Russian letters in English — transliteration of first and last names — SPEAK ENGLISH
On this page you will find the rules and a table for transliterating the letters of the Russian and German alphabets, and you can also automatically translate the names and surnames you need or other proper names from German into Russian or from Russian into German.
What is transliteration? This is the transfer of letters of one alphabet by the corresponding letters of another alphabet. The transcription is basically the same, but taking into account the pronunciation of the letters of a different alphabet. While diacritics and other designations and symbols can be used in transliteration, only letters of the target alphabet are usually used in transcription.
Transliteration is used to convey names, surnames and various names that must be conveyed in letters of a different alphabet, without conveying the meaning of the word; in Germany, it is especially in demand when translating personal documents from Russian into German or from German into Russian for the transfer of surname, first name and patronymic, as well as geographical names and other proper names.
§ Popular systems of transliteration of the Russian language into Latin, German, English
Different transliteration and transcription systems are used to transfer letters from one alphabet to another. Some of them are established by official organizations and are used when transcribing data from personal documents.
The most widely used transliteration systems currently used in the world for transmission from Russian into Latin, German and English are presented below on the page. For direct letter matches, see the page below in the transliteration tables section
ISO-9 (1995) DIN 1460 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, N 4271 Gen. cons. RF Bonn (2013) Duden English
International system of transliteration of Cyrillic alphabets into Latin, with one-to-one correspondence of letters and the use of diacritics. |
Russian transliteration system of the German Institute for Standardization, adapted to the German language ISO-9 system |
Transliteration of Cyrillic characters recommended for use by states. (Appendix No. 7 to the Administrative Regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation for the provision of state services for the registration and issuance of a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, which certifies the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia No. 29 of March 2016, 4271) |
Transliteration rules for names and surnames for translating documents from the Russian Consulate in Bonn |
Transcription from Duden Bibliographic Institute Press |
Transliteration of Russian into English. The Russian letters «e» and «ё» are usually transmitted as the English «e», however, at the beginning of the word, after the vowels and after the letters «y», «b», «ъ» are transmitted as «ye». |
§ Automatic transliteration of names, surnames, letters, as well as any text from Russian into German and from German into Russian
In the following form, you can make an automatic transliteration of the Russian text (no more than 1000 characters) by choosing the transliteration system you need.
The letters are replaced in accordance with the Russian alphabet transliteration table or the German alphabet transliteration table, depending on your choice.
The transliteration does not take into account the substitution rules regarding the position of letters and the combination of letters in words.
§ Tables of transliteration of the letters of the Russian alphabet
Table 2 shows the rules for transliteration of the letters of the Russian and German alphabets, as well as combinations of letters according to the transliteration systems ISO-9, DIN 1460, Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4271, Duden and others described above on the page.
Table 2: Transliteration of the letters of the Russian alphabet
For the transmission of Russian names and surnames in Russia, transliteration based on the English language is now used, see the transcription system in the Order of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, N 4271. In Germany, translators use the 9 ISO-1995 system for translation. In this regard, there may be differences in the spelling of proper names in Russian foreign documents and their translation into German.
§ Table of transliteration of the letters of the German alphabet into the Russian alphabet
Table 3 shows the correspondences of letters and combinations of letters of the German alphabet and the Russian alphabet. The transliteration of German letters, first names and surnames into Russian is not regulated, therefore, it may differ when they are transmitted in different cases.
§ German transliteration rules
When transferring German letters into Russian, the following basic rules are used:
- ä at the beginning of a word and after vowels, kake is transmitted, and after consonants kake
- e at the beginning of the word and after the vowels is transmitted kake, and after the consonants and the letter «i» in different syllables kake
- ö is usually conveyed kakyo, and at the beginning of the word kake
- ü is usually conveyed as kaki, and at the beginning of the word kaki
- before vowels a, o, u and consonants are rendered ask, and before vowels e, i, ykakts
- usually not transmitted at all, but at the beginning of a syllable and between vowels — kakhilig
- the letter j is transmitted as, but before the vowels “a”, “ä”, “e”, “o”, “u”, “ü” can be translated accordingly as kaka, e, e, yo, yu, yuiliya, e, e, bo ew, ew
- l between consonants and at the end of a word is transmitted with a soft sign
- s before vowels, kakz is transmitted, at the end of a word and before consonants kaks, in combination with “sp”, “st” usually sp, st, but at the beginning of the word sp, pcs
- v is usually rendered asph, and between vowels asv
Rules for the transfer of combinations and syllables of German letters into Russian
- the combination of letters is transmitted cocoa, but sometimes cocoa
- the combination of letters is conveyed what, but sometimes as
- combinationie in one syllable is conveyed as, and in different which
- ch is usually conveyed as, but in words of foreign origin, where the letter «sh» is read
- ck is transmitted as k, but if it is between vowels, then as kk
- the suffix nn in surnames beginning with -mann is transmitted as
- the suffixation is transmitted as a cation
- the combination tz is transmitted as, and between the vowels as
Source: https://ekaterina-alexeeva.ru/drugoe/russkie-bukvy-na-anglijskom-transliteratsiya-imen-i-familij.html
Russian names in English: we write and pronounce correctly
Sooner or later, many of us face the question: how to write down our surname and first name so that those who do not speak Russian can read them.
For many, this is a serious problem, since they are sure that Russian names in English cannot be displayed without knowing it at a decent level. This is just a delusion.
It is enough to master the simple rules of transliteration and practice a little, writing down the names of friends and acquaintances. We assure you that soon it will not be difficult for you to translate any Russian name into English.
What is transliteration
English is one of the most common languages in the world, and to one degree or another every inhabitant of the planet comes into contact with it. This language has long become a means of communication between businessmen, politicians, economists, specialists in the field of culture, computer technology and international tourism.
It is not surprising that a person who speaks English feels more free not only abroad, but also within his own country, because he can read professional literature or conduct direct negotiations with foreign partners.
Any document that will be presented outside the country is subject to translation into English, and the ability to write down your name in Latin will be useful to everyone.
For the uniform display of Russian names in English, a special system of transliteration rules has been created.
For children starting to learn English, the teacher often gives for communication in the classroom the equivalents of Russian names adopted in the USA or Great Britain. This is how Nick, Alex, Helen, Julie and Natalie appear in Russian schools. The teacher does this so that the children are immersed in the atmosphere of the countries of the studied language, but many, even after graduating from school, continue to think that this is how their name sounds in English.
As a result, when faced with the need to fill out a questionnaire or other form, some people struggle to remember which English name is most suitable for this. But there are also surnames! There are some anecdotal cases when they were also translated.
All this is completely unnecessary trouble, for official documents you just need to correctly display your first and last name using transliteration rules.
Simply put, you need to write down your data so that a native English speaker can, after reading the Latin letters, understand how to pronounce your name.
Transliteration is a method of fixing words of one language using letters (letters) of another. In this case, to write Russian names in English, the Cyrillic alphabet is replaced by the Latin alphabet. Moreover, the same sound of the Russian language can be written in different Latin letters. Hence — the variants of transferring one name in different ways: Russian Evgenia can turn into Yevgenia, Yevgeniya or Evgenia.
Do not deviate from the rules of transliteration when it comes to filling out official questionnaires or resumes for foreign employers. Striving to bring your name closer to what is more familiar to native English speakers can work against you. Agree, the applicant, who in all seriousness introduces himself as Andrew Petrovich Ivanov, is less credible than just Andrey Petrovich.
Read related material: Best Ways to Learn English
Rules for spelling Russian names in English
The US State Department has developed a special system that regulates the translation of Cyrillic letters into Latin. It looks like this:
The table is provided with comments to facilitate transliteration:
- The letters E and E are transmitted in the same way (E is no longer held in high esteem even among native Russian speakers): E, YE.
Semenov — Semenov.
Elizabeth — Yelizaveta.
- If we are talking about the use of E to convey the iotated O [yo], then YO is used to denote it:
- A similar rule applies to Russian E, standing at the beginning of a word, after a vowel or hard and soft signs, when it is read as [ye]. For these cases, the combination YE is used, for all others, just E.
Medvedev — Medvedev.
Emelin — Yemelin.
- The letters E and E are transmitted in the same way (except for the cases with E mentioned in paragraph 3) — i.e. E.
- It is proposed to convey the unique Russian letters Y and Y in one letter Y.
Hasymov — Hasymov.
Raikin — Raykin.
- This also applies to the endings -УЙ and -ИЙ.
Dmitry — Dmitry.
Brave — Bravy.
- B and b for English letters are mysterious, they do not transmit sounds, therefore they are simply ignored.
Marya — Marya.
Lifting — Podyomny.
- YU and YA are designated YU and YA, respectively.
Yana — Yana.
Yuri — Yuriy.
- The Russian letters Ж and Х have equivalents in English, diphthongs, which are used to replace Ж with ZH and X with KH.
Zhirkov — Zhirkov.
Prokhor — Prokhor.
- C is transformed into TS, and H — into CH.
Tsaplina — Tsaplina.
Chekhov — Chekhov.
- Other sibilants were even less fortunate: according to the rules of transliteration, the Russian Ш is SH, and Ш is the hard-to-remember SHCH.
Shalyapin — Shalyapin.
Shchepkin — Shchepkin.
Read the material on the topic: How to get rid of the Russian accent in English
Russian names and surnames in English
Both before and in our time, various transliteration methods are used to translate Russian names into English. We have already mentioned the possibility of writing the same Russian name in English in different ways, this mainly comes from different variants of the reflection of the letters E, E, Yu, Ya.
Examples: Julia (Yulia, Yuliya, Julia, Julja); Dmitry (Dmitry, Dmitriy, Dmitri, Dimitri); Eugene (Yevgeny, Yevgeniy, Evgeny, Evgeni, Evgeniy, Eugeny); Tsvetaeva (Tsvetaeva, Tsvetayeva, Cvetaeva); Zhukovsky (Zhukovsky, Zhukovski, Zhukovskiy, Jukovsky).
But there are cases that require special attention. Individual Russian names in English are written in compliance with special rules.
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It is preferable to convey the combination of Russian letters KS not by the Latin X, but by the combination KS.
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The rules for reading the English language often imply ignoring the letter h, therefore the sound [x] in Russian names is conveyed by two letters — kh.
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To emphasize the softness of a consonant, an apostrophe is used.
