Polysemous English words — Wall Street English. There are many English words that are pronounced and spelled exactly the same, but have completely different meanings. … But you get a double benefit, as marketers would say: several new English words at once to replenish the vocabulary for the price of one.
According to the Guinness Book of Records, the English word with the most meanings is set. It has 430 values. Here we will look at common examples of the meanings of ambiguous English words.
What words in English have multiple meanings?
And in order to read articles in English on your own and not feel discomfort, come to study at Skyeng.
- Run: 645 values …
- Set: 430 values …
- Go: 368 values …
- Take: 343 values …
- Stand: 334 values …
- Get: 289 values …
- Turn: 288 values …
- Put: 268 values
Why does one word have many meanings in English?
The English language is notable for the fact that a large number of words are polysemous. The linguistic name for this phenomenon is ‘polysemy’: from the Greek words ‘poly’ — ‘many’ and ‘sema’ — ‘meaning’. This very polysemy leads to our mistakes, misunderstanding and misinterpretation. … Their different meanings do not surprise us at all.
What’s the longest word in the English language?
The longest word found in the main dictionaries of the English language is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, which means lung disease from the inhalation of very small silica particles of volcanic ash; from a medical point of view, the disease is similar to that of silicosis.
What are unambiguous example words?
In modern Russian, there are words that have the same lexical meaning: bandage, appendicitis, birch, felt-tip pen, satin, etc. Such words are called unambiguous or monosemantic (gr.
What word in Russian has the most meanings?
Polysemous words can be among words belonging to any part of speech, except for numbers. Most polysemous words are observed among verbs. The word «go» can be called «champion» in terms of ambiguity. It has more than 40 meanings, and the verb «pull» has more than 20.
How to determine the meaning of a polysemantic word?
A word that has several lexical meanings is polysemantic. One meaning is direct, the rest are portable. A striking example of a polysemantic word is a key (spanner, treble, spring, key from the lock). Any independent part of speech can be polysemantic: a noun, an adjective, a verb, etc.
What are words with two meanings called?
Words that have two or more meanings are called polysemous. Words that answer the same question and have a similar meaning are called synonyms. Words that answer the same question, but have the opposite meaning, are called antonyms.
What are grade 2 polysemous words?
Polysemous words are words that have two or more lexical meanings. Explanatory dictionary — a dictionary that provides an explanation of the lexical meaning of a word.
Why are there so many synonyms in English?
Why are there so many synonyms in English?
It’s one thing when synonyms convey the subtlest shades of moods, qualities, intentions. … Third, you can practice your English listening skills once again — a little exercise for those seeking to improve their skills.
How many English languages?
Living languages
| Language | A type |
|---|---|
| English | West Germanic languages |
| Welsh | Celtic languages (British languages) |
| Scottish (Germanic) | West Germanic languages |
| Irish | Celtic languages (Goidel languages) |
What words refer to Homonyms?
Homonyms are words that match in sound and spelling, but have different meanings:
- glasses in a beautiful frame;
- score points in the game.
How many letters are there in the largest English word?
The longest words in English The longest word that can be found in the English dictionary contains 45 letters and calls the disease silicosis: Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.
What does the word tetrahydropyranylcyclopentyltetrahydropyridopyridine mean?
Tetrahydropyranylcyclopentyltetrahydropyridopyridine is a 55-letter word describing a substance according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2285004. The word denoting age includes a numeral, spelled together, and the basis «-years».
What does the longest word in the world look like?
In the Guinness Book of Records, the 1993 edition, the word «X-ray electrocardiographic» was named the longest. It consists of 33 letters. In 2003, the word changed — «high-level discerning.» There are already 35 letters in it.
I am not a native speaker and it sometimes surprise me how many different meanings some words have. An example is the word call — when I was learning English I thought it was only «shout» or «to ring someone» but the list of meanings is almost endless: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/call .
