Write one word which can be used in all three sentences many and many

Задания для подготовки к ВсОШ

Задания по грамматике для 9-11 классов

Время выполнения: 60 минут

Task 1. Write one word which can be used
in all three sentences.

1

I
hate to hold ______ the meeting.

The
terrorists tried to blow ______ the stadium.

You`d
better look this word ______ in a dictionary.

2

He
was afraid of being found ______.

You
can leave the cinnamon ______ of this recipe.

I
feel I should point ______ how important it is for our family.

3

I
put ______ a coat.

He
took too much ______ and failed.

Mary
is carrying ______ the family tradition by becoming a teacher.

4

They
made _____ when they heard a noise outside.

There
are a number of reasons why the dinosaurs began dying ______ 90 million years
ago.

You
need to turn ______ the main road.

5

The
20th century brought ______ revolutionary changes in technologies.

We`ve
been playing ______ with new ideas for our presentation.

Tell
your mum I was asking ______ her.

6

I
made ______ the story.

She
suddenly showed ______.

He
looked the phone number ______.

7

There
are a lot of rumors flying ______ about his company.

She
hasn`t come ______ from the operation yet.

The
teacher passed the textbooks ______.

8

Keep
______ trying.

Put
this dictionary ______ the shelf.

What`s
going ______?

9

He
put ______ his memories.

You
won`t let me ______, will you?

Turn
that noise ______, please.

10

We`re
moving ______ on Saturday.

I
fell ______ with my brother because he took my car without permission.

I
don`t feel like cooking tonight so let`s eat ______.

11

Do
you believe ______ God?

We
moved ______ London in 2001.

We
are playing football tonight, come and join ______.

12

Nobody
owned ______ to stealing the wallet.

The
situations is finally looking ______.

Can
you add ______ the total?

13

They
set ______ for Spain.

They
called ______ their wedding.

He`s
always showing ______ in the school.

14

Our
trip was amazing, and the hotel lived ______ to all our expectations.

I
don`t want to get ______ early tomorrow.

Phone
______ John and arrange a meeting, please.

15

I
need to sort ______ my books.

I
couldn`t make ______ what she was saying.

Watch
______ for tigers!

Task 2. Write one word in each gap.

1

Belgian
literature, taken ______ the widest sense of the term, falls into three
groups, consisting of works written respectively in Flemish, Walloon and
French.

2

The
earlier French writers born on what is now Belgian territory – e.g. Adenes le
Rois, Jean Froissart, Jean Lemaire des Belges and others — ______ included in
the general history of French Literature.

3

It
remains to consider the literature written ______ Belgians in French during
the 19th century, and its rapid development since the revolution
of 1831.

4

Belgian
writers were commonly charged with provincialism, but the prejudice ______
them has been destroyed by the brilliant writers of 1870-1880.

5

It
______ also asserted that Belgian French literature lacked a national basis,
and was merely a reflection of Parisian models.

6

The
most important section of it, however, has a distinctive quality of ______
own.

7

Many
of its most distinguished exponents are Flemings ______ birth, and their
writings reflect the characteristic Flemish scenery.

8

This
profoundly national character disengaged itself gradually, and has ______
more strikingly evident since 1870.

9

The
earlier writers of the century were content ______ follow French tradition.

10

The
events of 1830 – 1831 gave ______ great stimulus to Belgian letters, but the
country possessed writers of considerable merit before that date.

11

The
whole of this literature derived more or ______ from foreign sources, and,
with the exception of Charles de Coster and Octave Pirmez, produced no
striking figures.

12

Lemonnier
himself cannot ______ exclusively claimed by any of the conflicting schools
of young writers.

13

He
was by ______ naturalist, lyrist and symbolist; and it has been claimed that
the germs of all the later developments in Belgian letters may be traced in
his work.

14

The
quinquennial prize of literature had been refused to his UN MALE, and the
younger generation of artists and men of letters gave him a banquet which was
recognized ______ a protest against the official literature.

15

He
was well known as an advocate in Brussels, and made a considerable
contribution ______ jurisprudence as the chief writer of the Pandectes
belges
.

Task 3. Read the text
below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some
have an extra word. Tick (v) the sentences that are correct. If a line has a
word which should not be there, write the word down.

1

John
Bell, American political leader, was born near Nashville, at Tennessee, on
the 15th of February 1797.

2

He
graduated at the university of Nashville in 1814, and in 1817 was elected to
the state senate, but retiring after one term, he devoted himself for ten
years to the study and the practice of the law.

3

From
1827 until 1841 he was a member of the national House of Representatives, of
which from June 1834 to March 1835 he was the speaker, and in which he was
been conspicuous as a debater and a conservative leader.

4

Though
he entered political life as a Democrat, he became estranged from his party`s
leader, President Jackson, also a Tennessean, and after 1835 was one of the
leaders of the Whig party in the South.

5

In
March 1841 he became the secretary of war in President Harrison`s cabinet,
but in the September, after the death of Harrison and the rupture between the
Whig leaders and President Tyler, he resigned this position.

6

Strongly
conservative by temperament and devoted to the Union, he ardently desired to
prevent the threatened secession of the Southern states in 1860, and was the
candidate, by for the presidency, of the Constitutional Union Party, often
called from the names of its candidates for the presidency and the
vice-presidency (Edward Everett) the “Bell and Everett Party”, which was made
up largely of former Whigs and Southern “Know-Nothings”, opposed
sectionalism, and strove to prevent the disruption of the union.

7

The
party adopted no platform, and discarding all other issues, resolved that “it
is both the part of patriotism and of duty to recognize no political other
than the constitution of the country, the union of the states, and the
enforcement of the laws.”

8

Bell
was defeated, but received a popular vote of 587,830 (mostly cast in the
Southern states), and if obtained the electoral votes of Virginia, Kentucky
and Tennessee – 30 altogether, out of a total of 303.

9

Bell
tried earnestly to prevent the secession of his own state, but after than the
issue of President Lincoln`s proclamation of the 15th of April
1861 calling on the various states for volunteers, his efforts were
unavailing, and when Tennessee joined the Confederacy Bell “went with his
state.”

10

He
took no part in the Civil War, and died on the 10th of the
September 1869.

