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Are you new to Microsoft Excel and need to work on a spreadsheet? Excel is so overrun with useful and complicated features that it might seem impossible for a beginner to learn. But don’t worry—once you learn a few basic tricks, you’ll be entering, manipulating, calculating, and graphing data in no time! This wikiHow tutorial will introduce you to the most important features and functions you’ll need to know when starting out with Excel, from entering and sorting basic data to writing your first formulas.
Things You Should Know
- Use Quick Analysis in Excel to perform quick calculations and create helpful graphs without any prior Excel knowledge.
- Adding your data to a table makes it easy to sort and filter data by your preferred criteria.
- Even if you’re not a math person, you can use basic Excel math functions to add, subtract, find averages and more in seconds.
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1
Create or open a workbook. When people refer to «Excel files,» they are referring to workbooks, which are files that contain one or more sheets of data on individual tabs. Each tab is called a worksheet or spreadsheet, both of which are used interchangeably. When you open Excel, you’ll be prompted to open or create a workbook.
- To start from scratch, click Blank workbook. Otherwise, you can open an existing workbook or create a new one from one of Excel’s helpful templates, such as those designed for budgeting.
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2
Explore the worksheet. When you create a new blank workbook, you’ll have a single worksheet called Sheet1 (you’ll see that on the tab at the bottom) that contains a grid for your data. Worksheets are made of individual cells that are organized into columns and rows.
- Columns are vertical and labeled with letters, which appear above each column.
- Rows are horizontal and are labeled by numbers, which you’ll see running along the left side of the worksheet.
- Every cell has an address which contains its column letter and row number. For example, the top-left cell in your worksheet’s address is A1 because it’s in column A, row 1.
- A workbook can have multiple worksheets, all containing different sets of data. Each worksheet in your workbook has a name—you can rename a worksheet by right-clicking its tab and selecting Rename.
- To add another worksheet, just click the + next to the worksheet tab(s).
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3
Save your workbook. Once you save your workbook once, Excel will automatically save any changes you make by default.[1]
This prevents you from accidentally losing data.- Click the File menu and select Save As.
- Choose a location to save the file, such as on your computer or in OneDrive.
- Type a name for your workbook. All workbooks will automatically inherit the the .XLSX file extension.
- Click Save.
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1
Click a cell to select it. When you click a cell, it will highlight to indicate that it’s selected.
- When you type something into a cell, the input text is called a value. Entering data into Excel is as simple as typing values into each cell.
- When entering data, the first row of your worksheet (e.g., A1, B1, C1) is typically used as headers for each column. This is helpful when creating graphs or tables which require labels.
- For example, if you’re adding a list of dates in column A, you might click cell A1 and type Date into the cell as the column header.
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2
Type a word or number into the cell. As you’re typing, you’ll see the letters and/or numbers appear in the cell, as well as in the formula bar at the top of the worksheet.
- When you start practicing more advanced Excel features like creating formulas, this bar will come in handy.
- You can also copy and paste text from other applications into your worksheet, tables from PDFs and the web.
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3
Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return. This enters the data into the cell and moves to the next cell in the column.
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4
Automatically fill columns based on existing data. Let’s say you want to make a list of consecutive dates or numbers. Or what if you want to fill a column with many of the same values that follow a pattern? As long as Excel can recognize some sort of pattern in your data, such as a particular order, you can use Autofill to automatically populate data into the rest of your column. Here’s a trick to see it in action.
- In a blank column, type 1 into the first cell, 2 into the second cell, and then 3 into the third cell.
- Hover your mouse cursor over the bottom-right corner of the last cell in your series—it will turn to a crosshair.
- Click and drag the crosshair down the column, then release the mouse button once you’ve gone down as far as you like. By default, this will fill the remaining cells with the value of the selected cell—at this point, you’ll probably have something like 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3.
- Click the small icon at the bottom-right corner of the filled data to open AutoFill options, and select Fill Series to automatically detect the series or pattern. Now you’ll have a list of consecutive numbers. Try this cool feature out with different patterns!
- Once you get the hang of AutoFill, you’ll have to try flash fill, which you can use to join two columns of data into a single merged column.
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5
Adjust the column sizes so you can see all of the values. Sometimes typing long values into a cell hides the value and displays hash symbols ### instead of what you’ve typed. If you want to be able to see everything, you can snap the cell contents to the width of the widest cell. For example, let’s say we have some long values in column B:
- To expand the contents of column B, hover the cursor over the dividing line between the B and C at the top of the worksheet—once your cursor is right on the line, it will turn to two arrows pointing in either direction.[2]
- Click and drag the separator until the column is wide enough to accommodate your data, or just double-click the separator to instantly snap the column to the size of the widest value.
- To expand the contents of column B, hover the cursor over the dividing line between the B and C at the top of the worksheet—once your cursor is right on the line, it will turn to two arrows pointing in either direction.[2]
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6
Wrap text in a cell. If your longer values are now awkwardly long, you can enable text wrapping in one or more cells. Just click a cell (or drag the mouse to select multiple cells), click the Home tab, and then click Wrap Text on the toolbar.
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7
Edit a cell value. If you need to make a change to a cell, you can double-click the cell to activate the cursor, and then make any changes you need. When you’re finished, just press Enter or Return again.
- To delete the contents of a cell, click the cell once and press delete on your keyboard.
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8
Apply styles to your data. Whether you want to highlight certain values with color so they stand out or just want to make your data look pretty, changing the colors of cells and their containing values is easy—especially if you’re used to Microsoft Word:
- Select a cell, column, row, or multiple cells at once.
- On the Home tab, click Cell Styles if you’d like to quickly apply quick color styles.
- If you’d rather use more custom options, right-click the selected cell(s) and select Format Cells. Then, use the colors on the Fill tab to customize the cell’s background, or the colors on the Font tab for value colors.
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9
Apply number formatting to cells containing numbers. If you have data that contains numbers such as prices, measurements, dates, or times, you can apply number formatting to the data so it will display consistently.[3]
By default, the number format is General, which means numbers display exactly as you type them.- Select the cell you want to format. If you’re working with an entire column or row, you can just click the column letter or row number to select the whole thing.
- On the Home tab, click the drop-down menu at the top-center—it’ll say General by default, unless you selected cells that Excel recognizes as a different type of number like Currency or Time.
- Choose one of the formatting options in the list, such as Short Date or Percentage, or click More Number Formats at the bottom to expand all options (we recommend this!).
- If you selected More Number Formats, the Format Cells dialog will expand to the Number tab, where you’ll see several categories for number types.
- Select a category, such as Currency if working with money, or Date if working with dates. Then, choose your preferences, such as a currency symbol and/or decimal places.
- Click OK to apply your formatting.
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1
Select all of the data you’ve entered so far. Adding your data to a table is the easiest way to work with and analyze data.[4]
Start by highlighting the values you’ve entered so far, including your column headers. Tables also make it easy to sort and filter your data based on values.- Tables traditionally apply different or alternating colors to every other row for easy viewing. Many table options also add borders between cells and/or columns and rows.
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2
Click Format as Table. You’ll see this at the top-center part of the Home tab.[5]
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3
Select a table style. Choose any of Excel’s default table styles to get started. You’ll see a small window titled «Create Table» once selected.
- Once you get the hang of tables, you can return here to customize your table further by selecting New Table Style.
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4
Make sure «My table has headers» is selected and click OK. This tells Excel to turn your column headers into drop-down menus that you can easily sort and filter. Once you click OK, you’ll see that your data now has a color scheme and drop-down menus.
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5
Click the drop-down menu at the top of a column. Now you’ll see options for sorting that column, as well as several options for filtering all of your data based on its values.
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6
Choose which data to display based on values in this column. The simplest way to do this is to uncheck the values you don’t want to display—if you uncheck a particular date, for example, you’ll prevent rows that contain the selected date in from appearing in your data. You can also use Text Filters or Number Filters, depending on the type of data in the column:
- If you chose a numerical column, select Number Filters, then choose an option like Greater Than… or Does Not Equal to be extra specific about which values to hide.
- For text columns, you can choose Text Filters, where you can specify things like Begins with or Contains.
- You can also filter by cell color.
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7
Click OK. Your data is now filtered based on your selections. You’ll also see a small funnel icon in the drop-down menu, which indicates that the data is filtering out certain values.
- To unfilter your data, click the funnel icon, click Clear filter from (column name), and then click OK.
- You can also filter columns that aren’t in tables. Just select a column and click Filter on the Data tab to add a drop-down to that column.
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8
Sort your data in ascending or descending order. Click the drop-down arrow at the top of a column to view sorting options—these allow you to sort all of your data in order based on the current column.
- If you’re working with numbers, click Smallest to Largest to sort in ascending order, or Largest to Smallest for descending order.[6]
- If you’re working with text values, Sort A to Z will sort in ascending order, while Sort Z to A will sort in reverse.
- When it comes to sorting dates and times, Sort Oldest to Newest will sort with the earliest date at the top and the oldest date at the bottom, and Newest to Oldest displays the dates in descending order.
- When you sort a column, all other columns in the table adjust based on the sort.
- If you’re working with numbers, click Smallest to Largest to sort in ascending order, or Largest to Smallest for descending order.[6]
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1
Select the data in your worksheet. Excel’s Quick Analysis feature is the easiest way to perform basic calculations (including totals, averages, and counts) and create meaningful tables or graphs without the need for advanced Excel knowledge.[7]
Use your mouse to select your data (including your column headers) to get started. -
2
Click the Quick Analysis icon. This is the small icon that pops up at the bottom-right corner of your selection. It looks like a window with some colored lines.
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Select an analysis type. You’ll see several tabs running along the top of the window, each of which gives you different option for visualizing your data:
- For math calculations, click the Totals tab, where you can select Sum, Average, Count, %Total, or Running Total. You’ll be able to choose whether to display the results at the bottom of each column or to the right.
- To create a chart, click the Charts tab, then select a chart to visualize your data. Before you settle on a chart, just hover the cursor over each option to see a preview.
- To add quick chart data to individual cells, click the Sparklines tab and choose a format. Again, you can hover the cursor over each option to see a preview.
- To instantly apply conditional formatting (which is usually a little more complex in Excel) based on your data, use the Formatting tab. Here you can choose an option like Color or Data Bars, which apply colors to your data based on trends.
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Quickly add data with AutoSum. AutoSum is a built-in Excel function that makes it easy to find the total of one or more columns in a few clicks. Functions or formulas that perform calculations and other tasks based on the values of cells. When you use a function to get something done, you’re creating a formula, which is like a math equation. If you have a column or row of numbers you want to add:
- Click the cell below the numbers you want to add (if a column) or to the right (if a row).[8]
- On the Home tab, click AutoSum toward the upper-right corner of the app. A formula beginning with =SUM(cell+cell) will appear in the field, and a dotted line will surround the numbers you’re adding.
- Press Enter or Return. You should now see the total of the numbers in the selected field. This is here because you created your first formula—which you didn’t have to write by hand!
- If you change any numbers in your data after using AutoSum, the AutoSum value will update automatically.
- Click the cell below the numbers you want to add (if a column) or to the right (if a row).[8]
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Write a simple math formula. AutoSum is just the beginning—Excel is famous for its ability to do all sorts of simple and complex math calculations on data. Fortunately, you don’t have to be a math whiz to create simple formulas to create everyday math formulas, like adding, subtracting, and multiplying. Here’s some basic formulas to get you started:
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Add: — Type =SUM(cell+cell) (e.g.,
=SUM(A3+B3)
) to add two cells’ values together, or type =SUM(cell,cell,cell) (e.g.,=SUM(A2,B2,C2)
) to add a series of cell values together.- If you want to add all of the numbers in a whole column (or in a section of a column), type =SUM(cell:cell) (e.g.,
=SUM(A1:A12)
) into the cell you want to use to display the result.
- If you want to add all of the numbers in a whole column (or in a section of a column), type =SUM(cell:cell) (e.g.,
-
Subtract: Type =SUM(cell-cell) (e.g.,
=SUM(A3-B3)
) to subtract one cell value from another cell’s value. -
Divide: Type =SUM(cell/cell) (e.g.,
=SUM(A6/C5)
) to divide one cell’s value by another cell’s value. -
Multiply: Type =SUM(cell*cell) (e.g.,
=SUM(A2*A7)
) to multiply two cell values together.
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Add: — Type =SUM(cell+cell) (e.g.,
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1
Select a cell for an advanced formula. What if you need to do something more complicated than just adding numbers? Even if you don’t know how to write formulas by hand, you can still create useful formulas that work with your data in various ways. Start by clicking the cell in which you want to display your formula.
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2
Click the Formulas tab. It’s a tab at the top of the Excel window.
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3
Explore the Function Library. Several function categories appear in the toolbar, such as Financial, Text, and Math & Trig. Click the options to check out the types of functions available, though they might not make a whole lot of sense just yet.
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Click Insert Function. This option is in the far-left side of the Formulas toolbar. This opens the Insert Function window, which gives you a more detailed breakdown of each function.
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Click a function to learn about it. You can type what you want to do (such as round), or choose a category to filter the list of functions. Then, click any function to read a description of how it works and view its syntax.
- For example, to select the formula for finding the tangent of an angle, you would scroll down and click the TAN option.
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Select a function and click OK. This creates a formula based on the selected function.
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Fill out the function’s formula. When prompted, type in the number or select a cell for which you want to use the formula.
- For example, if you select the TAN function, you’ll type in the number for which you want to find the tangent, or select the cell that contains that number.
- Depending on your selected function, you may need to click through a couple of on-screen prompts.
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Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return to run the formula. Doing so applies your function and displays it in your selected cell.
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1
Set up the chart’s data. If you’re creating a line graph or a bar graph, for example, you’ll want to use one column of cells for the horizontal axis and one column of cells for the vertical axis. The best way to do this is to place your data in a table.
- Typically speaking, the left column is used for the horizontal axis and the column immediately to the right of it represents the vertical axis.
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Select the data in your table. Click and drag your mouse from the top-left cell of the data down to the bottom-right cell of the data.
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Click the Insert tab. It’s a tab at the top of the Excel window.
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Click Recommended Charts. You’ll find this option in the «Charts» section of the Insert toolbar. A window with different chart templates will appear.
