Works to word translation

  • 1
    word-by-word translation

    English-Russian base dictionary > word-by-word translation

  • 2
    word-for-word translation

    English-Russian base dictionary > word-for-word translation

  • 3
    word-for-word translation

    English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > word-for-word translation

  • 4
    word-for-word translation

    Patent terms dictionary > word-for-word translation

  • 5
    word-by-word translation

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > word-by-word translation

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    word-for-word translation

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > word-for-word translation

  • 7
    word-for-word translation

    Англо-русский технический словарь > word-for-word translation

  • 8
    word for word translation

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > word for word translation

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    word-by-word translation

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > word-by-word translation

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    word-for-word translation

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > word-for-word translation

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    word-to-word translation

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > word-to-word translation

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    word-for-word translation

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > word-for-word translation

  • 13
    word-by-word translation

    English-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > word-by-word translation

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    word-for-word translation

    English-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > word-for-word translation

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    word-for-word translation

    Англо-русский словарь по полиграфии и издательскому делу > word-for-word translation

  • 16
    Word-by-word translation

    English-Russian IT glossary > Word-by-word translation

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    word-for-word translation

    English-Russian scientific dictionary > word-for-word translation

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    word translation

    Персональный Сократ > word translation

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    word translation

    English-Russian base dictionary > word translation

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    word translation

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > word translation

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См. также в других словарях:

  • word-for-word translation — pažodinis vertimas statusas T sritis radioelektronika atitikmenys: angl. word for word translation vok. wörtliche Übersetzung, f rus. дословный перевод, m pranc. traduction mot à mot, f …   Radioelektronikos terminų žodynas

  • Word-by-word translation — Пословный перевод …   Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии

  • Word-for-word translation — Дословный перевод …   Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии

  • Translation — For other uses, see Translation (disambiguation). Translator redirects here. For other uses, see Translator (disambiguation). Contents 1 Etymology 2 Theory …   Wikipedia

  • word for word — adverb using exactly the same words he repeated her remarks verbatim • Syn: ↑verbatim * * * 1 they took down the speeches word for word: VERBATIM, letter for letter, to the letter; exactly, faithfully …   Useful english dictionary

  • word-for-word — ˈ ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ˈ ̷ ̷ adjective Etymology: word for word : being in or following the exact words a word for word translation : verbatim the word for word transmission of legends George Grey * * * word for word «WURD fuhr WURD», adjective. = verbatim.… …   Useful english dictionary

  • word for word — 1) they took down the speeches word for word Syn: verbatim, letter for letter, to the letter; exactly, faithfully 2) a word for word translation Syn: verbatim, literal, exact, direct, accurate, faithful; …   Thesaurus of popular words

  • word-for-word — adjective Date: circa 1611 being in or following the exact words ; verbatim < a word for word translation > …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Translation — Trans*la tion, n. [F. translation, L. translatio a transferring, translation, version. See {Translate}, and cf. {Tralation}.] 1. The act of translating, removing, or transferring; removal; also, the state of being translated or removed; as, the… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • word — word, vocable, term can mean a letter or combination of letters or a sound or combination of sounds capable of being pronounced and expressing an idea that is by tradition or common consent associated with the letters or the sounds. Word applies… …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

  • translation — ► NOUN 1) the action or process of translating. 2) a text or word that is translated …   English terms dictionary


На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.


На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.


It won’t be a word-to-word translation.


exception of the word-to-word translation, rendering of the spirit of the book, rather than lexical or syntactic units



исключение дословного перевода, передача более «духа» произведения, чем лексических или синтаксических единиц


When I began to translate from the Qazaq language, it so happened that I had to work with a word-to-word translation and it created some difficulties for me, because it did not allow me to see the whole picture, the whole story.



«Когда я начала переводить с казахского, так получилось, что мне приходилось работать подстрочно и это создавало свои неудобства, так как не позволяло нам увидеть всей картины, всей истории, поэтому меня пригласили посетить Казахстан.


They only can do word to word translations.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 11. Точных совпадений: 3. Затраченное время: 85 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Advantages and disadvantages of Word for Word Translation

Word for word translation or literal translation is the rendering of text from one language to another one word at a time with or without conveying the sense of the original text. In translation studies, literal translation is often associated with scientific, technical, technological or legal texts.