Task 4. Complete the
second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Do not change the word given. Use from three to six words.

1

He
regrets not having gone to college.

wishes

He
______ to college.

2

My
cousin was too short to be a football player.

not

My
cousin ______ to be a football player.

3

They
aren`t repainting the wall until Sunday.

being

The
wall ______ until Sunday.

4

Mike
was the only person who didn`t enjoy the match.

apart

Everyone
enjoyed the match ______ .

5

It`s
clear that he wrote the book himself.

must

He
______ the book himself.

6

John
had just reached the house when it began to snow.

than

No
sooner ______ it began to snow.

7

He
behaved stupidly in the classroom.

beyond

His
______ our comprehension.

8

You
may not have noticed but we are not going to school on Saturdays this year.

escaped

It
______ notice but we are not going to school on Saturdays this year.

9

I
very rarely go to the cinema at weekends.

hardly

I
______ the cinema at weekends.

10

After
I graduate, I`d like to become a teacher.

ambition

It
______ a teacher after I graduate.

Задания по
лексике для 9-11 классов

Время
выполнения: 60 минут

Task 1. Complete
the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals
.

The sense of beauty has a
more important place in life than aesthetic theory has ever taken in
philosophy. The plastic arts, with poetry and music, are the most conspicuous
monuments of this human interest, because they appeal only to 1) ________ (CONTEMPLATE)
, and yet have attracted to their service, in all civilized ages, an amount of
effort, genius, and honour, little inferior to that given to industry, war, or
religion. The fine arts, however, where aesthetic feeling appears almost pure,
are by no means the only sphere in which men show their susceptibility to
beauty. In all products of human industry we notice the 2) ________ (KEEN)
with which the eye is attracted to the mere 3) ________ (APPEAR) of
things: great sacrifices of time and labour are made to it in the most vulgar
manufactures; nor does man select his dwelling, his clothes, or his companions
without 4) ________ (REFER) to their effect on his aesthetic senses. Of
late we have even learned that the forms of many animals are due to the 5)
________ (SURVIVE) by selection  of the colours and forms most  6)
________ (ATTRACT) to the eye. There must therefore be in our nature a
very radical and wide-spread tendency to observe beauty, and to value it. No
account of the principles of the mind can be all adequate that passes over so
conspicuous a faculty.

The aesthetic theory has
received so little attention from the world is not due to the 7) ________ (IMPORTANT)
of the subject of which it treats, but rather to lack of an adequate motive for
speculating upon it, and to the small success of the 8) ________ (OCCASION)
efforts to deal with it. Absolute 9) ________ (CURIOUS), and love of
comprehension for its own sake, are not passions we have much leisure to
indulge: they require not only 10) _______ (FREE) from affairs but, what
is more rare, from prepossessions and from the hatred of all ideas that do not
make for the 11) ________ (HABIT) goal of our thought.

Now, what has chiefly
maintained such 12) ________ (SPECULATE) as the world has seen has been
either 13) ________ (THEOLOGY) passion or practical use.

All we find, for example,
written about beauty may be divided into two groups: that group of writings in
which philosophers have interpreted aesthetic facts in the light of their
metaphysical principles, and made of their theory of taste a corollary or
footnote to their systems; and that group in which artists and critics have
ventured into philosophic ground, by generalizing somewhat the maxims of the
craft or the comments of the sensitive observer. A 14) ________ (TREAT)
of the subject at once direct and theoretic has been very rare: the problems of
nature and morals have attracted the reasoners, and the description and
creation of beauty have absorbed the artists between the two reflection upon
aesthetic experience has remained abortive of 15) ________ (COHERENT).

Task 2. Solve anagram
puzzles. There are 2 extra letters for each word, which you do not have to use

1

Liverpool
Football Club is a professional ______ football club based in Liverpool,
Merseyside, England.

OIANUASSTIYOC

2

They compete in
the Premier League, the top ______ of English football.

RETIEF

3

The club has won
5 European Cups, 3 UEFA Cups, 3 UEFA Super Cups, 18 League ______, 7 FA Cups,
a record 8 League Cups, and 15 FA Community Shields.

TSDITSLE

4

The club was
founded in 1892 and ______ the Football League the following year.

JDEIOIEN

5

Liverpool
established itself as a major force in both English and European football
during the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley led the club to
11 League titles and seven European _______.

RTOIEPHSOK

6

Under the
management of Rafa Benitez and captained by Steven Gerrard Liverpool became
European champion for the fifth time, winning the 2005 UEFA Champions League
______ against Milan in spite of being 3-0 down at half time.

ALFIEYN

7

Liverpool was
the ninth highest-earning football club in the world for 2014-2015, with an
annual ______ of €391 million, and the world`s eighth most valuable football
club in 2016, valued at 1,55 billion.

VEREWAENU

8

The club holds
many long-standing rivalries, most notably the North West ______ against
Manchester United.

BYDYUER

9

The team changed
from red shirts and white ______ to an all-red home strip in 1964 which has
been used ever since.

TSBORFSH

10

The club`s
______ is “You`ll Never Walk Alone”.

EMANTHDY

Task 3. For items 1-10,
choose a word from the box to fill in the gaps in the sentences. The meaning of
the word is given in brackets.

(A)
ankle,
(B)
arm, (C) back, (D) chest, (E) ear, (F) elbow,
(G)
eye, (H) face, (I) finger, (J) foot, (K)
hair, (L) hand, (M) head, (N) heart, (O) knee,
(P)
leg, (Q) lip, (R) mouth, (S) neck, (T) nose,
(U)
shoulder, (V) throat, (W) thumb, (X) toe, (Y) tooth,
(Z)
wrist

1.
I don`t know how they have the … to charge that much! (a confident
attitude that makes you able to do unreasonable or shocking things without
feeling embarrassed
).

2.
There were several unsuccessful attempts to climb the North … of Mount Everest
(a steep vertical surface or side).

3.
The new factory will give the local economy a much needed shot in the … (a
boost or act of encouragement
).

4.
A disagreement about the boundaries is at the … of the dispute (the
central part of a problem
).

5.
My daughter has a sweet … . She loves candies and ice cream (to love
sweet food
).

6.
The symbol was painted on each side of plane`s … (the pointed front end
of a plane
).

7.
Judges who … their noses at presidents are thought to be good for democracy (to
show no respect
).

8.
Ann realized that she had to … the line if she wanted to keep her job (to
do what you are ordered or expected to do
)
.

