Word trees in english

This material is intended as pronunciation help for learners of English. The material contains lists of names of trees, with phonetic transcription and Russian translation. Examples of use in sentences are provided at the end of this material.

Usually, the name of a tree is also used as the name of its wood and, in the case of fruit trees, as the name of its fruit. For example, «cherry» may refer to the fruit of a cherry tree, to the cherry tree itself, and also to its wood.

The word «tree» is often added to the names of trees: fir tree, fir trees; pine tree, pine trees; oak tree, oak trees; birch tree, apple tree, walnut tree, etc. (Such words may also be spelled with a hyphen: fir-tree, pine-tree, oak-tree, etc.)

Plural forms of the names of trees are generally formed according to the rules: oak, oaks; fir, firs; spruce, spruces; olive, olives; acacia, acacias; cherry, cherries. Some irregular (or difficult) plural forms are indicated in the lists below.

(Formation of plural nouns is described in Adding the Ending s/es to Nouns and Verbs and Irregular Plural Nouns in the section Writing.)

Note: Names of fruits, vegetables, nuts, herbs and spices are provided in Food Products Main List in the section Vocabulary.

Данный материал предназначен как помощь по произношению для изучающих английский язык. Материал содержит списки названий деревьев, с фонетической транскрипцией и русским переводом. Примеры употребления в предложениях даны в конце этого материала.

Обычно, название дерева также используется как название его древесины, а в случае фруктовых деревьев, и как название его плода. Например, «cherry» может относиться к плоду вишнёвого дерева, к самому вишнёвому дереву, а также к его древесине.

Слово «tree» часто добавляется к названиям деревьев: fir tree, fir trees; pine tree, pine trees; oak tree, oak trees; birch tree, apple tree, walnut tree и т.д. (Такие слова могут также быть с дефисом: fir-tree, pine-tree, oak-tree и т.д.)

Формы множественного числа названий деревьев обычно образуются по правилам: oak, oaks; fir, firs; spruce, spruces; olive, olives; acacia, acacias; cherry, cherries. Некоторые неправильные (или трудные) формы мн. числа указаны в списках ниже.

(Образование множественного числа существительных описывается в материалах «Adding the Ending s/es to Nouns and Verbs» и «Irregular Plural Nouns» в разделе Writing.)

Примечание: Названия фруктов, овощей, орехов, трав и специй даны в материале «Food Products Main List» в разделе Vocabulary.

Transcription symbols in this material

[p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g], [f], [v], [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [sh], [h], [ch], [j], [m], [n], [ŋ], [l], [r], [w];

[i:], [i], [e], [æ], [a:], [o:], [o], [u:], [yu:], [u], [ʌ], [ə], [ər]; [ei], [ai], [au], [ou];

[θ] as in THINK; [ð] as in THIS; [sh] – SHE; [ch] – RICH; [j] – JANE; [ŋ] – LONG;

[a:] as in CAR; [æ] as in CAT; [i:] – SEE; [i] – ILL; [e] – GET; [o:] – MORE; [o] – LOT;

[u:] as in BLUE; [yu:] as in USE; [u] – BOOK; [ʌ] – CUT; [ə] – AWAY; [ər] – SIR;

[ei] as in DAY; [ai] as in MINE; [au] – OUT; [ou] – GO; [y] as in YES.

Transcription is indicated according to American pronunciation. Stress is indicated before stressed syllables. Example of secondary and primary stress before stressed syllables: [,yu:kə’liptəs] (eucalyptus).

Транскрипция указана согласно американскому произношению. Ударение указано перед ударными слогами. Пример второстепенного и главного ударения перед ударными слогами: [,yu:kə’liptəs] (eucalyptus).

