Word with latin roots - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

The English language uses many Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes. These roots are listed alphabetically on three pages:

Greek and Latin roots from A to G
Greek and Latin roots from H to O
Greek and Latin roots from P to Z.

Some of those used in medicine and medical technology are listed in the List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes.

External linksEdit

List of Latin Derivatives
Index of Latin and Greek Roots from the University of Alberta

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In English grammar, a root is a word or portion of a word from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. By learning root words, you can decipher unfamiliar words, expand your vocabulary, and become a better English speaker.

The Roots of Words

Most words in the English language are based on words from ancient Greek and Latin. The root of the word «vocabulary,» for example, is voc, a Latin root meaning «word» or «name.» This root also appears in such words as «advocacy,» «convocation,» «evocative,» «vocal,» and «vowel.» By dissecting words such as these, etymologists can study how a word has evolved over time and tell us about the cultures they came from.

In some cases, root words might be slightly transformed en route to becoming part of words that we’re familiar with. In the above example, «vowel» is a word that’s clearly related to the voc root and its family of derivative words, and yet the «c» in «voc» is not present. There are several reasons for this sort of pattern, and the changes often depend on what language each individual word comes from, but it serves as a reminder that not every word with the same root will look exactly the same.

Root words are also useful for creating new words, especially in technology and medicine, where new innovations occur frequently. Think of the Greek root word tele, which means «far,» and inventions that traverse long distances, such as the telegraph, telephone, and television. The word «technology» itself is a combination of two other Greek root words, techne, meaning «skill» or «art,» and logos, or «study.»

Because several modern languages share some of the same ancestor languages, it’s not entirely uncommon for several related languages to share root words. For instance, the Latin root voc, described above, is shared by several Romance languages. Connections between languages can be found in the shared roots between them, although one always has to be wary of false cognates — that is, words that sound like they have the same roots (and thus related meanings) but actually don’t.

Greek Root Words

The table below defines and illustrates 25 of the most common Greek roots.

Root	Meaning	Examples
anti	against	antibacterial, antidote, antithesis
ast(er)	star	asteroid, astronomy, astronaut
auto	self	automatic, automate, autobiograph
biblio	book	bibliography, bibliophile
bio	life	biography, biology, biodegradable
chrome	color	monochromatic, phytochrome
chrono	time	chronic, synchronize, chronicle
dyna	power	dynasty, dynamic, dynamite
geo	earth	geography, geology, geometry
gno	to know	agnostic, acknowledge
graph	write	autograph, graphic, demographic
hydr	water	dehydrate, hydrant, hydropower
kinesis	movement	kinetic, photokinesis
log	thought	logic, apologize, analogy
logos	word, study	astrology, biology, theologian
narc	sleep	narcotic, narcolepsy
path	feel	empathy, pathetic, apathy
phil	love	philosophy, bibliophile, philanthropy
phon	sound	microphone, phonograph, telephone
photo	light	photograph, photocopy, photon
schem	plan	scheme, schematic
syn	together, with	synthetic, photosynthesis
tele	far	telescope, telepathy, television
tropos	turning	heliotrope, tropical

Latin Root Words

The table below defines and illustrates 25 of the most common Latin roots.

Root	Meaning	Examples
ab	to move away	abstract, abstain, aversion
acer, acri	bitter	acrid, acrimony, exacerbate
aqu	water	aquarium, aquatic, aqualung
audi	hear	audible, audience, auditorium
bene	good	benefit, benign, benefactor
brev	short	abbreviate, brief
circ	round	circus, circulate
dict	say	dictate, edict, dictionary
doc	teach	document, docile, doctrinal
duc	lead, make	deduce, produce, educate
fund	bottom	founder, foundation, funding
gen	to birth	gene, generate, generous
hab	to have	ability, exhibit, inhabit
jur	law	jury, justice, justify
lev	to lift	levitate, elevate, leverage
luc, lum	light	lucid, illuminate, translucent
manu	hand	manual, manicure, manipulate
mis, mit	send	missile, transmit, permit
omni	all	omnivorous, omnipotent, omniscent
pac	peace	pacify, pacific, pacifist
port	carry	export, import, important
quit	silent, restive	tranquil, requiem, acquit
scrib, script	to write	script, proscribe, describe
sens	to feel	sensitive, sentient, resent
terr	earth	terrain, territory, extraterrestrial
tim	to fear	timid, timorous
vac	empty	vacuum, vacate, evacuate
vid, vis	to see	video, vivid, invisible

Understanding the meanings of the common word roots can help us deduce the meanings of new words that we encounter. But be careful: root words can have more than one meaning as well as various shades of meaning. In addition, words that look similar may derive from different roots.

In addition, a handful of root words can stand on their own as whole words in and of themselves. This list includes words such as photo, kinesis, chrome, port, and script. Words like this tend to have related meanings on their own, then can also act as roots for longer, more complex words.

Sources

Bryant, Alice, and Robbins, Jill. «Grow Your Vocabulary by Learning Root Words.» VOANews.com, 28 November 2017.
Grammarly staff. «Why You Should Learn Roots.» Grammarly.com, 6 February 2016.
McCammon, Ellen. «50 GRE Words You Should Know.» PrepScholar.com, 8 February 2017.

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The English language contains over one million words, most of which the average speaker will never even know. Stacker identified the 50 most important Latin roots to help English speakers better comprehend the extensive English lexicon.

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Anyone who has ever studied a stack of GRE vocabulary words or invested in a word-a-day calendar to try to expand their lexicon can attest to the fact that the English language is incredibly expansive. Data has shown that the average adult knows somewhere around 40,000 words in total, and that includes active (i.e., regularly used) and passive (i.e., familiar, but not utilized) vocabulary. Put that number up against the more than one million total words in the English language, and it becomes clear that the percentage of terms in English speakers’ everyday rotation is only a small fraction of the English language as a whole.

Looking at the sheer volume of the English vocabulary, one thing that helps make sense of the words is the notable patterns that emerge in light of its etymological roots; particularly, its Latin roots. Though Latin itself has often been referred to as a dead language, it is very much alive in the 80% of English terms that are borrowed directly from the ancient language and the over 60% of English words that have roots in Latin and Greek. In the same way that a new reader may try to sound out a word phonetically, looking at English through the lens of Latin etymology allows us to obtain a new grasp on the language, such that we can more actively deduce the meanings of unfamiliar words. This is the secret behind amazing spellers at the Bee!

To identify key linguistic elements from Latin that appear throughout the English language today, Stacker sorted through educational resources and online databases and compiled a list of 50 important Latin roots that shape the English language as we know it. Read on to get a better understanding of how some of the words you use regularly—and a few perhaps you’ve never seen before—all share a common foundation in Latin.

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Ann

– Meaning in English: Yearly

The Latin root “ann”—which means “yearly”—can be found in countless words that reference events and occurrences that happen on a yearly basis. For example, an anniversary celebration marks the passing of another year of a relationship, a business, or a birthday. Then there are yearly events that are characterized as annual, such as award ceremonies (e.g., the Academy Awards), sporting events (e.g., Super Bowl), and holidays (e.g., Halloween).

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Aqu

– Meaning in English: Water, sea

Whether it’s being used in reference to a color such as aqua, a blueish-green hue, or to describe sea life, i.e., aquatic, the Latin root “aqu” is familiar in its relationship to water and large bodies of water. The mainstream familiarity of the Latin root was on full display in the 2006 coming-of-age film “Aquamarine,” where the titular character is a mermaid washed ashore.

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Audi

– Meaning in English: Hearing, listening, sound

Those who prefer the convenience of listening to their books rather than reading them may recognize this Latin root from the name of Audible, Amazon’s audiobook and entertainment platform. The root also makes an appearance in the English terms audience, as in a group of people gathered together to listen to or receive a performance, and auditorium, the room in which said audience sits to listen.

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Bene

– Meaning in English: Good

Derived from a Latin term meaning “well,” bene is most commonly used as a prefix in the English language. The word benign means harmless or favorable, and in pathology is used to describe a condition that is not life-threatening. A benefit is something that is considered favorable or advantageous, and the term can also be used to describe a charitable event. A benefactor gives help to a person or a cause. Perhaps the most famous example of a benefactor is Miss Havisham from “Great Expectations” by Charles Dickens.

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Bi

– Meaning in English: Two

The Latin prefix “bi” means two, as does the closely related, Greek-derived prefix “di.” A bifurcation describes the act of something splitting off into two distinct branches. In anatomy, the bicep is a muscle of the arm that runs between the shoulder and the elbow, so-named because it splits off into two branches where the muscle connects at the scapula. The word bicep translates to “two-headed muscle of the arm.”

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Bibl

– Meaning in English: Book

The Latin root “bibl” may sooner remind college students of having to create bibliographies—detailed lists of the books and sources referenced in academic work—than anything else. However, the root’s connection to the English language has a far deeper history: “bibl” is also the root for the name of the Bible, the collection of Judeo-Christian texts and scripture.

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Cent

– Meaning in English: Hundred

The term “cent” likely conjures up thoughts of money—i.e., dollars and cents—before anything else, but that ties back perfectly to the Latin root from which the term comes. One cent is 1/100th of a dollar. Pennies aside, the Latin root also makes an appearance in terms like “century” and “centennial,” which pertain to 100-year timespans and a hundredth anniversary, respectively.

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Circum

– Meaning in English: Around

The Latin root “circum”—meaning “around”—appears in terms like “circumnavigate,” which is the act of traveling all the way around something. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan is remembered for successfully circumnavigating the globe in the early 16th century. This root also appears in terms like “circumvent,” which describes the act of getting around a problem, and “circumstance,” which pairs this root with another Latin root—“stance,” meaning “stand”—to reference a situation that focuses on a core cause.

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Civ

– Meaning in English: Citizen

“Civility” is characterized by respect towards others, and “civics,” which refers to the infrastructure in place that is intended to facilitate civility, are both rooted in the Latin “civ,” meaning “citizen.” The root also makes an appearance in the name of the Honda Civic, a car that––as the brand puts it––is meant to improve the lives of citizens.

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Clar

– Meaning in English: Clear

The term “clarity”—which comes from the Latin root “clar,” meaning “clear”—is the property of being both pure and clean, as well as being lucid and coherent. The root has seen a variety of modern uses alluding to its Latin translation, including the brand Clarisonic, a beauty company that develops products meant to provide clearer-looking skin, and Claritin, an allergy medication that promises clarity and relief from chronic allergies.

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Cred

– Meaning in English: Believe

Credibility is the characteristic of being believable, and it’s a term that comes from the Latin root “cred,” meaning “believe.” While the term may appear in the case of legal proceedings—e.g., a court case requires credible witnesses—it also ties into the idea of credit and credit cards. Since credit cards work by allowing users to acquire items before paying for them in full, they operate on a system of trust and good faith—belief, essentially—that payments will be made in full at a later time.

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Dict

– Meaning in English: Say/speak

The Latin root “dict” appears in words like dictate, meaning to read something aloud; dictation, the act of speaking aloud with the intention of having your words recorded or transcribed; and predict, the act of stating something that will happen before it actually happens. Of all the instances in which “dict” appears in the English language, though, one of the most important may be the dictionary, which offers a comprehensive guide to all of the officially-recognized words in the English language. Some of the most respected and trusted dictionaries in the U.S. include the Oxford English Dictionary, Collins English Dictionary, and Merriam-Webster.

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Ex

– Meaning in English: Out

The Latin root “ex” means “out,” while related roots, including “exter” and “extrem,” offer additional variations of the same translation. The word extreme, for example, may refer to something that falls out of a normal expected range, as was the case with weather extremities, including record rainfall and high/low daily temperatures across the U.S. in 2019, which broke more than 120,000 records across the country. Fract

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Fract

– Meaning in English: Break

The Latin “fract” is closely related to fellow Latin roots “frang,” “fring,” and “frag,” all of which mean “break.” A few of its familiar appearances may include infringe, as in the breaking of a legal agreement or violation of copyright, and fragment, a small piece of an item that has been broken. The root also appears in the word fragile, which can be used to describe items that are easily breakable.

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Inter

– Meaning in English: Between

The premise of the film “Interstellar” starring Matthew McConaughey is that a NASA physicist travels the universe via a wormhole in a quest to find a new home for mankind. The plot––and the flick’s title––reference the Latin root “inter,” meaning “between,” as McConaughey’s character essentially travels between cosmic stars. This root also appears in terms like international, which may refer to travel or political relations between nations, and interpersonal, which may refer to communication happening between different people (as opposed to intrapersonal, which uses the Latin root meaning “within”).

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Jur

– Meaning in English: Law

Legal systems are intended to act as a source of order and justice in society, and it turns out that a lot of the legal terminology that we’re familiar with today stems from the Latin “jur”—as well as the related roots “jus” and “judic”—meaning “law.” This includes the word jury, as in the body of citizens meant to come to a verdict in legal cases; judicial, as in something pertaining to the court or judge; and justice, as in fairness.

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Lax

– Meaning in English: Not tense

There are a number of ways that someone may choose to relax—yoga, unwinding with a good book, taking a bath, etc. Regardless of the method, the practice of relaxation just comes down to letting go of stress and releasing tension. The root origin of the term—the Latin “lax,” meaning “not tense”—is echoed in this way. The root also appears in the word laxative, which describes an agent used to relieve constipation by reducing tension in the bowels.

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Liber

– Meaning in English: Free

Liberty—which is defined as freedom from oppression in regards to one’s belief systems and way of life—is a fundamental tenet on which democracy is built. As for the Latin word “liber,” this is a fundamental root from which the term “liberty” stems. Further examples of “liber” in mainstream English language include the words liberate and liberation.

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Lumin

– Meaning in English: Light

This Latin root meaning “light” appears in a number of common English words including luminous, which means that something is bright and shining. However, the Latin root has seen several linguistic iterations that go beyond these everyday terms as well, including brand names such as Luminary, a podcast streaming platform that may be considered to be bringing new and creative ideas “to light,” and fictional terms such as “lumos maxima,” the incantation used in the “Harry Potter” universe to generate a bright flash of light.

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Magn

– Meaning in English: Big, great

The Latin root “magn,” meaning “big” or “great,” can be used either in reference to something physically large in size or something that big in its presence, such that it’s striking. In regular use today, the root appears in words like magnificent, which simply refers to something that’s amazing or awe-inspiring, and magnitude, which is used to characterize the large size or impact of something (e.g., a 3.2 magnitude earthquake).

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Mal

– Meaning in English: Bad

“Mal” is a Latin root meaning “bad,” and appears in such English terms as malicious, which is defined as having the intention to cause harm, as well as malevolent, which combines this root with another Latin root “volent,” which means “wishing.” Mal is defined as wishing evil or ill will upon another. Perhaps one of the most common pop culture affiliations with the root is “Maleficent,” the Disney film starring Angelina Jolie as the villainous fairy known for cursing Sleeping Beauty.

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Migr

– Meaning in English: Wander

This Latin root is perhaps most prevalent in its connection to current events. Namely, “migr”—meaning “wander”—appears in the terms immigration and migrant, both of which have become majorly familiar in the collective consciousness as a result of such issues as the European migrant crisis as well as the U.S. border crisis and questions surrounding the country’s immigration policies.

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Multi

– Meaning in English: Many

There are a multitude of examples in the English language of the Latin root “multi,” meaning “many,” in use (with multitude being one of them). The root is perhaps most notable for its role in arithmetic, as it occurs in multiplication, which is a mathematical process for growing a number in size and count. The root also appears in the title of the 1996 comedy “Multiplicity,” which stars Michael Keaton as a man who clones himself numerous times to manage the demands of his day-to-day life.

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Neg

– Meaning in English: Say no

The Latin root “neg” appears in English words that are defined by a lack of positive or affirmative response. For example, the word negate means that something is being nullified or shut down, or, it’s being “said no to,” essentially. Negativity, a quality often associated with pessimism and naysaying, is another example of the root in action.

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Non

– Meaning in English: Not

When something is described as nonsensical, it means that it doesn’t make sense. When something or someone is characterized as noncommittal, it means that they won’t commit. These words—along with others that include “non” as a prefix—pull from the Latin root’s definition meaning “not.” It’s important to keep in mind that the line between “non” and “un” can get a little troublesome when navigating common vocabulary. For example, while unprofessional refers to behavior that isn’t professional, nonprofessional refers to lines of work that don’t require professional training.

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Nov

– Meaning in English: New

The allure of novels comes from their imaginative stories that can take readers away from the ordinary and mundane. A novel concept or innovative idea is characterized by offering something fresh and new, which all ties back to the Latin root “nov.”

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Ov

– Meaning in English: Egg

While there are some English words beginning with “ov” that don’t tie back to this Latin root such as “oven,” which actually comes from Germanic origins, there are others that reference the root’s original definition: “egg.” Examples include oval, as in the egg-like shape, and ovary, as in the female reproductive organ that produces eggs.

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Pre

– Meaning in English: Before

“Pre” is a Latin-derived prefix that clarifies chronological order by signifying that something came before something else. For example, predict means that you talk about something happening before it actually happens. The word preliminary is another example and means that something occurs prior to something else in preparation for the main event. Of course, “pre” also occurs in the word prefix itself, which by definition is a grammatical add-on to the beginning of a word—i.e., it comes “before” the original word—that changes its meaning.

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Prim

– Meaning in English: First

In addition to words that reflect this root’s origins in its most literal sense such as primary, primordial, and primitive, there are also words derived from this Latin root that more loosely mean best-in-class, or top-tier. One such example is the word prime, most commonly used in reference to Amazon Prime, the membership service that provides expedited shipping and a catalog of member-only streaming content for Amazon customers.

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Proxim

– Meaning in English: Nearness

When one makes an approximation of something, they’re making an educated guess about the count, measurement, or quantity of something based on information that allows them to come close—though maybe not exact—to the correct value. This word, along with others like proximity or proximal, comes from the Latin root “proxim,” meaning nearness.

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Ques

– Meaning in English: Seek

A Latin root that means “to seek” or “to look for,” “ques” appears in a number of words that English speakers use on a daily basis. Besides the very literal quest, which basically refers to a long search for something, there are also the terms question and request, both of which attempt to elicit some kind of response, information, or action.

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Re

– Meaning in English: Again, backward

This Latin root is one that could refer to something happening over and over again, as is the case with such words as repeat or recur. It may also, however, be used to reference something that moves backward by being withdrawn, as is the case with the words renege and revert.