9.
He was afraid to put his … in his mouth, so he decided to keep silent (to
make a tactless remark
).

10.
I picked up a hammer and hit the … of the nail as hard as I could (the
larger end of a nail
).

Task 4. Use the clues below to complete
the grid.

1

C

2

O

3

M

4

P

5

E

6

T

7

I

8

T

9

I

10

O

11

N

Clues

1

________
 kick is a way of moving your straight legs quickly up and down
in opposite directions, used when you are doing the crawl (swimming)

2

one- ________ race
is a race or competition that only one of the competitors has a real chance
of winning

3

________
tournament is a competition in which only the winners of each
stage play in the next stage, until one competitor or team is the final
winner

4

________
night
is a night when games in the Champions League are being played
(football)

5

________
match is a testimonial match

6

________
contest is a competition in which women are judged on how
physically attractive they are

7

________
card is someone who is allowed to take part in a competition,
even though they have not achieved this in the usual way

8

________
match is another game between the same teams or players

9

________
league is a league of professional baseball teams that plays
below the highest level

10

18-yard ________ is the
area surrounded by white lines in front of the goal (football)

11

first ________ is the
best players in a club, who are regularly chosen to play in a particular
position unless they are injured (cricket)

Task 5. For questions 1-10, think of one
word only which can be used in all three sentences.

1

Don`t
worry – the numbness from the injection will ________ off after about an
hour.

Sportsmen
________ out a pair of running shoes every three months.

All
the streets and extra travel is beginning to ________ him down.

2

Please
________ the terrible state of this room. I haven`t had time to tidy it up.

I
know that she`s under a lot of pressure, but nothing can ________ her
terrible behaviour.

Would
you ________ me for a moment – I need to leave the room and make a phone
call.

3

He
was going to _______ to us the events which led to his escape.

The
series is very popular because viewers can ________ to the main characters in
it.

The
examples given here don`t ________ to my personal experience.

4

Could
you give me a ________ with this suitcase?

I
picked up a book that happened to lie at ________ and read a few pages.

Could
you help me ________ out the copies, please? Make sure every student gets
one.

5

The
latest ________ of the magazine includes interviews with all sorts of
celebrities.

This
is a very important ________ and we should discuss it seriously.

When
she decided to leave the job, money wasn`t the ________ — she left because of
the hours.

6

After
long negotiations, they ________ the dispute without going to a court of law.

We
looked at lots of apartments to rent and finally we ________ on this one.

My
family moved to Canada and ________ in Toronto many years ago.

7

Could
you ________ me at the next corner? I can walk from here.

The
temperature tends to ________ sharply at night at this time of year.

 I
think we should ________ this subject before we have a big argument about it.

8

Will
you ________ to the holiday arrangements?

I`m
afraid I can`t ________ you off at the airport.

Let
me ________ — I think we can talk to the manager about your complaint.

9

Is
there anything of ______ on the news?

It
is not in your ________ to leave the company now.

We
had to pay a very high _______ rate on the loan from the bank.

10

I`m
going to ________ her to a special meal in an expensive restaurant for her
birthday.

Paul
is an unpopular boss because he tends to _________ his employees very badly.

The
doctors are sure that it`s the best medicine to ________ her illness.

Задания на
оценку знаний культурных реалий

 для 9-11 классов

Время выполнения: 60 минут

Task 1. Match the items
1-15 to the phenomena A-O. There are some extra phenomena which do not match.

1.
King Edward VIII

2.
Andy Warhol

3.
Prince Albert

4.
the Ashmolean

5.
fish and chips

6.
Pride and Prejudice

7.
The Smithsonian

8.
The Royal Pavilion

9.
Mount Rushmore

10.
The Armada

11.
teddy
bear

12.The
Canterbury Tales

13.
Christopher Columbus

14.
The
Martian Chronicles

15.
Levi
Strauss

A)
a meal consisting of fish covered with batter (a mixture of flour and milk)
and cooked in oil, served with thin pieces of potato also cooked in oil

B)
a large group of different museums and scientific institutions in Washington,
D.C.

C)
a soft toy in the shape of a bear called so in honour of an American
President

D)
a building in an original and unusual oriented style built in Brighton for
the Prince of Wales, who later became George IV

E)
an immigrant from Bavaria who first started selling denim pants to gold
miners

F)
It took the sculptor and his son 14 years to finish the unprecedented
monument in South Dakota.

G)
He made the popular imagery of everyday objects into art, he portrayed
American popular idols like Elvis Presley and Merlyn Monroe.

H)
The novel deals with the conflict between humans colonizing the red planet
and the native creatures they encountered there.

I)
His 11-month-reign was followed by his abdication in order to marry American
divorcee Wallis Simpson.

J)
The 14th century poet wrote a collection of stories told by a
group of pilgrims on their way to the town.

K)
a famous collection of ancient history and archeology in Oxford which also
contains paintings, jewellery and historical documents

L)
The invasion that came after years of growing tension between England and
Spain.

M)
His untimely death devastated Queen Victoria. A lasting memorial to him was
open 10 years after in Kensington Gardens.

N)
This
novel describes the everyday life of people in the upper-middle class circles
and the only role of a woman of that class to find a rich husband.

O)
The
king and queen of Spain sponsored him to sail west.

Task 2. Match the two
columns.

