English handwritten capital letters for Russian schoolchildren
Like this:
If you see the first option in the notebook, but would like to see the second, then you realize the problem, and this article with the solution is for you. And first, let’s figure out the reason for the ugly letter in a foreign language.
How does a child learn Russian letters?
From the very beginning of teaching the kid to read Russian, they explain to him: «The letter printed in the book and the letter written in the notebook are two varieties of the same letter of the alphabet.» For example, the letter «a» in a book has a «belly» and a «lid», and the letter «a» in a notebook looks like an «o» with a hook. But it’s all — the same letter «a». And in the notebook you need to write exactly the second, and in the book read the first.
Then school begins. In preparation and in the first grade, the child is taught to write handwritten letter, they explain for a long time and in detail where to start writing it, how to continue, what elements it consists of, how it is associated with other letters. In the classroom, the student writes endlessly in copybooks. In the end he at the muscle level remembers how each letter is spelled.
In reading lessons, a similar process takes place. The child reads the large bold type of the ABC book, and the images of the printed letters are imprinted on the brain. These two parallel learning processes lead to the resulting formation of a single system of connected images of printed and handwritten letters associated with the sounds of the language.
Writing and reading lessons are the main activities of prep and first graders, sometimes combined with counting in math lessons. Combined, but not interrupted, after all, in a mathematics lesson, students see some letters, printed, in a book and write others, handwritten, in a notebook. So, after one or two years of constant work, a complex of images and skills of writing letter symbols is developed.
How does a child learn foreign letters?
Do you spend so much time and attention on learning foreign letters? Of course not. The student is simply presented with the Latin alphabet and nothing is explained. The letters that the student sees in the books are printed only. If the textbook shows samples of handwritten letters, then these samples are simplified, printed.
You can understand the authors of the textbooks. They take samples for their «recipes» from Western sources. In America, Germany and other countries, due to the widespread introduction of first printing machines, and later — computer technology, the need for beautiful writing is decreasing. Therefore, schools no longer teach handwritten writing.
In American schools, they write in notebooks in block letters, and this is considered absolutely normal. The child sees a symbol in a book and draws it in a notebook — clear and distinguishable letters are obtained. They don’t need more. You will need to write something quickly — they will press a button on the recorder or type on the keyboard.
They don’t need to be able to write at all.
We might notice that babies benefit from fine motor skills for brain development, but American children do not. But of course this is not the case. Fine motor skills for writing printed letters are no worse than fine motor skills for writing handwritten letters. American schoolchildren are not deprived of the development of fine motor skills and the brain. They are all right.
What is the problem?
There is such a proverb: «What is good for a Russian, death for a German.» So our schoolchildren are the «Germans» in this case. Americans and Germans write without tilt and do not work together all their lives and do not experience problems. What do we have? After a long study of handwritten writing, English comes and writing in block letters. When a Russian student writes an English word, he spells it out.
If the letter is similar to Russian, the child involuntarily writes the corresponding Russian letter. And he writes in handwritten script, physically he cannot do otherwise… If he comes across a letter that is not in the Russian alphabet, he draws it from the book where it is printed. A diligent student will copy it from an English copy, but there is also a printed version.
So a strip of handwritten and printed letters comes out in a notebook. Of course, they all do not connect to each other and have completely different tilt angles. Such a letter cannot be called beautiful.
What to do?
At first glance, it seems that the solution would be to use the classic English spellings of the pre-computer era. But when examining these samples, it becomes noticeable that traditional Russian calligraphy differs from European styles quite strongly.
The letters are composed of similar elements, but are constructed according to slightly different principles. For example, «p» and «t» from the Russian spelling do not exactly repeat the characters «n» and «m» from the English spellings.
The left vertical of the Russian symbol begins with a point, and the English one starts with a hook, the connection of the Russian letter with the previous one is an acute angle, and for the English one it is an arc. And so on throughout the alphabet.
If you teach a child to write letters differently in Russian and in the English word, he will have to additionally develop skills for writing 26 more characters and not to confuse them with the 33 already learned. You can do this, but you can also save money by reusing the skills you have already mastered.
