Word with many morphemes

Morphology is the study of words and their parts. Morphemes, like prefixes, suffixes and base words, are defined as the smallest meaningful units of meaning. Morphemes are important for phonics in both reading and spelling, as well as in vocabulary and comprehension.

Why use morphology

Teaching morphemes unlocks the structures and meanings within words. It is very useful to have a strong awareness of prefixes, suffixes and base words. These are often spelt the same across different words, even when the sound changes, and often have a consistent purpose and/or meaning.

Types of morphemes

Free vs. bound

Morphemes can be either single words (free morphemes) or parts of words (bound morphemes).

A free morpheme can stand alone as its own word

• gentle
• father
• licence
• picture
• gem

A bound morpheme only occurs as part of a word

• -s as in cat+s
• -ed as in crumb+ed
• un- as in un+happy
• mis- as in mis-fortune
• -er as in teach+er

In the example above: un+system+atic+al+ly, there is a root word (system) and bound morphemes that attach to the root (un-, -atic, -al, -ly)

system = root un-, -atic, -al, -ly = bound morphemes

If two free morphemes are joined together they create a compound word. These words are a great way to introduce morphology (the study of word parts) into the classroom.

For more details, see:
Compound words

Inflectional vs. d​​erivational

Morphemes can also be divided into inflectional or derivational morphemes.

Inflectional morphemes change what a word does in terms of grammar, but does not create a new word.

For example, the word <skip> has many forms: skip (base form), skipping (present progressive), skipped (past tense).

The inflectional morphemes -ing and -ed are added to the base word skip, to indicate the tense of the word.

If a word has an inflectional morpheme, it is still the same word, with a few suffixes added. So if you looked up <skip> in the dictionary, then only the base word <skip> would get its own entry into the dictionary. Skipping and skipped are listed under skip, as they are inflections of the base word. Skipping and skipped do not get their own dictionary entry.

Skip

Another example is <run>: run (base form), running (present progressive), ran (past tense). In this example the past tense marker changes the vowel of the word: run (rhymes with fun), to ran (rhymes with can). However, the inflectional morphemes -ing and past tense morpheme are added to the base word <run>, and are listed in the same dictionary entry.

Run

Derivational morphemes are different to inflectional morphemes, as they do derive/create a new word, which gets its own entry in the dictionary. Derivational morphemes help us to create new words out of base words.

For example, we can create new words from <act> by adding derivational prefixes (e.g. re- en-) and suffixes (e.g. -or).

Thus out of <act> we can get re+act = react en+act = enact act+or = actor.

Whenever a derivational morpheme is added, a new word (and dictionary entry) is derived/created.

For the <act> example, the following dictionary entries can be found:

Act

React

Enact

Actor

Teachers should highlight and encourage students to analyse both Inflectional and Derivational morphemes when focussing on phonics, vocabulary, and comprehension.

For more information, see: 

Prefixes, suffixes, and roots/bases

Many morphemes are very helpful for analysing unfamiliar words. Morphemes can be divided into prefixes, suffixes, and roots/bases.

• Prefixes are morphemes that attach to the front of a root/base word.
• Suffixes are morphemes that attach to the end of a root/base word, or to other suffixes (see example below)
• Roots/Base words are morphemes that form the base of a word, and usually carry its meaning.
  • Generally, base words are free morphemes, that can stand by themselves (e.g. cycle as in bicycle/cyclist, and form as in transform/formation).
  • Whereas root words are bound morphemes that cannot stand by themselves (e.g. -ject as in subject/reject, and -volve as in evolve/revolve).

Most morphemes can be divided into:

• Anglo-Saxon Morphemes (like re-, un-, and -ness);
• Latin Morphemes (like non-, ex-, -ion, and -ify); and
• Greek Morphemes (like micro, photo, graph).

It is useful to highlight how words can be broken down into morphemes (and which each of these mean) and how they can be built up again).

For example, the word <unreliability> may be unfamiliar to students when they first encounter it.

If <unreliability> is broken into its morphemes, students can deduce or infer the meaning.

So it is helpful for both reading and spelling to provide opportunities to analyse words, and become familiar with common morphemes, including their meaning and function.

Compound words

Compound words (or compounds) are created by joining free morphemes together. Remember that a free morpheme is a morpheme that can stand along as its own word (unlike bound morphemes — e.g. -ly, -ed, re-, pre-). Compounds are a fun and accessible way to introduce the idea that words can have multiple parts (morphemes). Teachers can highlight that these compound words are made up of two separate words joined together to make a new word. For example dog + house = doghouse

Examples

Example activities of highlighting morphemes for phonics, vocabulary, and comprehension

There are numerous ways to highlight morphemes for the purpose of phonics, vocabulary and comprehension activities and lessons.

