You are the word i am looking for

Backer, sponsor, endorser, underwriter?

Thanks. I think you get what I am talking about, but I checked the words you said, and they seem to mean somebody giving money or judging risks and deciding insurance premiums. Can you please give me more words or some references?

I would use guarantor:
one that makes or gives a guarantee, guaranty, warrant, etc. (Random House)
a person who gives or is bound by a guarantee or guaranty; surety (Collins)

Thanks. But you see, just like I said, in the contract, I will use the word «mortgagor», «pledgor» and «guarantor» (means someone rich to assure the bank that if I default, he will pay the loan for me), and I need a general word to cover the aforesaid nouns. if I use the word «guarantor» as the general word, which word do I use to refer to that rich guy? ( who does not actually give sth to the bank as security like pledgor)

I can’t think of any term that includes both roles.
They are quite different, so I don’t find that surprising.
So if you really have to find a single term, it needs to be something that is independent of their specific and separate roles in relation to the contract.
You might consider ‘applicant’, thought you may then have to be sure that the contract is clear that both parties are included in the term.

As this is a legal contract you are devising, I strongly recommend that you consult someone who has legal expertise in the language and the jurisdiction where the contract will apply.

Anyway, thanks for your reply. I will keep searching, but I think that may be there is no such a word in English. After all languages are different.

I can’t think of any term that includes both roles.
They are quite different, so I don’t find that surprising.
So if you really have to find a single term, it needs to be something that is independent of their specific and separate roles in relation to the contract.
You might consider ‘applicant’, thought you may then have to be sure that the contract is clear that both parties are included in the term.

As this is a legal contract you are devising, I strongly recommend that you consult someone who has legal expertise in the language and the jurisdiction where the contract will apply.

Hi, I have one more question. Do you think «security» is the word I am looking for? I checked the dictionary, and it says security: 4. Something deposited or given as assurance of the fulfillment of an obligation; a pledge. 5. One who undertakes to fulfill the obligation of another; a surety.

I’m not sure, but I think that sophiasophie is looking for one word that covers both the guarantor and the debtor.
Or possibly, one word that covers both someone who puts up something as security for the loan and someone who commits to make good any deficit in payments. In my mind, the second of these is a guarantor. I don’t have a word for the first person.

Yes, I checked a very reliable legal dictionary, and now I am 100% sure that security is the word that coverse mortgage, pledge, lien, guarantee, charge, etc. But still, I haven’t found a word to cover the persons who give security.

A pledgor (someone who stands surety for a loan by pledging property) or bailor is not the same as a guarantor (who merely promises to pay the borrower’s debt). I rather doubt whether you could have a word that covers both these ideas. So why not write pledgor/guarantor?

Yes, pledgor/guaratnor is currently my solution to this issue. In Chinese, there is a word covering both meanings. It’s just that sometimes the contract does not really specify by which way a person secures the contract, in such cases I will use «the person giving security» , what do you think?

I think that the person giving (or providing) security would do, since it does not spell out the form of security given (e.g. you can give «a guarantee as security for a loan», where no assets are «given» or pledged.)
I like the term person standing surety for the loan, but this seems to mean the same as a guarantor.

Thank you. I will check the phrase standing surety