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Select a chart template. Click the chart template you want to use based on the type of data you’re working with. If you don’t see a chart type you like, click the All Charts tab to explore by category, such as Pie, Bar, and X Y Scatter.
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Click OK. It’s at the bottom of the window. This creates your chart.
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Use the Chart Design tab to customize your chart. Any time you click your chart, the Chart Design tab will appear at the top of Excel. You can adjust the chart style here, change colors, and add additional elements.
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Double-click a chart element to manage it in the Format panel. When you double-click something on your chart, such as a value, line, or bar, you’ll see options you can edit in the panel on the right side of excel. Here you can change the axis labels, alignment, and legend data.
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Question
How do you add a check mark or an X mark to a cell?
You can go into Insert, then Symbol, and choose the symbol you want. After that, you can just copy and paste the symbol from one cell to another.
-
Question
Can I add work sheets on Excel?
Yes. At the bottom left of the Excel you will see the list of sheets. To the left of those sheets you will find a «+» sign. Click on it.
-
Question
How do I move cell contents to another cell?
Highlight the cell, right-click, and click Copy. Click destination cell, right-click and Paste.
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About This Article
Article SummaryX
1. Purchase and install Microsoft Office.
2. Enter data into individual cells.
3. Format cells based on certain criteria.
4. Organize data into rows and columns.
5. Perform math operations using formulas.
6. Use the Formulas tab to find additional formulas.
7. Use data to create charts.
8. Import data from other sources.
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Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 646,684 times.
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In an article written in 2018, Robert Half, a company specializing in human resources and the financial industry, wrote that 63% of financial firms continue to use Excel in a primary capacity. Granted, that is not 100% and is actually considered to be a decline in usage! But considering the software is a spreadsheet software and not designed solely as financial industry software, 63% is still a significant portion of the industry and helps to illustrate how important Excel is.
Learning how to use Excel doesn’t have to be difficult. Taking it one step at a time will help you move from a novice to an expert (or at least closer to that point) – at your pace.
As a preview of what we are going to cover in this article, think worksheets, basic usable functions and formulas, and navigating a worksheet or workbook. Granted, we will not be covering every possible Excel function but we will cover enough that it gives you an idea of how to approach the others.
Basic Definitions
It really is helpful if we cover a few definitions. More than likely, you have heard these terms (or already know what they are). But we will cover them to be sure and be all set for the rest of the process in learning how to use Excel.
Workbooks vs. Worksheets
Excel documents are called Workbooks and when you first create an Excel document (the workbook), many (not all) Excel versions will automatically include three tabs, each with its own blank worksheet. If your version of Excel doesn’t do that, don’t worry, we will learn how to create them.
The Worksheets are the actual parts where you enter the data. If it is easier to think of it visually, think of the worksheets as those tabs. You can add tabs or delete tabs by right-clicking and choosing the delete option. Those worksheets are the actual spreadsheets with which we work and they are housed in the workbook file.
The Ribbon
The Ribbon spreads across the Excel application like a row of shortcuts, but shortcuts that are represented visually (with text descriptions). This is helpful when you want to do something in short order and especially when you need help determining what you want to do.
There is a different grouping of ribbon buttons depending on which section/group you choose from the top menu options (i.e. Home, Insert, Data, Review, etc.) and the visual options presented will relate to those groupings.
Excel Shortcuts
Shortcuts are helpful in navigating the Excel software quickly, so it is helpful (but not absolutely essential) to learn them. Some of them are learned by seeing the shortcuts listed in the menus of the older versions of the Excel application and then trying them out for yourself.
Another way to learn Excel shortcuts is to view a list of them on the website of the Excel developers. Even if your version of Excel doesn’t display the shortcuts, most of them still work.
Formulas vs. Functions
Functions are built-in capabilities of Excel and are used in formulas. For example, if you wanted to insert a formula that calculated the sum of numbers in different cells of a spreadsheet, you could use the function SUM() to do just that.
More on this function (and other functions) a bit further on in this article.
Formula Bar
The formula bar is an area that appears below the Ribbon. It is used for formulas and data. You enter the data in the cell and it will also appear in the formula bar if you have your mouse on that cell.
When we reference the formula bar, we are simply indicating that we should type the formula in that spot while having the appropriate cell selected (which, again, will automatically happen if you select the cell and start typing).
Creating & Formatting a Worksheet Example
There are many things you can do with your Excel Worksheet. We will give you some example steps as we go along in this article so you can try them out for yourself.
The First Workbook
It is helpful to start with a blank Workbook. So, go ahead and select New. This may vary, depending on your version of Excel, but is generally in the File area.
Note: The above image says Open at the top to illustrate that you can get to the New (left-hand side, pointed to with the green arrow) from anywhere. This is a screenshot of the newer Excel.
When you click on New you are more than likely going to get some example templates. The templates themselves may vary between versions of Excel, but you should get some sort of selection.
One way of learning how to use Excel is to play with those templates and see what makes them “tick”. For our article, we are starting with a blank document and playing around with data and formulas, etc.
So go ahead and select the blank document option. The interface will vary, from version to version, but should be similar enough to get the idea. A little later we will also download another sample Excel sheet.
Inserting the Data
There are many different ways to get data into your spreadsheet (a.k.a. worksheet). One way is to simply type what you want where you want it. Choose the particular cell and just start typing.
Another way is to copy data and then paste it into your Spreadsheet. Granted, if you are copying data that is not in a table format it can get a little interesting as to where it lands in your document. But fortunately we can always edit the document and recopy and paste elsewhere, as needed.
You can try the copy/paste method now by selecting a portion of this article, copying it, and then pasting into your blank spreadsheet.
After selecting the portion of the article and copying it, go to your spreadsheet and click on the desired cell where you want to start the paste and do so. The method shown above is using the right-click menu and then selecting “Paste” in the form of the icon.
It is possible that you may get an error when using the Excel built-in paste method, even with the other Excel built-in methods as well. Fortunately, the error warning (above) helps to point you in the right direction to get the data you copied into the sheet.
When pasting the data, Excel does a pretty good job of interpreting it. In our example, I copied the first two paragraphs of this section and Excel presented it in two rows. Since there was an actual space between the paragraphs, Excel reproduced that as well (with a blank row). If you are copying a table, Excel does an even better job of reproducing it in the sheet.
Also, you can use the button in the Ribbon to paste. For visual people, this is really helpful. It is shown in the image below.
Some versions of Excel (especially the older versions) allow you to import data (which works best with similar files or CSV – comma-separated values – files). Some newer versions of Excel do not have that option but you can still open the other file (the one that you want to import), use a select all and then copy and paste it into your Excel spreadsheet.
When import is available, it is generally found under the File menu. In the new version(s) of Excel, you may be rerouted to more of a graphical user interface when you click on File. Simply click the arrow in the top left to return back to your worksheet.
Hyperlinking
Hyperlinking is fairly easy, especially when using the Ribbon. You will find the hyperlink button under the Insert menu in the newer Excel versions. It may also be accessed via a shortcut like command-K.
Formatting Data (Example: Numbers and Dates)
Sometimes it is helpful to format the data. This is especially true with numbers. Why? Sometimes numbers automatically fall into a general format (sort of default) which is more like a text format. But often, we want our numbers to behave as numbers.
The other example would be dates, which we may want to format to ensure that all of our dates appear consistent, like 20200101 or 01/01/20 or whatever format we choose for our date format.
You can access the option to format your data in a couple of different ways, shown in the below images.
Once you have accessed, say, the Number format, you will have several options. These options appear when you use the right-click method. When you use the Ribbon, your options are right there in the Ribbon. It all depends on which is easier for you.
If you have been using Excel for a while, the right-click method, with the resulting number format dialog box (shown below) may be easier to understand. If you are newer or more visual, the Ribbon method may make more sense (and much quicker to use). Both provide you with number formatting options.
If you type anything that resembles a date, the newer versions of Excel are nice enough to reflect that in the Ribbon as shown in the below image.
From the Ribbon you can select formats for your date. For example, you can choose a short date or a long date. Go ahead and try it and view your results.
Presentation Formatting (Example: Aligning Text)
It is also helpful to understand how to align your data, whether you want it all to line up to the left or to the right (or justified, etc). This too can be accessed via the Ribbon.
As you can see from the images above, the alignment of the text (i.e. right, left, etc.) is on the second row of the Ribbon option. You can also choose other alignment options (i.e. top, bottom) in the Ribbon.
Also, if you notice, aligning things like numbers may not look right when aligned left (where text looks better) but does look better when aligned right. The alignment is very similar to what you would see in a word processing application.
Columns & Rows
It is helpful to know how to work with, as well as adjust the width and dimensions of, columns and rows. Fortunately, once you get the hang of it, it is fairly easy to do.
There are two parts to adding or deleting rows or columns. The first part is the selection process and the other is the right-click and choosing the insert or delete option.
Remember the data we copied from this article and pasted into our blank Excel sheet in the above example? We probably don’t need it anymore so it is a perfect example for the process of deleting rows.
Remember our first step? We need to select the rows. Go ahead and click on the row number (to the left of the top left cell) and drag downward with your mouse to the bottom row that you want to delete. In this case, we are selecting three rows.
Then, the second part of our procedure is to click on Delete Rows and watch Excel delete those rows.
The process for inserting a row is similar but you do not have to select more than one row. Excel will determine where you click is where you want to insert the row.
To start the process, click on the row number that you want to be below the new row. This tells Excel to select the entire row for you. From the spot where you are, Excel will insert the row above that. You do so by right-clicking and choosing Insert Rows.
As you can see above, we typed 10 in row 10. Then, after selecting 10 (row 10), right-clicking, and choosing Insert Rows, the number 10 went down one row. It resulted in the 10 now being in row 11.
This demonstrates how the inserted row was placed above the selected row. Go ahead and try it for yourself, so you can see how the insertion process works.
If you need more than one row, you can do so by selecting more than one row and this tells Excel how many you want and that quantity will be inserted above the row number selected.
The following pictures show this in a visual format, including how the 10 went down three rows, the number of rows inserted.
Inserting and deleting columns is basically the same except that you are selecting from the top (columns) instead of the left (rows).
Filters & Duplicates
When we have a lot of data to work with it helps if we have a couple of tricks up our sleeves in order to more easily work with that data.
For example, let’s say you have a bunch of financial data but you only need to look at specific data. One way to do that is to use an Excel “Filter.”
First, let’s find an Excel Worksheet that presents a lot of data so we have something to test this on (without having to type all of the data ourselves). You can download just such a sample from Microsoft. Keep in mind that that is the direct link to the download so the Excel example file should start downloading right away when you click on that link.
Now that we have the document, let’s look at the volume of data. Quite a bit, isn’t it? Note: the image above will look a bit different from what you have in your sample file and that is normal.
Let’s say you only wanted to see data from Germany. Use the “Filter” option in the Ribbon (under “Home”). It is combined with the “Sort” option towards the right (in the newer Excel versions).
Now, tell Excel what options you want. In this case, we are looking for data on Germany as the selected country.
You will notice that when you select the filter option, little pull-down arrows appear in the columns. When an arrow is selected, you have several options, including the “Text Filters” option that we will be using. You have an option to sort ascending or descending.
It makes sense why Excel combines these in the Ribbon since all of these options appear in the pull-down list. We will be selecting the “Equals…” under the “Text Filters.”
After we select what we want to do (in this case Filter), let’s provide the information/criteria. We would like to see all the data from Germany so that is what we type in the box. Then, click “OK.”
You will notice that now we only see data from Germany. The data has been filtered. The other data is still there. It is just hidden from view. There will come a time when you want to discontinue the filter and see all of the data. Simply return to the pull-down and choose to clear the filter, as shown in the below image.
Sometimes you will have data sets that include duplicate data. It is much easier if you only have singular data. For example, why would you want the exact same financial data record twice (or more) in your Excel Worksheet?
Below is an example of a data set that has some data that is repeated (shown highlighted in yellow).
To remove duplicates (or more, as in this case), start by clicking on one of the rows that represents the duplicate data (that contains the data that is repeated). This is shown in the below image.
Now, visit the “Data” tab or section and from there, you can see a button on the Ribbon that says “Remove Duplicates.” Click that.
The first portion of this process presents you with a dialog box similar to what you see in the below image. Don’t let this confuse you. It is simply asking you which column to look at when identifying the duplicate data.
For example, if you had several rows with the same first and last name but basically gibberish in the other columns (like a copy/paste from a website for example) and you only needed unique rows for the first and last name, you would select those columns so that the gibberish that may not be duplicate does not come into consideration in removing the excess data.
In this case, we left the selection as “all columns” because we had duplicated rows manually so we knew that all of the columns were exactly the same in our example. (You can do the same with the Excel example file and test it.)
After you click “OK” on the above dialog box, you will see the result and in this case, three rows were identified as matching and two of them were removed.
Now, the resulting data (shown below) matches the data we started with before we went through the addition and removal of duplicates.
You have just learned a couple tricks. These are especially helpful when dealing with larger data sets. Go ahead and try some other buttons that you see on the Ribbon and see what they do. You can also duplicate your Excel example file if you want to retain the original form. Rename the file you downloaded and re-download another copy. Or duplicate the file on your computer.
What I did was duplicate the tab with all of the financial data (after copying it into my other example file, the one we started with that was blank) and with the duplicate tab I had two versions to play with at will. You can try this by using the right-click on the tab and choosing “Duplicate.”
Conditional Formatting
This part of the article is included in the section on creating the Workbook because of its display benefits. If it seems a little complicated or you are looking for functions and formulas, skip this section and come back to it at your leisure.
Conditional Formatting is handy if you want to highlight certain data. In this example, we are going to use our Excel Example file (with all of the financial data) and look for the “Gross Sales” that are over $25,000.
In order to do this, we first have to highlight the group of cells that we want evaluated. Now, keep in mind, you do not want to highlight the entire column or row. You only want to highlight just the cells that you want evaluated. Otherwise, the other cells (like headings) will also be evaluated and you would be surprised what Excel does with those headings (as an example).
So, we have our desired cells highlighted and now we click on the “Home” section/group and then “Conditional Formatting.”
