Word that modifies a noun

The articles are:
DEFINITE ARTICLE: the; used to identify a specific noun.
INDEFINITE ARTICLES: a (used before a noun starting with a consonant sound), an (used before a noun starting with a vowel sound); used to identify a singular general noun.

ADJECTIVES: An adjective describes or qualifies a noun (a big dog, a small dog); adjectives are used before the noun or after a linking verb (This is an easy subject. or This is hard.); two or more adjectives can be used together (a beautiful, young lady). There are hundreds of adjectives, some samples are: happy, sad, green, white, special, somber, chewy, dark, heavy, sweet, lucky, wonderful, etc.

ADVERBS: An adverb, which is used to modify verbs, can also modify adjectives, which is additional information about a noun; for example a very happy birthday, his frequently long speeches, a simply delicious dish, etc.

POSSESSIVE NOUNS are used to indicate ownership, possession, origin or purpose. A possessive noun is formed by adding an apostrophe -s (‘s) to the end of the word, or just an apostrophe to plural nouns that already end with -s (‘); for example, the book’s cover or the books’ covers; the child’s coat or the children’s coats; etc.

ATTRIBUTIVE NOUNS are nouns used to describe other nouns (nouns used as adjectives), for example horse farm, house plant, vegetable broth, school books, shoe lace, etc.

The modifying pronouns are:
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES, my, your, his, her, its, our, their.
A possessive adjective takes the place of possessive noun indicating that the noun belongs to someone or something: for example, his bicycle, her birthday, its leaves, their house, etc.

What is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun?

adjective

What is used to modify a noun?

· Grammar. Adjectives are words that modify nouns. They are often called “describing words” because they give us further details about a noun, such as what it looks like (the white horse), how many there are (the three boys) or which one it is (the last house). Adjectives do not modify verbs or other adjectives.

What modifies nouns or pronouns quizlet?

What names something or someone for whom the action of the verb is performed?

(See PARTS OF SPEECH) DIRECT OBJECT: the noun that receives the action of the verb. INDIRECT OBJECT: The noun that names the person or thing for whom or to whom the action of the verb is directed; cannot be present without a direct object; will precede the direct object in the sentence.

What are the two basic sentence elements?

The two most basic parts of a sentence are the subject and predicate.

What is an example of direct speech?

Direct speech is a sentence in which the exact words spoken are reproduced in speech marks (also known as quotation marks or inverted commas). For example: “You’ll never guess what I’ve just seen!” said Sam, excitedly. “What’s that?” asked Louise.

How do you convert direct speech to indirect speech?

Rules for conversion of Indirect Speech to Direct Speech

1. Use the reporting verb, “say” or “said to” in its correct tense.
2. Remove the conjuctions “that, to, if or whether etc”.
3. Insert quotation marks, question mark, exclamation and fullstop, wherever necessary.
4. Put a comma before the statement.

How do you identify direct and indirect speech?

Direct Speech: the message of the speaker is conveyed or reported in his own actual words without any change. Indirect Speech: the message of the speaker is conveyed or reported in our own words. a) Direct: Radha said, “I am very busy now.” b) Indirect: Radha said that she was very busy then.

How do you identify direct speech?

In direct speech, we quote the exact words that were spoken. We put quotation marks around what was said and add a speech tag such as he said “or ” “she asked” either before or after the .

What is the rule of direct and indirect speech?

Rules for conversion of Indirect Speech to Direct Speech

Indirect (Conjunction)	Direct (Kind of Sentence)
That	Statement (or) Exclamatory sentence
to, not to	Imperative
requested + to	Begin the imperative sentence with “please”
if or whether	Interrogative sentence (Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + …?)

How do you teach direct and indirect speech to students?

Using Activities to Teach Reported Speech. Have your students rephrase sentences using reported speech. First, call on one of your students and read out a simple sentence. Then, have the student report the information back to you first using direct speech, then using indirect speech.

What is a fun way to teach direct speech?