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Retro

– Meaning in English: Backward, behind

Retro has been a standalone word since the mid-1970s when it started getting used in reference to fashion nostalgia. Before that, though, the word existed in the Latin vocabulary as a prefix meaning “backward” or “behind.” Of all the words that include the prefix—e.g., retrogress, retroactive, retrospective—one of the most familiar nowadays may be retrograde, as in Mercury Retrograde (when Mercury appears to be moving backward in its orbit).

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San

– Meaning in English: Healthy

This Latin root appears throughout the English language in a few different ways. For starters, it has a very literal and practical application in words like sanitize and sanitary, which simply refer to the eradication of bacteria so as to make something healthier and safer. However, the same root also occurs in the term sanity—and the opposite, insanity—which refers to mental health.

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Sci

– Meaning in English: Know

The Latin root “sci” (meaning “know”) has a few different roles in English. For one, it can refer to the actual act of knowing things, as is the case with terms like omniscience (meaning all-knowing), conscience (knowing right from wrong), and prescience (knowing things before they happen). Beyond that, “sci” also ties into the accumulation of knowledge, as it is a key root in the term science and is thus connected to all scientific branches (formal, natural, and social sciences).

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Scrib

– Meaning in English: Write

While a young child’s doodles on a piece of paper might be dismissed as nothing but a little scribble, it turns out that scribble has some roots in the Latin language. The root “scrib” actually means “write,” and appears in such terms as transcribe, the act of copying down words from a recording or dictation, and describe, the act of writing down (or saying) what something looks, feels, tastes, sounds, or smells like.

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Semi

– Meaning in English: Half

The Latin root “semi” (meaning “half”) is central to a lot of the traditions that we consider to be commonplace. For example, there’s the idea of a semi-final, where two sports teams face off in a match directly before the final and only one—such as half of the two teams—moves on to the final. A lot of brands, most notably, Victoria’s Secret, are also known for having semi-annual sales: one at the start of the year in January and one around the half-way mark in June.

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Senti

– Meaning in English: Feel

The Latin root “senti,” which is also close to the root “sens,” means “feel”—which is evident when looking at the English terms that have stemmed from the original root. The root is at the heart of our sensory system, which allows us to feel and experience things through our different senses. The classic book “Sense and Sensibility” by Jane Austen interestingly juxtaposes two words that stem from this same Latin root in its title; here, sense is the ability to act with sound judgment and without being overly emotional, while sensibility refers to the ability to act from the heart or with feelings as a guide.

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Soci

– Meaning in English: Group

In the most basic sense, the Latin root “soci” appears in the term society, which is very literally a group of people who coexist in some capacity, whether they’re connected by a common government, neighborhood, or even just common interests (e.g., the National Audubon Society). This Latin root is also at the core of one of the biggest trends to have shaped modern culture: social media and the rise of platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Snapchat.

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Sol

– Meaning in English: Alone

While social networks bring people together—even if only virtually—togetherness isn’t always the name of the game. “Sol,” the Latin root for “alone,” is also a big player in the English language, and is used in words that refer to loneliness or lack of connection. For example, solitude and isolation are two words that pull from the root, as is the name for Solitaire, the computer card game meant to be played solo.

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Sub

– Meaning in English: Under

When The Beatles released “Yellow Submarine,” they may not have realized that they were incorporating some Latin-based lyrics in their hit song. “Sub” is the Latin root meaning “under,” and beyond showing up in the name of the underwater warship, the root also occurs in terms like submerge, which is the act of putting something underwater. The New York City subway system also employs the Latin root for the name of its network of underground trains and tracks.

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Surg

– Meaning in English: Rise

Not to be confused with the root for surgery, which comes from the Greek words meaning “hand work,” the Latin “surg” means “rise.” For example, there’s been a “resurgence”: This combines the Latin root “re” with “surg”. Anyone who has attempted to call an Uber during rush hour or an “extreme” (if we’re using Latin) rainstorm is also likely familiar with the phenomenon of surge pricing, where rates increase as a result of heightened demand.

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Tempor

– Meaning in English: Time

Musicians understand that tempo is the speed of a song’s underlying beat, and thus that the tempo helps determine the timing of a piece of music. For those less musically-inclined, however, this Latin root may feel more familiar in words like temporary, meaning something that only lasts for a given period of time, and contemporary, meaning that something is of the current time.

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Test

– Meaning in English: Witness

Though the term “test” is a word on its own, the Latin root “test” is unrelated to the term meaning exam. Instead, the Latin here means “witness,” as in testimony, where someone shares their account of what they saw in a court trial. Legal proceedings aside, the root also appears in the word testament, which reflects a reliable account of something, such that it can be used as evidence to make a point.

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Trans

– Meaning in English: Across

English terms that include the root “trans” are generally referring to something that has traversed a physical or imaginary border in some way. For example, the first trans-Atlantic flight was completed in 1919 by Charles Lindbergh when he spent 34 hours traveling from New York to Paris. A common use of the root is also in reference to transgender individuals, whose gender identity does not align with their birth sex.

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Vac

– Meaning in English: Empty

The Latin root “vac” appears in several highly-used English words, including what may be a collective favorite: “vacation.” Unlike certain terms that have a more literal tie to this root’s definition––e.g., “vacancy” means there are empty rooms in a space, “vacate” means emptying out a space, etc.––“vacation” is more of a loose derivative of the root, alluding to an empty schedule.

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Vag

– Meaning in English: Wander

Of the Latin roots on this list, “vag” is one of the more unique in that it has a few different derivative words that reflect the term in unique ways. For example, while vagabond is a pretty literal extension of the Latin root, one of the other common derivative words—vague—reflects the meaning of the Latin root in a less direct way (i.e., it alludes to ideological “wandering” from the main topic).

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Ver

– Meaning in English: True

“Ver” is one of the more common Latin roots to appear in the English language. There are some terms that include the root—verdict and veracity—that may be less frequently utilized in everyday jargon, but that’s hardly the case with one of the most popular words that stems from this root: very. Whenever something is described as very soft, for example, the intention of the speaker is to communicate that something is “truly” soft.

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Vid

– Meaning in English: See, visual

While videotapes might have become obsolete, this Latin root, meaning “see,” is still kept alive in plenty of other key terms in the English language. One of the biggest, of course, is video, and though people’s sources of video entertainment have changed over the years, their affinity for it certainly has it. According to recent data, people watch an average of 16 hours of online video per week.

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Uni

– Meaning in English: One

This root, meaning “one,” is incredibly prevalent throughout the English language. It appears in a wide range of words, including unicorn (a one-horned mythical horse), unity (one entity), uniform (one outfit), unicycle (one-wheeled bike), and unibrow (one eyebrow).

This article originally appeared on Stacker.com. The article has been re-published pursuant to a CC BY-NC 4.0 License.

I’m an Irish tutor and founder of TPR Teaching. I started teaching in 2016 and have since taught in the UK, Spain, and online.

I love learning new things about the English language and how to teach it better. I’m always trying to improve my knowledge, so I can better meet the needs of others!

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Источник

Did you know that the English language is made up of many words derived from other languages? In fact, over 60% of English words are derived from Latin, French, and Greek. This article will explore Latin roots, suffixes, and prefixes. Not sure what they are? No worries, we will look at a definition of each of these terms, along with some examples and English words that use them.

Latin Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes Definition

It’s important to be aware of what roots, prefixes, and suffixes are, as they all help to determine the meaning of words. If you haven’t heard of these terms before, here are some definitions and examples:

Roots Definition

A root (also known as a base) refers to the core form of a word. It has a distinct meaning and can make sense on its own.

An example of a root word is ‘child.’ This word makes sense on its own and has its own definition. Nothing has been added to it.

A root carries most of a word’s meaning. Once you learn the root of a word, you will be able to construct new words. For example, take the verb ‘slow.’ This is a root word. You can add ‘ly’ to the end to turn it into the adverb ‘slowly.’ The ending ‘ly’ is known as a suffix.

Here’s a definition of suffix:

Suffix Definition

A suffix refers to a letter or group of letters added to the end of a root word to create a new meaning. Suffixes can be added to a root word for a variety of reasons, such as:

1. To change tense

Take the root word ‘paint‘ (e.g., I paint a picture). To change this to the past tense, you would add the ‘ed‘ suffix, which changes it to ‘painted.’

It is important to be aware that the grammar rules in English are not always consistent, and words are not always ‘regular.’ This means that the suffixes and prefixes added to words will not always be the same or follow the exact same pattern. For example, if you wanted to turn the verb ‘run‘ into the past tense, you would not add an ‘ed‘ suffix, as ‘runned‘ does not make grammatical sense. Instead, you would say ‘ran.’

2. To express plurality (more than one of something)

Take the singular root word ‘cup.’ If you want to make it plural, you would add the suffix ‘s‘ at the end, which changes it to ‘cups.’ This shows there is more than one cup.

The addition of ‘s/es‘ suffixes to create a plural does not always work… Take ‘sheep‘ as an example — the plural of ‘sheep‘ is still ‘sheep.’

3. To change the word class

Take the root word ‘agree’ (verb). To change this to an adjective, you would add the suffix ‘able,’ which changes it to ‘agreeable’ (adjective).

When ‘able‘ is used, sometimes letters from the root words get dropped. For example, adding ‘able‘ to the root ‘adore‘ does not make it ‘adoreable‘ — instead, it’s ‘adorable.’

Prefix Definition

A prefix refers to a letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a root word to create a new meaning. Prefixes can be used for a couple of reasons, including:

1. To negate a word (make the meaning negative)

Take the root word ‘legal.’ To make this negative, you would add the prefix ‘il’, changing it to ‘illegal.’

Fig. 1 — Illegal has negative connotations, whereas legal has positive connotations.

Other prefixes used to create a negative meaning are:

in- (e.g., incorrect)
im- (e.g., impossible)
ir- (e.g., irresponsible)
un- (e.g., unimpressed)
dis- (e.g., disapprove)

2. To show repetition

Adding the ‘re‘ prefix to the root ‘do‘ creates the word ‘redo‘, which means to do something again/more than once.

Sometimes, prefixes can be hyphenated so as to not be misread or mispronounced. This is often the case if the last letter of the prefix and the first letter of the root word are the same. For example, the word ‘re-enter‘ is often written with a hyphen — otherwise, it may be pronounced as ‘reen-ter.’

Latin Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes Example

Let’s look at some examples of roots, suffixes, and prefixes derived from Latin. Did you know these words came from Latin?

Latin Roots Examples

Latin Root	Meaning
Audire	To hear
Pac	Peace
Mens	Mind
Annus	Year/yearly
Cavus	Hollow
Densus	Thick
Frater	Brother
Lingua	Language
Solus	Alone/only

Latin Suffixes Examples

Latin Suffix	Meaning
able/ible	capable/worthy of (used to form adjectives)
ation	used to turn verbs into nouns
ty/ity	used to turn adjectives into nouns
fy/ify	to cause/make/become (used to form verbs)
ment	used to turn verbs into nouns
ic/tic	used to create adjectives
ion	used to turn verbs into nouns
arium	A place associated with a specified thing.

Latin Prefixes Examples

Did you know the ‘pre’ in the word ‘prefix’ is a Latin prefix itself? It derives from the Latin ‘prae‘, which means ‘before/prior to.’

Latin Prefix	Meaning
co-	together
inter-	between
dis-	not/not any
sub-	under
pre-	before
post-	after
re-	again
de-	away/off
non-	not

Latin Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes Words

Now that you know some Latin roots, suffixes and prefixes, let’s take a look at some English words that use them!

We’ll begin with the Latin root words and the English words that use these roots:

Latin Roots and English Words

Latin Root	Used in English words
Audire (to hear)	audible, auditorium, auditory
Pac (peace)	pacifism, pacify
Mens (mind)	mental, mentality
Annus (year/yearly)	annual, anniversary
Cavus (hollow)	cave, cavity, excavation
Densus (thick)	dense, density, condense
Frater (brother)	fraternal, fraternity
Lingua (language)	linguistics, bilingual
Solus (alone/only)	solo, sole, desolate

Latin Suffixes and English Words

Latin suffix	English words
able/ible	predictable, accessible
ation	information, imagination
ty/ity	equality, loyalty
fy/ify	intensify, purify
ment	amazement, statement
ic/tic	romantic, academic
ion	collection, invention
arium	aquarium, planetarium

Latin Prefixes and English Words

Latin prefix	English words
co-	co-occur, co-operate
inter-	international, intertwine
dis-	discomfort, disbelief
sub-	subway, submarine
pre-	preconceive, preview
post-	post-war, post-natal
re-	rearrange, remake
de-	decompress, deactivate
non-	nonsense, non-verbal

The Influence of Latin on English

Why does English have so many Latin words? One important term to discuss is…

Loanwords

Loanwords are words that have been taken from one language and integrated into the vocabulary of another. This is often done when two countries/cultures come into close contact, usually due to migration, trade, and/or war between countries.

During the Roman Empire, Latin was the lingua franca in most of Europe — a lingua franca is a common language used between countries that have different native languages. This means it was widely spoken and other European countries were often exposed to Latin vocabulary. Many English words were either directly taken from Latin, or new words were created using Latin roots, suffixes, and prefixes.

Below is a pie chart of the languages with the most influence on English. This shows the percentage of words in the English language that derive from each of these languages:

Fig. 2 — Pie chart showing the percentage of words in English that derive from other languages

Latin Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes Review

So, what do we now know about Latin roots, suffixes, and prefixes?

Here are a few key points:

A root is the core form of a word. It makes sense on its own.
A suffix is added to the end of a root word. This can be done to change the tense, express plurality, or change the word class.
A prefix is added to the beginning of a root word. This can be done to negate a word or show repetition.

If you are familiar with Latin roots, prefixes, and suffixes, you can use them to help determine the meanings of unfamiliar English words.

For example:

The word ‘indescribable‘ is made up of:

prefix: in
root: describe
suffix: able

From this, we can tell that:

The root word ‘describe’ means to give a detailed description or account of something.
But the prefix ‘in’ is used to negate the word — in this case meaning ‘not able to be described.’
The suffix ‘able’ means that the word is an adjective, so is used to modify a noun.

Latin Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes — Key Takeaways

A root refers to the base form of a word.
Examples of Latin root words include ‘audire’, ‘mens’ and ‘lingua’
A suffix is a letter/group of letters added to the end of a root word, whereas a prefix is a letter/group of letters added to the beginning of a root word.
Examples of Latin suffixes include ‘able,’ ‘ify,’ and ‘ment’
Examples of Latin prefixes include ‘co,’ ‘dis,’ and ‘re’

Источник

As a language, English has been greatly influenced by Latin. To this day, many vocabulary words that English speakers use every day contain Latin roots.

Here is a list of some of the most common Latin-based roots which appear in English vocabulary words:

nav

The Latin root “nav” comes from the word “navis,” which means “ship” in Latin. Examples of English words containing this root are naval, navy, and navigation.

nat

The root “nat” originates from the Latin word “natus,” which means “born”. The English words natal, native and natality contain this root.

fili

From the word filius, which means “son” in Latin. This root appears in English words such as filial and affiliation.

frater

From the Latin word frater (which means “brother”), this root appears in words such as fraternal and fraternity

lum

From the Latin word lumen (which means “a light”). Some examples of English words containing this root are the verb to illuminate, the adjective luminescent, and the noun luminary.

arbor

The word arbor means “tree” in Latin. This root appears in English vocabulary words such as arborescence (a tree-like structure) and arboretum (a place where different varieties of trees are planted), as well as the adjective arboreal.

stella

From stella (the Latin word for “star”). This is the basis of the adjective stellar (which means having the characteristics of a star) and the noun constellation (an astronomy term referring to a formation of stars).

magn

From the Latin adjective magnus meaning “great”. This root is found in English vocabulary words such as magnificent, magnanimous and the verb to magnify.

mat

Derived from the Latin word mater which means “mother”. This root appears in the English words maternal and maternity.

lun

From the Latin word luna which means “moon”. This is the root of the English adjective lunar (pertaining to the moon), and lunatic.

fort

The Latin root “fort” is derived from the Latin word “fortis,” which means “strong” or “powerful.” This root has been used to form many English words that denote strength or power, such as “fortify,” “fortitude,” “fortress,” and “effort.” The concept of strength is inherent in this root and is reflected in its English usage. For example, the word “fortify” means to make something stronger or more resilient, while “fortitude” refers to the mental and emotional strength that enables a person to face adversity.

lac

From lac, which is the Latin word for “milk”. Appears in the verb to lactate as well as the word lactose (a sugar found in milk).

lingu

From the Latin word lingua (which means “language”). This is the root of the English words linguistics, bilingual and multilingual.

annu

The Latin root “annu” comes from the Latin word “annus,” which means “year.” This root has been used to form several English terms related to the concept of time and, specifically, the passage of years. One example of an English word derived from this root is “anniversary,” which refers to the yearly recurrence of a significant event. Another example is “annual,” which means something that occurs once a year. The root “annu” can also be found in words such as “annuity,” which is a financial term referring to a fixed sum of money paid out annually, and “perennial,” referring to a plant that lives for several years.

don

The Latin root “don” comes from the Latin word “donare,” which means “to give.” This root is commonly found in English terms related to giving, such as donation, donor, and condone. A donation is an act of giving something, often money, to a charity or cause. A donor is a person who gives something to a cause or organization. To condone means to approve or tolerate something that is wrong or inappropriate.

aqua

The Latin root «aqua» refers to water and can be found in many English words related to water or liquids. Understanding this root can help you recognize and understand terms like aquarium, aqueduct, and aquatic. An aquarium is a container filled with water in which fish and other water creatures can be kept. An aqueduct is a channel that carries water from one place to another, usually from a source of fresh water to a city. Something that is aquatic is related to water, such as aquatic plants or animals that live in water.

vac

The Latin root “vac” originates from the Latin word “vacare,” which means “to be empty.” This root has been used to construct numerous English words, all of which have some connection to the idea of emptiness or absence. One example of an English word derived from this root is “vacant,” which means empty or not occupied. Another example is “vacuum,” which refers to a space that is devoid of matter. The root “vac” is also found in words like “evacuate,” which means to remove all contents from a space, and “vacation,” a period of time when a work schedule is empty and can be used for leisure activities.

doc

From the Latin verb docere which means “to teach”. This is the root of the English words doctrine, doctorate, and document.

liber

The word “liber” is a Latin root which can be found in English words such as liberty and liberalism. This word means “free” in the Latin language.

pater

The Latin root “pater” is derived from the Latin word for “father.” Many English words have been derived from this root, and they all relate to the concept of fatherhood or authority figures. For example, the word “paternal” is an adjective that describes something relating to a father or a father’s side of the family. The term “paternity” refers to the state of being a father or the identity of a child’s father. Additionally, the word “patriarch” refers to the male head of a family or tribe..

