Word tree of adjectives

What is an adjective?

An adjective is a word that describes something (a noun).
An adjective gives us more information about a person or thing.

Correct order of adjectives

Adjectives sometimes appear after the verb To Be (CARD – LINK TO VIDEO)

The order is To Be + Adjective.

• He is tall.
• She is happy.

Adjectives sometimes appear before a noun.

The order is Adjective + Noun.

• Slow car
• Brown hat

BUT… Sometimes you want to use more than one adjective to describe something (or someone).

What happens if a hat is both brown AND old?

Do we say… an old brown hat OR a brown old hat?

An old brown hat is correct because a certain order for adjectives is expected.

A brown old hat sounds incorrect or not natural.

So what is the correct order of adjectives before a noun?

The order of adjectives before a noun is usually the following:

Opinion – Size – Age – Shape – Color – Origin – Material – Purpose

If we take the first letter of each one, it creates OSASCOMP which is an easy way to remember the order.

Let’s look at an example about describing a bag.

• It is an ugly small old thin red Italian cotton sleeping bag

It is not common to have so many adjectives before a noun, but I do this so you can see the correct order of adjectives.

Ugly is an opinion, small is a size, old refers to age, thin refers to shape, red is a color, Italian refers to its origin, cotton refers to the material the bag is made of, sleeping is the purpose of the bag.

I will go into more details about each of these categories in a moment. First, let’s see two more examples:

• A beautiful long white French silk wedding dress.
• Large ancient Greek clay flower vases.

Let’s study the first one.

Here we have a dress. Dress is a noun, the name of a thing. Let’s describe this dress.

What type of dress is it? What is the purpose of this dress?
It is used for weddings so it is…

• a wedding dress.

Let’s image the dress is made of silk. It isn’t made of plastic or gold, it is made of silk.
Silk is a material so it goes before the purpose. We say it is:

• a silk wedding dress.

Now, this dress was made in France. France is a noun, its adjective is French.
Its origin is French. Its origin, French, goes before the material, Silk. So we say it is:

• a French silk wedding dress.

Let’s add the color of the dress. What color is it? White. Color goes before Origin so we say it is:

• a white French silk wedding dress.

What is the shape of this dress? Is it long or short? It is long. The adjective Long goes under the category of shape because shape also covers weight or length. (We will see more about this in a moment) We now say it is:

• a long white French silk wedding dress.

Let’s add one more adjective. Is the dress beautiful or ugly? Well, you should always say it is beautiful or it will ruin her wedding day.
Beautiful is an opinion and adjectives about opinions go before all the other adjectives. So our final description of the dress is:

• a beautiful long white French silk wedding dress.

Now of course we don’t normally add so many adjectives before a noun. This example is just to show you the order of adjectives.

The order is NOT fixed

IMPORTANT: The order of adjectives before a noun is NOT 100% FIXED.

This chart is only a guide and is the order that is preferred.

You may see or hear slight variations of the order of adjectives in real life though what appears in the chart is the order that is expected the most.

Now, let’s look at each type of adjective in more detail (with examples)…

Types of Adjectives

OPINION

Opinion: These adjectives explain what we think about something. This is our opinion, attitude or observations that we make. Some people may not agree with you because their opinion may be different. These adjectives almost always come before all other adjectives.

Some examples of adjectives referring to opinion are:

• delicious, lovely, nice, cool, pretty, comfortable, difficult

For example: She is sitting in a comfortable green armchair.

Comfortable is my opinion or observation, the armchair looks comfortable. The armchair is also green.
Here we have two adjectives. The order is comfortable green armchair because Opinion (comfortable) is before Color (green).

SIZE

Size: Adjectives about size tell us how big or small something is.

Some examples of adjectives referring to size are:

• big, small, tall, huge, tiny, large, enormous

For example: a big fat red monster.

Notice how big is first because it refers to size and fat is next because it refers to shape or weight. Then finally we have the color red before the noun.

AGE

Age: Adjectives of age tell us how old someone or something is. How old is it?

Some examples of adjectives referring to age are:

• old, young, new, antique, ancient

For example: a scary old house

Scary is my opinion, old refers to the age of the house. Scary is before old because opinion is before age. 

SHAPE

Shape: Also weight and length. These adjectives tell us about the shape of something or how long or short it is. It can also refer to the weight of someone or something.

Some examples of adjectives referring to shape are:

• round, square, long, fat, heavy, oval, skinny, straight

For example: a small round table.

What is the shape of the table? It is round.
What is the size of the table? It is small.
The order is small round table because size is before shape.

COLOR

Color: The color or approximate color of something.

Some examples of adjectives referring to color are:

• green, blue, reddish, purple, pink, orange, red, black, white

(adding ISH at the end makes the color an approximate color, in this case reddish is “approximately red”)

Our example: a long yellow dress.

What is the color of the dress? It is yellow.
The dress is also long. Long which is an adjective of shape or more precisely length, is before an adjective of color.

ORIGIN

Origin: Tells us where something is from or was created.

Some examples of adjectives referring to origin are:

• American, British, Indian, Turkish, Chilean, Australian, Brazilian

Remember, nationalities and places of origin start with a capital letter.

For example: an ancient Egyptian boy.

His origin is Egyptian. Egyptian needs to be with a capital E which is the big E.
Ancient refers to age so it goes before the adjective of origin.

MATERIAL

Material: What is the thing made of or what is it constructed of?

Some examples of adjectives referring to material are:

• gold, wooden, plastic, synthetic, silk, paper, cotton, silver

For example: a beautiful pearl necklace

Pearl is a material. They generally come from oysters.
The necklace is made of what material? It is made of pearls.
The necklace is also beautiful so I put this adjective of opinion before the adjective referring to material.

PURPOSE

Purpose: What is it used for? What is the purpose or use of this thing? Many of these adjectives end in

–ING but not always.

Some examples of adjectives referring to purpose are:

• gardening (as in gardening gloves), shopping (as in shopping bag), riding (as in riding boots)

Our example: a messy computer desk

What is the purpose of the desk? It is a place for my computer, it is designed specifically to use with a computer. It is a computer desk. In this case, the desk is also very messy. Messy is an opinion. Some people think my desk is messy. So, the order is opinion before purpose.

So this is the general order of adjectives in English and you can remember them by the mnemonic OSASCOMP.

BUT did you know that we could add some extra categories?

BONUS ADJECTIVE GROUPS

We can add the adjective categories of Number and Condition.

NUMBER

Number: Tells us the amount or quantity of something.

It is not only for normal cardinal numbers like, one, two, three… but also other words that refer to quantity such as many or several.

Our examples of adjectives referring to numbers are:

• One, two, three, many, several

For example: three hungry dogs

Number adjectives go before all the other adjectives, including adjectives about opinion.
Hungry is a condition or state so the order is Three hungry dogs.

CONDITION

Condition: Tells us the general condition or state of something

Our examples of adjectives referring to condition or state are:

• Clean, wet, rich, hungry, broken, cold, hot, dirty

For example: Two smelly old shoes.

Smelly is a condition or state. Smelly is before old which refers to age. The number two is at the beginning as numbers always are.

Adjectives – Word Order – Summary Chart

Adjectives Word Order – Practice Quiz



Lesson tags: Adjectives, Grammar, Mnemonics, Parts of Speech, Vocabulary, Word Order

Back to: English Course > Descriptions in English

• visible (visible) — invisible (invisible)
• correct (correct, correct, exact) — incorrect (incorrect, incorrect, inaccurate)
• dead (dead) — undead (raised from the dead)
• reasonable (reasonable, reasonable, reasonable) — unreasonable (unreasonable, unreasonable, unreasonable)
• legal (lawful, legal, legal) — illegal (illegal, illegal, illegal)
• local (local, local) — illocal (non-local, non-local)
• practical — impractical (impractical, unrealistic, practically impractical, unusable

Source: https://online-teacher.ru/blog/obrazovanie-prilagatelnyx-english

English Adjectives — Sentence Order and Comparison

An adjective in English is a part of speech that answers the questions: «what?», «What?», «What?», «What?» and denoting a sign of an object. An adjective describes an object or object in terms of color, shape, quality, size, character, origin, and properties.

The main difference between adjectives in the English language is that they do not change forms and endings in different cases, numbers, do not differ when describing nouns of different kinds. Coordination with other words occurs without changing the word form.

Qualitive and relative adjectives

There are two types of adjectives in English:

Qualitative — describe the color, shape, size, taste of the object: beautiful, weak, green, powerful, square, happy;

Relative — describe the origin of the object, what it is made of: wooden, stone, clay, cherry, grape, glass (wooden, stone, clay, cherry, grape, glass). Such adjectives do not have degrees of comparison.

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

Adjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive (initial), comparative, and excellent. The comparative and superlative degrees of quality English adjectives are formed according to special rules, among which there are exceptions that must be remembered.

Comparative degree

The comparative degree of short adjectives consisting of two or fewer syllables is formed by adding the suffix «-er» to the end of the word:

If a short English adjective ends in a closed syllable (from the end — a consonant, vowel, consonant), the last letter is doubled, and only then the suffix «-er» is added:

If a short adjective ends in a consonant + «y», the last letter «y» is changed to «i» and «-er» is added:

If the short word ends in «-e», add «-r»:

The comparative degree of long adjectives consisting of 3 or more syllables is formed using the word «more»:

Superlative degree

To form the superlative of a short adjective, it is necessary to put the definite article and add the suffix «-est»:

The superlong adjective is formed by adding «the most»:

Comparative and superlative exceptions

These English adjectives form a comparative and superlative degree not according to the rules, completely or partially changing the basis of the word.

• good — better — the best (good — better — best);
• bad — worse — the worst (bad — worse — the worst);
• little — less — the least;
• much (with uncountable) / many (with countable) — more — the most (many — more — most);
• far — farther / further — the farthest / the furthest
• old — older / elder — the oldest / the eldest.