Fun ways of practising Reported Speech

1. Reported speech reversi.
2. Go betweens.
3. What they told you.
4. Reported speech pairwork dictation.
5. Reported speech pairwork dictation same or different.
6. Pairwork dictation match the sentences.
7. Pairwork dictation match the dialogue pairs.
8. Reported Speech sentence completion guessing game.

What is indirect speech give examples?

uncountable noun. Indirect speech is speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person’s actual words: for example, ‘They said you didn’t like it’, ‘I asked her what her plans were’, and ‘Citizens complained about the smoke’.

How do you teach a reported speech to a beginner?

Practice. Provide students with a chart of the principal changes in reported speech (i.e. will -> would, present perfect -> past perfect, etc.). Ask students to practice the reported speech by beginning with a reported speech worksheet or by asking them to change sentences from direct to reported speech.

What is the correct way to use reported speech?

In reported speech we need to use the past tense form of the verb. In direct speech the present tense is used….using suggestions in reported speech

1. ‘My brothers are taller than me.
2. ‘I will see you soon.
3. ‘I have a cold.
4. ‘I know the way.
5. ‘He lost his phone.
6. ‘Do you want a coffee?

What is a reported speech and examples?

Reported speech is speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person’s actual words: for example, ‘They said you didn’t like it’, ‘I asked her what her plans were’, and ‘Citizens complained about the smoke’.

What is the meaning of indirect?

: not direct: such as. a(1) : deviating from a direct line or course : roundabout. (2) : not going straight to the point an indirect accusation. (3) : being or involving proof of a proposition or theorem by demonstration that its negation leads to an absurdity or contradiction.

How do you teach direct speech?

Write the sentence in direct speech on the board, and the reporting sentence right next to it. Make sure students understand that the verb in simple past was changed to past perfect. Report on what your students said about their weekend. Then, ask students to continue reporting on what their classmates said.

What is the meaning of direct speech?

Direct or quoted speech is spoken or written text that reports speech or thought in its original form phrased by the original speaker; in narrative, it is usually enclosed in quotation marks but can be enclosed in guillemets.

What is a modifying word?

A working definition for the word “modify” is to change or to alter something. A modifier changes, clarifies, qualifies, or limits a particular word in a sentence in order to add emphasis, explanation, or detail. Modifiers tend to be descriptive words, such as adjectives and adverbs.

What part of speech is modifying verbs?

adverb

What are modifiers and examples?

A modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies—that is, gives information about—another word in the same sentence. For example, in the following sentence, the word “burger” is modified by the word “vegetarian”: Example: I’m going to the Saturn Café for a vegetarian burger.

What is a 77 modifier?

CPT modifier 77 is used to report a repeat procedure by another physician. Guidelines and Instructions. Submit this modifier to indicate that a basic procedure or service performed by another physician had to be repeated.

What is the 26 modifier?

The CPT modifier 26 is used to indicate the professional component of the service being billed was “interpretation only,” and it is most commonly submitted with diagnostic tests, including radiological procedures. When using the 26 modifier, you must enter it in the first modifier field on your claim.

What is modifier 76 used for?

Modifier 76 Used to indicate a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service.

What is a 59 modifier?

Modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than E/M services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. Only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used.

What is a 74 modifier used for?

Modifier -74 is used by the facility to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure requiring anesthesia was terminated after the induction of anesthesia or after the procedure was started (e.g., incision made, intubation started, scope inserted) due to extenuating circumstances or circumstances that threatened …

How many times can you use modifier 76?

Do not code 76 whenever you see same CPT code because sometimes the procedures will be performed on different parts of the body but the code will be same. As I have told you, Modifier 76 can be used only when the same procedure is performed same day.

What is a 51 modifier?

Modifier 51 is defined as multiple surgeries/procedures. Multiple surgeries performed on the same day, during the same surgical session. Diagnostic Imaging Services subject to the Multiple Procedure Payment Reduction that are provided on the same day, during the same session by the same provider.

What is a 79 modifier used for?

Modifier 79 is appended to a procedure code to indicate that the service is an unrelated procedure that was performed by the same physician during a post-operative period.

What is a 73 modifier?