fem

From the word femina which means “woman” in Latin. Words such as female, feminine, and feminist have been derived from this common Latin root.

viv

Words such as vivid, survive, and vivacious are all derived from the root “viv,” which comes from the Latin verb “vivere”, which means “to live”.

aev/ev

The Latin root “aev” is derived from the Latin word “aevum,” which means “age” or “era.” This root has been used to form many English words conveying the idea of a particular historical period or era. For example, the term “medieval” is derived from “aev,” and refers to the period in history between the 5th and 15th centuries. Another derivative of this root is the word “primeval,” which refers to the earliest period in history. The Latin root “aev” has also given rise to the term “longevity”.

anim

The root anim comes from the word “anima,” which means “soul” in Latin. There are many English words that have been derived from this root, such as animal, animosity, and animation.

cept

The Latin root “cept” is derived from the Latin word “capere,” meaning “to take” or “to seize.” In English, this root has been widely used to form words that convey the idea of taking or receiving something. One example is “accept,” which means to take something which is offered. Another word derived from this root is “conception,” which refers to the act of forming an idea or concept in the mind. The word “perception” is also derived from this root and describes the process of becoming aware of something through the senses. Additionally, the word “reception” comes from the Latin root “cept” and means receiving guests or visitors.

cred

From the Latin verb credere, which means “to trust” or “to believe”. There are many English words that are derived from this root, such as accreditation, credentials, and to discredit.

cur

The Latin word “cura,” meaning “care” or “concern,” has provided the root word “cur” in English, which is found in several words related to taking care of something or showing concern. One such word is “curator,” which refers to a person responsible for collecting and managing a collection, such as a museum or art gallery. Another word derived from this root is “curative,” which describes something that can heal or cure. The word “curious” is also derived from the Latin root “cur,” and originally meant “careful” or “attentive.” However, its meaning has evolved over time to express a strong desire to learn or know something.

dic

The Latin root “dic” comes from the Latin word “dicere,” which means “to say” or “to speak.” It is found in numerous English words that relate to communication, speech, and language. For example, the word “dictionary” is derived from “dic,” and is a reference book that provides definitions of words and their usage. Another derivative of this root is the word “diction,” which refers to the style of speaking. The word “edict” is also related to this root, and refers to a formal proclamation or command issued by an authority figure. Additionally, the word “predict” is derived from “dic,” and refers to the act of foretelling or prophesying. The Latin root “dic” has also given rise to words such as “verdict,” “indictment,” and “benediction.”

duc

English words such as to deduce, to produce and to reduce all come from the root “duc”. This root’s origin is the Latin verb “ducere,” which means “to lead”.

empt

The Latin root “empt” is derived from the Latin word “emptus,” which means “bought” or “purchased.” Many English words are derived from this root, and they all relate to the act of buying or selling something. One common English word that is derived from the Latin root “empt” is “redemption.” This word refers to the act of buying back or recovering something that was lost or taken away. Another English word derived from this root is “exempt,” which means to be free or released from something, often from a tax or duty. The word “preempt” is also derived from the Latin root “empt.” It means taking action in order to prevent something from happening

fac

The root “fac” (or “fact”) comes from the verb “facere,” which means “to make”. Other than it being the root of the commonly used English word “fact,” it can also be found in words such as benefactor, satisfaction, and artifact.

fer

The root “fer” can be found in words such as conference, to prefer, and fertile. “Fer” comes from the verb “ferre,” which means “to carry” or “to bear” in Latin.

fic

From the Latin verb facere (which means “to make” or “to do”). English language words such as magnificent, deficient, and sacrifice have all been derived from this common Latin root.

fin

“Fin” comes from the word “finis,” which means “to end” in Latin. Words such as final, definition, and fine have been derived from this root.

flu

While the word “flu” has meaning in English on its own, it is actually a Latin root as well. Flu can be found in many different English words that people use on a day-to-day basis, such as influence, fluid, and fluency. This root comes from the Latin origin word “fluere,” which means “to flow”.

gress

The Latin root “gress” is derived from the Latin word “gressus” (or “gradus”), which means “step” or “way.” This root is found in many English words that convey the idea of movement or progress, both physical and abstract. For example, the term “progress” is derived from “gress,” and refers to the movement towards a goal or the advancement of something. Another derivative of this root is the word “congress,” which refers to a gathering of people for a specific purpose or to make progress in a particular field. The Latin root “gress” has also given rise to words such as “digress” and “transgress.”

hal

The English words to inhale, to exhale, and exhalant come from the Latin root “hal”. The origin word of this root is the verb “halare,” which means “to breathe”.

insul

“Insul” comes from the word “insula,” which means “island” in Latin. It is the root of English words such as insular and insulation.

jac

“Jac” comes from the word “jaceo,” which means “to be thrown” in Latin. However, the root jac is often understood to mean “lie” in English. This root word can be found in English words such as adjacent and circumjacent.

ject

The Latin root “ject” is derived from the Latin word “jacere,” meaning “to throw” or “to hurl.” This root has been used in English to form words that convey the idea of throwing or casting something. For example, the word “eject” means to throw something out or expel it from a place or situation. The word “project” also comes from this root and describes the act of throwing something forward or projecting it into the future.

junct

In Latin, “junct” or “jung” comes from the verb “jungo,” which means “to join”. In English, many words are derived from this root. For example, junction, juncture, and subjunctive.

jur

Words such as jury, to abjure, and to conjure come from the Latin root “jur”. The origin word of this root is “ius,” which means “law”.

lect

“Lect” is a root that is used in English words such as collection, intellect, and election. It comes from the Latin verb “legere,” which means “to choose” or “to gather”.

man

Words such as manicure, manuscript, and to manipulate are all derived from the Latin root “man,” which comes from the word “manus,” meaning “hand”.

memor

The root word “memor” means “remember” in Latin. There are many English words that have been derived from this root, such as to commemorate or memoir.

merge

In Latin, “merge” comes from the verb “mergere,” which means “to plunge” or “to dip”. The verbs to emerge and to submerge are examples of English words which contain the root “merge”.

miser

“Miser” is a Latin root that is used in many common English words. It means “unhappy” or “wretched” and can be found in words such as commiseration, misery, and miserable.

mit

Derived from the Latin word “mittere,” which means “to send,” the root “mit” is found in many English words. Examples of terms with the “mit” root include “admit,” “submit,” “emit,” and “permit,” which all involve some aspect of sending, allowing, or putting forth.

mod

“Mod” comes from the word “modus,” which means “measure” or “method” in Latin. Words such as immodest, mode, and model have all been derived from it.

pass

“Pass” is a root word which comes from the word “passus,” meaning “pace”. Words such as passage come from this common root.

pend

Pend (or “pens”) is an extremely common Latin root that many English words are derived from. These are, for example, words such as to append, to depend, pendant, and suspense. “Pend” comes from the Latin verb “pensare” (or “pendere”), which means “to hang” in Latin.

ple

This root comes from the verb “plere,” and it means “to fill” in Latin. The words to deplete, complete, and supplementary are all examples of words which contain this common Latin root.

plic

The Latin verb “plicare,” meaning “to fold,” gave rise to the root “plic” in English, which is found in several common words such as “replicate,” “application,” and “complicated.”

port

The Latin root “port” derives from the Latin word “portare,” meaning “to carry.” It has been used in English to create a variety of words that allude to the act of carrying or transporting something. For example, the term “portable” refers to something that is easy to carry. Another derivative of this root is the word “porter,” which describes a person who carries luggage for others. The word “transportation” is also derived from “port,” indicating the movement of people or goods from one place to another. Furthermore, the word “report” is also related to this root, as it originally meant to carry back information or news.

posit

In the Latin language, posit comes from the verb “ponere,” which means “to put”. The words opposite, position, and deposit are all examples of English words which contain this common Latin root.

rect

The words correct, director, and rectangle are all examples of English words which contain the Latin root “rect”. “Rect” comes from the verb “regere,” which means “to direct”.

regul

In Latin, the root word “regul” comes from the noun “regula,” which means “rule”. Words such as regular and regulation come from this root.

sacr

The root “sacr” (or “secr”) comes from the verb sacrare, which means “to consecrate” or “to swear”. It can be found in English language words such as to consecrate, sacred, and sacrifice.

sequ

“Sequ” is a Latin root that can be found in many different English words. These are, for example, words such as subsequent, sequence, and sequel. “Sequ” comes from the verb “sequere,” which means “to follow” in Latin.

sole

Words such as insolence, insolent, and obsolete come from the Latin root “sole,” which comes from “solere,” meaning “accustomed” or “in the habit of”.

somn

Are you ready to get sleepy with the Latin root “somn”? This root comes from the Latin word “somnus,” meaning “sleep,” and it has made its way into many English words that relate to snoozing and slumber. For example, the word “insomnia” comes from this root and describes the inability to sleep. Another word derived from this root is “somnolent,” which means feeling drowsy or sleepy. You might also recognize the term “somnambulist,” which refers to a sleepwalker, someone who is up and about while still in a state of slumber.

son

The Latin root “son,” derived from the Latin word “sonus” meaning “noise” or “sound,” has contributed to a variety of English words. Some common examples include “unison,” “sonic,” and “consonant.”

spect

“spect” comes from the verb “spectare,” which means “to look at” in Latin. It is the root of English words such as spectator and spectacular.

sper

“Sper” comes from the verb “sperare,” which means “to hope” in Latin. Some English words that have been derived from this root include desperate and to prosper.

stru

“Stru” comes from the verb “struere,” which means “to build” or “to construct” in Latin. There are many English words that contain this root, such as constructive, instruct, and structural.

ten

The root “ten” comes from the Latin verb “tenere,” which means “to hold”. It is the root of English words such as tenant, maintenance, and tenor. Other words derived from this word include sustenance and tenure.

terr

This root comes from the noun “terra,” which means “earth” or “land”. Words derived from this root include extra-terrestrial, terracotta, and subterranean.

tract

The Latin root “tract” derives from the Latin verb “tractare,” which means “to draw or pull.” In English, this root has been used to create a plethora of words with a range of meanings, often related to the idea of drawing or pulling something. For example, the term “attract” is derived from this root and describes the ability of something to draw in or pull towards itself. Another example is the word “detract,” which means to draw away from or diminish the value of something. The term “tractable” is another derivative of this root, denoting something easily managed or controlled.

und

“Und” comes from the word “unda,” which means “wave” in Latin. You can find this root in English words such as to abound, to surround, and abundance.

The Latin word “usus,” meaning “use,” has given rise to the root “us” in English. This root is found in a variety of English words, including “abuse,” “usurpation,” and “peruse.”

vag

Words such as extravagant, vagabond, and vague all come from the same Latin root – “vag”. This root comes from the verb “vagare,” which means “to wander” or “to rove” in Latin.

val

“Val” is a very common Latin root that appears in many different English words. For example, ambivalence, to validate, invalid, and value. “Val” comes from the verb “valere,” which means “to have strength”.

verb

The English words verb and verbose are derived from the root “verb” which comes from the Latin noun “verbum,” which means “word”.

vers

“Vers” comes from “versus,” which means “turn” in Latin. This root appears in many common English words, such as adverse, conversation, and anniversary.

vid

This common Latin root comes from the verb “videre,” which means “to see”. Some frequently used English language words have been derived from this word. These are, for example, words such as evidence and video.

vil

In Latin, “vil” comes from the word “vilis,” which means “cheap” or “vile”. There are some English words that are derived from this Latin root, including words such as to revile and to vilify.

vor

The Latin root “vor” derives from the Latin word “vorare,” meaning “to devour.” This root has been used in English to create several words related to eating or consuming. For instance, the term “carnivore” stems from the Latin root “vor,” and describes an organism that mainly feeds on meat. Similarly, the word “omnivore” also has its roots in “vor,” and refers to an organism that consumes both plant and animal matter. Another example of a word derived from this root is “voracious,” which describes someone with an insatiable appetite.

vot

In Latin, the root “vot” comes from the verb “vovere,” which means “to promise” or “to vow”. Words such as devoted, vote and votary have all been derived from this common Latin root.

Many English words come from Latin roots. While some of those roots may be obvious and self-explanatory to an English speaker, some are more difficult to comprehend.

Either way, Latin has undoubtedly had a significant influence on the English language.

Источник

LIST OF GREEK/LATIN ROOTS IN ENGLISH

Alphabetical List of GREEK/LATIN roots, stems,
& prefixes commonly used in English

A
SR	ROOTS	MEANINGS	ORIGIN (LANGUAG)	EXAMPLES (ENG)
1	ab:-, a:-, abs:-		–LATIN–	abnormal, abrasion, absent, abstain, abstract, aversion
2	ac:-	sharp / pointed	–LATIN–	Acupuncture
3	acerb:-	sharp, bitter, sour	-LATIN–	acerbic, exacerbate
4	acid:-	sour or acid	-LATIN–	acidosis
5	acr:-	height, summit, tip	-GREEK–	acrobatics, acromegaly, acronym, acrophobia
6	acr:-	bitter, pungent, sharp, sour	–LATIN–	acer, acris acrid, acrimony
7	acu:-	sharp	–LATIN–	acupuncture, acute, acutifoliate
8	ad:-, a:-, ac:-, af:-, ag:-, al:-, ap:-, ar:-, as:-,	atmovement to or toward; in addition to	–LATIN–	accept, adapt, affect, approximate, ascend
9	adip:-	fat	–LATIN–	adipose
10	aer:-	air, atmosphere	–GREEK–	aeronautics, aerosol
11	aesthet:-	feeling, sensation	–GREEK–	aesthetics, anaesthetic
12	agr:-	field	–GREEK–	agronomy
13	agri:-, egri:-	field	–LATIN–	agriculture, peregrine
14	alb:-	dull white	–LATIN–	albedo, albino, albumen
15	am:-, amat:-, amor:-	love, loved	–LATIN–	amateur, amorous
16	ambi:-	both, on both sides	–LATIN–	ambidexterity, ambivalent
17	amic:-, :-imic:-	friend	–LATIN–	amicable, inimical
18	amph:-, amphi:-	around, about, both, on both sides of, both kinds	–GREEK–	amphibian, amphibolic, amphoterism
19	ampl:-	ample, abundant, bountiful	–LATIN–	amplification
20	an:-, a:-	not, without	–GREEK–	anhydrous, atypical
21	ana:-, an:-	again, against, back, up	–GREEK–	anabaptist, anaphylaxis, anion, anode
22	andr:-	male, masculine	–GREEK–	androgen, android
23	anem:-	wind	–GREEK–	anemometer
24	anim:-	breath	–LATIN–	animal, animation
25	ann:-, :-enn:-	year, yearly	–LATIN–	anniversary, annual, biannual, millennium
26	ant:-, anti:-	against, opposed to, preventive	–GREEK–	antagonist, antibiotic, antipodes
27	ante:-, anti:-	before, in front of, prior to	–LATIN–	antebellum, antediluvian, anticipate, antiquarian
28	anth:-	flower	–GREEK–	anther, anthology
29	anthrop:-	human	–GREEK–	anthropology, anthropomorphic
30	ap:-, apo:-	away from, separate, at the farthest point	–GREEK–	apocrine, apogee, apostasy
31	aqu:-	water	–LATIN–	aquamarine, aquarium, aqueduct, aquifer
32	ar:-	plow, till	–LATIN–	arable
33	ar:-	be dry	–LATIN–	arid
34	arche:-, archi:-	ruler	–GREEK–	archangel, archetype
35	archae:-, arche:-	ancient	–GREEK–	archaeology or archeology, archaic
36	arct:-	relating to the North Pole or the region near it; relating to cold; used as the scientific name of some bear species, e.g. Ursus arctos horribilis	–GREEK–	Arctic Ocean
37	argent:-	silver	–LATIN–	argent, Argentina
38	arist:-	excellence	–GREEK–	aristocracy
39	arthr:-	joint	–GREEK–	arthropod
40	astr:-	star, star:-shaped	–GREEK–	asterisk, astrology, astronomy, disaster
41	athl:-	prize	–GREEK–	athlete, pentathlon
42	audi:-	hearing, listening, sound	–LATIN–	audible, auditorium, auditory
43	aug:-, auct:-	grow, increase	–LATIN–	augend, augmentation
44	aur:-	relating to gold, or gold:-colored	–LATIN–	aureate, aureole
45	auri:-	relating to the ear	–LATIN–	auricle
46	aut:-, auto:-	self; directed from within	–GREEK–	autograph, automobile, autonomy
47	avi:-	bird	–LATIN–	aviary, aviation
48	axi:-	axis	–LATIN–	axisymmetry
49	axio:-	merit	–GREEK–	axiology
B
50	bac:-	rod:-shaped	–LATIN–	bacilla, bacteria
51	bar:-	weight, pressure	–GREEK–	barograph, barometer
52	basi:-	at the bottom	–GREEK–	basic, basis
53	bathy:-, batho:-	deep, depth	–GREEK–	batholith, bathyscaphe
54	be:-, beat:-	bless	–LATIN–	beatification
55	bell:-	war	–LATIN–	antebellum, bellicose, belligerent
56	ben:-	good, well	–LATIN–	benefit, benignity
57	bi:-	two	–LATIN–	binary, binoculars, bigamy, biscotti
58	bib:-	drink	–LATIN–	imbibe
59	bibl:-	book	–GREEK–	bible, bibliography
60	bio:-	life	–GREEK–	biography, biology, biologist, biosphere, bioluminescent
61	blenn:-	slime	–GREEK–	blennophobia, blennosperma
62	blast:-	germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus	–GREEK–	blastula, fibroblast, osteoblast, sideroblast
63	bon:-	good	–LATIN– (bonus)	bonify, bonitary
64	bor:-	north	–GREEK– / –LATIN–	borealis
65	botan:-	plant	–GREEK–	botany
66	bov:-	cow, ox	–LATIN–	bovine
67	brachi:-	arm	–GREEK–	brachial artery, brachiosaurus
68	brachy:-	short	–GREEK–	brachydactyly
69	brady:-	slow	–GREEK–	bradycardia
70	branchi:-	gill	–GREEK–	branchiopod, nudibranch
71	brev(i):-	brief, short (time)	–LATIN–	abbreviation, brevity
72	briz:-	nod, slumber	–GREEK–
73	brom:-	oats	–GREEK–	Bromus ramosus
74	brom:-	stench	–GREEK–	bromide
75	bronch:-	windpipe	–GREEK–	bronchitis, bronchus, bronchiole
76	bront:-	thunder	–GREEK–	Brontosaurus
77	bucc:-	cheek, mouth, cavity	–LATIN–	buccinator muscle
78	bulb-	bulbous	–LATIN–	bulbous, bulbule
79	bull-	bubble, flask	–LATIN–	ebullient, ebullism
80	burs:-	pouch, purse	–LATIN–	bursar, bursary, disburse
C
81	cac:-	bad	–GREEK–	cacophony
82	cad:-, :-cid:-, cas:-	fall	–LATIN–	accident, cadence, case
83	caed:-, :-cid:-, caes:-, :-cis	cut	–LATIN–	caedere, caesus caesura, incisor
84	calc:-	stone	–LATIN– &-GREEK–	calcite, calcium, calculus
85	call:-, calli:-	beautiful	–GREEK–	calligraphy
86	calor:-	heat	–LATIN–	Calorie
87	calyp:-	cover	–GREEK–	Apocalypse
88	camer:-	vault	–LATIN–	bicameral, camera
89	camp:-	field	–LATIN–	champion, campaign
90	can:-	dog	–LATIN– canis	canine, Canis Major
91	can:-, :-cin:-, cant:-	sing	–LATIN–	Cantata, cantor, canto
92	cap:-, :-cip:-, capt:-, :- cept	take ,hold,	–LATIN–	capture, captive, conception, recipient
93	capit:-, cipit:-	head	–LATIN–	capital, decapitation, precipitation
94	capr:-	goat	–LATIN–	caper, capri Capricorn, caprine
95	caps:-	box, case	–LATIN–	capsule
96	carbo:-	coal	–LATIN–	carbonis carbon
97	carcer:-	jail	–LATIN–	incarceration
98	carcin:-	cancer (disease)	–LATIN– –GREEK–	carcinoma
99	cardi:-	relating to the heart	–GREEK–	cardiograph, cardiology
100	cardin:-	hinge	–LATIN–	cardo, cardinis cardinal

