ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE
45. It is said that….. He is said to….. He is
supposed to
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A |
Study this example situation:
You can use these structures with a alleged · It is said that she runs ten · It is believed that the boy is The boy is believed to be wearing a · It is expected that the strike will · It is alleged that he hit a · It is said that there is a There is said to be a secret tunnel These structures are often used in news · Two people are reported to have been injured |
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|
B |
(Be) Sometimes (it is) supposed to … = (it is) said to … : · · But sometimes supposed to has a different meaning. We use supposed to to say what is · (= the plan is · (= you arranged · · · You’re not supposed to do something= it is not allowed or · · |
EXERCISES
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45.1 |
Write these sentences in another way, beginning
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45.2 |
There are a lot of rumours about Alan. Here Nobody is sure whether these things are
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45.3 |
Complete the sentences using supposed on
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45.4 |
Write sentences with supposed to +the following block depart Use the negative (not supposed to) where necessary.
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ANSWER
KEY
Study this example situation:
Henry is very old. Nobody knows exactly how old he is, but:
It is said that he is 108 years old. or He is said to be 108 years old.
Both these sentences mean: ‘People say that he is 108 years old.’
You can use these structures with a number of other verbs, especially:
thought believed considered reported known expected alleged understood
Compare the two structures:
* Cathy works very hard.
It is said that she works 16 hours a day. or She is said to work 16 hours a day.
* The police are looking for a missing boy.
It is believed that the boy is wearing a or white pullover and blue jeans. The boy is believed to be wearing a white pullover and blue jeans.
* The strike started three weeks ago.
It is expected that it will end soon. or The strike is expected to end soon
* A friend of mine has been arrested.
It is alleged that he kicked a policeman. or He is alleged to have kicked a policeman.
* Those two houses belong to the same family.
It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them. There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.
These structures are often used in news reports. For example, in a report about an accident:
* It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion. or Two people are reported to have been injured in the explosion.
(Be) supposed to
Sometimes it is supposed to … = it is said to…
* Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be very good. (= it is said to be very good)
* ‘Why was he arrested?’ ‘He’s supposed to have kicked a policeman.’ (= he is said to have kicked a policeman)
But sometimes supposed to has a different meaning. ‘Something is supposed to happen’ = it is planned, arranged or expected. Often this is different from what really happens:
* I’d better hurry. It’s nearly 8 o’clock and I’m supposed to be meeting Ann at 8.15. (= I have arranged to meet Ann, I said I would meet her)
* The train was supposed to arrive at 11.30 but it was an hour late. (= the train was
expected to arrive at 11.30 according to the timetable)
* You were supposed to clean the windows. Why didn’t you do it?
‘You’re not supposed to do something’ = it is not allowed or advisable for you to do it:
* You’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
* Mr. Bond is much better after his illness but he’s still not supposed to do any heavy work. (= his doctors have advised him not to …)
EXERCISES
44.1 Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Use the underlined word in your sentence.
1. It is _expected_ that the strike will end soon. The strike _is expected to end soon._
2. It is _expected_ that the weather will be good tomorrow. The weather is —
3. It is _believed_ that the thieves got in through the kitchen window. The thieves —
4. It is _reported_ that many people are homeless after the floods. Many people —
5. It is _thought_ that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall. The prisoner —
6. It is _alleged_ that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour. The man is —
7. It is _reported_ that the building has been badly damaged by fire. The building —
8. a: It is _said_ that the company is losing a lot of money. The company —
b: It is _believed_ that the company lost a lot of money last year. The company —
c: It is _expected_ that the company will lose money this year. The company —
44.2 People say a lot of things about Arthur. For example:
1 Arthur cats spiders.
2 He is very rich.
3. (He writes poetry.
4. (He has 12 children.)
5. (He robbed a bank a long time ago.
Nobody knows for sure whether these things are true or not. Write sentences about Arthur using (be) supposed to.