When we click on “Conditional Formatting” in the Ribbon, we have some options. In this case we want to highlight the cells that are greater than $25,000 so that is how we make our selection, as shown in the below image.
Now we will see a dialog box and we can type the value in the box. We type 25000. You don’t have to worry about commas or anything and in fact, it works better if you just type in the raw number.
After we click “OK” we will see that the fields are automatically colored according to our choice (to the right) in our “Greater Than” above dialog box. In this case, “Light Red Fill with Dark Red Text). We could have chosen a different display option as well.
This conditional formatting is a great way to see, at a glance, data that is essential for one project or another. In this case, we could see the “Segments” (as they are referred to in the Excel Example file) that have been able to exceed $25,000 in Gross Sales.
Working With Formulas and Functions
Learning how to use functions in Excel is very helpful. They are the basic guts of the formulas. If you want to see a listing of the functions to get an idea of what is available, click on the “Insert” menu/group and then at the far left, choose “Function/Functions.”
Even though the purpose of this button in the Excel Ribbon is to insert an actual function (which can also be accomplished by typing in the formula bar, starting with an equals sign and then starting to type the desired function), we can also use this to see what is available. You can scroll through the functions to get a sort of idea of what you can use in your formulas.
Granted, it is also very helpful to simply try them out and see what they do. You can select the group that you want to peruse by choosing a category, like “Commonly Used” for a shorter list of functions but a list that is often used (and for which some functions are covered in this article).
We will be using some of these functions in the examples of the formulas we discuss in this article.
The Equals = Sign
The equals sign ( = ) is very important in Excel. It plays an essential role. This is especially true in the cases of formulas. Basically, you don’t have a formula without preceding it with an equals sign. And without the formula, it is simply the data (or text) you have entered in that cell.
So just remember that before you are asking Excel to calculate or automate anything for you, that you type an equals sign ( = ) in the cell.
If you include a $ sign, that tells Excel not to move the formula. Normally, the auto adjustment of formulas (using what is called relative cell references), to changes in the worksheet, is a helpful thing but sometimes you may not want it and with that $ sign, you are able to tell Excel that. You simply insert the $ in front of the letter and number of the cell reference.
So a relative cell reference of D25 becomes $D$25. If this part is confusing, don’t worry about it. You can come back to it (or play with it with an Excel blank workbook).
The Awesome Ampersand >> &
The ampersand ( & ) is a fun little formula “tool,” allowing you to combine cells. For example, let’s say that you have a column for first names and another column for last names and you want to create a column for the full name. You can use the & to do just that.
Let’s try it in an Excel Worksheet. For this example, let’s use a blank sheet so we don’t interrupt any other project. Go ahead and type your first name in A1 and type your last name in B1. Now, to combine them, click your mouse on the C1 cell and type this formula: =A1 & “ “ & B1. Please only use the part in italics and not any of the rest of it (like not using the period).
What do you see in C1? You should see your full name complete with a space between your first and last names, as would be normal in typing your full name. The & “ “ & portion of the formula is what produced that space. If you had not included “ “ you would have had your first name and last name without a space between them (go ahead and try it if you want to see the result).
Another similar formula uses CONCAT but we will learn about that a little later. For now, keep in mind what the ampersand ( & ) can do for you as this little tip comes in handy in many situations.
SUM() Function
The SUM() function is very handy and it does just what it describes. It adds up the numbers you tell Excel to include and gives you the sum of their values. You can do this in a couple of different ways.
We started by typing in some numbers so we had some data to work with in the use of the function. We simply used 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and started in A1 and typed in each cell going downward toward A5.
Now, to use the SUM() function, start by clicking in the desired cell, in this case we used A6, and typing =SUM( in the formula bar. In this example, stop when you get to the first “(.” Now, click in A1 (the top-most cell) and drag your mouse to A5 (or the bottom-most cell you want to include) and then return to the formula bar and type the closing “).” Do not include the periods or quotation marks and just the parentheses.
The other way to use this function is to manually type the information in the formula bar. This is especially helpful if you have quite a few numbers and scrolling to grab them is a bit difficult. Start this method the same way that you did for the example above, with “=SUM(.”
Then, type the top-most cell’s cell reference. In this case, that would be A1. Include a colon ( : ) and then type the bottom-most cell’s cell reference. In this case, that would be A5.
AVERAGE() Function
What if you wanted to figure out what the average of a group of numbers was? You can easily do that with the AVERAGE() function. You will notice, in the steps below, that it is basically the same as the SUM() function above but with a different function.
With that in mind, we start by selecting the cell we want to use for the result (in this case A6) and then start typing with an equals sign ( = ) and the word AVERAGE. You will notice that as you begin typing it you are offered suggestions and can click on AVERAGE instead of typing the full word, if you like.
Ensure that you have an opening parenthesis in your formula before we add our cell range. Otherwise, you will receive an error.
Now that we have “=AVERAGE(“ typed in our A6 cell (or whichever cell you are using for the result) we can select the cell range that we want to use. In this case we are using A1 through A5.
Keep in mind that you can also type it in manually rather than using the mouse to select the range. If you have a large data set typing in the range is probably easier than the scrolling that would be required to select it. But, of course, it is up to you.
To complete the process simply type in the closing parenthesis “)” and you will receive the average of the five numbers. As you can see, this process is very similar to the SUM() process and other functions. Once you get the hang of one function, the others will be easier.
COUNTIF() Function
Let’s say we wanted to count how many times a certain number shows up in a data set. First, let’s prepare our file for this function so that we have something to count. Remove any formula that you may have in A6. Now, either copy A1 through A5 and paste starting in A6 or simply type the same numbers in the cells going downward starting with A6 and the value of 1 and then A7 with 2, etc.
Now, in A11 let’s start our function/formula. In this case, we are going to type “=COUNTIF(.” Then, we will select cells A1 through A10.
Be sure that you type or select “COUNTIF” and not one of the other COUNT-like functions or we will not get the same result.
Before we do like we have with our other functions, and type the closing parenthesis “)” we need to answer the question of criteria and type that, after a comma “,” and before the parenthesis “).”
What is defined by the “criteria?” That is where we tell Excel what we want it to count (in this case). We typed a comma and then a “5” and then the closing parenthesis to obtain the count of the number of fives (5) that appear in the list of numbers. That result would be two (2) as there are two occurrences.
CONCAT or CONCANTENATE() Function
Similar to our example using just the ampersand ( & ) in our formula, you can combine cells using the CONCAT() function. Go ahead and try it, using our same example.
Type your first name in A1 and your last name in B1. Then, in C1 type CONCAT(A1, “ “ , B1).
You will see that you get the same result as we did with the ampersand (&). Many people use the ampersand because it is easier and less cumbersome but now you see that you also have another option.
Note: This function may be CONCANTENATE in your version of Excel. Microsoft shortened the function name to just CONCAT and that tends to be easier to type (and remember) in the later versions of the software. Fortunately, if you start typing CONCA in your formula bar (after the equals sign), you will see which version your version of Excel uses and can select it by clicking on it with the mouse..
Remember that when you start to type it, to allow your version of Excel to reveal the correct function, to only type “CONCA” (or shorter) and not “CONCAN” (as the start for CONCANTENATE) or you may not see Excel’s suggestion since that is where the two functions start to differ.
Don’t be surprised if you prefer to use the merge method with the ampersand (&) instead of CONCAT(). That is normal.
If/Then Formulas
Let’s say we want to use an If/Then Formula to identify Discount (sort of a second discount) amount in a new column in our Example Excel file. In that case, first we start by adding a column and we are adding it after Column F and before Column G (again, in our downloaded example file).
Now, we type in the formula. In this case, we type it in F2 and it is “=IF(E2>25000, “DISCOUNT 2”). This fulfills what the formula is looking for with a test (E2 greater than 25k) and then a result if the number in E2 passes that test (“DISCOUNT 2”).
Now, copy F2 and paste in the cells that follow it in the F column.
The formula will automatically adjust for each cell (relative cell referencing), with a reference to the appropriate cell. Remember that if you do not want it to automatically adjust, you can precede the cell alpha with a $ sign as well as the number, like A1 is $A$1.
You can see, in the image above, that “DISCOUNT 2” appears in all of the cells in the F2 column. This is because the formula tells it to look at the E2 cell (represented by $E$2) and no relative cells. So, when the formula is copied to the next cell (i.e. F3) it is still looking at the E2 cell because of the dollar signs. So, all of the cells give the same result because they have the same formula referencing the same cell.
Also, if you want a value to show up instead of the word, “FALSE,” simply add a comma and then the word or number that you want to appear (text should be in quotes) at the end of the formula, before the ending parenthesis.
Pro Tip: Use VLOOKUP: Search and find a value in a different cell based on some matching text within the same row.
Managing Your Excel Projects
Fortunately, with the way that Excel documents are designed, you can do quite a bit with your Excel Workbooks. The ability to have different worksheets (tabs) in your document allows you to have related content all in one file. Also, if you feel that you are creating something that may have formulas that work better (or worse) you can copy (right-click option) your Worksheets (tabs) to have various versions of your Worksheet.
You can rename your tabs and use date codes to let you know which versions are the newest (or oldest). This is just one example of how you can use those tabs to your advantage in managing your Excel projects.
Here is an example of renaming your tabs in one of the later versions of Excel. You start by clicking on the tab and you get a result similar to the image here:
If you do not receive that response, that is ok. You may have an earlier version of Excel but it is somewhat intuitive in the way that it allows you to rename the tabs. You can right-click on the tab and get an option to “rename” in the earlier versions of Excel, as well, and sometimes simply type right in the tab.
Excel provides you with so many opportunities in your journey in learning how to use Excel. Now it is time to go out and use it! Have fun.
Sometimes, Excel seems too good to be true. All I have to do is enter a formula, and pretty much anything I’d ever need to do manually can be done automatically.
Need to merge two sheets with similar data? Excel can do it.
Need to do simple math? Excel can do it.
Need to combine information in multiple cells? Excel can do it.
In this post, I’ll go over the best tips, tricks, and shortcuts you can use right now to take your Excel game to the next level. No advanced Excel knowledge required.
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What is Excel?
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Excel Basics
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How to Use Excel
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Excel Tips
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Excel Keyboard Shortcuts
What is Excel?
Microsoft Excel is powerful data visualization and analysis software, which uses spreadsheets to store, organize, and track data sets with formulas and functions. Excel is used by marketers, accountants, data analysts, and other professionals. It’s part of the Microsoft Office suite of products. Alternatives include Google Sheets and Numbers.
Find more Excel alternatives here.
What is Excel used for?
Excel is used to store, analyze, and report on large amounts of data. It is often used by accounting teams for financial analysis, but can be used by any professional to manage long and unwieldy datasets. Examples of Excel applications include balance sheets, budgets, or editorial calendars.
Excel is primarily used for creating financial documents because of its strong computational powers. You’ll often find the software in accounting offices and teams because it allows accountants to automatically see sums, averages, and totals. With Excel, they can easily make sense of their business’ data.
While Excel is primarily known as an accounting tool, professionals in any field can use its features and formulas — especially marketers — because it can be used for tracking any type of data. It removes the need to spend hours and hours counting cells or copying and pasting performance numbers. Excel typically has a shortcut or quick fix that speeds up the process.
You can also download Excel templates below for all of your marketing needs.
After you download the templates, it’s time to start using the software. Let’s cover the basics first.
Excel Basics
If you’re just starting out with Excel, there are a few basic commands that we suggest you become familiar with. These are things like:
- Creating a new spreadsheet from scratch.
- Executing basic computations like adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing.
- Writing and formatting column text and titles.
- Using Excel’s auto-fill features.
- Adding or deleting single columns, rows, and spreadsheets. (Below, we’ll get into how to add things like multiple columns and rows.)
- Keeping column and row titles visible as you scroll past them in a spreadsheet, so that you know what data you’re filling as you move further down the document.
- Sorting your data in alphabetical order.
Let’s explore a few of these more in-depth.
For instance, why does auto-fill matter?
If you have any basic Excel knowledge, it’s likely you already know this quick trick. But to cover our bases, allow me to show you the glory of autofill. This lets you quickly fill adjacent cells with several types of data, including values, series, and formulas.
There are multiple ways to deploy this feature, but the fill handle is among the easiest. Select the cells you want to be the source, locate the fill handle in the lower-right corner of the cell, and either drag the fill handle to cover cells you want to fill or just double click:
Similarly, sorting is an important feature you’ll want to know when organizing your data in Excel.
Sometimes you may have a list of data that has no organization whatsoever. Maybe you exported a list of your marketing contacts or blog posts. Whatever the case may be, Excel’s sort feature will help you alphabetize any list.
Click on the data in the column you want to sort. Then click on the «Data» tab in your toolbar and look for the «Sort» option on the left. If the «A» is on top of the «Z,» you can just click on that button once. If the «Z» is on top of the «A,» click on the button twice. When the «A» is on top of the «Z,» that means your list will be sorted in alphabetical order. However, when the «Z» is on top of the «A,» that means your list will be sorted in reverse alphabetical order.
Let’s explore more of the basics of Excel (along with advanced features) next.
To use Excel, you only need to input the data into the rows and columns. And then you’ll use formulas and functions to turn that data into insights.
We’re going to go over the best formulas and functions you need to know. But first, let’s take a look at the types of documents you can create using the software. That way, you have an overarching understanding of how you can use Excel in your day-to-day.
Documents You Can Create in Excel
Not sure how you can actually use Excel in your team? Here is a list of documents you can create:
- Income Statements: You can use an Excel spreadsheet to track a company’s sales activity and financial health.
- Balance Sheets: Balance sheets are among the most common types of documents you can create with Excel. It allows you to get a holistic view of a company’s financial standing.
- Calendar: You can easily create a spreadsheet monthly calendar to track events or other date-sensitive information.
Here are some documents you can create specifically for marketers.
- Marketing Budgets: Excel is a strong budget-keeping tool. You can create and track marketing budgets, as well as spend, using Excel. If you don’t want to create a document from scratch, download our marketing budget templates for free.
- Marketing Reports: If you don’t use a marketing tool such as Marketing Hub, you might find yourself in need of a dashboard with all of your reports. Excel is an excellent tool to create marketing reports. Download free Excel marketing reporting templates here.
