Xml schema from excel - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Microsoft Excel makes it easy to import Extensible Markup Language (XML) data that is created from other databases and applications, to map XML elements from an XML schema to worksheet cells, and to export revised XML data for interaction with other databases and applications. Think of these XML features as turning Office Excel into an XML data file generator with a familiar user interface.

Why use XML in Excel?
- XML data and schema files
- Key XML and Excel scenarios
The basic process of using XML data in Excel
Working with XML maps
- Using the XML Source task pane
- Element types and their icons
- Working with single-mapped cells
- Working with repeating cells in XML tables
- XML map security considerations
- Importing XML data
- Working with an inferred schema
- Exporting XML data
- Using the Excel macro-enabled Office Open XML Format file

Why use XML in Excel?

XML is a technology that is designed for managing and sharing structured data in a human-readable text file. XML follows industry-standard guidelines and can be processed by a variety of databases and applications. Using XML, application designers can create their own customized tags, data structures, and schemas. In short, XML greatly eases the definition, transmission, validation, and interpretation of data between databases, applications, and organizations.

XML data and schema files

Excel works primarily with two types of XML files:

XML data files (.xml), which contain the custom tags and structured data.
Schema files (.xsd), which contain schema tags that enforce rules, such as data type and validation.

The XML standard also defines Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) (.xslt) files, which are used to apply styles and transform XML data into different presentation formats. You can apply these transforms before you import XML files into Excel and after you export XML files from Excel. If XSLT files are linked to XML data files that you import into Excel, you do have the option to apply or not apply the formatting before the data is added to the worksheet, but only when you open an XML file by using the Open command from within Excel. Choose the XML Files (*.xml) file type before you click the Open button to see the XML files in the folder.

Key XML and Excel scenarios

By using XML and Excel, you can manage workbooks and data in ways that were previously impossible or very difficult. By using XML maps, you can easily add, identify, and extract specific pieces of business data from Excel documents. For example, an invoice that contains the name and address of a customer or a report that contains last quarter’s financial results are no longer just static reports. You can easily import this information from databases and applications, revise it, and export it to the same or other databases and applications.

The following are key scenarios that the XML features are designed to address:

Extend the functionality of existing Excel templates by mapping XML elements onto existing cells. This makes it easier to get XML data into and out of your templates without having to redesign them.
Use XML data as input to your existing calculation models by mapping XML elements onto existing worksheets.
Import XML data files into a new workbook.
Import XML data from a Web service into your Excel worksheet.
Export data in mapped cells to XML data files independent from other data in the workbook.

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The basic process of using XML data in Excel

The following diagram shows how the different files and operations work together when you use XML with Excel. Essentially, there are five phases to the process:

Adding an XML schema file (.xsd) to a workbook

Mapping XML schema elements to individual cells or XML tables

Importing an XML data file (.xml) and binding the XML elements to mapped cells

Entering data, moving mapped cells, and leveraging Excel functionality, while preserving XML structure and definitions

Exporting revised data from mapped cells to an XML data file

Working with XML maps

You can create or open a workbook in Excel, attach an XML schema file (.xsd) to the workbook, and then use the XML Source task pane to map XML elements of the schema to individual cells or tables. After you map the XML elements to your worksheet, you can import and export XML data into and out of the mapped cells.

When you add an XML schema file (.xsd) to your workbook, you create an XML map. In general, XML maps are used to create mapped cells and to manage the relationship between mapped cells and individual elements in the XML schema. In addition, these XML maps are used to bind the contents of mapped cells to elements in the schema when you import or export XML data files (.xml).

There are two kinds of mapped cells that you can create: single-mapped cells and repeating cells (which appear as XML tables). To make designing your worksheet more flexible, you can drag the mapped cells anywhere on a worksheet and into any order — even one different from the XML schema. You can also choose which elements to map and not map.

The following rules about using XML maps are important to know:

A workbook can contain one or more XML maps.
You can only map one element to one location in a workbook at a time.
Each XML map is an independent entity, even if multiple XML maps in the same workbook refer to the same schema.
An XML map can only contain one root element. If you add a schema that defines more than one root element, you are prompted to choose the root element to use for the new XML map.

Using the XML Source task pane

You use the XML Source task pane to manage XML maps. To open it, on the Developer tab, in the XML group, click Source. The following diagram shows the main features of this task pane.