“Father” and “further” differ in that the first word implies distances (go farther — go further), the second — has a figurative meaning (watch the film further — see the film further).

«Older» and «elder» differ in meaning: the first word describes age in the literal sense (the piece of furniture is older), the second is used for age relations in the family (my elder brother is my older brother).

There are words, the comparative and superlative degrees of which can be formed in both ways:

clever (smart) — cleverer (smarter) — the cleverest (the smartest)

clever — cleverer — the most clever

polite (polite) — politer — the politest

polite — politer — the most polite

friendly — friendlier — the friendliest

friendly — more friendly — the most friendly

They also include:

common, cruel, gentle, narrow, pleasant, shallow, simple, stupid, quiet.

Comparative expressions using adjectives in sentences

• twice as as — twice as;
• three times as as — three times than;
• half as as — half of something (twice)
• the same as — the same as;
• less than — less than;
• the least / most of all — least / most of all;
• the, the — what, so;
• than — what.

Your bag is twice as heavy as mine. “Your bag is twice the size of mine.

Mary’s copybook costs half as little as ours. — Mary’s notebook costs half ours.

Your dream is the same as important as theirs. “Your dream is as important as theirs.

This flower is less beautiful than that one growing in the garden. “This flower is less beautiful than the one that grows in the garden.

The more careful you are, the easier it is. “The more careful you are, the easier it will be to deal with it.

This exercise is the least difficult of all. — This exercise is the least difficult of all.

Source: https://englishbro.ru/grammar/adjectives-common-rules

Formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives in English

Comparison of adjectives in English is one of the simplest grammatical topics. The reason is that the existing degrees of comparison and methods of their formation largely coincide with those in the Russian language. As in Russian, there are two degrees of comparison in English: comparative и excellent… According to another classification, there is also a positive one — this is the usual form of adjectives.

Comparative forms in English

How the degrees of comparison are formed

There are two ways to form the degrees of comparison: analytical (adding words) and synthetic (adding suffixes). The choice of the desired method of formation depends on the adjectives themselves:

• for monosyllabic (simple) — we use the synthetic method of education
• for the polysyllabic — the analytical method.

Let’s consider all this in detail, giving examples.

Monosyllabic adjectives and the synthetic method for comparing them

Almost all simple adjectives in English form comparative degrees using suffixes:

table of adjectives

There are several cases where adding suffixes requires minor changes to the word itself:

1. If in a monosyllabic adjective there is a short vowel before the final consonant, then we double it:
   • Big — bigger — the biggest
2. The final dumb -e goes off before -er, -est:
   • Nice — nicer — the nicest
3. The final –y is replaced with –i, provided that there is a consonant before –y:

If there is a vowel before -y in a word, there will be no substitutions:

• Gray — greyer — the greyest

Let’s sum up.
In the following picture, you will see an extremely simple diagram of the formation of the degrees of comparison of simple adjectives in English.

the degree of comparison of simple adjectives in English

There are no rules that have no exceptions

There is a small list of exceptions to the general rule: these words completely change their roots:

exclusion list

There is another type of exception, which is a small list of words that have two possible options for the formation of degrees, each of which has its own semantic characteristics. You need to know them in order to use them correctly in the context:

Adjectives with two possible options for the formation of degrees

As for two-syllable adjectives, some of them form their comparative forms as monosyllabic — by adding —er and —is… These include those who

1. Ends in:

   narrow — narrower — the narrowest

Source: https://englishfull.ru/grammatika/sravnenie-prilagatelnih.html

10 ways to tell an adjective from an adverb in English

An adjective is easy to recognize in a sentence by how it affects the noun, changing its properties. For example:

«He bought a shirt.» The word shirt is a noun, but it is not clear what kind of shirt it is. All we know is that someone bought a shirt.

«He bought a beautiful shirt.» In this example, the adjective beautiful appears, which changes the noun shirt, which makes it clear which shirt the person bought.

It is not difficult to recognize an adjective in a sentence — it, as a rule, answers the questions “Which one?”, “Which one?”, “Which one?”.

For example:

“The kind woman gave us a tasty cake.” What woman? Kind (kind). What kind of cake? Tasty

«The small boy is playing with a new toy.» The adjectives small (small) and new (new) tell us which boy and what kind of toy we are talking about.

So, the main thing to remember is the questions that the adjective answers in English:

• What is it?
• Which the?
• Which one?

Adverb

If adjectives affect nouns, changing their properties, then the adverb affects verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. You can easily find an adverb in a sentence with the -ly suffix, because most adverbs in English are formed just by adding it to an adjective. It is important to remember that the adverb answers the question «how?» or «how much?» Let’s look at some examples:

«The pair danced gracefully.» (The couple danced gracefully.) The adverb gracefully influences the verb to dance, making it clear exactly how the couple danced.

«That man is very strong.» (That man is very strong.) In this sentence, the adverb very affects the adjective strong and shows how and how strong the man is. Let’s check by asking the question “how much?”: “How strong is he? He is very strong. » (How strong is he? He is very strong.)

«It was an extremely important meeting.» (This was an extremely important meeting.) The adverb extremely changes the adjective important. We ask the question “how much”: “How important was it? Extremely important. » (How important was it? Extremely important.) It is now clear that the meeting was extremely important.

«She smiled amazingly.» (She smiled an amazing smile.) Here the adverb amazingly affects the verb smile, and tells us how the girl smiled.

So, remember the main rule — the adverb most often answers the question «how?» At the same time, it can also answer the questions «when?», «Where?» and why?».

Additional rules

In English, adjectives usually precede the nouns they refer to. However, if the sentence contains one of the following verbs, the adjective will appear after its noun.

• to be
• to feel
• great taste
• to smell
• to sound
• to look
• to appear
• to seem

Consider the following examples:

«The sky is blue.» (The sky is blue.) The adjective blue refers to the noun sky, but follows the verb is in the sentence, which is the form of the verb be.

«Diana looks happy.» (Diana looks happy.) The adjective happy also follows the noun Diana.

«The music sounds loud.» (Music sounds loud.) The adjective loud follows the noun music in the sentence.

«The juice smells great.» (The juice smells great.) Again, we see the noun juice first, followed by the dependent adjective great.

Avoiding common mistakes

There are adjectives and adverbs in English that are difficult to distinguish by spelling. It is even more difficult to understand the difference in their use. Let’s clarify these situations.

1. Is the adjective bad or the adverb badly?

When you want to talk about your feelings or feelings, you should use the adjective bad. So when you feel bad or unwell, you say “I feel bad”. However, if you say “I feel badly,” it means that you feel dull, as if your hands are numb. Compare these examples:

«The horse smells badly.» Here the adverb badly means that the horse has a bad scent, a poor ability to smell in principle.

«The cat smells bad.» Thanks to the adjective bad, the sentence is no longer about scent, but about the fact that the cat is dirty, smells bad and needs bathing.

Note: In English there is also an expression “I feel badly”. It is used when you need to apologize, express regret. Imagine visiting a friend and accidentally breaking his favorite vase. Then you say, “I feel really badly about the vase”. 

2. Is the adjective good or the adverb well?

It is easy to remember a simple rule that works in the grammar of the English language — the adjective good should be used with the following verbs denoting feelings and states: feel, look, smell, be. While the adverb well combines with live, do. Compare:

«I do well.» Use the adverb well to say that you are doing well and that you are doing well.

«My grandmother looks good.» The adjective good says that the grandmother looks good, not that the grandmother has good eyesight.

«My cat smells pretty good now.» Again, the adjective good does not mean that the cat has a good scent, but that the cat itself smells good, like after bathing.

Note: In English colloquial speech with verbs of feelings and states, it is allowed to use the adverb well in expressions such as “I feel well”. This is due to the fact that many people confuse the adjective good and the adverb well in conversation. However, when talking about action verbs, you should only use the adverb well. For example:

«He plays football well.» (He plays football well.)

«The whole class did well on the exam.» (The whole class did well on the exam.)

3. Adjective sure or adverb surely?

Source: https://skyeng.ru/articles/10-sposobov-otlichit-prilagatelnoe-ot-narechiya-v-anglijskom

Examples of polysyllabic adjectives in English

Each person or object has distinctive characteristics, properties, signs. And in order to tell the interlocutor about them, you need to be able to use the appropriate adjectives correctly.

Today we will study this grammatical category, as well as learn its laws of composing and using the degree of comparison.

In addition, they will help us quickly understand and remember the rules about simple and polysyllabic adjectives in the English language examples, given in the final section.

Grammatical meaning

The role of English adjectives is no different from the role of Russians — to characterize people and describe objects, emphasizing their qualities, signs, properties. Despite the fact that there is always a noun in conjunction with this part of speech, it does not change either the number, gender or case.

• I see a gray bird — I see gray the bird.
• Gray birds are sitting on the branch of the tree — Grey birds sit on a tree branch.
• I gave some bread to the gray bird — I gave some bread to this gray bird.

The only case of changing the form of adjectives in an English sentence is when they are used to compare objects and express superiority.

Comparison forms

Before mastering the methods of comparison, it is necessary to understand that the composition of adjectives is very important for English grammar. They are of three types: simple, complex, and compound.

Compound adjectives are a combination of two words and are written with a hyphen (sometimes together). These combinations consist of adjectives and other parts of speech: numerals, nouns, participles, etc.

• A one-eyed young man lives in this flat — A young one-eyed boy lives in this apartment.
• Mother bought a dark blue suit for my brother — Mom bought my brother a navy blue suit.
• He didn’t want to take a low-paid job — He didn’t want to take a low-paying job.

The composite view is rarely used. Monosyllabic and disyllabic adjectives and words with a large number of syllables are much more common. For the first two groups, comparative forms are formed by changing the stem, and the last category requires additional words. Therefore, we will separately analyze polysyllabic adjectives in English, giving examples of compiling their comparative degrees. Let’s dwell on the first group for now.

