What words contain the root word man?
I hope that you will now be able to automatically instead of manually know the “handy” root word man!
- manipulate: operate by ‘hand’
- manual: of being done by ‘hand’
- manufacture: make by ‘hand’
- manage: lead by ‘hand’
- maneuver: a working by ‘hand’
- manners: social ‘handiness’
What is the prefix of man?
Use of man- as a prefix and in composition usually denotes the generic meaning of “human”, as in mankind, man-eating, man-made, etc. In some instances, when modifying gender-neutral nouns, the prefix may also denote masculine gender, as in manservant (17th century).
What is root words and examples?
A root word is a word or word part that can form the basis of new words through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. For example, “egotist” has a root word of “ego” plus the suffix “-ist.” “Acting” has the root word “act”; “-ing” is merely the suffix.
What words have the root?
11 letter words containing root
- scrootching.
- rootinesses.
- gingerroots.
- bitterroots.
- crinkleroot.
- papooseroot.
- multirooted.
- grootebroek.
What is the main difference between a root word and a root?
Answer Expert Verified. A root word is a word that serves as the base of a new word, such as “love” in “lovely”. The main consideration is that a root word can stand alone as its own word. A root also generally is associated with a meaning, such as “ambi” in ambidextrous.
What is the root word of impossible?
The prefix in the word “impossible” is “im”. Prefixes are placed in front of the root of the word and change the meaning of the word. In this case, the root of the word “impossible” is “possible”—meaning that something is able to happen or occur. A prefix is a word part in front of a base or root word.
Can a root word stand alone?
Root words come from Latin or Greek. They aren’t actually words that can stand alone in English. They are also referred to as a “word root” or just a “root.” For example, aud is a Latin word root that means to hear or to listen.
What is root word of illegal?
Illegality is the state of being against the rules or the law. Sometimes you have to break the law to effect change. The root word of illegality is legal, which is from the Latin word legalis, which means related to or pertaining to the law.
What is the root word for Impress?
Impress is derived from the Latin verb premere, meaning “press” and the source of press in all its senses. It usually is a verb and can mean “imprint by applying pressure” or “affect significantly.” (It is also a synonym for transfer and transmit.)
What does unlawful mean?
1 : not lawful : illegal. 2 : not morally right or conventional. Other Words from unlawful Synonyms & Antonyms Example Sentences Learn More about unlawful.
What is another word for unlawful?
Unlawful Synonyms – WordHippo Thesaurus….What is another word for unlawful?
| illegal | criminal |
|---|---|
| illicit | illegitimate |
| actionable | banned |
| felonious | forbidden |
| outlawed | prohibited |
What means coerce?
transitive verb. 1 : to compel to an act or choice was coerced into agreeing abusers who coerce their victims into silence. 2 : to achieve by force or threat coerce compliance coerce obedience.
What do you mean by unlawful assembly?
Unlawful assembly is a legal term to describe a group of people with the mutual intent of deliberate disturbance of the peace. If the group is about to start an act of disturbance, it is termed a rout; if the disturbance is commenced, it is then termed a riot.
What does section 144 say?
Section 144 is a ruling that prohibits public gatherings in a given jurisdiction. This constitutional provision empowers the district or any executive magistrate in a state or union territory to impose the said law during anticipated emergencies.
What are the ingredients of unlawful assembly?
Ingredients of Unlawful Assembly in India – Section 141 of I.P.C.
- Ingredients:
- (i) Overawe by criminal force:
- (ii) Resist legal process:
- (iii) Commit “Mischief” and “Criminal Trespass”:
- (iv) Take or obtain possession of any property by criminal force:
- Incorporeal rights:
- Enforcement of right or supposed right:
- Unlawful assembly when right of private defence exceeded:
Who is a member of unlawful assembly?
Whoever, being aware of facts which render any assembly an unlawful assembly, intentionally joins that assembly, or continues in it, is said to be a member of an unlawful assembly.
What is the minimum number of persons required for an unlawful assembly?
five persons
What is the punishment for member of unlawful assembly?
Whoever is a member of an unlawful assembly, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both. Punishment: Imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.
Is unlawful assembly constitutional?
n. although freedom of assembly is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution, it is unlawful to assemble for the purpose of starting a riot or breaching the peace, or when such an assembly reasonably could be expected to cause a riot or endanger the public.
What is a unlawful protest?
Demonstrators who engage in civil disobedience – defined as non-violent unlawful action as a form of protest – are not protected under the First Amendment. If you endanger others while protesting, you can be arrested. A protest that blocks vehicular or pedestrian traffic is illegal without a permit.
What is the difference between an unlawful assembly and a riot?
Riot, in criminal law, a violent offense against public order involving three or more people. Like an unlawful assembly, a riot involves a gathering of persons for an illegal purpose. In contrast to an unlawful assembly, however, a riot involves violence.
Is it legal to riot?
Riots are destructive events that can cause significant harm to life and property. Under California Penal Code Section 404.6 PC, it is unlawful to incite a riot, even if the defendant does not participate in the riot or actually commit a violent act as part of the resulting riot.
Can you go to jail for rioting?
Consequences for Rioters Can Include Jail Time Those convicted of a riot-related offense could face up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000. Riot charges can also be upgraded depending on the facts of your case. If convicted, however, jail time and fines won’t be your only concerns.
What qualifies as a riot?
Under United States federal law, a riot is defined as: Penal Law, “A person is guilty of inciting to riot when one urges ten or more persons to engage in tumultuous and violent conduct of a kind likely to create public alarm.”
What’s the difference between riot and protest?
Generally speaking, a protest in the sense relevant here is “a usually organized public demonstration of disapproval” (of some law, policy, idea, or state of affairs), while a riot is “a disturbance of the peace created by an assemblage of usually three or more people acting with a common purpose and in a violent and …
What is the definition of inciting violence?