1. Arthur is supposed to eat spiders.
2. He —
3. —
4. —
5. —
44.3 Now you have to use (be) supposed to with its other meaning. In each example what happens is different from what is supposed to happen. Use (be) supposed to + one of these verbs:
arrive be block come park phone start Some of the sentences are negative (like the first example).
1. You_’re not suppose to park_ here. It’s private parking only.
2. The train _was supposed to arrive_ at 11.30, but it was an hour late.
3. What are the children doing at home? They — at school at this time.
4. We — work at 8.15, but we rarely do anything before 8.30.
5. This door is a fire exit. You — it.
6. Oh dear! I — Ann but I completely forgot.
7. They arrived very early—at 2 o’clock. They — until 3.30.
44.1
2 The weather is expected to be good tomorrow.
3 The thieves are believed to have get in through the kitchen window.
4 Many people are reported to be homeless after the floods.
5 The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over a wall.
6 The man is alleged to have driven through the town at 90 miles an hour.
7 The building is reported to have been badly damaged by fire.
8 a. The company is said to be losing a lot of money.
b. The company is believed to have lost a lot of money last year.
c. The company is expected to lose money this year.
44.2
2 He is supposed to be very rich.
3 He is supposed to write poetry.
4 He is supposed to have 12 children.
5 He is supposed to have robbed a bank a long time ago.
44.3
3 are/’re supposed to be
4 are/’re supposed to start
5 aren’t/’re not supposed to block
6 was supposed to phone
7 weren’t supposed to arrive or … supposed to come
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#1
From English Grammar in Use:
Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Use the underlined word each time.
It is
alleged
that the man was driving at 110 miles an hour.
According to the book, it should be, ‘The man is alleged to have been driving at 110 miles an hour.‘
But would you also accept, ‘The man is alleged to having driven at 110 miles an hour.‘ Is this sentence ungrammatical? If it’s OK, what is the difference?
Thank you in advance.
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#2
It is ungrammatical. The sentence requires an infinitive at this point.
‘To have been driving’ is the perfect infinitive, continuous form.
‘To have driven’ is the perfect infinitive, simple form.
Either of these is correct English.
The continuous highlights the ongoing nature of the action, and is therefore equivalent to ‘[that the man] was driving’.
The simple form ‘to have driven’ corresponds to ‘[that the man] drove’.
However, ‘to having driven’ is not an infinitive at all. It does not work: it is just ‘to’ followed by two participles.
Last edited: Sep 24, 2012
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#3
Thank you. I don’t know anymore why I thought that my sentence was possible.
1.
It is _expected_ that the strike will end soon. The strike _is
expected to end soon._
2.
It is _expected_ that the weather will be good tomorrow. The weather
is —
3.
It is _believed_ that the thieves got in through the kitchen window.
The thieves —
4.
It is _reported_ that many people are homeless after the floods. Many
people —
5.
It is _thought_ that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall.
The prisoner —
6.
It is _alleged_ that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an
hour. The man is —
7.
It is _reported_ that the building has been badly damaged by fire.
The building —
8.
a: It is _said_ that the company is losing a lot of money. The
company —
b:
It is _believed_ that the company lost a lot of money last year. The
company —
c:
It is _expected_ that the company will lose money this year. The
company —
44.2 People say a lot of things about Arthur. For example:
1
Arthur cats spiders.
2
He is very rich.
3.
(He writes poetry.
4.
(He has 12 children.)
5.
(He robbed a bank a long time ago.
Nobody
knows for sure whether these things are true or not. Write sentences
about Arthur using (be) supposed to.
1.
Arthur is supposed to eat spiders.
2.
He —
3.
—
4.
—
5.
—
44.3
Now you have to use (be) supposed to with its other meaning. In each
example what happens is different from what is supposed to happen.
Use (be) supposed to + one of these verbs:
arrive
be block come park phone start
Some
of the sentences are negative (like the first example).
1.
You_’re not suppose to park_ here. It’s private parking only.
2.
The train _was supposed to arrive_ at 11.30, but it was an hour late.
3.