1. Lists XML maps that were added to the workbook

2. Displays a hierarchical list of XML elements in the currently listed XML map

3. Sets options when working with the XML Source task pane and the XML data, such as how to preview the data and control headings

4. Opens the XML Maps dialog box, which you can use to add, delete, or rename XML maps

5. Verifies whether you can export XML data through the current XML map

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Element types and their icons

The following table summarizes each type of XML element that Excel can work with and the icon that is used to represent each type of element.

Element type	Icon
Parent element
Required parent element
Repeating parent element
Required repeating parent element
Child element
Required child element
Repeating child element
Required repeating child element
Attribute
Required attribute
Simple content in a complex structure
Required simple content in a complex structure

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Working with single-mapped cells

A single-mapped cell is a cell that has been mapped to a nonrepeating XML element. You create a single-mapped cell by dragging a nonrepeating XML element from the XML Source task pane onto a single cell in your worksheet.

When you drag a nonrepeating XML element onto the worksheet, you can use a smart tag to choose to include the XML element name as a heading above or just to the left of the single-mapped cell, or you can use an existing cell value as a heading.

You can also use a formula in a single-mapped cell, if the cell is mapped to an XML element with an XML Schema Definition (XSD) data type that Excel interprets as a number, date, or time.

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Working with repeating cells in XML tables

XML tables are similar in appearance and functionality to Excel tables. An XML table is an Excel table that has been mapped to one or more XML repeating elements. Each column in the XML table represents an XML element.

An XML table is created when you:

Use the Import command (in the XML group on the Developer tab) to import an XML data file.
Use the Open command from within Excel to open an XML data file — and then select As an XML table in the Open XML dialog box.
Use the From XML Data Import command (from the From Other Sources command button, in the Get External Data group, on the Data tab) to import an XML data file — and then select XML table in existing worksheet or New worksheet in the Import Data dialog box.
Drag one or more repeating elements from the XML Source task pane to a worksheet.

When you create an XML table, the XML element names are automatically used as column headings. You can change these to any column headings that you want. However, the original XML element names are always used when you export data from the mapped cells.

Two options under the Options button in the XML Source task pane are useful when you work with XML tables:

Automatically Merge Elements When Mapping
When selected, Excel creates one XML table from multiple fields as they are dropped onto the worksheet. This option works as long as the multiple fields are dropped on the same row, one adjacent to the other. When this option is cleared, each element appears as its own XML table.
My Data Has Headings
When selected, existing heading data is used as column headings for repeating elements that you map to your worksheet. When this option is cleared, the XML element names are used as column headings.

Using XML tables, you can easily import, export, sort, filter, and print data based on an XML data source. However, XML tables do have some limitations regarding how they can be arranged on the worksheet.

XML tables are row-based, meaning that they grow from the header row down. You cannot add new entries above existing rows.
You cannot transpose an XML table so that new entries will be added to the right.

You can use formulas in columns that are mapped to XML elements with an XML Schema Definition (XSD) data type that Excel interprets as a number, date, or time. Just as in an Excel table, formulas in an XML table are filled down the column when new rows are added to the table.

XML map security considerations

An XML map and its data source information are saved with the Excel workbook, not a specific worksheet. A malicious user can view this map information by using a Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macro. Furthermore, if you save your workbook as a macro-enabled Excel Office Open XML Format File, this map information can be viewed through Microsoft Notepad or through another text-editing program.

If you want to keep using the map information but remove the potentially sensitive data source information, you can delete the data source definition of the XML schema from the workbook, but still export the XML data, by clearing the Save data source definition in workbook check box in the XML Map Properties dialog box, which is available from the Map Properties command in the XML group on the Developer tab.

If you delete a worksheet before you delete a map, the map information about the data sources, and possibly other sensitive information, is still saved in the workbook. If you are updating the workbook to remove sensitive information, make sure that you delete the XML map before you delete the worksheet, so that the map information is permanently removed from the workbook.

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Importing XML data

You can import XML data into an existing XML map in your workbook. When you import data, you bind the data from the file to an XML map that is stored in your workbook. This means that each data element in the XML data file has a corresponding element, in the XML schema, that you mapped from an XML Schema file or inferred schema. Each XML map can only have one XML data binding, and an XML data binding is bound to all of the mappings that were created from a single XML map.