- Editorial Calendars: You can create editorial calendars in Excel. The tab format makes it extremely easy to track your content creation efforts for custom time ranges. Download a free editorial content calendar template here.
- Traffic and Leads Calculator: Because of its strong computational powers, Excel is an excellent tool to create all sorts of calculators — including one for tracking leads and traffic. Click here to download a free premade lead goal calculator.
This is only a small sampling of the types of marketing and business documents you can create in Excel. We’ve created an extensive list of Excel templates you can use right now for marketing, invoicing, project management, budgeting, and more.
In the spirit of working more efficiently and avoiding tedious, manual work, here are a few Excel formulas and functions you’ll need to know.
Excel Formulas
It’s easy to get overwhelmed by the wide range of Excel formulas that you can use to make sense out of your data. If you’re just getting started using Excel, you can rely on the following formulas to carry out some complex functions — without adding to the complexity of your learning path.
- Equal sign: Before creating any formula, you’ll need to write an equal sign (=) in the cell where you want the result to appear.
- Addition: To add the values of two or more cells, use the + sign. Example: =C5+D3.
- Subtraction: To subtract the values of two or more cells, use the — sign. Example: =C5-D3.
- Multiplication: To multiply the values of two or more cells, use the * sign. Example: =C5*D3.
- Division: To divide the values of two or more cells, use the / sign. Example: =C5/D3.
Putting all of these together, you can create a formula that adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides all in one cell. Example: =(C5-D3)/((A5+B6)*3).
For more complex formulas, you’ll need to use parentheses around the expressions to avoid accidentally using the PEMDAS order of operations. Keep in mind that you can use plain numbers in your formulas.
Excel Functions
Excel functions automate some of the tasks you would use in a typical formula. For instance, instead of using the + sign to add up a range of cells, you’d use the SUM function. Let’s look at a few more functions that will help automate calculations and tasks.
- SUM: The SUM function automatically adds up a range of cells or numbers. To complete a sum, you would input the starting cell and the final cell with a colon in between. Here’s what that looks like: SUM(Cell1:Cell2). Example: =SUM(C5:C30).
- AVERAGE: The AVERAGE function averages out the values of a range of cells. The syntax is the same as the SUM function: AVERAGE(Cell1:Cell2). Example: =AVERAGE(C5:C30).
- IF: The IF function allows you to return values based on a logical test. The syntax is as follows: IF(logical_test, value_if_true, [value_if_false]). Example: =IF(A2>B2,»Over Budget»,»OK»).
- VLOOKUP: The VLOOKUP function helps you search for anything on your sheet’s rows. The syntax is: VLOOKUP(lookup value, table array, column number, Approximate match (TRUE) or Exact match (FALSE)). Example: =VLOOKUP([@Attorney],tbl_Attorneys,4,FALSE).
- INDEX: The INDEX function returns a value from within a range. The syntax is as follows: INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num]).
- MATCH: The MATCH function looks for a certain item in a range of cells and returns the position of that item. It can be used in tandem with the INDEX function. The syntax is: MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type]).
- COUNTIF: The COUNTIF function returns the number of cells that meet a certain criteria or have a certain value. The syntax is: COUNTIF(range, criteria). Example: =COUNTIF(A2:A5,»London»).
Okay, ready to get into the nitty-gritty? Let’s get to it. (And to all the Harry Potter fans out there … you’re welcome in advance.)
Excel Tips
- Use Pivot tables to recognize and make sense of data.
- Add more than one row or column.
- Use filters to simplify your data.
- Remove duplicate data points or sets.
- Transpose rows into columns.
- Split up text information between columns.
- Use these formulas for simple calculations.
- Get the average of numbers in your cells.
- Use conditional formatting to make cells automatically change color based on data.
- Use IF Excel formula to automate certain Excel functions.
- Use dollar signs to keep one cell’s formula the same regardless of where it moves.
- Use the VLOOKUP function to pull data from one area of a sheet to another.
- Use INDEX and MATCH formulas to pull data from horizontal columns.
- Use the COUNTIF function to make Excel count words or numbers in any range of cells.
- Combine cells using ampersand.
- Add checkboxes.
- Hyperlink a cell to a website.
- Add drop-down menus.
- Use the format painter.
Note: The GIFs and visuals are from a previous version of Excel. When applicable, the copy has been updated to provide instruction for users of both newer and older Excel versions.
1. Use Pivot tables to recognize and make sense of data.
Pivot tables are used to reorganize data in a spreadsheet. They won’t change the data that you have, but they can sum up values and compare different information in your spreadsheet, depending on what you’d like them to do.
Let’s take a look at an example. Let’s say I want to take a look at how many people are in each house at Hogwarts. You may be thinking that I don’t have too much data, but for longer data sets, this will come in handy.
To create the Pivot Table, I go to Data > Pivot Table. If you’re using the most recent version of Excel, you’d go to Insert > Pivot Table. Excel will automatically populate your Pivot Table, but you can always change around the order of the data. Then, you have four options to choose from.
- Report Filter: This allows you to only look at certain rows in your dataset. For example, if I wanted to create a filter by house, I could choose to only include students in Gryffindor instead of all students.
- Column Labels: These would be your headers in the dataset.
- Row Labels: These could be your rows in the dataset. Both Row and Column labels can contain data from your columns (e.g. First Name can be dragged to either the Row or Column label — it just depends on how you want to see the data.)
- Value: This section allows you to look at your data differently. Instead of just pulling in any numeric value, you can sum, count, average, max, min, count numbers, or do a few other manipulations with your data. In fact, by default, when you drag a field to Value, it always does a count.
Since I want to count the number of students in each house, I’ll go to the Pivot table builder and drag the House column to both the Row Labels and the Values. This will sum up the number of students associated with each house.
2. Add more than one row or column.
As you play around with your data, you might find you’re constantly needing to add more rows and columns. Sometimes, you may even need to add hundreds of rows. Doing this one-by-one would be super tedious. Luckily, there’s always an easier way.
To add multiple rows or columns in a spreadsheet, highlight the same number of preexisting rows or columns that you want to add. Then, right-click and select «Insert.»
In the example below, I want to add an additional three rows. By highlighting three rows and then clicking insert, I’m able to add an additional three blank rows into my spreadsheet quickly and easily.
3. Use filters to simplify your data.
When you’re looking at very large data sets, you don’t usually need to be looking at every single row at the same time. Sometimes, you only want to look at data that fit into certain criteria.
That’s where filters come in.
Filters allow you to pare down your data to only look at certain rows at one time. In Excel, a filter can be added to each column in your data — and from there, you can then choose which cells you want to view at once.
Let’s take a look at the example below. Add a filter by clicking the Data tab and selecting «Filter.» Clicking the arrow next to the column headers and you’ll be able to choose whether you want your data to be organized in ascending or descending order, as well as which specific rows you want to show.
In my Harry Potter example, let’s say I only want to see the students in Gryffindor. By selecting the Gryffindor filter, the other rows disappear.
Pro Tip: Copy and paste the values in the spreadsheet when a Filter is on to do additional analysis in another spreadsheet.
4. Remove duplicate data points or sets.
Larger data sets tend to have duplicate content. You may have a list of multiple contacts in a company and only want to see the number of companies you have. In situations like this, removing the duplicates comes in quite handy.
To remove your duplicates, highlight the row or column that you want to remove duplicates of. Then, go to the Data tab and select «Remove Duplicates» (which is under the Tools subheader in the older version of Excel). A pop-up will appear to confirm which data you want to work with. Select «Remove Duplicates,» and you’re good to go.
You can also use this feature to remove an entire row based on a duplicate column value. So if you have three rows with Harry Potter’s information and you only need to see one, then you can select the whole dataset and then remove duplicates based on email. Your resulting list will have only unique names without any duplicates.
5. Transpose rows into columns.
When you have rows of data in your spreadsheet, you might decide you actually want to transform the items in one of those rows into columns (or vice versa). It would take a lot of time to copy and paste each individual header — but what the transpose feature allows you to do is simply move your row data into columns, or the other way around.
Start by highlighting the column that you want to transpose into rows. Right-click it, and then select «Copy.» Next, select the cells on your spreadsheet where you want your first row or column to begin. Right-click on the cell, and then select «Paste Special.» A module will appear — at the bottom, you’ll see an option to transpose. Check that box and select OK. Your column will now be transferred to a row or vice-versa.
On newer versions of Excel, a drop-down will appear instead of a pop-up.
6. Split up text information between columns.
What if you want to split out information that’s in one cell into two different cells? For example, maybe you want to pull out someone’s company name through their email address. Or perhaps you want to separate someone’s full name into a first and last name for your email marketing templates.
Thanks to Excel, both are possible. First, highlight the column that you want to split up. Next, go to the Data tab and select «Text to Columns.» A module will appear with additional information.
First, you need to select either «Delimited» or «Fixed Width.»
- «Delimited» means you want to break up the column based on characters such as commas, spaces, or tabs.
- «Fixed Width» means you want to select the exact location on all the columns that you want the split to occur.
In the example case below, let’s select «Delimited» so we can separate the full name into first name and last name.
Then, it’s time to choose the Delimiters. This could be a tab, semi-colon, comma, space, or something else. («Something else» could be the «@» sign used in an email address, for example.) In our example, let’s choose the space. Excel will then show you a preview of what your new columns will look like.
When you’re happy with the preview, press «Next.» This page will allow you to select Advanced Formats if you choose to. When you’re done, click «Finish.»
7. Use formulas for simple calculations.
In addition to doing pretty complex calculations, Excel can help you do simple arithmetic like adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing any of your data.
- To add, use the + sign.
- To subtract, use the — sign.
- To multiply, use the * sign.
- To divide, use the / sign.
You can also use parentheses to ensure certain calculations are done first. In the example below (10+10*10), the second and third 10 were multiplied together before adding the additional 10. However, if we made it (10+10)*10, the first and second 10 would be added together first.
8. Get the average of numbers in your cells.
If you want the average of a set of numbers, you can use the formula =AVERAGE(Cell1:Cell2). If you want to sum up a column of numbers, you can use the formula =SUM(Cell1:Cell2).
9. Use conditional formatting to make cells automatically change color based on data.
Conditional formatting allows you to change a cell’s color based on the information within the cell. For example, if you want to flag certain numbers that are above average or in the top 10% of the data in your spreadsheet, you can do that. If you want to color code commonalities between different rows in Excel, you can do that. This will help you quickly see information that is important to you.
To get started, highlight the group of cells you want to use conditional formatting on. Then, choose «Conditional Formatting» from the Home menu and select your logic from the dropdown. (You can also create your own rule if you want something different.) A window will pop up that prompts you to provide more information about your formatting rule. Select «OK» when you’re done, and you should see your results automatically appear.
10. Use the IF Excel formula to automate certain Excel functions.
Sometimes, we don’t want to count the number of times a value appears. Instead, we want to input different information into a cell if there is a corresponding cell with that information.
For example, in the situation below, I want to award ten points to everyone who belongs in the Gryffindor house. Instead of manually typing in 10’s next to each Gryffindor student’s name, I can use the IF Excel formula to say that if the student is in Gryffindor, then they should get ten points.
The formula is: IF(logical_test, value_if_true, [value_if_false])
Example Shown Below: =IF(D2=»Gryffindor»,»10″,»0″)
In general terms, the formula would be IF(Logical Test, value of true, value of false). Let’s dig into each of these variables.
- Logical_Test: The logical test is the «IF» part of the statement. In this case, the logic is D2=»Gryffindor» because we want to make sure that the cell corresponding with the student says «Gryffindor.» Make sure to put Gryffindor in quotation marks here.
- Value_if_True: This is what we want the cell to show if the value is true. In this case, we want the cell to show «10» to indicate that the student was awarded the 10 points. Only use quotation marks if you want the result to be text instead of a number.
- Value_if_False: This is what we want the cell to show if the value is false. In this case, for any student not in Gryffindor, we want the cell to show «0». Only use quotation marks if you want the result to be text instead of a number.
Note: In the example above, I awarded 10 points to everyone in Gryffindor. If I later wanted to sum the total number of points, I wouldn’t be able to because the 10’s are in quotes, thus making them text and not a number that Excel can sum.
The real power of the IF function comes when you string multiple IF statements together, or nest them. This allows you to set multiple conditions, get more specific results, and ultimately organize your data into more manageable chunks.
Ranges are one way to segment your data for better analysis. For example, you can categorize data into values that are less than 10, 11 to 50, or 51 to 100. Here’s how that looks in practice:
=IF(B3<11,“10 or less”,IF(B3<51,“11 to 50”,IF(B3<100,“51 to 100”)))
It can take some trial-and-error, but once you have the hang of it, IF formulas will become your new Excel best friend.
11. Use dollar signs to keep one cell’s formula the same regardless of where it moves.
Have you ever seen a dollar sign in an Excel formula? When used in a formula, it isn’t representing an American dollar; instead, it makes sure that the exact column and row are held the same even if you copy the same formula in adjacent rows.
You see, a cell reference — when you refer to cell A5 from cell C5, for example — is relative by default. In that case, you’re actually referring to a cell that’s five columns to the left (C minus A) and in the same row (5). This is called a relative formula. When you copy a relative formula from one cell to another, it’ll adjust the values in the formula based on where it’s moved. But sometimes, we want those values to stay the same no matter whether they’re moved around or not — and we can do that by turning the formula into an absolute formula.
To change the relative formula (=A5+C5) into an absolute formula, we’d precede the row and column values by dollar signs, like this: (=$A$5+$C$5). (Learn more on Microsoft Office’s support page here.)
12. Use the VLOOKUP function to pull data from one area of a sheet to another.
Have you ever had two sets of data on two different spreadsheets that you want to combine into a single spreadsheet?
For example, you might have a list of people’s names next to their email addresses in one spreadsheet, and a list of those same people’s email addresses next to their company names in the other — but you want the names, email addresses, and company names of those people to appear in one place.
I have to combine data sets like this a lot — and when I do, the VLOOKUP is my go-to formula.
Before you use the formula, though, be absolutely sure that you have at least one column that appears identically in both places. Scour your data sets to make sure the column of data you’re using to combine your information is exactly the same, including no extra spaces.
