Word three in different languages

Three in Different Languages: Three is a number in mathematical figures which is less than two and less than four. Three is an odd prime number. Three is the favorite number of many people. There are many magical things related with number three. There are 3 pieces of the time: history, present and future. We are from the sun on the third planet. Three primitive colors are available. 3 is a number of prime.

Translation of word Three in almost 100+ different languages of the world.

Different Languages	Word Three
Albanian	tre
Basque	hiru
Belarusian	тры
Bosnian	tri
Bulgarian	три
Catalan	3
Croatian	tri
Czech	tři
Danish	tre
Dutch	drie
Estonian	kolm
Finnish	kolme
French	Trois
Galician	tres
German	drei
Greek	τρία (tría)
Hungarian	három
Icelandic	Þrír
Irish	trí
Italian	tre
Latvian	trīs
Lithuanian	trys
Macedonian	три
Maltese	tliet
Norwegian	tre
Polish	trzy
Portuguese	três
Romanian	Trei
Russian	три (tri)
Serbian	три (tri)
Slovak	tri
Slovenian	tri
Spanish	Tres
Swedish	tre
Ukrainian	три (try)
Welsh	tri
Yiddish	דרייַ
Armenian	երեք
Azerbaijani	üç
Bengali	তিন
Chinese Simplified	三 (sān)
Chinese Traditional	三 (sān)
Georgian	სამ
Gujarati	ત્રણ
Hindi	तीन
Hmong	peb
Japanese	三
Kannada	ಮೂರು
Kazakh	үш
Khmer	បី
Korean	세 (se)
Lao	ສາມ
Malayalam	മൂന്ന്
Marathi	तीन
Mongolian	гурван
Myanmar (Burmese)	သုံး
Nepali	तीन
Sinhala	තුන්
Tajik	се
Tamil	மூன்று
Telugu	మూడు
Thai	สาม
Turkish	üç
Urdu	تین
Uzbek	uch
Vietnamese	số ba
Arabic	ثلاثة (thlath)
Hebrew	שְׁלוֹשָׁה
Persian	سه
Afrikaans	drie
Chichewa	atatu
Hausa	uku
Igbo	atọ
Sesotho	tse tharo
Somali	saddex
Swahili	tatu
Yoruba	mẹta
Zulu	ezintathu
Cebuano	tulo
Filipino	tatlo
Indonesian	tiga
Javanese	telung
Malagasy	telo
Malay	tiga
Maori	e toru
Esperanto	tri
Haitian Creole	twa
Latin	tribus

Three in European Languages

Translation of word Three in almost 42 European languages.

Different Languages	Word Three
Albanian	tre
Basque	hiru
Belarusian	тры
Bosnian	tri
Bulgarian	три
Catalan	3
Corsican	tre
Croatian	tri
Czech	tři
Danish	tre
Dutch	drie
Estonian	kolm
Finnish	kolme
French	Trois
Frisian	trije
Galician	tres
German	drei
Greek	τρία [tría]
Hungarian	három
Icelandic	Þrír
Irish	trí
Italian	tre
Latvian	trīs
Lithuanian	trys
Luxembourgish	dräi
Macedonian	три
Maltese	tliet
Norwegian	tre
Polish	trzy
Portuguese	três
Romanian	Trei
Russian	три [tri]
Scots Gaelic	trì
Serbian	три [tri]
Slovak	tri
Slovenian	tri
Spanish	Tres
Swedish	tre
Tatar	өч
Ukrainian	три [try]
Welsh	tri
Yiddish	דרייַ

Three in Asian Languages

Translation of word Three in almost 36 Asian languages.

Different Languages	Word Three
Armenian	երեք
Azerbaijani	üç
Bengali	তিন
Chinese Simplified	三 [sān]
Chinese Traditional	三 [sān]
Georgian	სამ
Gujarati	ત્રણ
Hindi	तीन
Hmong	peb
Japanese	三
Kannada	ಮೂರು
Kazakh	үш
Khmer	បី
Korean	세 [se]
Kyrgyz	үч
Lao	ສາມ
Malayalam	മൂന്ന്
Marathi	तीन
Mongolian	гурван
Myanmar (Burmese)	သုံး
Nepali	तीन
Odia	ତିନି
Pashto	درې
Punjabi	ਤਿੰਨ
Sindhi	ٽي
Sinhala	තුන්
Tajik	се
Tamil	மூன்று
Telugu	మూడు
Thai	สาม
Turkish	üç
Turkmen	üç
Urdu	تین
Uyghur	ئۈچ
Uzbek	uch
Vietnamese	số ba

Three in Middle East Languages

Translation of word Three in 4 middle eastern languages.

Different Languages	Word Three
Arabic	ثلاثة [thlath]
Hebrew	שְׁלוֹשָׁה
Kurdish (Kurmanji)	sê
Persian	سه

Three in African Languages

Translation of word Three in almost 13 African languages.

Different Languages	Word Three
Afrikaans	drie
Amharic	ሶስት
Chichewa	atatu
Hausa	uku
Igbo	atọ
Kinyarwanda	bitatu
Sesotho	tse tharo
Shona	tatu
Somali	saddex
Swahili	tatu
Xhosa	Ntathu
Yoruba	mẹta
Zulu	ezintathu

Three in Austronesian Languages

Translation of word Three in almost 10 Austronesian languages.

Different Languages	Word Three
Cebuano	tulo
Filipino	tatlo
Hawaiian	ekolu
Indonesian	tiga
Javanese	telung
Malagasy	telo
Malay	tiga
Maori	e toru
Samoan	tolu
Sundanese	tilu

Three in Other Foreign Languages

Different Languages	Word Three
Esperanto	tri
Haitian Creole	twa
Latin	tribus

Video Translation of Three in 10 Other Languages

Coming Soon…

More Information about Three

There are many ways to say three in different languages. When we discuss position we say a name third. There is also a term triple use to say three.

How to quickly learn to read English from scratch on your own. Tips for English learners

When you study a foreign language, you learn not only a set of vocabulary and grammar, you in any case come across the culture and peculiarities of the mentality of the people who speak this language. The best way to learn language and culture is reading in original … And in order to read in a foreign language, you must first learn to read in that language.

You don’t have to burn books to destroy a culture. You can just get people to stop reading them.

~ Ray Bradbury

Does it exist an easy way to learn to read English ? If you studied English at school, you should have gotten an idea of ​​how English letters are read, you know what transcription is and how basic letter combinations are read. If your level is not beginner, but for example intermediate, then you will be interested in the article «Books in English for intermediate level»

But, if at school or university you studied German or French, or your school base turned out to be smaller than you would like, and now you have decided to learn English, then let’s start with the very primary and basic and learn a few methods of where to start in order to master reading rules.

English alphabet

I think you know that English is different from Russian and German, in which we basically read and write. In English, the system is a little more complicated. The very first thing we need to do is learn the alphabet.

The English alphabet has 26 letters, including 21 consonants and 5 vowels. Knowledge of letters and the ability to pronounce them correctly is the key to successful and competent reading in English.

English alphabet with transcription of the names of letters.

A very easy way to memorize letters visually and by ear is with the help of a song. Watch the video and sing the song until you memorize the letters of the alphabet.

You can use the same method to teach the alphabet to your children and sing along with your little ones.

After studying the alphabet, let’s start learning the combination of letters and reading short words. There are a number of rules in English that you need to learn, practice and remember if you want to read English words correctly.

The same letter can be read in different ways, depending on the letters that surround it, as well as whether it is closed or open syllable.

Rules for reading English consonants

Many consonants read similarly to Russian consonants, such as letters m, n, l, b, f, z … You can see it in words like mom, lemon, finger, boy, zebra.