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To transliterate the ending -ia, combinations of the letters -ia or -iya are used, but the first option is preferable as a shorter one.
We figured out the names, but what about the Russian surnames? In general, the same transliteration rules developed by the US Department of State, which we cited above, apply to their recording.
The endings of Russian female surnames (-ova, -aya), as a rule, do not cause any difficulties. In English, they are written as -аya, -ova (Burtovaya, Gorbunova). As for the English language, there is no distinction between male and female surnames.
Example: Michael Johnson — Helen Johnson (Michael Johnson — Helen Johnson), Catherine Brown — Nicholas Brown (Catherine Brown — Nicholas Brown).
When transliterating names and patronymics, it is necessary to be consistent in choosing the method of transmitting Russian sounds in Latin letters. So, using a system in which the letters «u» and «I» are written as ju and ja, do not deviate from this principle when filling out a questionnaire or other documents. Choose a single option for transliteration and stick to it wherever your information is required.
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with examples of various combinations of Russian names, patronymics and surnames. This checklist will help you practice writing your full name in English.
Please note that although we used different transliteration standards, within the same name, the uniformity of the transmission of Russian sounds in Latin letters is observed.
Petrova Aleksandra Pavlovna — Petrova Aleksandra Pavlovna.
Sinitsyn Anton Pavlovich — Sinitsyn Anton Pavlovich.
Karelin Vladimir Sergeevich — Karelin Vladimir Sergeevich.
Kozlova Elena Vladimirovna — Kozlova Elena Vladimirovna.
Kuzmenko Yulia Filippovna — Kuzmenko Yuliya Filippovna.
Fedoruk Roman Konstantinovich — Fedoruk Roman Konstantinovich.
Ivanova Tatyana Nikolaevna — Ivanova Tat`yana Nikolaevna.
Pavlenko Maria Vladimirovna — Pavlenko Mariia Vladimirovna.
Nefyodov Denis Arkadievich — Nefyodov Denis Arkad`evich.
Katrushina Lyudmila Mikhaylovna — Katrushina Lyudmila Mikhaylovna.
Lesovaya Olesya Evgenievna — Lesovaya Olesya Evgen`evna.
Tatarchuk Igor Grigorievich — Tatarchuk Igor Grigorevich.
Somova Irina Yaroslavovna — Somova Irina Iaroslavovna.
Korolyova Aleksandra Leonidovna — Korolyova Aleksandra Leonidovna.
Krupnov Igor Valerievich — Krupnov Igor` Valer`evich.
Anisova Marina Valentinovna — Anisova Marina Valentinovna.
Lisitsina Daria Yurievna — Lisitsina Daria Iurevna.
Knowing the rules of transliteration will allow you not to be afraid that you misspell your Russian name in English. This will increase trust from foreign partners and minimize the likelihood of being misunderstood.
Read the material on the topic: The most beautiful words in English: TOP-50
Some features of spelling words in English
Up to this point, we have talked exclusively about written speech. We hope that you have understood the principle of transmitting Russian sounds in Latin letters, memorized difficult cases and now you will easily write not only your first and last name, but also all your friends. Now let’s touch on the topic of oral communication and talk about the international phonetic alphabet.
In our country, in order to avoid mistakes, it is customary to spell a word using proper names (for example, «telephone» — Tamara, Elena, Larisa, Elena, Fedor, Olga, Nikolay). The same system is used by traffic police officers for sounding car numbers over the radio (U 508 KT — Ulyana 508 Kirill Timofey).
In English-speaking countries, a specially invented phonetic alphabet operates:
A — Alfa.
B — Bravo.
C — Charlie.
D — Delta.
E — Echo.
F — Foxtrot.
G — Golf.
H — Hotel.
I — India.
J — Juliet.
K — Kilo.
L — Lima.
M — Mike.
N — November.
O — Oscar.
P — Papa.
Q — Quebec.
R — Romeo.
Source: https://www.englishpatient.org/articles/russkie-imena-na-anglijskom-yazyke
Transliteration online — transliteration from Russian into English according to GOST and rules
The online resource presented on this page will help you perform the correct transliteration from Russian into English of the necessary data: names, titles, URLs of site pages.
Online transliteration (online transliteration) is a convenient and easy-to-use program that will facilitate your work and help you correctly present the necessary information in the Latin alphabet in automatic mode.
Use it to correctly convert Cyrillic letters to Latin letters. You will need this when drawing up documents or contracts.
Online transliteration
The advantages of our online transliterator:
- Considered rules of various systems;
- Ready URL for insertion into the site;
- Online translation in real time.
Below you can find out what transliteration is, and also get acquainted with the main transliteration systems in order to be able to independently convert the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet or their combinations and find matches if there are no transliteration translators at hand.
What is transliteration?
Transliteration is the most correct and relatively easy way to transfer text written in one alphabetical system through another, for example, Russian words in Latin letters. This method was developed by Schleicher and is still in demand today. This is logical, because thanks to this method, it becomes possible to correctly and correctly issue a driver’s license, passport, diplomas and other documents.
In other words, this is the transfer of Russian words in Latin (in English), that is, the representation of Russian words using the English alphabet. For example, «goodbye» will not sound «bye», but «dosvidaniya».
Where is it applied?
Initially, transliteration from English into Russian was studied and used mainly by translators, but today its areas of use have expanded significantly. Transliteration has become quite popular on the Internet.
When translating, professional translators use the transliteration method if:
- It is necessary to write the full name in the documents, addresses (streets), as well as other Russian letters in Latin. Here is an example of spelling a first and last name: Kovalenko — Kovalenko; Swan Street — ylitsa Lebedinaya;
- We are talking about the realities of a locality or country that do not have a designation in the target language, or there is a need to emphasize the color of the language. So, we can cite as an example the well-known borscht, which translates as «borsch», grandmother — «babushka».
If we talk about Internet technologies, here transliteration into English serves to:
- Come up with a site name or page url. Despite the English letters, many site names are easy to read in Russian.
Use in correspondence or online communication. Here, letters are often replaced by numbers or other symbols. H is often written as 4. Hat — Shapo4ka. Other options are also possible. It is also a favorite method of communication between gamers and PC users, who often use transliteration into English. In order to write Russian words in Latin, change the keyboard layout.
Most popular transliteration systems
There are various transliteration systems. They may have some differences among themselves. We propose to consider several of the most relevant transliteration methods.
Transliteration according to GOST… It is an approved document that defines how to transliterate Cyrillic languages using the Latin alphabet. GOST 7.79-2000 — adapted to the international standard ISO9, adopted in Russia.
Transliteration for documents according to ICAO requirements… ICAO stands for International Civil Aviation Organization. This organization has developed its own system of transliteration of surnames and first names. This system is often included in online transliteration from Russian to English.
TYP transliteration
Source: https://lim-english.com/posts/transliteratsiya-s-russkogo-na-angliiskij/
How to write Russian names in English letters correctly? — learning English together
When we translate a sentence, we grasp the meaning of their context. One word can have several meanings, we choose the specific one based on the meaning of the sentence. But what about the names? There are names in Russian that do not exist in English.
What to do in this case? This is a difficult situation for both English speakers and Russians, because there may be a linguistic misunderstanding. But a way out of the situation can be found.
Consider Russian names in English, the peculiarities of their translation and transliteration, and also consider foreign names that correspond to Russian. Forward for new knowledge!
Parallel Russian names with English
First of all, you should pay attention to transliteration. Transliteration of names is an important point in the correct translation of a Russian name into English. Why is Peter spelled Pyotr? What is the reason for such a translation? Why can’t you just write Petr?
This is because there is such a thing as reality. These are peculiar ethno-national characteristics, distinctive characteristics of the people, their customs and way of life, which are not found in other peoples.
That is why, in order to eliminate the language barrier, the US State Department has developed a whole methodology that explains the features of translating letters from Cyrillic to Latin.
The result can be seen in the table below (with English letters):
A -> A | And -> I | C -> S | B -> omitted |
B -> B | Y -> Y | T -> T | S -> Y |
B -> V | K -> K | Y -> U | B -> omitted |
G -> G | L -> L | Ф -> F | E -> E |
D -> D | M -> M | X -> KH | YU -> YU |
E -> E, YE | H -> N | TS -> TS | I -> YA |
E -> E, YE | O -> O | H -> CH | |
F -> ZH | P -> P | SH -> SH | |
Z -> Z | P -> R | Щ -> SHCH |
It can be seen from the table that not all letters that are in Russian exist in English (good practice to repeat the alphabet). For example, ъ and ь are omitted in the English language, that is, they do not need to be translated. It is important to remember that there are Russian letters that are designated as two in English, for example, Ш -> SH, Ц -> TS, Ч -> CH.
Elena will be Yelena, Parfenov will be Parfenov.
Students who are just starting to learn the specifics of transliteration can find it difficult to grasp the difference. In this case, you need to memorize the examples given, and with time and practice it will be possible to easily translate the names yourself.
The letters E and E should be translated as E, but if the letter E is at the beginning of the word, after the letters b, b or a vowel, then it should be translated as YE:
- Elina => Elina
- Eremin => Yeremin
- Medvedev => Medvedev.
Special attention should be paid to the endings. The pearls of the Russian alphabet, b and b, are not subject to the understanding of foreigners, so they are simply omitted, that is, they are not translated in any way: Lifting -> Podyomny, Daria -> Darya.
If we talk about the endings IY and YY, which are popular in Russian, then everything is simple: both endings are translated as Y:
- Bravy -> Bravy
- Bold -> Smely
- Dmitry -> Dmitry
The name Julia, popular in Russian, is translated as follows:
Pay attention! Yu and I are designated in English by two letters. But they are not the only ones. Ж and Х are also denoted by two letters => ZH and, accordingly, KH, for example:
- Jacqueline -> Zhaklin
- Mikhail -> Mikhail.
The letter C, which is often used in Russian surnames, is translated as TS, CH — as CH:
- Chernova -> Chernova
- Tsaryova -> Tsaryova.
As for the letter Ш, it is also translated by two letters — Sh, and Щ — in whole four — SHCH. Let’s look at examples:
- Shchitkova -> Shchitkova
- Shalamba -> Shalamba.
Russian names in English: is there a match?
And now the question: how to introduce yourself to a foreigner so that he understands that this is your name, and not an adjective to something? What are we talking about? About the same realities. Translating Russian names is often problematic.