A bad practice

It is often considered a bad practice of conveying word by word translation in non-technical texts. This usually refers to the mistranslation of idioms that affects the meaning of the text, making it unintelligible. The concept of literal translation may be viewed as an oxymoron (contradiction in terms), given that literal denotes something existing without interpretation, whereas a translation, by its very nature, is an interpretation (an interpretation of the meaning of words from one language into another).

Usage

A word for word translation can be used in some languages and not others dependent on the sentence structure: El equipo está trabajando para terminar el informe would translate into English as The team is working to finish the report. Sometimes it works and sometimes it does not. For example, the Spanish sentence above could not be translated into French or German using this technique because the French and German sentence structures are completely different. And because one sentence can be translated literally across languages does not mean that all sentences can be translated literally.

Literal translation can also denote a translation that represents the precise meaning of the original text but does not attempt to convey its style, beauty, or poetry. There is, however, a great deal of difference between a literal translation of a poetic work and a prose translation. A literal translation of poetry may be in prose rather than verse, but also be error free. Charles Singleton’s translation of The Divine Comedy (1975) is regarded as a prose translation.

Machine Translation

Early machine translations were famous for this type of translation because they simply created a database of words and their translations. Later attempts utilized common phrases which resulted in better grammatical structure and capture of idioms but with many words left in the original language.

The systems that we use nowadays are based on a combination of technologies and apply algorithms to correct the “natural” sound of the translation. However, professional translation agencies that use machine translation create a rough translation first that is then tweaked by a professional translator.

Mistakes and Jokes

Literal translation of idioms results quite often in jokes and amusement among translators and not only. The following famous example has often been told both in the context of newbie translators and that of machine translation: When the sentence “The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak was translated into Russian and then back to English, the result was “The vodka is good, but the meat is rotten. This is generally believed to be simply an amusing story, and not a factual reference to an actual machine translation error.

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Since an early age I have been passionate about languages. I hold a Master’s degree in Translation and Interpreting, and I have worked as a freelance translator for several years. I specialize in Marketing, Digital Marketing, Web and Social Media. I love blogging and I also run the blog www.italiasocialmedia.com

First off, some data:

According to COCA word-for-word has 60 usages, 3 of them are «word-for-word translation». Word-by-word has 26 usages, none of them are «word-by-word translation» (but some with «transcription»).

The definition of word-for-word:

Oxford: In exactly the same or, when translated, exactly equivalent words
Merriam-Webster: being in or following the exact words, verbatim
The Free Dictionary: one word at a time, without regard for the sense of the whole

Only the last dictionary contains a definition for word-by-word, too:

The Free Dictionary: one word at a time

The definitions given by The Free Dictionary are, obviously, identical to each other.

Google hits:
Word-for-word ~21m
Word-for-word translation ~318k
Word-by-word ~3.8m
Word-by-word translation ~95k

According to usages and dictionaries word-by-word is, at least, less popular. And assuming that there may be a lot of usages from non-natives among the Google hits, this could be an indicator for word-by-word being even utterly wrong.

In another forum I found the following statement:

When I translate something «literally,» (wörtlich) it still follows the main rules of the language I’m translating into. What you mean is «word-by-word» (wortwörtlich) to me.

I assume that this was written by a German but I don’t know it. However, if this would be true a «word-by-word translation» would be a translation where I keep, for instance, the order of the words, disregarding if it makes sense in the target language.

Some examples:

Original: word-by-word
Word-by-word translation: Wort bei Wort (That’s a terrible translation!)

Original: It is critical to know…
Word-by-word translation: Es ist kritisch zu wissen… (That’s a terrible translation!)

Original: Ich glaub, ich spinne.
Word-by-word translation: I think I spider. (I guess only Germans understand this.)

A «word-for-word translation», however, would be an attempt to keep the word-choice as close as possible but following the rules of the target language (e.g. order of words) and also considering if the statement still makes sense in the other language. Here are better translations for the examples above:

Wort für Wort
Es ist wichtig zu wissen…
I think, I’m going nuts. (Actually, this is not a word-for-word translation but rather a sense-for-sense translation.)

So, my questions again:

  1. As neither Oxford nor Merriam-Webster have any entries for word-by-word in their dictionaries: is word-by-word actually valid?
  2. If yes, is there any difference between «word-by-word translation» and «word-for-word translation»? If yes again, what is it specifically?

m-translate.com

online word translator

The moment when you understand that you have some problems with word translation, then it is time to start using our word translator. This translator works via the Internet, so it is online and it can be with you in your hour of need. You might you use your mobile or your tablet with the Internet access. 