Letters such as t и d sound similar, but pronounced with aspirated… For example, the words table, teacher, dad, dirty.

Letter c has two reading options. Before letters i, e, y it reads like [s]— city, face, cyber. And before the rest of the vowels it reads like [k]— cat, cake, factory.

The vowel rule i, e, y works with the letter g… In front of them, it reads like [dʒ]— gym, George, giant. Before other consonants, the letter is read as [g].

Letter q always occurs in a combination of letters qu and reads like [kW]— quick, queen, square.

Letter j always reads like [dʒ]— jacket, jam, joy.

Table of the ratio of consonants and sounds in English.

How vowels are read in English

In English, a word can end in an open or closed syllable, which affects pronunciation. For example, the words cat, pot, sit end in a closed syllable and have vowels a, o, i give sounds [a, o, i].

Words such as name, home, five end with an open syllable, since there is a letter at the end of the word ewhich is not readable. But, thanks to her, the vowels in the middle of the word are read in the same way as they are pronounced in the alphabet, that is, the word name is read [neɪm].

Types of English vowel reading in stressed syllables.

Reading vowel combinations in English

There are certain combinations of letters that have well-established rules for reading, although English is the language of exceptions, and when reading more complex words, you should refer to the dictionary. The table below shows English vowel combinations with examples how they are read and how they sound.

Table of combinations of vowels in English.

And of course, there are exceptions to all the rules. However, do not worry and think that you will never be able to learn it. Everything can be understood, you just have to try a little and practice.

English diphthongs with transcription

When you learn the basic rules of reading, you will see that there are diphthong sounds that are quite difficult to reproduce in English, especially if you start learning the language not from childhood, but in adulthood.

Table of English diphthongs with transcription.

Transcription of sounds in English

Practice shows that when children learn a language, they must necessarily learn transcription, while adults do not want to learn it and it can be difficult for them.

If you still want to learn how to write and read the transcription, then great! And if not, then you can use online dictionaries where the word will be pronounced for you. One of the best dictionaries today is Multitran and the Lingvo online dictionary.

Remember to use dictionaries, not translators!

Here’s an example of reading short words with transcription:

English vowel table and transcription.

There are some advantages to being in the internet age. Sitting at home, you can learn a variety of knowledge online. For your attention video tutorial, which explains the basic principles of reading. Nevertheless, even having received knowledge through an online lesson, they need to be consolidated in order to form a skill.

In this section, we want to share with you the experience that was gained in practice, teaching students of different levels. These tips have proven their effectiveness and usefulness in language learning. They can be used for beginner to advanced levels. Use)

Learn English tongue twisters

Here tongue twisters, which are often aimed at practicing one sound, can help you. Here are some examples you can use.

English translation

Source: https://ienglish.ru/blog/interesno-ob-angliiskom/kak-viuchit-angliiskiy-bistro-samomu/kak-bistro-nauchitsia-chitat-po-angliiski

Some features of the use of numerals in English

Most fractions in English use both cardinal and ordinal numbers. Cardinal numbers are used in the numerator of the fraction, and ordinal numbers are used in the denominator.

For example: 1/9 — one ninth 1/5 — one fifth 1/6 — one sixth 1/4 — one quarter = a quarter

1/2 — one half = a half

If the numerator is greater than one, then the denominator is plural:

3/5 — three fifths
4/7 — four sevenths
6/9 — six ninths

Integers and fractional numbers in a numeral are connected by a union and:

5 2/7 — five and two sevenths

To express complex fractions, the word is often used over:

125/421 — one hundred and twenty five over four hundred and twenty one

Decimals are read as follows:

6.44 — six point forty four
0.35 — naught three five = zero three five

If a fraction is followed by a noun, it is placed in the singular form, and the preposition is used in front of it of:

4/5 meter — four fifths of a meter

If a noun follows a numeral consisting of a whole and a fractional part, then it is put in the plural form:

45 3/6 tons — forty five and three sixths tons (45 and three sixth tons)

Using numerals in arithmetic

Arithmetic signs are read as follows:

Sign	Reads like
+	plus
—	minus
=	is
x	multiplied by
:	divided by

For example: 25 + 45 = 70 — Twenty five plus forty five is seventy. 16-4 = 12 — Sixteen minus four is twelve. 3 × 8 = 24 — Three multiplied by eight it twenty four.

40: 9 = 5 — Forty divided by nine is five.

Using numerals to indicate a telephone number in English

Each digit in the phone number is pronounced separately:

2456738 — two four five six seven three eight

Source: http://www.correctenglish.ru/theory/grammar/numerals-specifics/

Fractions in English

Distinguish between the fractions and the decimal fractions

The fractions

1/2 — a half1 / 3 — a / one third 3/4 — three quarters2 / 9 — two ninths 0.25 — zero / nought point two five 2.456 — two point four five six7.089 — seven point o [ou] eight nine

.7 — point seven

2/3 — two thirds 3/4 — three fourths / quarters 4/7 — four sevenths 7/18 — seven eighteenths 9/10 — nine tenths2 1/2 — two and a half3 1/4 — three and a quarter / fourth two fifths of a ton2 / 5 kilometer — quarter of a kilometer

1/2 kilometer — half a kilometer

Note! Vulgar fraction decimal (fraction) proper [improper] fraction

continued fraction

В simple fractions the numerator is expressed as a cardinal number, and the denominator is expressed as an ordinal number: 1 / 3- a (one) third, 1/5 — a (one) fifth, 1/8 — an (one) eighth. However, 1/2 reads: a (one) half (and not: one second), 1/4 — a (one) quarter (less often: a fourth).

When the numerator is greater than one, the denominator takes the ending -s: 2/3 — two thirds; 3/5 — three fifths, 5/6 — five sixths.

2/3 ton — read: two thirds of a ton; 3/4 kilometer — read: three quarters of a kilometer;

1/2 ton — read: half a ton (Note the absence of an article in front of hall and the absence of a preposition of in front of a noun)

The noun to which the mixed number belongs is used in the plural: 2 1/2 tons — read: two and a half tons or two tons and a half);

4 1/3 tons — read: four and a third tons or four tons and a third.

The decimal fractions

When reading a mixed number, the whole number of which is equal to one, the noun is used in the plural when it is read after the mixed number.

When a noun is read between one and a fraction, it is used in the singular: 1 1/2 hours — read: one and a half hours or one (an) hour and a half);

1 1/3 pounds (read: one and a third pounds or one (a) pound and a third).

When reading in decimal fractions, the integer is separated from the fraction by a dot.

If integer is zero, then it is often not read: 0.25-nought point two five or point two five 0.1 — read: nought (In America, 0 reads zero) point one or point one; 0.01 — read: nought point nought one or point nought one; 0.2 — (zero) point two.2 — point two

0.5 — (zero) point five

A noun following a decimal is singular when the decimal integer is zero:

0.25 ton — read: nought point two five of a ton.

If the integer is greater than zero:2.35 — read: two point three five; 3.4 — three point four 3.215 — three point two one five 32.305 — read: three two (or thirty-two) point three nought five

53.75 — fifty-three point seven five

If the integer is greater than zero, the noun following the decimal is in the plural: 1.25 tons — read: one point two five tons;

23.76 tons — read: two three point seven six tons or twenty-three point seven six tons.

Source: http://begin-english.ru/angliyskie-slova-po-temam/drobi-na-angliyskom

Numbers in English | English grammar | EF

Cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.) are adjectives denoting quantity. Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) indicate the order by count.