Imagine that you are saying to a foreigner My name is Nastya, which, if translated literally, would mean My name is Nastya. The word Nastya is associated with nasty, which translated from English means disgusting, nasty, unpleasant.
The Russian name Nastya, when translated into English, corresponds to Anastasia.
Things are even more fun with Svetlana. Svitlana is associated with sweat Lana, which means sweaty Lana, or sweet Lana, sweet Lana.
If we are talking about names that end in b, then we omit the letter. The name Igor will sound like Igor, while phonetically the word will sound solid. Remember, there are no mitigations in English.
Important! It should be remembered that many Russian names are adapted to English (not spelled the way we used to see them). Here is a small list showing the spelling of Russian names in English with translation:
Men’s names
- Alexander — Eligzande (Alexander)
- Michael — Michael
- Karl — Charles
- Ivan — John, Ivan
- Matthew — Matthew
- Daniel — Daniel
- Heraclius — Heracl
- Gabriel — Gabriel
- Claudius — Claude
- Anatoly — Anatole
- Andrew — Andrew
- Basil — Basil
- Benjamin — Benjamin
- Vincent — Vincent
- George — George (George) Eugene — Eugene (Eugene)
- Ephraim — Geoffrey
- Ilya — Elias
- Joseph, Osip — Joseph
- Leo — Leo
- Nicholas — Nicholas
- Paul — Paul
- Peter — Pite (Peter)
- Sergei — Serge
- Stepan — Stephen, Stephen (Steven, Stephen)
- Fedor — Theodore
- Jacob — Jacob
Female names
- Agnes / Agnia — Agnes
- Alice — Alice
- Anastasia — Anastacia
- Antonina — Antonia
- Valentine — Valentine
- Valeria — Valery
- Barbara — Barbara
- Dasha — Dolly Dolly (Dorothy)
- Eve — Eve
- Eugenia — Eugenie
- Catherine — Catherine, Catherine
- Elena — Helen
- Jeanne — Joan (Joanne, Jean)
- Zoe — Zoe
- Irina — Irene
- Caroline — Caroline
- Laura — Laura, Lauren (Laura, Lauren)
- Mary — Mary
- Natalia — Natalie
- Pauline — Paulina
- Rita — Margaret
- Sophia — Sophie
- Suzanne — Susan
- Julia — Julia
The list shows that female English names, including the really beautiful ones, they can be radically different from the Russians. For example, who would have thought that Jeanne would be Joana and Elena would be Helen? The same can be said for the spelling of male names. Is Ivan associated with John? But this is so! Translated into English, Ivan will be none other than John!
There are names that are easily translated and understood, for example, Natalia and Natalie, Valeria and Valery. But in any case, the words from the list must be studied in order to appear before the eyes of a foreigner as a literate and educated person.
First name, middle name. What is the difference?
When we say first name, it means first name, second name — last name. First name can also be replaced with given name, second name with surname or family name.
But the middle name is not the fatherland, as some believe, but the middle name in English names. It’s no secret that in England children are often called two, three, or even four names.
For example, the name for the girl Anna-Marie Lisa Oster is a common thing.
As for the fatherland, it sounds like patronymic. Knowing to distinguish between first name, surname and patronymic is especially useful for those who are going to apply for a passport. In an official setting, everything is strict and each column must be filled out clearly and correctly.
Examples of how to write a first name in English, fatherland and last name:
- Lesovaya Olesya Evgenievna — Lesovaya Olesya Evgen`evna.
- Korolyova Aleksandra Leonidovna — Korolyova Aleksandra Leonidovna.
- Tatarchuk Igor Grigorievich — Tatarchuk Igor Grigorevich.
- Somova Irina Yaroslavovna — Somova Irina Iaroslavovna.
- Krupnov Igor Valerievich — Krupnov Igor` Valer`evich.
- Anisova Marina Valentinovna — Anisova Marina Valentinovna.
- Nefyodov Denis Arkadievich — Nefyodov Denis Arkad`evich.
- Lisitsina Daria Yurievna — Lisitsina Daria Iurevna.
- Karelin Vladimir Sergeevich — Karelin Vladimir Sergeevich.
- Kuzmenko Yulia Filippovna — Kuzmenko Yuliya Filippovna.
- Fedoruk Roman Konstantinovich — Fedoruk Roman Konstantinovich.
- Pavlenko Maria Vladimirovna — Pavlenko Mariia Vladimirovna.
- Kozlova Elena Vladimirovna — Kozlova Elena Vladimirovna.
- Petrova Aleksandra Pavlovna — Petrova Aleksandra Pavlovna.
- Ivanova Tatyana Nikolaevna — Ivanova Tat`yana Nikolaevna.
- Sinitsyn Anton Pavlovich — Sinitsyn Anton Pavlovich.
Summing up
Names in English are an interesting topic to learn. How to spell a name in English is the first thing to know when you plan to visit a foreign country or visit a government office. At the same time, it is worth remembering the realities, because in the English language there may be no analogues of Russian names.
And more importantly: remember about transliteration. If it is easy to say verbally, then there may be problems with spelling. Initially, it is important that everything you learn is written with transliteration, so that the pronunciation is correct, and the names are correctly transliterated. If you find it difficult to read names in English, then transcription should be your first assistant on the way to solving the problem.
Learn English names, but don’t forget how to write Russian. Good luck and inspiration to conquer new heights of knowledge!
Source: https://valente-shop.ru/bez-rubriki/kak-pravilno-pisat-russkie-imena-anglijskimi-bukvami-uchim-anglijskij-vmeste.html
Russian words in Latin letters. Why is it better not to do this in SMS?
Bulk SMS is a common phenomenon these days, without which no company and organization can do. The main advantage of using SMS messaging is budget and ease of use.
To this day, it remains unclear where the fashion for framing texts in capital Latin letters came from, but the fact remains. Capital letters surround us at every turn.
After conducting a social survey, in most cases, the text written in capital letters annoys people, thereby negatively attuning them to the informational message. Many people believe that if the interlocutor addresses you with the help of transliteration, then thereby he expresses his disrespect for you.
Also, it is extremely difficult to read it and concentrate your attention on the main thing, because much more time is spent on reading such a message.
People who use this technique naively believe that in this way they focus attention on one or another information, but in fact it is simply lost against the general background due to the lack of contrast between the letters.
Why is it better not to do this in SMS?
Based on the tariffs of operators, one message in Cyrillic is considered to be seventy characters, when the same message is one hundred and sixty in Latin. From the purely economic point of view, it seems that sending messages in Russian words in Latin letters much cheaper and more economical.
What factors influence SMS sending?
- Do not exceed the length of messages. Remember that SMS should not be more than 134 characters, otherwise the message will automatically become unreadable.
- Benefit when writing messages in Russian words in Latin letters Obviously, but do not forget that the spelling of some words of the Russian language takes significantly more Latin letters than in the original.
- Often, messages written in Latin characters cause irritation and indignation on the part of buyers, because not everyone will be able to correctly read and comprehend them.
- Not all names are correctly reproduced in Latin, which can lead to misunderstandings.
- People who know English well will feel uncomfortable reading such a message, which will only cause negative emotions in them.
If you nevertheless decide to save your finances in this way, then do everything possible to keep your texts literate and readable. It is important to do good work on the text in order to be able to fit the necessary important information into a limited number of characters. Ideally, it is better to ask buyers in advance how they feel about advertising texts in the Latin alphabet and whether they are ready to receive such.
This can save you from negative reviews and outrage from buyers.
In spite of everything, Russian words in Latin letters have a right to exist. It is widely used in print and television. Perhaps it is because of this that people believe that in this way they can emphasize the main thing in their information, draw attention to it.
In what situations is this not only permissible, but also relevant?
This combination is good when there is no connection with reading advertising and not only messages, for example, in company logos.
If you really want to convey an extremely important idea to the buyer, then a competently and originally composed message will do it by itself, without the use of additional means.
The use of capital letters, on the contrary, can aggravate the situation, causing disgust for your text and a banal desire not to continue reading. Therefore, before using the Latin alphabet several times, think about whether you are ready for such consequences.
Last update: December 09, 2017 at 10:23
Source: http://sms.ru/latin
Writing in English. Surname, name, patronymic: Russians in English, transliteration and translation service
Online service: transliteration of text — writing Russian characters in Latin.
About transliteration of Russian names and surnames
When filling out registration forms, questionnaires, drawing up various kinds of documents (for example, a passport or visa), you have to write your last name, first name, address in Latin (English) letters. This service allows automate translation (transliteration) Russian letters in English.
How to spell the surname and first name correctly in English? What is the correct name for a Russian site in English letters? There are various systems or rules for transliterating first and last names (transliteration of Russian words).
They are based on the process of simple replacement of the letters of the Russian alphabet with the corresponding letters or combinations of letters of the English alphabet (see below).
The difference between the systems of transliteration of names and surnames is observed when translating some letters, for example, E, E, b, b and diphthongs (combinations of a vowel letter and Y).
A — A | K — K | X — KH |
B — B | L — L | Ts — TS (TC) |
B — V | M — M | H — CH |
G — G | H — N | W — SH |
D — D | O — O | Щ — SHCH |
E — E, YE | P — P | B — |
E — E, YE | P — R | S — Y |
F — ZH | C — S | B — |
Z — Z | T — T | E — E |
I — I | U — U | Yu — YU (IU) |
Y — Y (I) | F — F | I am YA (IA) |
To translate english letters в русские paste your text into the top input field and click the «Do» button. As a result, in the lower input field, you will get a translation of the Russian text into a transcript (Russian words in English letters).
Note. Since March 16, 2010, new rules for transliteration of the Cyrillic alphabet for the Russian alphabet have been used when issuing a passport. The result may not match the old name, for example, on a plastic card.
In order for the name to be entered in the passport correctly (as before), that is, so that it coincides with the name on the credit card or driver’s license, you must additionally submit a corresponding application.
Example: Julia according to the new system will be Iuliia, most likely you will want Julia or Yuliya (which, in my opinion, is more harmonious).
When issuing a driver’s license, a transliteration system is used that is different from a passport, similar to the system for a US visa. At the request of the owner, the entry in Latin letters in the driver’s license can
To buy a plane ticket, a future traveler needs to select a suitable site for this and fill out a special form for purchasing tickets, and here most Internet users may have problems.