The word to word translation is unbelievably helpful and is especially good for translating words, as this tool knows and contains 65 foreign languages. Of course, it is much easier to translate single words because it is a good and online word translator and in spite of its ability to translate phrases and sentences, you should have great confidence about its correct insertion and check the received translation. Because it isn’t ideal in translating big sentences and may do it with some mistakes. But the range of possible languages will gladden you straight away. 

The word translation is very easy to do at our site www.m-translate.com. This system is automatic and you just need to do some operations such as typing a word, choosing languages and pressing “GO”. Then everything will do our language translator. It will take it 3 seconds. The translator will lighten your work and you will make a profit on it.

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If you get a Microsoft Works WPS file, here’s the easy way to convert it to Microsoft Word DOC or DOCX format.

Now and then, someone emails a document with a WPS extension. WPS files are word processor documents created by Microsoft Works, and whenever I get one of these, I feel like someone just handed me a cassette tape with their demo on it—come on, this isn’t 1980 man! Where am I supposed to find something to play this thing?

UPDATE: Two things: Cassette tapes have made a major comeback among hipster indie bands and Microsoft no longer offers the Microsoft Works 6-9 File Converter for download. Microsoft Word 2016 has some built-in MS Works .wps conversion capabilities, so I suggest getting a copy of Word 2016 (free trial of Office 365‘s a good idea) and trying to open your .wps file in that. Barring that, you can still download the Microsoft Works 6-9 File Converter from some semi-shady file hosting sites. I can confirm that I got a legitimate copy from FileHippo.

If you download something from one of these sites, be sure to verify the MD5 hash is C288290A866B2F92A11FB07F7077F42C.

I like to use a program called QuickHash to check MD5 sums. Also, make sure the software is digitally signed by Microsoft.

Graham Mayor has also made a Microsoft Works Converter for Works version 6 and earlier. This program is not an official Microsoft product, but it might be worth a try.

Anyway, if you’re like me, and you have Microsoft Word 2007 or Microsoft Word 2010 on your computer but no time machine to take you back to the year 1991 so you can run Microsoft Works, that WPS file will be about as useful to you as a wax cylinder full of piano rags. But instead of firing back a snarky email to the person who sent you the WPS (or perhaps a fax would get through to them in the old-fashioned manner to which they are accustomed) asking them to re-send the file in a format suitable for the 21st century, you can do the polite thing and convert it – which is exactly what I’ll show you how to do in this groovyTutorial.

But first, let me show you how not to convert your WPS file:

PSA: Do Not Use Zamzar

Google “Convert WPS to DOC” and your top hit is going to be Zamzar.com. I’ve used Zamzar in the past, and it’s a pretty good service. But I don’t like that they collect your email address. They promise that they won’t rent or sell your personal information but intentions are one thing and being targeted by hackers is another.

zamzar alternative for conveting wps

I’m not saying that Zamzar isn’t as good a steward of your personal data as they say they are, I’m just advocating not taking any undue risks. It’s also best practice not to be uploading any potentially sensitive documents, even if Zamzar does offer encryption. Finally, it’s a pain to have to wait for 10 to 15 minutes for Zamzar to convert your file and email it to you.

The Easy Way to Open WPS Files in Microsoft Word

Never use a third-party service when there’s an official solution. That’s my motto. And with the WPS issue, there is one. It’s called the Microsoft Works 6-9 File Converter (link defunct), and you can download it for free from Microsoft. See the update at the top of this post.

Step 1

Download and install the Microsoft Works 6-9 File Converter. This process is pretty straightforward; just run the MSI and follow the on-screen instructions.

covnert wps to doc

Step 2

After the installation is complete, locate one of those pesky .wps files and Double-click it.

wps to doc conversion

Step 3

Now you will have a dialog that reads “Windows can’t open this file: ….” It’ll continue, saying, “To open this file, Windows needs to know what program you want to use to open it,” etc., etc.

open .wps in microsotf office 2007

Choose the second option: Select a program from a list of installed programs and click OK.