Quantitative Ordinal Number

1	one	first
2	Two	second
3	three	third
4	four	fourth
5	five	fifth
6	six	sixth
7	seven	seventh
8	eight	eighth
9	nine	nineth
10	th	tenth
11	eleven	eleventh
12	twelve	Twelfth
13	thirteen	third
14	fourteen	fourteenth
15	fifteen	fifteenth
16	sixteen	sixteenth
17	seventeen	seventeenth
18	eighteen	eighteenth
19	nineteen	nineteen
20	Twenty	twentieth
21	twenty one	twenty first
22	twenty-two	twenty second
23	twenty three	twenty third
24	twenty-four	twenty-fourth
25	twenty five	twenty-fifth
26	twenty six	twenty-sixth
27	twenty seven	twenty-seventh
28	twenty-eight	twenty-eighth
29	twenty nine	twenty-ninth
30	thirty	thirtytieth
31	thirty one	thirty-first
40	forty	fortune
50	fifty	fifteenth
60	sixty	sixtieth
70	seventy	seventieth
80	eighty	eightieth
90	ninety	ninetieth
100	one hundred	hundredth
500	five hundred	five hundredth
1,000	one thousand	thousandth
1,500	one thousand five hundred or fifteen hundred	one thousand five hundredth
100,000	one hundred thousand	hundred thousandth
1,000,000	one million	millionth

Reading decimal places

When we read decimal places aloud in English, we pronounce the decimal point as “point,” then pronounce the next digit separately. Money is not counted in this way.

Writing Pronunciation

0.5	point five
0.25	point two five
0.73	point seven three
0.05	point zero five
0.6529	point six five two nine
2.95	two point nine five

Reading beats

In English, fractions are read using a cardinal number to indicate the numerator and an ordinal number to indicate the denominator. Moreover, if the numerator is greater than 1, then we put the ordinal (denominator) in the plural. This applies to all numbers except 2, which is pronounced «half» when it is the denominator, and «halves» when there are more than one.

Writing Pronunciation

1/3	one third
3/4	three fourths
5/6	five sixths
1/2	one half
3/2	three halves

Percentage pronunciation

Reading percentages out loud in English is pretty easy. Just say the number and add the word «percent».

Writing Pronunciation

5%	five percent
25%	twenty-five percent
36.25%	thirty-six point two five percent
100%	one hundred percent
400%	four hundred percent

Reading sums of money

To read monetary amounts, first read the whole number, then add the name of the currency. If it is a decimal point, read it as an integer, and if coins have their own name in a particular currency, add it at the end. Note that normal decimal places are not read this way. These rules apply only to reading currencies.

Writing Pronunciation

$25	twenty-five dollars
€52	fifty-two euros
140 ₤	one hundred and forty pounds
$ 43.25	forty-three dollars and twenty-five cents (shortened to «forty-three twenty-five» in everyday speech)
12.66€	twelve euros sixty-six
₤ 10.50	ten pounds fifty

Measurement pronunciation

Just say the number followed by the measure, often written as an abbreviation.

Writing Pronunciation

60m	six meters
25km/h	twenty-five kilometers per hour
11ft	eleven feet
2L	two litres
3tbsp	three tablespoons
1tsp	one teaspoon

Pronunciation of times

Reading tenses in English is relatively difficult. Usually, when the year has four digits, the first two are read as one number, and then the other two as another integer. There are several exceptions to this rule.

Years up to the first 100 years of the millennium can be read as whole numbers, even if they have four digits, or they can be read as two-digit numbers. Millenniums are always read as whole numbers, as it would be too difficult to read them otherwise. New ages are read as integers in the hundreds.

We do not use the word «thousand», at least not when we read dates for the last 1000 years.

Years with only 3 digits can be pronounced as a three-digit number, or as a single-digit number followed by two-digit years. Years in which there are only two digits are read as one number. Before you say the number of the year, you can add “the year” at the beginning to make it easier to understand, and you can also use two-digit and three-digit years in the same way. Years before 0 are always written with the acronym BC (BC), and it is pronounced like two letters of the alphabet.

Curiously, using the same rules we read street names and addresses.

Writing Pronunciation

2014	twenty fourteen or two thousand fourteen
2008	two thousand eight
2000	two thousand
1944	nineteen forty-four
1908	nineteen o eight
1900	Nineteen hundred
1600	sixteen hundred
1256	twelve fifty-six
1006	ten o six
866	eight hundred sixty-six or eight sixty-six
25	twenty five
3000 BC	three thousand BC
3250 BC	thirty-two fifty BC

How to pronounce 0

There are several ways to pronounce the number 0, depending on the context. Unfortunately, the use of these options differs in different English-speaking countries. These pronunciation rules apply to American English.

Pronunciation Use

zero	The number itself: in fractions, percentages and phone numbers, and in other expressions.
o (the letter name)	Reading dates, addresses, times and temperatures
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nought	Not used in the USA

Source: https://www.ef.ru/angliyskie-resursy/angliyskaya-grammatika/chisla-v-angliyskom/

Fractions in English

It so happens that seeing a fraction in a text or article, we do not know how to read it correctly. And if you are going to study Business English and use it in your professional activities, then you should not doubt the correctness of the data you have provided. And in everyday life you can’t do without fractions.

In this article, we will learn the rules for reading different types of fractional numbers in English, remembering which, you will always be sure that you are speaking correctly.

Fractions are of two types: ordinary, which are written with a dash (common fractions or simple fractions) and decimal, which have a period (decimals).

Ordinary fractions

Reading simple fractions is quite simple, and very similar to how we read them in Russian. An ordinary fraction has two components: the numerator (the number above the line) and the denominator (the number below the line). The upper number (numerator) is read as a cardinal number (how much?), And the lower number (denominator) is read as an ordinal (which order?). In this case, the numerator one can be read as the article a:

1/3 — one third / a third 1/7 — one seventh / a seventh

1/9 — one ninth / a ninth

If the numerator is greater than one, then the denominator acquires a plural ending:

2/3 — two thirds
3/5 — three fifths

Remember that half when reading fractions is half, and a quarter can be read as (a / one) quarter or (a / one) fourth:

1/2 — one half / a half NOT one second 1/4 — one quarter / a quarter / one fourth

3/4 — three quarters / three fourths

If there is an integer in the fraction, then it is associated with a fraction using the word and:

1 1/2 — one and a half 3 2/3 — three and two thirds

2 1/4 — two and a quarter / two and a forth

Reading decimals

First of all, it is important to remember that English decimal fractions use a full stop, not a comma. In English decimal fractions, we do not say the words: tenths, hundredths, thousandths, but simply call numbers. And when reading decimal fractions, the word point is said and each digit is called separately:

2.25 — two point twentyfive
1.4 — one point four
6.785 — six point seven eight five

If there is no whole number, and there are numbers only after the dot, then they say nought or zero (in American English), or even miss zero in speech and writing:

0.2 — nought (zero) point two / point two 0.75 — nought (zero) point seven five / point seven five

0.03 — nought (zero) point nought three / point nought three

Interest

Often percentages are indicated in decimal fractions: per cent [pəˈsent] (percent AmE). The word per cent is used in the singular:

2.2% — two point two per cent 3.5% — three point five per cent 50% — fifty per cent

99% — ninety-nine per cent

The use of the word percents is possible only in relation to the school topic «Percents», but cannot be used with specific numbers.

Phone numbers, dates, and prices are also in doubt. It would seem that nothing complicated, but even the best students make mistakes when talking about these numbers. I recommend remembering the rules, and perhaps learning something new: Phone numbers, dates and prices in English.

See a mistake in the text? Select it and click on the arrow that appears or CTRL + Enter.

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Source: https://enginform.com/article/drobi-na-angliyskom

Hyphen and Dash in English: Usage Options

I have already briefly discussed the peculiarities of the use of dashes in a series of articles on English punctuation.