The formula: =VLOOKUP(lookup value, table array, column number, Approximate match (TRUE) or Exact match (FALSE))
The formula with variables from our example below: =VLOOKUP(C2,Sheet2!A:B,2,FALSE)
In this formula, there are several variables. The following is true when you want to combine information in Sheet 1 and Sheet 2 onto Sheet 1.
- Lookup Value: This is the identical value you have in both spreadsheets. Choose the first value in your first spreadsheet. In the example that follows, this means the first email address on the list, or cell 2 (C2).
- Table Array: The table array is the range of columns on Sheet 2 you’re going to pull your data from, including the column of data identical to your lookup value (in our example, email addresses) in Sheet 1 as well as the column of data you’re trying to copy to Sheet 1. In our example, this is «Sheet2!A:B.» «A» means Column A in Sheet 2, which is the column in Sheet 2 where the data identical to our lookup value (email) in Sheet 1 is listed. The «B» means Column B, which contains the information that’s only available in Sheet 2 that you want to translate to Sheet 1.
- Column Number: This tells Excel which column the new data you want to copy to Sheet 1 is located in. In our example, this would be the column that «House» is located in. «House» is the second column in our range of columns (table array), so our column number is 2. [Note: Your range can be more than two columns. For example, if there are three columns on Sheet 2 — Email, Age, and House — and you still want to bring House onto Sheet 1, you can still use a VLOOKUP. You just need to change the «2» to a «3» so it pulls back the value in the third column: =VLOOKUP(C2:Sheet2!A:C,3,false).]
- Approximate Match (TRUE) or Exact Match (FALSE): Use FALSE to ensure you pull in only exact value matches. If you use TRUE, the function will pull in approximate matches.
In the example below, Sheet 1 and Sheet 2 contain lists describing different information about the same people, and the common thread between the two is their email addresses. Let’s say we want to combine both datasets so that all the house information from Sheet 2 translates over to Sheet 1.
So when we type in the formula =VLOOKUP(C2,Sheet2!A:B,2,FALSE), we bring all the house data into Sheet 1.
Keep in mind that VLOOKUP will only pull back values from the second sheet that are to the right of the column containing your identical data. This can lead to some limitations, which is why some people prefer to use the INDEX and MATCH functions instead.
13. Use INDEX and MATCH formulas to pull data from horizontal columns.
Like VLOOKUP, the INDEX and MATCH functions pull in data from another dataset into one central location. Here are the main differences:
- VLOOKUP is a much simpler formula. If you’re working with large data sets that would require thousands of lookups, using the INDEX and MATCH function will significantly decrease load time in Excel.
- The INDEX and MATCH formulas work right-to-left, whereas VLOOKUP formulas only work as a left-to-right lookup. In other words, if you need to do a lookup that has a lookup column to the right of the results column, then you’d have to rearrange those columns in order to do a VLOOKUP. This can be tedious with large datasets and/or lead to errors.
So if I want to combine information in Sheet 1 and Sheet 2 onto Sheet 1, but the column values in Sheets 1 and 2 aren’t the same, then to do a VLOOKUP, I would need to switch around my columns. In this case, I’d choose to do an INDEX and MATCH instead.
Let’s look at an example. Let’s say Sheet 1 contains a list of people’s names and their Hogwarts email addresses, and Sheet 2 contains a list of people’s email addresses and the Patronus that each student has. (For the non-Harry Potter fans out there, every witch or wizard has an animal guardian called a «Patronus» associated with him or her.) The information that lives in both sheets is the column containing email addresses, but this email address column is in different column numbers on each sheet. I’d use the INDEX and MATCH formulas instead of VLOOKUP so I wouldn’t have to switch any columns around.
So what’s the formula, then? The formula is actually the MATCH formula nested inside the INDEX formula. You’ll see I differentiated the MATCH formula using a different color here.
The formula: =INDEX(table array, MATCH formula)
This becomes: =INDEX(table array, MATCH (lookup_value, lookup_array))
The formula with variables from our example below: =INDEX(Sheet2!A:A,(MATCH(Sheet1!C:C,Sheet2!C:C,0)))
Here are the variables:
- Table Array: The range of columns on Sheet 2 containing the new data you want to bring over to Sheet 1. In our example, «A» means Column A, which contains the «Patronus» information for each person.
- Lookup Value: This is the column in Sheet 1 that contains identical values in both spreadsheets. In the example that follows, this means the «email» column on Sheet 1, which is Column C. So: Sheet1!C:C.
- Lookup Array: This is the column in Sheet 2 that contains identical values in both spreadsheets. In the example that follows, this refers to the «email» column on Sheet 2, which happens to also be Column C. So: Sheet2!C:C.
Once you have your variables straight, type in the INDEX and MATCH formulas in the top-most cell of the blank Patronus column on Sheet 1, where you want the combined information to live.
14. Use the COUNTIF function to make Excel count words or numbers in any range of cells.
Instead of manually counting how often a certain value or number appears, let Excel do the work for you. With the COUNTIF function, Excel can count the number of times a word or number appears in any range of cells.
For example, let’s say I want to count the number of times the word «Gryffindor» appears in my data set.
The formula: =COUNTIF(range, criteria)
The formula with variables from our example below: =COUNTIF(D:D,»Gryffindor»)
In this formula, there are several variables:
- Range: The range that we want the formula to cover. In this case, since we’re only focusing on one column, we use «D:D» to indicate that the first and last column are both D. If I were looking at columns C and D, I would use «C:D.»
- Criteria: Whatever number or piece of text you want Excel to count. Only use quotation marks if you want the result to be text instead of a number. In our example, the criteria is «Gryffindor.»
Simply typing in the COUNTIF formula in any cell and pressing «Enter» will show me how many times the word «Gryffindor» appears in the dataset.
15. Combine cells using &.
Databases tend to split out data to make it as exact as possible. For example, instead of having a column that shows a person’s full name, a database might have the data as a first name and then a last name in separate columns. Or, it may have a person’s location separated by city, state, and zip code. In Excel, you can combine cells with different data into one cell by using the «&» sign in your function.
The formula with variables from our example below: =A2&» «&B2
Let’s go through the formula together using an example. Pretend we want to combine first names and last names into full names in a single column. To do this, we’d first put our cursor in the blank cell where we want the full name to appear. Next, we’d highlight one cell that contains a first name, type in an «&» sign, and then highlight a cell with the corresponding last name.
But you’re not finished — if all you type in is =A2&B2, then there will not be a space between the person’s first name and last name. To add that necessary space, use the function =A2&» «&B2. The quotation marks around the space tell Excel to put a space in between the first and last name.
To make this true for multiple rows, simply drag the corner of that first cell downward as shown in the example.
16. Add checkboxes.
If you’re using an Excel sheet to track customer data and want to oversee something that isn’t quantifiable, you could insert checkboxes into a column.
For example, if you’re using an Excel sheet to manage your sales prospects and want to track whether you called them in the last quarter, you could have a «Called this quarter?» column and check off the cells in it when you’ve called the respective client.
Here’s how to do it.
Highlight a cell you’d like to add checkboxes to in your spreadsheet. Then, click DEVELOPER. Then, under FORM CONTROLS, click the checkbox or the selection circle highlighted in the image below.
Once the box appears in the cell, copy it, highlight the cells you also want it to appear in, and then paste it.
17. Hyperlink a cell to a website.
If you’re using your sheet to track social media or website metrics, it can be helpful to have a reference column with the links each row is tracking. If you add a URL directly into Excel, it should automatically be clickable. But, if you have to hyperlink words, such as a page title or the headline of a post you’re tracking, here’s how.
Highlight the words you want to hyperlink, then press Shift K. From there a box will pop up allowing you to place the hyperlink URL. Copy and paste the URL into this box and hit or click Enter.
If the key shortcut isn’t working for any reason, you can also do this manually by highlighting the cell and clicking Insert > Hyperlink.
18. Add drop-down menus.
Sometimes, you’ll be using your spreadsheet to track processes or other qualitative things. Rather than writing words into your sheet repetitively, such as «Yes», «No», «Customer Stage», «Sales Lead», or «Prospect», you can use dropdown menus to quickly mark descriptive things about your contacts or whatever you’re tracking.
Here’s how to add drop-downs to your cells.
Highlight the cells you want the drop-downs to be in, then click the Data menu in the top navigation and press Validation.
From there, you’ll see a Data Validation Settings box open. Look at the Allow options, then click Lists and select Drop-down List. Check the In-Cell dropdown button, then press OK.
19. Use the format painter.
As you’ve probably noticed, Excel has a lot of features to make crunching numbers and analyzing your data quick and easy. But if you ever spent some time formatting a sheet to your liking, you know it can get a bit tedious.
Don’t waste time repeating the same formatting commands over and over again. Use the format painter to easily copy the formatting from one area of the worksheet to another. To do so, choose the cell you’d like to replicate, then select the format painter option (paintbrush icon) from the top toolbar.
Excel Keyboard Shortcuts
Creating reports in Excel is time-consuming enough. How can we spend less time navigating, formatting, and selecting items in our spreadsheet? Glad you asked. There are a ton of Excel shortcuts out there, including some of our favorites listed below.
Create a New Workbook
PC: Ctrl-N | Mac: Command-N
Select Entire Row
PC: Shift-Space | Mac: Shift-Space
Select Entire Column
PC: Ctrl-Space | Mac: Control-Space
Select Rest of Column
PC: Ctrl-Shift-Down/Up | Mac: Command-Shift-Down/Up
Select Rest of Row
PC: Ctrl-Shift-Right/Left | Mac: Command-Shift-Right/Left
Add Hyperlink
PC: Ctrl-K | Mac: Command-K
Open Format Cells Window
PC: Ctrl-1 | Mac: Command-1
Autosum Selected Cells
PC: Alt-= | Mac: Command-Shift-T
Other Excel Help Resources
- How to Make a Chart or Graph in Excel [With Video Tutorial]
- Design Tips to Create Beautiful Excel Charts and Graphs
- Totally Free Microsoft Excel Templates That Make Marketing Easier
- How to Learn Excel Online: Free and Paid Resources for Excel Training
Use Excel to Automate Processes in Your Team
Even if you’re not an accountant, you can still use Excel to automate tasks and processes in your team. With the tips and tricks we shared in this post, you’ll be sure to use Excel to its fullest extent and get the most out of the software to grow your business.
Editor’s Note: This post was originally published in August 2017 but has been updated for comprehensiveness.
In this Microsoft Excel tutorial, we will learn the Microsoft Exel basics. These Microsoft Excel notes will help you learn every MS Excel concepts. Let’s start with the introduction:
What is Microsoft Excel?
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program used to record and analyze numerical and statistical data. Microsoft Excel provides multiple features to perform various operations like calculations, pivot tables, graph tools, macro programming, etc. It is compatible with multiple OS like Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.
A Excel spreadsheet can be understood as a collection of columns and rows that form a table. Alphabetical letters are usually assigned to columns, and numbers are usually assigned to rows. The point where a column and a row meet is called a cell. The address of a cell is given by the letter representing the column and the number representing a row.
Why Should I Learn Microsoft Excel?
We all deal with numbers in one way or the other. We all have daily expenses which we pay for from the monthly income that we earn. For one to spend wisely, they will need to know their income vs. expenditure. Microsoft Excel comes in handy when we want to record, analyze and store such numeric data. Let’s illustrate this using the following image.
Where can I get Microsoft Excel?
There are number of ways in which you can get Microsoft Excel. You can buy it from a hardware computer shop that also sells software. Microsoft Excel is part of the Microsoft Office suite of programs. Alternatively, you can download it from the Microsoft website but you will have to buy the license key.
In this Microsoft Excel tutorial, we are going to cover the following topics about MS Excel.
- How to Open Microsoft Excel?
- Understanding the Ribbon
- Understanding the worksheet
- Customization Microsoft Excel Environment
- Important Excel shortcuts
How to Open Microsoft Excel?
Running Excel is not different from running any other Windows program. If you are running Windows with a GUI like (Windows XP, Vista, and 7) follow the following steps.
- Click on start menu
- Point to all programs
- Point to Microsoft Excel
- Click on Microsoft Excel
Alternatively, you can also open it from the start menu if it has been added there. You can also open it from the desktop shortcut if you have created one.
For this tutorial, we will be working with Windows 8.1 and Microsoft Excel 2013. Follow the following steps to run Excel on Windows 8.1
- Click on start menu
- Search for Excel N.B. even before you even typing, all programs starting with what you have typed will be listed.
- Click on Microsoft Excel
The following image shows you how to do this
Understanding the Ribbon
The ribbon provides shortcuts to commands in Excel. A command is an action that the user performs. An example of a command is creating a new document, printing a documenting, etc. The image below shows the ribbon used in Excel 2013.
Ribbon components explained
Ribbon start button – it is used to access commands i.e. creating new documents, saving existing work, printing, accessing the options for customizing Excel, etc.
Ribbon tabs – the tabs are used to group similar commands together. The home tab is used for basic commands such as formatting the data to make it more presentable, sorting and finding specific data within the spreadsheet.
Ribbon bar – the bars are used to group similar commands together. As an example, the Alignment ribbon bar is used to group all the commands that are used to align data together.
Understanding the worksheet (Rows and Columns, Sheets, Workbooks)
A worksheet is a collection of rows and columns. When a row and a column meet, they form a cell. Cells are used to record data. Each cell is uniquely identified using a cell address. Columns are usually labelled with letters while rows are usually numbers.
A workbook is a collection of worksheets. By default, a workbook has three cells in Excel. You can delete or add more sheets to suit your requirements. By default, the sheets are named Sheet1, Sheet2 and so on and so forth. You can rename the sheet names to more meaningful names i.e. Daily Expenses, Monthly Budget, etc.
Customization Microsoft Excel Environment
Personally I like the black colour, so my excel theme looks blackish. Your favourite colour could be blue, and you too can make your theme colour look blue-like. If you are not a programmer, you may not want to include ribbon tabs i.e. developer. All this is made possible via customizations. In this sub-section, we are going to look at;
- Customization the ribbon
- Setting the colour theme
- Settings for formulas
- Proofing settings
- Save settings
Customization of ribbon
The above image shows the default ribbon in Excel 2013. Let’s start with customization the ribbon, suppose you do not wish to see some of the tabs on the ribbon, or you would like to add some tabs that are missing such as the developer tab. You can use the options window to achieve this.