Step 4

In the Open with dialog box, select Microsoft Word. Check Always use the selected program to open this kind of file and click OK.

open wps in word 2010

Step 5

Enjoy your WPS file in Microsoft Word. If you feel like saving it in another format, just Click File > Save as and choose a different format.

convert wps to docx

Problem fixed—permanently! Now, all you have to do is Double-click.WPS files in Windows Explorer to open them. No more uploading your junk to Zamzar.

microsoft works 6, ms works 7, works 9 in word

Перевод по словам

word [noun]

noun: слово, речь, текст, известие, обещание, замечание, пароль, разговор, девиз, лозунг

verb: вести, сформулировать, выражать словами, подбирать выражения

  • have a word — есть слово
  • cuss word — ругать слово
  • spoken word — произнесенное слово
  • Word of Faith — Движение Веры
  • , in a word, — , одним словом ,
  • word grammar — грамматика слов
  • alarm mask word — слово маски аварийного сигнала
  • word of modern coinage — неологизм
  • sure word of prophecy — пророческое слово
  • part of that word — часть этого слова

for [preposition]

preposition: для, на, за, в, к, в течение, ради, от, вместо, по причине

conjunction: ибо, ввиду того, что

  • make arrangements for — принять меры для
  • pine for — сосна для
  • Main Department for Combating Economic Crimes — главное управление по борьбе с экономическими преступлениями
  • asphalt cement for filling — асфальтовый заливочный компаунд
  • barrel for dry commodities — сухоторная бочка
  • request for discussion — приглашение к дискуссии
  • be pressed for time — торопиться
  • badger for — клянчить
  • secretariat for international ecology — Секретариат по международным проблемам экологии
  • contender for leadership — претендент на пост лидера

translation [noun]

noun: перевод, трансляция, сдвиг, перемещение, смещение, поступательное движение

  • in English translation — в переводе на английский
  • translation practice — практика перевода
  • automatic code translation — автоматическая трансляция кода
  • hybrid machine translation — гибридный машинный перевод
  • indirect translation — непрямой перевод
  • inofficial translation name — неофициальное переводное название
  • free translation tool — бесплатный инструмент перевода
  • Lost in Translation — Трудности перевода
  • virtual addresses translation — преобразование виртуальных адресов
  • examplebased machine translation — основанный на примерах машинный перевод

Предложения с «word for word translation»

Pentecostals do not require that an interpretation be a literal word-for-word translation of a glossolalic utterance.

Пятидесятники не требуют, чтобы толкование было буквальным дословным переводом глоссолалического высказывания.

Because reading is dependent upon the translation of word sounds into this orthographic or visual representational form.

Потому что чтение зависит от перевода звучания слов в их орфографическую или визуальную форму.

You can search sentences containing a certain word and get translations for these sentences.

Вы можете сделать запрос на предложения, содержащие конкретное слово, и получить их переводы .

Regarding the translation of the word tahood as bail, the legal expert consulted the original documents and had no idea of how the terms had been translated .

Что касается перевода слова тахуд как залог, то юрисконсульт изучал лишь оригиналы документов и не представляет, как именно был переведен этот термин.

In fact it’s a word used in Bible translations , Jesus healed the cripples.

В действительности, это слово присутствует в библейских переводах ! Иисус исцелил калек!

I wondered what the original word of the original writer had been that these very different translations could be made.

Что ж, думаю, за слово стоит в оригинале, в подлиннике Библии, допускающее такие разные переводы ?

Before you commit to him, ask him the Sanskrit word for war and its translation .

Прежде чем решите нанять его, спросите у него, как на санскрите будет война и как он понимает это слово.

Fourth, there are 242-word squares in Mathers’ translation , while the original German has 251.

В — четвертых, в переводе Мазерса есть 242 квадрата слов, в то время как в оригинальном немецком языке их 251.

In many translations of the Bible, when the word LORD is in all capitals, it signifies that the word represents the tetragrammaton.

Во многих переводах Библии, когда слово Господь стоит во всех заглавных буквах, это означает, что слово представляет собой Тетраграмматон.

Translations from non-English texts demonstrate varied spelling of the word.

Переводы с неанглийских текстов демонстрируют различное написание слова.

A correct translation of their writings is God’s Word because it has the same meaning as the original Hebrew and Greek.

Правильный перевод их писаний — это слово Божье, потому что оно имеет то же значение, что и оригинал на древнееврейском и греческом языках.

In a July 2019 interview at Rock Fest with hardDrive Radio, Scabbia said that anima was the Italian word for soul, making the record’s title translation black soul.

В июле 2019 года в интервью Rock Fest с hardDrive Radio Скаббиа сказал, что anima — это итальянское слово для души, что делает перевод названия альбома black soul.

Regarding his specific issues with myriad, there was a laundry list of translations of the word.

Что касается его специфических проблем с myriad, то там был целый список переводов этого слова.

The first use of the word in English was in John Wyclif’s 1382 translation of the Bible to translate different Hebrew words.