Modifier -73 is used by the facility to indicate that a procedure requiring anesthesia was terminated due. to extenuating circumstances or to circumstances that threatened the well being of the patient after the. patient had been prepared for the procedure (including procedural pre-medication when provided), and.

What is the purpose of modifiers 73 and 74?

Modifier -73 indicates procedures discontinued prior to anesthesia, whereas modifier -74 is appropriate for procedures discontinued after anesthesia administration or after the procedure has begun (e.g., the physician made the incision or inserted a scope).

What is modifier 23?

Definition: Unusual Anesthesia: Occasionally, a procedure, which usually requires either no anesthesia or local anesthesia, because of unusual circumstances must be done under general anesthesia. Appropriate Usage. Add modifier 23 to the procedure code of the basic service.

What is a modifier 25?

Modifier 25 (significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management [E/M] service by the same physician on the same day of the procedure or other service) is the most important modifier for pediatricians in Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®).

What is modifier 32 used for?

Modifier 32 indicates mandated services. This modifier is not appropriate when billing Medicare for federally mandated visits for patients in a Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) or Nursing Facility (NF).

What is the 99 modifier?

Modifier 99, Multiple Modifiers: Under certain circumstances 2 or more modifiers may be necessary to completely delineate a service. In such situations modifier 99 is added to the basic procedure, and other applicable modifiers may be listed as part of the description of the service.

What is modifier AG?

AG Primary physician Surgical: Used to denote a primary surgeon. In the case of multiple primary surgeons, two or more surgeons can use modifier AG for the same patient on the same date of service if the procedures are performed independently and in different specialty areas.

What is a 62 modifier?

Modifier 62 – If two surgeons (each in a different specialty) are required to perform a specific procedure, each surgeon bills for the procedure with a modifier “-62.” Co-surgery also refers to surgical procedures involving two surgeons performing the parts of the procedure simultaneously, i.e., heart transplant or …

What is a Hcpcs modifier?

HCPCS Modifiers List. A modifier provides the means by which the reporting physician or provider can indicate that a service or procedure that has been performed has been altered by some specific circumstance but not changed in its definition or code.

Is a Hcpcs modifier?

HCPCS modifiers, like CPT modifiers, are always two characters, and are added to the end of a HCPCS or CPT code with a hyphen. When differentiating between a CPT modifier and a HCPCS modifier, all there’s one simple rule: if the modifier has a letter in it, it’s a HCPCS modifier.

What does the modifier stand for?

A modifier is a code that provides the means by which the reporting physician can indicate that a service or procedure that has been performed has been altered by some specific circumstance but has not changed in its definition or code.

What does A2 modifier mean?

Modifier A2 Dressing for two wounds. Modifiers A1-A9 have been established to indicate that a particular item is being used as a primary or secondary dressing as well as to indicate the number of wounds on which that dressing is being used.

What is a modifier 50?

Modifier 50 is used to report bilateral procedures that are performed during the same operative session by the same physician in either separate operative areas (e.g. hands, feet, legs, arms, ears), or one (same) operative area (e.g. nose, eyes, breasts).

Which modifier goes first QW or 59?

guidelines: order of modifiers If you have two pricing modifiers, the most common scenario is likely to involve 26 and another modifier. Always add 26 before any other modifier. If you have two payment modifiers, a common one is 51 and 59, enter 59 in the first position. If 51 and 78, enter 78 in the first position.

What is a HK modifier?

2021 HCPCS Modifier HK – Specialized mental health programs for high-risk populations.

What is a prepositional phrase modifying a noun or pronoun?

A prepositional phrase is a group of words consisting of a preposition, its object, and any words that modify the object. Most of the time, a prepositional phrase modifies a verb or a noun. These two kinds of prepositional phrases are called adverbial phrases and adjectival phrases, respectively.

Is a word used before a noun to modify the noun?

Adjectives are ‘describing’ words that modify or add qualities to nouns. Examples: articles, adjectives, adverbs, nouns, and pronouns.

What is a word used to modify a noun?

Adjectives are words that modify nouns. They are often called “describing words” because they give us further details about a noun, such as what it looks like (the white horse), how many there are (the three boys) or which one it is (the last house). Adjectives that answer the first question are descriptive adjectives.