- Click on the ribbon start button
- Select options from the drop down menu. You should be able to see an Excel Options dialog window
- Select the customize ribbon option from the left-hand side panel as shown below
- On your right-hand side, remove the check marks from the tabs that you do not wish to see on the ribbon. For this example, we have removed Page Layout, Review, and View tab.
- Click on the “OK” button when you are done.
Your ribbon will look as follows
Adding custom tabs to the ribbon
You can also add your own tab, give it a custom name and assign commands to it. Let’s add a tab to the ribbon with the text Guru99
- Right click on the ribbon and select Customize the Ribbon. The dialogue window shown above will appear
- Click on new tab button as illustrated in the animated image below
- Select the newly created tab
- Click on Rename button
- Give it a name of Guru99
- Select the New Group (Custom) under Guru99 tab as shown in the image below
- Click on Rename button and give it a name of My Commands
- Let’s now add commands to my ribbon bar
- The commands are listed on the middle panel
- Select All chart types command and click on Add button
- Click on OK
Your ribbon will look as follows
Setting the colour theme
To set the color-theme for your Excel sheet you have to go to Excel ribbon, and click on à File àOption command. It will open a window where you have to follow the following steps.
- The general tab on the left-hand panel will be selected by default.
- Look for colour scheme under General options for working with Excel
- Click on the colour scheme drop-down list and select the desired colour
- Click on OK button
Settings for formulas
This option allows you to define how Excel behaves when you are working with formulas. You can use it to set options i.e. autocomplete when entering formulas, change the cell referencing style and use numbers for both columns and rows and other options.
If you want to activate an option, click on its check box. If you want to deactivate an option, remove the mark from the checkbox. You can this option from the Options dialogue window under formulas tab from the left-hand side panel
Proofing settings
This option manipulates the entered text entered into excel. It allows setting options such as the dictionary language that should be used when checking for wrong spellings, suggestions from the dictionary, etc. You can this option from the options dialogue window under the proofing tab from the left-hand side panel
Save settings
This option allows you to define the default file format when saving files, enable auto recovery in case your computer goes off before you could save your work, etc. You can use this option from the Options dialogue window under save tab from the left-hand side panel
Important Excel shortcuts
Ctrl + P | used to open the print dialogue window |
Ctrl + N | creates a new workbook |
Ctrl + S | saves the current workbook |
Ctrl + C | copy contents of current select |
Ctrl + V | paste data from the clipboard |
SHIFT + F3 | displays the function insert dialog window |
SHIFT + F11 | Creates a new worksheet |
F2 | Check formula and cell range covered |
Best Practices when working with Microsoft Excel
- Save workbooks with backward compatibility in mind. If you are not using the latest features in higher versions of Excel, you should save your files in 2003 *.xls format for backwards compatibility
- Use description names for columns and worksheets in a workbook
- Avoid working with complex formulas with many variables. Try to break them down into small managed results that you can use to build on
- Use built-in functions whenever you can instead of writing your own formulas
Summary
- Introduction of MS Excel : Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet program used to record, manipulate, store numeric data and it can be customized to match your preferences
- The ribbon is used to access various commands in Excel
- The options dialogue window allows you to customize a number of items i.e. the ribbon, formulas, proofing, save, etc.
Microsoft Excel – самая популярная программа для работы с электронными таблицами. Ее преимущество заключается в наличии всех базовых и продвинутых функций, которые подойдут как новичкам, так и опытным пользователям, нуждающимся в профессиональном ПО.
В рамках этой статьи я хочу рассказать о том, как начать работу в Эксель и понять принцип взаимодействия с данным софтом.
Создание таблицы в Microsoft Excel
Конечно, в первую очередь необходимо затронуть тему создания таблиц в Microsoft Excel, поскольку эти объекты являются основными и вокруг них строится остальная работа с функциями. Запустите программу и создайте пустой лист, если еще не сделали этого ранее. На экране вы видите начерченный проект со столбцами и строками. Столбцы имеют буквенное обозначение, а строки – цифренное. Ячейки образовываются из их сочетания, то есть A1 – это ячейка, располагающаяся под первым номером в столбце группы А. С пониманием этого не должно возникнуть никаких проблем.
Обратите внимание на приведенный выше скриншот. Вы можете задавать любые названия для столбцов, заполняя данные в ячейках. Именно так формируется таблица. Если не ставить для нее границ, то она будет бесконечной. В случае необходимости создания выделенной таблицы, которую в будущем можно будет редактировать, копировать и связывать с другими листами, перейдите на вкладку «Вставка» и выберите вариант вставки таблицы.
Задайте для нее необходимую область, зажав левую кнопку мыши и потянув курсор на необходимое расстояние, следя за тем, какие ячейки попадают в пунктирную линию. Если вы уже разобрались с названиями ячеек, можете заполнить данные самостоятельно в поле расположения. Однако там нужно вписывать дополнительные символы, с чем новички часто незнакомы, поэтому проще пойти предложенным способом. Нажмите «ОК» для завершения создания таблицы.
На листе вы сразу же увидите сформированную таблицу с группировками по столбцам, которые можно сворачивать, если их отображение в текущий момент не требуется. Видно, что таблица имеет свое оформление и точно заданные границы. В будущем вам может потребоваться увеличение или сокращение таблицы, поэтому вы можете редактировать ее параметры на вкладке «Конструктор».
Обратите внимание на функцию «Экспресс-стили», которая находится на той же упомянутой вкладке. Она предназначена для изменения внешнего вида таблицы, цветовой гаммы. Раскройте список доступных тем и выберите одну из них либо приступите к созданию своей, разобраться с чем будет не так сложно.
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Основные элементы редактирования
Работать в Excel самостоятельно – значит, использовать встроенные элементы редактирования, которые обязательно пригодятся при составлении таблиц. Подробно останавливаться на них мы не будем, поскольку большинство из предложенных инструментов знакомы любому пользователю, кто хотя бы раз сталкивался с подобными элементами в том же текстовом редакторе от Microsoft.
На вкладке «Главная» вы увидите все упомянутые инструменты. С их помощью вы можете управлять буфером обмена, изменять шрифт и его формат, использовать выравнивание текста, убирать лишние знаки после запятой в цифрах, применять стили ячеек и сортировать данные через раздел «Редактирование».
Использование функций Excel
По сути, создать ту же таблицу можно практически в любом текстовом или графическом редакторе, но такие решения пользователям не подходят из-за отсутствия средств автоматизации. Поэтому большинство пользователей, которые задаются вопросом «Как научиться работать в Excel», желают максимально упростить этот процесс и по максимуму задействовать все встроенные инструменты. Главные средства автоматизации – функции, о которых и пойдет речь далее.
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Если вы желаете объявить любую функцию в ячейке (результат обязательно выводится в поле), начните написание со знака «=», после чего впишите первый символ, обозначающий название формулы. На экране появится список подходящих вариантов, а нажатие клавиши TAB выбирает одну из них и автоматически дописывает оставшиеся символы.
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Обратите внимание на то, что справа от имени выбранной функции показывается ее краткое описание от разработчиков, позволяющее понять предназначение и действие, которое она выполняет.
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Если кликнуть по значку с функцией справа от поля ввода, на экране появится специальное окно «Вставка функции», в котором вы можете ознакомиться со всеми ними еще более детально, получив полный список и справку. Если выбрать одну из функций, появится следующее окно редактирования, где указываются аргументы и опции. Это позволит не запутаться в правильном написании значений.
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Взгляните на следующее изображение. Это пример самой простой функции, результатом которой является сумма указанного диапазона ячеек или двух из них. В данном случае знак «:» означает, что все значения ячеек указанного диапазона попадают под выражение и будут суммироваться. Все формулы разобрать в одной статье нереально, поэтому читайте официальную справку по каждой или найдите открытую информацию в сети.
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На вкладке с формулами вы можете найти любую из них по группам, редактировать параметры вычислений или зависимости. В большинстве случаев это пригождается только опытным пользователям, поэтому просто упомяну наличие такой вкладки с полезными инструментами.
Вставка диаграмм
Часто работа в Эксель подразумевает использование диаграмм, зависимых от составленной таблицы. Обычно это требуется ученикам, которые готовят на занятия конкретные проекты с вычислениями, однако применяются графики и в профессиональных сферах. На данном сайте есть другая моя инструкция, посвященная именно составлению диаграммы по таблице. Она поможет разобраться во всех тонкостях этого дела и самостоятельно составить график необходимого типа.
Подробнее: Как построить диаграмму по таблице в Excel: пошаговая инструкция
Элементы разметки страницы
Вкладка под названием «Разметка страницы» пригодится вам только в том случае, если создаваемый лист в будущем должен отправиться в печать. Здесь вы найдете параметры страницы, сможете изменить ее размер, ориентацию, указать область печати и выполнить другое редактирование. Большинство доступных инструментов подписаны, и с их использованием не возникнет никаких проблем. Учитывайте, что при внесении изменений вы можете нажать комбинацию клавиш Ctrl + Z, если вдруг что-то сделали не так.
Сохранение и переключение между таблицами
Программа Эксель подразумевает огромное количество мелочей, на разбор которых уйдет ни один час времени, однако начинающим пользователям, желающим разобраться в базовых вещах, представленной выше информации будет достаточно. В завершение отмечу, что на главном экране вы можете сохранять текущий документ, переключаться между таблицами, отправлять их в печать или использовать встроенные шаблоны, когда необходимо начать работу с заготовками.
Надеюсь, что эта статья помогла разобраться вам с тем, как работать в Excel хотя бы на начальном уровне. Не беспокойтесь, если что-то не получается с первого раза. Воспользуйтесь поисковиком, введя там запрос по теме, ведь теперь, когда имеются хотя бы общие представления об электронных таблицах, разобраться в более сложных вопросах будет куда проще.
Microsoft Excel – чрезвычайно полезная программка в разных областях. Готовая таблица с возможностью автозаполнения, быстрых расчетов и вычислений, построения графиков, диаграмм, создания отчетов или анализов и т.д.
Инструменты табличного процессора могут значительно облегчить труд специалистов из многих отраслей. Представленная ниже информация – азы работы в Эксель для чайников. Освоив данную статью, Вы приобретете базовые навыки, с которых начинается любая работа в Excel.
Инструкция по работе в Excel
Книга Excel состоит из листов. Лист – рабочая область в окне. Его элементы:
Чтобы добавить значение в ячейку, щелкаем по ней левой кнопкой мыши. Вводим с клавиатуры текст или цифры. Жмем Enter.
Значения могут быть числовыми, текстовыми, денежными, процентными и т.д. Чтобы установить/сменить формат, щелкаем по ячейке правой кнопкой мыши, выбираем «Формат ячеек». Или жмем комбинацию горячих клавиш CTRL+1.
Для числовых форматов можно назначить количество десятичных знаков.
Примечание. Чтобы быстро установить числовой формат для ячейки — нажмите комбинацию горячих клавиш CTRL+SHIFT+1.
Для форматов «Дата» и «Время» Excel предлагает несколько вариантов изображения значений.
Отредактируем значение ячеек:
- Щелкнем по ячейке со словом левой кнопкой мыши и введем число, например. Нажимаем ВВОД. Слово удаляется, а число остается.
- Чтобы прежнее значение осталось, просто изменилось, нужно щелкнуть по ячейке два раза. Замигает курсор. Меняем значение: удаляем часть текста, добавляем.
- Отредактировать значения можно и через строку формул. Выделяем ячейку, ставим курсор в строку формул, редактируем текст (число) – нажимаем Enter.
Для удаления значения ячейки используется кнопка Delete.
Чтобы переместить ячейку со значением, выделяем ее, нажимаем кнопку с ножницами («вырезать»). Или жмем комбинацию CTRL+X. Вокруг ячейки появляется пунктирная линия. Выделенный фрагмент остается в буфере обмена.
Ставим курсор в другом месте рабочего поля и нажимаем «Вставить» или комбинацию CTRL+V.
Таким же способом можно перемещать несколько ячеек сразу. На этот же лист, на другой лист, в другую книгу.
Чтобы переместить несколько ячеек, их нужно выделить:
- Ставим курсор в крайнюю верхнюю ячейку слева.
- Нажимаем Shift, удерживаем и с помощью стрелок на клавиатуре добиваемся выделения всего диапазона.
Чтобы выделить столбец, нажимаем на его имя (латинскую букву). Для выделения строки – на цифру.
Для изменения размеров строк или столбцов передвигаем границы (курсор в этом случае принимает вид крестика, поперечная перекладина которого имеет на концах стрелочки).
Чтобы значение поместилось в ячейке, столбец можно расширить автоматически: щелкнуть по правой границе 2 раза.
Чтобы сохранить ширину столбца, но увеличить высоту строки, нажимаем на ленте кнопок «Перенос текста».
Чтобы стало красивее, границу столбца Е немного подвинем, текст выровняем по центру относительно вертикали и горизонтали.
Объединим несколько ячеек: выделим их и нажмем кнопку «Объединить и поместить в центре».
В Excel доступна функция автозаполнения. Вводим в ячейку А2 слово «январь». Программа распознает формат даты – остальные месяцы заполнит автоматически.
Цепляем правый нижний угол ячейки со значением «январь» и тянем по строке.
Апробируем функцию автозаполнения на числовых значениях. Ставим в ячейку А3 «1», в А4 – «2». Выделяем две ячейки, «цепляем» мышью маркер автозаполнения и тянем вниз.
Если мы выделим только одну ячейку с числом и протянем ее вниз, то это число «размножиться».
Чтобы скопировать столбец на соседний, выделяем этот столбец, «цепляем» маркер автозаполнения и тянем в сторону.
Таким же способом можно копировать строки.
Удалим столбец: выделим его – правой кнопкой мыши – «Удалить». Или нажав комбинацию горячих клавиш: CTRL+»-«(минус).