Definitions consisting of one syllable, as well as adjectives of two syllables with the endings le, er, ow, y form the degrees of comparison in a suffix way. For the comparative degree it is the suffix -er, and for the superlative one it is est. Since only one person or object can surpass everyone, the article the is put before such adjectives.

• I had done my task by 3 o’clock because it was easy — I completed my task by three o’clock, because she was easy.
• You had done your task faster than I did because your task was cutting easier — You completed your task faster than me, because your task was easier.
• He had done his task earlier than others did because his task was the easy — He completed his task before anyone else, because his task was the lightest.

When changing the degree for monosyllabic adjectives, several nuances related to spelling are characteristic. When the definition ends with one consonant, preceded by a short vowel, it is doubled in the comparative construction. Here we note that the final unreadable vowel e is never doubled.

• It was hot yesterday — It was hot yesterday.
• The weather is getting hotter and hotter — The weather is getting hotter and hotter.

Words ending in -y with a preceding consonant change that letter to i.

• My sister is lazy — My sister is lazy.
• He is the laziest pupil in his class — He is the laziest student in his class.

Note that this group contains special cases that are studied separately.

Polysyllabic adjectives in English construction examples

For definitions that include three or more syllables, no changes occur to the word itself. In drawing up comparative degrees, they are helped by special additional designations: more / less (more / less) and the most / the least (most / least).

Original form	Comparison	Superiority
comfortable room	more comfortable room	the most comfortable room
beautiful butterfly	more beautiful butterfly	the most beautiful butterfly
expensive present	less expensive present	the least expensive present

This method is often used to form comparisons of adjectives in –ed and –ing, which many equate with participles.

• He was more surprised than his brother — He was more surprised than his brother.
• It was the most interesting day of my trip — It was the most interesting day of my trip.

Disyllabic adjectives are often used this way, especially if they end in -ful, -less, -ous.

• Your husband is more careful than my — Your husband is more caring than mine.
• It is the most useless thing in the world — This is the most useless thing in the world.
• Palahniuk is more famous writer than Frei — Palahniuk is a better known writer than Fry.

To the words that are always used for education degrees of comparison additional constructs also include: frequent, careless, modern, normal, certain, foolish, correct, etc.

Some adjectives may even use both methods of constructing comparisons.

Original form	Comparison	Superiority
angry	angrier / more angry	the angriest / the most angry
quiet	quitter / more quitter	the quietest / the most quit
handsome	handsomer / more handsome	the handsomest / the most handsome

This type of word includes common, clever, simple, gentle, stupid, narrow, cruel, pleasant, friendly.

Source: https://speakenglishwell.ru/mnogoslozhnye-prilagatelnye-v-anglijskom-yazyke-primery/

Enjoy learning English online with Puzzle English for free

For knowledge of a foreign language, a wealth of vocabulary is no less important than an understanding of grammar. The more words a person speaks, the freer he feels in a foreign language environment.

The variety of vocabulary is largely determined by the richness of word formation in the English language. The construction of new words is based on general principles. And the one who knows these principles feels much more confident among unfamiliar vocabulary.

The structure of the word and its change

New words are learned gradually. Most often, at first we only understand them in texts or someone else’s speech, and only then we begin to actively use them in ours. Therefore, mastering new vocabulary is a long process and requires patience from the student, active practice of reading, listening and working with a dictionary.

One of the methods to quickly expand your vocabulary is to master the ways of word formation in English. Having understood the principles by which words are built, it is possible to derive the meanings of its cognate words from an already known word.

The building blocks for every word are the root, prefixes and suffixes. The root is the part of the word that carries the main meaning. A word cannot exist without a root. Whereas prefixes and suffixes are an optional part, however, when added to the root, it is they that help form new words. Therefore, when describing word formation in English, we will separate prefix and suffix methods.

All prefixes and suffixes have their own meaning. It is usually quite blurry and serves to change the basic meaning of the word. When a prefix or suffix (or both) is added to the root, their value is added to the root value. This is how a new word turns out.

The formation of new words can lead not only to a change in meaning, but also to change parts of speech. Suffixes are more common in this function. By adding to the root, they translate a word from one part of speech to another, for example, they make an adjective from a verb or a verb from a noun.

So, from one root a whole group can be formed, all the elements of which are interconnected. Therefore, word formation helps learners of English to see the semantic relationships between words and better navigate the variety of vocabulary.

You can get a new word not only through prefixes and suffixes. Another way is compounding, in which two roots are combined into one word, forming a new meaning. In addition, word formation includes the reduction of words and the creation of abbreviations.

Prefixes as a way of word formation in English

A prefix (the term «prefix» is also used) is an element of a word that is placed before the root. Prefix word formation is rarely used by the English language to change parts of speech (as an exception, the prefix «en-» / «em-» for the formation of verbs can be called). But prefixes are actively used to change the meaning of a word. The prefixes themselves can have different meanings, but among them there is a large group of prefixes with a similar function: to change the meaning of a word to the opposite.

1. Prefixes with negative values:

• un-: unpredictable (unpredictable), unable (unable)
• dis-: disapproval, disconnection

Source: https://puzzle-english.com/directory/wordbuilding

Difference between an adverb and an adjective in English: how to distinguish them?

Good or well? Slow or slowly? Hard or hardly? High or highly highly?

Today you will learn the difference between an adverb and an adjective in English and quickly learn how to distinguish them.

These parts of speech very often cause confusion among those who are learning English not only at the beginner level.

That is why it is worthwhile to understand once and for all what adverbs and adjectives are in English, as well as when they are used.

Features of the adjective in English

First, an adjective in English always describes a noun or pronoun, just like in Russian.

That is, if you see an adjective in a sentence, somewhere nearby there will be either a noun or a pronoun (he, she, it, etc.).

For example: Mark’s new bike is RED and yellow… It is very solid as well.

The highlighted words are adjectives.

Second, remember that adjectives never describe other adjectives or verbs.

Adverb and its main properties

With an adverb, the situation is very simple — it always defines a verb, less often an adjective or another adverb.

Very often, adverbs are formed from adjectives by adding a suffix — ly.

For example: slow — slowly, quick — quickly, careful — carefully, nice — nicely, happy — happily etc.

Also, adverbs can be formed from nouns by adding only — Y: wind — windy, sun — sunny, rain — rainy.

But in the English language there are «special» adverbs that are formed in their own way.

For example: good — well. Don’t confuse them!

«Good job «, BUT»Well done «! One cannot say “very well weather «, it is correct to say -» Very good weather «.

There are also such adverbs that seem to be formed from an adjective, only they mean something completely different.

For example: hard — hardly, close — closely, late — lately, near — nearly.

To distinguish an adverb from an adjective, it is worth looking at the context and role of the word in the sentence, that is, what exactly it describes: an object, a person, a phenomenon or an action.

As for adjectives like high, deep, cool, warm, cold, hot, present, shorts etc. when adding a suffix — ly from them an adverb is formed, which is used not literally, but in a figurative sense.

By the way, these adjectives are also used as adverbs without adding a suffix.

Let’s see examples:

• He talked about Alice very highly… — He spoke very highly of Alice.
• Mrs. Tess welcomed us warmly… “Mrs. Tess greeted us warmly.

That’s all.

Enjoy learning English! Subscribe to the newsletter and share useful information with your friends in social networks.

Good Luck!

Source: https://preply.com/blog/2015/06/11/raznitsa-mezhdu-narechiem-i-prilagatelnym-v-anglijskom-kak-ih-otlichat/

Nationalities in English: basic rules

Countries and Nationalities is taught at the very beginning of the elementary level. If you open any textbook of this level, then one of the first lessons will certainly touch upon the topic of countries and nationalities. This is because using the names of different nationalities, it is convenient to practice the use of the verb to be.

From the very first lessons, students will learn how to form the names of nationalities from the names of countries, but the list of words considered is usually small: a maximum of twenty of the most popular countries and nationalities. This is enough for a start, but you will need more knowledge to study further.

In this article, we will explain the basic rules by which the names of nationalities are formed, as well as talk about the various features of using these words.

First of all, please remember that the names of countries, languages, nationalities in English are written with a capital letter.

An adjective can be formed from the name of any country using a certain suffix. For example:

Italy — Italy; Italian — Italian, Italian — Italian.

Do you speak Italian? — Do you speak Italian?
I Italian food. — I love Italian food.
He is from Italy. He is Italian… — He’s from Italy. He is Italian.

As you can see, the same word derived from the name of the country can be used in different ways. This adjective is the name of the language of this country and the name of nationality. Many students, for example, forget about these derivative words and just use the name of the country (Japan food, Spain singer, and so on). The name of the country cannot be an adjective, it cannot describe the nationality or language of the country, so do not make such mistakes.
 

It should be noted that the name of the nationality and the language of the country do not always coincide. For example, in Brazil (Brazil), although there are Brazilians (Brazilian), they speak Portuguese (Portugese). It is the same with Arab countries, where the nationality of the country does not coincide with the language (Arabic).

So, back to suffixes. Some authors try to classify suffixes by geography, making maps like this:

Nevertheless, it is impossible to classify all suffixes according to any one criterion, there are always exceptions. Take the -ESE suffix for example: it would seem to combine with the names of countries in Asia and Africa, but it also forms adjectives from the names of some countries in Europe and South America.