You can display the XML Map Properties dialog box (Click Map Properties in the XML group on the Developer tab.), which has three options, all selected by default, that you can set or clear to control the behavior of an XML data binding:

Validate data against schema for import and export Specifies whether Excel validates data against the XML map when importing data. Click this option when you want to ensure that the XML data that you import conforms to the XML schema.
Overwrite existing data with new data Specifies whether data is overwritten when you import data. Click this option when you want to replace the current data with new data, for example, when up-to-date data is contained in the new XML data file.
Append new data to existing XML tables Specifies whether the contents of the data source are appended to the existing data on the worksheet. Click this option, for example, when you are consolidating data from several similar XML data files into an XML table, or you do not want to overwrite the contents of a cell that contains a function.

When you import XML data, you may want to overwrite some mapped cells but not others. For example, some mapped cells may contain formulas and you don’t want to overwrite the formula when you import an XML file. There are two approaches that you can take:

Unmap the elements that you don’t want overwritten, before you import the XML data. After you import the XML data, you can remap the XML element to the cells containing the formulas, so that you can export the results of the formulas to the XML data file.
Create two XML maps from the same XML schema. Use one XML map for importing the XML data. In this «Import» XML map, don’t map elements to the cells that contain formulas or other data that you don’t want overwritten. Use another XML map for exporting the data. In this «Export» XML map, map the elements that you want to export to an XML file.

Note: The ability to import XML data from a Web service by using a Data Retrieval Service Connection (.uxdc) file to connect to a data source is no longer supported in versions later than Excel 2003 through the user interface. If you open a workbook that was created in Excel 2003, you can still view the data, but you cannot edit or refresh the source data.

Working with an inferred schema

If you import XML data without first adding a corresponding XML schema to create an XML map, Excel tries to infer a schema for you based on the tags that are defined in the XML data file. The inferred schema is stored with the workbook, and the inferred schema allows you to work with XML data if an XML schema file isn’t associated with the workbook.

When you work with imported XML data that has an inferred schema, you can also customize the XML Source task pane. Select the Preview Data in Task Pane option from the Options button to display the first row of data as sample data in the element list, if you imported XML data associated with the XML map in the current session of Excel.

You cannot export the Excel inferred schema as a separate XML schema data file (.xsd). Although there are XML schema editors and other methods for creating an XML schema file, you may not have convenient access to them or know how to use them. As an alternative, you can use the Excel 2003 XML Tools Add-in Version 1.1, which can create a schema file from an XML map. For more information, see Using the Excel 2003 XML Tools Add-in Version 1.1.

Exporting XML data

You export XML data by exporting the contents of mapped cells on the worksheet. When you export data, Excel applies the following rules to determine what data to save and how to save it:

Empty items are not created when blank cells exist for an optional element, but empty items are created when blank cells exist for a required element.
Unicode Transformation Format-8 (UTF-8) encoding is used to write the data.
All namespaces are defined in the Root XML element.
Excel overwrites existing namespace prefixes. The default namespace is assigned a prefix of ns0. Successive namespaces are designated ns1, ns2 to ns<count> where <count> is the number of namespaces written to the XML file.
Comment nodes are not preserved.

You can display the XML Map Properties dialog box (Click Map Properties in the XML group on the Developer tab.) and then use the Validate data against schema for import and export option (active by default) to specify whether Excel validates data against the XML map when exporting data. Click this option when you want to ensure that the XML data you export conforms to the XML schema.

Using the Excel Macro-enabled Office Open XML Format File

You can save an Excel workbook in a variety of file formats, including the Excel macro-enabled Office Open XML Format File (.xlsm). Excel has a defined XML schema that defines the contents of an Excel workbook, including XML tags that store all workbook information, such as data and properties, and define the overall structure of the workbook. Custom applications can use this Excel macro-enabled Office XML Format File. For example, developers may want to create a custom application to search for data in multiple workbooks that are saved in the this format and create a reporting system based on the data found.

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Need more help?

You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers community.

What is the XML file format?

The XML file format is a way to write text in a document using tags. These tags are customizable and represent the structure of the document.

It also tells how the XLS file can be converted to an XML file and transferred to another application.

XML format uses the DOM or Document Object Model as its basic structure and can help separate text in HTML.