For this we offer our own version of the font for English words for Russian schoolchildren… It uses the writing skills already mastered by second-graders to the maximum:
- Letters that have analogues in the Russian alphabet are written in exactly the same way.
- Characters that are not in Cyrillic are based on Cyrillic elements.
- Only two elements have been added for characters that cannot be written in Cyrillic elements.
Teach your child to write this way, and their notebooks will look more attractive. As you can see, the child is not yet familiar with only two elements that are absent in the Russian script. This is the «lower right loop» used for «f» and «q», and the entire letter «s», which, however, is a slightly widened and shifted upward loop from the letter «C».
You can write beautifully in English. Even a child. Even a Russian. You just need to help him, give him a hint.
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Source: http://2repetitora.ru/english-handwritten-letters
Once upon a time there was an English alphabet
Perhaps the majority of those who speak Russian have minimal ideas about the changes in the Russian alphabet. Spelling reform of 1918, goodbye «yat». End of the eighteenth century — «yo» appeared. «E» as an independent letter also did not appear immediately. Peter I pretty much shredded not only beards, but also the alphabet. Well, the further into the depths of the centuries, the «thicker the partisans» are. The English alphabet cannot boast of such sharp turns, although it has not been without changes either.
I read the runes
It is curious that, despite the four-century presence of the Romans, the Latin alphabet in England began to be used only towards the end of the first millennium with the arrival of Christian missionaries.
Didn’t you manage to learn how to write before? No, just after the Romans in the fourth-fifth centuries, the Anglo-Saxons came to the islands, bringing with them not only their language, but also the runic writing. And some of the runes continued to be used even after the Latin alphabet supplanted the Anglo-Saxon script.
The runes þ (Thorn) and ƿ (Wynn) turned out to be the most tenacious, since in the Latin alphabet there was no correspondence for the Germanic sounds / θ /, / ð / and / w /.
Thorn lasted longer in the English alphabet than other runes and denoted sounds that are now written with the combination «th». By the 15th century, the spelling of the thorn had changed so that it became more like a «Y», which eventually gave preference to the increasingly popular compound character «th». By the way, in England you can still find «antiquated» when the name is written «Y» instead of «Th»: «Ye Olde Tavern» instead of «The Old Tavern».
Wynn fell out of use by the early 14th century, when two «u» s in a row were written instead. Over time, the two letters merged into one character «W», which is why it is called «double».
Moreover, this happened almost simultaneously in German and English, and as a result, «W», not being a letter of the Latin alphabet, manages to be part of the Latin alphabet.
Similarly, the symbol «U» itself, and with it the «J», stood out in European writing into separate symbols at about the same period, evolving from the Latin «V» and «I». Thanks to the strong French influence still lingering after the Norman conquest, the new letters also found their way into the English language.
Chicken is not a bird, ampersand is not a letter
The well-known ampersand «&» came from the merger of the letters «et», which in Latin meant the union «and».
Generally speaking, this is just one of the many ligatures that were popular in English writing, but the only one that has long retained the status of a symbol of the English alphabet.
Until the 19th century, school cramming about the alphabet ended with the words “X, Y, Z, and per se and,” that is, “and as such AND”. In the process of cramming, this phrase merged into the name «ampersand», which remained despite the fact that the symbol itself fell out of the alphabet.
* * *
As you can see, everything is boring, no revolutions and Petrov first. No, of course, they also liked to wave a saber on the island, but this did not affect writing. Even what is considered to be the old Latin-based version of the English alphabet is just a set of characters that was used by one of the English abbeys. And what symbols were in use depended only on the authors and scribes.
Source: http://lingorado.com/english-alphabet-changes/
Russian and English alphabets in one line
For those who seek and cannot find. In addition to the alphabet itself, there are also brief characteristics of these.