But, as readers correctly suggested to me, in addition to the actual rules of using, difficulties also arise with spelling options. There are obscenely many varieties of «dashes» in British and American English.

The use of one or another type of dash is governed by a clear set of rules. The problem is that these rules are far from always unambiguous and universal. Below we will consider typical recommendations for various character styles — from a modest hyphen to a pretentious triple dash.

All this reminds me of the complex shenanigans with options for forks, knives, spoons and spoons at a gala dinner: you can never be completely sure, but it will not hurt to play it safe and get up to speed in advance.

Hyphen / Hyphen (-)

The shortest sign in this group.

The attentive reader will hasten to argue: it’s not a dash! That’s right: a hyphen and a dash are two different characters with different purposes.

Hyphen use in the middle of a word:

• in compound words: three-em dash, off-white shirt;
• to indicate hyphenation;
• to separate roots from prefixes and suffixes: co-worker;
• in the names: Tay-Sachs disease.

How to put it: the hyphen is usually located to the right of the 0 key. This universal character can be found in any font.

Minus / Minus (-)

It may be slightly longer than the hyphen and is sometimes positioned slightly higher on the line.

Use: to indicate a negative number or a subtraction operation. Depending on the font, you can replace it with a hyphen or an en dash.

How to install: find on the numeric keypad or in the «Symbol» menu.

En dash / En dash (-)

Equal to the width of the letter n in uppercase or lowercase, depending on the font. May be longer or shorter in some fonts. Sometimes an em dash is made slightly thicker than a hyphen.

The classic en dash problem is to denote ranges: June 18–20. Another option use — emphasis on contrast or relationship between two objects: New York – London flight; Radical – Unionist coalition; mother – daughter relationship.

In addition, some people prefer to replace this with an em dash.

How to put: Alt 0150 on the numeric keypad for Windows systems, Option and hyphen for Mac. Option for Word: Ctrl and Minus on the numeric keypad.

Em dash (-)

Equal to the width of the letter m in uppercase or lowercase, and in some fonts even longer. If you put several em dashes side by side, they form a solid line.

Long dash use where you can use a comma, colon, or parentheses. The difference is that an em dash denotes a longer and more expressive intonation pause. Another use case is to separate the source in quotes: In matters of grave importance, style, not sincerity, is the vital thing. — Oscar Wilde

Other characters (comma, colon, parentheses) are not added to the em dash in modern English.

In American English, it is not customary to separate an em dash from the preceding word with spaces: A flock of sparrows — some of them juveniles — alighted and sang.

The exception is when an en dash with a space is used instead of an em dash: A flock of sparrows — some of them juveniles — alighted and sang.

How to put: Alt 0151 on the numeric keyboard for Windows systems, Option and Shift for Mac. Another option for Word is Ctrl + Alt + Minus on the numeric keypad.

Double em dash / Two-em dash

Two em dashes side by side without a space.

Indicates that part of a word is omitted. This is usually how names or curses are denoted:
Mr. L—— told Ms. T—— that he would be d —— d if he invited her out again.

Three-em dash

Three em dashes next to each other without a space.

Indicates that a (duplicate) word has been omitted. This sign is especially relevant for bibliographies, where a triple dash instead of the author’s name means that the author is the same as for the previous item in the list.

* * *

It has already been said above that the rules governing the use of dashes are far from universal.

For example, The Chicago Manual of Style believes that in some cases compound adjectives require the use of an en dash instead of a hyphen.

Source: https://ru.just-translate-it.com/eshhe-nemnogo-o-tire/

English numbers and numbers

Numbers in English with transcription in the table from 1 to 10:

Digit / Number	Word with transcription
1	one [wʌn]
2	two [tuː]
3	three [θriː]
4	four [fɔː]
5	five [faɪv]
6	six [seks]
7	seven [‘sev (ə) n]
8	eight [eɪt]
9	nine [naɪn]
10	ten[ten]

If you do not know English transcription and you need Russian transcription, listen to how numbers and numbers are read in English:
/audio/english-vocabulary-numbers.mp3 Download mp3

The number 0 is written like this: nought [nɔːt], zero [‘zɪərəu]

Numbers 11 to Million

More numbers in English from 11 to 20 and from 21 to 100:

11	eleven [ɪ’lev (ə) n]
12	twelve [twelv]
13	thirteen [θɜː’tiːn]
14	fourteen [ˌfɔː’tiːn]
15	fifteen [ˌfɪf’tiːn] (note: “f”, not “v”)
16	sixteen [ˌsɪk’stiːn]
17	seventeen [ˌsev (ə) n’tiːn]
18	eighteen [ˌeɪ’tiːn] (only one «t»)
19	nineteen [ˌnaɪn’tiːn]
20	twenty [‘twentɪ]
21	twenty-one [ˌtwentɪ’wʌn] (numbers from 21 to 99 are hyphenated in words)
30	thirty [‘θɜːtɪ]
40	forty [‘fɔːtɪ] (no letter “u”)
50	fifty [‘fɪftɪ] (note: “f”, not “v”)
60	sixty [‘sɪkstɪ]
70	seventy [‘sev (ə) ntɪ]
80	eighty [‘eɪtɪ] (only one «t»)
90	ninety [‘naɪntɪ] (there is a letter “e”)
100	one hundred [wʌn] [‘hʌndrəd], [-rɪd]
101	one hundred and one
200	two hundred (the word hundred remains in the singular, regardless of the number in front of it)
1000	one thousand [wʌn] [‘θauz (ə) nd] (also true for thousands: two thousand)
1,000,000	one million [wʌn] [‘mɪljən] (also true for a million: two million)

Cardinal and ordinal numbers

There are two types of numerals:

• quantitative (cardinal)
• ordinal (ordinal)

Everything is clear with the first group. Quantitative (cardinal) numerals are our one, two, three one hundred (one, two, three hundred).

But ordinal (ordinal) numerals are a bit tricky. Pointing to the order of the position or course of action (first, second, third hundredth), they are formed according to a certain rule, which was not without exceptions. Let’s consider the rule.

To form an ordinal number, it is necessary to add the ending -TH to the cardinal number.

If “four” is oven, then the «fourth» will be the fourth. «Six — sixth» — «six — thesixth ”.

Pay attention! Ordinal numbers are used with the article “The“.

And what about the exceptions? They are words «First, second, third, fifth»that need to be learned by heart:

1	— the	first
2	second
3	third
5	fifth

Ordinal numbers will be useful to us in order to name the date of your birth. (birthday).

Mu birthday is on the second (tenth, seventeenth) of May (January, June).

Use “on» to indicate the day and «Of» before the month name. By the way, historically, the names of calendar months are written with a capital letter. Remember this!

Ordinal numbers in English

Number	Word
1st	the first [ðiː] [fɜːst]
2nd	the second [ðiː] [‘sek (ə) nd]
3rd	the third [ðiː] [θɜːd]
4th	the fourth [ðiː] [fɔːθ]
5th	the fifth [ðiː] [fɪfθ]
6th	the sixth [ðiː] [sɪksθ]
7th	the seventh [ðiː] [‘sev (ə) nθ]
8th	the eighth
9th	the ninth
10th	tenth
11th	the eleventh
12th	the twelfth
13th	the third
14th	the fourteenth
15th	the fifteenth
16th	the sixteenth
17th	the seventeenth
18th	the eighteenth
19th	the nineteenth
20th	the twentieth
21st	the twenty-first
30th	the third
40th	the fortune
50th	the fiftieth
60th	the sixtieth
70th	the seventies
80th	the eightieth
90th	the ninetieth
100th	the hundredth
101st	the hundred and first
1000th	the thousandth

Source: https://englishtexts.ru/english-grammar/english-numerals

English Sounds: The Complete Guide to Reading and Pronunciation

This article will help you understand the features of the pronunciation of English sounds, and what combinations of letters they can be expressed in writing.