carn:- flesh –LATIN– caro, carnis
carnal, carnival, carnivore
carp:- relating to fruit –GREEK–
καρπός (karpos) “fruit“ carpology
carp:- relating to the wrist –GREEK–
καρπός (karpos) “wrist“ carpal, carpal tunnel syndrome
cast:- pure –LATIN– from –LATIN–
castus “chaste“ caste, castigate, castrate
cata:-, cat:- down –GREEK–
from –GREEK– κατά (katá) “down“ catabolic,
catalyst, catastrophe, catatonia, cathode, cation
caten:- chain –LATIN– catena
catenary, concatenation
cathar:- pure –GREEK– καθαρός
(katharos) catharsis
caud:- tail –LATIN– cauda caudal
caus:-, :-cus:-
cause or motive –LATIN– causa causative
cav:- hollow –LATIN– cavus “hollow“
cave, cavity, excavation
ced:-, cess:- go –LATIN–
cedere, cessus procession, recede, secede
celer:- quick –LATIN– celer,
celerare acceleration, celerity
cen:- new –GREEK– καινός (kainos)
Cenozoic
cen:- empty –GREEK– κενός (kenos)
cenotaph
cens:- –LATIN– censere “to
estimate“ census
cent:- hundred –LATIN– centum
cent, centennial, centurion
centen:- hundred each –LATIN–
centeni centenary
centesim:- hundredth –LATIN–
centesimus centesimal, centesimation
centr:- center –GREEK– κέντρον
(kéntron) “needle“, “spur“
eccentric
cephal:- head –GREEK– κεφαλή
(kephale) cephalic, cephalopod, encephalogram
ceram:- clay –GREEK– κέραμος
(keramos) ceramic
cerat:- horn –GREEK– κέρας,
κέρατος (keras, keratos) “horn“ keratin
cern:- sift –LATIN– cernere
discern, secern
cervic:- relating to the neck, relating
to the cervix –LATIN– cervix, cervicis “neck“
cervix, cervical
ceter:- other –LATIN– ceterus et
cetera
chir:- of the hand or hands –GREEK–
χείρ (kheir) “hand“ chiral, chiropractic, chiroptera
chelon:- relating to a turtle –GREEK–
χελώνη (khelōne) “tortoise“ chelonia
chlor:- green –GREEK– χλωρός
(khlōros) “green“ chlorine, chlorophyll, chloroplast
chore:- relating to dance –GREEK–
χορεία khoreia “dancing in unison“ from χορός khoros “chorus“
choreography
chord:- cord –LATIN– and –GREEK–
chorda “rope“ from χορδή (chordē) chordata chrom:-
color –GREEK– χρῶμα (chrōma) “color“ chromium,
chromosome, monochrome
chron:- time –GREEK– χρόνος
(chronos) chronic, chronology, chronometer
chrys:- gold –GREEK– χρυσός
(khrusos) “gold“ chrysolite
cili:- eyelash –LATIN– cilium
cilia, supercilious
cine:- motion –GREEK– κινέω
(kineō) cinema
ciner:- ash –LATIN– cinis,
cineris incineration
cing:-, cinct:- gird –LATIN–
cingere, cinctus succinct
circ:- circle –LATIN– circus
circus
circum:- around –LATIN– circum
circumcise, circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate
cirr:- orange –GREEK– κιρρός
(kirros) cirrhosis
cirr:- curl, tentacle –LATIN–
cirrus cirrus
civ:- citizen –LATIN– civis
civility
clad:- branch –GREEK– κλάδος
(klados) clade
clar:- clear –LATIN– clarus,
clarare clarity, declaration
clast:- broken –GREEK– κλαστός
(klastos) iconoclast, osteoclast
claud:-, :-clud:-,
claus:-, :-clusclose –LATIN– claudere,
clausus clause, exclusion, include
clav:- key –GREEK– from –GREEK–
κλείς kleis “key“ from κλείειν, (kleiein) “to
close“ clavichord, clavicle, conclave
cl(e)ist:- closed –GREEK–
κλειστός (kleistos)
cleithr:- bar, key –GREEK–
cleithrum
clement:- mild –LATIN– clemens,
clementis clemency, inclement
clin:- bed, lean, recline –LATIN–
:-clinare declination, inclined
cochl:- shell –GREEK– κόχλος
(kochlos) cochlea
coel:- hollow –GREEK– κοῖλος
(koilos) blastocoel, coelom, spongocoel
cogn:- know –LATIN– cognoscere
cognitive, cognizant, recognize
col:- strain –LATIN– colare,
colum colander
coll:- hill –LATIN– collis coll:-
neck –LATIN– collum collar
color:- color –LATIN– color
coloration, coloratura, tricolor
con:-, co:-, col:-,
com:-, cor with, together –LATIN– cum coagulate, collide,
compress, connect, contain, corrode
con:- cone –GREEK– κῶνος (kōnos)
conic, conical, conoid
condi:- season –LATIN– condire
condiment
contra:- against –LATIN– contra
contradiction, contrast
copr:- dung –GREEK– κόπρος
(kopros) coprolite, coprophagia, coprophilia
corac:- raven –GREEK– κόραξ,
κόρακος (korax, korakos) coracoid
cord:- heart –LATIN– cor, cordis
accord, cordial
corn:- horn –LATIN– cornu cornea,
cornucopia, unicorn
coron:- crown –LATIN– corona,
coronare corona, coronation
corpor:- body –LATIN– corpus,
corporis corporation, corpse, corpuscle
cortic:- bark –LATIN– cortex,
corticis corticosteriod
cosm:- universe –GREEK– κόσμος
(kosmos) cosmic, cosmonaut
cosmet:- –GREEK– κοσμητ:-
(kosmet:-) cosmetics, cosmetology
cost:- rib –LATIN– costa costal
cotyl:- cup –GREEK–
κοτύλη (kotulē) cotyledon
:-cracy, :-crat
government, rule, authority –GREEK– κράτος (kratos) democracy
crani:- skull –GREEK– κρανίον
(kranion) cranium
crass:- thick –LATIN– crassus
crassitude
cre:- make –LATIN– creare,
creatus creation, creature
cred:- believe, trust –LATIN–
credere, creditus credentials, credibility, creditor, incredible
crep:- boot, shoe –GREEK– κρηπίς,
κρηπίδος (krēpis, krēpidos)
cribr:- sieve –LATIN– cribrum,
cribrare cribble, cribrate ring –GREEK– κρίκος (krikos)
cris:-, crit:- judge –GREEK–
κρίσις (crisis) crisis, critic
crisp:- curled –LATIN– crispus
crispate
crist:- crest –LATIN– crista
cristate
cross:- fringe, tassel –GREEK–
κροσσός (krossos)
cruc:- cross –LATIN– crux, crucis
crucial, crucifix, crucify, excruciating
crur:- leg, shank –LATIN– crus, cruris
crural
crypt:- hidden –GREEK– κρυπτός
(kruptos) cryptic, cryptography
cten:- comb –GREEK– κτείς, κτενός
(kteis, ktenos) ctenophore
cub:- cube –GREEK– κύβος (kubos)
cubic, cuboid
cub:- lie –LATIN– cubare
incubation, succuba
culin:- kitchen –LATIN– culina
culinary
culp:- blame, fault –LATIN– culpa
culpable, exculpate
cune:- wedge –LATIN– cuneus
cuneiform
curr:-, curs:- run –LATIN–
currere, cursus concurrent, current, cursive, recursion
curv:- bent –LATIN– curvus
curvature
cuspid:- lance, point –LATIN–
cuspis, cuspidis bicuspid
cut:- skin –LATIN– cutis cuticle
cyan:- blue –GREEK– κυανός
(kuanos) cyanide
cycl:- circular –GREEK– κύκλος
(kuklos) bicycle, cycle, cyclone
cylind:- roll –GREEK– κύλινδρος
(kulindros) cylinder
cyn:- dog –GREEK– κύων, κυνός
(kuōn, kunos) cynosure
cyst:- capsule –GREEK– κύστις
(kustis) cystic
cyt:- cell –GREEK– κύτος (kutos)
cytoplasm, cnidocyte

dactyl:- finger, toe, digit –GREEK–
δάκτυλος (daktulos) dactylology, pterodactyl
damn:-, :-demn:-
to inflict loss upon –LATIN– damnāre condemn, damnation
de:- from, away from, removing, down –LATIN–
dē deletion, dementia, descend
deb:- owe –LATIN– debere, debitus
debit
deca:-, dec:-, deka:-,
dekten –GREEK– δέκα deka, ten decagram, decahedron
decim:- tenth part –LATIN–
decimus, tenth; from decem, ten decimal, decimate
delt:- –GREEK– δέλτα (delta)
deltoid
dem:- people –GREEK– δῆμος
(dēmos) demagogue, democracy
den:- ten each –LATIN– deni
denarius, denary
dendr:- resembling a tree –GREEK–
δένδρον (dendron): akin to δρύς, drys, “tree“ dendrite,
dendrochronology
dens:- thick –LATIN– densus
condense, density
dent:- tooth –LATIN–
dens, dentis dental, dentifrice, dentures
derm:- skin –GREEK– δέρμα (derma)
dermis, epidermis, hypodermic
deuter:- second –GREEK– δεύτερος
(deuteros) Deuteronomy, deuterostome
dexter:- right –LATIN– dexter
dexterity, dextrose
dexi:- right –GREEK– δεξιός,
right Dexiarchia
di:- two –GREEK– δι:-
dicot, diode, dipole
dia:- apart, through –GREEK– διά
(dia) dialysis, diameter, diagram
dict:- say, speak –LATIN– dicere,
dictus contradict, dictate, dictation, dictionary, edict, predict
digit:- finger –LATIN– digitus
digital
dino:- terrible, fearfully great –GREEK–
δεινός (deinos) dinosaur
dipl:- double; twofold –GREEK–
διπλός (diplos) diploid, diplosis doc:-,
doct:- teach –LATIN– docere,
doctus docile, doctor, indoctrinate
dodec:- twelve –GREEK– δώδεκα
(dodeka) dodecasyllabic dogmat:-,
dox:- opinion, tenet –GREEK– δόξα
dogmatic, orthodox
dom:- house –LATIN– domus dome
don:- give –LATIN– donare
condone, donation
dorm:- sleep –LATIN– dormire
dormant, dormitory
dors:- back –LATIN– dorsum dorsal
du:- two –LATIN– duo dual
dub:- doubtful –LATIN– dubius
dubious
duc:-, duct:- lead –LATIN–
dux, ducis abduction, conductor, introduction, production, reduction, deduction
dulc:- sweet –LATIN–
dulcis dulcet
dur:- hard –LATIN–
durus durable, duration, duress, endure, obdurate
dy:- two –GREEK–
δυο (duo) dyad
dynam:- power –GREEK–
δύναμη (dunamē) dynamism, dynasty, dynamite
dys:- badly, ill –GREEK–
δυσ:- dysentery, dysplasia, dystrophy

ec:- out –GREEK– ἐκ (ek)
eccentric
eco:- house –GREEK–
οἶκος (oikos) ecology, economics, ecumenism
ecto:- outside –GREEK–
ἐκτός (ektos) ectoderm
ed:-, es:-
eat –LATIN– edere, esus edible
ego:- self, I (first
person) –LATIN-, –GREEK– ego, ἐγώ egocentric
ego:-, eg:-
goat –GREEK– αἴξ (aix) egophony
em:-, empt:-
buy –LATIN– emere, emptus exemption, preempt, redeem
eme:- vomit –GREEK–
ἔμετος (emetos) emetic
emul:- striving to
equal, rivaling –LATIN– aemulus, aemulare emulator
en:-, em:-
in –GREEK– ἐν (en) emphasis
endo:- inside –GREEK–
ἔνδον (endon) endocrine, endocytosis
engy:- narrow –GREEK–
ἐγγύς (engys)
ennea:- nine –GREEK–
ἐννέα (ennea) ennead, enneagon
ens:- sword –LATIN–
ensis
eo:-, eos:-,
eoso:- dawn, east –GREEK– Ἠώς/Ἕως Eocene
ep:-, epi:-
upon –GREEK– ἐπί (epi) epicenter, epitaph, epoch
epistem:- knowledge or
science –GREEK– ἐπιστήμη (epistēmē) epistemic
equ:-, :-iqu:-
even, level –LATIN– aequus equal, equivalence
equ:- horse –LATIN–
equus equestrian
erg:- work –GREEK–
έργον (ergon) ergonomics
err:- stray –LATIN–
errare aberration, errant
erythr:- red –GREEK–
ἐρυθρός (eruthros) erythrocyte
eso:- within –GREEK–
ἔσω (esō) esoteric
etho:-, eth:-,
ethi:- custom, habit –GREEK– ἦθος (ēthos) ethology
ethm:- sieve –GREEK–
ἠθμός (hethmos); ἤθειν (hethein) ethmoid
ethn:- people, race,
tribe, nation –GREEK– ἔθνος (ethnos) ethnarch, ethnic
etym:- true –GREEK–
ἔτυμος (etumos) etymology
eu:- well, good –GREEK–
εὖ (eu) euphoria, euthanasia
eur:- wide –GREEK–
εὐρύς (eurus) Europe
ex:-, e:-,
ef:- from, out –LATIN– ex exclude, extend, extrude
exo:- outside –GREEK–
ἔξω (eksō) exoskeleton, exothermic
exter:-, extra:-
outer –LATIN– externus exterior
extrem:- outermost,
utmost –LATIN– extremus extremity, extremophile

f:-, fat:-
say, speak –LATIN– fari, fatus fate, infant, preface
fab:- bean –LATIN–
faba faba bean
fac:-, :-fic:-,
fact, :-fect:- make –LATIN– facere, factus
defect, factory, manufacture
falc:- sickle –LATIN–
falx, falcis falciform
fall:-, :-fell:-,
fals:- deceive –LATIN– fallere, falsus falsity,
infallibility
fallac:- false –LATIN–
fallax, fallacis fallacy
famili:- a close attendant
–LATIN– famulus familiarity
fant:- to show –GREEK–
φαντάζω fantasy
fasc:- bundle –LATIN–
fascis fasciculation, fascism
fatu:- foolish, useless
–LATIN– fatuus fatuous, infatuation
feder:- treaty,
agreement, contract, league, pact –LATIN– foedus, foederis
confederation, federal
fel:- cat –LATIN–
feles, felis Felinae, feline
felic:- happy, merry –LATIN–
felix, felicis felicity
fell:- suck –LATIN–
fellare fellation
femin:- women, female –LATIN–
femina femininity
femor:- thigh –LATIN–
femur, femoris femoral
fend:-, fens:-
strike –LATIN– fendere,
:-fensus defend, offense fenestr
:- window –LATIN– fenestra
defenestration
fer:- carry –LATIN–
ferre reference, transfer
feroc:- fierce –LATIN–
ferox, ferocis ferocity
ferr:- iron –LATIN–
ferrum ferrous
fet:- stink –LATIN–
fetere fetid, fetor
fic:- fig –LATIN–
ficus Ficus
fid:-, fis:-
faith, trust –LATIN– fides, fidere, fisus confidence, fidelity
fil:- thread –LATIN–
filum filament
fili:- son –LATIN–
filius affiliation
fin:- end –LATIN–
finis finish, final
find:-, fiss:-
split –LATIN– findere, fissus fission, fissures
firm:- fix, settle –LATIN–
firmus, firmare confirmation, firmament
fistul:- hollow, tube –LATIN–
fistula
fl:- blow –LATIN–
flare, flatus flatulence, inflation, insufflation
flacc:- flabby –LATIN–
flaccus, flaccere flaccid
flav:- yellow –LATIN–
flavus flavonoid
flect:-, flex:-
bend –LATIN– flectere, flexus flexible, flexile, flexor, inflection
flig:-, flict:-
strike –LATIN– fligere, flictus conflict, inflict
flor:- flower –LATIN–
flos, floris floral, florid
flu:-, flux:-
flow –LATIN– fluere, fluxus effluent, fluency, influx
foc:- hearth –LATIN–
focus focal
fod:-, foss:-
dig –LATIN– fodere, fossus fossil
foen:- hay –LATIN–
fenuculum
foli:- leaf –LATIN–
folium defoliant
font:- spring –LATIN–
fons, fontis font, fontal, fontanelle
for:- bore, drill –LATIN–
forare, foratus foralite, foramen, foraminifer, perforation
form:- shape –LATIN–
forma conformity, deformity, formation, reformatory
fornic:- vault –LATIN–
fornix, fornicis fornication
fort:- strong –LATIN–
fortis fortification
fove:- shallow round
depression –LATIN– fovea fovea
frang:-, :-fring:-,
fract:-, fragbreak –LATIN– frangere, fractus fracture,
fragment, frangible, infringe
frater:-, fratr:-
brother –LATIN– frater fraternity
fric:-, frict:-
rub –LATIN– fricare, frictus dentifrice, friction
frig:- cold –LATIN–
frigere frigid, frigorific
front:- forehead –LATIN–
frons, frontis confront, frontage, frontal
fruct:-, frug:-
fruit –LATIN– frux, fructis fructose
fug:-, fugit:-
flee –LATIN– fugere centrifuge, fugitive, refuge
fum:- smoke –LATIN–
fumus fume, fumigation
fund:- bottom –LATIN–
fundus, fundare fundamentalism, profundity
fund:-, fus:-
pour –LATIN– fundere, fusus diffusion, effusion, fusion, profuse,
profusion, transfusion, effusive
fung:-, funct:-
do –LATIN– fungi, functus function, fungibility
fur:-, furt:-
steal –LATIN– fur, furare furtive
furc:- fork –LATIN–
furca bifurcation
fusc:- dark –LATIN–
fuscus obfuscation