Чтобы вставить столбец, выделяем соседний справа (столбец всегда вставляется слева), нажимаем правую кнопку мыши – «Вставить» — «Столбец». Комбинация: CTRL+SHIFT+»=»
Чтобы вставить строку, выделяем соседнюю снизу. Комбинация клавиш: SHIFT+ПРОБЕЛ чтобы выделить строку и нажимаем правую кнопку мыши – «Вставить» — «Строку» (CTRL+SHIFT+»=»)(строка всегда вставляется сверху).
Как работать в Excel: формулы и функции для чайников
Чтобы программа воспринимала вводимую в ячейку информацию как формулу, ставим знак «=». Например, = (2+3)*5. После нажатия «ВВОД» Excel считает результат.
Последовательность вычисления такая же, как в математике.
Формула может содержать не только числовые значения, но и ссылки на ячейки со значениями. К примеру, =(A1+B1)*5, где А1 и В1 – ссылки на ячейки.
Чтобы скопировать формулу на другие ячейки, необходимо «зацепить» маркер автозаполнения в ячейке с формулой и протянуть вниз (в сторону – если копируем в ячейки строки).
При копировании формулы с относительными ссылками на ячейки Excel меняет константы в зависимости от адреса текущей ячейки (столбца).
Чтобы сделать ссылку абсолютной (постоянной) и запретить изменения относительно нового адреса, ставится знак доллара ($).
В каждой ячейке столбца С второе слагаемое в скобках – 3 (ссылка на ячейку В1 постоянна, неизменна).
Значительно расширяют функционал программы встроенные функции. Чтобы вставить функцию, нужно нажать кнопку fx (или комбинацию клавиш SHIFT+F3). Откроется окно вида:
Чтобы не листать большой список функций, нужно сначала выбрать категорию.
Когда функция выбрана, нажимаем ОК. Откроется окно «Аргументы функции».
Функции распознают и числовые значения, и ссылки на ячейки. Чтобы поставить в поле аргумента ссылку, нужно щелкнуть по ячейке.
Excel распознает и другой способ введения функции. Ставим в ячейку знак «=» и начинаем вводить название функции. Уже после первых символов появится список возможных вариантов. Если навести курсор на какой-либо из них, раскроется подсказка.
Дважды щелкаем по нужной функции – становится доступным порядок заполнения аргументов. Чтобы завершить введение аргументов, нужно закрыть скобку и нажать Enter.
Аргумент функции КОРЕНЬ – ссылка на ячейку A1:
ВВОД – программа нашла квадратный корень из числа 40.
#статьи
- 2 ноя 2022
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Собрали в одном месте 15 статей и видео об инструментах Excel, которые ускорят и упростят работу с электронными таблицами.
Иллюстрация: Meery Mary для Skillbox Media
Рассказывает просто о сложных вещах из мира бизнеса и управления. До редактуры — пять лет в банке и три — в оценке имущества. Разбирается в Excel, финансах и корпоративной жизни.
Excel — универсальный софт для работы с электронными таблицами. Он одинаково хорош как для составления примитивных отчётов или графиков, так и для глубокого анализа больших объёмов информации.
Функции Excel позволяют делать всё, что может понадобиться в работе с таблицами: объединять ячейки, переносить данные с одного листа на другой, закреплять строки и столбцы, делать выпадающие списки и так далее. Они значительно упрощают работу с данными, поэтому применять их должны уметь все.
В Skillbox Media есть серия инструкций по работе с Excel. В этом материале — подборка главных возможностей программы и ссылки на подробные руководства с примерами и скриншотами.
- Как ввести и оформить данные
- Как работать с формулами и функциями
- Как объединить ячейки и данные в них
- Как округлить числа
- Как закрепить строки и столбцы
- Как создать и настроить диаграммы
- Как посчитать проценты
- Как установить обычный и расширенный фильтр
- Как сделать сортировку
- Как сделать выпадающий список
- Как пользоваться массивами
- Как использовать функцию ЕСЛИ
- Как использовать поисковые функции
- Как делать сводные таблицы
- Как делать макросы
- Как узнать больше о работе в Excel
С этого видеоурока стоит начать знакомство с Excel. В нём сертифицированный тренер по Microsoft Office Ренат Шагабутдинов показывает:
- какие есть способы и инструменты для ввода данных в Excel;
- как копировать, переносить и удалять данные;
- как настраивать форматы и стили таблиц;
- как создавать пользовательские форматы, чтобы таблицы становились нагляднее.
Формулы в Excel — выражения, с помощью которых проводят расчёты со значениями на листе. Пользователи вводят их в ячейки таблицы вручную. Чаще всего их используют для простых вычислений.
Функции в Excel — заранее созданные формулы, которые проводят вычисления по заданным значениям и в указанном порядке. Они позволяют выполнять как простые, так и сложные расчёты.
На тему работы с формулами и таблицами тоже есть видеоурок. В нём Ренат Шагабутдинов показывает:
- как проводить расчёты с помощью стандартных формул и функций;
- как создавать формулы с абсолютными и относительными ссылками;
- как находить ошибки в формулах.
Функция объединения позволяет из нескольких ячеек сделать одну. Она пригодится в двух случаях:
- когда нужно отформатировать таблицу — например, оформить шапку или убрать лишние пустые ячейки;
- когда нужно объединить данные таблицы — например, сделать одну ячейку из нескольких и при этом сохранить всю информацию в них.
В статье подробно рассказали о четырёх способах объединения ячеек в Excel:
- Кнопка «Объединить» — когда нужно сделать шапку в таблице.
- Функция СЦЕПИТЬ — когда нужно собрать данные из нескольких ячеек в одну.
- Функция СЦЕП — когда нужно собрать данные из большого диапазона.
- Функция ОБЪЕДИНИТЬ — когда нужно собрать данные из большого диапазона и автоматически разделить их пробелами.
Округление необходимо, когда точность чисел не важна, а в округлённом виде они воспринимаются проще.
В Excel округлить числа можно четырьмя способами:
- Округление через изменение формата ячейки — когда нужно округлить число только визуально.
- Функция ОКРУГЛ — когда нужно округлить число по правилам математики.
- Функции ОКРУГЛВВЕРХ и ОКРУГЛВНИЗ — когда нужно самостоятельно выбрать, в какую сторону округлить число.
- Функция ОКРУГЛТ — когда нужно округлить число с заданной точностью.
В статье показали, как применять эти способы округления.
Закрепление областей таблицы полезно, когда все данные не помещаются на экране, а при прокрутке теряются названия столбцов и строк. После закрепления необходимые области всегда остаются на виду.
Опция «замораживает» первую строку таблицы, первый столбец или несколько столбцов и строк одновременно. В этой статье Skillbox Media мы подробно разбирали, как это сделать.
Диаграммы используют для графического отображения данных таблиц. Также с помощью них показывают зависимости между этими данными. Сложная информация, представленная в виде диаграмм, воспринимается проще: можно расставлять нужные акценты и дополнительно детализировать данные.
В статье «Как создать и настроить диаграммы в Excel» рассказали:
- для чего подойдёт круговая диаграмма и как её построить;
- как показать данные круговой диаграммы в процентах;
- для чего подойдут линейчатая диаграмма и гистограмма, как их построить и как поменять в них акценты;
- как форматировать готовую диаграмму — добавить оси, название, дополнительные элементы;
- как изменить данные диаграммы.
В этой статье Skillbox Media подробно рассказывали о четырёх популярных способах расчёта процентов в Excel:
- как рассчитать процент от числа — когда нужно найти процент одного значения в общей сумме;
- как отнять процент от числа или прибавить процент к числу — когда нужно рассчитать, как изменятся числа после уменьшения или увеличения на заданный процент;
- как рассчитать разницу между числами в процентах — когда нужно понять, на сколько процентов увеличилось или уменьшилось число;
- как рассчитать число по проценту и значению — когда нужно определить, какое значение будет у процента от заданного числа.
Фильтры в таблицах используют, чтобы из большого количества строк отобразить только нужные. В отфильтрованной таблице показаны данные, которые соответствуют критериям, заданным пользователем. Ненужная информация скрыта.
В этой статье Skillbox Media на примерах показали:
- как установить фильтр по одному критерию;
- как установить несколько фильтров одновременно и отфильтровать таблицу по заданному условию;
- для чего нужен расширенный фильтр и как им пользоваться;
- как очистить фильтры таблицы.
Сортировку в Excel настраивают, когда информацию нужно отобразить в определённом порядке. Например, по возрастанию или убыванию чисел, по алфавиту или по любым пользовательским критериям.
В статье о сортировке в Excel разобрали:
- как сделать сортировку данных по одному критерию;
- как сделать сортировку по нескольким критериям;
- как настроить пользовательскую сортировку.
Выпадающий список в Excel позволяет выбирать значение ячейки таблицы из перечня, подготовленного заранее. Эта функция пригодится, когда нужно много раз вводить повторяющиеся параметры — например, фамилии сотрудников или наименования товаров.
В статье дали пошаговую инструкцию по созданию выпадающих списков — на примере каталога авто.
Массивы в Excel — данные из двух и более смежных ячеек таблицы, которые используют в расчётах как единую группу, одновременно. Это делает работу с большими диапазонами значений более удобной и быстрой.
С помощью массивов можно проводить расчёты не поочерёдно с каждой ячейкой диапазона, а со всем диапазоном одновременно. Или создать формулу, которая одним действием выполнит сразу несколько расчётов с любым количеством ячеек.
В статье показали, как выполнить базовые операции с помощью формул массивов и операторов Excel:
- построчно перемножить значения двух столбцов;
- умножить одно значение сразу на весь столбец;
- выполнить сразу два действия одной формулой;
- поменять местами столбцы и строки таблицы.
ЕСЛИ — логическая функция Excel. С помощью неё проверяют, выполняются ли заданные условия в выбранном диапазоне таблицы.
Это может быть удобно, например, при работе с каталогами. Пользователь указывает критерий, который нужно проверить, — функция сравнивает этот критерий с данными в ячейках таблицы и выдаёт результат.
В статье Skillbox Media подробнее рассказали о том, как работает и для чего нужна функция ЕСЛИ в Excel. На примерах показали, как запустить функцию ЕСЛИ с одним или несколькими условиями.
Поисковые функции в Excel нужны, чтобы ускорить работу с большими объёмами данных. С их помощью значения находят в одной таблице и переносят в другую. Не нужно, например, самостоятельно сопоставлять и переносить сотни наименований, функция делает это автоматически.
В этой статье Skillbox Media разобрали, для чего нужна функция ВПР и когда её используют. Также показали на примере, как её применять пошагово.
В видеоуроке ниже Ренат Шагабутдинов показывает, как работают другие поисковые функции Excel — ПОИСКПОЗ и ПРОСМОТРX. А также учит пользоваться функциями для расчётов с условиями — СЧЁТ, СУММ, СРЗНАЧ, ИНДЕКС.
Сводные таблицы — инструмент для анализа данных в Excel. Сводные таблицы собирают информацию из обычных таблиц, обрабатывают её, группируют в блоки, проводят необходимые вычисления и показывают итог в виде наглядного отчёта.
С помощью сводных таблиц можно систематизировать тысячи строк и преобразовать их в отчёт за несколько минут. Все параметры этого отчёта пользователь настраивает под себя и свои потребности.
В статье дали пошаговую инструкцию по созданию сводных таблиц с примером и скриншотами. Также на эту тему есть бесплатный видеоурок.
Макрос в Excel — алгоритм действий, записанный в одну команду. С помощью макросов можно выполнить несколько шагов в Excel, нажав на одну кнопку в меню или на сочетание клавиш.
Макросы используют для автоматизации рутинных задач. Вместо того чтобы совершать несколько повторяющихся действий, пользователь записывает ход их выполнения в одну команду — и запускает её, когда нужно выполнить все эти действия снова.
В статье дали инструкцию по работе с макросами для новичков. В ней подробно рассказали, для чего нужны макросы и как они работают. А также показали, как записать и запустить макрос.
- В Skillbox есть курс «Excel + Google Таблицы с нуля до PRO». Он подойдёт как новичкам, которые хотят научиться работать в Excel с нуля, так и уверенным пользователям, которые хотят улучшить свои навыки. На курсе учат быстро делать сложные расчёты, визуализировать данные, строить прогнозы, работать с внешними источниками данных, создавать макросы и скрипты.
- Кроме того, Skillbox даёт бесплатный доступ к записи онлайн-интенсива «Экспресс-курс по Excel: осваиваем таблицы с нуля за 3 дня». Он подходит для начинающих пользователей. На нём можно научиться создавать и оформлять листы, вводить данные, использовать формулы и функции для базовых вычислений, настраивать пользовательские форматы и создавать формулы с абсолютными и относительными ссылками.
- Здесь собраны все бесплатные видеоуроки по Excel и «Google Таблицам», о которых мы говорили выше.
Научитесь: Excel + Google Таблицы с нуля до PRO
Узнать больше
Если текстовым редактором Word с грехом пополам владеет большая часть пользователей компьютеров, то с не менее знаменитым табличным процессором дела обстоят не столь радужно. Многие просто не видят, каким образом можно использовать эту программу для повседневных нужд, пока не столкнутся с необходимостью выполнять расчёты на больших выборках данных.
Но и здесь имеются проблемы: не поняв без посторонней помощи принципы работы Excel, пользователи бросают это занятие и больше к нему не возвращаются.
Сегодняшняя статься предназначена для обеих категорий населения: простые пошаговые инструкции позволят начать практическое освоение программы. Ведь, на самом деле, Excel позволяет не только выполнять расчёты в табличном представлении – приложение можно использовать для составления диаграмм, многофакторных графиков, подробных отчётов.
Да, таблицы в Word и Excel – это совершенно разные вещи, но на самом деле работать с табличными данными вовсе не сложно. И для этого совсем не обязательно быть программистом.
Начало работы
Практика – лучший способ получить базовые навыки в любой профессии. Табличный процессор от Microsoft не является исключением. Это весьма полезное приложение, применимое в самых разных областях деятельности, позволяющее организовать быстрые вычисления вне зависимости от количества исходных данных.
Освоив Excel, вы вряд ли станете экспертом по реляционным базам данных, но полученных навыков окажется вполне достаточно для получения статуса «уверенный пользователь». А это не только моральное удовлетворение и способ похвастаться перед друзьями, но и небольшой плюсик к вашему резюме.