For a more detailed study of the rules for reading words in English, use our «Reading Rules Guide».

English pronunciation

English often sounds more dynamic compared to smoother Russian. It is a little faster (about 10% — 15%, according to various studies), and sometimes it seems to us that not all words are pronounced in fast speech.

Despite the fact that the languages ​​come from the same Indo-European family — which means that they are based on the same pronunciation system — there are a number of significant differences in the pronunciation of Russian and English sounds, words and phrases.

English has more vowel sounds than Russian. They are usually pronounced with less lip strain.

We have 6 of them: [a], [y], [o], [e], [and], [s], in English there are 12 of them: / ɪ /, / ɪː /, / ʌ /, / ɑː / , / æ /, / ɛ /, / ɜː /, / ɒ /, / ɔː /, / ʊ /, / ʊː /, / ə /.

English sounds generally come in two flavors:
short and long: / ɪ / and / ɪː /, / ɒ / and / ɔː /, / ʊ / and / ʊː / light and deeper: / ʌ / and / ɑː /

open and closed: / æ / and / ɛ /

Unique English vowel sounds:
/ æ/ Is a cross between A and E
/ ɜː / (soft O) — a cross between O and Yo
/ Ə / — weak schwa (extremely weak sound, a cross between A, O, E — pronounced in most unstressed syllables).

In English, our compound vowel sounds e [ye], yo [yo], yu [yu], i [ya] are absent, but there are diphthongs

English diphthongs are double sounds / aɪ / (time), / eɪ / (space), / ɔɪ / (boil) / ɛə / (care), / əʊ / (know) / aʊ / (now) / ɪə / (fear), and / ʊə / (priest).

The first diphthong sound is pronounced more clearly than the second. That is why we often have a hard time hearing or confuse words with diphthongs when listening.

English consonants often differ in their pronunciation, even sounds similar to Russian

In Russian there are as many as 36 consonant sounds (with 21 letters), but in English there are only 24. It is important to remember that even such sounds (for example, / p / or / d / pronounced differently than in Russian — see the table below for details).

Unique English consonant sounds:
/ w / — semi-vowel sound, a cross between U and B
/ ð / и / θ / — interdental sound (voiceless and voiced variations), a cross between B and Z (F and C in a voiceless variation)
/ ŋ / — nasal H

The main difference between the pronunciation of Russian and English consonants is that in Russian we often deafen the final consonants (for example, year and goth may sound the same), but English doesn’t. It is important to remember this, as we can confuse pairs of words (for example, bed — bet) and it is difficult to hear final consonants.

Also, the so-called «Clusters» — combinations of several consonants inside or at the joints of words. Words like three, sixth and others can cause pronunciation problems.

I recommend using the interactive sound table or the Cambridge mobile app to practice pronunciation and accent.

The same letter can represent several sounds, depending on the position in the word

The biggest challenge in learning English is mastering its reading rules.

Despite the fact that there are only 26 letters in the English alphabet (in contrast to the Russian 33), learning to read words and phrases in English is not so easy.

1 / Vowel sounds in the alphabet have a so-called «open» pronunciation, which is different from other European languages.

How to read the sounds of the English alphabet

2 / Vowel sounds in stressed words are read differently, depending on the type of syllable in which they stand.

3 / Unstressed vowel sounds are pronounced with a very weak sound schwa / ə /.

This sound is so weak that we often simply cannot hear it. In our English pronunciation, we often pronounce it too intensely.

For example, a word vegetable pronounced not VEDGETABL with the same intensity of all sounds, but / vedʒt (ə) b (ə) l /, that is, after a clear stressed syllable VE, there are reduced syllables, all the sounds of which are read with schwa, and they are almost inaudible (and often not at all).

I will tell you more about this feature of English stress in the article «How to learn to understand English by ear».

4 / Many vowels and consonants in writing are indicated by letter combinations that need to be remembered.

Errors in pronunciation lead to problems with listening to fast English speech. I recommend purchasing our «The Complete Guide to Reading Rules»… It will help fill in the gaps in your knowledge of pronunciation rules and help you avoid common mistakes.

Pronunciation and reading of vowels

Sound	Pronunciation feature	Typical combinations	Exception words
/ Ə /	A weak unstressed sound is a cross between a very weak A and E	Any vowel without stress, mostly a, o, u, e
/ ɪ /	«And short» Lips are slightly stretched in a semi-smile, tongue in front of the mouth. We pronounce light I.	i in a closed syllableif, film,hise in endingsdancees, started	owomeneEnglish, decideawoolage, chocolateate
/ ɪː /	«And long» Lips are slightly stretched, tongue in front of the mouth. We pronounce a long I. We do not strain our lips.	eesee,sleepmost words with easea, RESPONSIVEead, eat,pleasee in open syllabletree, be,these	i under stress in borrowed wordsdoine, policeiefie

Source: https://stordar.ru/angliiskie-zvuki/

Correct pronunciation: how to achieve it?

The English alphabet has 26 letters and 44 sounds. If in some languages ​​each letter is responsible for only one sound, then in English one letter can transmit up to four sounds, and in some cases even up to seven. Hence the favorite saying of the British: «We write» Liverpool «and read» Manchester «».

In addition, articulation (movement of the tongue, lips, mouth) is significantly different from the Russian. There are sounds similar to the Russians, but when pronouncing them, the articulation organs work differently.

If you want to get rid of the accent, or at least come close to English speaking, all the differences need to be taken into account. Here are some tips on how to set yourself the correct English pronunciation.

1. Learn the alphabet

Many adults consider this a child exercise. But one day you will surely be asked: “Please spell your name” (“Spell your name”). Here is the knowledge of the letters of the English alphabet. In addition, abbreviations, street names, house numbers and flights may have letters, and, for example, at the airport they will definitely be pronounced as in the alphabet.

2. Practice articulation by pronouncing consonants.

After you have mastered the letters of the alphabet, boldly proceed to the study of the sounds that they transmit. Train yourself to correct articulation right away. Learn to first pronounce the sounds separately, bring it to automatism, and then go on to words, phrases, and sentences.

In English, there are consonants that at first glance (or rather, hearing) are pronounced as in Russian.

1. Check where the tip of the tongue is when making the sounds [d] — [t], [n], [r], [s], [z]. Rests on the teeth? Congratulations, you pronounce the Russian alphabet. The native English tip of the tongue at this time is on the alveoli (the largest tubercle in the upper palate). Try it. Now you get pure English sounds. Practice: bed [bed] — ten [ten], not [nɔt], rat [ræt], sun [sʌn], zoo [zu:].

2. Picture a hare when you make sounds [f] — [v]. Upper teeth must be placed on the lower lip. Practice: fat [f æt] — vet [vet].

3. Remember that sound [l] is always solid: London [ˈlʌndən].

4. When training the sound [w], take a candle: this is the best way to learn how to pronounce it correctly. Fold your lips with a straw and stretch it forward (like little children pull in a kiss), and then smile sharply. Then get this sound. When training, keep the candle at a distance 20 – 25 cm from the lips. If the flame goes out when you make a sound, then you are doing everything correctly. Practice: say the word well [wel].

5. Warm your hands when training the sound [h]. It has nothing to do with Russian [x]. Imagine that you are very cold and are trying to warm your hands with your breath. You bring them to your lips and breathe out. During exhalation, a light, barely audible English sound is formed [h]. As in the word home [h əum].