Let’s look at the main suffixes that form adjectives from country names:

-IAN	Adjectives are formed using this suffix, regardless of which letter ends in the name of the country and where it is located. If the country name ends in -IA, then only -N is added:	Argentina — Argentinian Egypt — Egyptian Norway — Norwegian Ukraine — UkrainianBrazil — BrazilianRussia — Russian Australia — AustralianIndonesia — Indonesian
-AN	If the country name ends in -A, then only -N is added, if the name ends in another vowel, -AN is added:	Korea — Korean Venezuela — Venezuelan Chile — Chilean Mexico — Mexican
-ESE	Basically — the countries of Asia, some countries in Africa, other countries in Europe and South America:	China — Chinese Vietnam — Vietnamese Japan — Japanese Lebanon — Lebanese Sudan — Sudanese Taiwan — Taiwanese Portugal — Portuguese
-ISH	Some adjectives are formed with the –ISH suffix:	Britain — British Scotland — Scottish Ireland — IrishWales — Welsh Poland — Polish Turkey — Turkish
-I	Almost all countries that combine with this suffix are Islamic countries, or countries that speak Arabic.	Iraq — Iraqi Pakistan — Pakistani Thailand — ThaiKuwait — Kuwaiti
Other suffixes	Other suffixes can also be called exceptions, since some of them are single, used to form one nationality.	France — French Greece — Greek Switzerland — Swissthe Netherlands — Dutch

As mentioned earlier, many adjectives that can be formed using suffixes are the names of the languages ​​spoken in a particular country. In addition, these adjectives, when combined with nouns, describe something specific to this country:

French literature — French literature Japanese food — Japanese food Mexican traditions — Mexican traditions

Egyptian culture — Egyptian history

In order to talk about nationalities in general, there are several ways in English that we will now get to know.

1. The + ADJECTIVE

You know from the article on the definite article the that the can be combined with adjectives when the adjective refers to a group of people:

The Chinese are very traditional. — The Chinese are very traditional.
The Americans fast food. — Americans love fast food.

Have you noticed that in the above examples the word Americans is used with the ending -S, Chinese — without the ending? There are a few rules to remember about this:

If nationality adjectives have endings –SH, –CH, –SS, –ESE, -I then they are not plural (no -S is added to them):

the French the Swiss the Japanese the Scottish the Iraqi the Iraqi

the Israeli — Israelis

Endings –AN and some others are plural. These adjectives (unlike the above) can also be nouns:

the Ukrainians the Brazilians the Greeks the Greeks

the Thais — residents of Thailand

2. ADJECTIVE + PEOPLE

Any nationality can be designated using the word people in combination with an adjective. The article is not needed:

Chinese people — Chinese people Italian people — Italians

English people — English

3. Nouns

Some nationalities have special nouns that do not match adjectives… These nouns can be used when referring to all representatives of nationality:

Denmark — the Danes Finland — the Finns Great Britain — the British Poland — the Poles Scotland — the Scots Spain — the Spaniards Sweden — the Swedes the Netherlands — the Dutch

Turkey — the Turks

If you are talking about one person, then if this nationality has a noun, then you can use it:

an American — American an Italian — Italian a Pole — Pole a Turk — Turk a Spaniard — Spanish a Briton — British

a Swede — Swede

 If there is no noun, or if you want to clarify the gender of a person, then use the ADJECTIVE + MAN / WOMAN / BOY / GIRL formula:

an English boy a Chinese woman

a French man

(can be written together: a Frenchman)
an English man (can be written together: an Englishman)

There is a term in English demonym (from the Greek demos — people and onym — name). This term is intended to describe people living in a particular area. These are the names of nationalities, ethnic groups, residents of a particular area or a particular city. All of the above adjectives and nouns derived from country names are demonyms. Demonyms are formed mainly by suffixing:

London — Londoner — resident of London Kiev — Kievan — resident of Kiev

Rome — Roman — a resident of Rome

In this article, we will not list all nationalities and other demonyms. To begin with, you just need to know the names of the nationalities of large and frequently mentioned countries. If the need arises, you can easily find lists of all nationalities without exception on the Internet. The main thing is to remember the general rules and constantly supplement your knowledge. And don’t forget to subscribe to our updates! I wish you success! 

Source: https://enginform.com/article/nationalities

The Adjective

§ 29. Adjectives denote signs, qualities or properties of objects.

In English, as in Russian, there are simple, derivatives и complex (compound) adjectives.

Simpleadjectives (Simple adjectives):

nice, green, small, right, good.

Derivativesadjectives (Derived Adjectives)adjectives with suffixes or prefixes):

dirty, childish, friendly, unknown, useful.

Complex (compound) adjectives (compound adjectives):

light-blue, red-hot, good-looking, well-known.

Among the English Complexadjectives there is a special group adjectives with the -ed suffix (complex derivativesadjectives), for example: blue-eyed (blue-eyed), long-legged (leggy), absent-minded (scattered).

§ 30. By value adjectives are divided into two groups — Qualityadjectives (Qualitative Adjectives) and the relativeadjectives (relative adjectives).

Qualitativeadjectives directly indicate the signs and qualities of objects (size, color, weight, etc.):

big, red, difficult, important, heavy.

For qualityadjectives the following properties are characteristic:

1) They have degrees of comparison (see § 34):

big — bigger — (the) biggest

2) They can be defined by adverbs of the degree very, quite, so, too, rather, fairly and others:

very big, quite red, too difficult, rather heavy, fairly interesting.

§ 31. Relativeadjectives denote the signs and qualities of objects through their relationship to other objects, for example: a wooden house (a house made of wood), an American boy (a boy from America), a grammatical exercise (an exercise on grammar), etc.

Relativeadjectives do not have degrees of comparison.

A feature of the English language is that in the meaning relativeadjectives very often there are determinants-nouns (nouns used as prepositive definitions for other nouns). Therefore, in many cases, the Russian relative adjective does not correspond in English adjective, and the determinant is a noun. Compare:

a school library — school library
a football match — football match
London streets — London streets
a pioneer camp — pioneer camp
gold watch — gold watch
winter sports — winter sports

Missing in English possessiveadjectiveslike Russians Petin, Zhenin, daddy, mother’s etc. Their role in English is played by the corresponding nouns in the possessive case.

Tomorrow is mother’s birthday. Tomorrow mother’s birthday.
This is Nick’s book. it Colin book.

§ 32. The main grammatical feature adjectives in English is their immutability in numbers, gender and cases. In this respect, they differ from adjectives in Russian, which are declined, vary in numbers and gender, and can have short and full forms.

Compare:

a gray cat — gray cat
two gray cats — two gray cats
a clever boy — smart boy; a clever girl — a clever girl, etc.

This is a good house. This is a nice home.
This house is good. This house is good.
We live in a good house. We live in a nice house.

As adjectives in English they do not incline, then there is no grammatical agreement between them and the nouns being defined, which is available in Russian.

Functions of adjectives in a sentence

§ 33. In the sentence adjectives perform the following functions:

1) definitions to a noun; adjective-definition in English, it is placed before the noun being defined:

I hope you had a good holiday.
Happy Birthday to you!

Note. Unlike the Russian language adjective-definition not used in English (except excellent degree) without the word being defined. When the noun being defined is omitted, the pronoun one is used instead.

I don’t need the red pencil; give me the black one, please.

Compare: I don’t need a red pencil, give me a black one, please.

2) predicative (the nominal part of the predicate):

Are you hungry?
I’m more thirsty than hungry.
Are you sure the shop is still open?

There is a group in English adjectives, which are used only in the function predicative… This includes adjectives: afraid, a, alive, asleep, awake, glad, ill, sorry.

I’m very glad to see you.I’m so sorry to be late.When I came home my brother was already asleep.Mike’s sisters are very much a.

He’s been ill for two days.

Degrees of Comparisons of Adjectives

§ 34. In English, as in Russian, Qualityadjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive

Source: http://artefact.lib.ru/languages/eng_ebooks_shub_adjective.shtml

Excellent Degree in English

Learning grammar and rules is not enough, it is also important to learn how to communicate in English. Practice and experience show that English for beginners’ children is a topic that causes quite lively disputes and disagreements.

Someone thinks that you should not burden children with learning In order to maintain and improve your speech, you need to communicate with a native English speaker.

Modern technologies do not stand still, Why do we need English? Today this question does not cause any hesitation! Traveling around the world, communicating with foreign citizens, progressing in Basic English Verbs is an item that cannot be ignored when studying a foreign language.

It is not for nothing that this part of speech is called the king.

In English, there are three degrees of comparison for adjectives: comparative, positive, and excellent. The key function of the latter is to demonstrate the strong characteristic of a certain object, in comparison with other nouns. For example, the largest or the smallest. It is important that in order to use a superlative degree, it is necessary that at least three objects or people are involved!

How the degrees of comparison of adjectives in English are formed

Comparative and Superlative Education in English — a topic that needs to be given due attention in the study of the subject. Self-mastering can cause some difficulties, therefore, in order to assimilate the material and learn how to apply it in practice, we strongly recommend not to be lazy and take a few individual lessons! 

First of all, we invite you to find out rule of comparison of adjectives in English… Note that all adjectives can be divided into two groups:

• High quality;
• Relative.

It is noteworthy that not all adjectives lend themselves to comparison. For example, let’s take the word «iron». We cannot say that this chair is more iron than the one that you saw in the previous store. This is lexically incorrect.

Qualitative adjectives can be presented in any form — positive, comparatively excellent.

Formation of the comparative degree of adjectives in English

The comparative degree is used when it comes to 2 or more subjects. We will tell you in detail how to form it.

1. If the adjective consists of 1-2 syllables, then they are considered short. In this case, the ending «er» must be added to the word;
2. If the adjective has an ending «y», then comparatively it simply changes to «i» + «er»;
3. If there is «e» at the end of the adjective, then just add «r»;
4. When there is a combination of a vowel and a consonant at the end of an adjective, the consonant is doubled + «er».
5. If the adjective is long (it includes more than 2 syllables), then here the comparative degree is formed using the words «more» and «less». They just need to be put before the adjective.

How to form a comparative superlative degree in English

To use superlatives, two objects are not enough. Three is the minimum.

1. We add the ending “est” to adjectives with one syllable;
2. An adjective of 3 or more syllables is used together with «most» and «least».