Perhaps you will be interested in this calculator: Frequency analysis of free text online
Characteristics of the English alphabet
Number of letters 26
Of these, consonants — 21 pieces (B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z)
Vowels — 6 (A, E, I, O, U, Y)
Letter Y — both a vowel and a consonant are considered at the same time.
http://abak.pozitiv-r.ru
Number of letters — 33
Of these, consonants — 21 pieces(B, V, D, D, F, Z, Y, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, T, F, X, H, Ts, Sh, Sh)
Vowels — 10 (A, E, E, I, O, U, Y, E, Y, Y)
and 2 letters that do not denote sounds — B, b
Solid — 18 pieces, of which:
paired -15 (B, V, D, D, Z, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, T, F, X)
unpaired — 3 (F, W, C)
Soft — 18, of which:
paired -15 (B, V, D, D, Z, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, T, F, X)
unpaired — 3 (H, U, Y)
Voiced — 11 pieces, of which
paired — 6 (B, C, D, D, F, H)
unpaired — 5 (J, L, M, N, R)
Deaf — 10 pieces, of which
paired — 6 (P, F, K, T, W, S)
unpaired — 4 (X, C, H, W)
Phonetic alphabet
It is used to improve speech intelligibility when spelling unfamiliar words in poor audibility conditions, for example, in a telephone conversation or during radio communication. The following words are used:
Letter | Word-code | English transcription | Russian-language transcription |
A | Alfa | ALFAH | ALFA |
В | Bravo | BRAHVOH | BRAVO |
С | Charlie | CHARLEE | CHARLIE |
D | Delta | DELLTAH | DELTA |
Е | Echo | ECKOH | ECHO |
F | Foxtrot | FOKSTROT | FOXTROT |
G | Golf | GOLF | GOLF |
H | Hotel | HOHTELL | HOTEL |
I | India | INDEEAH | INDIA |
J | Juliet | JEWLEEETT | Juliet |
К | Kilo | KEYLOH | KILO |
L | Lima | LEEMAH | LIMA |
M | Mike | MIKE | MAIK |
N | November | NOVEMBER | NOVEMBE |
О | Oscar | OSSCAH | OSCAR |
Р | Pope | PAHPAH | DAD |
Q | Quebec | KEHBECK | QUEBEC |
R | Romeo | ROWMEOH | ROMIO |
S | Sierra | SEEAIRRAH | SIERRA |
Т | Tango | TANGGO | TANGO |
U | uniform | YOUNEEFORM | UNIFOM |
V | Victor | VIKTAH | VICTA |
W | Whiskey | WISSKEY | WHISKEY |
X | X-ray | ECKSRAY | ICSREY |
Y | Yankee | YANGKEY | YANKS |
Z | zulu | ZOOLOO | ZULU |
Letter | Word-code | Letter | Word-code | Letter | Word-code |
А | Anna (Anton) | К | Constantine (kilowatt) | X | Khariton |
Б | Boris | Л | Leonid | Ц | Heron |
В | Basil | М | Maria (Michael) | Ч | Human |
Г | George (Gregory) | Н | Nicholas | Ш | Shura |
Д | Dmitriy | О | Olga | Щ | Pike |
Е | Elena | П | Paul | Ъ | Solid sign |
Ё | Ruff (Hedgehog) | Р | Novel | Ы | Gamer |
Ж | Zhenya | С | Sergei | Ь | Soft sign |
3 | Zoya (Zinaida) | Т | Tatyana | Э | Emilia |
И | Ivan | У | Ulyana | Ю | Jury |
Й | Ivan short | ф | Fedor | Я | Jacob |
Source: https://abakbot.ru/online-5/301-rus-eng-alphabet
English letters in words — Circle by letter
Here you can download and print English letters in words so that your child learns to write them by dashed letters. After the child learns the English alphabet in words (using our cards), print them out and give them to fill out. Prepare a ballpoint pen that writes clearly enough, but does not smudge, so that your child gets used to writing neatly.
First, have the child begin to circle the printed English letters in words (capital letters first, then small letters). After that, you can go to uppercase letters in the same order.
Printed English Letters in Cursive — Uppercase and Small
Download in the attachments at the bottom of the page printed English letters in words (capital and small) and you can start your studies. Try to make sure that the child traces the letters neatly, not going beyond the dotted lines and not messing the paper.