6. Train the sound [ŋ] with a bad headache or imagine that you have it. There is no such sound in Russian, it is transmitted by a combination of ng in English. Press your tongue like a spatula to the upper palate and let the sound through your nose. A bit like [n], if you pronounce it with a strong cold. Do not forget that your tongue is still touching the alveoli, not the teeth. Practice: interesting [ˈɪnt (ə) rɪstɪŋ].

7. Stay a serpent and a bee for training [ð] — [θ]. These sounds are absent in Russian and are formed by a combination of the letters th in English.

[ð] — a ringing sound. Bite the tip of the tongue slightly and utter the sound [3]. If during training the tickle and lower lip, then you are doing everything right. If not, then perhaps you too bit the tip of the tongue, slightly loosen your teeth. Say the word this [ðɪs], it turns out?

[θ] is a dull sound. Articulation is the same, just pronounce the sound [s]. To train a dull sound [θ], say the word thank [θæŋk].

3. Learn four types of syllables for correct vowel pronunciation

Reading vowels depends on the type of syllable in which they are located:

• open (syllable ends in a vowel);
• closed (syllable ends in a consonant);
• vowel + r;
• vowel + re.

In the first type of syllable — open — the vowels are read as in the alphabet (so the knowledge of the alphabet was useful to us!). For example: plane [plein], nose [nəuz], tube [tju: b], Pete [pi: t].

In the second type, you need to memorize the pronunciation of each vowel:

• [æ] — open sound, not long. It is given by the letter A in a closed syllable. Check yourself: sit at the table, straighten up, put one elbow on the surface, bend the brush under the chin. Between the chin and the brush you will have room, unless, of course, you straighten your back. Now lower the lower jaw down so that it reaches the brush, and pronounce [e]. Practice with the word bag [bæg].
• [e] is often confused with the previous sound. When pronouncing [e], you only need to slightly raise the corners of the lips up, as if smiling slightly. These are two different sounds, and they are not similar to each other, and even more so to Russian [e]. Practice: pet [pet].
• Brief sounds [i], [ɔ], [ʌ], [u] are pronounced intensively, without chanting: big [big], box [bɔks], bus [bʌs], book [bʊk].

In the third and fourth types of syllables, the letter R is not readable, it only forms a syllable and lengthens the vowel sound: car [ka:], sort [sɔ: t], turn [tɜ: n].

[a:], [ɔ:] — special sounds. Imagine that you are on a visit to a doctor who examines your throat. The root of your tongue is pressed with a wand and asked to say «A-ah-a.» It is precisely in this position that the language should be when pronouncing the sounds [a] and [o]. If at the same time you wanted to yawn, then you are on the right track! Try it now: car [ka:], sort [sɔ: t].

4. Remember the correct accents

Most often in English the stressed syllable is the first. If you need to pronounce the word, and ask no one who has a dictionary or not, place emphasis on the first syllable. Of course, it is better to immediately memorize words with the correct emphasis or check yourself in a dictionary.

5. Do not forget the four important rules

• In English, there are no soft consonants.
• Voiced consonants are not stunned at the end of a word.
• Vowels are long (in transcription they are denoted by [:]) and brief.
• No unnecessary — especially sharp — lip movements.

6. The main advice for practicing any skill: exercise!

Learn a few phrases to practice correct pronunciation:

• Very well [‘veri’ wel].
• World Wide Web or WWW [‘w əuld’ waid ‘web www].
• Eleven benevolent elephants [ɪˈlevn bəˈəˈnevələnt ˈelɪfənts].
• Stupid superstition [ˈstjuːpɪd ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃ (ə) n].
• Pirates Private Property [ˈpaɪrəts praɪvət ˈprɒpəti].

And remember: different sounds have a meaningful function. For example, man [mæn] («man») and men [men] («men»); ship [ʃip] (“ship”) and sheep [ʃi: p] (“sheep”) and so on. Many people read three («three») as [tri:] (which means «tree») or [fri:] («freedom»), not taking into account that th [θ] reads differently, it is simply not in Russian (remember the exercise «bee»). Knowing the correct pronunciation of words, you will definitely not go wrong!

Author — Elena Britova

Source: https://vk.com/@bilingua_centre-pravilnoe-proiznoshenie-kak-dobitsya

Years in English: Pronunciation, Reading, Writing

In any stories, articles, educational texts, years are usually written in numbers. Therefore, for their correct understanding, there is no difference in what language the text is written. But as soon as it comes to pronunciation and listening comprehension, as well as, if necessary, to write them correctly in words, almost everyone has difficulties. How to pronounce years in English if they have zeros or are they represented by integers?

Even if you know English numerals well, years in English are read differently than in Russian. It is important to name the dates correctly when reading and in conversation. Therefore, the peculiarities of the pronunciation of the numerals denoting the year are worth a detailed study.

Thousands of years ago

Let’s start from afar. Until 1000, the name of the year was single-digit, two-digit, three-digit numerals: 6th year, 23rd year, 998th year. Please note: in the Russian version these are ordinal numbers, in English — quantitative ones.

These years are the easiest to read — they read like regular numbers:

That noble knight lived in year 6 (six). “That noble knight lived in the sixth year.

In year 23 (twenty-three) the volcano woke up and wiped out his kingdom. — In 23, the volcano woke up and wiped out his kingdom from the face of the Earth.

Ibn Abi Hasina was born in 998 (nine hundred and ninety-eight). — Ibn Abi Hasina was born in 998.

Reading four-digit years

Beginning in the year 1000, the names of the years are indicated by four-digit numerals. It would seem that if you know the word thousand (thousand), hundred (hundred) and you know how to make two-digit numbers, there will be no questions. But the bottom line is that there are three ways to read such symbols in English.

Consider the pronunciation of years in English using the example of 1956. We use all the options in order of increasing frequency of use:

• The rarest way is a full four-digit numeral: 1956 — one thousand nine hundred (and) fifty-six — one thousand nine hundred fifty-six
• The «hundreds» way of reading is a little more common than thousands: 1956 — nineteen hundred (and) fifty-six — nineteen hundred fifty-six
• The generally accepted (most common) way of double numbers: 1956 — nineteen (and) fifty-six — nineteen fifty-six

All these rules apply for the years of the 21st century, starting from 2010.

2010 — two thousand (and) ten / twenty hundred (and) ten / twenty (and) ten

The conjunction and between numerals is usually used in British English and omitted in American English.

Zero years and round numbers

How to read years in English if there is a zero in the number? Zero in English is zero. Since we use numerals to designate years, theoretically this word should also have been used. But in fact, when reading years with zeros in a composition, the following rules apply:

1) Zero instead of zero reads Oh (like the English vowel O). This is usually needed if the penultimate character in the year name is zero (before the year 2000).

1706 — seventeen oh six

2) After 2000 (2001-2009), when reading years, the word thousand is used, and zero is not indicated by a separate word.

For example, 2006 in English:

2006 — two thousand and six

3) «Round thousandths» 1000 and 2000 years should be read like this:

1000 — one thousand

2000 — two thousand

4) In years with two zeros at the end, we use the word «hundred»

1800 — eighteen hundred

1200 — twelve hundred

Grammatical nuances of the designation of years in English

• The preposition In is placed in front of the year number in English. They took a loan in 1996. — They took out a loan in 1996.
• The word year (year) in English is either completely omitted, or comes before the numeral (as opposed to the Russian version). They paid off the loan in year 2006. — They paid off the loan in 2006.
• The words thousand (thousand) and hundred (hundred) in the designation of years in English are always used in the singular. He’s going to enroll in this program in two thousand twenty one. — He is going to enroll in this program in 2021.

So now you know how to read years in English. Writing and pronouncing any date in English that includes a year is not difficult. We offer to consolidate your knowledge. Complete the exercise with the correct sentences. The dates in these proposals will be written in different ways.