As you can see, this topic seems completely uncomplicated. In reality, there are a lot of nuances and pitfalls, for example — words exclusion of adjectives in English… Once again, we note the fact that if this topic is difficult to learn, then it is better to take a few lessons from a professional teacher!

www.sva39.ru Creation, maintenance and promotion of sites.

Language school LinguaHouse

st. Victory 22 building 3, Reutov, Moscow region.

Source: https://lhcenter.ru/novosti/polezno-znat/37-prevoskhodnaya-stepen-v-anglijskom-yazyke

Suffixes in English: 40 Most Common

Hey.

Source: https://corp.lingualeo.com/ru/2016/11/16/suffiksyi-v-angliyskom-yazyike/

Formation of adjectives by adding a postfix to the verb

When we use postfixes, we enrich the semantics of the English language, making it diverse. This especially applies to the formation of adjectives. Several types of postfixes can be added to the verb stem. Some of them carry a certain meaning.

-able	The ability of the subject to perform any action matters
-ible
-ant	Indicate that an item has a given characteristic or property
-ent
-ive

It is worth noting that the verb stem does not always remain in its initial form and may change when a postfix is ​​added. So, if a verb ends in -y, then the formation of an adjective, it will change to -i. And the final letter -e, as a rule, is not readable and is simply omitted when adding a postfix.

Considering these exceptions, it is important to remember the postfixes disappear, leaving the root of the word. This also applies to the word appreciate. In this case, to form an adjective, replace -ate with-able. Look closely at the table with examples.

relay	Rely on someone	Reliable Website, Good Products. Customer Testimonial	Reliable, trustworthy
Combine	Combine, combine, combine	Combinable	Connecting, combinable, combinable
reverse	Wrap, turn	Reversible	Reversible
Convert	Convert, modify	Convertible	Changeable, convertible, reversible
resist	Resist, resist	resistant	Provide resistance, hardy
it depends	Depend	Dependent	Conditioned, subordinate, dependent
Progress	Make progress, get ahead	Progressive	Perspective, progressive, progressive
Effect	Influence	Effective	Effective, efficient, efficient
appreciate	appreciate, admit	Appreciable	Significant, tangible, substantial

Consider these adjectives in sentences

I’m sure he is a reliable man, I know him for a long time.	I am sure he is a reliable person, I have known him for a long time.
She says these colors are combinable.	She says these colors are compatible.
She is dependent on her mother’s opinion.	She is dependent on her mother’s opinion.
It is one of the most effective ways to solve the problem.	This is one of the most effective ways to solve the problem.
I worked hard, it was a really progressive month.	I worked hard, it was a really progressive month.
The climate of our planet is changing and it isn’t a reversible process.	The climate on our planet is changing and this is an irreversible process.
His help to the company is very appreciable.	His help to the company has been very significant.

Source: https://englishfun.ru/grammatika/obrazovanie-prilagatelnyh-v-anglijskom-yazyke

Прилагательное (adjective) в английском языке – это часть речи, которая обозначает признак предмета и отвечает на вопросы «какой?», «чей?». В данной статье мы рассмотрим все типы прилагательных, субстантивацию и приведем несколько примеров.

Прилагательные в английском языке

Adjectives также можно охарактеризовать как «описательные слова». Они используются для того, чтобы описать или предоставить информацию о предметах, идеях и людях (которые, в свою очередь, выражены местоимением и существительным). Например,

– A beautiful girl was smiling at him. – Красивая девушка улыбалась ему.
Здесь мы встречаем прилагательное beautiful, описывающее сущ-ное girl.

Что хорошо, в английском языке форма прилагательного не изменяется. Ему не важно, стоит ли сущ-ное в женском или мужском роде, единственном или множественном числе, является оно подлежащим или дополнением и т.д. Нужно лишь запомнить это прилагательное, и всё!

Если вам задают вопрос, начинающийся с «Который?» (which?), «Чей?» (whose?), «Какого рода?» (what kind of?), «Сколько?» (how much/many?), то в ответ стоит включить прилагательное.

Некоторые adjectives дают нам настоящую информацию о сущ-ном: возраст, размер, цвет и т.п. (фактические прилагательные – это те, оспорить которые нельзя), а некоторые отражают чьё-либо мнение (nice, horrid, awesome).

[qsm quiz=59]

Морфологический состав

Так же, как и сущ-ные, прилагательные по своему составу классифицируются на:

– простые (simple);
– производные (derivative);
– сложные (compound).

Простые прилагательные

Simple adjectives, как и предполагает название, самый простой (базовый) тип описательных прилагательных. Они не имеют в своём составе никаких префиксов и суффиксов, потому считаются непроизводными прилагательными.

Чаще всего простые прилагательные употребляются для обозначения качества (эмоции, время, звуки, вкусы, внешний вид, форма, материал и многое другое). Вот несколько наиболее употребляемых simple adjectives: bad (плохой), big (большой), free (свободный), little (маленький), new (новый), real (настоящий), white (белый), young (молодой).

Производные прилагательные

Derivative adjectives, опять же, как следует из названия, являются производными от других частей речи (существительных, глаголов и даже иных прилагательных). Образование подобного рода прилагательных происходит за счёт прибавления suffixes и prefixes.

Таблица суффиксов производных прилагательных в английском языке.

Suffix	Adjective
-ant	Important (важный)
-ent	Intelligent (умный)
-ful	Lawful (законный)
-ive	Aggressive (агрессивный)
-y	Fluffy (пушистый)
-ate	Articulate (отчётливый)
-wise	Clockwise (движущийся по часовой стрелке)
-ly	Friendly (дружелюбный)
-ic	Enthusiastic (восторженный)
-ous	Contagious (заразный)
-an	Italian (итальянский)
-ory	Transitory (временный)
-al	Central (центральный)
-ish	Foolish (глупый)
-like	Childlike (невинный)
-en	Woolen (шерстяной)
-able	Capable (способный)
-some	Awesome (классный)
-less	Useless (бесполезный)

Ещё один способ образования adjectives – это употребление причастия настоящего (present participle) и прошедшего (past participle) времени глагола. Вот несколько примеров:

– Interesting-interested (интересный-заинтересованный).
– Exciting-excited (увлекательный-увлечённый).
– Frustrating-frustrated (разочаровывающий-разочарованный).

Как их отличить? Производные прилагательные с суффиксом -ing обозначают то, что вызывает те или иные эмоции/ощущения, а с суффиксом -ed то, что человек ощущает по отношению к чему-либо. И это правило можно подробно изучить в данной статье.

Таблица приставок производных прилагательных.

Prefix	Adjective
Un-	Unusual (необычный)
Pre-	Prewar (предвоенный)
Pro-	Pro-American (проамериканский)
In-	Incorrect (неверный)
Im-	Immature (незрелый)
Il-	Illegible (неразборчивый)
Ir-	Irresponsible (безответственный)
Dis-	Dishonest (бесчестный)

Как вы заметили, почти все приставки английских прилагательных имеют отрицательное значение.

Сложные прилагательные

Compound adjectives – прил-ные, состоящие из двух и более слов, обычно разделяемых дефисом. Есть несколько способов образовать сложные английские прилагательные.

• 1. Прилагательное + Past participle

– Henry is too narrow-minded. – Генри чересчур узкомыслящий.
– I saw a short-haired woman. – Я увидел коротко постриженную женщину.

• 2. Наречие + Past participle

– Tom is an obedient and well-behaved child. – Том послушный и хорошо воспитанный ребёнок.

• 3. Существительное + Past participle

– Jess bought her son the most child-wanted toy. – Джесс купила сыну самую популярную среди детей игрушку.

• 4. Прилагательное + Present participle

– They were stuck in a slow-moving traffic. – Они застряли в медленном движении.

• 5. Наречие + Present participle

– Writing a dictionary is a never-ending process. – Написание словаря – это непрекращающийся процесс.

• 6. Существительное + Present participle

– Canada not only is an English-speaking but also French-speaking country. – Канада – не только англоговорящая, но и франкоговорящая страна.

• 7. Существительное + прилагательное

– This café is smoke-free. – Это кафе для некурящих.

• 8. Прилагательное + существительное

– It was a last-minute decision. – Это было решение, принятое в последнюю минуту.

• 9. Существительное + существительное

– We have five part-time members of staff. – У нас пять сотрудников с частичной занятостью.

Семантические характеристики

По своей семантической структуре (смысловое значение слова) все English adjectives делятся на две большие группы: качественные (qualitative) и относительные (relative). Сейчас мы расскажем о каждом из них.

Качественные прилагательные

Qualitative adjectives обозначают свойства предмета напрямую (great, cold, round и т.д.)

– They’ve bought a round kitchen table. – Они купили круглый кухонный стол.

Качественные прил-ные, в свою очередь, делятся на описательные и ограничивающие.

Descriptive (описательные)

Этот тип считается самым объёмным из всех типов прил-ных. Descriptive adjectives обозначают качество предмета, но в широком смысле слова. Их также классифицируют на несколько подгрупп, в зависимости от того, что они описывают.

• 1. Внешность (appearance)

– She had an arresting face and pointed of chin. – У неё было привлекательное лицо и острый подборок.

• 2. Тип личности (personality)

– The unique and the extraordinary beauty of Diana… – Уникальная и необычная красота Дианы…

• 3. Чувства и эмоции (feelings and emotions)

– She wasn’t bitter. She was sad, though. – Она не была озлобленной. Хотя ей было грустно.

• 4. Форма (shape)

– He picked up a flat thing from the ground. – Он поднял плоскую штуку с земли.

• 5. Размер (size)

– I made some miniature toffee apples. – Я сделала несколько миниатюрных яблок в глазури.

• 6. Время (time)

– Let others praise ancient times. – Позволь другим восхвалять древние времена.

• 7. Количество (quantity)

– They expect little and as a result they get little. – Они ожидают малого и, как правило, получают малое.