For instance, XML data for a company employee might be:

The tags ‘Name, ID No., Post, Salary, and Status’ consist of the document’s data. You can customize the tags as we did here for an employee’s data.

Create the Excel File

To convert Excel to XML, you need to create an XLS file containing all the data. I have created an example below that lists the members of a company and their details.

Each field contains certain information about every employee.

How to Create the XML Schema?

The XML Schema will structure each spreadsheet field and its appearance in the XML file.

Our spreadsheet has five columns with different data types setting the base for our XML file.

1. To create the XML file, open any text editor and begin entering the standard XML elements.

Creating XML scheme by drawing a structure.

Don’t fret just yet; We’ll explain all the alien-like items in this image one by one. 😄

The first line in the image is the standard XML line. It is used each time you create XML documents.

The version 1.0 encoding UTF specifies that it is an XML format.

The second line indicates the type of text. For example, this data was about employees of a company, hence <employee-data>. The remaining line is the default.

Since this statement starts with <employee-data>, it is the root element here. The remaining elements of the argument make up for the child element.

The third line, containing the record tag, indicates the beginning and end of a single field. It consists of the information in each field of the spreadsheet.

For instance, the first field is about Alice A. So it will include all the information about Alice on each tag.

The record tags enclose the data of the spreadsheet.

The TAG NAME specifies the items in each column, whereas the data contains the corresponding value.

You don’t have to manually input the exact and each column name; they just need to be in the correct order. Excel can help us do the rest.

TAGNAME consists of the column name followed by the data.

For the TAG NAME, say we want the first employee’s name.

So, we will write – <Name>Alice A.</Name> – Similarly, for her ID, we will write – <ID No.>2854</ID No.> – .

Pro Tip!

Must note the opening and closing tag identified by a forward slash (/).

These are to be used at the beginning and each of each statement. Also, the closing and opening tags must be in the correct order, as the data between the two tags make for the XML elements.

The last closing tag </employee-data> marks the end of the file. In the last step, save the XML data file as “employee-data.xml.”

Enable the Developer Tab

Now that your schema markup is prepared, let’s add it to Excel.

1. Make sure the developer tab is enabled on your Excel spreadsheet. If it is not visible, right-click on the ribbon and select Customize the ribbon.

Selecting the Customize ribbon option to enable developer tab.

2. A dialog box will appear on the screen. On the bottom right side, mark the develop option as shown and click ok.

Marking the develop option to make it visible on the ribbon.

3. Now, you should be able to view the developer’s tab on the ribbon like this:

That’s it – now what? Now we add the Schema file to Microsoft Excel. 😃

Open the XML Source Task Pane & Add XML Maps

1. Click on Developer from the ribbon, and you will see a number of options. Select the Source icon:

Selecting the Source icon from the developer's tab.

The XML source pane will appear on the Excel spreadsheet.

2. Click XML Maps at the bottom right corner.

Adding XML map to Excel for preparing markup schema.

It shows a dialog box that searches for the XML map in the workbook.

3. Click the add button and select the XML map stored on your desktop.

You will see a warning like this one below from Microsoft Excel upon adding the map.

Excel mentioning the creation of schema based on XML data.

There’s nothing to worry about.

4. Simply press ‘Ok’.

5. You will now see the XML map in the workbook.

6. Click ‘Okay’ and move to the XML source pane, which looks like this.

The XML source containg the markup schema.

7. Now, mark the data on the XML Map.

Assign XML Elements

Now that you have the XML schema and the XLSX ready, mark the XML tags to the spreadsheets’ data.

All you need to do now is drag one XML element from the source pane. Then drop it on the corresponding spreadsheets’ column name.

For instance, I will drop the “Name” XML element on the “Name” column, and a blue table will appear.

Assigning each XML element to its corresponding column.

Apply the same process to the remaining columns. If you have been successful till now, your spreadsheet will look like this:

Turning the spreadsheet data into a table.

If you’ve achieved this form, it means all your data is perfectly mapped with XML tags.

Now that we’ve come this far, it is only fair we export it. So, onto the next step.

Export the XML File

1. To convert Excel to XML file formats, open the developer tab and click the export command.

Exporting the XML file to other programs.

A dialog box will appear, asking the location to save the file. The file type should be set by default.