Online exercise for writing years

Translate sentences into English using the suggested English words.

Complete the full course

• He
• was
• a
• lawyer
• in
• nineteen
• oh
• seven

• They
• rebuilt
• Their
• house
• in
• Two
• thousands
• and
• nine

• Their
• family
• is
• coming
• back
• in
• Twenty
• hundredweight
• twenty-two

• That
• story
• began
• in
• Two
• thousands

• His
• grandfather
• was
• born
• in
• nineteen
• hundredweight

Source: https://lim-english.com/posts/goda-po-anglijski/

Pronunciation of prices and percentages in English

Greetings, dear readers! In learning English numerals, we have missed one very important aspect. But today we will correct ourselves, and you will learn how to correctly name prices and percentages in English. The English language has its own peculiarities of the names of phone numbers, dates, percentages and prices. And for you, as a student of this language, it is important to know these features in order to then be able to apply this knowledge in practice in the future.

prices in english

The first thing I want to draw your attention to is that when denoting prices, the British put the currency icon in the first place, followed by the value indicator itself, but the name of the monetary currency is pronounced after the price in the singular, and when the sum is «round», then in the plural:

• € 1 — one Euro
• $ 200 — two hundred dollars
• £ 30 — thirty pounds

In the case when the price is presented in the form of a decimal fraction, then the amount of the whole number can be indicated before the currency. And when pronouncing, the same rules apply that must be followed when reading decimal fractions, but the word «point» is not pronounced.

If the sum is plural, then the word (noun), which denotes currency, is also used in the plural:

• $ 1.99 — one (dollar) ninety nine;
• $ 89.75 — eighty nine (dollars) ninety nine seventy five;
• £ 5 — five (pounds) thirty nine;
• € 7.55 — seven (Euros) fifty.

• Monetary amounts in spoken English

Monetary amounts in spoken English

In everyday conversations, English speakers, especially Americans, are more likely to name prices in a simplified form. However, like ours — a piece, a lemon, a tank, a ton, a piece, etc. In colloquial English, a three-digit price is usually pronounced like this:

$ 574 — five seventy-four bucks (bucks is the slang for the American dollar — what we call the buck).

Dollar

But it is much more interesting to pronounce prices that do not consist of rounded thousands. For example, the amount of $ 1800 — we will call it one thousand eight hundred dollars, one thousand eight hundred bucks, or a piece eight hundred bucks. English-speaking, however, naming the price in $ 1800, will only say — eighteen hundred bucks… In more specific cases, hundreds are complemented by a two-digit remainder:

$ 6 — sixty-three hundred seventy-nine bucks (sixty-three hundred seventy-nine bucks).

For rounded four-digit and five-digit prices, a different colloquial form is used — large (ton, piece). For English «tones», the same sound is used as for the names of other categories (million, thousand), that is, in the singular:

$ 2 — two grand bucks — two grand bucks.
$ 97 — ninety-seven grand — ninety-seven tons.

For sums consisting of 6 digits (100, 000), instead of the last three zeros, use the designation “К»([Keɪ]), that is — chunks, kilobaxes:

I paid for my car eight hundred K (800K) — I paid 800 lbs or kilobucks for the car.

Interest

Not infrequently, when communicating or reading, percentages are indicated, including in decimal fractions: per cent [pə’sent]. But what about discounts in stores and sales when shop windows are full of headlines SALES 70%, 50%, 30%? How to tell your beloved friend about discounts in English? To do this, you need to find out the rules, what are the names of interest in English.

Everything is simple here, as with ordinary numbers, but there is a slight nuance. The noun «percent» is used in the singular: 3.2% — three point two per cent; 50% — fifty per cent. The plural (percents) can only be associated with a given topic in the school, however it cannot be used with specific numbers.

Well, here we have clarified the next use of numbers in English. If you figure it out, everything is very clear, and there should be no problems with their use. Now you can safely shop in American or British stores without fear of getting into an awkward situation.

All peace and kindness. Bye!

Source: https://englishfull.ru/znat/cena-po-anglijski.html

Oh, this transcription Do children need it when learning English?

Good-good-good morning planet!

I don’t know about you, of course, but it’s morning on my planet of English (called Liza’s English). And I decided to write an important informational and practical article about English transcription on a cheerful morning head. I think you don’t mind). Then let’s start analyzing this simple, but often questionable topic.

:

And I’ll start with the question:

Do you need English transcription at all?

What can I say to you? .. If in the school curriculum in English it is passed and forced to teach, then of course you can’t get out! Globally speaking, its absence in learning English will not affect the results and knowledge in any way.

BUT! Since our children still study English, it is a matter of honor to know what transcription is in it. This is about the same as it is important to know that there are 6 cases in Russian (and this, by the way, differs it from English and many others). But after all, we can learn to speak and write words without thinking about what case to use in them. «ANDВан Рodil Дyevchonka Well, you understand me, I think.

Therefore, my verdict is — we will study! But quickly and without any stretching for a year! A lesson or two — and English transcription» will become the most pleasant phrase in the world

In addition, having the ability to decipher the English transcription, any schoolchild and adult will be able to read and pronounce any, even the most «terribly incomprehensible» word in the English dictionary !!!

Why was it invented?

They came up with it a very, very long time ago, while the British themselves, for themselves — when they realized that they themselves could not always understand how this or that word is read.

The fact is that in English there are reading rules according to which you can read words correctly. For example, such a rule: «In a closed syllable, the English letter» a «will be read like this (words bag, laptop)». But at the same time, there are so many exceptions in these rules that sometimes it is impossible to remember them (for example, to this rule we take an exception with a word with a closed syllable task, in which the letter «a» is already read differently).

Well, they came up with such a concept as transcription, so that every English word can be read correctly, even without knowing the rules, but simply by owning a set of transcription symbols.

Sometimes you may see two variations of the same icon, this is normal. Both of them have a place to be. My analogies with Russian letters are very arbitrary. The main thing here is to hear the sound and simulate it as accurately as possible.

Transcription icons for vowel sounds

[i] or [ı] a sound similar to «and», but more abrupt and solid.

[e]  a sound similar to «e», but more abrupt and solid.

[ӕ]  a sound similar to «e», but broader.

[ɔ] or[ɒ]  a sound similar to «o», but more abrupt and open.

[∧]   sound similar to «a», but more staccato.

[u] or [ʋ] a sound similar to «y», but more staccato.

[i:] a sound like a long and.

[ɔ:] a sound like a long «o».

[ɑ:] a sound like a long and deep «a».

[u:] a sound like a long «y».

[ə:] or [ɜ:] a sound resembling something in between «o» and «e».

In English, there is one single transcriptional icon that denotes an unstressed vowel — [ə]. It is pronounced very shortly and indistinctly. We often hear it at the end of words ending in unstressed vowels. Teacher, computer

Transcriptional icons for consonants

[p] a sound similar to «p».

[b] a sound similar to «b».

[t] sound like «t».

[d] a sound similar to «d».

[k] sound like «k».

[g] a sound similar to «g».

[f] a sound similar to «f».

[v] a sound similar to «in».

[s] a sound similar to «s».

[z] a sound similar to «z».

[m] a sound similar to «m».

[n] sound like «n».

[l] a sound similar to «l».

[h] a sound like an airy «x».

[ʃ] a sound similar to «u».

[tʃ] a sound similar to «h».

[ʒ] a sound similar to «g».

[dʒ] sound like «j».

[r] a sound similar to «p».

[j] a sound similar to «th». Softens vowels, ex. [jɒ] [je] [ju:]

[w] the sound made by the lips.

[ŋ] a sound similar to «n» pronounced in the nose.

[θ] dull interdental sound.

[ð] ringing interdental sound.