• 8. Звук (sound)

– I detest heavy perfume and shrill voices. – Я ненавижу тяжёлый парфюм и резкие голоса.

• 9. Вкус (taste)

– If you’re serving people delicious food, they won’t complain. – Если вы подаёте людям вкусную еду, они не станут жаловаться.

• 10. Цвет (color)

– The morning of the first September was crisp and golden as an apple. – Утро 1го сентября было свежим и золотистым как яблоко.

Limiting (ограничивающие)

Limiting adjectives помогают определить или «ограничить» сущ-ное или местоимение. Выделяют 6 категорий:

• 1. Артикли (articles)

Всего их три: a, an и the.

Артикль ‘a’ употребляется, когда сущ-ное после него начинается с согласной буквы (a tree). Артикль ‘an’ – когда сущ-ное начинается с гласной буквы (an egg). Но вопрос касается не написания, а произношения: например, an hour – не смотря на то, что слово начинается с согласной h, в произношении её нет [ˈaʊə], соответственно, используем ‘an’.

• 2. Указательные прилагательные (demonstrative)

Они отвечают на вопрос «Который?». Всего их четыре: this (этот), that (тот), these (эти), those (те).

– Those cars are my uncle’s. – Те машины принадлежат моему дяде.

• 3. Числа (numbers)

Числа могут выполнять функцию ограничивающего прил-ного и отвечают на вопрос «Сколько?».

– She’s been living there for seven years. – Она живёт там семь лет.

• 4. Притяжательные (possessive)

Как местоимения, так и сущ-ные могут выполнять функцию притяжательного прилагательного. Они отвечают на вопрос «Чей?». Количество местоимений ограничено: my, his, her, its, our, your, their. А вот сущ-ных великое множество: Ralph’s, Meg’s, Omar’s и т.п.

– Miranda’s voice is great. – Голос Миранды великолепен.

• 5. Неопределённые (indefinite)

Отвечает на вопрос «Сколько?».

Список indefinite adjectives:

– another (ещё один);
– any (сколько-нибудь);
– both (оба);
– each (каждый);
– either (любой);
– enough (достаточно);
– few (немного);
– neither (нисколько);
– one (некий);
– other (другой);
– many (много);
– most (большинство);
– much (много);
– several (несколько);
– some (немного).

– We have some cheese in the fridge. – У нас есть немного сыра в холодильнике.

Relative adjectives

Относительные прилагательные описывают предмет косвенно, через отношение к другим предметам. Это может быть материал (silken – шёлковый), место (Asian – азиатский), время (weekly – еженедельный), определённое действие (preparatory – подготовительный).

Они считаются неградуированными прилагательными, т.е. им нельзя дать оценку – very, too, enough и т.д.

Давайте рассмотрим несколько особенностей этого типа adjectives:

• Они имеют определённые суффиксы – -en, -ist, -an, -to, -cal;

• От них нельзя образовать наречие путём добавления суффикса –ly;

• Они не имеют степени сравнения;

• В большинстве случаев в предложении они выполняют функцию определения.

Adjectives
Qualitative	Relative
Descriptive	Limiting

Разница между limiting и relative adjectives

Самая очевидная разница между этими двумя типами состоит в том, что limiting «ограничивают» предмет, к которому они относятся, а relative указывают на определённый признак этого предмета.

Descriptive	Limiting
little finger ― just a small finger	little finger ― the last finger of a hand
fast actions	fast train
foreign manners	foreign languages
musical voice	musical instrument

Интересная статья на тему: So and Such в английском.

Субстантивированные прилагательные в английском языке

В традиционной грамматике субстантивированное слово – это слово или группа слов, которые функционируют как сущ-ные. В современном английском субстантивация прилагательных может быть полной или частичной.

• 1. Полностью субстантивированные прилагательные могут сопровождаться артиклем, иметь форму мн.ч. и использоваться в притяжательном падеже (т.е. полностью «работать» как сущ-ные): the natives (местные), a nothing (ничто).

• 2. Частично субстантивированные прил-ные могут лишь сопровождаться определённым артиклем: the really lucky (настоящий везунчик).

Субстантивация применяется в тех случаях, когда необходимо усилить значение слова или придать стилистический окрас. В последние годы такая практика применяется всё чаще, в особенности среди молодёжи.

Давайте подведём итог: по морфологическому составу выделяют простые, производные и сложные прил-ные, по семантическим характеристикам – качественные (описательные, ограничивающие) и относительные. Если же мы хотим использовать прил-ное в роли сущ-ного, то применяем субстантивацию.

This article chiefly addresses adjectives in Modern English.

English adjectives form a large open category of words in English which, semantically, tend to denote properties such as size, colour, mood, quality, age, etc. with such members as other, big, new, good, different, Cuban, sure, important, and right.^[1][2] Adjectives head adjective phrases, and the most typical members function as modifiers in noun phrases.^[3] Most adjectives either inflect for grade (e.g., big, bigger, biggest) or combine with more and most to form comparatives (e.g., more interesting) and superlatives (e.g., most interesting).^[4] They are characteristically modifiable by very (e.g., very small). A large number of the most typical members combine with the suffix -ly to form adverbs (e.g., final + ly: finally). Most adjectives function as complements in verb phrases (e.g., It looks good), and some license complements of their own (e.g., happy that you’re here).^[5]

The syntax of adjectives and adjective phrasesEdit

Internal structureEdit

An adjective phrase (AdjP) is headed by an adjective and optionally takes dependents. AdjPs can take modifiers, which are usually pre-head adverb phrases (e.g., truly wonderful) or post-head preposition phrases (e.g., too big for you; afraid of the dark). The following tree diagram in the style of The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language shows the AdjP very happy to try, with the adverb very as a modifier and the clause to try as a complement.

Complements of adjectivesEdit

English adjectives can take clauses, preposition phrases, and noun phrases as complements. Clause complements in adjective phrases can be either finite or nonfinite. Finite clause complements can be declarative (e.g., very pleased that I had bought his book) or interrogative (e.g., not sure whether I want to keep reading). Nonfinite clause complements can occur with a subject (e.g., happy for you to prove me wrong) or without a subject (e.g., eager to please). Adjectives that take preposition phrase complements license preposition phrases headed by fixed prepositions. For example, dependent takes preposition phrase complements headed only by on or upon. In some cases, a complement is obligatory; I’m loath to admit it is fine, but *I’m loath is incomplete. A small number of adjectives (due, like, near, unlike, and worth) can take noun phrases as complements.^[6] For example, worth can function as the head of an adjective phrase with a noun phrase complement (e.g., worth a second chance).

Modifiers of adjectivesEdit

The prototypical pre-head modifiers of English adjectives are adverb phrases headed by degree adverbs, such as very and too.^[7][8] For example, the adjective tall can be modified by the adverb phrase very. Less common pre-head modifiers in adjective phrases are noun phrases (e.g., six feet long), preposition phrases (e.g., by no means realistic), and determiner phrases (e.g., that small).^[8]

Preposition phrases function as post-head modifiers in English adjective phrases. In the adjective phrase foolish in the extreme, for example, the preposition phrase in the extreme functions as a modifier. Less commonly, certain adverbs (indeed and still) and one determiner (enough) can head phrases that function as post-head modifiers in adjective phrases (e.g., very harmful indeed, sweeter still, and fair enough).^[8]

FunctionsEdit

While adjectives themselves function only as heads in adjective phrases (an AdjP is often a head adjective with no dependents), adjective phrases function at the clause level as predicative complements and predicative adjuncts. At the phrase level, adjective phrases function as modifiers and predeterminatives in noun phrases and complements in some preposition phrases (e.g., they didn’t look as good).^[9]

Predicative complementsEdit

At the clause level, adjective phrases commonly appear as predicative complements.^[10] A predicative complement is a constituent that ascribes a property to a predicand. For example, The dinner was lovely ascribes the property of being lovely to the dinner, the syntactic subject and semantic predicand. Predicative complements may be subject-related, as in the previous example, or object-related, the latter being licensed by complex transitive verbs such as feel and make, as in That made her hungry, where the property of being hungry is ascribed to the syntactic object and semantic predicand, her.^[10]

Predicative adjunctsEdit

Adjective phrases also function as predicative adjuncts in clause structure. Such adjective phrases can be integrated into the clause (e.g., Love dies young) or detached from the clause as a supplement (e.g., Happy to see her, I wept). Adjective phrases functioning as predicative adjuncts are typically interpreted with the subject of the main clause being the predicand of the adjunct (i.e., «I was happy to see her»).^[11] When this is not the case, such supplements are often deprecated as dangling modifiers.

Modifiers within noun phrasesEdit

Adjective phrases often function as pre-head (or attributive) modifiers in noun phrases, occurring after any determinative in the noun phrase (NP) (e.g., some nice folks). In some cases they are post-head (or postpositive) modifiers, with particular adjectives like galore (e.g., stories galore) or with certain compound heads like somebody (e.g., somebody special).^[12]

Predeterminatives within noun phrasesEdit

Adjective phrases can function as predeterminatives under certain conditions. Specifically, they can do so only in noun phrases with a (or an) functioning as the determinative and only if the adjective phrase either has such or exclamative what as its head or begins with one of a small number of modifiers (i.e., as, how, so, this, that, or too).^[12] In the noun phrase such a difficult little devil, for example, the adjective phrase such functions as predeterminative. Similarly, in the clause how important a part is it?, the adjective phrase how important functions as predeterminative.

Complements within preposition phrasesEdit

Adjective phrases can function as complements of preposition phrases.^[13] In the clause the film characterized him as childish, for example, the adjective phrase childish functions as the complement of the preposition as.

Cases such as the poor and the FrenchEdit

In cases such as the very poor and the French which denote a class, traditional grammars see the adjective as being «used as a noun».^[14] However, poor cannot actually be a noun here for three reasons: very doesn’t modify nouns, there is no possibility to pluralize poor (e.g., *three poors), and most determinatives are impossible (e.g., *a poor could not or *some poor did).