galact:- milk –GREEK–
γάλα, γαλακτός (gala, galaktos) galactic
gastr:- stomach –GREEK–
γαστήρ (gaster) gastric, gastroenterology
geo:- earth –GREEK–
γῆ (gē), γεω:- (geō:-) geography, geology, geometry
gel:- icy cold –LATIN–
gelum ge-LATIN-, gelid
gen:- race, kind,birth –GREEK–
γένος (genos) eugenics, genocide
ger:-, gest:-
bear, carry –LATIN– gerere, gestus digest, gestation
germin:- sprout –LATIN–
germen, germinis germination
glabr:- hairless –LATIN–
glaber glabrous
glaci:- ice –LATIN–
glacies glacier
gladi:- sword –LATIN–
gladius gladiator
glia:- glue –GREEK–
γλία (glia) glial
glob:- sphere –LATIN–
globus global, globule
glori:- glory –LATIN–
gloria glorify
glutin:- glue –LATIN–
gluten, glutinis agglutination
grad:-, :-gred:-,
gress:- walk, step, go –LATIN– gradus, gradere, gressus
grade, regress
gram:- writing –GREEK–
γράμμα (gramma) grammar, grammatic
gran:- grain –LATIN–
granum granary, granite, granola, granule
grand:- grand –LATIN–
grandis grandiloquous, grandiosity
graph:- draw, write –GREEK–
γραφή (graphē) grapheme, graphic, graphology
grat:- thank, please –LATIN–
gratus gratitude, ingrate
grav:- heavy –LATIN–
gravis aggravation, grave, gravity
greg:- flock –LATIN–
grex, gregis egregious, gregarious, segregation
gubern:- govern, pilot –LATIN–
gubernare gubernatorial
gust:- taste –LATIN–
gustus disgust, gusto
gutt:- drop –LATIN–
gutta gutta, guttifer, guttiform
guttur:- throat –LATIN–
guttur guttural
gymn:- nude –GREEK–
γυμνός (gymnos) gymnasium, gymnastics, gymnosperm
gyn:- woman –GREEK–
γυνή gynecology

hab:-, :-hib:-,
habit:-, :-hibithave –LATIN– habere, habitus
habit, prohibition
haem:-, hem:-
blood –GREEK– αἷμα (haima) haemophilia, hemoglobin
hal:- salt –GREEK–
ἅλς, ἁλός (hals, halos) halogen
hal:-, :-hel:-
breathe –LATIN– halare, halatus anhelation, inhale
hapl:- simple, single –GREEK–
ἁπλοῦς (haplous) haploid, haplotype
haur:-, haust:-
draw –LATIN– haurire, haustus exhaustion
heli:- sun –GREEK–
ἥλιος (hēlios) heliocentric, heliotrope, helium
hemi:- half –GREEK–
ἥμισυς (hēmisus) hemicycle, hemisphere
hen:- one –GREEK–
ἕν (hen) henad, hyphen
hendec:- eleven –GREEK–
ἕνδεκα (hendeka) hendecagon
hept:- seven –GREEK–
ἑπτά (hepta) heptagon, heptathlon, heptode
her:-, hes:-
cling –LATIN– haerere, haesus adhesive, coherent
herb:- grass –LATIN–
herba herbal, herbicide
hered:- heir –LATIN–
heres, heredis heredity
herp:- creep –GREEK–
ἕρπω, ἕρπειν (herpō, herpein) herpes, herpetology
heter:- different,
other –GREEK– ἕτερος (heteros) heterodoxy
heur:- find –GREEK–
εὑρίσκω (heuriskō) heuristic
hex:- six –GREEK–
ἕξ (hex) hexagon, hexahedron, hexode
hibern:- wintry –LATIN–
hibernus hibernation
hiem:- winter –LATIN–
hiems hiemal
hipp:- horse –GREEK–
ἵππος (hippos) hippodrome
hirsut:- hairy –LATIN–
hirtus, hirsutus hirsute
hispid:- bristly –LATIN–
hispidus hispidity, hispidulous
histri:- actor –LATIN–
histrio, histrionis histrionic
hod:- way –GREEK–
ὁδός (hodos) cathode, herpolhode, hodometer
hol:- whole –GREEK–
ὅλος (holos) holistic
hom:- same –GREEK–
ὁμός (homos) homophone, homosexual
home:- like –GREEK–
ὅμοιος (homoios) homeostasis
homin:- human –LATIN–
homo, hominis hominid
homal:- even, flat –GREEK–
ὁμαλός (homalos) anomalous
honor:- esteem –LATIN–
honos, honoris honorable, honorarium
hor:- boundary –GREEK–
ὅρος (horos) aphorism, horizon
hor:- hour –GREEK–
ὥρα (hōra) horoscope
horm:- that which
excites –GREEK– ὁρμή (hormē) hormone
hort:- garden –LATIN–
hortus, horti horticulture
hospit:- host –LATIN–
hospes, hospitis hospital, hospitality, inhospitable
host:- enemy –LATIN–
hostis hostile
hum:- ground –LATIN–
humus, humare exhumation, inhume
hyal:- glass –GREEK–
ὕαλος (hualos) hyaline, hyaloid
hydr:- water –GREEK–
ὕδωρ (hudōr) hydraulics, hydrology, hydrolysis, hydrophily, hydrophobia,
hydroponic, hydrous
hygr:- wet –GREEK–
ὑγρός (hugros) hygrometer
hyo:- U:-shaped
–GREEK– ὑοειδής (huoeidēs) hyoid
hyp:- under –GREEK–
ὑπό (hupo) hypothermia
hyper:- above, over –GREEK–
ὑπέρ (huper) hyperbole, hypertonic
hypn:- sleep –GREEK–
ὕπνος (hupnos) hypnosis
hyster:- later –GREEK–
ὕστερος (husteros) hysteresis

ichthy:- fish –GREEK–
ἰχθύς (ichthus) ichthyology
icos:- twenty –GREEK–
εἴκοσι (eikosi) icosagon, icosahedron
id:- shape –GREEK–
εἶδος (eidos) idol
ide:- idea; thought –GREEK–
ιδέα (idea) ideogram, ideology
idi:- personal –GREEK–
ἴδιος (idios) idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiot
ign:- fire –LATIN–
ignis igneous, ignition
in:- (1), im:-
in, on –LATIN– in import, incur, intend, invite
in:- (2), il:-,
im:-, ir:- not, un:- (negation) –LATIN–
in:- illicit,
impossible, inimical, irrational
infra:- below, under –LATIN–
infra infrastructure
insul:- island –LATIN–
insula insular, insulation
inter:- among, between –LATIN–
inter (preposition) intercollegiate, intermission, intersection
intra:- within –LATIN–
intra intramural
irasc:-, irat:-
be angry –LATIN– irasci irascible, irate
is:-, iso:-
equal, the same –GREEK– ἴσος (isos) isometric, isomorphic, isotropic
iter:- again –LATIN–
iterum, iterare iteration
itiner:- route, way –LATIN–
iter, itineris – march, journey itinerary

jac:- lie –LATIN–
jacēre “to be thrown“ adjacent
jac:- (originally IAC),
:-ject:- cast, throw –LATIN–
iacio, iacere, ieci, iectus – “to throw“ (and cognates
thereof) eject, interject, ejaculate, trajectory
janu:- door –LATIN–
janua janitor
joc:- joke –LATIN–
jocus jocularity
jug:- yoke –LATIN–
jugare, jugum conjugal, subjugate
jung:-, junct:-
join –LATIN– jungere, junctus conjunction, juncture
junior:- younger –LATIN–
junior juniority
jus:-, jur:-,
judic:- (originally IVS) law, justice –LATIN– ius,
iuris; iudex, iudicis judge, jury,
justice
juv:-, jut:-
help –LATIN– juvare, jutus adjutant
juven:- young, youth –LATIN–
juvenis juvenile, rejuvenate
juxta:- beside, near –LATIN–
juxta juxtaposition

kil(o):- thousand –GREEK–
χίλιοι (chilioi) kilobyte, kilogram, kilometer
kine:- movement, motion
–GREEK– κινέω (kineo) telekinesis, kinetic energy, kinesthetic
klept:- steal –GREEK–
κλέπτης (kleptēs) kleptomania
kudo:- glory –GREEK–
κῦδος (kudos) kudos

lab:-, laps:-
slide, slip –LATIN– labi, lapsus elapse, relapse
labi:- lip –LATIN–
labia, labiae bilabial, labial
labor:- toil –LATIN–
labor collaboration, elaboration
lacer:- tear –LATIN–
lacer laceration
lacrim:- cry, tears –LATIN–
lacrima “tear“ lacrimal, lacrimous
lact:- milk –LATIN–
lac, lactis, lactare lactate, lactation, lactose
lamin:- layer, slice –LATIN–
lamina laminate, lamination
lamp:- shine –GREEK–
λαμπάς lampas “torch“ lamp
lapid:- stone –LATIN–
lapis, lapidis lapidary
larg:- large –LATIN–
largus enlargement
larv:- ghost, mask –LATIN–
larva larva, larvae, larval
lat:- broad, wide –LATIN–
latus latitude
later:- side –LATIN–
latus, lateris bilateral
laud:-, laus:-
praise –LATIN– laudere laud
lav:- wash –LATIN–
lavare lavatory
lax:- not tense –LATIN–
laxus, laxare laxative, relaxation
led:-, les:-
hurt –LATIN– laedere, laesus lesion
leg:- law –LATIN–
lex, legis, legare legal, legislative
leg:- send –LATIN–
legare relegate
lei:- smooth –GREEK–
λείος leios leiomyoma
lekan:- dish, pot –GREEK–
λεκάνη lekane lekane
leni:- gentle –LATIN–
lenis, lenire leniency
leon:- lion –LATIN–
leo, leonis Leo, leonine, Leopold
lep:- flake, scale –GREEK–
λέπις lepis Lepidoptera
leps:- grasp, seize –GREEK–
λήψης lepsis epilepsy
leuc(o):-, leuk(o):-
white –GREEK– λευκός leukos leucocyte
lev:- lift, light –LATIN–
levis “light“ (in weight), levare elevator, levitation
liber:- free –LATIN–
liber, liberare liberation, liberty
libr:- book –LATIN–
liber, libri librarian, library
lig:- bind –LATIN–
ligare, ligatus ligament, ligature
limac:- slug –LATIN–
limax, limacis limacoid, limacon
lin:- line –LATIN–
linea line, linearity
lingu:- language,
tongue –LATIN– lingua bilingual, linguistic
linqu:-, lict:-
leave –LATIN– linquere, lictus relict, relinquish
lip:- fat –GREEK–
λίπος lipos lipolysis
liter:- letter –LATIN–
littera alliteration, illiterate, literacy, literal, obliterate
lith:- stone –GREEK–
λίθος (lithos) lithosphere, megalith, monolith, Neolithic Era
loc:- place –LATIN–
locus local, location
log:- thought, word,
speech –GREEK– λόγος (logos) “word“ logic,
monologue, morphological
long:- long –LATIN–
longus elongate, longitude
loqu:-, locut:-
speak –LATIN– loqui allocution, eloquence
luc:- bright, light –LATIN–
lux, lucis light Lucifer (bearer of light)
lud:-, lus:-
play –LATIN– ludere, lusus allude, illusion
lumin:- light –LATIN–
lumen, luminis illumination, luminous
lun:- moon –LATIN–
luna lunar, lunatic
lysis dissolving –GREEK– λύσις
(lusis) analysis, cytolysis, hydrolysis

macro:- long –GREEK– μακρός
(makros) macron
magn:- great, large –LATIN–
magnus magnanimous, magnificent, magnitude
maj:- greater –LATIN– major,
majus majesty, majority, majuscule
mal:- bad, wretched, –LATIN–
malus malfeasance, malicious, malignancy, malodorous
mamm:- breast –LATIN– mamma
mammal, mammary gland
man:- flow –LATIN– mānāre,
manatus emanate, emanationism, immanant, immanation
man:- stay –LATIN– manēre, mansus
immanence, immanent, manse, permanence, permanent, remanence, remanent
mand:- hand –LATIN– mandāre,
mandatus mandate, remand
mania mental illness –GREEK– μανία (manίā)
kleptomania, maniac
manu:- hand –LATIN– manus manual,
manuscript
mar:- sea –LATIN– mare, maris
marine, maritime
mater:-, matrmother –LATIN–
mater, matris maternity, matriarch, matrix
maxim:- greatest –LATIN– maximus
maximum
medi:-, :-midimiddle –LATIN–
medius, mediare median, medieval
meg:- great, large –GREEK– μέγας
(megas) megaphone
mei:- less –GREEK– μεῖον (meiōn)
meiosis
melan:- black, dark –GREEK– μέλας
(melas) Melanesia, melanoma
melior:- better –LATIN– melior
amelioration
mell:- honey –LATIN– mel, mellis
mellifluous
memor:- remember –LATIN– memor
memorial mening
:- membrane –GREEK– μήνιγξ
(meninx) meningitis
men:- month –GREEK– μήν (mēn)
menopause
menstru:- monthly –LATIN– menstruus
menstruation, menstrual
mensur:- measure –LATIN– mensura
commensurate
ment:- mind –LATIN– mens, mentis
demented, mentality
mer:- part –GREEK– μέρος (meros)
polymer
merc:- reward, wages, hire –LATIN–
merx, mercis mercantile, merchant
merg:-, mersdip, plunge –LATIN–
mergere emerge, immersion
mes:- middle –GREEK– μέσος
(mesos) mesolithic, mesozoic
meter:-, metrmeasure –GREEK–
μέτρον (metron) metric, thermometer
meta:- above, among, beyond –GREEK–
μετά (meta) metaphor, metaphysics
mic:- grain –LATIN–
mica micelle
micr:- small –GREEK– μικρός
(mikros) microphone, microscope
migr:- wander –LATIN– migrare
emigrant, migrate
milit:- soldier –LATIN– miles,
militis military, militia
mill:- thousand –LATIN– mille
millennium, million
millen:- thousand each –LATIN–
milleni millenary
mim:- repeat –GREEK– μίμος
(mimos) mime, mimic
min:- jut –LATIN– minere
prominent
min:- less, smaller –LATIN–
minor, minus minority, minuscule
mir:- wonder, amazement –LATIN–
miror, mirari, miratus sum admire, miracle, mirror
mis:- hate –GREEK– μῖσος (misos)
misandry, misogyny
misce:-, mixtmix –LATIN– miscere,
mixtus miscellaneous, mixture
mit:- thread –GREEK– μίτος
(mitos) mitochondrion
mitt:-, miss:- send –LATIN–
mittere, missus intermittent, missionary, transmission
mne:- memory –GREEK– μνήμη
(mnēmē) mnemonic
mol:- grind –LATIN– mola, molere,
molitus molar
moll:- soft –LATIN– mollis
emollient, mollify
mon:- one –GREEK– μόνος (monos)
monism, monolith, monotone
monil:- string of beads –LATIN–
monile Moniliformida
mont:- mountain –LATIN– mons,
montis Montana
mord:- bite –LATIN– mordere,
morsus mordacious, morsel, remorse
morph:- form, shape –GREEK– μορφή
(morphē) anthropomorphism, morpheme, morphology
mort:- death –LATIN– mors, mortis
immortal, mortality, mortuary
mov:-, mot:- move, motion –LATIN–
movere, motus mobile, momentum, motor, move
mulg:-, muls:- milk –LATIN–
mulgere emulsion
mult:- many, much –LATIN– multus
multiple, multiplex, multitude
mur:- wall –LATIN– murus, muri
immured, mural
mus:- thief –LATIN– mus, muris
mouse
musc:- fly –LATIN– musca, muscae
Muscicapidae, Muscidae
mut:- change –LATIN– mutare
mutation
my:- mouse –GREEK– μῦς (mus)
musophobia
myri:- countless, ten thousand –GREEK–
μυρίος (murios) myriad, myriapod
myrmec:- ant –GREEK– μύρμηξ
(murmēx) myrmecoid, Myrmidons
myth:- story –GREEK– μῦθος
(muthos) mythic, mythology
myx:- slime –GREEK– μύξα (muxa)
Myxini
myz:- suck –GREEK–
μυζάω (muzaō) Myzopoda

nar:- nostril –LATIN– naris
narc:- numb –GREEK– νάρκη (narkē)
narcosis, narcotic
narr:- tell –LATIN– narrare
narrative
nas:- nose –LATIN– nasus nasal
nasc:-, nat:- born –LATIN–
nascere, natus nascent, native
naut:- ship –GREEK– ναύτης
(nautes) Argonaut, astronaut
nav:- ship –LATIN– navis naval
ne:- new –GREEK– νέος (neos)
neologism
necr:- dead –GREEK– νεκρός
(nekros) necrophobia
nect:- swimming –GREEK– νηκτός
(nēktos) nectopod
nect:-, nex:- join, tie –LATIN–
nectere, nexus connect, connexion
neg:- say no –LATIN– negare
negative
nema:- hair –GREEK– νῆμα (nēma)
nematode
nemor:- grove, woods –LATIN–
nemus, nemoris nemoral
nephr:- kidney –GREEK– νεφρός
(nephros) nephritis
nes:- island –GREEK– νῆσος
(nēsos) Polynesia
neur:- nerve –GREEK– νευρών
(neurōn) neurology, neurosurgeon
nict:- wink –LATIN– nictari
nictation
nigr:- black –LATIN– niger
denigrate
nihil:- nothing –LATIN– nihilum
annihilation
noct:- night –LATIN– nox, noctis
noctambulist, nocturnal
nod:- knot –LATIN– nodus node,
nodule
nom:- arrangement, law –GREEK–
νόμος (nomos) autonomous, taxonomy
nomad:- those who let pasture herds –GREEK–
νομάς, νομάδος (nomas, nomados) nomadic
nomin:- name –LATIN– nomen,
nominis nomination
non:- not –LATIN– non none non:-
ninth –LATIN– nonus nonary
nonagen:- ninety each –LATIN–
nonageni nonagenary
nonagesim:- ninetieth –LATIN–
nonagesimus nonagesimal
not:- letter, note, paper –LATIN–
notare annotation, notable
noth:- spurious –GREEK– νόθος
(nothos) nothogenus
noto:- back, south –GREEK– νότος
(notos) notochord
nov:- nine –LATIN– novem
November, novennial
nov:- new –LATIN– novus
innovation, nova
noven:- nine each –LATIN– noveni
novenary
novendec:- nineteen –LATIN–
novendecim
nox:-, noc:-
harmful –LATIN– noxa noxious
nu:- nod –LATIN– nuere innuendo
nub:- to marry, to wed –LATIN–
nubes, nubis, nubere connubial, nubile
nuc:- nut –LATIN– nux, nucis
nucleus
nuch:- back of neck –LATIN– nucha
nuchal cord
nud:- naked –LATIN– nudus denude,
nudity
null:- none –LATIN– nullus
nullify
numer:- number –LATIN– numerus
numeral
nunci:- announce –LATIN– nuntius
pronunciation
nupti:- –LATIN– nuptial
nutri:- nourish –LATIN– nutrire
nutrient