“Incitement to violence” is a term that refers to speech that creates an immediate risk of harm to another person. It’s kind of like a threat, except it’s done through another person.
Is provoking someone illegal?
In law, provocation is when a person is considered to have committed a criminal act partly because of a preceding set of events that might cause a reasonable person to lose self control.
Is inciting violence illegal?
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees free speech, and the degree to which incitement is protected speech is determined by the imminent lawless action test introduced by the 1969 Supreme Court decision in the case Brandenburg v. Incitement to riot is illegal under U.S. federal law.
What words contain the root word man?
by
Alex Heath
·
2019-12-18
What words contain the root word man?
-man- , root. -man- comes from Latin, where it has the meaning “hand. ” This meaning is found in such words as: amanuensis, legerdemain, maintain, manacle, manage, maneuver, manual, manufacture, manure, manuscript.
How many words have the word man in them?
1582 results for words containing man.
What does skirmish mean?
1 : a minor fight in war usually incidental to larger movements. 2a : a brisk preliminary verbal conflict. b : a minor dispute or contest between opposing parties the debate touched off a skirmish.
What means man?
The term man (from Proto-Germanic *mann- “person”) and words derived from it can designate any or even all of the human race regardless of their sex or age. In traditional usage, man (without an article) itself refers to the species or to humanity (mankind) as a whole. The Germanic word developed into Old English mann.
What qualities make a man?
- He’s smart.
- He makes you laugh.
- He actively supports your career.
- He makes as much effort with your friends and family as you do with his.
- He’s emotionally intelligent.
- He respects your opinions and listens to what you have to say.
- He’s willing to put the work in.
- He celebrates your achievements.
What is the definition of man made?
: manufactured, created, or constructed by human beings specifically : synthetic man-made fibers.
What do we call man in English?
/mana/ mind countable noun. Your mind is your ability to think and reason.
Why is it called man made?
The definition of man made refers to something that was created by humans, as opposed to by God or nature. An example of man made is a lake that was dug by a company using machines. An example of man made is an artificial fiber used to make a piece of fabric. Created by a human.
What is the suffix of man?
AS A SUFFIX, “-man” almost always is derived from mann meaning a person. It is “technically” a gender neutral term. Examples are policeman, fireman, salesman. AS A PREFIX, or as a part of a word root, “man-” is more often derived from manus meaning hand or force.
What does the root word tele mean?
Tell students that the Greek root tele means “distant or far away.” Then print the following mathematical sentence on the board and read it aloud: tele + phone = telephone. Say:The other Greek root in telephone is phone; it means “sound.”
Is Manu Latin or Greek?
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language |
|---|---|---|
| man-, manu- | hand | Latin |
| mand-, -mend- | order, commit | Latin |
| mar- | sea | Latin |
| mas- | male, man | Latin |
Is ped a Latin or Greek root?
Ped- conveys multiple meanings, from different Latin and Ancient Greek root words: ‘Relating to feet’, in words (e.g. pedestrian, pedicure) derived from Latin pes, genitive pedis, ‘foot’, from the Proto-Indo-European stem *ped- with the same meaning.
What is the root word of centipede?
Centipedes (from the New Latin prefix centi-, “hundred”, and the Latin word pes, pedis, “foot”) are predatory arthropods belonging to the class Chilopoda (Ancient Greek χεῖλος, kheilos, lip, and New Latin suffix -poda, “foot”, describing the forcipules) of the subphylum Myriapoda, an arthropod group which also includes …
What does podiatrist mean?
Podiatrists are medical specialists who help with problems that affect your feet or lower legs. They can treat injuries as well as complications from ongoing health issues like diabetes. You might hear them called a podiatric physician or doctor of podiatric medicine.
What does meter mean?
meter. The basic unit of length in the metric system; it was originally planned so that the circumference of the Earth would be measured at about forty million meters. A meter is 39.37 inches. Today, the meter is defined to be the distance light travels in 1 / 299,792,458 seconds.
What does the Greek word meter mean?
measure
What is the meaning of logy?
-logy is a suffix in the English language, used with words originally adapted from Ancient Greek ending in -λογία (-logia). The suffix has the sense of “the character or deportment of one who speaks or treats of [a certain subject]”, or more succinctly, “the study of [a certain subject]”.
What does Meter mean in literature?
Meter is the basic rhythmic structure of a line within a work of poetry. Meter consists of two components: The number of syllables. A pattern of emphasis on those syllables.
What is verse in English literature?
In the countable sense, a verse is formally a single metrical line in a poetic composition. However, verse has come to represent any division or grouping of words in a poetic composition, with groupings traditionally having been referred to as stanzas.
What is the diction of a story?
Diction refers to the linguistic choices a writer makes to effectively convey an idea, a point of view, or tell a story. In literature, the words used by an author can help establish a distinct voice and style.
What is blank verse in literature?
Blank Verse is any verse comprised of unrhymed lines all in the same meter, usually iambic pentameter. It was developed in Italy and became widely used during the Renaissance because it resembled classical, unrhymed poetry. Iamb- two syllables, unstressed-stressed, as in “today”.
Who first introduced the blank verse in English?
the Earl of Surrey
What is a blank verse example?
Blank verse is poetry written with regular metrical but unrhymed lines, almost always in iambic pentameter. The play Arden of Faversham (around 1590 by an unknown author) is a notable example of end-stopped blank verse.
What type of poetry is blank verse?
What Is a Blank Verse Poem? Blank verse is poetry written with a precise meter—almost always iambic pentameter—but that does not rhyme. When a poem is written in iambic pentameter, it means each line contains five iambs—two syllable pairs in which the second syllable is emphasized.
What is a rhymed verse?