Other grammars see this as a case of ellipsis, where the head noun is simply left out and the AdjP is a regular modifier.^[15] In this view, the elided noun is something like one, and the very poor is an elided form of the very poor ones. Other accounts, such as one advanced by Bas Aarts, do not assume ellipsis but instead argue that phrases like these are best analyzed as noun phrases with an empty element functioning as the head, yielding an analysis like this: [_NP the [_AP very_Adv poor_Adj] ∅_N].^[16]

The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language takes such instances to be fused modifier-heads. Under this analysis, adjective phrases may bear two functions at one time, fusing the functions of modifier and head in an NP where no head noun exists. In the noun phrase the very poor, the adjective poor is the fused modifier-head as shown in the tree diagram below.^[17]

Types of adjectivesEdit

Non-attributive and non-predicative adjectivesEdit

While most adjectives can function as both attributive modifier (e.g., a new job) and predicative complement (e.g., the job was new), some are limited to one or the other of these two functions.^[18] For example, the adjective drunken cannot be used predicatively (a drunken fool vs *the fool was drunken),^[19] while the adjective awake has the opposite limitation (*an awake child vs the child is awake).

It is not only certain adjectives, but also certain constructions that are limited to one function or the other. For instance a nice hot bath is possible, as are the bath is hot and the bath is nice, but *the bath is nice hot is not.^[20]

Linguist and historian Peter Matthews observes «that the attributive and predicative uses of adjectives have diverged» and continue to do so.^[21] For example, the sense of big in Well, that’s big of you from the early 20th century is only possible as a predicative complement.

Gradable and non gradable adjectivesEdit

Most adjectives are gradable,^[4] but some are not (e.g., ancillary, bovine, municipal, pubic, first, etc.), or at least have particular senses in which they are not.^[22] For example a very Canadian embassy can imply that the embassy has the stereotypically Canadian characteristics (politeness perhaps), but it cannot mean that the embassy represents Canada in the way that a Canadian embassy does.

Other types claimed in traditional grammarsEdit

Many words that have been categorized by traditional grammars as types of adjectives are categorized as belonging to entirely different lexical categories by modern grammars, such as The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. The types below are mostly of this kind. What these words have in common is, to put it in traditional terms, that they «qualify» nouns.^[18] In modern terms, they appear as pre-head dependents in noun phrases. Note that a word may be traditionally assigned to multiple types: for example whose is variously called a possessive adjective, an interrogative adjective, a pronominal adjective, and a relative adjective.

Quantitative adjectivesEdit

Words like many and few, along with numbers (e.g., many good people, two times) are traditionally categorized as adjectives, where modern grammars see them as determiners.^[18] This term has also be used for ordinals like first, tenth, and hundredth, which are undisputed adjectives.

Demonstrative adjectivesEdit

This type includes this, that, these, and those,^[18] which are seen by most modern grammars as determiners. It also includes the undisputed adjective such.

Possessive adjectivesEdit

This type includes my, your, our, their, etc. (e.g., my friend).^[18] These are categorized by most modern grammars as pronouns or determiners.

Interrogative adjectivesEdit

This type includes what, which and whose (e.g., what time).^[18] These are categorized by most modern grammars as pronouns or determiners. (What in exclamatives, e.g., what a lovely day! is an adjective, but is not interrogative.)^[23]

How in questions like How are you? is sometimes categorized as an interrogative adjective.^[24]

Distributive adjectivesEdit

This type includes words like any, each, and neither (e.g., any time).^[18] These are categorized by most modern grammars as determiners.

Indefinite adjectivesEdit

This type includes words like all, another, any, both, and each (e.g., another day).^[18] These are categorized by most modern grammars as determiners.

Pronominal adjectivesEdit

This type includes words that «qualify» a noun and must agree with it in number: all, these, some, no, etc.(e.g., these days).^[18] These are categorized by other grammars as determiners or pronouns.

Proper adjectivesEdit

This type includes words that are derived (or thought to be derived) from common nouns and are capitalized (e.g., an Italian vacation, a New York minute).^[18] Some of these are categorized by modern grammars as adjectives (e.g., Italian, Christian, Dubliner, Chinese, Thatcherite, etc.) and some as nouns (e.g., the Reagan administration, the Tokyo train system).

Compound adjectivesEdit

This type includes adjectives, or what were/are thought to be adjectives, composed of two or more words operating «as a single adjective» (e.g., straightlaced, New York (see above), long-term, etc.).^[18]

Relative adjectivesEdit

This type includes which and whose (e.g., the person whose book I bought) appearing in relative constructions.^[18] These are categorized by most modern grammars as pronouns or determiners.

MorphologyEdit

Inflectional morphologyEdit

Many adjectives inflect for degree of comparison. For example, hot has the comparative form hotter and the superlative form hottest. Typically, short adjectives (including most single-syllable adjectives that are semantically gradable), adjectives originating in Old English, and short adjectives borrowed from French use the -er and -est suffixes. Adjectives with two syllables vary in whether they can mark degree of comparison through inflectional suffixes or must do so periphrastically with more and most. Some take either form (e.g., commoner, more common) while others take only one or the other (e.g., happier but usually not more happy). Longer adjectives derived from Greek or Latin and most adjectives of three or more syllables typically mark degree of comparison with more and most (e.g., more expensive but not expensiver).^[25]

Derivational morphologyEdit

Category maintainingEdit

It is possible to form adjectives from other adjectives through the addition of prefixes (e.g., happy → unhappy; typical → atypical), and suffixes (e.g., young → youngish; botanic → botanical).

Category changingEdit

Adjective formingEdit

Adjectives may be formed by the addition of affixes to a base from another category of words. For example, the noun recreation combines with the suffix -al to form the adjective recreational.

• Prefixes of this type include a- + noun (blaze → ablaze) and non- + noun (stop → non-stop).
• Suffixes of this type include verb + -able (accept → acceptable), noun + -al (nation → national), noun + -esque (picture → picturesque), noun or verb + -less (home → homeless; tire → tireless), noun + -ate (passion → passionate), noun + -en (gold → golden), verb + -ive (act → active), and many others.^[26]

With an adjective as the lexical baseEdit

Through a process of derivational morphology, adjectives may form words of other categories. For example, the adjective happy combines with the suffix -ness to form the noun happiness.

• It is typical of English adjectives to combine with the -ly suffix to become adverbs (e.g., real → really; encouraging → encouragingly).^[a]
• Noun-forming suffixes include -cy (private → privacy), -ness (happy → happiness), -dom (wise → wisdom), -hood (likely → likelihood), -ist (special → specialist), and -th (true → truth).^[27]
• Verb-forming affixes include -ify and -ize (e.g., real → realize; just → justify).
• Adjectives also form words through conversion, without any change in form (e.g., red (adj) → red (noun)).

CompoundingEdit

An adjective base can join with a base from another category to form a new word as in blackboard, noteworthy, childproof, fail-safe, uptight, etc.

Adjectives vs other lexical categoriesEdit

Adjectives vs nounsEdit

Typically, adjectives and nouns in English can be distinguished by their morphological and syntactic features.

Prototypical adjectives can inflect for degree of comparison (e.g., happy and happier) but cannot inflect for number (e.g., happy but not happys). Conversely, prototypical nouns can inflect for number (e.g., mother and mothers) but not for degree of comparison (e.g., mother but not motherer or motherest).

English adjectives head phrases that typically function as pre-head modifiers of nouns or predicative complements (e.g., those nice folks seem quite capable) while English nouns head phrases that can function as subjects, or objects in verb phrases or preposition phrases (e.g., [Jess] told [my sister] [a story] about [cute animals]). Noun phrases also function, like adjective phrases, as predicative complements, though in a more limited range of contexts; for example, both be and feel allow the adjective phrase difficult as a predicative complement, but only be also allows the noun phrase a difficulty.

The prototypical pre-head modifiers of adjectives are adverb phrases (e.g., quite capable) while the prototypical pre-head modifiers of nouns are adjective phrases (e.g., those nice folks). Finally, English adjectives, unlike English nouns, cannot function as the heads of phrases containing determinatives or predeterminatives.^[28] The following table summarizes these characteristics:

	Adjectives	Nouns
Inflection	comparative (-er), superlative (-est)	plural (-s)
Typical function of the related phrases	pre-head modifier of noun, predicative complement	subject, object, predicative complement
Typical pre-head modifier	adverb phrase	adjective phrase
Occurrence with determinatives	do not head phrases containing determinatives	head phrases containing determinatives

The distinction between adjective and noun in English is not as clear in certain cases, such as with colour terms and noun-like words occurring in attributive position. In the case of colour terms, the category can often be identified without controversy. For instance, colour terms used as subjects (e.g., orange is the colour of my love) or predicative complements (e.g., my favourite colour is orange) are typical nouns while colour terms occurring attributively (e.g., the orange flower) are typical adjectives.^[16] Similarly, colour terms marked as plural (e.g., the reds in the painting) are nouns while those marked as comparative (e.g., redder) or superlative (e.g., reddest) are adjectives. However, the categorization of colour terms is less clear in cases like The foliage emerged, becoming deep green as the summer unfolds. Here, the modifier of the colour term is an adjective (deep) rather than an adverb (deeply), which suggests that green is a noun. But the phrase occurs as the predicative complement of become and could, in principle, be modified by an adverb like very or appear in comparative form, which are typical characteristics of adjectives.^[29] Bas Aarts notes that this apparent dual categorization can be avoided by treating terms like deep orange as adjective-adjective compounds.^[16]

Almost any noun may appear in attributive position (e.g., a geography student), but in doing so they have traditionally said to be «functioning as an adjective». Such words are like adjectives in that they function as pre-head modifiers of nouns and resist pluralization in this position (*a geographies student). However, they are more like nouns in that they can be modified by adjective phrases, not adverb phrases (e.g., a cultural geography student, not *a culturally geography student), are not gradable, and cannot occur alone as predicative complements (*the student seems geography). Despite sharing features of both adjectives and nouns, modern dictionaries and grammars typically assign these words to the category of noun, though some describe them as a subset of noun called «adjectival nouns.»^[16]

Adjectives vs verbsEdit

Many adjectives derive from present participles (e.g., interesting, willing, & amazing) or past participles (e.g., tired, involved, & concerned). These can often be distinguished from verbs by their ability to be modified by very (e.g., very tired but not *very based on it) or appear after become as predicative complements. Adjectives almost never take objects, so a case like They were entertaining guests must be a verb.^[30]

Adjectives vs prepositionsEdit

Most prepositions are not gradable, so this can often distinguish them from adjectives, which typically are. As a result, adjectives can typically be modified by adverbs very, so, and too, while prepositions typically cannot. Conversely, prepositions can typically be modified by right (e.g., right up the tree), while adjectives cannot. Finally, preposition phrases readily function as non-predicative adjuncts in clause structure (e.g., after dinner, there was dancing) while AdjPs are typically ungrammatical without a predicand (e.g., *Enjoyable, there was dancing).