What are the children doing at home? They — at school at this time.
4.
We — work at 8.15, but we rarely do anything before 8.30.
5.
This door is a fire exit. You — it.
6.
Oh dear! I — Ann but I completely forgot.
7.
They arrived very early—at 2 o’clock. They — until 3.30.
UNIT
45. Have something done
A.
Study this example situation:
The
roof of Jill’s house was damaged in a storm, so she arranged for
somebody to repair it. Yesterday a workman came and did the job.
Jill
had the roof repaired yesterday.
This
means: Jill arranged for somebody else to repair the roof. She didn’t
repair it herself.
We
use have something done to say that we arrange for somebody else to
do something for us.
Compare:
*
Jill repaired the roof. (= she repaired it herself)
*
Jill had the roof repaired. (= she arranged for somebody else to
repair it)
Study
these sentences:
*
Did Ann make the dress herself or did she have it made?
*
‘Are you going to repair the car yourself?’ ‘No, I’m going to have it
repaired.’
Be
careful with word order. The past participle (repaired/cut etc.) is
after the object (the roof your hair etc.):
have
+ object + past participle
Jill
had the roof repaired yesterday.
Where
did you have your hair cut?
Your
hair looks nice. Have you had it cut?
Julia
has just had central heating installed in her house.
We
are having the house painted at the moment.
How
often do you have your car serviced?
I
think you should have that coat cleaned soon.
I
don’t like having my photograph taken.
B.
You can also say ‘get something done’ instead of ‘have something
done’ (mainly in informal spoken English):
*
When are you going to get the roof repaired? (= have the roof
repaired)
*
I think you should get your hair cut.
C.
Sometimes have something done has a different meaning. For example:
*
Jill and Eric had all their money stolen while they were on holiday.
Of
course this does not mean that they arranged for somebody to steal
their money. ‘They had all their money stolen’ means only: ‘All their
money was stolen from them.’
With
this meaning, we use have something done to say that something
happens to somebody or their belongings. Usually what happens is not
nice:
*
George had his nose broken in a fight.
*
Have you ever had your passport stolen?
EXERCISES
45.1
Tick (V) the correct sentence, (a) or (b), for each picture.
1.
SARAH
a
Sarah is cutting her hair.
b
Sarah is having her hair cut.
2.
BILL
a
Bill is cutting his hair.
b
Bill is having his hair cut.
3.
JOHN
a
John is cleaning his shoes.
b
John is having his shoes cleaned.
4.
SUE
a
Sue is taking a photograph.
b
Sue is having her photograph taken.
45.2
Why did you do these things? Answer using ‘have something done’. Use
one of these verbs:
clean
cut repair service
1.
Why did you take your car to the garage? _To have it serviced._
2.
Why did you take your jacket to the cleaner’s? To —
3.
Why did you take your watch to the jeweller’s? —
4.
Why did you go to the hairdresser? —
45.3
Write sentences in the way shown.
1.
Jill didn’t repair the roof herself. She _had it repaired._
2.
I didn’t cut my hair myself. I —
3.
They didn’t paint the house themselves. They —
4.
Sue didn’t make the curtains herself. —
45.4
Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use the
structure ‘have something done’.
1.
We _are having the house painted_ (the house/paint) at the moment.
2.
I lost my key. I’ll have to — (another key/make).
3.
When was the last time you — (your hair/cut)?
4.
You look different — (you/your hair/cut)?
5.
— (you/a newspaper/deliver) to your house or do you go to the shop
to buy one?
6.
A: What are those workmen doing in your garden?
B:
Oh, we — (a swimming pool/build).
7.
A: Can I see the photographs you took when you were on holiday?
B:
I’m afraid I — (not/the film/develop) yet.
8.
This coat is dirty. I must — (it/clean).
9.
If you want to wear earrings, why don’t you — (your ears/pierce)?
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Unit 44- Part A
Unit 44- Part B
I don’t like being …
The passive of doing/seeing etc. is being done / being seen etc. Compare:
active: I don’t like people telling me what to do.
passive: I don’t like being told what to do.
