You not say yet a word about your holiday

Exercise 4   

Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.

 1   After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, ‘Would you like something to eat?’

     You say: No thank you. ……………………. (have lunch)

2   Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, ‘Can I speak to Joe?’

     You say: I’m afraid ……………………. (go out)

3   You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.

     You say: Wait a minute! ……………………. (not I finish)

4   You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You phoned to reserve a table. Later your friend says, ‘Shall I phone to reserve a table?’

     You say: No, ……………………. (do it)

5   You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful.

     Ask her.    You say: …………………….? (find)

6   You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, ‘Where are you going for your holiday?’

     You say: ……………………. (not I decide)

7   Linda went shopping, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, ‘Is Linda still out shopping?’

     You say: No, ……………………. (come back)

Answers

Ранее мы уже рассматривали эту тему в разделах для начинающих:

Урок 23. Present Perfect. Настоящее совершённое время
Урок 5. Present Perfect Tense — Настоящее совершенное время

А теперь закрепим и дополним пройденное.

A

Изучите следующую ситуацию:

Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it.
He has lost his key.

He has lost his key = он потерял свой ключ = он потерял его недавно, у него до сих пор нет ключа.

Have/has lost это the present perfect simple:

The present perfect simple это have/has + past participle (причастие прошедшего времени). Причастие прошедшего времени часто имеет окончание -ed (finished/decided и др.), но очень много важных глаголов являются неправильными (lost/done/written и др.).

см. Список неправильных глаголов английского языка.

B

Когда мы говорим, что ‘something has happened’ (‘что-то случилось’), обычно это новая информация:

• Ow! I’ve cut my finger.
  Ау! Я порезал палец.
• The road is closed. There’s been (there has been) an accident.
  Дорога закрыта. Произошла авария.
• (from the news) Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
  (из новостей) Полиция арестовала двух мужчин в связи с ограблением.

Использование present perfect требует наличия связи с настоящим (now). Прошедшее действие имеет результат сейчас:

• ‘Where’s your key?’ ‘I don’t know. I’ve lost it.’
  ‘Где твой ключ?’ ‘Я не знаю. Я потерял его.’ (= У меня его сейчас нет)
• He told me his name, but I’ve forgotten it.
  Он сказал, как его зовут, но я забыл. (= Я не могу вспомнить его имя сейчас)
• ‘Is Sally here?’ ‘No, she’s gone out.’
  ‘Салли здесь?’ ‘Нет, она ушла.’ (= она ушла, сейчас ее нет)
• I can’t find my bag. Have you seen it?
  Я не могу найти свою сумку. Ты (не) видел ее? (= Не знаешь ли ты где она сейчас?)

C

Present perfect можно использовать со словами just, already и yet.

Just = только что, совсем недавно:

• ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’ve just had lunch.’
  ‘Ты голоден?’ ‘Нет, я только что пообедал.’ (досл.: съел ланч)
• Hello. Have you just arrived?
  Привет. Ты только что приехал?

Мы используем already (уже), чтобы сказать, что что-то произошло быстрее, чем ожидалось:

• ‘Don’t forget to send the letter.’ ‘I’ve already sent it.’
  ‘Не забудь отправить письмо.’ ‘Я его уже отправил.’
• ‘What time is Mark leaving?’ ‘He’s already gone.’
  ‘Во сколько Марк уезжает?’ ‘Он уже уехал.’

Yet = до сих пор, ещё; уже (в вопр. предложениях). Yet показывает, что говорящий ожидает, что что-то должно произойти. Используйте yet только в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях:

• Has it stopped raining yet?
  Дождь уже прекратился?
• I’ve written the letter, but I haven’t sent it yet.
  Я написал письмо, но еще не отправил его.

D

Заметьте разницу между gone (to) и been (to):

• Jim is on holiday. He has gone to Italy.
  Джим в отпуске. Он уехал в Италию. (= он сейчас в Италии или на пути в Италию)
• Jane is back home now. She has been to Italy.
  Джейн уже вернулась домой. Она была в Италии. (= сейчас она вернулась из Италии)

Упражнения

1. Прочитайте ситуации и напишите предложения. Используйте следующие глаголы:

arrive break fall go up grow improve lose

1. Tom is looking tor his key. He can’t find it.
2. Margaret can’t walk and her leg is in plaster.
3. Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90.
4. Maria’s English wasn’t very good. Now it is better.
5. Dan didn’t have a beard before. Now he has a beard.
6. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it.
7. The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it is only 12.