Gradually, this will develop in him the correct writing technique, which will be very useful to him at school. After all, now, as you know, teachers lower the grade for sloppy writing and blots. It is also very important to learn how to draw letters in the desired direction (the direction of each letter is indicated on the first letter of each line).
The point that you see already in the dotted letter means the beginning of the letter (that is, from this point you need to start writing the letter).
You can download «Printed copybook» in the attachments at the bottom of the page
Sheet 1 — English capital letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I
Sheet 2 — Spelling English capital letters J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R
Sheet 3 — English writing of block letters S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z
And now you can download small English block letters:
Sheet 1 — Printed small letters
Sheet 2 — Spelling of printed small letters
Sheet 3 — Block letters in words — English for kids
English letters in words — Uppercase and small
And now you can view and download small and capital English letters in words for teaching children English writing. Everyone knows how important it is to write correctly and accurately. And most importantly, you need to learn this as early as possible.
After all, ugly handwriting is very difficult to correct later. In addition, sloppy writing can lead to systematic underestimation of grades in school.
And this will already cause constant chagrin in the child, especially if the entire task is completed correctly, and the score is underestimated only because of blots and inarticulate letters.
You can print these recipes as much as you like, until the child learns to write letters clearly and beautifully, without going beyond the dotted lines. That is, if the child has circled all the capital letters, you need to print these sheets for him again and give him to fill in the next lesson.
Remember to ask your child to say out loud the letter he begins to write on each line.
You can download Uppercase English letters in the attachments at the bottom of the page
Sheet 1 — Uppercase capital letters — for English writing
Sheet 2 — Spelling English capital letters
Sheet 3 — Uppercase letters — for kids
And now you can also see the small uppercase English letters:
Sheet 1 — Uppercase letters of the English alphabet — a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h
Sheet 2 — Uppercase small English letters — i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q
Sheet 3 — Spelling small English letters — r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
Source: https://bibusha.ru/anglijskie-bukvy-propisyu-obvedi-po-punktiram
Preparation
1. Complete phrases 1-8 with the words below.
for from of soon things to (x2) wishes
1 Give my love ……………………… your parents.
2 Thanks ……………………… your email.
3 That’s all ……………………… me.
4 Best ………………………,
5 How are ………………………?
6 Lots ……………………… love,
7 Say ‘Hi’ ……………………… your sister.
8 I hope to see you ………………………
Answer
1 to 2 for 3 from 4 wishes 5 things 6 of 7 to 8 soon
Writing Strategy
There are certain expressions that are used to begin and end an informal email, like Dear … and Best wishes … But emails usually include a few other ‘social phrases’ near the beginning and end. These make the email sound more natural and friendly.
2. Read the Writing Strategy. Then choose three phrases from exercise 1 to complete the email below. (More than one answer is possible.)
To: james@email.com
Hi James,
1…………………… I hope you and your family are well. What are you doing at the moment? I’m trying to finish my homework, but / so it’s taking a long time!
How about meeting in town one day soon? I want to try the new café on Market Street because my mum says it’s very good. We can go there after school because / or meet for lunch one Saturday.
I’m going to Ava’s barbecue next Saturday. Are you going too? It’s at her house. I’m helping her with the preparations because / so I’m arriving early. I hope I see you there!
2…………………… I have to get my things ready for tomorrow morning. Please write soon!
3……………………
Holly
Answer
1 How are things? / Thanks for your email.
2 That’s all from me.
3 Best wishes / Give my love to your parents. / Say ‘Hi’ to your sister. / Lots of love
3. Circle the correct linking words in the email.
4. Complete the sentences with the correct linking words below. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
and because but or so
1 I’m tired ……………………. I want to go to bed.
2 I’d like to go out this evening, ……………………. I can’t.
3 I can speak English ……………………. my mum’s from France.
4 Let’s go to the newsagent’s ……………………. buy a newspaper.
5 Do you want to eat at home ……………………. go to a restaurant?
6 My name’s Lisa ……………………. I’m your new penfriend.
Answer
1 and / so 2 but 3 because 4 and 5 or 6 and
5. Read the task. In what order does Holly cover the three points in exercise 2? Number them 1-3.
Write an email to your friend in which you:
– talk about a future arrangement.