Parts of a tree

trunk [trʌŋk] – ствол; stem – ствол; стебель; stalk [sto:k] – стебель;

branch [brænch] (AmE), [bra:nch] (BrE) – ветка, ветвь;

limb [lim] – большая ветка; bough [bau] – сук; bark [ba:rk] – кора;

twig – веточка; маленькая ветка; shoot [shu:t] – росток, побег; молодая веточка;

flower – цветок; blossom [‘blosəm] – цвет, цветение; цветок (особ. плодовых деревьев);

catkin [‘kætkin] – серёжка (соцветие); bud [bʌd] – почка;

fruit [fru:t] – плод; seed [si:d] – семя, семечко; seeds – семена;

leaf [li:f] – лист; leaves [li:vz] – листья; foliage [‘fouliij] – листва, листья;

treetop [‘tri:,top] – верхушка дерева; crown [kraun] – крона;

root [ru:t] – корень; stump [stʌmp] – пень.

Kinds of trees

coniferous [kə’nifərəs], [kou’nifərəs] – хвойный; шишконосный;

coniferous tree – хвойное дерево;

conifer [‘kounəfər], [‘kounifər], [‘konəfər] – хвойное дерево;

evergreen [‘evərgri:n] – вечнозелёный; вечнозелёное растение;

deciduous [di’sijuəs] – листопадный;

deciduous trees – листопадные деревья;

broad-leaved trees, broadleaf trees – широколиственные деревья;

perennial plant [pə’reniəl ‘plænt] – многолетнее растение.

Coniferous trees

pine [pain] – сосна; cedar [‘si:dər] – кедр;

fir [fər] – 1. пихта; 2. ель;

spruce [spru:s] – ель; spruce fir [‘spru:s ‘fər] – ель.

Some species and varieties

cedar pine – сосна кедровая сибирская;

Scotch pine – сосна лесная (сосна обыкновенная);

white pine – сосна белая; red pine – сосна красная;

cedar of Lebanon – ливанский кедр;

white cedar – белый кедр (туя западная);

noble fir [‘noubl ‘fər], [‘noubəl ‘fər] – пихта благородная;

balsam fir [‘bo:lsəm ‘fər] – пихта бальзамическая;

silver fir – пихта европейская (пихта благородная);

Douglas fir [‘dʌgləs ‘fər] – Дугласова пихта (также наз. Douglas pine, Douglas spruce);

Siberian fir [sai’bi:riən ‘fər] – пихта сибирская;

Siberian spruce – ель сибирская;

European spruce (Norway spruce) – ель европейская; ель обыкновенная;

blue spruce [‘blu: ‘spru:s] – ель голубая;

white spruce – ель белая; red spruce – ель красная.

Other conifers

hemlock [‘hemlok], также hemlock spruce [‘hemlok ‘spru:s] – тсуга (хвойное дерево семейства сосновых);

larch [la:rch] – лиственница;

yew [yu:] – тис (тисс);

redwood [‘redwud] – 1. красное дерево; 2. секвойя;

sequoia [si’kwoiə] – секвойя;

cypress [‘saiprəs] – кипарис;

juniper [‘ju:nəpər], [‘ju:nipər] – можжевельник;

thuja [‘θu:jə] – туя.

Примечание: Hemlock

В американском английском, названия «hemlock, hemlock tree, hemlock spruce» имеют в виду американское хвойное дерево семейства сосновых. В британском английском, «hemlock» – ядовитое растение болиголов.

Примечание: Christmas tree; New Year tree

рождественская ёлка (дерево) – Christmas tree; новогодняя ёлка (дерево) – New Year tree;

рождественская ёлка (празднование) – Christmas party;

новогодняя ёлка (празднование) – New Year party; New Year celebration.

Cones, needles

fir cone [koun] – еловая или пихтовая шишка;

spruce cone – еловая шишка; pine cone – сосновая шишка;

fir needles [‘ni:dlz] – еловые или сосновые иглы, хвоя;

spruce needles – еловые иглы; pine needles – сосновые иглы;

cedar nuts – кедровые орехи; juniper berries – можжевеловые ягоды.