PROVERB

ORIGIN

1.
Beware of Greek bearing gifts.

A.
Alexander Pope

2.
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

B.
the Bible

3.
A watched pot never boils.

C.
Benjamin Franklin

4.
Better late than never.

D.
Lord Acton

5.
All`s well that ends well.

E.
John Heywood

6.
Absolute power corrupts absolutely.

F.
the Code of Hammurabi

7.
Blood is thicker than water.

G.
William Shakespeare

8.
A leopard cannot change its spots.

H.
Geoffery Chaucer

9.
An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.

I.
Aeneid

10.
A fool`s paradise.

J.
Sir Walters Scott

Task 3. Match the two
columns. (British cities nicknames)

BRITISH CITY

NICKNAME

1.
Cambridge

A.
City of Arcades

2.
Cardiff

B.
The Maiden City

3.
Aberdeen

C.
The City

4.
Derry

D.
The City of Dreaming Spires

5.
Edinburgh

E.
Cottonopolis

6.
Glasgow

F.
The Fair City

7.
London

G.
City of Perspiring Dreams

8.
Manchester

H.
Athens of the North

9.
Oxford

I.
Energy Capital of Europe

10.
Perth

J.
Dear Green Place

Task 4. Match the two columns.

1.
“Birthplace of America”

2.
Denali National Park

3.
Empire State Building

4.
Golden Gate Bridge

5.
Kilauea

6.
NASA Houston Space Center

7.
Niagara Falls

8.
The Grand Canyon

9.
White House

10.
Yellowstone National Park

Alaska

Arizona

California

Hawaii

Maine

Massachusetts

New
York

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Washington
DC

Wyoming

Task 5. Match these dates
with the event in British history.

BCE
– Before Common Era

CE
– Common Era

1. 
3000
BCE

A.
Construction
begins on Hadrian`s wall after visit by Emperor Hadrian to Britain

2. 
55
BCE

B. 
Boudica
leads revolt of the Iceni

3. 
60-61
CE

C. 
Vikings
establish a naval base at Dublin (the origin of the city)

4. 
122-123
CE

D.
Cnut
of Denmark becomes king in the Danelaw portion of England

5. 
633
CE

E.
 William
of Normandy becomes King of England

6. 
841
CE

F. 
First
stage of Stonehenge is built

7. 
1014
CE

G. 
Baronial
revolt forces John to sign the Magna Carta

8. 
1066
CE

H. 
Robert
the Bruce begins his rebellion against Edward I

9. 
1215
CE

I. 
Roman
general Julius Caesar mounts the invasion of Britain

10.
1306
CE

J. 
Battle
of Hatfield: Edwin of Northumbria killed by British King Cadwallon of Gwynedd

Task 6. Match the
columns.

MOTTO

1. 
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology

A.
Mind
and hand

2. 
Australian
National University  

B.
The
wind of freedom blows

3. 
Cambridge
University

C.
Truth

4
Cornell University

D.
From
here, light and sacred draughts

5. 
Harvard
University

E.
The Lord is my Light

6. 
Imperial
College London

F.
Let
knowledge grow from more and more; and so be human life enriched.

7. 
Oxford
University

G.
I
would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study

8. 
Stanford
University

H.
Light
and truth

9. 
University
of Chicago

I.
Knowledge
is the adornment and protection of the Empire.

10.Yale
University

J.
First
to learn the nature of things

Литература:

Гулов А.П.
Olympway. Интегральный сборник заданий по английскому языку.-М: МЦНМО,
2018.-392с.

Ключи

Грамматика:
9-11 классы

Task
1

1

up

2

out

3

on

4

off

5

about

6

up

7

around

8

on

9

down

10

out

11

in

12

up

13

off

14

up

15

out

Task 2

1

in

2

are

3

by

4

against

5

was

6

its

7

by

8

been

9

to

10

a

11

less

12

be

13

turns

14

as

15

to

Task 3

1

at

2

v

3

been

4

v

5

the

6

by

7

v

8

if

9

than

10

the

Task 4

1

wishes
he had gone

2

was
not tall enough

3

is
not being repainted

4

apart
from mike

5

must
have written

6

had
John reached the house than

7

behavior/
behaviour in the classroom was beyond

8

may/might
have escaped your

9

hardly
ever go to

10

is
my ambition to become

Ключи

Лексика: 9-11 классы

Task 1

1

contemplation

2

keenness

3

appearance

4

reference

5

survival

6

attractive

7

unimportance

8

occasional

9

curiosity

10

freedom

11

habitual

12

speculation

13

theological

14

treatment

15

incoherent

Task 2

1

association

2

tier

3

titles

4

joined

5

trophies

6

final

7

revenue

8

Derby

9

shorts

10

anthem

Task 3

1

S

2

H

3

B

4

N

5

Y

6

T

7

W

8

X

9

J

10

M

Task 4

1

scissor

2

horse

3

elimination

4

European

5

benefit

6

beauty

7

wild

8

return

9

minor

10

box

11

eleven

Task 5

1

wear

2

excuse

3

relate

4

hand

5

issue

6

settled

7

drop

8

see

9

interest

10

treat

Ключи

Оценка
знаний культурных реалий: 9-11 классов

Task 1

1

I

2

G

3

M

4

K

5

A

6

N

7

B

8

D

9

F

10

L

11

C

12

J

13

O

14

H

15

E

Task 2

1

I

2

A

3

C

4

H

5

E

6

D

7

J

8

B

9

F

10

G

Task 3

1

G

2

A

3

I

4

B

5

H

6

J

7

C

8

E

9

D

10

F

Task 4

1

Pennsylvania

2

Alaska

3

New
York

4

California

5

Hawaii

6

Texas

7

New
York

8

Arizona

9

Washington
DC

10

Wyoming

Task 5

1

F

2

I

3

B

4

A

5

J

6

C

7

D

8

E

9

G

10

H

Task 6

1

A

2

J

3

D

4

G

5

C

6

I

7

E

8

B

9

F

10

H

A. Circle the correct word.

 Don’t be so optimistic / pessimistic. Everything’s going to be fine, you’ll see!

 Most newspapers are usually biased / prejudiced towards a certain political outlook.

 I’m slightly dubious / cynical about whether Sean’s idea is going to work.

 To suggest that it’s possible to create a society without crime is a little naïve / sceptical, isn’t it?

 The only ingenious / plausible explanation I can think of is that Jenna got the dates wrong.

 Please don’t baffle / discriminate me with loads of technical terminology. Use plain, simple English!

 It’s not always easy to assume / assess someone’s suitability for a job just by talking to them in a short interview.

 How can the government justify / speculate spending so much on the armed forces?

 Looking at the damage, I would estimate / deduce that the painting will cost at least €2,000 to restore properly.