2. Select a location, enter the name and click export.

The file is now saved on your desktop with all your XML data. You can open the file from the XML section on a Wordpad or other apps.

The XML file will show up like this:

Final XML file opened in text editor. Exporting the XML file to other programs.

You might receive a warning from Microsoft office. Exporting the file may cause loss of pictures, formatting, or other non-XML objects.

That’s not an issue. Go ahead and hit ‘Ok’. 🙂

That’s it — Now What

Beginning to convert Excel to XML files can be challenging at the start. But once you get hold of it, you can do it with your eyes closed.

In the above article, we not only learned about creating an XML schema but also to convert an Excel file into XML format and export it.

But that’s only about creating and retaining your Excel file in different formats. There’s so much more to Excel that you’d still want to learn like the VLOOKUP, SUMIF and IF functions.

Want to learn them all? Click here to sign up for my free 30-minute email course to master these functions.

Kasper Langmann2023-01-19T12:23:02+00:00

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Excel spreadsheets are great for storing large amounts of data that would be unmanageable elsewhere. But what happens when you need to transfer that data somewhere else? What if you have hundreds or thousands of cells crammed with information? That would be a lot of data to manually re-type, especially if you need it in another format.

Extensible Markup Language, or XML, is an easy-to-use, read, and format document markup language. It can be used to store data in Excel files and help transfer them to other applications. It is a widely used format on the internet and in other applications.

In this guide, you’ll learn a quick and easy way to convert Excel to XML. All you need is an Excel spreadsheet, an XML schema, and a rudimentary understanding of Excel, which you can learn in this Excel training course for beginners.

Step 1: Create your Excel spreadsheet

The first thing you need is an Excel spreadsheet. Below is an example spreadsheet with six columns and seven rows of data. The columns separate the last names, first names, ages, majors (subject), GPAs (Grade Point Average), and school year of each student listed in the spreadsheet.

Excel spreadsheet example, six columns, seven rows
last names, first names, ages, majors (subject), GPAs (Grade Point Average), and school year of each student

Step 2: Create your XML schema

After you have your Excel document set up, you need an XML schema. An XML schema is the document that defines an XML file’s structure. You can create an XML schema in Notepad, as it is a text file format. Here is a basic structure:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<student-data xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <record>
       <TAGNAME>data</TAGNAME>
       <TAGNAME2>data</TAGNAME2>
       <TAGNAME3>data</TAGNAME3>
    </record>
</student-data>

The first line is a standard line. It identifies that it is an XML file, using the encoding UTF-8 and the XML version 1.0.

The second line identifies that the data is about “student-data”. If you simplify this line and the last line, you have:

<student-data>
</student-data>

The first line above opens the element, and the last line, which includes a “/”, ends this element. It is important that you have a closing tag for every opening tag, and that they are in the right order. Everything in between these lines is part of this element. In other words, it is “student-data”. Because this is the first element, it is also called the “root element”.

The “student-data” above includes a “record” element, which has three data elements, TAGNAME, TAGNAME2, and TAGNAME3.

You can change the name of the <TAGNAME> tags into the names of your columns. They do not have to be the exact name of the columns, as long as they’re in the correct order. You only need to fill out a few examples manually, but we can get Excel to do the rest for us later.

Here’s an example XML schema for our Excel spreadsheet:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<student-data xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <record>
       <LastName>Takahashi</LastName>
       <FirstName>Jesse</FirstName>
       <Age>19</Age>
       <Major>Literature</Major>
       <GPA>3.8</GPA>
       <Year>Freshman</Year>
    </record>
    <record>
       <LastName>Nguyen</LastName>
       <FirstName>May</FirstName>
       <Age>23</Age>
       <Major>Chemistry</Major>
       <GPA>3.5</GPA>
       <Year>Senior</Year>
    </record>
</student-data>

As you can see, data elements have become <LastName> and <FirstName>, in line with the columns in our data set. You do not need to have the lines indented, but that aids readability.

Also take note of the <student-data> tags that hold the contents of each <record> tag. It should be renamed according to the name of your Excel spreadsheet. In this example, our Excel workbook is called student-data.xlsx, and so our root element tag is called <student-data>.

Don’t forget to name your XML schema with a .xml at the end. In this example, our schema is simply called schema.xml, if you’d like to follow along.