Evergreen trees

coniferous trees (except larch) – хвойные деревья (кроме лиственницы);

eucalyptus [,yu:kə’liptəs] – эвкалипт; мн. число: eucalypti; eucalyptuses;

palm [pa:m] – пальма;

box, boxwood [‘boks,wud] – самшит;

citrus trees [‘saitrəs ,tri:z] – цитрусовые деревья (orange, lemon, etc. – см. Fruit trees);

olive [‘oliv] – маслина, олива, оливковое дерево;

allspice tree [‘o:lspais] – гвоздичное дерево; пряность: allspice – гвоздика, перец гвоздичный душистый;

clove tree [‘klouv] – гвоздичное дерево; пряность: cloves – гвоздика;

laurel [‘lo:rəl], [‘lorəl] – лавр, лавровое дерево;

bay laurel [‘bei ,lorəl], bay tree – лавр благородный, лавровое дерево; пряность: bay leaf – лавровый лист;

cacao [kə’ka:ou], cacao tree – какао (дерево); cocoa [‘koukou] – какао (напиток);

sandalwood [‘sændəl,wud] – сандаловое дерево;

magnolia [mæg’noulyə], [mæg’nouliə] – магнолия (evergreen or deciduous);

acacia [ə’keishə] – акация (evergreen or deciduous);

locust tree [‘loukəst,tri:] – псевдоакация; белая акация (deciduous);

mimosa [mi’mousə], [mi’mouzə] – мимоза (серебристая акация);

rubber plant, rubber tree [‘rʌbər] – каучуконос (гевея бразильская и др.);

holly [‘holi] – падуб остролистный.

Deciduous trees

oak [ouk] – дуб (deciduous or evergreen); acorn [‘eiko:rn] – жёлудь;

birch [bərch] – берёза;

larch [la:rch] – лиственница;

maple [‘meipl], [‘meipəl] – клён;

poplar [‘poplər] – тополь;

willow [‘wilou] – ива; weeping willow [‘wi:piŋ ‘wilou] – плакучая ива;

ash [æsh] – ясень; white ash – ясень белый;

mountain ash [‘mauntən ,æsh] – рябина обыкновенная;

rowan [‘rouən], [‘rauən] – рябина (европейская);

aspen [‘æspən] – осина (также наз. quaking aspen, trembling aspen);

lime tree [‘laimtri:] – липа; linden [‘lindən] – липа;

basswood [‘bæswud] – липа (американская);

alder [‘o:ldər] – ольха; black alder – ольха чёрная;

elm [elm] – вяз, ильм; American elm; English elm;

plane [plein], plane tree – платан; buttonwood [‘bʌtənwud] – платан;

sycamore [‘sikəmo:r] – платан, чинар;

palisander [,pæli’sændər], [‘pæli,sændər] – палисандр, палисандровое дерево;

teak [ti:k] – тик, тиковое дерево;

beech [bi:ch] – бук, буковое дерево (deciduous or evergreen);

hornbeam [‘ho:rnbi:m] – граб;

ironwood [‘aiərnwud] – железное дерево;

baobab [‘beiəbæb] – баобаб.

Fruit trees

fruit tree [‘fru:t,tri:] – плодовое дерево, фруктовое дерево;

apple tree [‘æpl,tri:], [‘æpəl,tri:] – яблоня;

pear [peər] – груша;

cherry tree [‘cheri] – вишня;

apricot tree [‘æprəkot], [‘eiprikot] – абрикос;

peach tree [pi:ch] – персик;

plum tree [plʌm] – слива;

orange tree [‘orinj], [‘orənj], [‘o:rinj] – апельсиновое дерево;

lemon tree [‘lemən] – лимонное дерево;

lime tree [‘laim] – лайм (дерево рода цитрус);

grapefruit [‘greipfru:t] – грейпфрут; также наз. pomelo [‘poməlou];

tangerine [,tænjə’ri:n] – мандарин;

pomegranate [‘pom,grænit] – гранат (дерево, кустарник);

fig tree [fig] – инжир, фиговое дерево;

persimmon [pər’simən] – хурма;

date palm [‘deit ,pa:m] – финиковая пальма;

mango [‘mæŋgou] – манго, манговое дерево; мн. число: mangoes, mangos [‘mæŋgouz];

avocado [,ævə’ka:dou] – авокадо; мн. число: avocados [,ævə’ka:douz];

papaya [pə’pa:yə] – папайя (дерево, кустарник);

mulberry [‘mʌl,beri], [‘mʌlbəri] – шелковица, тутовое дерево.