What Is a Rhymed Poem? A rhymed poem is a work of poetry that contains rhyming vowel sounds at particular moments. (Common vowel sounds are also known as “assonance”—not to be confused with “consonance” which refers to common consonant sounds.) Free verse makes no requirements for meter or rhyme.
What is a Cinquain poem?
A Cinquain is a five-lined poem (hence the name!) and is a favorite poetic form for many kids because, as one of our Brave Writer students pointed out: “They are easy and fun to write and they don’t require a whole lot of words!” They also reinforce some basic grammatical parts of speech.
What is a free verse in poetry?
Free verse is verse in lines of irregular length, rhyming (if at all) very irregularly. Note: nowadays some poets and critics reject the term ‘free verse’ and prefer to speak of ‘open form’ poetry or ‘mixed form’ poetry.
Table of Contents
- What words contain the root word man?
- What is the prefix of man?
- What is root words and examples?
- What words have the root?
- What is the main difference between a root word and a root?
- What is the root word of impossible?
- Can a root word stand alone?
- What is root word of illegal?
- What is the root word for Impress?
- What does unlawful mean?
- What is another word for unlawful?
- What means coerce?
- What do you mean by unlawful assembly?
- What does section 144 say?
- What are the ingredients of unlawful assembly?
- Who is a member of unlawful assembly?
- What is the minimum number of persons required for an unlawful assembly?
- What is the punishment for member of unlawful assembly?
- Is unlawful assembly constitutional?
- What is a unlawful protest?
- What is the difference between an unlawful assembly and a riot?
- Is it legal to riot?
- Can you go to jail for rioting?
- What qualifies as a riot?
- What’s the difference between riot and protest?
- What is the definition of inciting violence?
- Is provoking someone illegal?
- Is inciting violence illegal?
I hope that you will now be able to automatically instead of manually know the “handy” root word man!
- manipulate: operate by ‘hand’
- manual: of being done by ‘hand’
- manufacture: make by ‘hand’
- manage: lead by ‘hand’
- maneuver: a working by ‘hand’
- manners: social ‘handiness’
What is the prefix of man?
Use of man- as a prefix and in composition usually denotes the generic meaning of “human”, as in mankind, man-eating, man-made, etc. In some instances, when modifying gender-neutral nouns, the prefix may also denote masculine gender, as in manservant (17th century).
What is root words and examples?
A root word is a word or word part that can form the basis of new words through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. For example, “egotist” has a root word of “ego” plus the suffix “-ist.” “Acting” has the root word “act”; “-ing” is merely the suffix.
What words have the root?
11 letter words containing root
- scrootching.
- rootinesses.
- gingerroots.
- bitterroots.
- crinkleroot.
- papooseroot.
- multirooted.
- grootebroek.
What is the main difference between a root word and a root?
Answer Expert Verified. A root word is a word that serves as the base of a new word, such as “love” in “lovely”. The main consideration is that a root word can stand alone as its own word. A root also generally is associated with a meaning, such as “ambi” in ambidextrous.
What is the root word of impossible?
The prefix in the word “impossible” is “im”. Prefixes are placed in front of the root of the word and change the meaning of the word. In this case, the root of the word “impossible” is “possible”—meaning that something is able to happen or occur. A prefix is a word part in front of a base or root word.
Can a root word stand alone?
Root words come from Latin or Greek. They aren’t actually words that can stand alone in English. They are also referred to as a “word root” or just a “root.” For example, aud is a Latin word root that means to hear or to listen.
What is root word of illegal?
Illegality is the state of being against the rules or the law. Sometimes you have to break the law to effect change. The root word of illegality is legal, which is from the Latin word legalis, which means related to or pertaining to the law.
What is the root word for Impress?
Impress is derived from the Latin verb premere, meaning “press” and the source of press in all its senses. It usually is a verb and can mean “imprint by applying pressure” or “affect significantly.” (It is also a synonym for transfer and transmit.)
What does unlawful mean?
1 : not lawful : illegal. 2 : not morally right or conventional. Other Words from unlawful Synonyms & Antonyms Example Sentences Learn More about unlawful.
What is another word for unlawful?
Unlawful Synonyms – WordHippo Thesaurus….What is another word for unlawful?
| illegal | criminal |
|---|---|
| illicit | illegitimate |
| actionable | banned |
| felonious | forbidden |
| outlawed | prohibited |
What means coerce?
transitive verb. 1 : to compel to an act or choice was coerced into agreeing abusers who coerce their victims into silence. 2 : to achieve by force or threat coerce compliance coerce obedience.
What do you mean by unlawful assembly?
Unlawful assembly is a legal term to describe a group of people with the mutual intent of deliberate disturbance of the peace. If the group is about to start an act of disturbance, it is termed a rout; if the disturbance is commenced, it is then termed a riot.
What does section 144 say?
Section 144 is a ruling that prohibits public gatherings in a given jurisdiction. This constitutional provision empowers the district or any executive magistrate in a state or union territory to impose the said law during anticipated emergencies.
What are the ingredients of unlawful assembly?
Ingredients of Unlawful Assembly in India – Section 141 of I.P.C.
- Ingredients:
- (i) Overawe by criminal force:
- (ii) Resist legal process:
- (iii) Commit “Mischief” and “Criminal Trespass”:
- (iv) Take or obtain possession of any property by criminal force:
- Incorporeal rights:
- Enforcement of right or supposed right:
- Unlawful assembly when right of private defence exceeded:
Who is a member of unlawful assembly?
Whoever, being aware of facts which render any assembly an unlawful assembly, intentionally joins that assembly, or continues in it, is said to be a member of an unlawful assembly.
What is the minimum number of persons required for an unlawful assembly?
five persons
What is the punishment for member of unlawful assembly?
Whoever is a member of an unlawful assembly, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both. Punishment: Imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.