Highlighting the morphology of words is useful for explaining phonics patterns (graphemes) and spelling rules, as well as discovering the meanings of unfamiliar words, and demonstrating how words are linked together. Highlighting and analysing morphemes is also useful, therefore, for providing comprehension strategies.

Examples of how to embed morphological awareness into literacy activities can include:

• Sorting words by base/root words (word families), or by prefixes or suffixes
• Word Detective — Students break longer words down into their prefixes, suffixes, and base words
• e.g. Find the morphemes in multi-morphemic words like: dissatisfied unstoppable ridiculously hydrophobic metamorphosis oxygenate fortifications
• Word Builder — students are given base words and prefixes/suffixes and see how many words they can build, and what meaning they might have:
• Prefixes: un- de- pre- re- co- con-
  Base Words: play help flex bend blue sad sat
  Suffixes: -ful -ly -less -able/-ible -ing -ion -y -ish -ness -ment
• Etymology investigation — students are given multi-morphemic words from texts they have been reading and are asked to research the origins (etymology) of the word. Teachers could use words like progressive, circumspect, revocation, and students could find out the morphemes within each word, their etymology, meanings, and use.

​

What is a morpheme example?

How many morphemes are in the word carrot?

How many morphemes are in water?

How many morphemes are there in computer?

How many morphemes are in the word monster?

How many morphemes are in a word?

How many morphemes are in the word pumpernickel?

How many morphemes in the word goes?

How many morphemes in the word jumped?

What do morphemes include?

How many morphemes are in the word catsup?

How many morphemes are in the word unhappiness?

Which word has the most morphemes?

How many morphemes are in the word everybody?

How many morphemes are in a burger?

How do you write a morpheme?

What are common morphemes?

How many morphemes are in the word doghouse?

Is bicycle a free morpheme?

What are the four types of morphemes?

What are the 5 morphemes?

What is a grammatical morpheme?

According
to the number of morphemes words are classified into monomorphic
and polymorphic.

Monomorphic
or
root-words consist of only one root-morpheme, e.g., small,
dog, make, give, etc.
All polymorphic
words according to the number of root-morphemes are classified into
two subgroups: monoradical or root words and polyradical words, i.e.,
words which consist of two or more roots.

Monoradical
words fall into two subtypes: 1) radical-suffixal
words, i.e., words that consist of one root-morpheme and one or more
suffixal morphemes, e.g., acceptable,
acceptability, blackish; 2)
radical-prefixal
words, i.e., words that consist of one root-morpheme and a prefixal
morpheme, e.g. outdo,
rearrange, unbutton; and
3) prefixo-radical-suffixal,
i.e., words which consist of one root, a prefixal and suffixal
morphemes, e.g., disagreeable,
misinterpretation.

Polyradical
words
fall into two subtypes: 1) polyradical words which consist of two or
more roots with no affixational morphemes, e.g., book-stand,
eye-ball,
lamp-shade; and
2) words which contain at least two roots and one or more
affixational morphemes, e.g., safety-pin,
wedding-pie, class-
consciousness,
light-mindedness, pen-holder.

1. Derivational and morphemic levels of analysis

The
morphemic
analysis
of words only defines the constituent morphemes, determining their
types and their meaning but does not reveal the hierarchy of the
morphemes comprising the word.

Morphemes
are arranged according to certain rules, the arrangement differing in
various types of words and particular groups within the same types.
The pattern of morpheme arrangement underlies the classification of
words into different types and enables one to understand how new
words appear in the language. These relations within the word and the
interrelations between different types and classes of words are known
as derivative
or word- formation relations.

The
analysis of derivative relations aims at establishing a correlation
between different types and the structural patterns words are built
on. The basic unit at the derivational level is the stem.The stem is
defined as that part of the word which remains unchanged throughout
its paradigm, thus the stem which appears in the paradigm (to) ask (
), asks,
asked, asking is ask-; thestem
of the word singer (
), singer’s,
singers, singers’ is singer-. 

1. Morphemic
   word classification

1. Word
   formation in Modern English

Word
formation is a branch of science of the language which studies the
patterns on which a language forms new lexical items (new unities,
new words). Word formation is a process of forming words by
combining root
& affixal morphemes.