Airlines require personal data in the Latin alphabet, and the number of letters in the Russian alphabet is greater than in any other that uses the Latin alphabet, for example, English. The main difficulty is the translation from Russian into Latin of those letters that are found only in the Russian alphabet.
How, then, can you write your data correctly? This article lists all the nuances that are fraught with translation from Russian into Latin for air tickets.
Using transliteration to buy tickets in 2018
After a suitable site for purchasing an air ticket is found, the required flight is selected, to complete the purchase procedure, you need to enter the passenger’s personal data, in particular, full name, into a special form on the site.
For example, on the Aeroflot website it looks like the one shown below.
Aeroflot website
The general rules for buying air tickets read: the translation of the name and surname is made in strict accordance with the data of the document according to which such a ticket will be issued.
There may be options here:
- If this is a passport issued after March 2016, you just need to enter your data on the website as it is written in the passport in Latin letters.
- If this is a passport issued before March 2016, you must also enter your full name in Latin, as in your passport. In this case, the rule of correspondence between the input data and the passport data prevails over the transliteration rules adopted by the Ministry. The law of the Russian Federation provides for the right of every citizen to submit an application and issue a passport with the spelling of his full name in Latin, which is already used for his bank card, driver’s license or other documents.
- If it is a civil passport or birth certificate, then the transliteration of the name and surname will have to be done independently.
Source: https://eilathome.ru/vidy-rabot/napisanie-na-angliiskom-familiya-imya-otchestvo-russkie-na.html
Online transliteration of words in Latin
Transliteration (short for «transliteration») is the spelling of words from one language with the letters of another. As a rule, a Cyrillic text written in Latin letters is called transliteration. For example, the question How to translate Russian into transliteration? can be written How to translate english v translit?
There are several types of transliteration, the most common of which can be called Transcription — transliteration based on the sound of letters. The principle of phonetic correspondence between Russian and Latin letters is used here: d → j, q → c, s → y, u → ju, i → ja or d → y, q → ts, h → ch, w → sh, e → ye, u → yu, i → ya… Thus, our example above can be written differently How pyeryevyesti russkiy v translit?
iTRANSLIT uses informal transliteration, which is primarily useful for writing letters, sms and other texts when the use of Russian text is inconvenient or impossible. If you need to translate your first and last name into a foreign.
passport, it will be correct to use official sources, since the passport uses exact transliteration, not very readable for texts — perevesti reads better than pyeryyevyesti, but for first and last names, the second option is more suitable.
If our service turns out to be useful to you, we would be grateful if you share a link to it on social networks.
iTRANSLIT is a fast and free way to translate Cyrillic text into Latin alphabet. Transliteration will be useful for those who need to translate first name, last name and other words into English.
Transliteration is also used by website and blog owners to create URLs from article titles — the Russian text of the article is converted into a readable link. True, for this it is better to use a special URL converter, since in addition to transliterating words, the URL should not contain spaces and punctuation marks. Take advantage of our URL generator to instantly generate SEO-friendly links.
How does iTRANSLIT work?
iTRANSLIT replaces each letter in a word with the corresponding analogue of the English alphabet, while the punctuation marks remain unchanged. We use javascript to instantly translate the entered text, so no re-page is required.
How to write Russian names in English letters correctly?
There is nothing more natural than to start learning English by spelling your own name using the letters of the Latin alphabet.
The spelling of Russian names in English is often difficult, largely because there are no uniform rules on this score. However, a set of general principles can still be defined.
- Read about the special rules of transliteration currently used when issuing passports in our article.
General rules for transliterating names
The first thing to remember is first and last names are not translated, especially when it comes to documents and business correspondence. You should not select English-speaking counterparts and call Elena — Helen, and Michael — Michael. Instead, the name should be transliterated., that is, write in Latin. In this case, the following correspondence system can be used:
A | A | Andrey (Andrey) | О | О | Olga (Olga) |
Б | B | Boris (Boris) | П | P | Pavel (Pavel) |
В | V | Valery (Valery) | Р | R | Roman (Novel) |
Г | G | Gleb (Gleb) | С | S | Sergey (Sergey) |
Д | D | Dmitry (Dmitry) | T | T | Tatyana (Tatiana) |
Е | Ye / E | Yelena, Elena (Elena) | У | U | Ulyana |
Ё | Yo / E | Pyotr, Petr | Ф | F | Filipp (Philip) |
Ж | Zh | Zhanna (Jeanne) | Х | Kh | Khariton (Khariton) |
З | Z | Zinaida | Ц | Ts | Tsarev (Tsarev) |
И | I | Irina (Irina) | Ч | Ch | Chaykin |
Й | Y | Timofey (Timofeй) | Ш | Sh | Sharov (Sharov) |
K | K | Konstantin (Constantine) | Щ | Shch | Shchepkin (Shchepkin) |
Л | L | Larisa | Ы | Y | Myskin (Mыskin) |
М | М | Margarita | Э | E | Eldar |
Н | N | Nikolay (Nikolay) | Ю | Yu | Yury (Yuri) |
Я | Ya | Yaroslav (Yaroslav) |
Special rules for transliterating names
In addition to the more obvious rules of transliteration, there are cases when it is not entirely clear how a particular name should be written. Let’s take a look at these options.
Letters b и Ъ
Source: https://skyeng.ru/articles/kak-pravilno-pisat-russkie-imena-anglijskimi-bukvami
How to write in Russian without having a Russian keyboard?
The question in the title is not fiction, it is one of several aspects of computer literacy. Probably, you are faced with a situation when people on forums or somewhere in the comments begin to write their arguments in Russian in English letters.
For example, it might look like this: “privet! U menya vse otlichno, kazhdiy den ‘vstrechi Pogoda u nas tozhe zamechatel’naya, tol’ko blizhe k nochi stanovitsya prohladno «.
Or the same thing: “hello! I’m fine, meet every day Our weather is also wonderful, but it gets chilly towards night. «
Such texts, especially if they are long, are tiresome to read. And some do not read them at all, because they do not want to strain with text recognition. Agree that to some extent these texts can be considered an encrypted rebus.
The problem is that the Latin alphabet has 26 letters, and the Russian one has 33 letters. For this reason, many replace the missing Russian letters with not always clear combinations of Latin letters.
Some of our Russian compatriots, who have been abroad for some time, or whose children have gone abroad, write to me about such problems. Usually, in such cases, foreign users do not have a computer with a Russian keyboard at hand.
Moreover, these foreign computers may not have the Russian keyboard layout installed. Accordingly, the user has to be content with the Latin alphabet and write in Russian in English letters, i.e. write transliteration.
Transliteration program
This problem has a simple solution. For this, programs have been created that have the name «transliteration» (in abbreviated form — transliteration), which means automatic translation of text written in Latin letters into text in Russian.
These programs work in different ways. In some, you need to type the text in Latin letters, and then on the command, for example, «Transliterate», the text is «translated» by replacing the Latin letters with Russian ones.
In other programs, by typing the text in Latin, you can immediately see the text being created in Russian on the screen. This is exactly what happens in the porusski.net program.
An example of a program that performs transliteration:
www.porusski.net
If you follow the link above, you will be taken to a page similar to this one:
Rice. 1 (click on the picture to enlarge). Write in Russian when there is no Russian keyboard. You can choose different layouts.
1 in fig. 1 — if you click on the button “Show / hide the layouts menu”, then you can select the layouts menu convenient for you, namely:
- English, USA
- German
- Swedish
- French
- Italian
- Spanish
- Hebrew
- British
- Norwegian
2 in Fig. 1 — shows the current layout, which is currently active. You will be pressing keys on your keyboard, which does not have Russian letters. And in window 3 in Fig. 1 Russian text will appear as you enter it. The layout can be changed to a more convenient one using button 1 in fig. 1.
3 in Fig. 1 — hurray, here will be the Russian text, after you gradually type it.
Regardless of the method of transliteration, the user of such a program has the opportunity, by typing in Latin letters, to create a text in Russian (in Armenian, in Hebrew, etc.). This text can be placed via the clipboard in other programs, for example, in programs for forums, chats, e-mail, etc. to communicate with compatriots in their native language.
How to add a language to your computer
The transliteration method is simple and convenient. However, it does not always suit everyone. If the user is abroad for a long time, then it is difficult to constantly write in transliteration.
Another option, when the transliteration program will not save: the computer was purchased abroad, of course, there are only Latin letters on the keyboard. And I want to print and communicate with compatriots in their native language. The way out can be like this.
To add a new language to the computer’s language bar, follow the path (for Windows XP):
— Control Panel — Regional and Language Options — «Languages» tab, «Details» button.
In the “Add input language” window that opens, select the language you need and perform the necessary actions that the program asks for.
Now the computer will print in the language you set when you switch keyboard layouts. Thus, with the software you have agreed on an understanding, it remains to deal with the hardware, that is, in this case, with the keyboard. After all, on the keyboard, for example, Russian letters will not be drawn automatically, but the Latin alphabet will remain.
You can write your native alphabet on the keyboard, for example, with a felt-tip pen. Cheap and cheerful. There is a more aesthetic solution: to purchase stickers in a computer store (or in an online store), where there are both Latin and native alphabet. Then stick them in the correct order on the keyboard — and there is no limit to joy!
If you dream, it would be nice to learn how to write in any language without knowing it and having only the Russian keyboard! But, alas, programmers and linguists haven’t come up with this yet!
Additional materials:
1. What about your English?
2. Computer keyboard
3. About some secrets of the function keys on a laptop
4. How can I learn to touch-type with Stamina?
5. The meaning of some keys on the keyboard
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Source: https://www.compgramotnost.ru/klaviatura-mysh/kak-pisat-na-russkom-ne-imeya-russkoj-klaviatury
How to spell Russian names in English correctly | Articles in English on Study.ru
- Transliteration table
- Name transcription rules
- Spelling names for a passport
The ability to write Russian names in English is a very important skill, but it is not so easy to get it. In this article, we will analyze the basic rules for spelling names in Latin.
Literacy in the spelling of names is necessary when filling out international documents, obtaining a visa and a passport. In the translation of the name, mistakes must not be made, because one inaccuracy can lead to unpleasant consequences. You may be denied a visa or your ticket may not be accepted. So that you avoid difficulties in spelling and can correctly translate your first and last name, we have prepared this article and an analysis of the topic.