– suggest an activity to do together.
– say what you are doing now.
Answer
1 say what you are doing now
2 suggest an activity to do together
3 talk about a future arrangement
Writing Guide
6. Plan an email for the task in exercise 5. Make notes about:
1 a future arrangement.
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
2 a suggestion for an activity
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
3 your current activity
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
7. Write an email following your plan from exercise 6. (You can choose a different order for points 1-3). Include phrases from exercise 1.
Extra exercises
Strategy
When we write an email to a friend, we often use informal language, rather than formal language. Informal language includes contractions (I am = I’m), imperatives (Can you tell me … = Tell me …) and informal vocabulary (thank you = thanks).
1. Read the Strategy. Then rewrite the sentences using more informal language.
1 Dear Chloe, ………………………………
2 I hope you are well. ………………………………
3 That is all from me. ………………………………
4 Can you call me next week? ………………………………
5 Goodbye for now. ………………………………
6 Can you ask your parents? ………………………………
Answer
1 Hi / Hello
2 I hope you’re well.
3 That’s all from me.
4 Call me next week.
5 That’s all for now. / That’s all from me.
6 Ask your parents.
2. Write an informal email to a friend. Include the information below.
– Thank your friend for his/her email.
– Mention an event you’re organising at your school.
– Describe the event.
– Invite your friend to the event.
– An appropriate ending.
При заполнении Бланка ответов №2 вы указываете сначала номер задания С1, С2, а потом пишете свой ответ.
Если одной стороны Бланка недостаточно, вы можете использовать другую сторону Бланка.
Cl You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your friend who writes:
I really need your advice. The problem is my relationship with the classmates. You know I don’t smoke and they say I’m still a baby. That’s not true! I don’t want to smoke. It’s my personal style, I think smoking is dangerous for my health.
What do you think on the problem? How can I persuade them?
Yours,
Sasha
Write a letter to Sasha. In your letter express your opinion and advise him what to do.
Write 100—150 words.
C2 You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
“If you want happiness for an hour — take a nap. If you want happiness for a day — go fishing. If you want happiness for a month — get married. If you want happiness for a year — inherit a fortune. If you want happiness for a lifetime — help someone else.” (Chinese proverb)
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem);
- express your personal opinion and reasons for it;
- give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree;
- draw a conclusion.
Cl You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your friend who needs your advice. He writes:
I’ve been dreaming of two things for a long time: a good computer, maybe a notebook, or a trip to a foreign country. The problem is I like both ideas and I cannot make up my mind.
What would you do if you were me?
Compare your friend’s two choices and explain which one you think he should make. Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
Write 100—150 words.
C2 You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
“It is important to have someone who’s supportive, a person you can go to with your problem, but someone discreet, who doesn’t go around telling everyone your secrets. I think it’s also important if your friend shares some of your interests and hobbies, has a similar sense of humour, so that you can understand each other better.”
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem);
- express your personal opinion and reasons for it;
- give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree;
- draw a conclusion.
Cl You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your pen friend Jenny who writes:
What do you do to be healthy? What food do you eat? How much exercising do you do? What activities help you to be fit?
Write a letter to Jenny. In your letter express your opinion on the problem of staying healthy and answer the questions.
Write 100—150 words.
C2 You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
“Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere.” (Chinese proverb)
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem);
- express your personal opinion and reasons for it;
- give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree;
- draw a conclusion.
Cl You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your friend who writes:
Are there any useful tips in learning English? What should I do to avoid grammar mistakes? Do you think I have a chance to speak a foreign language fluently? What would you recommend me to do?
Write a letter to your friend. Express your opinion and advise him what to do. Write 100—150 words.
C2 You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
“It is prosperity that gives us friends, adversity that proves them.” (Proverb) What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem);
- express your personal opinion and reasons for it;
- give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree;
- draw a conclusion.
Cl You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your friend who writes:
Surely the place where I study is one of the best in the city, but there are some things I want to be changed. For example, I think it would be nice for the students to choose the subjects they want to study. As for me I would choose Mathematics, Chemistry and History.