What are some other such words so that I can be careful when interpreting their meaning? As if I could execute the query «give me a top ten list of words with most definition lines on TheFreeDictionary».
asked Sep 19, 2011 at 22:43
6
For a long time, «set» had the most meanings in the OED, but now it is «run». From the New York Times of 25th May 2011:
Which is the most lustrously complex word among the three quarters of
a million or so words and senses that make up this vast mongrel tongue
we know as the English language?Well, according to the O.E.D.’s chief editor, John Simpson, we now
have a winner — and a winner that may well say something about the
current state of English-speaking humankind. For while in the first
edition of the O.E.D., in 1928, that richest-of-all-words was “set”
(75 columns of type, some 200 senses), the victor in today’s rather
more frantic and uncongenial world is, without a doubt, the
three-letter word “run.”… Mr. Gilliver has finally calculated that there are for the verb-form alone of “run” no fewer than 645 meanings. A record.
In terms of sheer size, the entry for “run” is half as big again as that for “put,” a word on which Mr. Gilliver also worked some years ago. But more significantly still, “run” is also far bigger than the old chestnut “set,” a word that, says Mr. Gilliver, simply “hasn’t undergone as much development in the 20th and 21st centuries as has ‘run.’ ”
answered Sep 20, 2011 at 12:33
HugoHugo
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This is what I get using WRI curated data. Click to see a larger image.
For the record, the script used is:
r = SortBy[{Length[#[[2]]], #[[1]]}&/@({#, WordData[#]} & /@ DictionaryLookup[]), -First@# &]
BarChart[Transpose[r1][[1]],
ChartLabels ->
Placed[Text[Style[#, Italic, 24]] & /@ Transpose[r1][[2]], Center, Rotate[#, Pi/2] &]]
Edit
Just answering comments and other answers, here are the 76 meanings of break according to WRI.
1 Noun Flight
2 Noun Open Frame
3 Noun Dash
4 Noun Change Of Integrity
5 Noun Holdup
6 Noun Break Of Serve
7 Noun Shot
8 Noun Pause
9 Noun Modification
10 Noun Breach
11 Noun Fortuity
12 Noun Breakup
13 Noun Occurrent
14 Noun Crevice
15 Noun Hurt
16 Noun Interval
17 Verb Weaken
18 Verb Diminish
19 Verb Injure
20 Verb Fall
21 Verb Domesticate
22 Verb Change
23 Verb Turn
24 Verb Damage
25 Verb Change Integrity
26 Verb Divide
27 Verb Check
28 Verb Develop
29 Verb Break Off
30 Verb Interrupt
31 Verb Deaden
32 Verb Break Down
33 Verb Change Voice
34 Verb Go
35 Verb Lick
36 Verb Destroy
37 Verb Diphthongize
38 Verb Disrupt
39 Verb Pause
40 Verb Tell
41 Verb Get Out
42 Verb Outstrip
43 Verb Penetrate
44 Verb Become Punctured
45 Verb Detach
46 Verb Crumble
47 Verb Bust
48 Verb Disunite
49 Verb Shoot
50 Verb Modify
51 Verb Exchange
52 Verb Express Feelings
53 Verb Trip The Light Fantastic Toe
54 Verb Give Way
55 Verb Founder
56 Verb Appear
57 Verb Scatter
58 Verb Take Flight
59 Verb Get Away
60 Verb Change Direction
61 Verb Impoverish
62 Verb Designate
63 Verb Split
64 Verb Invalidate
65 Verb Break Away
66 Verb Ruin
67 Verb Disrespect
68 Verb Trespass
69 Verb Come About
70 Verb Emerge
71 Verb Violate
72 Verb Quit
73 Verb Give Up Habit
74 Verb Vary
75 Verb Finish
76 Interjection
answered Sep 20, 2011 at 1:45
Dr. belisariusDr. belisarius
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This trivia has already been studied. The top five words in the list are:
- set (464 definitions)
- run (396 definitions)
- go (368 definitions)
- take (343 definitions)
- stand (334 definitions)
answered Apr 24, 2012 at 5:45
BravoBravo
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I believe the answer is set. It has more than 200 definitions in the OED, organised thus:
-
To cause to sit, seat; to be seated, sit.