Transliteration table
For accurate translation of signs of different languages, a special transliteration system was created, in which the letter of one language has an exact analogue in another.
The existence of this system greatly facilitates the process of translating the name, however, these rules change from time to time, so you need to be careful and follow the latest updates. Below is a table with options for female and male names, in which each character is accurately reproduced in Latin.
А | A | Aleksey (Alexey) |
Б | B | Boris (Boris) |
В | V | Vladimir (Vladimir) |
Г | G | Gleb (Gleb) |
Д | D | Dmitry (Dmitry) |
Е | Ye / E | Yelena, Elena (Elena) |
Ё | Yo / E | Pyotr, Petr |
Ж | Zh | Zhanna (Jeanne) |
З | Z | Zinaida |
И | I | Irina (Irina) |
AND | Y | Nikolay (Nikolay) |
К | K | Kirill |
Л | L | Ludmila (Lyudmila) |
М | M | Marina |
Н | N | Nadezhda (Hope) |
О | О | Oleg (Oleg) |
П | P | Pavel (Pavel) |
Р | R | Roman (Novel) |
С |
Source: https://www.study.ru/article/grammar/russkie-imena-na-angliyskom-yazyke
How to make Russian words in English letters in CNC links — Sergey Arsentiev
So, you have created a website, congratulations.
Now you are probably wondering, why should I start SEO optimization, so that it grows quickly and correctly in search. It is clear that there is a huge amount of all sorts of different works to promote the site, but I recommend starting with the correct transliteration from Russian into English by CNC of links on it.
I think you are already familiar with the important rule of SEO page optimization, which states that all links on the site must be in CNC form.
CNC links — these are the so-called human-understandable urls. That is, on your site, product or article pages should look something like the one on my blog, that is:
http://ваш-сайт/index.php?route=product/product&path=162&product_id=2001 — неправильно
http://ваш-сайт/ремонт-квартир-в-минске — неправильно
http://ваш-сайт/remont-kvartir-v-minske — правильно
If you are planning to engage in search engine promotion of your web resource, then I recommend that the links on your CNC site are initially configured correctly, because when time passes and the site grows, and you suddenly decide to do SEO, then all links will have to be changed manually, and this quite a large amount of work, and even then redirects will have to be done.
And the owner of the site in this case most often ends up either on time, or on money, or on all at once, but do you need this? Do it immediately according to your mind and you will not have to redo it later.
In this article, I will offer both specific services for the transcription of Russian words into English, as well as options for plugins that make automatic transliteration and generation of SEO URLs and which I use on my blog and in ready-made solutions.
Where to begin
So, immediately after creating the site, you need to make sure that any materials added to the site (articles, news, categories, menus, products, files, pictures, etc.) are initially made transliteration, that is, Russian words have been replaced with suitable English letters.
Someone will ask: why can’t you just turn on the CNC in the settings and let the urls be in Russian? Who needs this transliteration anyway?
There are two arguments for this:
- After transliteration, Russian words in English letters in links are easy to read on any devices and when copying, neither you nor your clients are guaranteed to have to deal with something like this: http: // your-site / mobilnye-telefony /% D1% 81% D1% 81% D1% 8B% D0% BB% D0% BA% D0% B8% 20% D0% B2% 20% D1% 82% D1% 80% D0% B0% D0% BD% D1% 81% D0% BB% D0% B8% D1% 82% D0% B5% 20% D1% 8D% D1% 82% D0% BE% 20% D0% BF% D1% 80% D0% B0% D0% B2% D0% B8% D0% BB% D1% 8C% D0% BD% D0% BE
- Russian characters in links, files or pictures can be incorrectly processed both by the software of the server where the site is located, and by various modules and add-ons for the site (especially foreign ones). I have come across situations when very necessary modules completely refused to work and gave errors exactly when they had to open categories or other elements of sites that were made without transliteration.
I personally encountered problems when moving to other hosting services: Russian files and links could simply be inaccessible due to 100500 different reasons.
So when, during an unplanned move, half of the pictures are lost, and you have to, restraining the swear words, restore them with pens changing each name, you will remember this article and think: why didn’t I immediately do everything humanly and reinforced concrete.
Online transliteration from Russian to English
Naturally, on your site you can manually replace all incorrect links with the correct CNC links in English transliteration. But for this you only need to know: what Latin letters do you need to correctly write certain Russian sounds or words, for example, «rain» will be like «dojd» or «dogd», or maybe «doshzd»?
Do not rack your brains, from the point of view of Yandex, it will be correct: dozhd
There are a lot of services on the Internet that allow you to make transliteration, but only a few of them make the transcription of Russian words into English 100% correct, in accordance with the established standards.
So it is most logical to do transliteration of Russian characters into Latin according to the rules of search engines.
The most well-known rules from Yandex, which are usually called so Yandex Translit.
Please note that on the popular transliteration service according to the Yandex rules http://translit-online.ru/yandex.html it is written about this directly:
So use this service with default settings and you will have high-quality CNC links with correct transliteration.
And vice versa: do not transliterate with the first tools and online services that you come across or unverified! You need to be completely sure that all the rules for replacing Russian words with English letters are observed.
Here is the author of this service on one of the forums writes:
So I use http://translit-online.ru/yandex.html in manual mode and recommend it to you
But by the way, why bother manually?
If you have already heeded my advice and made your site on a popular control panel, like WordPress or Opencart, then transliteration there can be done automatically using special extensions.
Plugin for transliteration of cnc links for WordPress
In general, I originally conceived this entire article as a kind of «thank you» to an intelligent author who made a really useful and working plug-in that replaces Russian words with English characters (does transliteration), thereby giving the links a normal appearance.
There are, in principle, quite a few such plugins.
I started working at one time with Rus-To-Lat, then I tried Cyr-To-Lat, then something like Rus Filename Translit Advanced, etc.
But alas, all of them, as it turned out, had one or another drawback.
For example, they did not translate file names or did not work according to transliteration rules, or cut off part of the SEO URL, or there was no forced transliteration mode from Russian into English.
So I settled on WP Translitera
Source: https://moytop.com/prodvizhenie-sajtov/translit-s-russkogo-na-anglijskij-chpu-ssylki
How to write the address correctly in English?
Registration of an address in different countries has its own characteristics, so it is worth paying attention to certain norms and standards.
When you write an address on an envelope, the main rule to follow is that the address must be clear to the postman. If, of course, you want the letter to find the addressee. Registration of an address in different countries has its own characteristics, so it is worth paying attention to certain norms and standards.
Rules for writing an address in English
1. Write the address on the envelope in large block letters. The recipient’s address should be written larger than the sender’s address.
2. At the top left is the sender’s address, in the lower right corner — the recipient.
3. The order of the address lines:
- Receiver name
- Organization (if it is a business letter)
- House number, street name, apartment number
- Name of the city (or state in the United States)
- Postcode
- The name of the country
Sample address writing in English:
These are the main rules that should be followed when writing an address. But each country may have its own format for writing the address in English.
Sending a letter to the USA
The name of the state is not written in full, but is shortened to two letters. For example: AL — ALabama. A complete list of abbreviations can be found on the official US Postal Service portal.
Sending a letter to the UK
The name of the city on the envelope is written in capital letters — in accordance with the requirements of the Royal Postal Service of Great Britain.
Sending a business letter
Indicate the organization to which the letter should be delivered. If you do not know the name of the addressee, it is enough to limit yourself to the name of the organization. If you do know the name, do not forget to add the appropriate contact form:
- Mr. — man
- Mrs. — a woman who is married
- Miss — to a woman who is not married
- Ms. — a woman whose marital status you do not know anything about
Errors when writing an address in English
The main mistake you can make when writing an address is an error in the index. Therefore, be sure to check again all the data on the envelope before sending. Remember: in order for the letter to be delivered, the address must be clear to the postman who will deliver it.
You do not need to indicate your name on the envelope: in English-speaking countries, the sender’s name is indicated at the end of the letter — this is quite enough.
The procedure for specifying an address in English-speaking countries is somewhat different from what we are used to: house number, street, zip code, place. If you are sending a letter from Ukraine, then the sender’s address must be indicated in the order that is correct for your country.
Difficulties can also arise when translating an address from Russian into English and vice versa. Keep in mind that the address must be understood by postal workers in a particular country.
How to translate an address from Russian to English?
Since the return address, if you send a letter from Ukraine, is intended for domestic services, it does not need to be translated, but transliterated. Just write all the names in Latin letters. It’s easier with numbers: they both have them and we have Arabic ones.
Ivanenko AR
ul. Kosmonavtov 38-15
Lviv
Lvivska region
112233
UKRAINE
This option is possible: Prospekt Zhukova 15, stroenie 10, kvartira 2. If you start using the words “district” or “Zhukova St., Apt. 2 ”, no matter how clear they may seem to you, your letter may not find the addressee. The name of the country is the only thing that foreign postal workers need to read, which means it is important not to forget about it.
And if you need to learn English in order to be able to correspond with your foreign friends, you can go to the English courses in Kharkov My English World. Here you can quickly learn a language for different purposes
How to translate an address from English to Russian?
You write the address on the envelope in English. There is no need to translate it — it is important for the postal services of another country. But if you need to use a foreign address in business documents, then transliteration will also help you. For example:
3 Queen Caroline street, Hammersmith, London W6 9PE — United Kingdom
3 Queen Caroline Street, Hammersmith, London W6 9PE, UK
We wish you only good news in letters from different countries!
Source: https://enguide.ua/magazine/kak-pravilno-pisat-adres-na-angliyskom-yazyke
Aliexpress russian letters in english 2020
Not in English. How to correctly fill in the delivery address on Aliexpress. And the whole point is. Since the transliteration is made according to GOST 7. All Russian names must be filled in English letters. That you need to remember no Russian letters. If the site was made in Chinese. Transliteration will be It is this transfer that is needed when filling out the delivery address for. You can translate your shipping address for the aliexpress website here.
How to translate text from English. That is, Russian words are written in English letters. This page provides an online service for translating Russian text into transliteration. Communication with the seller is one of the features of the site. How to write Russian words in Latin English letters. Why we get an incomprehensible translation. How to write your full name and delivery address in English on Aliexpress. An example of the service Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich rus.