Different
types of word formation:

—
COMPOUNDING is joining together 2 or more stems.
Types: 1) without
a connecting element (headache, heartbreak); 2) with a vowel or
consonant as a linking element (speedometer, craftsman); 3) with a
preposition or conjunction as a linking element down-and-out
(опустошенный)
son-in-law.
— PREFIXATION Prefixes are such particles that can be
prefixed to full words. But are themselves not with independent
existence.
— SUFFIXATION A suffix is a derivative final element
which is or was productive in forming new words. It has semantic
value, but doesn’t occur as an independent speech use.
—
CONVERSION (zero derivation) A certain stem is used for the formation
of a categorically different word without a derivative element being
added.(Bag – to bag)
— BACK DERIVATION is deraving a new word,
which is morphologically simpler from a more complex word.  ( A
babysitter – to babysit     Television – to
televise)
— PHONETIC SYMBOLISM is using characteristic speech
sounds for name giving. Very often we imitate by the speech sounds
what we hear: (tinkle, splash, t).
— CLIPPING Consists in the
reduction of a word to one of its parts.     (
Mathematics – maths)
— BLENDING is blending part of two words to
form one word  ( Smoke + fog = smog)

1. Morphological
   structure of a word. Productive and non-productive ways of word
   formation.

Morphology
is the study of the structure and form of words in language or a
language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of
compounds. At the basic level, words are made of «morphemes.»
These are the smallest units of meaning: roots and affixes (prefixes
and suffixes). Native speakers recognize the morphemes as
grammatically significant or meaningful. For example, «schoolyard»
is made of «school» + «yard», «makes»
is made of «make» + a grammatical suffix «-s»,
and «unhappiness» is made of «happy» with a
prefix «un-» and a suffix «-ness».

Inflection
occurs when a word has different forms but essentially the same
meaning, and there is only a grammatical difference between them: for
example, «make» and «makes». The «-s»
is an inflectional morpheme.

In
contrast, derivation makes a word with a clearly different meaning:
such as «unhappy» or «happiness», both from
«happy». The «un-» and «-ness» are
derivational morphemes. Normally a dictionary would list derived
words, but there is no need to list «makes» in a dictionary
as well as «make.»

Word-formation
is the process of creating new words from the material available in
the word-stock according to certain structural and semantic patterns
specific for the given language. There are different ways of
word-formation in Modern English. Some of them are highly-productive.
They are: affixation, conversion, substantivation, compounding,
shortening, formation of phrasal verbs. Others are semi-productive
(back-formation, blending, reduplication, lexicalization of the
plural of nouns, sound imitation) and non-productive ways of
word-building (sound interchange, change of stress).

Non-productive
ways of word-building Sound interchange (gradation) is the process in
which word belonging to different parts of speech may be
differentiated due to the sound interchange in the root, eg food (n)
:: feed (v), gold (n) :: gild (v), sing (v) :: song (n) .Change of
stress is mostly observed in verb-noun pairs, eg transport> to
transport and much more seldom in verb-adjective pairs, to prostrate>
prostrate. The difference in stress often appeared after the verb was
formed and was not therefore connected with the formation of the new
word.

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]

• #
• #
• #
• #
• #
• #
• #
• #
• #
• #
• #

Note: . Anagrams are meaningful words made after rearranging all the letters of the word.
Search More words for viewing how many words can be made out of them
Note
There are 3 vowel letters and 6 consonant letters in the word morphemes. M is 13th, O is 15th, R is 18th, P is 16th, H is 8th, E is 5th, S is 19th, Letter of Alphabet series.

Wordmaker is a website which tells you how many words you can make out of any given word in english language. we have tried our best to include every possible word combination of a given word. Its a good website for those who are looking for anagrams of a particular word. Anagrams are words made using each and every letter of the word and is of the same length as original english word. Most of the words meaning have also being provided to have a better understanding of the word. A cool tool for scrabble fans and english users, word maker is fastly becoming one of the most sought after english reference across the web.

Morphology is the study of words, word formation, and the relationship between words. In Morphology, we look at morphemes — the smallest lexical items of meaning. Studying morphemes helps us to understand the meaning, structure, and etymology (history) of words.

Inflectional affixes only modify the meaning of words instead of changing them. This means they modify the words by making them plural, comparative or superlative, or by changing the verb tense.

Word class	Modification reason	Suffixes
To modify nouns	Plural & possessive forms	-s (or -es), -‘s (or s’)
To modify adjectives	Comparative & superlative forms	-er, -est
To modify verbs	3rd person singular, past tense, present & past participles	-s, -ed, -ing, -en

In English, regular verbs use the past tense morpheme -ed; this shows us that the verb happened in the past. The pronunciation of this morpheme changes its sound according to the last consonant of the verb but always keeps its past tense function. This is an example of an allomorph.