What is your opinion? What is an “ideal school” for you? How should the classrooms be equipped? Do you think it is necessary to have the school rules? Why?
Write an answer to this letter. In your letter express your opinion and answer the questions.
Write 100—150 words.
С2 You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
“Anorexia is a dangerous eating disorder which often starts in the teenage years. In Britain 5% of girls are anorexic and four out of ten teenage girls skip meals so that they can be thin like fashion models and pop stars. But it’s not just girls — many boys want to lose weight too and they often don’t eat enough.”
Do you think there is such a problem in our country? Is there a way of solving it? What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem);
- express your personal opinion and reasons for it;
- give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree;
- draw a conclusion.
Cl You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking friend Kate who writes:
Thank you for your last letter.
It was interesting to know about your Drama Club. My hobby is reading. I have recently finished reading the book “A Farewell to Arms” by Ernest Hemingway. It is a great book about sincere human feelings, love and desire to live. I advise you to read this book. I’m sure you’ll like it. I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Kate
Write a letter to Kate. In your letter thank her for her advice and tell about the book you’ve recently read.
Write 100—150 words.
C2 You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following:
“Depression is considered to be a strange type of disease that results from a combination of physical, psychological and social factors.”
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem);
- express your personal opinion and reasons for it;
- give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree;
- draw a conclusion.
Cl You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your pen friend Nick who writes:
…I’ve found a part-time work for summer. I don’t want to waste time doing nothing. I want to get some experience and earn money. I’ll also have a chance to help my parents. And I’ll avoid asking them for pocket money when I need it to go to the cinema or to buy CDs.
Do you think it is a good idea for teenagers to work? Do you and your friends work anywhere when you have spare time?
Write a letter to Nick. In your letter express your opinion and answer Nick’s questions.
Write 100—150 words.
C2 You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following:
“Parents should spend more time with their kids. Some adults talk to their children only when they want to scold them for something. And often parents don’t even try to understand their children.”
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem);
- express your personal opinion and reasons for it;
- give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree;
- draw a conclusion.
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Write a sentence for each word/phrase.
1. (at the moment)
2. (on Sundays)
3. (in the summer)
4. (always)
5. (right now)
6. (in the winter)
7. (never)
reshalka.com
Английский язык 5 класс (рабочая тетрадь) Ваулина. 7 Grammar Practice. Номер №3
Решение
Перевод задания
Напишите предложение для каждого слова / фразы.
1. (на данный момент)
2. (по воскресеньям)
3. (летом)
4. (всегда)
5. (прямо сейчас)
6. (зимой)
7. (никогда)
ОТВЕТ
1. (at the moment) I am doing my homework at the moment.
2. (on Sundays) We go swimming in the swimming pool on Sundays.
3. (in the summer) We go camping in the summer.
4. (always) I always help my mother in the kitchen.
5. (right now) My sister is having a picnic right now.
6. (in the winter) My dad goes skiing in the winter.
7. (never) My sister never walks our dog.
Перевод ответа
1. (в данный момент) Я сейчас делаю домашнее задание.
2. (по воскресеньям) По воскресеньям купаемся в бассейне.
3. (летом) Летом ходим в походы.
4. (всегда) Я всегда помогаю маме на кухне.
5. (прямо сейчас) Моя сестра сейчас на пикнике.
6. (зимой) Папа зимой катается на лыжах.
7. (никогда) Моя сестра никогда не выгуливает нашу собаку.
Exercise 5 is a letter writing task. This is almost always an informal letter. (We’ll detail formal letters here as well, just in case!)
INFORMAL LETTERS
These are usually to your friends or family, usually asking you to detail a recent event you took part in and they didn’t.
- You must be familiar with the format of an informal letter: salutation (Dear/Dearest..), introduction, body (maybe two paragraphs), conclusion, signature (With Love/Yours Truly..)
The salutation and signature are simple. What about the others? Let’s take a look. - Introduction:
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- Start with a warm, friendly opening. Ditch the boring ‘How are you doing?‘. Go for these:
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- It was good to hear from you.
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- Sorry for not replying sooner. I have been very busy.