If you want to know more about XML documents, how they work, and what they’re useful for, check out this introduction to XML course. You can also get started with this beginners XML tutorial class.

Step 3: Enable the Developer tab

If the Developer tab is not available, you need to enable it. Click on File – Options, and then the “Customize Ribbon” page. In the column on the right is a list of tabs called Main Tabs with check marks.

Make sure that the check box next to the Developer tab is checked, then click OK. The Developer tab should now be visible in the main Excel window.

If you’re having trouble navigating Excel and its various options, it would be beneficial to take a basic Microsoft Office course for beginners and learn your way around the application.

If you want more advanced skills, then why not take advanced Excel training courses if you need experience with the more complicated elements of Excel.

Step 4: Open the XML Source pane

Now that you’ve brought up the Developer tab and clicked on it, you should see a number of sections called Code, Add-Ins, Controls, and XML.

In the XML section, click on the large button that reads Source. This will bring up the XML Source task pane to the right of the screen, where you’ll have the option to manage XML maps. That’s what we want to do next.

Step 5: Add an XML Map

In the XML Source task pane, click the XML Maps option at the very bottom right. A dialog box will appear. Click Add to add a new XML schema, find your schema.xml file in the browser, and click OK.

Now that your XML file is added, click OK again.

The computer may give you a warning – that’s fine.

Click OK and return to the XML Source task pane.

Step 6: Drag and drop the XML elements into your spreadsheet

Each of your columns should appear as a new element in the record tree created by the XML Source task pane. Drag each element individually into its appropriate column, starting at Row 1.

Excel spreadsheet, xml source pane on the right

Converted columns become part of a table and should turn blue. Do this until all of your columns have been mapped to the XML elements.

Step 7: Export your XML data

Once you’ve finished converting each column into an XML element, you can either click on Developer – Export, or go to File – Save As, and change the File Type to “XML Data (*.xml).”

Save your XML file, and Excel will export it to XML. It may warn you that it will result in the loss of non-XML features, such as formatting, pictures, and objects. Again, that’s fine.

Excel warning message, result in loss of data, continue

You can then open it in Notepad to see your results. Go to File – Open, and change the file type from “Text Files (*.txt)” to “All Files”:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<student-data xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
	<record>
		<LastName>Takahashi</LastName>
		<FirstName>Jesse</FirstName>
		<Age>19</Age>
		<Major>Literature</Major>
		<GPA>3.8</GPA>
		<Year>Freshman</Year>
	</record>
	<record>
		<LastName>Nguyen</LastName>
		<FirstName>May</FirstName>
		<Age>23</Age>
		<Major>Chemistry</Major>
		<GPA>3.5</GPA>
		<Year>Senior</Year>
	</record>
	<record>
		<LastName>Johnson</LastName>
		<FirstName>Ori</FirstName>
		<Age>20</Age>
		<Major>Business</Major>
		<GPA>3.2</GPA>
		<Year>Junior</Year>
	</record>
	<record>
		<LastName>Kang</LastName>
		<FirstName>Han</FirstName>
		<Age>18</Age>
		<Major>Biology</Major>
		<GPA>3.9</GPA>
		<Year>Freshman</Year>
	</record>
	<record>
		<LastName>Jones</LastName>
		<FirstName>Raymond</FirstName>
		<Age>19</Age>
		<Major>Engineering</Major>
		<GPA>3.3</GPA>
		<Year>Sophomore</Year>
	</record>
	<record>
		<LastName>Akhtar</LastName>
		<FirstName>Ali</FirstName>
		<Age>19</Age>
		<Major>Literature</Major>
		<GPA>4.0</GPA>
		<Year>Freshman</Year>
	</record>
</student-data>

Excel was able to format all of this information automatically, so you didn’t have to.

This trick can come in handy with large data sets of over thousands of cells, so you can create multiple XML data files quickly. However, you can still save time and export XML more reliably with any amount of data.

This was a very simple example, though, and in the future, you might find yourself facing some tougher scenarios. If this happens, it will help if you have advanced Excel skills. If you want to learn how to handle these scenarios, take a look at this course about Pivot Tables, Power Query, Power Pivot, and DAX.

I hope that you have enjoyed this article. You’ve now successfully converted Excel to XML. Hopefully when you need to do it in your work, you will find it easy to do.

If you’re interested in learning more advanced Excel skills, let’s move on to learning how to use SQL in Excel.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Excel XML format?