-
To sink, descend.
-
To put in a definite place (the manner of the action being implied either in the verb itself or in the context).
-
To place or cause to be in a position, condition, relation, or connection. (This group embraces a large number of uses in which the precise implication of sense depends mainly on the kind of construction employed.)
-
To appoint, prescribe, ordain, establish.
-
To arrange, fix, adjust.
-
To place mentally, suppose, estimate.
-
To put or come into a settled position or condition.
-
To put in the way of following a course, cause to take a certain direction.
-
Senses perhaps arising from reversal of construction or from ellipsis (their origin being often obscure).
-
With prepositions in specialized senses.
-
With adverbs in specialized senses.
This is just for the verb usage, set is also used as an adjective, noun, conjunction and comb. form.
answered Apr 24, 2012 at 4:52
J D OConalJ D OConal
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The most polysemous word in the OED is set.
answered Sep 20, 2011 at 4:57
ShoeShoe
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Just to concur with Shoe, I remember reading long long ago — in the Guinness Book of Records of all places — that set has the most (22) distinct different meanings in English.
Another common problem among non-native users of English are phrasal verbs which can appear very similar but have quite different meanings, eg set up, set out, set off, set about, set on, set down, etc. Often native speakers will use these verbs in an attempt to simplify their language when talking to non-native speakers (eg, by using «set up» instead of «establish»), often having the opposite effect.
answered Sep 20, 2011 at 12:13
MattMatt
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In practical usage rather than dictionary definitions, thingamy probably has the most different meanings — it can mean any noun, depending on context, and I think there are more nouns than other parts of speech. There are other four-letter words which also take multiple meanings depending on context.
Another word which can take multiple meanings is ‘buffalo’ which can act as a noun ( the animal ), and adjectival phrase ( pertaining to the city ) and a verb ( to harass ) so ‘Buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo’ is possibly the longest sentence made of the same word repeated, parsed in a similar way to ‘London cats annoy London cats’
answered Dec 5, 2014 at 22:38
1
José is in his third and final week with me on a home stay full immersion course and has come to the conclusion that the English Language is extremely confusing and frustrating! Especially when it comes to all those words that have multiple meanings. I have to confess that he has got a point.
Take the word “run” for example. It has 179 meanings according to Dictionary.com whilst the word “take” has 127 definitions! The following infographic that was compiled by Kaplan International together with Dictionary.com highlights the 10 English words with the most meanings in the English Language. You can view this infographic here on the Kaplan website.
Kaplan has taken each word and categorised them according to the different parts of speech, for example, verb, noun, adverb, adjective and so on as well as verb phrases and idioms. As this list is very long, I’ve decided to break this list in two parts.
Part 1 will deal with the first 5 words. I’ve shown some examples of the different verb and noun meanings and verb phrases for each word.
1. RUN
Verb
- My dog loves to run about in the park (move quickly with legs)
- She runs a very successful business (manages)
- The bus company runs a regular weekend service (offer a service)
- Don’t leave your car engine running/ try running the computer programme and see if it works (machine: working)
Noun
- I always go for a 10k run in the mornings.