Is unlawful assembly constitutional?
n. although freedom of assembly is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution, it is unlawful to assemble for the purpose of starting a riot or breaching the peace, or when such an assembly reasonably could be expected to cause a riot or endanger the public.
What is a unlawful protest?
Demonstrators who engage in civil disobedience – defined as non-violent unlawful action as a form of protest – are not protected under the First Amendment. If you endanger others while protesting, you can be arrested. A protest that blocks vehicular or pedestrian traffic is illegal without a permit.
What is the difference between an unlawful assembly and a riot?
Riot, in criminal law, a violent offense against public order involving three or more people. Like an unlawful assembly, a riot involves a gathering of persons for an illegal purpose. In contrast to an unlawful assembly, however, a riot involves violence.
Is it legal to riot?
Riots are destructive events that can cause significant harm to life and property. Under California Penal Code Section 404.6 PC, it is unlawful to incite a riot, even if the defendant does not participate in the riot or actually commit a violent act as part of the resulting riot.
Can you go to jail for rioting?
Consequences for Rioters Can Include Jail Time Those convicted of a riot-related offense could face up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000. Riot charges can also be upgraded depending on the facts of your case. If convicted, however, jail time and fines won’t be your only concerns.
What qualifies as a riot?
Under United States federal law, a riot is defined as: Penal Law, “A person is guilty of inciting to riot when one urges ten or more persons to engage in tumultuous and violent conduct of a kind likely to create public alarm.”
What’s the difference between riot and protest?
Generally speaking, a protest in the sense relevant here is “a usually organized public demonstration of disapproval” (of some law, policy, idea, or state of affairs), while a riot is “a disturbance of the peace created by an assemblage of usually three or more people acting with a common purpose and in a violent and …
What is the definition of inciting violence?
“Incitement to violence” is a term that refers to speech that creates an immediate risk of harm to another person. It’s kind of like a threat, except it’s done through another person.
Is provoking someone illegal?
In law, provocation is when a person is considered to have committed a criminal act partly because of a preceding set of events that might cause a reasonable person to lose self control.
Is inciting violence illegal?
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees free speech, and the degree to which incitement is protected speech is determined by the imminent lawless action test introduced by the 1969 Supreme Court decision in the case Brandenburg v. Incitement to riot is illegal under U.S. federal law.
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These ROOT-WORDS are MAN & MANU which mean BY HAND. The words Nos. 6, 7 and 8 are really misnomers. MANUfactured goods are no longer made by hand in a MANUfactory by a MANUfacturer with his own hands. In the march of automation we shall soon be obliged to find another name for machine-made goods. Someday, a person who knows the ROOT-WORD well will invent a new word to take the place of the old. 1. Manual : MANU al (man’ yu al) adj. Relating to the hand; as, manual labor 2. Manucaption : MANU caption (man yu kap’ shun) n. A document that was once used to obtain the presence in court of 3. Manuduction : MANU duction (man yu duk’ shun) n. Leading by the hand; guidance 4. Manacles : MAN acles (man’ a k’ls) n. Handcuffs; chains 5. Manicure : MAN icure (man’ i kyur) n. The care of the hands and nails 6. Manufacture : MANU facture (man yu fak’ chur) n. The act of making by machinery or hand 7. Manufacturer : MANU facturer (man yu fak’ chur er). One who hires others to make things in quantity by hand or by machine 8. Manufactory : MANU factory (man yu fak; to ree) n. A place where merchandise is made 9. Manifest : MAN ifest (man’ i fest) adj. Seen at hand; obvious; apparent 10. Manumit : MANU mit (man yu mit’) v. To release from contract; set free; as, manumit a slave
11. Manumission : MANU mission (man yu mish’ un) n. The act of liberating a slave 12. Manumotive : MANU motive (man yu mo’ tiv) adj. Moved by hand 13. Maneuver : MAN euver (ma nu’ ver) v. To bring about by skill; to guide; manipulate 14. Manuscript : MANU script (man’ yu skript) A document of literary work written in hand 15. Manipulate : MAN ipulate (ma nip’ yu late) v. To work out by hand; to manage 16. Manipulation : MAN ipulation (ma nip yu lay’ shun) n. Skillful handling; as, the manipulation of puppets 17. Emancipate : e MAN cipate (e man’ si pate) v. Release; set free 18. Emancipation : e MAN cipation (e man si pay’ shun) n. The act of liberation; as, the Emancipation Proclamation 19. Legerdemain : legerde MAIN (lej erd e mane’) n. Light-handed magic tricks; sleight of hand Etymologymanu HOME PAGE |
This article is about the word «man». For adult males, see Man. For other uses, see Man (disambiguation).
The term man (from Proto-Germanic *mann- «person») and words derived from it can designate any or even all of the human race regardless of their sex or age. In traditional usage, man (without an article) itself refers to the species or to humanity (mankind) as a whole.
The Germanic word developed into Old English mann. In Old English, the word still primarily meant «person» or «human,» and was used for men, women, and children alike.[1][2] The sense «adult male» was very rare, at least in the written language. That meaning is not recorded at all until about the year 1000, over a hundred years after the writings of Alfred the Great and perhaps nearly three centuries after Beowulf.[3] Male and female gender qualifiers were used with mann in compound words.
Adopting the term for humans in general to refer to men is a common development of Romance and Germanic languages, but is not found in most other European languages (Slavic čelověkъ vs. mǫžь, Greek ἄνθρωπος vs. άνδρας, Finnish ihminen vs. mies etc.).