10   I don’t think you should reflect / presume that lots of people are going to help you with this project.

Answers

1 pessimistic   2 biased   3 dubious   4 naïve   5 plausible

6 baffle   7 assess   8 justify   9 estimate   10 presume

B. Complete using the correct form of the words in the box. More than one word might fit in each gap, but try to use all the words.

concentrate • consider • contemplate • deliberate • gather • grasp • ponder • reckon • suppose

1   It took me quite a long time to ……………………. what the aim of the game was.

2   The jury are still ……………………., but they’re expected to reach a verdict soon.

3   I ……………………. from your tutor that you’re thinking of changing course.

4   You really have to ……………………. very hard when you are doing calligraphy.

5   I’m seriously ……………………. asking for a pay rise tomorrow.

6   How long do you ……………………. it’ll take to get to Manchester?

7   I don’t ……………………. I could borrow your lecture notes this weekend, could I?

8   If you’ve ever ……………………. the question ‘Why does the universe bother to exist?’, then this is the book for you.

9   Let’s not even ……………………. the possibility of failure.

Answers

1 grasp   2 deliberating   3 gather   4 concentrate

5 considering/contemplating   6 reckon/suppose

7 suppose   8 pondered/considered/contemplated

9 contemplate/consider

C. Each of the words in bold is in the wrong sentence. Write the correct words on the lines.

1   I’m in a real hunch because I’ve been invited to two parties on Saturday and I don’t know which one to go to. …………………….

2   Dave said he’s got complete guesswork in us, and thinks we’re going to do a great job. …………………….

3   Sarah’s a/an intuition when it comes to astrophysics, but she’s not very practical in everyday things. …………………….

4   You often need to use a little educated notion when you’re starting a cryptic crossword. …………………….

5   I’ve got a/an ideology that someone in this office is going to get promoted soon. …………………….

6   Communism and capitalism are very different types of dilemma. …………………….

7   Who gave you the faith for the main character in the book? …………………….

8   Detective Tacker had absolutely no evidence that Roddard was involved, but all his paradox told him that he was. …………………….

9   I’ve got a small inspiration about the exam syllabus. Should I talk to Mrs Jacobs about it? …………………….

10   Paying mothers a salary to raise their children is an interesting genius. …………………….

11   The fact that more people would come here if the place wasn’t so crowded is a real query. …………………….

Answers

1 dilemma   2 faith   3 genius   4 guesswork   5 hunch/intuition

6 ideology   7 inspiration   8 intuition   9 query   10 notion

11 paradox

D. Choose the correct word.

Letter to the editor

The Prime Minister’s comments yesterday on education spending miss the point, as the secondary education system also needs a major overhaul. Firstly, the system only views the weakest learners as having special (1) ………………… . The brightest and most (2) ………………… students are not encouraged to develop to their full potential. Secondly, there’s too much testing and not enough learning. My fifteen-year-old daughter for example, has just spent the last month or so (3) ………………… for exams. These aren’t even real, important exams, as her GCSEs will be next year They’re just (4) ………………… exams. Is the work she’s been doing really going to make her more (5) ………………… about her subjects, or will she forget it all tomorrow? I suspect the latter.

Thirdly, the standard (6) ………………… doesn’t give students any (7) ………………… in developing practical work-related, living and social skills, or in skills necessary for higher education. How many students entering university have the first idea what the difference is between (8) ………………… someone else’s work and making good use of someone else’s ideas? Shouldn’t they have been taught this at school? How many of them are really able to go about (9) ………………… – a skill that’s essential at university because there are no teachers to tell you what to do – in an efficient way? Indeed, how many students (10) ………………… from university totally unable to spell even simple English words correctly? The system is letting our children down.

1     A requests              B desires         C needs                      D wants

2     A inattentive          B ignorant       C intensive                 D conscientious

3     A cramming           B lecturing      C reading                    D practising

4     A false                     B mock             C fake                         D artificial

5     A knowledgeable  B intellectual   C academic                D intelligent

6     A timetable            B lecture          C seminar                   D curriculum

7     A lesson                  B subject         C tuition                      D tutorial

8     A writing                 B going over   C plagiarising             D repeating

9     A reviewing            B revision        C distance learning   D self-study

10   A qualify                 B graduate      C depart                      D exit

Answers

1 C   2 D   3 A   4 B   5 A   6 D   7 C   8 C   9 D   10 B

E. Match to make sentences.

 I’m going to have to mull this

 Detectives are still trying to piece

 It took him a very long time to take

 Tell us how you hit

 It took us ages to figure

 I’ve just thought

 I’m not sure we’ve thought

 together exactly what happened that evening.

 in the fact that he’d never see her again.

 up a brilliant excuse to tell Rachel.

 over for a while before I make a final decision.

E   this through properly yet.

F   out how to get everyone to the sports centre without Phil knowing.

 upon such a great idea for a website.

Answers

1 D   2 A   3 B    4 G   5 F   6 C   7 E

F. Write one word in each gap so that each second sentence has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1   I need to consider your offer very carefully before I make a decision.

      I need to ………………. over your offer very carefully before I make a decision.

2   Lee had the brilliant idea of booking a clown for the end-of-term party.

      Lee came ………………. ………………. the brilliant idea of booking a clown for the end-of-term party.

 It’s time you realised that you’ve got responsibilities now.

      It’s time you faced ………………. ………………. the fact that you’ve got responsibilities now.

 I’m going to have to improve my spoken German before I go to Munich.

      I’m going to have to brush ………………. ………………. my spoken German before I go to Munich.

 I didn’t like the idea at first but now I do.

      I didn’t like the idea at first but I’ve ………………. round ………………. it now.

 It’s a general knowledge quiz so you can’t do any revision for it.

      There’s nothing to swot ………………. ………………. as it’s a general knowledge quiz.

7   We were right at the back of the hall so I couldn’t hear what the speaker was saying.

      I was unable to ………………. out what the speaker was saying because we were right at the back of the hall.

8   We finally thought of a way to get the band into the hotel without the press knowing.

      We finally puzzled ………………. a way to get the band into the hotel without the press knowing.

9   I’ve found out a lot of information about the history of English language teaching recently.

      I’ve been ………………. up on the history of English language teaching recently.