Which is present in all fonts and in all encodings. How to correctly fill in the delivery address on. What street did you write. Words are written in English letters. Russian spelling of the surname of the name in the passport in Latin letters. Wholesale goods on request English in Russian letters at. We offer thousands of product varieties of all brands and specifications. how to fill in the address.
You have registered for Aliexpress or any other overseas online store. Where should your order arrive in English. City when shopping in foreign online stores. I can do it with confidence. Library of addresses for Aliexpress. And all over the world. Let’s go to the aliexpress website at this link 5. Russian surname Russian name in English. Since I have already received a lot of packages. Translation of letters from English to Aliexpress. And not in Russian.
What to do with all this. Press translate and you get the English version. Write first name, patronymic and surname as in the passport
First, we open the site. Blog about products from aliexpress in 2016. When the site is displayed in Russian, I see the language selection button in the upper right. This is an international marketplace. 2019 — in Russian. Before us is a Russian-English form on a Chinese website for filling out a postal address. The difficulty lies in the fact. From transliteration — writing Russian Cyrillic text in Latin English letters. The postmen won’t even figure it out.
How to fill in the address on. To make sure that the package arrives. Advice, just look at the blank table and write down Aliexpress in the Russian delivery address. Enter in the form below in Russian letters. In which language to fill in the delivery address for. That the package would come to you. We indicate the data of your address for in English. You can’t spoil it. We fill in all the information strictly with transliteration, that is. Therefore, you will not see the parcel.
And our postmen are not required to know English. Aliexpress is a Chinese online store for purchasing goods of various categories. How to fill in the delivery address on Aliexpress. How to write delivery address in English at. Translated into RussianHow to translate Russian letters into Latin and vice versa. To figure out how correctly you are used to writing the address only in Russian. Today, everyone already knows to buy on Aliexpress is very profitable.
Which is what we will do. Which is very popular in our country. Where the streets are written in Russian. You must write in Russian. Fill out the delivery address form on. Translation transliteration of Russian letters into English. All data are filled in with transliteration. How to add a store to the blacklist on aliexpress. A translator may still be required. How to write Flower Street in English letters for Aliexpress sample.
How to fill in the correct recipient name. The address must be translated into transliteration.
How to fill in the address on Aliexpress correctly
Aliexpress is a marketplace for Chinese goods. For example the Russian word shop. Automatic translation of all text. First of all, let us draw your attention to that. Russian and English versions of the site. Universal instruction on how. At the top right, we will see such an inscription. How did you write your address in English at school, if of course you wrote. That this address is more likely to be needed by our postmen to determine the delivery address.
This translator will help you when filling out the delivery address on overseas online stores. Probably one of the most popular questions. Aliexpress, although translated into Russian. When registering and filling in the delivery address, users are lost. In the Questions and Answers on the boast, they often ask how to write the address correctly on. Translation of letters from English to Aliexpress. We write in Russian We write the text in Russian on them, we get a ready transliteration.
Translator Translit into English for Aliexpress online to translate the address. That the address is written in English. What is Aliexpress in Russian. It is understandably done through an automatic translator. and in other foreign online stores. How to write an address in English Latin letters. Russian words must be written in Latin. Spent a lot of time on that. How to fill in the delivery address correctly in English.
in this field we write the Russian word in English letters. That is unlikely Let’s find out. Website translation. Many Aliexpress users ask. It is enough to write something in the form. To quickly and without mistakes. There is a difference between filling out information for residents of megalopolises and small settlements. For every taste and size. As already mentioned, the Russian spelling of the address will not work here. Completed in Russian.
From transliteration, the spelling of the Russian Cyrillic text in Latin English letters. Go back to the Aliexpress website. So that the postal workers are not priced
Translation of Russian text into transliteration online
A violent redirect to. Extension for the translation of Aliexpress. So that the postal workers of your branch do not have any difficulties in reading it. It is necessary in English But since we live in the country. You will switch the site to English and you will later view Aliexpress in the original. Typing in the address bar is simple. Aliexpress in Russian Shop.
You have registered on the aliexpress website or in any other foreign store and now you want to make a purchase. Our task is to write the address in English Latin letters like this. Russian words in English letters and we will partially use English words. So how do you correctly write the address at 3. What is your name and surname. And click on the button Translate to transliteration. An example of online transliteration.
On a Chinese site, you must provide your address or address. Detailed video answer to the question Russian letters in English for aliexpress, your account name or password is incorrect. But in Russian it will not be able to write it in China in the databases of mail programs there is no Russian language. And go to the section MY ALIEXPRESS DELIVERY ADDRESSES. I need to fill out a delivery address form for a store.
Just helping you transliterate your address. Let’s start off with. But in Russian. Quality goods from China and the world at low prices for the Russian and CIS market. We change the language to Aliexpress. Some part of the text may not be translated due to a technical failure. And therefore, fill in the address on. But everything is there. That is the question about the delivery address for aliexpress.
A striking example of this is the spelling of Russian words in English letters and sounds. How to translate Aliexpress into English Russian Scroll down the page and click on. Therefore, filling out the address on Aliexpress must be carried out in English. On this site, customers are always waiting for great deals. You need to enter your address, the delivery address of the parcel. The delivery address for Aliexpress is filled in in the Latin alphabet.
Download the mobile app. What did you mean. Filling out forms in English letters. If you don’t understand the translation
Source: https://8621.alitheir.info/
- Подробности
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13297
Writing 10
You have 20 min to do this task.
This is part of a letter from Mark, your English pen friend:
… We’re doing a project about beliefs and superstitions in different countries. I’ve found a lot of information, but nobody knows anything about Russia. The only thing I know that in old times Russian people could forecast weather by some signs…
Could you write me a few words about Russian superstitions connected with good luck and bad luck? Are there any funny ones? Do the superstitions about the weather really help?
Write a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100 – 200 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Vladimir
Russia
April 23rd, 2013
Dear Mark,
When I got your letter, I was at a loss, because I’m not a superstitious person and I could remember only a few things to be interesting.
The first one is that number 13 is very unlucky and so is the black cat. I also know that to meet a man when you go out is good luck.
Once a friend of mine put horseshoes over all the doors in his flat and we laughed a lot when some of them fell down and hit him.
It’s a pity, I don’t know anything about superstitions connected with the weather and if they really help or not.
Got to stop writing as mum is calling me.
Write back,
Lora
Открытый урок по английскому языку по теме:
«Россия — наша Родина» (7 класс)
Учитель английского языка : Пушкина Марина
Анатольевна
Учитель информатики : Кабакова Татьяна
Борисовна
Тип урока: Урок
обобщения
Образовательные задачи:
—
учить учащихся пользоваться изученной лексикой.
—
обсуждать проблемы по теме
Воспитательные задачи:
—
прививать чувство любви к Родине
Развивающие задачи:
—
развивать навыки аудирования, чтения,
монологической и диалогической речи
—
учить решать самостоятельно проблемы на основе изученной
лексики
—
обучать делать выводы и обобщения по основным
проблемам темы
—
выявлять и развивать творческие способности
Оборудование:
лингафонный кабинет, интерактивная доска
Ход
урока.
1. The beginning of the lesson.
Good morning, dear pupils and our guests!
We are glad to see you here. We hope you are well.
Today we are having our lesson on the topic “Russia.
Our Homeland”. What do you think we shall speak about? (Pupils answer) Yes, we
shall speak about Russia, Moscow, sightseeing of Moscow.
2. The aim of our lesson is to revise the material and to
sum it up.
First of all, let’s speak about geographical position of
our country.
Before you on the table there is a map and words.
Repeat after me all together.
a) Siberia
b) The River Ob
c) The Altai Mountains
d) The East European Plain
e) The Ural Mountains
f) West Siberian Lowland
g) European Russia
h) Georgian
i) Caucasus Mountains
j) Elbrus
k) The Baltic
l) Poland
The task is
Use the right geographical names
to complete the text on the board.
I’ll give you 1 minute to look
through this text.
Russia displays a variety of
landforms and environments. Most of the land between the Baltic and (1) … is
covered by the Russian plan or (2) … . The Russian plain occupies northwestern Russia
or (3)… . To the east of the Urals is the vast (4) … or the West Siberian
Plain, the greater part of which is occupied by the basin of (5) … . Much of
(6) … is mountainous. (7) … lie south of Lake Baikal and along the border with Mongolia. Between the Black and Caspian Seas are the high (8) … which rise to (9) … at 5642
m (18510 ft) on the (10) … border. The Kaliningrad region between (11) … and Lithuania
on (12) … is a detached part of Russia
(1-e, 2-d, 3-g, 4-f, 5-b, 6-a,
7-c, 8-i, 9-j, 10-h, 11-l, 12-k)
3. The second task
We use AIKA Professional. Take
your places before the computers and listen to the text. After that do test
of 2 exercises. Don’t forget to write your code. Put your phone and open
the fist file.
Listen to the text “A Page from a
Diary” and write true, false or don’t know.
1.
There are many fantastic buildings
in Moscow.
2.
Elizabeth was in Moscow only one week.
3.
Religion is still at the heart of
the Russian culture.
4.
The dramatic changes over recent
years are hard to notice.
5.
Elizabeth traveled by metro many times.
6.
Moscow is definitely a city of contrasts.
7.
She didn’t find The Lenin
Mausoleum.
8.
People didn’t read on the metro.
9.
Moscow is the city that must be seen.
10. Russia has produced a
great number of creative and talented people.
Choose a missing word.
1.
Moscow is … a city of contrasts.
a)
definitely b) not
2.
… read a lot on the Metro.
a)
children b) people
3.
Moscow is the … that must be seen.
a)
city b)
village
4.
There are many fantastic … in Moscow.
a)
buildings b) churches
5.
Russia has … a lot of very creative and talented people.
a)
got b)
produced
6.
The Moscow Metro looks like a …
a)
simple Metro b) palace
7.
… is still at the heart of Russian
culture.
a)
communism b) religion
8.
The dramatic …1 over
recent years are … 2to notice.
1a) revolution b) changes 2a)
easy b) hard
9.
A large number of … not used for
services are beautifully kept.
a)
cathedrals b) churches
4. T: What was this text about? Moscow is the
capital of our country. Let’s speak about Moscow. We are on Red
Square and we have an excursion. P1 makes an excursion about the Kremlin.
Be attentive, she’ll ask you some questions! (Презентация о Кремле,
Р1~P2~P3…) Thank you!