- The play has had a successful run in the West End. (a period of time)
- I do the school run every morning and my husband does it in the afternoon (a journey that a train, ship, car and so on does regularly)
Verb Phrases
- Her withdrawal meant that her opponent was given a clear run for the nomination (you can progress without anyone stopping you)
- He gave Tom a good run for his money (competing so well with someone that they cannot defeat you)
- He is on the run from the law (trying to escape or hide from the police)
2. TAKE
Verb
- Don’t forget to take an extra pair of shoes (move something or someone from one place to another)
- Take a deep breath ◆ James took a sip of his drink ◆ I took a quick look at the audience (to perform an action or series of actions)
- I took a course in origami at college ◆ I’ve taken my driving test three times (to study or take an exam in a particular subject)
Verb Phrases
- I like chocolate but I can take it or leave it (to not care whether you have, see or do something – informal)
- It takes all sorts (used for saying that you find someone’s behaviour surprising or strange but will accept it – spoken)
- Take it from me, this restaurant is excellent. (used to emphasize that what you’re saying is true and people should believe it – spoken)
3. BREAK
Verb
- Be careful that you don’t break those glasses (separate into pieces by dropping)
- If you break the speed limit, the penalties are high ◆ break the law. (don’t obey rules or the law)
- When the news first broke, he was no where to be found ◆ breaking news ( if news breaks, it becomes publicly known)
- Why don’t we break now and meet again after lunch? (stop what you’re doing for a period of time)
Noun
- Doctors and nurses often work very long hours without a break ◆ Let’s take/have a break.
- This could be the lucky break he’s always wanted (an opportunity that helps you achieve success)
- She decided to make the break from marketing after eighteen years (a time of major change in one’s life).
Verb Phrases
- He’s been breaking his back getting the house ready in time for the baby’s arrival (working very hard)
- I think we’ve broken the back of this project now. (British English – to finish the hardest part of a task)
- In their first year, the company broke even. (when a company doesn’t make a profit or a loss)
- I want to break free (as sung by Freddy Mercury – to escape from someone or something that is holding you or controls you)
4. TURN
Verb
- She turned around and smiled at me (change position)
- When you get to the junction, turn right (change direction)
- She could not concentrate on her book. All she seemed to be doing was turning the pages without reading them.
- After years as an amateur dancer, she turned professional ( change and do something different)
- It has turned cold again ( change and become something else)
Noun
- Oh no, is it my turn again to wash the dishes?! ◆ Is it my turn to roll the dice? (in a group and it’s your time to do something)
- The debate over drugs in sport took an unexpected turn yesterday ◆ The situation took a turn for the better/worse (a change in a situation)
- He took the wrong turn and that took him miles away from his destination (change of direction)
Verb Phrases
- He was stopped at every turn by the rigid rules (wherever or whenever someone tries to do something)
- He did her a good turn by offering her the job (an action that helps someone – also applies in the opposite “a bad turn”)
- I hope I’m not speaking out of turn, but I preferred the original version (to say something that you shouldn’t say in case you offend someone or you have no right to say it)
- The mansion was built at the turn of the century ( the time at the end of one century and the beginning of the next)
5. SET
Verb
- “Tea is served,” he told them and set the tray on the table. (put something in a position)
- I’ve set the alarm for 6am ◆ You can set the iPhone so that it does an automatic backup (to make equipment ready)
- Have you set a date for the wedding? (to decide when something will happen)
- The Bank of England sets the interest rate ◆ They set the price of the house too high. (to decide the price or value of something)
- I have set the team three challenges/goals/objectives/tasks (to give someone something to achieve)
Noun
- a set of keys ◆ a set of guidelines ◆ a complete set ◆ a chess set ( a group of things)
- the literary set ◆ the jet set◆ a set of friends (a group of people that share the same interests)
- a film set ◆ a stage set (theatre, film – place where a film or play is made)
Verb Phrases
- The drivers’ demands were not met, setting the stage for a prolonged transport strike (create the conditions for something to happen)
- They are a company that has set the standard for excellence in service (perform an activity to a level that other people need to achieve)
- Dinner will be ready soon. Could you please set the table? (put cutlery and plates on the table)
- After lunch I set to work on the mountain of paperwork on my desk (start working in a determined and enthusiastic way)
The above examples are just a few that I have selected here. Please do share with me any other meanings you know and use.
I will deal with the other five words in my next post (Part 2) so look out for it!
If you liked this post, please share it and don’t forget to subscribe to my blog if you don’t want to miss out on my posts.