ob:-, o:-, oc:-,
of:-, og:-, op:-, osagainst –LATIN–
ob obstinate, obstreperous, occur, offend, omit, oppose, ostentatious
oct:- eight –GREEK– ὀκτώ (oktō)
octagon, octahedron, octode
oct:- eight –LATIN– octō
octangular, octennial, octovir
octav:- eighth –LATIN– octāvus
octaval
octogen:- eighty each –LATIN–
octogeni octogenary
octogesim:- eightieth –LATIN–
octogesimus octogesimal
octon:- eight each –LATIN– octoni
octonary
ocul:- eye –LATIN– oculus,
oculare ocular, oculus, ullage
od:- path, way –GREEK– ὁδός
(hodos) anode, diode, odometer, pentode, tetrode, triode
od:- hate –LATIN– odium odious
odont:- tooth –GREEK– ὀδούς, ὀδόντος
(odous, odontos) odontology
odor:- fragrant –LATIN– odor
odorous
oeco:- house –GREEK– οἶκος
(oikos) ecology
oed:- swollen –GREEK– οἴδημα
(oidēma) oedema
oen:- wine –GREEK– οἶνος (oinos)
oenology
oesophag:- gullet –GREEK– οἰσοφάγος
(oisophagos) oesophagus
ogdo:- eighth –GREEK–
ὄγδοος (ogdoos)
ogdoad :-oid like –GREEK–
:-οειδής (:-oeidēs)
asteroid, mucoid, organoid
ole:- oil –LATIN– oleum oleosity
olecran:- skull of elbow –LATIN–
from –GREEK– ὠλέκρανον (ōlekranon) olecranon
olig:- few –GREEK– ὀλίγος
(oligos) oligarchy
oliv:- olive –LATIN– oliva
olivaceous, olivary,
olivette :-oma cancer –GREEK–
:-ωμα melanoma
omas:- paunch –LATIN– omasum
omasum
oment:- fat skin –LATIN– omentum
omental
omin:- creepy –LATIN– omen,
ominis abominable, ominous
omm:- eye –GREEK– ὄμμα (omma)
ommatidium
omni:- all –LATIN– omnis
omnipotence, omnivore
omo:- shoulder –LATIN–
omphal:- navel –GREEK– ὀμφαλός
(omphalos) omphalectomy
oner:- burden –LATIN– onus, oneris
exonerate, onerous
onom:- name –GREEK– όνομα (onoma)
onomatopoeia
ont:- existing –GREEK– ὄντος
(ontos) ontogeny, ontology
:-onym name –GREEK– ὄνυμα
(onuma) antonym, pseudonym, synonym
oo:- egg –GREEK– (oion) oocyte
opac:- shady –LATIN– opacus opacity
oper:- work –LATIN– opus, operis
inoperable, opera
opercul:- little cover –LATIN–
operculum
ophi:- snake –GREEK– ὄφις (ophis)
ophiophagy
ophthalm:- eye –GREEK– ὀφθαλμός
(ophthalmos) ophthalmology
opisth:- behind –GREEK– ὄπισθεν
(opisthen) opisthosoma, opsimath
opoter:- either –GREEK– ὁπότερος
(hopoteros)
opt:- eye –GREEK– ὀπτός (optos)
optical
opt:- choose –LATIN– optare
adopt, optional
optim:- best –LATIN– optimus
optimum
or:- mouth –LATIN– os, oris oral,
orator
orb:- circle –LATIN– orbis orbit
orch:- testicle –GREEK– ὄρχις
(orchis) orchid
ordin:- order –LATIN– ōrdō,
ordinis ordinal, ordinary
organ:- organ, instrument, tool –GREEK–
ὄργανον (organon) organism
ori:-, ort:- eastern –LATIN–
oriri, ortus orient
orn:- decorate –LATIN– ōrnāre adorn,
ornament, ornate
ornith:- bird –GREEK– ὄρνις
(ornis, ornithos) ornithology
orth:- straight –GREEK– ὀρθός
(orthos) orthodontist, orthodoxy, orthosis
oscill:- swing –LATIN– oscillum
oscillation
oss:- bone –LATIN– os, ossis
ossification
osteo:- bone –GREEK– ὀστοῦν
(ostoun) osteoporosis
osti:- entrance –LATIN– ostium
ostiole
ostrac:- shell –GREEK– ὄστρακον
(ostrakon) ostracism
ot:- ear –GREEK– οὖς, ωτός (ous,
ōtos) otology
ov:- egg –LATIN– ovum oval,
ovary, ovule
ovi:- sheep –LATIN– ovis ovine
oxy:- sharp, pointed –GREEK– ὀξύς
(oxus) oxygen, oxymoron

pac:- peace –LATIN– pax, pacis
pacifism
pach:- thick –GREEK– παχύς
(pachus) pachydermata, Pachypodium
paed:- child –GREEK– παῖς, παιδός
(pais, paidos) paediatric
pagin:- page –LATIN– pagina pagination
pal:- stake –LATIN– palus
impalement, pale
palae:-, pale:- ancient,
old –GREEK– παλαιός (palaios) paleontology
palin:- back –GREEK– πάλιν
(palin) palindrome
pall:- be pale –LATIN– pallere
pallid, pallor
palli:- mantle –LATIN– pallium
pallium
palm:- palm –LATIN– palma palmate
palustr:- in marshes –LATIN–
paluster palustral
pan:-, pam:- all –GREEK–
πᾶς, παντός (pas, pantos) pandemic
pand:-, pans:- spread –LATIN–
pandere, pansus expand, expansion
par(a):- beside, near –GREEK–
παρά (para) parallel, parameter
pariet:- wall –LATIN– paries,
parietis parietal
part:- part –LATIN– pars, partis
bipartite, partition
parthen:- maiden –GREEK– παρθένος
(parthenos) parthenogenesis
parv:- little –LATIN– parvus
parvovirus pasc:-,
past:- feed –LATIN– pascere,
pastus pasture, repast
pass:- pace, step –LATIN– passus
passer:- sparrow –LATIN– passer
passeriform, passerine
pat:- be open –LATIN– patere
patent
path:- feel, hurt –GREEK– πάθος
(pathos) pathetic, pathology
pati:-, pass:- suffer,
feel, endure, permit –LATIN– pati, passus passive, patience
patr:- father –GREEK– πατήρ,
πατριά (patēr, patria) patriarch
patr:- father –LATIN– pater,
patris patrilocal
pauc:- few –LATIN– paucus paucal,
pauciloquent, paucity
pav:- –LATIN– pavire pavement
pecc:- sin –LATIN– peccare
impeccable
pect:- fixed –GREEK– πηκτός
(pēktos) pectic, pectin
pector:- chest –LATIN– pectus,
pectoris pectoral
pecun:- money –LATIN– pecunia
pecuniary
ped:- child –GREEK– παῖς, παιδός
(pais, paidos) pedagogy
ped:- foot –LATIN–
pes, pedis pedal, quadruped
pejor:- worse –LATIN– pejor
pejorative
pell:-, puls:- drive –LATIN–
pellere, pulsus propellent, propulsor, repellent
pen:- almost –LATIN– paene
peninsula, penultimate, penumbra
pend:-, pens:- hang –LATIN–
pendere suspend
penn:-, pinn:- feather –LATIN–
penna pennate, pinnate
pent:- five –GREEK– πέντε (pente)
pentagon, pentode, pentagrid
pentecost:- fiftieth –GREEK–
πεντηκοστός (pentēkostos) pentecostalism
pept:- to digest –GREEK– πέσσειν,
πεπτός (pessein, peptos) peptic, peptide
per:- thoroughly, through –LATIN–
per perfection, permeate, persistence, pervade
peran:- across, beyond –GREEK–
πέραν (peran)
peri:- around –GREEK– περί (peri)
perimeter, peripheral, periscope
persic:- peach –GREEK– περσικός
(persikos)
pessim:- worst –LATIN– pessimus
pessimal
pet:- strive towards –LATIN–
petere appetite, competition
petr:- rock –GREEK– πέτρα (petra)
petroglyph
phae:- dark –GREEK– φαιός
(phaios) phaeomelanin
phag:- eat –GREEK– φαγεῖν
(phagein) sarcophagus
phalang:- close formation of troops,
finger bones –GREEK– φάλαγξ, φάλαγγος (phalanx, phalangos) phalanges
phalar:- having a patch of white –GREEK–
φάλαρος (phalāros) [1] phalarope
pharmac:- drug, medicine –GREEK–
φάρμακον (pharmakon) pharmacy
phaner:- visible –GREEK– φανερός
(phaneros) phanerozoic
pher:- bear, carry –GREEK– φέρω
(pherō) pheromone
phil:-, :-phile love,
friendship –GREEK– φιλέω (phileō, philia) hydrophile, philosophy
phleg:- heat –GREEK– φλέγω
(phlegō) phlegm, phlegmatics
phloe:- tree bark –GREEK– φλοιός
(phloios) phlobaphene, phloem
phob:- fear –GREEK– φόβος
(phobos) hydrophobia
phon:- sound –GREEK– φωνή (phōnē)
homophone, microphone, phonograph
phor:- carry, bear –GREEK– φόρος
(phoros) metaphor
phos:-, phot:- light –GREEK–
φῶς, φωτός (phōs, phōtos) phosphor, photograph
phragm:- fence –GREEK– φράγμα
(phragma) diaphragm
phren:- diaphragm, mind –GREEK–
φρήν, φρενός (phrēn, phrenos) phrenetic, schizophrenia
phryn:- toad, toad:-like –GREEK–
φρύνη (phrunē) Phrynobatrachus
phyl:- tribe –GREEK– φύλον
(phulon) phylogenetics, phylum
phyll:- leaf –GREEK– φύλλον
(phullon) chlorophyll, phyllotaxis
phys:- nature –GREEK– φύσις
(phusis) physics
physalid:- bladder –GREEK–
φυσαλ(λ)ίς (phusal(l)is) physalis
phyt:- plant –GREEK–
φυτόν (phuton) neophyte, phytoplankton
pic:- pitch –LATIN– pix, picis
pil:- hair –LATIN– pilus
depilatory, epilator
pin:- drink –GREEK– πίνειν
(pinein) pinocytosis
pin:- pine –LATIN– pinus pineal
gland
ping:-, pict:- paint –LATIN–
pingere, pictus depiction, picture
pingu:- fat –LATIN– pinguis
Pinguicula
pir:- pear –LATIN– pirus
piriformis muscle
pisc:- fish –LATIN– piscis
Pisces, piscivore
pis:- pea –GREEK– πίσος (pisos)
plac:- plate, tablet –GREEK–
πλάξ, πλακός (plax, plakos)
plac:- calm –LATIN– placare,
placatus placate
plac:-, :-plic:-
please –LATIN– placēre, placitus placebo, placid
plagi:- oblique –GREEK– πλάγιος
(plagios) plagioclase
plan:- flat –LATIN– planus
explanation, planar, plane
plang:-, planct:- –LATIN–
plangere, planctus plangent
plas:- mould –GREEK– πλάθω
(plathō) plasma, plastic
platy:- flat, broad –GREEK–
πλατύς (platus) platypus
plaud:-, :-plod:-,
plaus:-, :-plosapprove, clap –LATIN–
plaudere, plausus applaud, applause, explosion, implode, plaudits, plausible
ple:-, plet:- fill –LATIN–
plere complement, suppletion
pleb:- people –LATIN– plebs,
plebis plebian, plebs
plec:- interwoven –GREEK– πλέκω
(plekō) plectics, symplectomorphism
plect:-, plex:- plait –LATIN–
plectere, plexus perplex
plen:- full –LATIN– plenus
plenary
plesi:- near –GREEK– πλησίος
(plēsios)
pleth:- full –GREEK– πλῆθος
(plēthos) plethora
pleur:- side –GREEK– πλευρά
(pleura)
plic:- fold –LATIN– plicare,
plicatus duplication, replicate
plinth:- brick –GREEK– πλίνθος
(plinthos)
plor:- –LATIN– plorare implore
plu:- rain –LATIN– pluere
plum:- feather –LATIN– pluma
plumage, plumate
plumb:- lead –LATIN– plumbum
plumber
plur:- more –LATIN– pluris plural
plurim:- most –LATIN– plurimus
plus:- more –LATIN– plus surplus
plut:- wealth –GREEK– πλοῦτος
(ploutos) plutocracy
pluvi:- rain –LATIN– pluvia
pluvial
pneu:- air, lung –GREEK– πνεῦμα
(pneuma) pneumatic
pod:- foot –GREEK– πούς, ποδός
(pous, podos) podiatry, tripod
pogon:- beard –GREEK– πώγων,
πώγωνος (pōgōn, pōgōnos) pogonotrophy
poie:- make –GREEK– ποιέω (poieō)
poiesis
pol:- pole –GREEK– πόλος (polos)
dipole, polar
pole:-, poli:- city –GREEK–
πόλις (polis) metropolis, politics
polem:- war –GREEK– πόλεμος
(polemos) polemic
poli:- grey –GREEK– πολιός
(polios)
pollic:- thumb –LATIN– pollex,
pollicis
pollin:- –LATIN– pollen, pollinis
pollination
poly:- many –GREEK– πολύς (polus)
polygon
pon:-, posit:- put –LATIN–
ponere, positus component, position, postpone
ponder:- weight –LATIN– pondus,
ponderis preponderance
pont:- bridge –LATIN– pons,
pontis pontoon
popul:- people –LATIN– populus,
populare population
por:- passage –GREEK– πόρος
(poros) pore
porc:- pig –LATIN– porcus
porcine, pork
porphyr:- purple –GREEK– πορφύρα
(porphura) porphyrin
port:- gate –LATIN– porta portal
port:- carry –LATIN– portare,
portatus export, transportation
post:- after, behind –LATIN– post
posterior, postscript
pot:- drink –LATIN– potus, potare
potable
potam:- river –GREEK– ποταμός
(potamos) hippopotamus, Mesopotamia
prasin:- leek:-green –GREEK–
πράσινος (prasinos) prasinous
prat:- meadow –LATIN– pratum
prav:- crooked –LATIN– pravus
depravity
pre:- before –LATIN– prae
previous
prec:- pray –LATIN– prex, precis,
precāri deprecation
pred:- –LATIN– praeda, praedari
predator
prehend:-, prend:-,
prehensgrasp –LATIN– prehendere, prehensus comprehend
prem:-, :-prim:-,
press:- press –LATIN– premere, pressus pressure
presby:- old –GREEK– πρέσβυς
(presbus) Presbyterianism
preter:- past –LATIN– praeter
preterite, pretermission
preti:- price –LATIN– pretium,
pretiare
prim:- first –LATIN– primus
primary, primeval, primitive
prior:- former –LATIN– prior
priority
priv(i):- separate –LATIN–
privus, privare, privatus deprivation, privilege
pro:- before, in front of –GREEK–
πρό (pro)
pro:- for, forward –LATIN– pro
propulsion
prob:- try –LATIN– probus,
probare probation
proct:- anus –GREEK– πρωκτός
(prōktos) proctology
propri:- one’s own, ownership –LATIN–
proprietas appropriate, property, propriety
pros:- forward –GREEK– πρός
(pros)
prot:- first –GREEK– πρῶτος
(prōtos) protoplasm
proxim:- nearest –LATIN–
proximus, proximare approximate, proximity
prun:- plum –LATIN– prunus prune
psamma:- sand –GREEK– ψάμμος
(psammos)
pseud:- false –GREEK– ψευδής
(pseudēs) pseudonym
psil:- bare –GREEK– ψιλός
(psilos) epsilon
psych:- mind –GREEK– ψυχή
(psuchē) psycho
psychr:- cold –GREEK– ψυχρός
(psuchros)
pter:- wing, fern –GREEK– πτερόν
(pteron) helicopter
pto:- fall –GREEK– πτῶσις
(ptōsis) ptosis
ptyal:- saliva –GREEK– πτύον
(ptuon)
ptych:- fold, layer –GREEK– πτύξ,
πτυχή (ptuchē) triptych
pub:- sexually mature –LATIN–
pubes pubescent, pubic
public:- –LATIN– publicus publication
pude:- –LATIN– pudere impudent
pugn:- fight –LATIN– pugna,
pugnare pugnacious, repugnant
pulchr:- beautiful –LATIN–
pulcher, pulchri pulchritude
pulmon:- lung –LATIN– pulmo,
pulmonis pulmonary
pulver:- dust –LATIN– pulvis,
pulveris pulverize
pung:-, punct:- prick –LATIN–
pungere, punctus puncture, pungent
puni:- punish –LATIN– punire,
punitus impunity, punitive
pup:- doll –LATIN– pupa pupa,
puppet
pur:- pure –LATIN– purus
impurity, purify
purg:- cleanse –LATIN– purgare
expurgate, purgatory, purge
purpur:- purple –LATIN– purpura
put:- prune, reckon –LATIN–
putāre compute, putative
pyg:- rump –GREEK– πυγή (pugē)
pygostyle, callipygian
pyl:- gate –GREEK– πυλών, πυλῶνος
(pulōn) pylon
pyr:- heat, fire –GREEK–
πῦρ, πυρός (pur, puros) pyrolysis Q