Excel can export data into XML (or Extensible Markup Language). It is based on an XML schema, which defines the structure of the file. You can create it in NotePad. To convert the data, go to the Developer tab – Source. You can then load your XML schema and match it to the data. You can then go to Developer – Export, or File – Save as – XML file.

How do I open an XML file in Excel?

To open an XML file in Excel, you should go to File – Open. On the PC, you should change the File Type from “All Excel Files (*.xl*)” to “XML file (*.xml).” You should then navigate to where the file is stored, click on it, and click OK. Your file will then be opened in Excel.

How do I view an XML file?

You can view an XML file in either Notepad or Excel. To view it in NotePad, go to File – Open, and change the File Type from “Text Documents (*.txt)” to “All Files (*.*)”. To view it in Excel, go to File – Open, and change the File Type to “XML Files (*.xml).”

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Note: there is no solution using just Excel.

This was true in 2013 when the OP asked the question, and is still true now, as far as I can tell.

The answers provided on this page, though they use external tooling, represent the only solutions on the internet at this time, and have since been viewed 13,000 times.

If you or anyone you know have a solution using only Excel to generate XSD, please add it, because this is clearly something that would help many people.

Model the class in code:

public class Something
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string First_Name { get; set; }
    public string Last_Name { get; set; }
    public string Phone_number { get; set; }
}

Save it to a .cs file and then compile it.

and then use xsd.exe to generate the xsd:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:element name="Something" nillable="true" type="Something" />
  <xs:complexType name="Something">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" name="ID" type="xs:int" />
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="First_Name" type="xs:string" />
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="Last_Name" type="xs:string" />
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="Phone_number" type="xs:string" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>

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Содержание

Процедура конвертации
- Способ 1: простое сохранение
- Способ 2: инструменты разработчика
Вопросы и ответы

XML – это универсальный формат работы с данными. Его поддерживает множество программ, в том числе из сферы СУБД. Поэтому конвертация информации в XML важна именно с точки зрения взаимодействия и обмена данными между различными приложениями. Excel как раз входит в число программ, которые работают с таблицами, и даже может выполнять манипуляции с базами данных. Разберемся, как конвертировать файлы Эксель в XML.

Процедура конвертации

Конвертация данных в формат XML не такой уж простой процесс, так как в его ходе должна быть создана специальная схема (schema.xml). Впрочем, для преобразования информации в простейший файл данного формата достаточно иметь под рукой обычные инструменты сохранения в Excel, а вот для создания хорошо структурированного элемента придется основательно повозиться с составлением схемы и её подключением к документу.

Способ 1: простое сохранение

В Excel можно сохранить данные в формате XML, просто воспользовавшись меню «Сохранить как…». Правда, нет гарантии, что потом все программы будут корректно работать с файлом, который был создан таким способом. Да и не во всех случаях этот способ работает.

Запускаем программу Excel. Для того, чтобы открыть элемент, подлежащий конвертации переходим во вкладку «Файл». Далее жмем по пункту «Открыть».

Запускается окно открытия файлов. Переходим в директорию, где содержится файл, который нам нужен. Он должен быть в одном из форматов Эксель – XLS или XLSX. Выбираем его и жмем на кнопку «Открыть», расположенную в нижней части окна.

Как видим, файл был открыт, а его данные отобразились на текущем листе. Опять переходим во вкладку «Файл».

После этого переходим по пункту «Сохранить как…».

Открывается окно сохранения. Переходим в ту директорию, в которой желаем, чтобы хранился конвертированный файл. Впрочем, можно оставить и директорию по умолчанию, то есть ту, что предложила сама программа. В этом же окне, если возникнет желание, можно изменить наименование файла. Но основное внимание нужно обратить на поле «Тип файла». Раскрываем перечень кликом по данному полю.

Среди вариантов сохранения ищем наименование «Таблица XML 2003» или «XML-данные». Выбираем один из этих пунктов.

После этого жмем на кнопку «Сохранить».

Таким образом, преобразование файла из формата Excel в XML будет совершено.

Способ 2: инструменты разработчика

Конвертировать формат Excel в XML можно с помощью инструментов разработчика на вкладке программы. При этом, если пользователь все выполнит правильно, то на выходе он получит, в отличие от предыдущего способа, полноценный XML-файл, который корректно будет восприниматься сторонними приложениями. Но сразу нужно сказать, что не каждому новичку может хватить знаний и умений сразу научиться конвертировать данные таким способом.