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- I’m so sorry for taking so long to reply. I have been revising for my
exams.
- I’m so sorry for taking so long to reply. I have been revising for my
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- Congratulations on your award! It’s been an hectic week over here. So sorry I couldn’t write to you earlier. (This is a good opening, because it tells the examiner that you know this person well).
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- Tell them why you’re writing the letter. This will be specified in the question paper itself. Keep it very short. In the example above, you could say: I’ve been dying to tell you about this circus that came to town last Friday!!
- Body: This is the actual content of your letter. Provide more details about the topic. Use lots of adjectives and verbs and really relay your thoughts and emotions. Use the prompts and pictures in the question. You can write it in two paragraphs to organise your ideas.In the example above, you could write:
Nobody knew about the circus arriving. But the moment they opened the entrance, all the villagers started flocking in. Steve and I begged for mom and dad to take us there! It was magnificent, in every sense of the word! There were talking parrots, tigers jumping through fire hoops (Steve ran away scared when he saw the Tiger!), an elephant that could predict your weight, a fortune teller and all sorts of things you see in the circuses in movies!
Mom was fascinated by the ‘Guess the Price’ tent and spent a lot of money on it but didn’t guess a single one right. Dad and I went to every single tent. My favourite was this magic show! The magician literally turned a rat into a rabbit! I have no idea how. It was truly magical! We stayed there till dusk and then very reluctantly went back. The circus clearly had won the hearts of all villagers! - Conclusion: The conclusion has to wrap up the letter. For example, I really wish you were there! You would have loved it! Give my regards to Margret and Aunt Marie! Reply soon!
TIPS
- Take care of spelling, punctuation and grammar. It’s a writing task after all.
- Don’t use abbreviations and slang such as ‘u’ and ‘OMG’! This is an international exam, not an actual email to your friend!
- Keep the tone very light and warm. An informal letter should be informal.
- Writing a paragraph for each bullet point (given in the question) can be a good method of keeping the letter organised.
- Give personal anecdotes. Add details that tell the examiner you really know each other. In my sample answer above, I used the names Steve, Margaret and Aunt Marie without giving any explanation for who they exactly are, because my friend knows who they are!
- Try using time phrases. Eg: shortly after that/later/that afternoon/after dinner etc.
- Keep to the word limit. It should be at least 150 words and shouldn’t exceed 200 words. However, I remember my teacher telling me it was alright if I wrote 10-15 words in excess. Any more than that, they would deduct marks.
FORMAL LETTERS
These will be written to somebody in a position of authority, usually to your school principal, the manager of a company etc. I’ll give a very brief idea of how to write one.
- Salutations and Signatures: use either of this format
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- Dear Sir or Madam……. Yours faithfully
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- Dear Ms Weasley………….Yours sincerely
- Introduction: Dive straight into the point. Why are you writing? To appreciate, complain, suggest, request or disagree? What are you writing in regards with? A new project, a newspaper advertisement, an article or an event? Mention it. That’s your introduction.
- Body: This can be divided into two paragraphs
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- Details of situation: give previous history of event or your background or experience. Say what happened exactly if you are making a complaint, or focus directly on the text you are arguing with. This section should include specific data such as names, dates, facts and details.
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- Further development: Give further support to your claim or request. Summarise the current situation and why you should be given consideration. Persuade the reader.
- Conclusion: Say what you wish to happen next. Suggest, firmly but politely, what may happen if you do not receive a response to a complaint. Wrap up by once again, stating your request/complaint/suggestion and politely say something along the lines of ‘I hope you will consider this and take action as soon as possible’.
TIPS
- Use formal vocabulary only. Instead of ‘can’t wait for your reply’ say ‘I hope you will consider the above suggestion and take prompt action‘.
- Don’t use contractions like can’t, won’t, don’t, we’re etc. Use their full forms. Contractions are informal.
- Don’t use exclamation marks.
- Your tone should be serious and respectful.
- Keep to the word limit.
Time Management
For the core paper 1, take about 20 minutes to attempt this question.
For the extended paper 2, spend about 30 minutes.
Notes submitted by Lintha
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