EtymologyEdit
According to one etymology, Proto-Germanic *man-n- is derived from a Proto-Indo-European root *man-, *mon- or *men- (see Sanskrit/Avestan manu-, Slavic mǫž «man, male»).[4] The Slavic forms (Russian muzh «man, male» etc.) are derived from a suffixed stem *man-gyo-.[citation needed]
In Hindu mythology, Manu is the name of the traditional progenitor of humankind who survives a deluge and gives mankind laws. The hypothetically reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form *Manus may also have played a role in Proto-Indo-European religion based on this, if there is any connection with the figure of Mannus — reported by the Roman historian Tacitus in ca. AD 70 to be the name of a traditional ancestor of the Germanic peoples and son of Tuisto; modern sources other than Tacitus have reinterpreted this as «first man».[5]
In Old English the words wer and wīf were used to refer to «a male» and «a female» respectively, while mann had the primary meaning of «person» or «human» regardless of gender. Both wer and wyf may be used to qualify «man»; for example:
God gesceop ða æt fruman twegen men, wer and wif
(then at the beginning, God created two human beings, man and woman)[6]
These terms are also used to qualify compounds; wifmann (variant wimman) developed into the modern word «woman». Wæpned also meant «male», and was used to qualify «man»: wæpnedmann (variant wepman, «male person»). There was also the term wæpenwifestre, meaning either an armed woman, or a woman with a penis.[7] These terms were not restricted to adults; Old English also used wæpnedcild and wifcild, literally «male-child» and «female-child».[8][9] The Old English wer may survive today in the compound «werewolf» (from Old English werwulf, literally «man-wolf»).[10] See wer.
Some etymologies treat the root as an independent one, as does the American Heritage Dictionary. Of the etymologies that do make connections with other Indo-European roots, man «the thinker» is the most traditional — that is, the word is connected with the root *men- «to think» (cognate to mind). This etymology relies on humans describing themselves as «those who think» (see Human self-reflection). This etymology, however, is not generally accepted. A second potential etymology connects with Latin manus («hand»), which has the same form as Sanskrit manus.[11]
Another etymology postulates the reduction of the ancestor of «human» to the ancestor of «man». Human is from *dhghem-, «earth», thus implying *(dh)ghom-on- would be an «earthdweller». The latter word, when reduced to just its final syllable, would be merely *m-on-[citation needed]. This is the view of Eric Partridge, Origins, under man. Such a derivation might be credible if only the Germanic form was known, but the attested Indo-Iranian manu virtually excludes the possibility. Moreover, *(dh)ghom-on- is known to have survived in Old English not as mann but as guma, the ancestor of the second element of the Modern English word bridegroom.[12] However, there may have been a single lexeme whose paradigm eventually split into two distinct lexemes in Proto-Germanic. Moreover, according to Brugmann’s law, Sanskrit mánu, with its short a, implies a PIE reconstruction *menu- rather than *monu-, which would lead to an expected but not attested cognate **minn- in Proto-Germanic.[13]
In the late twentieth century, the generic meaning of «man» declined (but is also continued in compounds «mankind», «everyman», «no-man», etc.).[14] The same thing has happened to the Latin word homo: in most of the Romance languages, homme, uomo, hombre, homem have come to refer mainly to males, with a residual generic meaning. The exception is Romanian, where om refers to a ‘human’, vs. bărbat (male).
The inflected forms of Old English mann are:[15]
| sg. | pl. | |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | mann | menn |
| acc. | mann | menn |
| gen. | mannes | manna |
| dat. | menn | mannum |
The inflected forms of Old High German word for man (without i-mutation) are:[16]
| sg. | pl. | |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | man | man |
| acc. | manann, also man | man |
| gen. | mannes | mannô |
| dat. | manne, also man | mannum, mannun, mannom, mannen |
The inflected forms of the Old Norse word for man, maðr, are:[17]
| sg. | pl. | |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | maðr | menn |
| acc. | mann | menn |
| gen. | manns | manna |
| dat. | manni | mǫnnum |
Modern usageEdit
The word «man» is still used in its generic meaning in literary English.
The verb to man (i.e. «to furnish [a fortress or a ship] with a company of men») dates to early Middle English.
The word has been applied generally as a suffix in modern combinations like «fireman», «policeman» and «mailman». With social changes in the later 20th century, new gender-neutral terms were coined, such as «firefighter», «police officer» and «mail carrier», to redress the gender-specific connotations of occupational names. Social theorists argued that the confusion of man as human and man as male were linguistic symptoms of male-centric definitions of humanity.[18]
In US American slang, man! also came to be used as an interjection, not necessarily addressing the listener but simply added for emphasis, much like boy!, and similarly, dude!
Also, in American English, the expression «The Man», referring to «the oppressive powers that be», originated in the Southern United States in the 20th century, and became widespread in the urban underworld from the 1950s.
Use of man- as a prefix and in composition usually denotes the generic meaning of «human», as in mankind, man-eating, man-made, etc. In some instances, when modifying gender-neutral nouns, the prefix may also denote masculine gender, as in manservant (17th century). In the context of the culture war of the 2000s to 2010s, man was introduced as a derogatory prefix in feminist jargon in some instances,[19] in neologisms such as mansplaining (2008) manspreading (2014), etc.
See alsoEdit
Look up Man or man in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- Were
- Names for the human species
- Last man
- Gender neutrality in English
- Manu and Yemo
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Rauer, Christine (January 2017). «Mann and Gender in Old English Prose: A Pilot Study». Neophilologus. 101 (1): 139–158. doi:10.1007/s11061-016-9489-1. hdl:10023/8978. S2CID 55817181.
- ^ Online Etymology Dictionary s.v. «man» Retrieved 4 December 2020.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary s.v. «man». Retrieved 4 December 2020.
- ^ American Heritage Dictionary, Appendix I: Indo-European Roots. man-1 Archived 2006-05-19 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 2007-07-22.