Answers

1 think   2 up    with   3 up    to   4 up    on

5 come    to   6 up    on   7 make   8 out

9 reading

G. Phrasal verbs with out, such as puzzle out, are often connected to the idea of finding information. Which of these phrasal verbs with out are also connected to this idea?

1   Did you find out what time the parents’ meeting is?

2   I’ve been checking out whether it’s better to go by ferry or plane.

3   Susie reckons she’s sussed out a great way to get into the club for free.

4   We all piled out into the playground.

5   I can’t figure out how to change my password.

6   The band were completely drowned out by all the screaming fans.

7   I’m going to sound Bob out about his investing in the company.

8   Two essays really do stand out from the rest.

9   Jan’s good at keeping secrets, so you’ll have to worm it out of her!

10   None of us could fathom out why the experiment wasn’t working.

H. Write one word in each gap.

1   Jim seems to be ………………. the misapprehension that tomorrow’s a holiday. It isn’t.

2   These findings cast doubt ………………. previous research done in this field.

3   This photo’s a little ………………. of focus, but you can still see their faces.

4   Look ………………. the bright side – it’s nearly the end of term.

5   I’m not against animal testing ………………. principle.

6   I think I’ll always associate this song ………………. our holiday in Majorca.

7   You have to bear ………………. mind that there’ll be quite a few children there.

8   Where did Susan’s belief ………………. reincarnation come from?

9   Dad said that my borrowing the car tonight was ………………. of the question.

10   Hearing the news about Caroline put my small problems ………………. perspective.

11   What’s the best course of action from your point ………………. view?

12   You were hired ………………. the basis that you would be able to work on Sundays.

13   ………………. balance, I think the government’s doing a reasonable job.

14   We haven’t taken Julie’s thoughts ………………. account at all.

15   ………………. conclusion, I’d like to thank everyone who supported me during the early years.

Answers

1 under   2 on   3 out   4 on   5 in   6 with   7 in   8 in

9 out   10 into   11 of   12 on   13 On   14 into   15 In

I. For each question, write one word which can be used in all three sentences.

1   I was so tired that I couldn’t even think ……………………… .

      I’ll come ……………………… to the point – you’re fired!

      It’s time to set the record ……………………… about what really happened that night.

2   She’s only eight, but she has the ……………………… age of an 18-year-old.

      Many ……………………… illnesses can be cured these days.

      I’m not very good at ……………………… arithmetic.

3   Philip does a very funny ……………………… of Tony.

      You really made an ……………………… on Pete – he hasn’t stopped talking about you!

      Why was I under the ……………………… that the exam was on Thursday?

4   Carter was the ……………………… behind the whole criminal operation.

      Could I just pick your ……………………… about good places to eat around here?

      We sat there racking our ……………………… trying to think of a place to take Paul and Doug in the evening.

 Someone with no ……………………… of smell can’t taste food well either.

      I can’t make ……………………… of this film at all – what’s going on?

      Unplugging a toaster before you try to fix it is just common ………………………, isn’t it?

 I thought Gordon’s new invention wouldn’t work at all, but in fact it worked like a ……………………… .

      Winning a cruise on the Queen Mary was a ……………………… come true for me and Albert.

      I’ve had the same recurring ……………………… for four nights in a row.

 Motorists should always show ……………………… for pedestrians crossing the street at a zebra crossing.

      I’ll give some ……………………… to your proposals and get back to you.

      We stupidly didn’t take changes in interest rates into ……………………… when we got a mortgage for our house.

Answers

1 straight   2 mental   3 impression   4 brains

5 sense   6 dream   7 consideration

J. Write one word in each gap.

I read this week that a new organisation called Don’t Trust Online Information has been formed. The founder, Douglas Haverford-West, is quoted as saying, ‘It’s (1) ………………… my principles to trust anything I read on the Internet. I’ve started this organisation (2) ………………… the belief that there are millions like me who (3) ………………… their doubts about information presented as fact that has not gone through a thorough editorial process. There’s no question (4) ………………… us shutting down the Internet – we don’t want to do that – but DTOI has been set up with a (5) ………………… to raising awareness.’ I sympathise with Haverford-West, but I believe he’s wrong. I made up my (6) ………………… long ago not to completely trust anything I heard or read. Whether it’s on the Internet or, say, in a newspaper, is irrelevant in my opinion.

Answers

1 against   2 in   3 have   4 of   5 view   6 mind

K. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.

1   I never thought that we’d have legal problems. crossed

      It ……………………………….. that we’d have legal problems.

2   I’ve decided that teaching is not the right profession for me. conclusion

      I’ve ……………………………….. that teaching is not the right profession for me.

3   Could you tell me where you were last night, Mr Johnson? account

      Could you ……………………………….. your whereabouts last night, Mr Johnson?

4   The journalist pretended that she was a parent of one of the children. false

      The journalist ……………………………….. that she was a parent of one of the children.

5   You have to use logic and lateral thinking in equal measure in this job. strike

      You have to ……………………………….. logic and lateral thinking in this job.

6   I didn’t tell Angie because I didn’t want to hurt Eddie’s feelings. consideration

      I didn’t tell Angie ……………………………….. Eddie.

Answers

 never crossed my mind

 come to/arrived at/reached the conclusion

 give an account of

 gave the false impression

 strike a balance between

 out of consideration for

L. Complete using the words in the box.

bell • bend • dark • hairs • head • leg • stock • two • uptake • what • wits • wood

 The name Alan Hickson rings a …………………, but I can’t place him.

 Stop wasting time splitting ………………… and look at the big picture.

 Ask Simon about the sales targets. He always knows what’s ………………… .

 You’ve got to have your ………………… about you to succeed in advertising.

 Don’t let success go to your …………………, will you?

 No one told us that Diana was leaving, but we all put two and ………………… together.

 I’m going to go round the ………………… if they don’t turn that music down soon.

 Let’s take ………………… of the situation before we make a final decision.

 How did they manage to keep me completely in the ………………… about this for so long?