Transcriptional icons for diphthongs (double sounds)

[aı] or [ai] a sound similar to «ah».

[eı] or [ei] a sound like «hey».

[ɔı] or [ɔi] a sound similar to «oh».

[aʋ] or [au] a sound similar to «ay».

[əʋ] or [ou] sound like «oh».

[ıə] or [iə] a sound similar to «ee».

[ʋə] or [uə] a sound similar to «ue».

[eə] or [εə] a sound like «ea».

Practice time

Well, we have reviewed with you all the signs of the English transcription. Most of them are easy for kids and adults to remember. Difficulties sometimes arise with icons denoting diphthongs or some sounds that are not at all similar to Russian. But this quickly corrects if everything is consolidated right away with good practice and exercises, which we will now do.

I recommend buying and taking an online course (from the well-known service LinguaLeo). There, the letters and sounds of the English language are analyzed in detail. The transcription can also be worked out well. and try the course for free. If you like it, go ahead! ..

Exercise 1

The first thing to do is to repeat several times the sound corresponding to a certain sign of the English transcription. Go in order (according to the list I gave). Repeat one sound 3-5 times, trying to associate a complex icon with an image.

For example, repeating the sound [ӕ], imagine a kitty [kӕt], a hat [hӕt] or any other image, but only let this image correspond to a word that is pronounced with this sound in English.

 For example, an image of a bag [bӕg] with such a corporate badge appeared in my head.))

How is it? Hard? If yes, then I will share with you my ideas regarding the most «intractable» transcription signs. Please do not judge strictly my clumsy pictures. I swear they look much prettier in my imagination)).

Icon [ʋ] — foot-heel image.

The word foot [fʋt].

Icon  [ɜ:] — the image of a bird.

The word bird [bɜ:d].

Icon [ʃ] — the image of the shoe.

The word shoe [ʃu:].

Icon [tʃ] -image of a chicken.

The word chick [tʃık].

Icon [dʒ] — the image of the page in the textbook.

Source: https://lizasenglish.ru/anglijskij-dlya-detej/transkripciya.html

Fractional numbers in English

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Numbers are words with which we determine the number or order of objects when counting. We know that in English, as in Russian, there are cardinal and ordinal numbers. You can read more about each of these groups in the articles of the same name on the blog. It remains to talk about fractional numbers in English (fractional numbers). How are these concepts expressed in the language we are studying?

To understand the intricacies of using fractional numbers in English, you need to recall some information from the mathematics course. What fractions did you study in school? The correct answer is simple and decimal. It is in this vein that we will talk about fractional numbers.

Simple fractions in English

In English, in common fractions, the numerator is expressed as a cardinal number, and the denominator as an ordinal. Therefore, do not forget about how ordinal numbers are formed. Moreover, if the numerator is a digit greater than one, the denominator will also have a -s ending at the end. For example:

• ½ — a half / one half
• ⅓ — a third / one third
• ¼ — a fourth / one fourth / a quarter / one quarter
• ⅕ — a fifth / one fifth
• ⅙ — a sixth / one sixth
• ⅔ — two thirds
• ¾ — three fourths / three-quarters
• ⅘ — four fifths
• ⅚ — five sixths
• 1 ½ — one and a half
• 2 ¼ — two and a fourth
• 3 ⅓ — three and a third

What is the number of the noun accompanying the fractional number in English? The noun behind the fraction will be in the singular, and in front of it will be the preposition of:

• ⅔ kilogram (two thirds of a kilogram)
• ¾ kilometer (three fourths of a kilometer)
• ½ liter (one half of a liter)

If the noun is a mixed number, we use the plural noun:

• 2 ½ kilograms (two and a half kilograms)
• 3 ¾ kilometers (three and three fourths kilometers)

Decimal fractions in English

Now let’s talk about decimal fractions in English. In Russian, we separate the whole number from the fraction using a comma in such fractions. In English, a period is used for the same procedure. In such fractions, each digit is read separately. By the way, a point in English is point, and zero has two options — nought (UK) and zero (USA). If a decimal integer is represented by a zero, it is often omitted when reading it. For example:

• 0.1 — nought point one / point one
• 0.2 — nought point two / point two
• 0.3 — nought point three / point three
• 0.01 — nought point nought one / point nought one
• 0.02 — nought point nought two / point nought two
• 0.03 — nought point nought three / point nought three
• 3.36 — three point three six
• 6.92 — six point nine two
• 8.71 — eight point seven one
• 64.705 — six four point seven nought five

And a few words about interest. To denote the percentage, the sign -% and the word per cent are used:

• 3% — three per cent
• 4/5% — four fifths per cent / four fifths of one per cent

This is all the information you need to know in order to navigate the material «Fractional Numbers in English». I am sure that you have known all this for a long time, there are still some nuances left to remember.

This topic is closely related to others described in the articles that you need to pay attention to:

After familiarizing yourself with them, we recommend that you pass the following test: «Test for the use of numerals in English.»

Source: https://engblog.ru/fractional-numbers

«One, two, three, four, five» or numbers in English

What a new English learner cannot do without? What should your child learn for school? Without which you can’t even tell what time it is now? Of course, no numbers. It is quite easy to learn numbers in English. You can memorize them with the help of interesting color pictures, you can sing like a song, you can memorize them like a tongue twister — space for imagination and creativity!

How to name numbers in English

Let’s list the main numbers in English:

• 0 — zero — zero;
• 1 — one — one;
• 2 — two — two;
• 3 — three — three;
• 4 — four — four;
• 5 — five — five;
• 6 — six — six;
• 7 — seven — seven;
• 8 — eight — eight;
• 9 — nine — nine.

The following numbers do not lend themselves to the general rules of education:

• 10 — ten — ten;
• 11 — eleven — eleven;
• 12 — twelve — twelve;
• 100 — hundred — one hundred;
• 1000 — thousand — thousand.

How to pronounce them correctly in English?

You can correctly pronounce the numbers, and all other words of the English language, only if you know the transcription. Transcription is a special recording of a word the way it is pronounced (for example, the Russian word «draw» can be transcribed as [risavatsa]). And learning English numbers with transcription is much easier than without it.

This is how English numbers are read:

• 0 — zero — [‘ziərəu];
• 1 — one — [wʌn];
• 2 — two — [tu:];
• 3 — three — [θri:];
• 4 — four — [fɔ:];
• 5 — five — [faiv];
• 6 — six. — [siks];
• 7 — seven — [‘sev (ə) n];
• 8 — eight — [eit];
• 9 — nine — [nain];
• 10 — ten — [ten];
• 11 — eleven — [i’lev (ə) n];
• 12 — twelve — [twelv];
• 100 — hundred — [hʌndred];
• 1000 — thousand — [θʌuzend].

But what if you don’t know how the transcription is read? For those who are just going to learn English from scratch, numbers with Russian transcription are very useful:

• 0 — zero — [zirou];
• 1 — one — [yuan];
• 2 — two — [that];
• 3 — three — [sri];
• 4 — four — [pho];
• 5 — five — [five];
• 6 — six — [sixx];
• 7 — seven — [seven];
• 8 — eight — [yut];
• 9 — nine — [nine];
• 10 — ten — [ten];
• 11 — eleven — [ileven];
• 12 — twelve — [twelve];
• 100 — hundred — [handred];
• 1000 — thousand — [southend].

All possible numbers, the largest imaginable, are just combinations of nine numbers, from zero to nine. The numbers are formed according to special rules.

Rules for the formation of numbers in English

In general, numbers in English can be divided into: • simple; • derivatives;

• composite.

Source: https://1hello.ru/grammatika/one-two-three-four-five-ili-cifry-na-anglijskom-yazyke.html