Ciao for now
Shanthi
Gareth Cattermole/Getty Images
- Though the English language has many quirks, one of its most interesting is homographs: words that are spelled identically but have different meanings or definitions.
- There are at least 10 words with hundreds of definitions each, like «go» and «put.»
- «Run» is anticipated to have approximately 645 different meanings in the next Oxford English Dictionary, set for a 2037 release.
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The English language is, indeed, a quirky one: it’s notoriously difficult to learn, and often words have more than one meaning.
Some of these words are called homographs. They’re spelled identically but have vastly different definitions. «Go» has 368, for instance, and «set» has 430. The word «run» is anticipated to have approximately 645 different meanings in the next Oxford English Dictionary, set for a 2037 release.
Keep scrolling to see which 10 words in the English language have the most definitions.
Run: 645 definitions
Syda Productions/Shutterstock
Though there is some debate surrounding the first place position of «run,» as one of the top homographs it has (an anticipated) 645 different definitions, according to a New York Times article from 2011.
The word is widely used to describe various activities: a computer runs a program, a car runs on gas, a candidate runs for office, etc. Of course, as with the rest of the English language, the word continues to evolve.
Set: 430 definitions
Keystone Features/Getty Images
Referred to as the «old chestnut» in the same New York Times article, «set» previously held the top position for the English word with the most definitions.
But «set» «hasn’t undergone as much development in the 20th and 21st centuries as has ‘run,'» Gilliver told the Times. Regardless, «set» holds strong at 430 definitions, per the 1989 O.E.D.
Go: 368 definitions
Prisma by Dukas/UIG via Getty Images
«Go» is one of the most ubiquitous everyday words in the English language. Like many others on this list, it can be a noun, adjective, and verb. It clocked in at 368 definitions in 1989’s O.E.D.
Its top meaning as a verb is «to move from one place to another; travel,» but it can also be «said in various expressions when angrily or contemptuously dismissing someone.» Used in a sentence: «Go and get lost!»
Take: 343 definitions
iStock
The word «take» is described by Merriam-Webster as «to get into one’s hands or into one’s possession, power, or control.» But its meanings stretch across a vast terrain: to «take something in» could also mean «to consider or view in a particular relation.»
It comes in a close fourth place, roughly 20 definitions less than «go:» 343 in the 1989 O.E.D.
Get: 289 definitions
Nicky J Sims/Getty Images
Like «go,» «getting» is one of those commonplace words that we use so much, we don’t even realize how much we use it. We «get» coffee.» We are «getting» dolled up for a date. We «got» a bad grade on that test.
According to the 1989 O.E.D., it has 289 definitions, to be exact.
Turn: 288 definitions
REUTERS/David Gray
The word «turn» is nestled closely behind, with only one less definition than «get.» It can take on many other meanings beyond «moving in a circular direction,» including «passing the age or time of» something. In a sentence: «I turned 40 last year.»
Put: 268 definitions
Valentyn Ogirenko/Reuters
«In terms of sheer size, the entry for ‘run’ is half as big again as that for ‘put,'» said the New York Times article. But that doesn’t make «put» any less impressive, with exactly 268 definitions in total.
«Put» also may be a reason for «set»‘s decline in popularity, as we tend to use the former in favor of the latter these days. For example: we «put» the drinking glass down, rather than «set» it down.
Fall: 264 definitions
Eduardo Munoz/Reuters
Perhaps the most embarrassing of the list (in verb form, that is), «fall» clocks in at about 264 definitions in the O.E.D.
Though we all know fall’s most common definition as a verb — «to descend freely by the force of gravity» — it’s interesting to note that «fall» is also used to refer to lambs giving birth, according to Merriam-Webster.
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Learning English can be fun. It can be daunting. It can be empowering. It can also be confusing, on occasion. But one thing it definitely isn’t is boring. Even the most fluent English speakers are often surprised when they discover something new about the language: a grammar rule brought to their attention for the first time, a word that they’d never come across before or, even more surprisingly, a familiar word used in an unexpected way! Yes, it is quite common for one English word to have two (or more) completely different meanings.