What other sightseeing in Moscow can we visit? (Рассказы учеников)
P2 – Pushkin’s Museum
P3 – Tretyakov Gallery
P4 – The Bolshoy Theatre
P5 – Metro
T: So, Moscow is really the city that must be seen.
5. T: The history of our country is rich.
There are many important dates in it.
The next task for you is :
Match these dates with the
events. First read!
(1 –
1812, 2 –1237, 3 –1917, 4 — 1147, 5 –1941, 6 –1861, 7 — 1703, 8 — 1991, 9 –1980,
10 – 1613)
6. T: The history of our country is closely connected
with holidays. What holidays do you know?
P6, P7, P8…
1) Russian
Day – 12 June
2) Day
of People’s Unity – 4 November
3) Day
of Spring and Labour – 1 May
4) The
Motherland Defender’s Day – 23 February…
T: What holiday do you like to describe?
(Сообщение учащихся о праздниках)
7. T: And now it’s time to speak about Russian
people. How can you describe your nation? (Good and bad characteristics,
cultural lever, sport lovers or not, keeping traditions, hobbies…)
T: Let’s work in group. Think and then speak. P4, P5…
T: Every country has a lot of sayings. Russian people have a
lot of proverbs and sayings. Some English sayings are similar.
Your task is
To find English proverb similar
to Russian one
The way to have friend is to be one
All for one and for all
Man does not live by dread alone
Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing
A fiend in need is a friend in deed
Two heads are better than one
A man is known by the company he keeps
A great ship asks deep waters
Чтобы иметь друга, нужно быть им
Один за всех, и все за одного
Не хлебом единым жив человек
Выбирай друга не спеша, ещё меньше торопись,
расставаясь с ним
Друг в беде – настоящий друг
Один ум хорошо, а два – лучше
Сажи мне, то твой друг, и я скажу, кто ты
Большому кораблю – большое плавание
Shuba and glasnost: historical borrowings
One of the earliest borrowings from Russian was the word “sable” (from the Russian: sobol — a
carnivorous mammal of the Mustelidae family native to northern Europe and Asia). In the 12th-13th
centuries, this animal’s fur was a form of currency, and in 14th century English dictionaries the word
«sable’’ can be found. In addition to the meaning of the noun, it became an adjective for “black.”
A large number of Russian borrowings came to the English language in the 16th century, which was a
time of growing Russian-English trade and political relations. Many such words concerned traded goods:
Beluga — a type of whale or sturgeon
Starlet — a small sturgeon of the Danube basin and Caspian Sea; farmed and commercially fished for its flesh and caviar
Kvass — a fermented mildly alcoholic beverage made from rye flour or bread with malt; sometimes translated into English as “bread drink”
Shuba — a fur coat
Czar (or tsar) – Russia’s ruler until the 1917 Revolution
Ztarosta (starosta) — a title that designates an official or unofficial leader; the head of a community
(church starosta, or school starosta)
Moujik (muzhik) — a male peasant
In the 18th and 19th centuries, other Russian words originally specific to Russian history entered into
English. Nowadays, however, they mostly can be found only in historical works or books of fiction:
Ispravnik — the chief of the district police
Obrok – an annual tax formerly paid by a Russian peasant engaged in trade
Barshina — forced labor of peasants on a landlord’s land
In the 19th century, words related to the socialist and democratic movements in Russia entered into
English:
Decembrist — a participant of the uprising against Czar Nicholas I at the time of his accession in St.
Petersburg on Dec. 14, 1825
Nihilist, nihilism — a denial of the validity of traditional values and beliefs. The term spread after
publishing of the novel, Fathers and Sons (1862), by Russian writer Ivan Turgenev, where the main
character is the nihilist Bazarov.
Narodnik (from Russian “narod” — people) – a member of the 19th century rural socialist movement who
believed that political propaganda among the Russian peasantry would lead to the awakening of the
masses to challenge the czarist regime.
Intelligentsia – society’s intellectual elite
Of course, the words “nihilist,” “decembrist,” and “intelligentsia” are not truly Russian in origin and are
borrowed from Latin. However, these words came into English from Russian.
After the 1917 Revolution many Russian words appeared in many languages. Most are used to denote
completely new things and notions specific to Russia and Russian politics.
Here is a list of some well-known Russian words from the Soviet era:
Bolshevik (from Russian for “majority”) — a member of the majority faction of the Russian Social
Democratic Party, which was renamed the Communist Party after seizing power in the October
Revolution in 1917.
Samizdat — a system in the USSR and countries within its orbit by which forbidden literature was
clandestinely printed and distributed; also such literature
Soviet — a revolutionary council of workers or peasants in Russia before the Revolution; also, an elected
local, district, or national council in the former Soviet Union.
Sputnik (originally – “a traveling companion”) — the name given to a series of Soviet-era satellites; the
first objects launched into space
Cosmonaut — a Russian astronaut
Kolkhoz (abbreviation for Russian “kollektivnoye khozyaystvo”) – a cooperative agricultural enterprise
operated on state-owned land by peasants; a collective farm
Tovarishch — a companion or fellow traveler; used as a direct form of address in the Soviet Union;
equivalent to comrade
Gulag — originally an acronym for a Soviet-era system of forced-labor camps; it now can refer to any
repressive or coercive environment or situation
Apparatchik – the name given the Communist Party machine in the former Soviet Union; also a member
of the Communist Party and an official in a large organization, typically in a political one.
American
academic and author James Billington describes one as «a man not of grand plans, but of a hundred
carefully executed details.” It’s often considered a derogatory term, with negative connotations in terms
of the quality, competence, and attitude of a person thus described.
The words “pioneer” and “brigade” had existed in English, but they got new meanings as “a member of
the children’s Communist organization” and «labour collective» after the revolution in Russia. A new political regime in the 1990s created the new words, “glasnost” and “perestroika.”
Glasnost — an official policy in the former Soviet Union (especially associated with Mikhail Gorbachev)
emphasizing openness with regard to discussion of social problems and shortcomings.
Perestroika — a reform of the political and economic system of the former Soviet Union, first proposed
by Leonid Brezhnev at the 26th Communist Party Congress in 1979, and later actively promoted
by Mikhail Gorbachev starting in 1985.
Borscht and kazachoc: cultural borrowings
Other borrowings relate to Russian cultural and gastronomic traits.
Pelmeni — an Eastern European dumpling filled with minced meat, especially beef and pork, wrapped in
thin dough, and then boiled
Borscht (Borshch) — a beet soup served hot or cold, usually with sour cream
Kissel — a viscous fruit dish, popular as a dessert and as a drink
Vodka (barely needs to be introduced) — a distilled beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol,
sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings, 40 percent alcohol by volume ABV (80 US proof).
Medovukha — a Russian honey-based alcoholic beverage similar to mead
Molotov cocktail — a makeshift bomb made of a breakable container filled with flammable liquid and
with a rag wick that is lighted just before being hurled. “Cocktail” named after Vyacheslav Molotov:
while dropping bombs on Helsinki, Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov claimed the Soviets were
only dropping food and drink to their comrades.
Russian roulette — a very dangerous game of chance where each player points at their own head with
a gun that has one bullet in it and five empty chambers
Kazachoc (literally translated it means «Little Cossack») — A Slavic dance, chiefly Russian and Ukrainian,
with a fast tempo featuring a step in which a squatting dancer kicks out each leg alternately to the front.
Sambo — a Soviet martial art originally developed in the former Soviet Union. The word «SAMBO» is
an acronym for SAMozashchita Bez Oruzhiya, which literally translates as «self-defense without
weapons.»
You definitely have heard the Russian word “babushka.” When it entered into the English language, in
addition to its original meaning “grandmother,” it got another one: a type of scarf commonly worn by
babushkas.
After 1991, there were some new words such as “gopnik” or “silovik” still coming to other languages.
Gopnik — a pejorative term to describe a particular subculture in Russia and other Slavic countries that
refers to aggressive young men or women of the lower-class from families of poor education and
income, somewhat similar to American “white trash.”
Silovik — a word for state officials from the security or military services, often officers of the former KGB,
GRU, FSB, SVR, the Federal Drug Control or other security services who wield enormous political and
state power.
Some linguists even claim that one of the most popular verbs in modern English, “to talk,” has
Scandinavian roots — “tolk,” which is originally from the Russian “tolk,” “tolkovat”. And the word «milk»
was borrowed from Slavic tribes as «meolk,» and then as «milk.» There’s a similar story for other words
such as «honey» (Old English — meodu, Russian — mjod).
Try to guess the meaning of these words of Russian origin:
Shapka
Pirozhki (also piroshki)
Spetsnaz (or Specnaz)
Zek
Which Russian words have you met in other languages? Share your comments!
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Most students of Russian are probably aware that quite a hefty number of English words have crept into the Russian dictionary: ranging from джинсы (jeans) to хедж-фонд (hedge fund) But, did you know that a number of English words have Russian origins…?
Balaclava
A close-fitting garment covering the whole head and neck except for parts of the face, typically made of wool.
Balaclavas get their name from their use at the Battle of Balaclava (a town near Sevastopol in the Crimea), which took place during the Crimean War of 1854. A significant number of British troops, refused any leniency in their official (and rather impractical) uniforms, froze to death in the perishing temperatures. This scandal elicited such outrage in Britain, that Brits began hand-knitting ‘balaclavas,’ which they sent out in packages to the front, in order to keep troops warm.
Cosmonaut
An astronaut from the former Soviet Union.
This term is a direct anglicism of the Russian word космонавт, deriving from the Greek kosmos (universe) and nautes (sailor). Up until 1961, several words were used to denote a ‘cosmonaut.’ It was only after Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space, in 1961, that the word cosmonaut was officially recognised. Today, ‘astronaut’ is far more commonly used in the English language, but ‘cosmonaut’ is an official word in the dictionary, which tends to imply a Soviet astronaut. Interestingly, whilst ‘cosmos’ means ‘universe,’ ‘astro’ means ‘star.’
Gulag
A system of prison labour camps in the Soviet Union from 1930 to 1955, where many people died.
The word “Gulag” is an acronym for Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei, or Main Camp Administration. Whilst you might assume that the Gulag system was established by Stalin, it was in fact introduced in 1919 by Lenin as a progressive alternative to prison. It was under Stalin, however, that the Gulag system underwent massive expansion and that labour camps became the places of repression that they are remembered as today.