2. Закончите предложения B. Используйте глагол в скобках + just/already/yet.

1. A: Would you like something to eat?
   B: No, thanks. … (I / just / have / lunch)
2. A: Do you know where Julia is?
   B: Yes, … (I / just / see / her)
3. A: What time is David leaving?
   B: … (he / already / leave)
4. A: What’s in the newspaper today?
   B: I don’t know. … (I / not / read / it yet)



5. A: Is Sue coming to the cinema with us?
   B: No, … (she / already / see / the film)
6. A: Are your friends here yet?
   B: Yes, … (they / just / arrive)
7. A: What does Tim think about your plan?
   B: … (we / not / tell / him yet)

3. Прочитайте ситуации и напишите предложения с just, already или yet.

1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, ‘Would you like something to eat?’ You say: No, thank you. … . (have lunch)
2. Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, ‘Can I speak to Joe?’ You say: I’m afraid … . (go out)
3. You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: Wait a minute! … . (not / finish)
4. You are going to a restaurant tonight. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says, ‘Shall I phone to reserve a table?’ You say: No, … . (do it)



5. You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her. You say: … ? (find)
6. You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, ‘Where are you going for your holiday?’ You say: … . (not / decide)
7. Linda went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, ‘Is Linda still at the bank?’ You say: No, … . (come back)

4. Вставьте been или gone.

1. Jim is on holiday. He’s to Italy.
2. Hello! I’ve just to the shops. I’ve bought lots of things.
3. Alice isn’t here at the moment. She’s to the shop to get a newspaper.
4. Tom has out. He’ll be back in about an hour.
5. ‘Are you going to the bank?’ ‘No, I’ve already to the bank.’

1. Unit 7:

2. Ex. 1

3. 1. Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. Tom has lost his key.

4. 2. Lisa can’t walk and her leg is in plaster. Lisa has broken her leg.

5. 3. Last week the bus fare was 1.80 pounds. Now it is 2 pounds. The bus fare has gone up.

6. 4. Maria’s English wasn’t very good. Now it is better. Her English has improved.

7. 5. Dan didn’t have a beard before. Now he has a beard. Dan has grown a beard.

8. 6. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. The letter has arrived.

9. 7. The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it only 12. The temperature has fallen.

11. Ex. 2

12. 1. James is on holiday. He’s gone to Italy.

13. 2. Hello! I’ve just been to the shops. I’ve bought lots of things.

14. 3. Alice isn’t here at the moment. She’s gone to the shop to get a newspaper.

15. 4. Tom has gone out. He’ll back in about an hour.

16. 5. “Are you going to the bank?” — “No, I’ve already been to the bank”

17. Ex. 3

18. 1. Would you like something to eat? – No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch.

19. 2. Do you know where Julia is? – Yes, I have just seen her.

20. 3. What time is David leaving? – He has already left.

21. 4. What’s in the newspaper today? – I don’t know. I haven’t read it yet.

22. 5. Is Sue coming to the cinema with us? – No, she has already seen that film.

23. 6. Are your friends here yet? – Yes, they have just arrived.

24. 7. What does Tim think about your plan? – We haven’t told him yet.

25. Ex. 4

26. 1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, “Would you like something to eat?” You say: No thank you. I’ve just had lunch.

27. 2. Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, “Can I speak to Joe?” You say: I’m afraid he has just gone out.

28. 3. You are eating in restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: No, I haven’t finished it yet.

29. 4. You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You phoned to reserve a table. Later your friend says, “Shall I phone to reserve a table?”. You say: No, I have already done it.

30. 5. You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her. You say: Have you already found something?

31. 6. You are still thinking about where to go for your Holiday. A friend asks, “Where are you going for your holiday/” You say: I haven’t decided yet.

32. 7. Linda went shopping. But a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, “Is Linda still out shopping?” You say: “No, She has already come back.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

Additional exercises

The future

ANSWER KEY