По умолчанию вкладка инструментов разработчика отключена. Поэтому, прежде всего, нужно её активировать. Переходим во вкладку «Файл» и кликаем по пункту «Параметры».

В открывшемся окне параметров перемещаемся в подраздел «Настройка ленты». В правой части окна устанавливаем галочку около значения «Разработчик». После этого жмем на кнопку «OK», размещенную в нижней части окна. Вкладка инструментов разработчика теперь включена.

Далее открываем таблицу Excel в программе любым удобным способом.

На её основе нам предстоит создать схему, которая формируется в любом текстовом редакторе. Для этих целей можно использовать и обычный Блокнот Windows, но лучше применять специализированное приложение для программирования и работы с языками разметки Notepad++. Запускаем эту программу. В ней создаем схему. На нашем примере она будет выглядеть, как показано внизу на скриншоте окна Notepad++.

Как видим, открывающим и закрывающим тегом для документа в целом служит «data-set». В этой же роли для каждой строки выступает тег «record». Для схемы вполне будет достаточно, если мы возьмем всего две строки таблицы, а не будем переводить её всю вручную в XML. Название открывающего и закрывающего тега столбца может быть произвольным, но в данном случае для удобства мы предпочли просто перевести русскоязычные наименования колонок на английский язык. После того, как данные внесены, просто сохраняем их через функционал текстового редактора в любом месте на жестком диске в формате XML под названием «schema».
Опять переходим к программе Excel с уже открытой таблицей. Перемещаемся во вкладку «Разработчик». На ленте в блоке инструментов «XML» кликаем по кнопке «Источник». В открывшемся поле в левой части окна жмем на кнопку «Карты XML…».

В открывшемся окне кликаем по кнопке «Добавить…».

Запускается окно выбора источника. Переходим в директорию расположения схемы составленной ранее, выбираем её и кликаем по кнопке «Открыть».

После того, как элементы схемы появились в окне, перетаскиваем их с помощью курсора в соответствующие ячейки наименования столбцов таблицы.

Кликаем правой кнопкой мыши по полученной таблице. В контекстном меню последовательно переходим по пунктам «XML» и «Экспорт…». После этого сохраняем файл в любой директории.

Как видим, существуют два основных способа конвертации файлов XLS и XLSX в формат XML программой Microsoft Excel. Первый из них предельно простой и заключается в элементарной процедуре сохранения с заданным расширением через функцию «Сохранить как…». Простота и понятность данного варианта, несомненно, являются преимуществами. Но у него есть один очень серьезный недостаток. Преобразование выполняется без учета определенных стандартов, и поэтому файл, конвертируемый таким способом, сторонними приложениями может просто не распознаваться. Второй вариант предполагает составление карты XML. В отличие от первого способа, таблица, преобразованная по данной схеме, будет соответствовать всем стандартам качества XML. Но, к сожалению, не каждый пользователь сможет быстро разобраться с нюансами этой процедуры.

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In this article

Why use XML in Excel?

XML data and schema files

Key XML and Excel scenarios

The basic process of using XML data in Excel

Working with XML maps

Using the XML Source task pane

Element types and their icons

Working with single-mapped cells

Working with repeating cells in XML tables

XML map security considerations

Importing XML data

Working with an inferred schema

Exporting XML data

Using the Excel Macro-enabled Office Open XML Format File

Need more help?

See Also

How to Convert Excel to XML – Step-by-Step Tutorial (2023)

What is the XML file format?

Create the Excel File

How to Create the XML Schema?

Enable the Developer Tab

Open the XML Source Task Pane & Add XML Maps

Assign XML Elements

Export the XML File

That’s it — Now What

Step 1: Create your Excel spreadsheet

Step 2: Create your XML schema

Step 3: Enable the Developer tab

Step 4: Open the XML Source pane

Step 5: Add an XML Map

Step 6: Drag and drop the XML elements into your spreadsheet

Step 7: Export your XML data

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Excel XML format?

How do I open an XML file in Excel?

How do I view an XML file?

Процедура конвертации

Способ 1: простое сохранение

Способ 2: инструменты разработчика

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