Nut trees

nutwood [‘nʌt,wud] – ореховое дерево или его древесина;

chestnut [‘chesnʌt], [‘chesnət] – каштан;

walnut [‘wo:lnʌt], [‘wo:lnət] – орех, ореховое дерево (грецкий орех);

almond tree [‘a:mənd,tri:], [‘æmənd] – миндаль;

hickory [‘hikəri] – пекан;

coconut palm [‘koukənʌt,pa:m] – кокосовая пальма (также наз. coconut tree);

cashew [‘kæshu:], [kə’shu:] – орех кешью;

pistachio [pis’ta:shiou] – фисташковое дерево, фисташка;

hazel [‘heizəl] – лещина, лесной орех, орешник, фундук (кустарник, дерево); лесной орех (плод) – hazelnut.

Forest, wood

forest [‘fo:rist], [‘forist] – лес, лесной массив;

pine forest – сосновый бор; oak forest – дубрава;

wood, woods [wudz] – лес, роща (обычно меньше, чем forest);

clearing in the woods – поляна в лесу; edge of a wood – опушка леса; path through the woods – тропинка через лес;

grove [grouv] – лесок, роща (небольшая группа деревьев);

orange grove – небольшая роща апельсиновых деревьев; grove of pines – небольшая сосновая роща;

dense forest – густой лес; thin forest – редкий лес;

woodland – лес, лесистая местность; wooded area – лесистый район.

Types of forests

taiga [‘taiga:], [‘taigə] – тайга; tundra [‘tʌndrə], [‘tundrə] – тундра;

coniferous forests – хвойные леса; evergreen forests – вечнозелёные леса;

broad-leaved deciduous forests – широколиственные листопадные леса;

deciduous forest – листопадный (лиственный) лес; mixed forest – смешанный лес;

tropical forest – тропический лес; tropical rain forest – дождевой тропический лес;

jungle [‘jʌŋgl], [‘jʌŋgəl] – джунгли; savanna, savannah [sə’vænə] – саванна;

undergrowth [‘ʌndərgrouθ] (также, underbrush, underwood) – подлесок.

Botanical garden, national park

botanical garden [bə’tænikəl ‘ga:rdən] – ботанический сад;

national park [‘næshənəl ‘pa:rk] (AmE) – заповедник, национальный парк;

sanctuary [‘sæŋkchuəri], [‘sæŋkchu,eri] – заповедник, заказник;

wildlife sanctuary – заповедник живой природы (для животных, птиц, рыб, растений);

wildlife refuge [‘waildlaif ‘refyu:j] – заповедник живой природы;

bird sanctuary – птичий заповедник; deer park – олений заповедник;

game preserve [pri’zərv] – заповедник дичи; hunting preserve – охотничий заповедник;

nature reserve [‘neichər ri’zərv] – природный заповедник; forest reserve – лесной заповедник.

Wood, lumber, timber

wood – дерево, древесина; wooden [‘wudn], [‘wudən] – деревянный;

hardwood [‘ha:rdwud] – твёрдая древесина; дерево твёрдых пород;

softwood [‘softwud] – мягкая древесина; хвойное дерево или его древесина;

lumber [‘lʌmbər] (AmE) – лесоматериал, пиломатериал; строительный материал;

timber [‘timbər] – лесоматериал, пиломатериал; строевой лес; брус, бревно;

log – бревно; wood pulp [‘wudpʌlp] – древесная масса (в производстве бумаги).

Related vocabulary

Plants

plant [plænt] (AmE), [pla:nt] (BrE) – растение;

vegetation [,veji’teishən] – растительность;

shrub [shrʌb], bush [bush] – куст, кустарник;

grass [græs] (AmE), [gra:s] (BrE) – трава;

herb [ərb], [hərb] – трава; растение (особ. лекарственное);

herbs – травы (лекарственные, пряные, кулинарные);

flower [‘flauər] – цветок; wild flowers – полевые цветы;

genus [‘ji:nəs] – род, вид; мн. число: genera [‘jenərə];

species [‘spi:shi:z], [‘spi:si:z] – вид; виды (мн. число без изменения); род;

varieties [və’raiitiz] – разновидности.