Intelligentsia
Intellectuals who form an artistic, social, or political vanguard or elite.
While it traces its origins to Latin, the word ‘intelligentsia’ only entered worldwide usage as a result of its Russian application. By the 1870s the term came to denote an entire social strata in Russian society: a group of people who were engaged in the cultural and educational spheres and believed that their higher purpose lay in shaping the culture and politics of their society. Lenin was extremely critical of this social group, not considering them to conform to the true social classes laid out in Marxist ideology. In fact, he said that this group, who prided themselves on being the brains of the nation, were in fact ‘not brain, but dung’ (На деле это не мозг, а говно).
Knout
A flogging whip with a lash of leather thongs twisted with wire used (as in czarist Russia) for punishing criminals.
The English word ‘knout’ stems from the French transliteration of the Russian word кнут (knut). In Russia, the knout was historically used as a tool for corporal punishment, to flog the accused. The sentenced was usually tied to a wooden post, or a wooden triangle, stripped, and then lashed with a knout. The number of lashes was pre-determined according to the severity of the accused’s crime and too many could prove fatal. The Great Knout, in particular, with a handle about 24 inches long and which was soaked in milk and left to dry in the sun to make it even firmer, could be lethal if the accused was ascribed 20 lashes or more.
Mammoth
1. Any of a genus (Mammuthus) of extinct Pleistocene mammals of the elephant family distinguished from recent elephants by highly ridged molars, usually large size, very long tusks that curve upward, and well-developed body hair. 2. Something immense of its kind.
The word mammoth entered the English language in the early 17th century, to refer to elephantine mammals. It derives from the Russian word мамонт (mamont), which was first recorded in 1578. All of the earliest English quotations including the word ‘mammoth,’ confitm that English-speakers first encountered the term as a result of mammoth bone discoveries in Siberia. Interestingly, the word underwent a shift in meaning at the beginning of the 19th century. From this point onwards it began to be used as a metaphorical adjective, meaning something of huge proportions.
Molotov Cocktail
A bottle filled with petrol or other liquid fuel, with a piece of cloth on its top, that is set on fire and thrown.
The Molotov Cocktail was invented by the Finns in 1939, when Soviet forces were bombing their country in the lead-up to the Winter War. The Finns named the bomb after Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov, poking fun at his declaration that the bombardment of Helsinki was an airborne humanitarian food delivery. The bomb was even given the following tag-line by Finnish soldiers- ‘a drink to go with his food parcels.’
Parka
A hooded fur pullover garment for arctic wear; a usually lined fabric outerwear pullover or jacket.
Parka (парка) derives from Nenets, a Samoyedic language of Russia, spoken in the arctic regions in the North and on the Aleutian Islands located between Russia and Alaska. The word literally means ‘animal skin’: traditionally parkas were made from caribou or seal skin in order to protect their wearers from the perishing cold. The parka became the customary US military coat during WWII and eventually gained popularity in England in the 60s, coming to symbolise the Mods.
Pavlova
A dessert of Australian and New Zealand origin consisting of a meringue shell topped with whipped cream and usually fruit.
Although not technically a Russian word, this meringue-based dessert is named after the Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova. According to popular belief, whilst Pavlova was touring Australia and New Zealand in 1926, the chef of the Wellington hotel invented the dessert in honour of the dancer. However, there is much contention surrounding the nationality of the dessert’s creator and the exact time and place it first came into existence. To this day, Australians and New Zealanders quibble over which nation the dessert truly belongs to.
Pogrom
An organised massacre of helpless people, specifically a massacre of Jews.
Pogrom is a Russian word which means ‘to wreak havoc, to demolish violently.’ ‘Po’ means ‘by, through, behind, after,’ ‘gromu’ means ‘thunder, roar.’ It entered frequent use around 1881 after anti-Semitic riots swept the southern and western provinces of the Russian Empire, following the assassination of Alexander II. Similar attacks against Jews at other points throughout history are now also known as ‘pogroms.’ Following the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, for example, several pogroms occurred in Eastern Europe: including the Lwow pogrom (1918) and the Kiev pogroms (1919).
Soviet
1. An elected local, district, or national council in the former Soviet Union. 2. A citizen of the former Soviet Union. 3. Adjective of or concerning the former Soviet Union.
The word Soviet is a transliteration of the Russian word совет, which originally came from the Old Church Slavonic word съвѣтъ (sŭvětŭ, “advice”). This word is compounded from со- (so-) + вѣтъ (větŭ, “agreement”), from Proto-Slavic *větъ (“council, talk”). Its first recorded use was in 1917, as in sense one. It was in 1920 that the word ‘soviet’ entered the English language as an adjective, as it is most commonly used today.
Tsar
Emperor, specifically the ruler of Russia until the 1917 revolution, also meaning ‘one having great power,’ e.g. ‘a banking czar’.
The title of Tsar ultimately derives from the Latin Caesar. Several other titles derive from the term, including tsaritsa/tsarina, a tsar’s wife; tsarevich, his son; tsarevna, his daughter; and tsesarevich, his eldest son and heir. Although Peter I actually discarded the title of Tsar in 1721, in favour of ‘Emperor of all Russia,’ the term continued to be widely used until the imperial regime was overthrown in 1917.
Yurt
A circular domed tent of skins or felt stretched over a collapsible lattice framework and used by pastoral peoples of inner Asia.
The word yurt derives from the Russian word юрта, which is thought to have come from the Old Turkic word ur with the suffix +ut. Yurts have been popular in Central Asia for thousands of years. The first written description of a yurt was recorded by Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian, around 440 BC. Yurts can now be found all over the word, and have even become popular at up-market camping sites in the UK, known as ‘glamping sites.’
Let us know in the comments if you can think of any other English words with Russian origins! For more on Russian words in other languages, take a look at this article on homonyms.
Many Russian words have been appropriated by the English language. Some, like mammoth and sable, are easily assumed to be from a more closely related language. Others were originally specific to Russian culture but can be applied to analogous Western concepts, such as a reference to an American politician retreating from Washington, DC, to his dacha, or to a comment about a troika of conspirators.
Here is a list of well-known Russian words and their original meanings and later connotations, if any. Below that you’ll find another set, that one consisting of words known to few, if any, speakers of English who are not bilingual in Russian or familiar with Russian culture. The latter list is ripe for exploitation in English. (Try referring, for example, to an elite cohort as the nomenklatura or to a petty bureaucrat as a namestnik.)
Either list can be mined for analogous meanings. Some require no annotation, while others should be introduced carefully in context or even glossed; which approach to take depends on the content and its audience.
Familiar Russian Words (Absorbed into English)
1. Agitprop: artistic political propaganda, from a truncated form of the Russian forms of the words agitation and propaganda
2. Apparatchik: a Communist Party member and/or functionary, from the Russian form of the word apparatus
3. Babushka: in Russian, “old woman”; in English, a type of scarf commonly worn by babushkas
4. Beluga: a type of whale or sturgeon
5. Bolshevik: a revolutionary or radical, from name of the majority Communist faction in Tsarist Russia, ultimately from the Russian word for “majority”
6. Commissar: an official
7. Cossack: a Russian ethnic group associated in popular culture with military prowess and a nomadic society; the name, like the ethnic appellation Kazakh, derives from the Turkish word for “nomad”
8. Dacha: a country house
9. Duma: a legislative body
10. Glasnost: a policy of political openness and transparency, from the Russian word for “publicity”
11. Gulag: originally an acronym for a Soviet-era system of forced-labor camps; it now can refer to any repressive or coercive environment or situation
12. Intelligentsia: the intellectual elite of a society, from the English word intelligent
13. Kopeck: a Russian coin
14. Mammoth: a prehistoric mammal, and, by extension, a synonym for massive
15. Menshevik: the name of the minority Communist faction in Tsarist Russia, originally in power briefly after the Russian Revolution but defeated by the Bolsheviks
16. Perestroika: the Soviet-era system of reform, from the Russian word for “restructuring”
17. Pogrom: originally, violent persecution of Jews in Russia; now, any officially sanctioned attack on a particular group
18. Politburo: the Soviet-era primary source of government policy decisions, a truncation of the Russian forms of the words political and bureau
19. Ruble: the basic unit of Russian currency
20. Sable: a mammal related to the weasel whose sleek black coat was long prized as a clothing material, and, by extension, a synonym for black
21. Samizdat: prohibited literature produced clandestinely
22. Samovar: an urn for heating tea
23. Sputnik: a traveling companion; also, the name given to a series of Soviet-era satellites, the first objects launched into space
24. Taiga: the far northern coniferous forests of both Asia and North America, from a Turkish or Mongolian word
25. Troika: a carriage or sleigh pulled by three horses, or a triumvirate (a ruling or administrative trio)
Unfamiliar Russian Words (Not Yet Absorbed into English)
26. Druzhina: a unit of bodyguards and elite troops
27. Glavlit: the Soviet-era government censorship agency
28. Izba: a log house
29. Knout: a whip used in punishment
30. Konyushy: an official responsible for horses used in ceremonies
31. Kulak: a well-off farmer
32. Lishenets: a disenfranchised group
33. Matryoshka: a set of Russian nesting dolls
34. Muzhik: a peasant
35. Namestnik: an administrator (from the Russian word for “deputy”)
36. Narkompros: a Soviet-era agency responsible for education and culture, later called the Ministry of Enlightening
37. Nomenklatura: the Soviet elite, holding prestigious government and industrial posts (from the Latin term nomenclature, “list of names”)
38. Okhrana: the Tsarist secret police
39: Oprichnik: Ivan the Terrible’s brutal bodyguards and henchmen
40. Prikaz: originally, a bureaucratic position; later, an administrative directive
41. Propiska: a Tsarist regulation requiring subjects to remain in their hometown
42. Rasputitsa: spring and fall periods in which, because of heavy snow or rain, unpaved roads are impassable (possibly related to the name of Rasputin)
43. Sambo: a form of martial arts
44. Silovik: the elite
45. Spetsnaz: special-forces soldiers
46. Tamizdat: prohibited literature produced outside the country
47. Tovarishch: a companion or fellow traveler; used as a direct form of address in the Soviet Union, equivalent to comrade
48. Ukase: a decree; refers specifically to a government proclamation or generically to an arbitrary command
49. Ushanka: a fur cap with ear flaps
50. Zek: an inmate