- ^ Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide, p. 12, Alexander Laban Hinton, University of California Press, 2002
- ^ Rauer, Christine (January 2017). «Mann and Gender in Old English Prose: A Pilot Study» (PDF). Neophilologus. 101 (1): 139–158. doi:10.1007/s11061-016-9489-1. hdl:10023/8978. S2CID 55817181., translation from this CC-BY 4.0 source
- ^ Thomas Wright (1884). Anglo Saxon and Old English Vocabularies (1 ed.). London, Trübner & Co. p. 814. ISBN 9780598901620.
- ^ John Richard Clark Hall (1916). A Concise Anglo−Saxon Dictionary (PDF) (2 ed.). CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. p. 788. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
- ^ Huisman, Rosemary (Jan 2008). «Narrative sociotemporality and complementary gender roles in Anglo-Saxon society: the relevance of wifmann and wæpnedmann to a plot summary of the Old English poem Beowulf». Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association. 4. (weak source, but supports only the spelling variants given for clarity)
- ^ (full or condensed, not concise) Oxford English Dictionary
- ^ George Hempl, «Etymologies», The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 22, No. 4 (1901), pp. 426-431, The Johns Hopkins University Press [1]
- ^ Online Etymology Dictionary s.v. bridegroom. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden, NL: Brill. pp. 353f. ISBN 978-90-04-18340-7.
- ^ «man, n.1 (and int.).» OED Online. Oxford University Press, September 2015. Web. 13 November 2015.
- ^ Bruce Mitchell and Fred C. Robinson, A Guide to Old English, 6th ed p. 29.
- ^ Karl August Hahn, Althochdeutsche Grammatik, p. 37.
- ^ Old Norse Lesson Seven by Óskar Guðlaugsson and Haukur Þorgeirsson
- ^ Dale Spender, 1980. Man-Made Language.
- ^ Clark, Imogen, and Andrea Grant. «Sexuality and danger in the field: starting an uncomfortable Conversation.» JASO: Special Issue on Sexual Harassment in the Field (2015): 1-14.
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#2
In Spanish, man is hombre (from Latin homo) and human is humano (from Latin humānus). I don’t know the etymology of the Latin words but I guess that a look to Wiktionary might help you with that.
fdb
Senior Member
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#3
To be honest, questions about how to say XYZ in “the Indo-European languages” (all of them?) are not very useful. You could at least in the first instance have a look at the “translation” box on “Wiktionary” (not always correct, but at least it is something).
That said, the most widely spread IE word for “man (male human being)” is probably the one represented by Latin vir, Sanskrit and Avestan vīra-, Lithuanian výras, Tocharian wir, Old Irish fer, Gothic wair, and others.
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#4
Latin vir, Sanskrit and Avestan vīra-, Lithuanian výras, Tocharian wir, Old Irish fer, Gothic wair, and others.
I am not sure if the Avestan vīra- has survived into Persian but we now have mard for ‘man’ and mardom for ‘people’.
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#5
Also, man (male):
I.E. *ner-
Μ.Gr.: άνδρας<ἀνήρ (anḗr)
Sanskrit: nár
Welsh: ner
Armenian: ayr
Albanian: njer
Last edited: Jun 1, 2019
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#6
Also, man (male):
I.E. *ner-
Μ.Gr.: άνδρας<ἀνήρ
Sanskrit: nár
Welsh: ner
Armenian: ayr
Albanian: njer
Persian: nar (generic male, mādé generic female)
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#7
I am not sure if the Avestan vīra- has survived into Persian but we now have mard for ‘man’ and mardom for ‘people’.
And that is cognate with Sanskrit «martya», «marta» and Avestan «maṧiia», which mean «mortal, man».
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#8
Also, man (male):
I.E. *ner-
Μ.Gr.: άνδρας<ἀνήρ (anḗr)
Sanskrit: nár
Welsh: ner
Armenian: ayr
Albanian: njer
Human is «άνθρωπος» [ˈan.θrɔ.pɔs] (masc.) < Classical masc. noun «ἄνθρωπος» ắntʰrōpŏs —> human being, man.
Doric (the dialect spoken in ancient Sparta) had the feminine form «ἀνθρωπώ» ăntʰrōpṓ for woman (which hasn’t survived either in Standard MoGr or any other Modern Greek dialect, including Tsakonian which is believed to be the only MoGr dialect descended from Doric).
Its etymology is unclear; per Beekes the word is probably of Pre-Greek substrate origin.
Kuiper accepts it as a derivative of the 3rd declension masc. noun «δρώψ» drṓps (nom. sing.), «δρωπός» drōpós (gen. sing.) —> man a Pre-Greek gloss, which produced «ἄνθρωπος» after prenasalization and prothetic vowel.
For other linguists it’s a compound:
«Ἀνήρ» ănḗr (3rd declension masc. nom. sing.), «ἀνδρός» ăndrós (masc. gen. sing.) —> man, male human being (PIE *h₂ner- man cf Skt. नृ (nṛ́), Arm. այր (ayr), Alb. njer, human being, person) + «ὤψ» ṓps (with disputed gender, masc. or fem.) —> eye, face, countenace (PIE *h₃kʷ- to see cf Skt. ईक्षते (īks̩ate), to observe).
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#9
And that is cognate with Sanskrit «martya», «marta» and Avestan «maṧiia», which mean «mortal, man».
Yes..but..
I know to die or death has well understood PIE roots and the following Persian words: mordan/to die, mordé/dead marg/death amordād/immortals, show that Persian as an IE language, is no exception in that respect. That said, I have some doubts or questions on whether martya meant mortal all those thousands years ago, either in Sanskrit or Old Persian and that sense of it, is a modern misnomer. The concept of ‘man’ being mortal requires a level of sophistication that usually comes after development of language, I am sure someone will correct me on that.
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#10
…What are the words for «man» or «human» in the Indo European languages that you know and what are their etymologies?…
Beware! You have combined «man» and «human» as if the English accident that they both contain the letters m-a-n were perhaps significant. This isn’t the case.