Первое использование этого слова в английском языке было в переводе Библии Джона Уиклифа 1382 года для перевода различных еврейских слов.

In any case, the translation of sacred prostitute has continued, however, because it explains how the word can mean such disparaging concepts as sacred and prostitute.

В любом случае, перевод священной проститутки продолжается, поскольку он объясняет, как это слово может означать такие пренебрежительные понятия, как священное и проститутка.

Most other English translations , both before and since, do not; instead, throughout they use the same more direct English word love.

Большинство других английских переводов , как до, так и после, этого не делают; вместо этого они используют одно и то же более прямое английское слово love.

It appears in Svea rike, a translation of the old Swedish word Sverige, the Swedish name for Sweden.

Он появляется в Svea rike, переводе старого шведского слова Sverige, шведского названия Швеции.

While most sources agree the first word means seven, there is considerable debate as to the correct translation of the rest.

Хотя большинство источников сходятся во мнении, что первое слово означает семь, существуют значительные споры относительно правильного перевода остальных.

Some of the nuances may be difficult to understand because of the word play that gets lost in translation .

Некоторые нюансы могут быть трудны для понимания из — за игры слов, которая теряется при переводе .

All 251 of the word squares are completely filled in. An English translation of Dehn’s edition was published in 2006 by the American publisher Nicholas Hays.

Все 251 слово квадраты полностью заполнены. Английский перевод издания Дена был опубликован в 2006 году американским издателем Николасом Хейсом.

I have a go at translating it sometimes, but it is very much more-than-mundane word usages, as well known & famous a work in its English translations and in Japanese.

Я иногда пытаюсь перевести его, но это очень много больше, чем обычное словоупотребление, а также хорошо известное и известное произведение в его английских переводах и на японском языке.

The word also occurs twice in a medical context in a 5th-6th century Latin translation of Soranus of Ephesus’s book on gynaecology.

Это слово также дважды встречается в медицинском контексте в латинском переводе 5 — 6 века книги Сорана Эфесского по гинекологии.

There is almost always an ambiguity during word-to-word translation from source to the target language.

При переводе от исходного языка к целевому почти всегда возникает двусмысленность.

The exact translation of the word depends on the context.

Точный перевод слова зависит от контекста.

In machine translation , the problem takes the form of target word selection.

В машинном переводе проблема принимает форму выбора целевого слова.

Lorenz’s explanation for his choice of the English word Mobbing was omitted in the English translation by Marjorie Kerr Wilson.

Объяснение Лоренца по поводу его выбора английского слова моббинг было опущено в английском переводе Марджори Керр Уилсон.

A correct translation of their writings is God’s Word because it has the same meaning as the original Hebrew and Greek.

Правильный перевод их писаний — это слово Божье, потому что оно имеет то же значение, что и оригинал на древнееврейском и греческом языках.

However, critics have suggested that the use of the word virgin may have been merely a translation error.

Однако критики предположили, что употребление слова девственница могло быть просто ошибкой перевода .

He predicted the rise of computers, digital word processors, voice recognition and machine translation .

Он предсказал появление компьютеров, цифровых текстовых процессоров, систем распознавания голоса и машинного перевода .

The word Hermetic was used by John Everard in his English translation of The Pymander of Hermes, published in 1650.

Слово герметик было использовано Джоном Эверардом в его английском переводе Пимандра Гермеса, опубликованном в 1650 году.

The word has been extant in English since at least the 17th century from translations of works by Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.

Это слово сохранилось в английском языке, по крайней мере, с 17 века из переводов произведений Джованни Пико делла Мирандолы.

The word milliard, or its translation , is found in many European languages and is used in those languages for 109.

Слово миллиард, или его перевод , встречается во многих европейских языках и используется в этих языках для обозначения 109.

I think each time a non english word is used you should put the translation beside it.

Я думаю, что каждый раз, когда используется неанглийское слово, вы должны поставить перевод рядом с ним.

Translation has given rise to a number of issues, as the original languages are often quite different in grammar as well as word meaning.

Перевод породил целый ряд проблем, поскольку языки оригинала часто совершенно различаются как по грамматике, так и по значению слов.

Translations of Sammetbürste into Latin use the word scopula.

В переводах Sammetbürste на латынь используется слово scopula.

For reference, most translations seem to translate the source-word as being either ‘coat of mail’ or simply as ‘armor’.

Для справки, большинство переводов , по — видимому, переводят исходное слово либо как кольчуга, либо просто как броня.