quadr:- four –LATIN– quattuor
quadrangle, quadrillion
quadragen:- forty each –LATIN–
quadrageni quadragenary
quadragesim:- fortieth –LATIN–
quadragesimus quadragesimal
quart:- fourth –LATIN– quartus
quartary, quartile
quasi:- as if –LATIN– quasi
quasar
quatern:- four each –LATIN–
quaterni quaternary, quaternion
quati:-, quass:- shake –LATIN–
quatere
quer:-, :-quir:-,
quesit:-, :-quisit:- search, seek –LATIN–
quaerere Inquisition, query
qui:- rest –LATIN– quies quiet,
requiem
quin:- five each –LATIN– quini
quinary
quindecim:- fifteenth –LATIN–
quindecimus quindecimal
quinden:- fifteen each –LATIN–
quindeni quindenary
quinque:- five –LATIN– quinque
quinquennium
quint:- fifth –LATIN– quintus
quintary, quintile
quot:- how many, how great –LATIN–
quota, quotient

rad:-, ras:- scrape, shave
–LATIN– radere, rasus abrade, abrasion, erasure
radi:- beam, spoke –LATIN–
radius, radiare radiance, radiation
radic:- root –LATIN– rādix,
rādīcis eradicate, radical
ram:- branch –LATIN– rāmus
ramification, ramose
ran:- frog –LATIN– rana Rana
ranc:- rancidness, grudge, bitterness –LATIN–
rancere rancid, rancor
rap:- turnip –LATIN– rapum
rapeseed
raph:- seam –GREEK– ῤαφή (rhaphē)
rar:- –LATIN– rarus rarity
rauc:- harsh, hoarse –LATIN–
raucus raucous re:-,
red:- again, back –LATIN– re:-
recede, redact
reg:-, :-rig:-,
rect:- straight –LATIN– regere, rectus dirigible, erect,
erection, rectum
rem:- oar –LATIN– remus bireme,
trireme
ren:- kidney –LATIN– renes renal
rep:-, rept:- crawl, creep
–LATIN– repere, reptus reptile
ret:- net –LATIN– rete reticle,
retina
retro:- backward, behind –LATIN–
retro retrograde, retrospective, retrovirus
rhabd:- rod –GREEK– ῥάβδος
(rhabdos) rhabdoid, rhabdom
rhach:-, rach:-
spine –GREEK– ῥάχις, ῥάχεως (rhachis) rhachiodont
rhag:- tear, rent –GREEK– ῥαγίζω
rhagades
rhe:- flow –GREEK– ῥεῖν (rhein)
rheostat
rhig:- chill –GREEK– ῥῖγος
(rhigos) rhigosaurus
rhin:- nose, snout –GREEK– ῥίς, ῥινός
(rhis, rhinos) rhinoplasty
rhiz:- root –GREEK– ῥίζα (rhiza)
rhizome
rhod:- rose –GREEK– ῥόδον
(rhodon) rhododendron
rhomb:- spinning top –GREEK– ῥόμβος
(rhombos) rhombus
rhynch:- snout –GREEK– ῥύγχος
Rhynchobatus
rid:-, ris:- laugh –LATIN–
ridere, risus derision, ridicule
robor:- oak, strength –LATIN–
robur, roboris corroboration
rod:-, ros:- gnaw –LATIN–
rodere, rosus corrode, erosion, rodent
rog:- ask –LATIN– rogare
derogatory, interrogation
rostr:- beak, prow –LATIN–
rostrum rostral, rostriform, rostrum
rot:- wheel –LATIN– rota, rotare
rotation
ruber:-, rubr:- red –LATIN–
ruber rubric, ruby
rug:- wrinkle –LATIN– ruga,
rugare corrugation
rumin:- throat –LATIN– rumen,
ruminis rumination
rump:-, rupt:- break –LATIN–
rumpere, ruptus eruption, rupture, interrupt
rur:- country –LATIN– rus, ruris
rural

sacchar:- sugar –GREEK– σάκχαρον
(sakcharon) saccharin
sacr:-, secr:- sacred –LATIN–
sacer, sacrare consecrate, sacrament
sagac:- wise –LATIN– sagax,
sagacis sagacity
sagitt:- arrow –LATIN– sagitta
sagittal plane, Sagittaria
sal:- salt –LATIN– sal, salis,
salere salinity
sali:-, :-sili:-,
salt:- jump –LATIN– salire, saltus resilient, salient,
saltus
salic:- willow –LATIN– salix,
salicis salicin
salv:- save –LATIN– salvus,
salvare salvation
san:- healthy –LATIN– sanus
insane, sanity
sanc:- holy –LATIN– sancire, sanctus
sanctify, sanctuary
sanguin:- blood –LATIN– sanguis,
sanguinis consanguinity, sanguine
sapi:-, :-sipi:-
taste, wise –LATIN– sapere insipience, sapient
sapon:- soap –LATIN– sapo,
saponis saponification
sarc:- flesh –GREEK– σάρξ, σαρκός
(sarx, sarkos) sarcophagus
saur:- lizard, reptile –GREEK–
σαῦρος (sauros) dinosaur
sax:- rock –LATIN– saxum scab:-
scratch –LATIN– scabere scabies
scal:- ladder, stairs –LATIN–
scala scalar, scale
scalen:- uneven –GREEK– σκαληνός
(skalēnos) scalene muscles, scalene triangle
scand:-, :-scend:-,
scans:-, :-scensclimb –LATIN– scandere
ascend, transcendent, descend
scaph:- anything hollow, bowl, ship –GREEK–
σκάφη, σκάφος scaphoid bone
scel:- leg, thigh –GREEK– σκέλος,
σκέλεος (skelos) isosceles
schem:- plan –GREEK– σχῆμα
(schēma) schematic
schis:- split –GREEK– σχίζω,
σχίσμα (schisma) schism
sci:- know –LATIN– scire
prescient, science
scind:-, sciss:- split –LATIN–
scindere rescind, scissors
scler:- hard –GREEK– σκληρός
(sklēros) scleroderma, sclerosis
scoli:- crooked –GREEK– σκολιός
(skolios) scoliosis
scop:-, scept:- look at,
examine, view, observe –GREEK– σκέπτομαι, σκοπός (skopos) horoscope,
kaleidoscope, stethoscope
scrib:-, script:- write –LATIN–
scribere, scriptus inscribe, scripture
sculp:- carve –LATIN– sculpere,
sculptus sculpture
scut:- shield –LATIN– scutum
scute
scyph:- cup –GREEK– χούφτα
(chouphta) Scyphozoa
se:-, sed:- apart –LATIN–
se secede, sedition
seb:- tallow –LATIN– sebum
sebaceous, sebum
sec:-, sect:-, seg:-
cut –LATIN– secare secant, section, segment
sed:- settle, calm –LATIN–
sedare, sedatus sedative
sed:-, :-sid:-,
sess:- sit –LATIN– sedere, sessus reside, sediment,
session, supersede
sedec:- sixteen –LATIN– sedecim
sedecimal
seget:- in cornfields –LATIN–
segetum
sei:- shake –GREEK– σείω, σεισμός
(seismos) seismograph
selen:- moon –GREEK– σελήνη
(selēnē) Selene, selenium
sell:- saddle, seat –LATIN– sella
sella turcica
sema:- sign –GREEK– σῆμα (sēma)
semantics, semaphore
semi:- half –LATIN– semis
semifinal
semin:- seed –LATIN– semen,
seminis insemination
sen:- old man –LATIN– senex,
senis senator, senility
sen:- six each –LATIN– seni
senary
senti:-, sens:- feel –LATIN–
sentire, sensus consensus, sentient
sept:- fence, partition, enclosure –LATIN–
saeptum transept
sept:- seven –LATIN– septem
septennial
septen:- seven each –LATIN–
septeni septenary
septim:- seventh –LATIN–
septimus septimal, septime
septuagen:- seventy each –LATIN–
septuageni septuagenary
septuagesim:- seventieth –LATIN–
septuagesimus septuagesima, septuagesimal
septuagint:- seventy –LATIN–
septuaginta Septuagint
sequ:-, secut:- follow –LATIN–
sequere, secutus consecutive, sequence
ser:-, sat:- cultivate –LATIN–
serere, satus sative
ser:- body fluid –LATIN– serum
serous
ser:- late –LATIN– serus serein,
serotine
serp:- crawl, creep –LATIN–
serpere, serptus serpent
serr:- saw, saw:-toothed –LATIN–
serra, serrare serration
serv:- save, protect, serve –LATIN–
servare conservation
sesqui:- one and a half –LATIN–
sesqui sesquicentennial
set:- bristle, hair –LATIN– saeta
seta, setose
sever:- stern, strict, serious –LATIN–
severus severity
sex:-, se:- six –LATIN–
sex semester, sexangle, sexennium
sexagen:- sixty each –LATIN–
sexageni sexagenary
sexagesim:- sixtieth –LATIN–
sexagesimus sexagesimal
sext:- sixth –LATIN– sextus
sextant
sibil:- hiss –LATIN– sibilus,
sibilare sibilance
sicc:- dry –LATIN– siccus
desiccation
sider:- star –LATIN– sidus,
sideris sidereal
sign:- sign –LATIN– signum
design, designate, signal
sil:- quiet or still –LATIN–
silere silence
silv(i):- forest –LATIN– silva
silviculture
simi:- ape, monkey –LATIN– simia
simian
simil:- likeness, trust, group –LATIN–
similis assimilate, similarity
simul:- imitating, feigning –LATIN–
simulare simulation
singul:- one each –LATIN–
singulus singular
sinistr:- left –LATIN– sinister,
sinistri sinistral
sinu:- (to draw) a line –LATIN–
sinuare insinuate
sinus:- hollow, bay –LATIN– sinus
siph(o):- tube –GREEK– σίφων
(siphōn) siphon
sist:- cause to stand –LATIN–
sistere consist, persistence
sit:- food, grain, wheat –GREEK–
σῖτος (sitos) sitology
soci:- group –LATIN– socius,
sociare associate, social
sol:- sun –LATIN– sol, solis
solar
sol:- comfort, soothe –LATIN–
solari consolation, solace
sol:- alone, only –LATIN– solus
desolate, sole, solo, solipsism
solen:- pipe, channel –GREEK–
σωλήν (sōlēn) solenoid
solv:-, solut:-
loosen, set free –LATIN– solvere, solutus dissolve, solution
soma:- body –GREEK– σῶμα, σώματος
(sōma, sōmatos) somatic
somn:- sleep –LATIN– somnus
insomnia
somni:- dream –LATIN– somnium
son:- sound –LATIN– sonus
resonance
soph:- wise –GREEK– σοφός
(sophos) sophist
sorb:-, sorpt:- suck –LATIN–
sorbere absorb, absorption
sord:- dirt –LATIN– sordes,
sordere sordid
soror:- sister –LATIN– soror
sorority
spati:- space –LATIN– spatium
spatial
spec:-, :-spic:-,
spect:- look –LATIN– specere conspicuous, inspection,
specimen
spect:- watch, look at –LATIN–
spectare spectator
specul:- observe –LATIN–
speculari speculation
sper:- hope –LATIN– spes, sperare
desperation, esperance
sperm:- seed –GREEK– σπέρμα
(sperma) angiosperm
sphen:- wedge –GREEK– σφήν
(sphēn)
spher:- ball –GREEK– σφαῖρα
(sphaira) sphere, spheroid
sphinct:- closing –GREEK– σφίγγα
sphincter
spic:- spike –LATIN– spica
spicule
spin:- thorn –LATIN– spina spine
spir:- breathe –LATIN– spirare
respiration
spond:-, spons:- a surety,
guarantee; give assurance, promise solemnly –LATIN– spondere, sponsus
respond
spondyl:- vertebra
spu:-, sput:- spew, spit –LATIN–
spuere sputum
squal:- scaly, dirty, filthy –LATIN–
squalere squalid, squalor
squam:- scale –LATIN– squama
squamous
squarros:- spreading at tips –LATIN–
st:- stand –LATIN– stare, status
stable, station, statistic, statue, status
stagn:- pool of standing water –LATIN–
stagnare stagnant
stalact:- –GREEK– σταλακτίτης
(stalaktitēs) stalactite
stalagm:- –GREEK– σταλαγμός
(stalagmos) stalagmite
stann:- tin –LATIN– stannum
stannous
statu:-, :-stitu:-
stand –LATIN– statuere institution, statute
stea:- fat, tallow –GREEK– στέαρ,
στέατος (stear, steatos)
stearic acid steg:- covering –GREEK–
steganography
stell:- star –LATIN– stella
constellation, stellar
sten:- narrow –GREEK– στενός
(stenos) stenography
stere:- solid –GREEK– στερεός
(stereos)
stern:-, strat:- spread,
strew –LATIN– sternere, stratus stratify
stern:- breastbone –GREEK–
στέρνον (sternon) sternum
stich:- line, row –GREEK– στίχος
(stichos)
stig:- –GREEK– στίγμα (stigma)
stigma
still:- drip –LATIN– stilla,
stillare distillation
stimul:- goad, rouse, excite –LATIN–
stimulus stimulate
stingu:-, stinct:- apart –LATIN–
stinguere distinction, distinguish
stoch:- aim –GREEK– στόχος
stochastic
stom:- mouth –GREEK– στόμα
(stoma) stomatoplasty
strept:- twisted –GREEK– στρεπτός
(streptos)
strig:- compress –LATIN– strix,
strigis strigogyps
strigos:- having stiff bristles –LATIN–
string:-, strict:-
upright, stiff –LATIN– stringere, strictus stringent
stroph:- turning –GREEK– στροφή
(strophē) apostrophe
stru:-, struct:- to make
up, build –LATIN– struere, structus construction, construe
stud:- dedication –LATIN– studere
student
stup:- wonder –LATIN– stupere
stupor
styl:- column, pillar –GREEK– στῦλος
(stulos) stylus
su:-, sut:- sew –LATIN–
suere, sutus suture
sui:- self –LATIN– sui sui
generis, suicide
suad:-, suas:- urge –LATIN–
suadere, suasus persuasion
suav:- sweet –LATIN– suavis suave
sub:-, su:-, suf:-,
sug:-, susbelow –LATIN– sub submerge, suffix, suggest
subter:- under –LATIN– subter
subterfuge
sucr:- sugar –LATIN– sucrose
sud:- sweat –LATIN– sudare
sudoriferous
sulc:- furrow –LATIN– sulcus
sulcus
sum:-, sumpt:- take –LATIN–
sumere, sumptus assumption, consume
super:- above, over –LATIN– super
supersede
supin:- lying back –LATIN–
supinus supination
supra:- above, over –LATIN– supra
supranationalism
surd:- deaf –LATIN– surdus
absurdity
surg:- rise –LATIN– surgere
resurgent
syn:-, sy:-, syl:-,
sym:- with –GREEK– σύν (sun) symbol, symmetry, sympathy,
synchronous, synonym, system
syring:- pipe –GREEK– σύριγξ,
σύριγγος (syrinx, syringos) syringe

tac:-, :-tic:-
be silent –LATIN– tacere, tacitus reticent, tacit
tach:- swift –GREEK– ταχύς
(tachus) tachometer, tachycardia
taeni:- ribbon –GREEK– ταινία
(tainia) taenidium, taeniodont, Taeniolabis
tal:- ankle –LATIN– talus talus
bone
tang:-, :-ting:-,
tact:-, tag:- touch –LATIN– tangere, tactus
contact, tactile, tangent
tapet:- carpet –LATIN– tapete,
tapetis tapestry, tapetum, tapis
tard:- slow –LATIN– tardus
retard, tardigrade, tardy
tars:- ankle –GREEK– ταρσός
(tarsos, a flat basket) tarsal
taur:- bull –GREEK– ταῦρος
(tauros) Minotaur
taur:- bull –LATIN– taurus Taurus
tax:- arrangement, order –GREEK–
τάξις (taxis) taxonomy
techn:- art, skill –GREEK– τέχνη
(technē) technology
teg:-, tect:- cover –LATIN–
tegere, tectus integument, protection
tele:- far, end –GREEK– τῆλε
(tēle) telegram, telephone, telescope
tele:- complete –GREEK– τέλος
(telos) teleology
temn:- cut –GREEK– τέμνω (temnō)
Temnospondyli
tempor:- time –LATIN– tempus,
temporis contemporary, temporal, temporary
ten:-, :-tin:-,
tent:- hold –LATIN– tenere, tentus continent, detention,
tenacious, tenor
tend:-, tens:- stretch,
strain –LATIN– tendere, tensus extend, extension
tenu:- slender, thin –LATIN–
tenuis attenuate, tenuous
tep:- be warm –LATIN– tepere
tepid, tepor
ter:-, trit:- rub –LATIN–
terere, tritus attrition, contrite, detritus, trite
teret:- rounded –LATIN– teres,
teretis subterete, teretial
terg:-, ters:- wipe –LATIN–
tergere, tersus detergent, terse
termin:- boundary, limit, end –LATIN–
terminus determine, terminal, termination
tern:- three each –LATIN– terni
ternary, ternion
terr:- dry land –LATIN– terra
subterranean, terrace, terracotta, terrain
terti:- third –LATIN– tertius
tertian, tertiary
test:- witness –LATIN– testis
testament, testimony
tetr:- four –GREEK– τέσσαρες (tessares)
tetrahedron, tetrode
tex:-, text:- weave –LATIN–
texere, textus context, texture, textile
thalam:- chamber, bed –GREEK–
θάλαμος (thalamos)
thalass:- sea –GREEK– θάλασσα
(thalassa) Panthalassa
than:- death –GREEK– θάνατος
(thanatos) euthanasia
the:-, thus:- god –GREEK–
θεός (theos) enthusiasm, theology
the:- put –GREEK– τίθημι
(tithēmi), θήκη (thēkē) Bibliotheca, theca, theme, thesis
thel:- –GREEK–
θηλή (thēlē)
theori:- speculation –GREEK–
θεωρία (theōria) theorem, theory
ther:- beast, animal –GREEK– θήρ,
θηρός (thēr) theroid, theropod
therm:- heat, warm –GREEK– θερμός
(thermos) endotherm, thermometer
thym:- mood –GREEK– θυμός
(thumos) dysthymia
thyr:- door –GREEK– θύρα (thura)
thyratron
thyre:- large shield –GREEK–
θυρεός (thureos) Thyreophora, thyroid, thyrotropin, thyroxine
tim:- be afraid –LATIN– timere
timid, timorous
ting:-, tinct:- moisten –LATIN–
tingere, tinctus tincture
tom:- cut –GREEK– τομή (tome),
τόμος (tomos) ectomy, atom, tome
ton:- stretch –GREEK– τόνος
(tonos) isotonic, monotone, tone
top:- place –GREEK– τόπος (topos)
topic, topography
torn:- cut –LATIN– from –GREEK–
tornare < τόρνος (tornos)
torpe:- numb –LATIN– torpere
torpent, torpid, torpor
torqu:-, tort:- twist –LATIN–
torquere, tortus extortion, torque, torture
tot:- all, whole –LATIN– totus
subtotal, total, totality
tox:- arrow, bow –GREEK– τόξον
(toxon)
trab:- beam –LATIN– trabs, trabis
trabeculae
trachy:- rough –GREEK– τραχύς
(trachus) trachea
trag:- goat –GREEK– τράγος
(tragos) tragus
trah:-, tract:- draw, pull
–LATIN– trahere, tractus subtrahend, tractor
trans:-, tra:-, tran:-
across –LATIN– trans tradition, transcend, transportation
trapez:- four:-sided,
table –GREEK– τράπεζα (trapeza) trapezius, trapezoid
traum:- wound –GREEK– τραῦμα
(trauma) trauma, traumatic
trecent:- three hundred –LATIN–
trecenti trecentennial, trecentillion
tredec:- thirteen –LATIN–
tredecim tredecimal
treiskaidek:- thirteen –GREEK–
τρεισκαίδεκα (treiskaideka) triskaidekaphobia
trem:- tremble –LATIN– tremere
tremor
trema:- hole –GREEK– τρῆμα
(trēma) trematode
tri:- three –GREEK– τρεῖς, τρία
(treis, tria) triad, trigon, triode, tripod
tri:- three –LATIN– trēs
triangle, triumvirate, trivia
tricen:- thirty each –LATIN–
triceni tricenary
tricesim:-, trigesim:-
thirtieth –LATIN– tricesimus trigesimal
trich:- hair –GREEK– θρίξ, τριχός
(thrix, trichos) peritrichous, trichopathophobia, Trichoptera
trin:- three each –LATIN– trini
trinary, trine, trinity
trit:- third –GREEK– τρίτος
(tritos) tritagonist
troch:- wheel –GREEK– τροχός
(trochos) trochlea
trop:- turning –GREEK– τρόπος
(tropos) heliotropism, psychotropic, tropic
troph:- feed, grow –GREEK– τροφή,
τροφός (trophos) dystrophy, pogonotrophy, trophic
trud:-, trus:-
thrust –LATIN– trudere, trusus extrusion, intrude
tuss:- cough –LATIN– tussis,
tussire pertussis
tympan:- drum –GREEK– τύμπανον
(tumpanon) tympani
typ:- stamp, model –GREEK– τύπος
(tupos) archetype, phenotype, typography