Biology, biologist

biology [bai’oləji] – биология; botany [‘botəni] – ботаника;

horticulture [‘ho:rti,kʌlchər] – садоводство; gardening [‘ga:rdniŋ] – садоводство;

forestry [‘foristri] – лесоводство; лесное хозяйство; лесничество;

biologist – биолог; botanist – ботаник; gardener – садовник; садовод;

forester [‘foristər] – лесник, лесничий; keeper – лесник;

gamekeeper – лесник, охраняющий животных;

logger (AmE) – лесоруб; lumberjack (AmE) – лесоруб, дровосек;

lumberman – 1. лесоруб, дровосек; 2. (AmE) лесопромышленник.

Examples in sentences

Coniferous trees are found throughout the world. Pines usually grow in the Northern Hemisphere. Cedars usually grow in Southwest Asia, in the Himalayas, and in North Africa.

Coniferous forests predominate in the taiga stretching across vast areas in the subarctic zones of Eurasia and North America.

Fir, spruce and pine predominate in the taiga forests of Eurasia. Pine and larch are dominant conifers in East Siberia.

There are about 600 species of coniferous trees. Most conifers are evergreens. Larch is a deciduous coniferous tree.

Ash, birch, lime, maple, oak and plane are deciduous trees. Some species of oak are evergreen trees.

Sequoias are giant evergreen coniferous trees that can grow over 100 meters tall and can reach an age of more than 3000 years.

Oregon’s coniferous trees include Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, Sitka spruce, and hemlock. Forests of spruce, fir, and white pine are dominant in Maine.

Fir trees and spruce trees are often used as Christmas trees. Popular choices for Christmas trees are silver fir, noble fir, balsam fir, Norway spruce, blue spruce.

Fir cones grow upward and are raised on branches; spruce cones hang down from branches.

Common hardwoods include ash, beech, birch, cherry, maple, oak, poplar, teak, and walnut. Common softwoods include cedar, fir, pine, spruce, and lime.

Tropical rain forest contains more than four fifths of all the plant species of the world. The Amazon rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world, contains thousands of plant species.

Banyan trees of India are unusual trees. Their branches send additional roots to the ground and become additional trunks, making the tree spread over a large area.

Learning new words in a language is always a tough job. Mounting the words to be learnt in a relatable order with the help of the graphic resource of a tree eases the process. The tree would house necessary definitions and information about those words so that in a compact graphic scenario all the listed words work better for the learner. All this makes learning new words easy and durable. Learning new vocabulary begets hours of practice over a long period of time.

What is a Vocabulary Tree?

Vocabulary tree is a visual organizer to learn/teach new words in a language. Holding the tree theme constant, the root of it would have the root word or morpheme, branches would have the words that stemmed out of that particular word and the leaves can have short descriptions of each branched out the word.

Vocabulary trees are used in schools to teach new words to children. The method of word formation becomes imminent in the vocabulary tree. The whole mechanism of the words being formed with a root word is portrayed graphically in the vocabulary tree setup.

Vocabulary Tree vs Word Lists

Word list is a list of new words with their meanings in the source language of the learner. These lists are the oldest prop in the language learning book to learn vocabulary effectively. People are used to learning words in lists of manageable size. One or two lists a day. Word lists have been working well for many but putting those lists into a graphically organized form of a tree lets people memorize them more easily.

The graphic element in the vocabulary tree tends to be more effective for the learners as they pick up on the visual cues far easier than normal. One might say listing words in specific orders is one kind of visual cue in itself. But experience will tell you that visual cues consisting of pictures are more effective in this case. Vocabulary tree wins this fight off against the word list.

How to Make a Vocabulary Tree?