.. in this context and didn’t find it. Where is the original word and it’s etymology and possible English translations ?

.. в этом контексте его и не нашли. Где находится оригинальное слово, его этимология и возможные английские переводы ?

It is only the English translations of this word that are auto-antonymous.

Это только английские переводы этого слова, которые являются авто — антонимами.

The Arabic and the Hebrew words are not translation , they are merely transcription of the English word.

Арабские и еврейские слова — это не перевод , это просто транскрипция английского слова.

Thus, there is no equivalent single-word translation for aṟam or dharma in western languages.

Таким образом, в западных языках нет эквивалентного однословного перевода для Аам или Дхармы.

La Fontaine’s fable also had a number of translations into Russian, in most of which the word used for the grasshopper is strekoza.

Басня Лафонтена также имела ряд переводов на русский язык, в большинстве из которых слово, используемое для кузнечика, — стрекоза.

A calque is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word or root-for-root translation .

Калька — это слово или фраза, заимствованные из другого языка путем буквального, дословного или корневого перевода .

This would be analogous to saying the French translation for this English word is this, therefore the English word is this.

Это было бы равносильно тому, чтобы сказать, что французский перевод этого английского слова — это это, поэтому английское слово — это это.

The Oxford English Dictionary states that the word ‘dogwatch’ is a direct translation from either German or Dutch of a similar term.

В Оксфордском словаре английского языка говорится, что слово dogwatch является прямым переводом с немецкого или голландского аналогичного термина.

In this case Russians and Ruthenians are the translations of the same word.

В данном случае русские и русины — это переводы одного и того же слова.

What should you do when you have only the English translation and the Anglicized Hebrew word available?

Что вы должны делать, когда у вас есть только английский перевод и Англицизированное еврейское слово?

Word-for-word
translation is another method of rendering sense.
It presents a consecutive verbal translation though at the level of
word-groups and sentences. This way of translation is often employed
both consciously and subconsciously by students in the process
of translating alien grammatical constructions/word forms. Sometimes
students at the initial stage of learning a foreign language may
employ
this way of translation even when dealing with seemingly common
phrases or sentences, which are structurally different from their
equivalents in the native tongue. Usually the students employ
word-for-word
translation to convey the sense of word-groups or sentences which
have a structural form, the order of words, and the means of
connection
quite different from those in the target language. To achieve
faithfulness
various grammtical in translation, word-for-word variants are
to be corrected to avoid various grammatical violations made by the
inexperienced students. Cf. You
are right to begin with*BU
маєте
рацію,
щоб
почати
з
instead of Почнемо
з
того/припустимо,
що
ви
маєте
рацію/що
ви
праві.

  1. Interlinear translation.

The
interlinear1
way/method of translating is
a conventional
term for a strictly faithful rendering of sense expressed by
word-groups
and sentences at the level of some text. The
method
of interlinear translation may be practically applied to all speech
units(sentences, super syntactic units, passages). Interlinear
translation always provides a completely faithful conveying only of
content, which is often achieved through various transformations of
structure of many sense units.

Interlinear
translating is widely practiced at the intermediary and
advanced stages of studying a foreign language. It is helpful when
checking up the students’ understanding of certain structurally
peculiar
English sense units in the passage under translation.
The interlinear method of translating helps the student to obtain
the necessary training in rendering the main aspects of the foreign
language.

The
method
of interlinear translation is practically employed when rendering
some passages or works for internal office use in scientific/research
centers and laboratories and other organizations and by students in
their translation
practice

  1. Literary translation.

Literary
translating represents the highest level of translator’s activity.
Literary translators in addition to dealing with the difficulties
inherent to translations
of all fields, must consider the aesthetic aspects of the text, its
beauty and style, as well as its marks (lexical, grammatical or
phonological) keeping in mind that one language’s stylistic marcs
can be different from another’s. the important idea is that the
quality of the translation
be the same in both languages while also maintaining the integrity of
the contents at the same time.

For
a translator, the fundamental issue is searching for equivalents that
produce the same effects in the translated text as those that the
author was seeking for readers of the original text.

Literary
artistic translation
presents a faithful transmission of content and of the artistic
merits only of a work.

Literary
translations are always performed in literary all-nation languages
and with many transformations which help achieve the ease and beauty
of
the original composition.

When
the SL and TL belong to different cultural groups the first problem
faced by the translator is finding terms in his own language that
express
the highest level of faithfulness possible to the meaning of certain
worlds.

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