10   The problem with Jane is that sometimes she can’t see the ………………… for the trees.

11   It took Dan a long time to understand what was going on. He’s usually quicker on the ………………… than that, isn’t he?

12   Frankly, you’re completely wrong and you haven’t got a ………………… to stand on.

Answers

1 bell   2 hairs   3 what   4 wits   5 head   6 two

7 bend   8 stock   9 dark   10 wood   11 uptake   12 leg

M. Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals.

1   There was quite a bit of ………………….. because the examiner handed out the wrong exam papers. CONFUSE

 You’re acting completely ………………….. . Just calm down and pull yourself together. RATIONAL

 Einstein’s ………………….. went unnoticed at school. BRILLIANT

 This is generally considered to be the ………………….. guide to Australia. DEFINE

 It’s absolutely ………………….. why the council decided to close down the youth club. EXPLAIN

 I just stood there and listened in ………………….. as Ben told me the news. BELIEVE

 Greg’s ………………….. to say the least, so I wouldn’t ask him to choose a hotel. DECIDE

 Many children create ………………….. friends to talk to. IMAGINE

 He was found not guilty by reason of ………………….. and so was sent to a mental institution rather than prison. SANE

10   Your argument is ………………….. . Just because you want me to be a doctor doesn’t mean I want to be one. LOGIC

Answers

1 confusion   2 irrationally   3 brilliance   4 definitive

5 inexplicable   6 disbelief   7 indecisive   8 imaginary

9 insanity   10 illogical

N. The prefix ii-, as in illogical, is often used to make a positive word negative. Which of the words in bold in the following sentences are negative forms of positive words?

1   Doctors’ handwriting is usually illegible.

2   There’s a beautiful illustration on page six.

3   People who are illiterate may need some help filling in forms.

4   She had an illustrious career as a local politician.

5   It’s a totally illiberal law that’s just going to restrict our freedoms further.

6   Several senior politicians have resigned over the illegality of the war.

7   Illegitimate children were given very little social recognition in the past.

8   The magician didn’t really cut his assistant in two – it was only an illusion.

9   The lights illuminated the building beautifully at night.

O. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space.

Rhetoric

The (1) ………………… (CONCEIVE) of ‘rhetoric’, or effective public speaking, dates back thousands of years. The underlying (2) ………………… (ASSUME) behind rhetoric is that how you present an argument can greatly influence whether people are persuaded by you or not. There is (3) ………………… (DOUBT) plenty of evidence to support this idea – it’s practically (4) ………………… (THINK), for example, for a successful politician to be a poor communicator – but is it just a question of style winning over substance?

Certainly, it is often said of politicians that they talk complete (5) ………………… (SENSE) but what they say they say with such (6) ………………… (CONVINCE) that we tend to believe them, at least when they’re in opposition. On the other hand, (7) ………………… (WISE) and knowledge are of little value if you cannot communicate them effectively to your peers or to the next generation. It is the combination of clear (8) ………………… (REASON), sound (9) ………………… (JUDGE) and effective presentation and communication skills that defines true rhetoric. A true rhetorician should always come across as knowledgeable, and never as (10) ………………… (OPINION) or ignorant.

Answers

1 concept   2 assumption   3 undoubtedly/doubtless

4 unthinkable   5 nonsense   6 conviction   7 wisdom

8 reasoning   9 judg(e)ment   10 opinionated

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From the list below, supply the words needed to complete the paragraph. Some words will not be used.

 bilious  milieu  hegira  halcyon  garner  paradigm  blandishment  malapropism  necromancy  fastidious begin{array}{llll}text { bilious } & text { milieu } & text { hegira } & text { halcyon } \ text { garner } & text { paradigm } & text { blandishment } & text { malapropism } \ text { necromancy } & text { fastidious } & & end{array}

It took eight years for Megan to _____ the materials that she needed to make her front lawn the _____ of landscape design. Though she is _____ about maintaining the lawn, she never allows herself to become _____ when the neighbor’s playful children accidentally trample some of the flowers. The children always apologized, and the younger girl’s darling use of the _____ «scrubbers» instead of «shrubs» made her far too adorable to scold. Deep down, Megan didn’t care what people thought of her yard; she didn’t construct it to receive the _____ of other gardeners. Megan just wanted a[n] _____ place in which she could relax or entertain guests. She also thought that the natural _____ would inspire her writing. When Megan wasn’t working on her verdant courtyard, she was typing the manuscript for her first fantasy novel, a tale of sorcerers, goblins, and _____.

Problem B. Use of English

Statement

Task 1

Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals.

1. ____________ to me, he had rented out the apartment while I was away.
(KNOW)
2.Part of the problem in recent years has been the _______________ of the importance of history among our political leaders.
(AWARE)
3.Teachers and other professionals are taking part in a campaign to eradicate _____________.
(LITERATE)
4.The _______ of these securities may negatively affect our ability to sell them.
(LIQUID)
5.Due to adverse weather conditions, the trains were _______ delayed.
(AVOID)
6.The accountants have spent a lot of money on ___________ legal costs.
(COVER)
7.His ______________ soul knows nothing of the anxieties of the spiritual mind.
(AWAKE)
8.There are _________ flaws in the logic of the argument.
(DEEM)
9.She was ___________ sentimental about wildlife.
(CURE)
10.Public ____________ with the government is growing.
(CONTENT)

Task 2

Choose the correct river which flows through the city or town.

11.LeicesterA.river SoarB.river TrentC.river NeneD.river WithamE.river LavantF.river DeeG.river EdenH.river TyneI.river ForthJ.river Clyde 12.CarlisleA.river SoarB.river TrentC.river NeneD.river WithamE.river LavantF.river DeeG.river EdenH.river TyneI.river ForthJ.river Clyde 13.ChesterA.river SoarB.river TrentC.river NeneD.river WithamE.river LavantF.river DeeG.river EdenH.river TyneI.river ForthJ.river Clyde
14.ChichesterA.river SoarB.river TrentC.river NeneD.river WithamE.river LavantF.river DeeG.river EdenH.river TyneI.river ForthJ.river Clyde 15.EdinburghA.river SoarB.river TrentC.river NeneD.river WithamE.river LavantF.river DeeG.river EdenH.river TyneI.river ForthJ.river Clyde 16.GlasgowA.river SoarB.river TrentC.river NeneD.river WithamE.river LavantF.river DeeG.river EdenH.river TyneI.river ForthJ.river Clyde
17.LincolnA.river SoarB.river TrentC.river NeneD.river WithamE.river LavantF.river DeeG.river EdenH.river TyneI.river ForthJ.river Clyde 18.NewcastleA.river SoarB.river TrentC.river NeneD.river WithamE.river LavantF.river DeeG.river EdenH.river TyneI.river ForthJ.river Clyde 19.NottinghamA.river SoarB.river TrentC.river NeneD.river WithamE.river LavantF.river DeeG.river EdenH.river TyneI.river ForthJ.river Clyde
20.PeterborougA.river SoarB.river TrentC.river NeneD.river WithamE.river LavantF.river DeeG.river EdenH.river TyneI.river ForthJ.river Clyde

Task 3

Write one word which can be used in all three sentences.