Итак, для начала давайте ознакомимся с основными терминами, касающимися Excel:
- таблица – это двумерное представление наборов чисел или иных значений, размещённых в строках и столбцах. Нумерация строк – числовая, от 1 и далее до бесконечности. Для столбцов принято использовать буквы латинского алфавита, причём, если нужно больше 26 столбцов, то после Z будут идти индексы АА, АВ и так далее;
- таким образом, каждая ячейка, расположенная на пересечении столбца и строки, будет иметь уникальный адрес типа А1 или С10. Когда мы будем работать с табличными данными, обращение к ячейкам будет производиться по их адресам, вернее – по диапазонам адресов (например, А1:А65, разделителем здесь является двоеточие). В Excel табличный курсор привязывается не к отдельным символам, а к ячейке в целом – это упрощает манипулирование данными. Это означает, что с помощью курсора вы можете перемещаться по таблице, но не внутри ячейки – для этого имеются другие инструменты;
- под рабочим листом в Excel понимают конкретную таблицу с набором данных и формулами для вычислений;
- рабочая книга – это файл с расширением xls, в котором может содержаться один или несколько рабочих листов, то есть это может быть набор связанных таблиц;
- работать можно не только с отдельными ячейками или диапазонами, но и с их совокупностью. Отдельные элементы списка разделяются точкой с запятой (В2;В5:В12);
- с помощью такой индексации можно выделять отдельные строки, столбцы или прямоугольные области;
- с объектами таблицы можно производить различные манипуляции (копирование, перемещение, форматирование, удаление).
Как работать в программе Excel: пособие для начинающих
Итак, мы получили некий минимум теоретических сведений, позволяющих приступить к практической части. А теперь рассмотрим, как работать в Excel. Разумеется, после запуска программы нам нужно создать таблицу. Сделать это можно разными способами, выбор которых осуществляется с учётом ваших предпочтений и стоящих перед вами задач.
Изначально мы имеем пустую таблицу, но уже разбитую на ячейки, с пронумерованными строками и столбцами. Если распечатать такую таблицу, получим чистый лист, без рамок и границ.
Давайте разберёмся, как работать с элементами таблицы – стройками, столбцами и отдельными ячейками.
Как выделить столбец/строку
Для выделения столбца необходимо щёлкнуть кнопкой мыши по его наименованию, представленному латинской буквой или комбинацией букв.
Соответственно, для выделения строки нужно щелкнуть мышкой по цифре, соотносящейся с нужной строкой.
Для выделения диапазона строк или столбцов действуем следующим образом:
- щёлкаем правой кнопкой по первому индексу (буква или цифра), при этом строка/столбец выделится;
- отпускаем кнопку и ставим курсор на второй индекс;
- при нажатой Shift щёлкаем ПКМ на второй цифре/букве – выделенной станет соответствующая прямоугольная область.
Выделение строк с помощью горячих клавиш производится комбинацией Shift+Пробел, для выделения столбца устанавливаем курсор в нужную ячейку и жмём Ctrl+Пробел.
Изменение границ ячеек
Пользователи, пробующие самостоятельно научиться пользоваться программой Excel, часто сталкиваются с ситуацией, когда в ячейку вносится содержимое, превышающее её размеры. Это особенно неудобно, если там содержится длинный текст. Расширить правую границу ячейки можно двумя способами:
- вручную, кликнув левой кнопкой мыши по правой границе на строке с индексами и, удерживая её нажатой, передвинуть границу на нужное расстояние;
- есть и более простой способ: дважды щёлкнуть мышью по границе, и программа самостоятельно расширит длину ячейки (опять же на строке с буквами-индексами).
Для увеличения высоты строки можно нажать на панели инструментов кнопку «Перенос текста», или потянуть мышкой за границу на панели цифр-индексов.
С помощью кнопки «Распределение по вертикали» можно отобразить не помещающийся в ячейку текст в несколько строк.
Отмена внесенных изменений производится стандартным способом, с помощью кнопки «Отмена» или комбинации CTRL+Z. Желательно такие откаты делать сразу – потом это может и не сработать.
Если требуется отметить форматирование строк, можно воспользоваться вкладкой «Формат», в которой выбрать пункт «Автоподбор высоты строки».
Для отмены изменений размеров столбцов в той же вкладке «Формат» следует выбрать пункт «Ширина по умолчанию» — запоминаем стоящую здесь цифру, затем выделяем ту ячейку, границы которой были изменены и их нужно «вернуть». Теперь заходим в пункт «Ширина столбца» и вводим записанный на предыдущем шаге показатель по умолчанию.
Как вставить столбец/строку
Как обычно, вставку строки или столбца можно производить двумя способами, через вызов контекстного меню мышкой или с помощью горячих клавиш. В первом случае кликаем ПКМ на ячейке, которую необходимо сдвинуть, и в появившемся меню выбираем пункт «Добавить ячейки». Откроется стандартное окно, в котором можно задать, что именно вы хотите добавить, и будет указано, где произойдёт расширение (столбцы добавляются слева от текущей ячейки, строки – сверху).
Это же окно можно вызвать комбинацией CTRL+SHIFT+«=».
Столь подробное описание, как пользоваться программой Excel, несомненно, пригодится чайникам, то есть новичкам, ведь все эти манипуляции востребованы очень часто.
Пошаговое создание таблицы, вставка формул
Обычно в первой верхней строке с индексом 1 присутствуют наименования полей, или столбцов, а в строках вносятся отдельные записи. Поэтому первый шаг создания таблицы заключается в проставлении наименований столбцов (например, «Наименование товара», «Номер накладной», «Покупатель», «Количество», «Цена», «Сумма»).
После этого тоже вручную вносим данные по таблице. Возможно, в первом или третьем столбце нам придётся раздвигать границы – как это сделать/, мы уже знаем.
Теперь поговорим о вычисляемых значениях. В нашем случае это столбец «Сумма», который равен умножению количества на цену. В нашем случае столбец «Сумма» имеет букву F, столбцы «Количество» и «Цена» – D и E соответственно.
Итак, ставим курсор в ячейку F2 и набираем символ «=». Это означает, что в отношении всех ячеек в столбце F будут произведены вычисления согласно некоей формуле.
Чтобы ввести саму формулу, выделяем ячейку D2, жмём символ умножения, выделяем ячейку E2, жмём Enter. В результате в ячейке D2 появится число, равное произведению цены на количество. Чтобы формула работала для всех строк таблицы, цепляем мышкой в ячейке D2 левый нижний угол (при наведении на него появится маленький крестик) и тащим его вниз до конца. В итоге формула будет работать для всех ячеек, но со своим набором данных, взятым в той же строке.
Если нам нужно распечатать таблицу, то для придания читабельного вида строки и столбцы нужно ограничить сеткой. Для этого выделяем участок таблицы с данными, включая строку с наименованиями столбцов, выбираем вкладку «Границы» (она расположена в меню «Шрифт») и жмём на символе окошка с надписью «Все границы».
Вкладка «Шрифт» позволяет форматировать шрифты по тому же принципу, ВТО и в Word. Так, шапку лучше оформить жирным начертанием, текстовые столбцы лучше выравнивать по левому краю, а числа – центрировать. Итак, вы получили первые навыки, как работать в Excel. Перейдём теперь к рассмотрению других возможностей табличного процессора.
Как работать с таблицей Excel – руководство для чайников
Мы рассмотрели простейший пример табличных вычислений, в котором функция умножения вводилась вручную не совсем удобным способом.
Создание таблиц можно упростить, если воспользоваться инструментом под названием «Конструктор».
Он позволяет присвоить таблице имя, задать её размер, можно использовать готовые шаблоны, менять стили, есть возможность создания достаточно сложных отчётов.
Многие новички не могут понять, как скорректировать введённое в ячейку значение. При клике на ячейку, подлежащую изменению, и попытке ввода символов старое значение пропадает, и приходится всё вводить сначала. На самом деле значение ячейки при клике по ней появляется в статусной строке, расположенной под меню, и именно там и нужно редактировать её содержимое.
При вводе в ячейки одинаковых значений Excel проявляет интеллект, как поисковые системы – достаточно набрать несколько символов из предыдущей строки, чтобы её содержимое появилось в текущей – останется только нажать Enter или опуститься на строку ниже.
Синтаксис функций в Excel
Чтобы подсчитать итоги по столбцу (в нашем случае – общую сумму проданных товаров), необходимо поставить курсор в ячейку, в которой доложен находиться итог, и нажать кнопку «Автосумма» – как видим, ничего сложного, быстро и эффективно. Того же результата можно добиться, нажав комбинацию ALT+»=».
Ввод формул легче производить в статусной строке. Как только мы нажимаем в ячейке знак «=», он появляется и в ней, а слева от него имеется стрелка. Нажав на неё, мы получим список доступных функций, которые разбиты по категориям (математические, логические, финансовые, работа с текстом и т.д.). Каждая из функций имеет свой набор аргументов, которые нужно будет ввести. Функции могут быть вложенными, при выборе любой функции появится окошко с её кратким описанием, а после нажатия Ок – окно с необходимыми аргументами.
После завершения работы при выходе из программы она спросит, нужно ли сохранять внесённые вами изменения и предложит ввести имя файла.
Надеемся, приведённых здесь сведений достаточно для составления несложных таблиц. По мере освоения пакета Microsoft Excel вы будете узнавать новые его возможности, но мы утверждаем, что профессиональное изучение табличного процессора вам вряд ли потребуется. В сети и на книжных полках можно встретить книги и руководства из серии «Для чайников» по Excel на тысячи страниц. Сможете ли вы их осилить в полном объёме? Сомнительно. Тем более, что большинство возможностей пакета вам не потребуется. В любом случае мы будем рады ответить на ваши вопросы, касающиеся освоения самого известного табличного редактора.
Lesson 1: Getting Started with Excel
Introduction
Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows you to store, organize, and analyze information. While you may think Excel is only used by certain people to process complicated data, anyone can learn how to take advantage of the program’s powerful features. Whether you’re keeping a budget, organizing a training log, or creating an invoice, Excel makes it easy to work with different types of data.
Watch the video below to learn more about Excel.
About this tutorial
The procedures in this tutorial will work for all recent versions of Microsoft Excel, including Excel 2019, Excel 2016, and Office 365. There may be some slight differences, but for the most part these versions are similar. However, if you’re using an earlier version, you may want to refer to one of our other Excel tutorials instead.
The Excel Start Screen
When you open Excel for the first time, the Excel Start Screen will appear. From here, you’ll be able to create a new workbook, choose a template, and access your recently edited workbooks.
- From the Excel Start Screen, locate and select Blank workbook to access the Excel interface.
The parts of the Excel window
Some parts of the Excel window (like the Ribbon and scroll bars) are standard in most other Microsoft programs. However, there are other features that are more specific to spreadsheets, such as the formula bar, name box, and worksheet tabs.
Click the buttons in the interactive below to become familiar with the parts of the Excel interface.
Working with the Excel environment
The Ribbon and Quick Access Toolbar are where you will find the commands to perform common tasks in Excel. The Backstage view gives you various options for saving, opening a file, printing, and sharing your document.
The Ribbon
Excel uses a tabbed Ribbon system instead of traditional menus. The Ribbon contains multiple tabs, each with several groups of commands. You will use these tabs to perform the most common tasks in Excel.
- Each tab will have one or more groups.
- Some groups will have an arrow you can click for more options.
- Click a tab to see more commands.
- You can adjust how the Ribbon is displayed with the Ribbon Display Options.
Certain programs, such as Adobe Acrobat Reader, may install additional tabs to the Ribbon. These tabs are called add-ins.
To change the Ribbon Display Options:
The Ribbon is designed to respond to your current task, but you can choose to minimize it if you find that it takes up too much screen space. Click the Ribbon Display Options arrow in the upper-right corner of the Ribbon to display the drop-down menu.
There are three modes in the Ribbon Display Options menu:
- Auto-hide Ribbon: Auto-hide displays your workbook in full-screen mode and completely hides the Ribbon. To show the Ribbon, click the Expand Ribbon command at the top of screen.
- Show Tabs: This option hides all command groups when they’re not in use, but tabs will remain visible. To show the Ribbon, simply click a tab.
- Show Tabs and Commands: This option maximizes the Ribbon. All of the tabs and commands will be visible. This option is selected by default when you open Excel for the first time.
The Quick Access Toolbar
Located just above the Ribbon, the Quick Access Toolbar lets you access common commands no matter which tab is selected. By default, it includes the Save, Undo, and Repeat commands. You can add other commands depending on your preference.
To add commands to the Quick Access Toolbar:
- Click the drop-down arrow to the right of the Quick Access Toolbar.
- Select the command you want to add from the drop-down menu. To choose from additional commands, select More Commands.
- The command will be added to the Quick Access Toolbar.
How to use Tell me:
The Tell me box works like a search bar to help you quickly find tools or commands you want to use.
- Type in your own words what you want to do.
- The results will give you a few relevant options. To use one, click it like you would a command on the Ribbon.
Worksheet views
Excel has a variety of viewing options that change how your workbook is displayed. These views can be useful for various tasks, especially if you’re planning to print the spreadsheet. To change worksheet views, locate the commands in the bottom-right corner of the Excel window and select Normal view, Page Layout view, or Page Break view.
- Normal view is the default view for all worksheets in Excel.
- Page Layout view displays how your worksheets will appear when printed. You can also add headers and footers in this view.
- Page Break view allows you to change the location of page breaks, which is especially helpful when printing a lot of data from Excel.
Backstage view
Backstage view gives you various options for saving, opening a file, printing, and sharing your workbooks.
To access Backstage view:
- Click the File tab on the Ribbon. Backstage view will appear.
Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn more about using Backstage view.
Challenge!
- Open Excel.
- Click Blank Workbook to open a new spreadsheet.
- Change the Ribbon Display Options to Show Tabs.
- Using the Customize Quick Access Toolbar, click to add New, Quick Print, and Spelling.
- In the Tell me bar, type the word Color. Hover over Fill Color and choose yellow. This will fill a cell with the color yellow.
- Change the worksheet view to the Page Layout option.
- When you’re finished, your screen should look like this:
- Change the Ribbon Display Options back to Show Tabs and Commands.
- Close Excel and Don’t Save changes.
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