The way to tell these same-spelling, different-meaning words apart is to pay attention to the context in which they are being used. This will make much more sense when we see these words in action, so let’s look at some examples.
Here is a word that has more than one meaning:
Mine
- as a noun: a place underground from where minerals are extracted
Peter has been working at a coal mine since April. - as a possessive pronoun: to show possession
This is your bag, not mine.
Isn’t that interesting? The same word—mine—is used in both example sentences, but it means two entirely different things in each.
Here is a list of ten other English words with more than one meaning:
1. Interest
- as a noun: wanting to learn or know more about something
She developed an interest in programming after taking a course in college and now she is a
professional programmer. - as a noun: additional money charged on a borrowed sum
I am paying a high rate of interest on my home loan. - as a verb: to arouse curiosity or attention
We built interest in our product by outlining its many benefits on our social media channels.
2. Date
- as a noun: the day of the month or year
We still haven’t set a date for the ceremony. - as a verb: to show the age of something
This food at this restaurant is delicious but the old-fashioned décor really dates it.
3. Engage
- as a verb: to be involved in some work or an activity
The students hope to engage in a lively discussion with the visiting professor. - as an adjective: to have formally agreed to marry someone
The engaged couple shared the good news with their friends and family.
4. Leave
- as a verb: to go away from somewhere
Ali leaves for Delhi soon. - as a verb: to remain
The ink will leave a stain on my shirt. - as a verb: to deposit or deliver
The delivery person leaves Sharmila’s parcels with her neighbor. - as a noun: to be absent from work or duty
Gunjan is at home on leave today. She will not be attending the meeting.
5. Novel
- as a noun: a prose, fictionalized narrative in the form of a book that often tells a complex
story with characters and action
My mother’s novel about three generations of women from a small town has won the National Book Award this year. - as an adjective: something that is unique and interesting
I discovered a novel way to spend less money and save more
6. Park
- as a noun: a public garden or area for recreation
I am taking my children to play in the park today. - as a verb: to bring a car or vehicle to a stop for a period of time
We are leaving for the concert now so that we get a good spot to park the car.
7. Play
- as a verb: to engage in an activity or sport
We are going to play football today.
My band is playing at the City Club on Saturday. Why don’t you come check us out? - as a verb: to act in a dramatic production
I am playing the role of a politician in my next film. - as a noun: a theatrical production
Hamlet is my favorite play of all time.
8. Right
- as an adjective: morally fair, good or proper
The right thing to do now would be to apologize for your mistake. - as a noun: morally right or just.
He doesn’t seem to understand the difference between right and wrong. - as a noun: something one has legal or moral claim to
As a citizen of this country I have voting rights. - as a noun: the direction or location of something
If you look to your right, you will see the Museum of Natural History.
9. Run
- as a verb: to move faster than while walking
Don’t run down the street, that’s dangerous! - as a verb: to go somewhere in urgency or distress (not literally “running”, necessarily)
Even as an adult, I run to my mother with all my problems. - as a verb: to contend in a race of some kind
I intend to run for President four years from now. - as a noun: a continuous spell of a something
Souvik has a had a run of bad luck this year.
10. Type
- as a noun: a category of things or people that share something in common
They sell all types of fabric in that store. - as a verb: to write something on a keypad by pressing keys
Wow! You type very fast!
Now that’s a lot of different meanings for only a few words, isn’t it? And if you’ll believe it – many of these words can be used in even more ways than the ones listed here. But don’t be overwhelmed, a good online or print dictionary will help you find all the meanings of any English word you might encounter. And the more you read and speak in English, the stronger your vocabulary will become.
Here’s another great idea – to really power up your vocabulary try a Burlington English course! We have expert teachers on hand to guide you with our spoken English training courses that will take your language learning journey to the next level.