uber:- fruitful –LATIN– uber,
uberare exuberant
uligin:- in marshes –LATIN–
uligo, uliginis uliginous
ulo:- wooly –GREEK–
ultim:- farthest –LATIN– ultimus
ultimatum, ultimate
ultra:- beyond –LATIN– ultra
ultrasonic
umbilic:- navel –LATIN– umbilicus
umbilical
umbr:- shade, shadow –LATIN–
umbra penumbra, umbrella
un:- one –LATIN– unus, unius
unary, unicorn, union
unc:- hooked –LATIN– uncus
uncinate
unci:- ounce, twelfth –LATIN–
uncia uncial
und:- wave –LATIN– unda abundant,
undulate
undecim:- eleventh –LATIN–
undecimus undecimal
unden:- eleven each –LATIN–
undeni undenary
ungui:- claw, nail –LATIN– unguis
ungul:- claw, hoof –LATIN– ungula
ungulate
ur:-, uro:- tail –GREEK–
οὐρά (oura) uroid, uroborus
ur:-, uro:- urine –GREEK–
οὖρον (ouron) urology
urb:- city –LATIN– urbs, urbis
urban, urbanize, suburbanite, urbanism
urg:- work –LATIN– urgere urgent
urs:- bear –LATIN– ursus Ursa
Major, ursine
ut:-, us:- use –LATIN–
uti, usus usual, utility
uv:- grape –LATIN– uva uvea
uxor:- wife –LATIN–
uxor uxoricide V

vac:- empty –LATIN– vacare
vacancy, vacation, vacuum
vad:-, vas:- go –LATIN–
vadere evade, pervasive
vag:- wander –LATIN– vagus,
vagare vagabond, vague
van:- empty, vain, idle –LATIN–
vanus vanity
vap:- lack (of) –LATIN– vapor
evaporation, vapid, vaporize
veh:-, vect:- carry –LATIN–
vehere, vectus vehicle, vector
vel:- veil –LATIN– velum
revelation, velate
vell:-, vuls:- pull –LATIN–
vellere, vulsus convulsion
veloc:- quick –LATIN– velox,
velocis velocity
ven:- vein –LATIN– vena venosity
ven:- hunt –LATIN– venari venison
ven:-, vent:- come –LATIN–
venire advent, convention
vend:- sell –LATIN– vendere
vendor, vending
vener:- respectful –LATIN– venus
veneration, venereal
vent:- wind –LATIN– ventus
ventilation
ventr:- belly –LATIN– venter
ventral
ver:- true –LATIN– verus aver,
veracious, verify, verisimilitude, verity
verb:- word –LATIN– verbum
verbal, verbatim, verbosity
verber:- whip –LATIN– verber
reverberation
verm:- worm –LATIN– vermis
vermiform
vern:- spring –LATIN– ver, vernus
vernal
vert:-, vers:- turn –LATIN–
vertere, versus convert, inversion, invert, vertical
vesic:- bladder –LATIN– vesica
vesical
vesper:- evening, western –LATIN–
vespera vesperal
vest:- clothe, garment –LATIN–
vestis divest, vest
vestig:- track –LATIN– vestigium
investigate
vet:- forbid –LATIN– vetare veto
veter:- old –LATIN– vetus,
veteris inveterate, veteran
vi:- way –LATIN– via deviate,
obvious, via
vic:- change –LATIN– vicis vice
versa, vicissitude
vicen:-, vigen:- twenty –LATIN–
viceni vicenary
vicesim:-, vigesim:-
twentieth –LATIN– vicesimus vicesimary, vicesimation, vigesimal
vid:-, vis:- see –LATIN–
videre, visus video, vision
vil:- cheap –LATIN– vilis vile,
vilify
vill:- shaggy hair, velvet –LATIN–
villus villiform
vin:- wine –LATIN– vinum vinous
vinc:-, vict:- conquer –LATIN–
vincere, victus invincible, victory
vir:- man –LATIN–
vir virility
vir:- green –LATIN– virere virid,
viridian
visc:- thick –LATIN– viscum
viscosity
viscer:- organs of the body cavity –LATIN–
viscus, visceris eviscerate, visceral
vit:- life –LATIN– vita vital,
vitamin
vitell:- yolk –LATIN– vitellus
vitellogenesis
viti:- fault –LATIN– vitium vice,
vitiate
vitr:- glass –LATIN– vitrum
vitreous
viv:- live –LATIN– vivere revive,
survive, vivid
voc:- voice –LATIN– vox, vocis
provocative, vocal, vocation
vol:- fly –LATIN– volare volatility
vol:- wish –LATIN– velle volition
volv:-, volut:- roll –LATIN–
volvere, volutus convolution, revolve
vom:- discharge –LATIN– vomere
vomit
vor:-, vorac:- swallow –LATIN–
vorare, vorax devour, voracious
vov:-, vot:- vow –LATIN–
vovere, votus votive
vulg:- common, crowd –LATIN–
vulgus divulge, vulgarity, vulgate
vulner:- wound –LATIN– vulnus,
vulneris vulnerable
vulp:- fox –LATIN– vulpes, vulpis
vulpine

xanth:- yellow –GREEK– ξάνθος
(xanthos) xanthogenic
xen:- foreign –GREEK– ξένος
(xenos) xenophobia
xer:- dry –GREEK– ξηρός (xēros)
xerography, xerophyte
xiph:- sword –GREEK– ξίφος
(xiphos) xiphoid
xyl:- wood –GREEK– ξύλον (xulon)
xylem, xylophone

zo:- animal, living being –GREEK– protozoa, zoo, zoology
zon:- belt, girdle –GREEK– zone
zyg:- yoke –GREEK– – heterozygous, zygote
zym:- ferment —GREEK– – enzyme, lysozyme

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Whenever learning a new language, students are often overwhelmed by the fact that they must study the grammar and vocabulary. Vocabulary can be tough for anyone, but especially for those learning a new language for the first time or one like Latin which not spoken. However, the vocabulary in Latin should be easier since Latin is integrated into many modern languages: French, Italian, Spanish, English, etc.

Here is a wonderful list of the most basic roots any Latin learner should know! This list is also helpful to anyone wishing to improve their vocabulary along with test taking skills. So, if you are studying for the GRE, MCAT, LSAT, or even the SATs; this is a great chart for you to study, make flash cared and improve your ability to dissect words to discover their meanings!

LATIN ROOT MEANING EXAMPLES ab-, a-, abs- away from, without abnormal, absent, abstain, avert acu- sharp acupuncture, acute, ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- movement to or toward; in addition to accept, adapt, affect, aggression, approximate, ascend ag-, act- do act, agent am-, amat- love amatory, amorous ambi- both sides ambidextrous, ambivalent ann-, -enn- year, yearly anniversary, annual, millennium ante-, anti- before, against antebellum,antediluvian anticipate, aqu- water aquamarine, aquarium, aqueduct audi- to hear, hearing audio, auditorium, audible aug-, auct- grow, increase augment, augend, bell- war antebellum, bellicose, belligent ben- good, well benefit, benevolent bi- two bicycle, binoculars, binary brev- short, brief abbreviation, brevity, cad-, -cid-, cas- fall cadence, accident, case caed-, -cid-, caes-, -cis cut scissor, incision, incisor cand- glowing, brilliant, shiny candle, incandescent, candor, cap-, -cip-, capt-, -cept- take, hold capture, captive, recipient, capit-, -cipit- head capital, precipitation, decapitation carn- flesh carnal, carnivore carp- wrist carpal tunnel syndrome, carpal cav- hollow cavity, cave ced-, cess- go proceed, procession, succession, celer- quick(ly) celerity, acceleration cent- 100 century, cent, ceter- other “et cetera” = “and the rest, others” circum- around circumference, circumnavigate, clar- clear, distinct clarity, declare con-, co-, col-, com-, cor- together community, coalesce, conjoined, corn- horn cornucopia, unicorn cred- believe, trust credulous, credit, incredible curr-, curs- run current (river), cursive de- away from descend, dementia dent- tooth, teeth dental, dentures dict- speak, say dictate, predict, dictionary doc-, doct- teach doctor, doctrine duc-, duct- lead conduct, produce, abduct, dur- hard durable, obdurate, duress ed-, es- eat edible, obesity ego- I, myself, the self egocentric, ego err- stray error, aberration extrem- outer most extreme, extremities, fac-, -fic-, fact, -fect- make, do manufacture, factory, fer- carry, bear transfer fin- end finish, finite form- shape form, formation, conform, deformity fort- strong fort, fortification frang-, -fring-, fract-, frag- break fracture, fragment, infringe fug-, fugit- flee fugitive, refuge fund-, fus- pour fusion, profuse, profusion, transfusion gen- race, kind genes, genetics glob- sphere globe, global grad-, -gred-, gress- walk, step, go transgress, gradations, regress grand- grand, big grandiose, grandeur graph- write, draw telegraph, graphite, grat- thankful, pleased gratitude, gratuity, grateful,ingrate grav- heavy grave, aggravation hab-, -hib-, habit-, -hibit- have habit, inhibit, prohibition, hom- same homogeneous hospit- host hospitality, hospital ign- fire, firey ignite, igneous rocks, ignition in- (1), im- in, on invite, incur, immitate in- (2), il-, im-, ir- not, un, no impossible, irrational, inappropriate, illegal inter- between intermission, intersection intra-, intro- within intramural, introspection irasc-, irat- be or grow angry irate, irascible is-, iso- equal isometric, isosceles triangle jac- lie adjacent ject- throw eject, reject janu- door, begin janitor, january jus-, jur- law jury, justice juven- youthful juvenal labor- work labor, collaboration lacer- tear laceration lact- milk lactate, lactose lamin- layer laminate larv- mask larva, lax- not tense relax, laxative, lax, leg- send legate, relegate lev- lift, hold elevate, lever, levitation liber- free liberty, liberation libr- book library, librarian lig- bind ligament lingu- language, tonigue bilingual, linguistics, liter- letter literal, literacy,obliterate loqu-, locut- speak, speech colloqual, eloquent, luc- light, bright lucent, lucid, Lucifer (bearer of Light) lumin- light luminous lun- moon lunar, lunatic magn- large magnitude, magnanimous manu- hand manual, manufacture man- stay permanent, remanence, medi-, -midi middle middle, medieval, median merc- reward, wages, hire mercenaries, mercantile min- small minute, minority moll- soft mollify, emollient morph- shape morph, morphology mov-, mot- move, motion motive, motivation, movie, motor, mult- many multiple, multiply, multitude nasc-, nat- born natal, native, nascent necr- dead necrophilia, necropolis noct- night nocturnal nu- nod innuendo nunci- announce pronunciation, enunciation ob-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, os- against obstinate, obstreperous, occur, offend, omit, oppose, ostentatious oct- 8 octagon, octopus, -oid -like asteroid (like a star) -onym name antonym, pseudonym orn- decorate ornament, ornate oss- bone ossification ov- egg ovum pac- peace pacifism pal- stake impale pand-, pans- spread pandemic pasc-, past- feed repast pati-, pass feel, suffer patience,passive pauc- few paucal, paucity, pecun- money pecuniary ped- feet quadruped, pedal pell-, puls- drive propellant,repellent pen- almost peninsula, penultimate, penumbra pent- 5 pentagon per- through permeate, persistence, pervade pessim- worst pessimistic pet- strive towards appetite, competition pil- hair depilatory, epilator ping-, pict- paint depiction, picture phon- sound microphone plas- mould plastic plac-, -plic- please placid, plan- flat explanation, planar, plane plaud-, -plod-, plaus-, -plos- approve, clap, applaud explosion, implode, plaudits, plausible plur- more plural, surplus pole-, poli- city metropolis, politics pon-, posit- put component, position, postpone prehend-, prend-, prehens- grasps prehensile, comprehend prem-, -prim-, press- press pressure prim- first primary, primeval, primitive priv- separate deprivation, privilege pro- forward procrastinate, propulsion, produce propri- property, ownership appropriate, property, propriety prot- first protoplasm, prototype proxim- nearest proximity pub- sexually mature pubescent, pubic pugn- fight pugnacious, repugnant pung-, punct- prick puncture, pungent puni- punish punishment, impunity, punitive purg- cleanse expurgate, purge qui- quiet quiet, requiem quot- how many, how great quotient rad-, ras- scrape abrade, erasure reg-, -rig-, rect- straight direct, erect retro- backward, past retrospect, retro, rid-, ris- laugh ridiculous, ridicule, derision rod-, ros- gnaw erosion, rodent rog- ask interrogation, derogatory rump-, rupt- break eruption, rupture, interrupt sacr-, secr- holy sacred, sacrosanct scand-, -scend-, scans-, -scens- climb ascend, descend, transcend scop-, scept look, examine telescope, microscope sec-, sect-, seg- cut dissect, section, segment, sed-, -sid-, sess- sit reside, supesede serv- save, serve conserve, serve, servitude sign- sign design, signal, signature sol- alone desolate, solitude spec-, -spic-, spect- look, see speculation, suspicious st- stand stasis, stable, station stingu-, stinct- apart distinguish, exstinct stru-, struct- build construe, structure sub-, su-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sus- under submarine, suppress, tac-, -tic- be silent reticent, tacit tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag- touch tangible, tactile tempor- time temporal, temporary tend-, tens- stretch extenuate, tension termin- end, boundary terminal, terminate terr- earth terra, terrain, subterranean test- bear witness testimony, testament tex-, text- weave (literal or words) textile, subtext, context, texture tim- be afraid timid, timorous torn-, tourn- turn, rotate tournament, tornado tot- whole, all total, totality trans-, tra-, tran- carry transport, transfer traum- wound trauma, traumatic tri- three triangle, trivia trin- three of each trinity, trinary ultim- farthest ultimate un- one unicorn, unicycle urb- city suburban, urban, ut-, us- use use, utility vad-, vas- go evade, pervasive vag- wander vagabond ven-, vent- come circumvent, convention ver- true, truth aver, veracious, verify, verisimilitude, verity vi- way via, deviate vid-, vis- see visual, vivid, video vinc-, vict- conquer victory, victor vit- life vital viv- live vivid, survive voc- voice vocal, invocation,

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See alsoEdit

External linksEdit

The Roots of Words

Greek Root Words

Latin Root Words

Sources

marekuliasz // Shutterstock

Pra Chid // Shutterstock

Ann

EpicStockMedia // Shutterstock

Aqu

adriaticfoto // Shutterstock

Audi

Evgeny Bakharev // Shutterstock

Bene

MAD_Production // Shutterstock

Bi

Yulia Grigoryeva // Shutterstock

For English Language Teachers or Those Looking to Get Started…

Bibl

frees // Shutterstock

Cent

Hurst Photo // Shutterstock

Circum

otomobil // Shutterstock

Civ

Maridav // Shutterstock

Clar

Halfpoint // Shutterstock

Cred

Shutterstock

Dict

Somnuek saelim // Shutterstock

Ex

Canva

Fract

Vadim Sadovski // Shutterstock

Inter

Billion Photos // Shutterstock

Jur

Peera_stockfoto // Shutterstock

Lax

katjen // Shutterstock

Liber

Champiofoto // Shutterstock

Lumin

SDubi // Shutterstock

Magn

Charley Gallay/Getty Images for Disney

Mal

Fishman64 // Shutterstock

Migr

Hrecheniuk Oleksii // Shutterstock

Multi

richardjohnson // Shutterstock

Neg

Piyapong Wongkam // Shutterstock

Non

MyImages – Micha // Shutterstock

Nov

Krasula // Shutterstock

Ov

Fabrik Bilder // Shutterstock

Pre

Julie Clopper // Shutterstock

Prim

fizkes // Shutterstock

Proxim

Evgeniy Voytik // Shutterstock

Ques

Pixel-Shot // Shutterstock

Re

Andrey Bayda // Shutterstock

Retro

ThamKC // Shutterstock

San

sirtravelalot // Shutterstock

Sci

Shutterstock

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