Making a vocabulary tree depends on a certain level of expertise in the target language on the creator’s part. The learners aim for a similar level of expertise as well. Taking print-out of the picture of a tree and laminating it will allow you to draw and write on it with a marker over and again. But you can choose to draw your own new tree every time you stick vocabulary to it. Both are valid ways to build your vocabulary tree as long as it works for the learner.

Root word/morpheme at the root of the tree and words having the root word in them are situated on the branches. The leaves may hold the meanings or key facts about the branched out words. The tree theme can be used over and again to have a play at different root words and words that are made out of it. After the learners get a hold of how it works, they can attempt their own vocabulary trees.

Visual Memory

Visual memory implies the visuals that stay stuck in your memory. The sensory perception of what’s seen through the eyes assists memories to form and stick. Research proves that people find it easier to put things into perspective when they see it themselves. The same theory implies when we want something to stay in our cognition for longer. When you see it, you learn it quicker.

You see the spelling of words in a new language but what are words if not a bunch of letters crammed up together? One or two months into vocabulary learning, it starts to get boring and learning spelled out words tends to stick less and less in the memory. There comes the need for visual assistance, it will not only spice things up and make it interesting, it will make learning new words more effective.

Visual memory makes connections to spelled out words with how they connect to one another — spelling wise, while the motif of a tree helps position each word in certain proximity on that graph and it would help position the words in the memory for better memorization. The brain finds it easier to memorize lines and pictures in context or formation than endless combinations of the same set of letters.

Vocabulary Tree: Fun Fact

The most interesting part about vocabulary trees is that you find new words that share a root word you’ve seen a lot. Funnily enough, they would share a part of the word and nothing else — not meaning, not parts of speech. I mean, stemming out of the same root word does not mean they have to share anything else like the context they are used in.

For example, the root word «spect» can be seen in the words — «respect,» «expect» and «suspect» but they cannot be farther away in case of what they mean and/or the context they are normally used in.

Advantages of Learning with Vocabulary Trees

Vocabulary trees are a very effective prop for language learning. Let’s look at a few advantages of using them —

• The learners will have a visual cue to remember the newly learnt words with.

• Learners will have a good idea about word formation in the target language.

• Teachers will have to dig deep to create vocabulary trees which will keep them in practice.

• Learners can have the creative authority to mold their tree whichever way is more effective for them.

• Learning new words can be a bit easier than normal with the help of a vocabulary tree.

• Creating these trees can help the maker find new words that stem out of the same root.

Schools for little children as well as language learning academies for adults should make good use of vocabulary trees to get more words into the learners’ vocabulary quicker. The more important deal here is that one should use these vocabulary trees so that the new words do enter their brain and stay there for longer along with their meanings and corresponding words they come up with.

‘Word tree’ is referenced in:

• Blog

• Framework/Guide

• Method

 
Vocabulary Builder Course

Parts of a tree: trunk / leaves / branches / roots

The trunk of a tree is covered in bark:

Trees can provide shade from the heat of the sun:

We find palm trees in tropical regions, and pine trees in colder climates:

Here are two more interesting types of trees: a willow and a birch tree:

When you cut down or chop down a tree, what’s left is a stump:

Trees are cut down in order to provide lumber or timber (wood that will be used for building).

The pieces of wood are called logs when they are still round, and they are called boards after they have been cut into a flat rectangular shape:

The loss of the world’s forests is called deforestation. We need to plant trees in order to make up for the ones we cut down!

Image sources: Mokkie, U.S. Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Kaibab National Forest, Famartin, Andre Carrotflower, Lionel Allorge

Updated on June 7th, 2019 at 02:16

Sight Word Trees: 50+ Practice Pages That Help Kids Master the Top Sight Words and Become Better Readers, Writers, And Spellers

Give children playful opportunities to master the top 50 high-frequency words with this engaging collection of “sight-word trees!” These systematic reproducibles give students plenty of practice with must-know sight words to dramatically improve their reading, writing, and spelling skills. Perfect for homework and a great way to get kids on target to meet the Foundational Skills for Reading outlined in the Common Core Standards! For use with Grades K-2.

Format: PDF
Size: 2.45 MB
Date: 2013
Level: K-2

Download:
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