21.The storm caught many tourists _____________ surprise.
That game was easy, we won it ____________ a mile!
John slept ____________ day because he worked on the night shift.
22.The rush __________ traffic is always slow.
I expected a better performance from the actors, but it was a total amateur ____________.
We turned in our essay at the eleventh ______________.
23.I wouldn’t put my money in a bank that isn’t sound as a _______________.
He’s a brilliant lawyer, but he charges top _______ for his services.
There are one hundred cents in a __________.
24.I organized this year’s Go ____________ campaign at school.
A __________ Card is nothing but an official identity document issued by the USA to a citizen of a foreign country.
The author is of the opinion that the _____ revolution is truly a miracle when peasants are turning into farmers with a fundamental change in lifestyle.
25.Her horse won by a ___________.
You need a clear _______ to be able to pass the exam.
He is going to____ up this department soon.

Choose the correct synonym.

Match the rivers which flow through these cities or towns.

26.InappropriateA.abominableB.spaciousC.listlessD.detachedE.curvedF.noxiousG.enthusiasticH.incandescentI.ravishingJ.palatable

27.ResplendentA.abominableB.spaciousC.listlessD.detachedE.curvedF.noxiousG.enthusiasticH.incandescentI.ravishingJ.palatable

28.DreadfulA.abominableB.spaciousC.listlessD.detachedE.curvedF.noxiousG.enthusiasticH.incandescentI.ravishingJ.palatable

29.GargantuanA.abominableB.spaciousC.listlessD.detachedE.curvedF.noxiousG.enthusiasticH.incandescentI.ravishingJ.palatable

30.LuminousA.abominableB.spaciousC.listlessD.detachedE.curvedF.noxiousG.enthusiasticH.incandescentI.ravishingJ.palatable

31.AloofA.abominableB.spaciousC.listlessD.detachedE.curvedF.noxiousG.enthusiasticH.incandescentI.ravishingJ.palatable

32.TwistedA.abominableB.spaciousC.listlessD.detachedE.curvedF.noxiousG.enthusiasticH.incandescentI.ravishingJ.palatable

33.SavoryA.abominableB.spaciousC.listlessD.detachedE.curvedF.noxiousG.enthusiasticH.incandescentI.ravishingJ.palatable

34.WearisomeA.abominableB.spaciousC.listlessD.detachedE.curvedF.noxiousG.enthusiasticH.incandescentI.ravishingJ.palatable

35.FerventA.abominableB.spaciousC.listlessD.detachedE.curvedF.noxiousG.enthusiasticH.incandescentI.ravishingJ.palatable


  1. At the end of the holiday
    ________ on to any unused foreign currency because it may come in
    handy on another occasion.

If
your call is not answered within two minutes, you’re advised to
________ up and dial again.

The company decided to
________ a portrait of the retiring managing director in the
boardroom.

  1. Helen
    rubbed her carpet as hard as she could but the stain still wouldn’t
    _____ out.

I’m
afraid people don’t ________ much meaner than my neighbour; she
even re-uses her old tea bags!

Matt
has gone out this evening to try and forget how badly his
presentation went, but in the cold light of day it’ll ________ back
to haunt him.

  1. Everyone was surprised to
    discover that the young man was eligible to ________ for president.

The factory closure became
such a contentious issue that even the national newspapers decided to
________ a series of articles on it.

The supervisor had to ________
through the safety guidelines several times before she was convinced
that all the staff had understood.

  1. There are many jobs that my
    sister could do but she seems unwilling to ________ herself to
    anything.

The varnish will not have a
smooth finish if you ________ it too liberally.

I
was attempting to complete the whole form until I realised that half
the questions didn’t ________ to me.

  1. Because he failed to ________
    up for the job interview, Mr Garrard has been crossed off the
    shortlist of applicants.

In
terms of recognition, Tamsin had little to ________ for all the
effort she’d put into reorganising the office.

Despite her poor reception in
New York, the artist was still keen to ________ her work across the
rest of the USA.

  1. Many people fail to recognise
    that the mind needs regular ________ just like any other part of the
    body.

Trying to get every member of
staff to take their holiday at a different time was a very
frustrating ________.

Every ________ in the book is
designed to build up your reasoning skills.

9. Using the data of various dictionaries compare the lexical valency of the words:

peel,
scrape, scrub; guilt, fault, blame; roam, wander, ramble, rove,
stray, walk around; value, worth, utility; fear, alarm, dismay,
panic; avert, avoid, evade.

10. Suggest a frame of your own for the concept “trade”.

Topic for presentation

  • Ideographic
    dictionary by P. Roget

Seminar 6. Homonymy and Paronymy

Homonymy. Sources of homonymy: convergent sound development (phonetic
change), borrowing, conversion, divergent meaning development (split
of polysemy), shortening. Classification by W. Skeat into perfect
homonyms, homophones and homographs. Classification by A.I.
Smirnitsky into lexical, grammatical and lexico-grammatical homonyms.
Full homonyms and partial homonyms. Homonymy and polysemy. Paronymy.
Definition of paronyms. Paronomasia.

Test Questions

  1. Give the definition of
    homonyms. Why is English so rich in homonyms?

  2. What
    is the most widely accepted classification of homonyms?

  3. What are the formal criteria which help to differentiate between
    polysemy and homonymy? Give examples.

  4. What
    words are defined as paronyms?

Tasks
and assignments

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