SemanticsEdit

Apart from the general semantic properties of adjectives (denoting properties such as size, colour, mood, quality, age, etc.), English adjectives have various semantic properties that are not as general.

Quantification and numberEdit

An adjective can express quantification over the events described by the verb. For example, the adjective occasional in She also has an occasional drink (i.e., “She drinks occasionally.”) quantifies over her drinking rather than describing the drink.

Although English adjectives do not participate in the system of number the way determiners, nouns, and pronouns do, English adjectives may still express number semantically. For example, adjectives like several, various, and multiple are semantically plural, while those like single, lone, and unitary have singular semantics.^[31]

Definiteness and specificityEdit

In English, the definiteness of a noun phrase is usually marked on the determiner,^[32] not on adjectives. But certain adjectives, in particular superlatives, are mostly incompatible with an indefinite interpretation of the NP.^[33] Cases like *they were best students seem ungrammatical, though exceptions such as they were best friends exist. In cases such as a best-case scenario, best-case is a nominal, not a full NP.

Non-superlatives can also work in this way. The adjectives wrong and right are often incompatible with an indefinite NP (e.g., *they found a right person; here suitable would be better) but are possible in other cases (e.g., there isn’t a right answer).

Unlike some languages, English does not mark the specificity of NPs grammatically. But NPs with adjective modifiers such as specific or certain are generally interpreted specifically, while those with adjective modifiers such as arbitrary are generally interpreted non-specifically.^[34]

Grammar–semanticsEdit

Pre-head vs post-head modificationEdit

A noun phrase with an adjective phrase functioning as a pre-head modifier may have a different interpretation from one with the same modifier appearing after the head noun.^[35] For example, the visible stars can mean either those stars that are visible at a particular time or those that are generally visible. In contrast, the stars visible does not have the «generally visible» interpretation.

Compounds vs modifiersEdit

The semantic contribution of adjectives as modifiers in a noun phrase is typically quite different from the semantic contribution of the same adjective as a base in a compound word.^[36] A green house, for instance, is a house that is green in colour, but a greenhouse is neither green in colour nor a house. Similarly, a bigmouth is not a mouth that is big, nor is a highway a way that is high or software ware that is soft. The phonology of these pairs also differs. With the adjective as a modifier in a noun phrase, the adjective and the noun typically receive equal stress (a black bird), but in a compound, the adjective typically takes primary word stress (a blackbird).

Only a small set of English adjectives function in this way:^[37]

• The colour words black, blue, brown, green, grey, red, and white
• Grand in words of family relationships
• A set of monosyllabic gradable adjectives such as: broad, dry, free, hard, hot, mad, small, sweet, etc.
• A small set of non-gradable monosyllabic adjectives: blind, dumb, first, quick (= ‘alive’), square, whole
• A very small number of disyllabic adjectives: bitter, narrow and possibly silly

NotesEdit

ReferencesEdit

List of Adjectives! Learn common adjectives list from A to Z in English with ESL printable infographic. Learn these adjectives examples to enlarge your vocabulary words in English.

An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun. They are always near the noun or pronoun they are describing.

Adjectives list will help you build more advanced vocabulary. In turn, this will allow you to become a more effective writer and speaker.

Below, you’ll find an adjectives list that can serve as the basis for your own list from A to Z.

Adjectives that start with A

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter A:

• Abundant
• Accurate
• Addicted
• Adorable
• Adventurous
• Afraid
• Aggressive
• Alcoholic
• Alert
• Aloof
• Ambitious
• Ancient
• Angry
• Animated
• Annoying
• Anxious
• Arrogant
• Ashamed
• Attractive
• Auspicious
• Awesome
• Awful
• Abactinal
• Abandoned
• Abashed
• Abatable
• Abatic
• Abaxial
• Abbatial
• Abbreviated
• Abducent
• Abducting
• Aberrant
• Abeyant
• Abhorrent
• Abiding
• Abient

Adjectives that start with B

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter B:

• Bad
• Bashful
• Beautiful
• Belligerent
• Beneficial
• Best
• Big
• Bitter
• Bizarre
• Black
• Blue
• Boring
• Brainy
• Bright
• Broad
• Broken
• Busy
• Barren
• Barricaded
• Barytic
• Basal
• Basaltic
• Baseborn
• Based
• Baseless
• Basic
• Bathyal
• Battleful
• Battlemented
• Batty
• Batwing
• Bias

Adjectives that start with C

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter C:

• Calm
• Capable
• Careful
• Careless
• Caring
• Cautious
• Charming
• Cheap
• Cheerful
• Chubby
• Clean
• Clever
• Clumsy
• Cold
• Colorful
• Comfortable
• Concerned
• Confused
• Crowded
• Cruel
• Curious
• Curly
• Cute

Adjectives that start with D

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter D:

• Damaged
• Dangerous
• Dark
• Deep
• Defective
• Delicate
• Delicious
• Depressed
• Determined
• Different
• Dirty
• Disgusting
• Dry
• Dusty
• Daft
• Daily
• Dainty
• Damn
• Damning
• Damp
• Dampish
• Darkling
• Darned
• Dauntless
• Daylong

Adjectives that start with E

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter E:

• Early
• Educated
• Efficient
• Elderly
• Elegant
• Embarrassed
• Empty
• Encouraging
• Enthusiastic
• Excellent
• Exciting
• Expensive

Adjectives that start with F

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter F:

• Fabulous
• Fair
• Faithful
• Famous
• Fancy
• Fantastic
• Fast
• Fearful
• Fearless
• Fertile
• Filthy
• Foolish
• Forgetful
• Friendly
• Funny

Adjectives that start with G, H

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter G, H:

• Gentle
• Glamorous
• Glorious
• Gorgeous
• Graceful
• Grateful
• Great
• Greedy
• Green
• Handsome
• Happy
• Harsh
• Healthy
• Heavy
• Helpful
• Hilarious
• Historical
• Horrible
• Hot
• Huge
• Humorous
• Hungry

Adjectives that start with I, J, L

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter I, J, L:

• Ignorant
• Illegal
• Imaginary
• Impolite
• Important
• Impossible
• Innocent
• Intelligent
• Interesting
• Jealous
• Jolly
• Juicy
• Juvenile
• Kind
• Large
• Legal
• Light
• Literate
• Little
• Lively
• Lonely
• Loud
• Lovely
• Lucky

Adjectives that start with M, N, O

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter M, N, O:

• Macho
• Magical
• Magnificent
• Massive
• Mature
• Mean
• Messy
• Modern
• Narrow
• Nasty
• Naughty
• Nervous
• New
• Noisy
• Nutritious
• Obedient
• Obese
• Obnoxious
• Old
• Overconfident

Adjectives that start with P, Q, R

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter P, Q, R:

• Peaceful
• Pink
• Polite
• Poor
• Powerful
• Precious
• Pretty
• Proud
• Quick
• Quiet
• Rapid
• Rare
• Red
• Remarkable
• Responsible
• Rich
• Romantic
• Royal
• Rude

Adjectives that start with S

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter S:

• Scintillating
• Secretive
• Selfish
• Serious
• Sharp
• Shiny
• Shocking
• Short
• Shy
• Silly
• Sincere
• Skinny
• Slim
• Slow
• Small
• Soft
• Spicy
• Spiritual
• Splendid
• Strong
• Successful
• Sweet

Adjectives that start with T

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter T:

• Talented
• Tall
• Tense
• Terrible
• Terrific
• Thick
• Thin
• Tiny
• Tactful
• Tailor-made
• Take-charge
• Tangible
• Tasteful
• Tasty
• Teachable
• Teeming
• Tempean
• Temperate
• Tenable
• Tenacious
• Tender
• Tender-hearted
• Terrific
• Testimonial
• Thankful
• Thankworthy
• Therapeutic
• Thorough
• Thoughtful

Adjectives that start with U, V, W, Y, Z

Here is the useful list of adjectives starting with the letter U, V, W, Y, Z:

• Ugly
• Unique
• Untidy
• Upset
• Victorious
• Violent
• Vulgar
• Warm
• Weak
• Wealthy
• Wide
• Wise
• Witty
• Wonderful
• Worried
• Young
• Youthful
• Zealous

Adjectives Examples | Infographics

Adjectives List | Adjectives Examples Image 1

Pin

Adjectives List | Adjectives Examples Image 2

Pin

Adjectives List | Adjectives Examples Image 3

Pin

Adjectives List | Adjectives Examples Image 4

Pin

Adjectives Exercises

Level A

Level B

More Adjective Resources

• Adjectives that Start with A
• Adjectives that Start with B
• Adjectives that Start with C