• I remember being taken to the zoo when I was a child. (= I remember somebody taking me to the zoo)
• Steve hates being kept waiting. (= he hates people keeping him waiting)
• We managed to climb over the wall without being seen. (= without anybody seeing us)
Unit 44- Part C
Unit 44- Part D
Get
You can use get instead of be in the passive:
• There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was hurt)
• I don’t often get invited to parties. (= I’m not often invited)
• I’m surprised Liz didn’t get offered the job. (= Liz wasn’t offered the job)
You can use get only when things happen. For example, you cannot use get in the following sentences:
• Jill is liked by everybody. (not gets liked – this is not a ‘happening’)
• He was a mystery man. Very little was known about him. (not got known)
We use get mainly in informal spoken English. You can use be in all situations.
We also use get in the following expressions (which are nor passive in meaning):
get married, get divorced
get lost (= not know where you are)
get dressed (= put on your clothes)
get changed (= change your clothes)
Exercises
{slide=1 Write these sentences in another way, beginning in the way shown.}
Write these sentences in another way, beginning in the way shown.
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 I was asked some difficult questions at the interview.
3 Linda was given a present by her colleagues when she retired.
4 I wasn’t told about the meeting.
5 How much will you be paid for your work?
6 I think Tom should have been offered the job.
7 Have you been shown what to do?{end-tooltip}
1 They didn’t give me the information I needed.
I wasn’t given the information I needed.
2 They asked me some difficult questions at the interview.
I ______________________________________
3 Linda’s colleagues gave her a present when she retired.
Linda ______________________________________
4 Nobody told me about the meeting.
I wasn’t ______________________________________
5 How much will they pay you for your work?
How much will you ______________________________________
6 I think they should have offered Tom the job.
I think Tom ______________________________________
7 Has anybody shown you what to do?
Have you ______________________________________ {/slide} {slide=2 Complete the sentences using being.}Complete the sentences using being + the following (in the correct form):
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 being invited
3 being given
4 being knocked down
5 being treated
6 being stuck{end-tooltip}
1 Steve hates being kept waiting.
2 We went to the party without ______________
3 I like giving presents and I also like ______________ them.
4 It’s a busy road and I don’t like crossing it. I’m afraid of ______________.
5 I’m an adult. I don’t like ______________ like a child.
6 You can’t do anything about ______________ in a traffic jam.{/slide} {slide=3 When were they born?}When were they born? Choose five of these people and write a sentence for each.
(Two of them were born in the same year.)
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2-6 Beethoven was born in 1770.
Agatha Christie was born in 1890.
Galileo was born in 1564.
Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869.
Martin Luther King was born in 1929.
Elvis Presley was born in 1935.
William Shakespeare was born in 1564.
7 I was born in …{end-tooltip}
| Beethoven Agatha Christie Walt Disney |
Galileo Mahatma Gandhi Martin Luther King |
Elvis Presley Leonardo da Vinci William Shakespeare |
1452 1869 1929 1564 1890 1935 1770 1901 |
{/xtypo_rounded3}
1 Walt Disney was born in 1901.
2 __________________________________
4 __________________________________
5 __________________________________
6 __________________________________
7 And you? I ________________________ {/slide} {slide=4 Complete the sentences using get/got.}Complete the sentences using get/got + the following verbs (in the correct form):
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 got stung
3 get used
4 got stolen
5 get paid
6 got stopped
7 get damaged
8 get asked{end-tooltip}
1 There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt .
2 Alex ___________ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
3 These tennis courts don’t ___________ very often. Not many people want to play.
4 I used to have a bicycle, but it ___________ a few months ago.
5 Rachel works hard but doesn’t ___________ very much.
6 Last night I ___________ by the police as I was driving home. One of the lights on my car wasn’t working.
7 Please pack these things very carefully. I don’t want them to ___________.
8 People often want to know what my job is. I often ___________ that question. {/slide}
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