Man comes through Old English from German and ultimately Teutonic man(n). The ultimate origin of this is unknown.
Human comes from Latin humanus, from homo, Old Latin hemō, the earthly one (cognate with humus).
I have been in meetings where it was alleged that homo sapiens was sexist because it implied male. That would of course be vir sapiens in Latin, but there’s no arguing with prejudice.
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#11
Hi all!
What are the words for «man» or «human» in the Indo European languages that you know and what are their etymologies?for example:
Russian — челове́к «From PIE *(s)kʷel- (“crowd, people”).The latter part is akin to Lithuanian vaĩkas (“child”), Latvian vaiks (“boy”) and Old Prussian waiх (“manservant”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyk-»
The Slavic čelověkъ «human» only has several (and trivial) lexical derivatives (čelověčьskъ, čelověčьjь, čelověčьnъ), so it may actually be a rather recent word. The traditional interpretation relates its first component to čeļadь «household; servants», and so the original meaning of čelověkъ may be similar to the original sense of «valet» (*vassallettus), which, interestingly, still existed in Russian a century ago (Если к вам пришли гости, а у вас ничего нет, пошлите человека в погреб…).
That said, the most widely spread IE word for “man (male human being)” is probably the one represented by Latin vir, Sanskrit and Avestan vīra-, Lithuanian výras, Tocharian wir, Old Irish fer, Gothic wair, and others.
This word may have survived in Slavic as well, in the form of vira «wergeld» — that dictionaries usually explain as a Germanic loan, though it is impossible phonetically (Germanic, as well as Celtic and Italic shorten the unstressed long vowel here by Dybo’s law — see Дыбо ВА · 2008 · Германское сокращение индоевропейских долгот, германский «Verschärfung» (закон Хольцмана) и балто-славянская акцентология: 558–567), whereas vir-, with its stable initial stress in Russian, is the expected fully regular phonetic counterpart of the Lithuanian vyr- with the dominant acute of the first syllable.
P. S. The initial accent in vyras (and in vira, if it is indeed the same root) is due to Hirt’s law.
Last edited: Jun 3, 2019
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#12
The general Persian word is «mard», from old persian «mārtyā«
But we have a few more words: «doshman» means enemy (literally bad man), «bahman» meaning nice person, kohromān meaning hero (literally man of work, corrupted as «qahremān»). It is derived from a PIE root *man- (see Sanskrit//Avestan manu-, slavic mǫž «man, male», English man).
Another word in Persian meaning hero, «huvir» (literally good person, not used daily but used alot by poets). see Latin vir, Sanskrit and Avestan vīra-, English wer.
fdb
Senior Member
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#13
«doshman» means enemy (literally bad man), «bahman» meaning nice person,
No. They are from the Old Iranian root manyu «mind».
kohromān meaning hero (literally man of work, corrupted as «qahremān»). It is derived from a PIE root *man- (see Sanskrit//Avestan manu-, slavic mǫž «man, male», English man).
No. It is from Middle Persian kār-framān «commander of works».
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#14
No. They are from the Old Iranian root manyu «mind».
Hmm, that’s an interesting theory. One that I had never heard before. According to Mo’in Dictionary, the second biggest and one of the most important Persian Dictionaries:
قهرمان [ ق َ رَ ، معرب] : گویا درست این واژه « کهرمان» است و « قهرمان» عربی شده است. و ریشه ی قهرمان یا همان کهرمان مرد کار است، به معنی مرد آدمی و کارآمدی بی مانند. « من» در واژگان دیگری مانند دش+من به+من هو+من نیز دیده می شود
Qahreman: It has been said that the correct form of kohroman is qahreman, and qahreman is the arabicized for of it. The root of qahreman or kohroman is man of work, man of the people. man could be seen in other words like dosh+man (enemy), bah+man (friend), hu+man(avestan and middle persian for human).
دشمن [ دُ م َ ]: دُش
.همان دُژ است به معنی «بد». دشمن یعنی من بد، دشمن که در کردی دُژمِن گفته می شود یعنی آدم بد در بدابر بَهمَن که آدم خوب است
dosh is the same as dozh, which means bad. doshman ,which is dezhman in Kurdish, is the antonym of bahman which means good man.
fdb
Senior Member
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#15
Avestan duš-mainiiu- “having an evil mind”; vohu- manah- “good mind”.
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#16
dosh is the same as dozh, which means bad. doshman ,which is dezhman in Kurdish, is the antonym of bahman which means good man.
دشمن/doshman/dushman means ‘enemy’ someone with bad intentions i.e. ‘bad mind’ and not a ‘bad man’ per se. Not all ‘bad men’ are enemies and not all enemies are ‘bad men’.
Last edited: Jun 19, 2019
fdb
Senior Member
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#17
To return to the question under discussion: The English (and Germanic) word “man” is presumably cognate with Sanskrit manu- “man”, also the name of the primal man Manu-. There are related nouns in Sanskrit and the other Indo-Aryan languages, but curiously the ONLY cognate in Iranian is the Avestan name of the mythical king Manuš-čiϑra- “the seed of Manu”, and its Middle and New Persian derivative Manūčihr.
It has been claimed that these “man” words are cognate with Indo-European *men “to think”, but this is debated.
Last edited: Jun 19, 2019
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#18
For curiosity, in Romani («Gypsy language») spoken in Central Europe the word for «human being» is manuš. The word for man (male), but exclusively of Romani ethnicity, is rom.
P.S. What is the etymology of rom?
fdb
Senior Member
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#19
P.S. What is the etymology of rom?
Turner derives it from Sanskrit:
5570 ḍōmba m. ʻ man of low caste living by singing and music ʼ
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#20
Turner derives it from Sanskrit:
5570 ḍōmba m. ʻ man of low caste living by singing and music ʼ
This is interesting, because they traditionally really live by singing and music . However, I’m not convinced that this tradition goes back to the times when they still lived somewhere in India.
Is the sound change ḍ > r (ḍōmba > rom[a]) «typical» in (some) Indo-Aryan languages?
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#21
However, I’m not convinced that this tradition goes back to the times when they still lived somewhere in India
That is really likely, considering how Romani customs directly prohibit most kinds of jobs.
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#22
This is interesting, because they traditionally really live by singing and music
. However, I’m not convinced that this tradition goes back to the times when they still lived somewhere in India.
It wouldn’t need to. They could leave India with that word still having its older meaning at that time, then shift its meaning any time since then.
There’s another group of people whose ancestors left India and traveled west, but didn’t get as far, who call themselves «Dom». Their language, Domari, has lost its retroflexes. It’s the same root word as in «Romany», with the same modern meaning, so either it had the same kind of shift in meaning in both groups after they split, or the shift in meaning happened before they split. But they could very well have split in the Middle East, not India, so that wouldn’t narrow down the time range very much even if we could say it had to be before or after that split.
Is the sound change ḍ > r (ḍōmba > rom[a]) «typical» in (some) Indo-Aryan languages?
Not in others I think, but it might be systematic in Romany. I have only a few examples, not nearly enough to defend my case if anybody wants to contradict me, but…
Sanskrit maɳɖaka (bread)… Romany manrro/maro
Sanskrit dugdʰa (milk)… Romany tʰud
Persian amrūd (pear)… Romany amrol
Persian āzmūdan (test, try)… Romany zumav
It looks like something happened to the D-like sounds that were already present in the language by the time they got through Persia… they aren’t lost in the same way, but they are lost; the only survivor I know of is the aspirated one that came right after another voiced plosive and lost its aspiration.
But then, when they got farther west…
Ossetian wærdon (cart)… Romany vordon/verdo
Greek drómos (road)… Romany drom
Greek skiádi (hat)… Romany stadǐ
So by that time, if there had indeed been a pattern of losing D-like sounds, that process then ended, which meant the language could keep any new Ds it picked up after that.
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#23
Thank you, Delvo, for the comprehensive and interesting explanation.
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#24
In Armenian we use the word մարդ [mɑɾt̪ʰ], from Classical Armenian mard. According to Mallory J.P. and Adams D. (2006) it is derived from P.I.E. *mr̥tós »mortal» (in case we have forgotten…). Therefore it is akin to Persian mard.
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#25
According to Mallory J.P. and Adams D. (2006) it is derived from P.I.E. *mr̥tós »mortal» (in case we have forgotten…). Therefore it is akin to Persian mard.
This is a general comment about the link between Persian mard and mortal, I can not understand how the scholars have come up with this, weren’t women also mortal, did only men die in old times, or were men so ignorant and up themselves that they didn’t consider a woman’s death as sign of their mortality.
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#26
This is a general comment about the link between Persian mard and mortal, I can not understand how the scholars have come up with this, weren’t women also mortal, did only men die in old times, or were men so ignorant and up themselves that they didn’t consider a woman’s death as sign of their mortality.
I don’t know Persian, but in Armenian the first meaning of mard was »human» (homo). There was another word for »he-human», ayr, corresponding to Latin vir. So its current meaning of »human» is the result of an extension.
Isn’t it the same in Persian?
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#27
I don’t know Persian, but in Armenian the first meaning of mard was »human» (homo). There was another word for »he-human», ayr, corresponding to Latin vir. So its current meaning of »human» is the result of an extension.
Isn’t it the same in Persian?
Yes there is نر/nar which means ‘male’ in Persian.
In Persian we have marg/death, mordé/dead, mordan/to die amordâd/immortal etc, so the ‘similarity’ between mard/man and mortal are very obvious, but I still can not link them for the reason I gave in post #25.
Maybe you have addressed my question in your comments above but I don’t see it.
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#28
In Persian we have marg/death, mordé/dead, mordan/to die amordâd/immortal etc, so the ‘similarity’ between mard/man and mortal are very obvious, but I still can not link them for the reason I gave in post #25.
Actually, my question is — when mard »derived» from *mr̥tós (maybe long before Persian formed), didn’t it apply to both men and women? I don’t know if I understood your post, actually.
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#29
didn’t it apply to both men and women?
Is this a question for me? it sounds like my own question. Basically both men and women are mortal, so why is it that ‘mard/mart’ applies to men only? In English ‘man’ means ‘human being’ as well ‘male human’ and female human i.e. a ‘woman‘ has a ‘man’ element in it.
Anyway mortality as a concept seems a little too advanced, for those early human beings, to use as a model or inspiration for the male name.
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#30
I found an ancestor of mard that could have referred to all human beings: martiya- in Old Persian. Is it true?
Thus »mortal» could have applied to both men and women at the origin of the word.
Last edited: Jul 30, 2019
fdb
Senior Member
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#31
Old Persian martiya- is grammatically masculine. But of course that is not decisive.
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#32
I found an ancestor of mard that could have referred to all human beings: martiya- in Old Persian. Is it true?
This may be relevant, in Persian mardom means ‘people’ and by extension human beings.
Also if ‘mrd‘ (no short vowel representations in Persian/Iranic scripts) is modelled after a word that meant ‘mortal’, then the final /d/ on it must be the result of adding /d/ to the present stem of ‘to die’ i.e. ‘mr’, to get ‘mrd’ which is its past tense, if this is right then those early Iranians developed ‘grammar’ before the word for man.
Note — The past tense of all verbs in Persian are formed by adding mainly /d/ but also /t/, to the present stem of a verb.
Last edited: Jul 31, 2019