What is modify in grammar?

to change somewhat the form or qualities of; alter partially; amend: to modify a contract. Grammar. (of a word, phrase, or clause) to stand in a syntactically subordinate relation to (another word, phrase, or clause), usually with descriptive, limiting, or particularizing meaning; be a modifier.

What does the word modify mean in grammar?

A working definition for the word “modify” is to change or to alter something. A modifier changes, clarifies, qualifies, or limits a particular word in a sentence in order to add emphasis, explanation, or detail.

How do you use the word modify in a sentence?

Examples of modify in a Sentence We can help you modify an existing home or build a new one. He modified the recipe by using oil instead of butter. She has modified her views on the matter. The design was modified to add another window.

What is another word for Modify?

What is another word for modify?

alter	change
revise	adjust
remodel	rework
vary	adapt
recast	refashion

What’s an antonym for Modify?

What is the opposite of modify?

fix	freeze
remain	spoil
stagnate	stay
unfit	leave alone
keep	preserve

What is an antonym for the word persist?

pɝˈsɪst) Be persistent, refuse to stop. Synonyms. plug uphold hang on bear on ask for it ask for trouble obstinate stick to persevere hang in hold on stick with preserve continue carry on plug away follow. Antonyms. discontinue uncork detach stifle compromising.

What’s another word for version?

In this page you can discover 41 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for version, like: edition, report, redaction, story, rendition, account, description, variant, paraphrase, depiction and interpretation.

What’s the opposite of version?

What is the opposite of version?

counterexample	antithesis
counter	contradiction
converse	contrariety
antipode

What’s another word for perspective?

viewpoint point of view

What is a synonym for new?

Some common synonyms of new are fresh, novel, and original. While all these words mean “having recently come into existence or use,” new may apply to what is freshly made and unused, what has not been known before, or what has not been experienced before.

What’s another word for brand new?

brand-new

• fresh,
• mint,
• pristine,
• span-new,
• virgin,
• virginal.

What is a word for new and different?

When they say ‘new approach’ they imply both new and different. But you should mind the word combinations like ‘innovative approach’, ‘advanced technology’. Following Pureferret’s comment, if we refer to programming, and need a single new and different something, we use ‘unique’ like ‘unique key’ in database.

What are bad words that start with D?

List Of Negative Words That Starts With D

Number	List Of Negative Words That Starts With D
2	Damaged
3	Damages
4	Damaging
5	Damn

What word takes 3 hours to say full word?

METHIONYLTHREONYLTHREONYGLUTAMINYLARGINYL … All told, the full chemical name for the human protein titin is 189,819 letters, and takes about three-and-a-half hours to pronounce.

What are the nouns that are referred to by pronouns called?

Usage – Pronoun Reference. A pronoun is a word used to stand for (or take the place of) a noun. This noun is called the pronoun’s antecedent. Unfortunately, it is very easy to create a sentence that uses a pronoun WITHOUT a clear, unmistakable noun antecedent.

What is an example of a dangling modifier?

A modifier is considered dangling when the sentence isn’t clear about what is being modified. For example, “The big” doesn’t make sense without telling what is big which leaves “big” as a dangling modifier; but, “the big dog” is a complete phrase.

How do you identify a modifier?

Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description to sentences. Typically, you will find a modifier right next to—either in front of or behind—the word it logically describes.

What are examples of modifiers?

How do you use modifiers correctly?

A modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that provides description.

1. Always place modifiers as close as possible to the words they modify.
2. A modifier at the beginning of the sentence must modify the subject of the sentence.
3. Your modifier must modify a word or phrase that is included in your sentence.

What is a bound modifier?

(STRUCTURES THAT CAN BE INSERTED INTO A SENTENCE PATTERN WITHOUT CHANGING THE PATTERN) ADJECTIVES (adj) are signalled structurally by -er and -est or by more and most (e.g., sharp, sharper, sharpest; useful, more useful, most useful).

What is a Resumptive modifier?

A resumptive modifier is a modifying phrase placed at the end of a sentence to repeat a key word or phrase and add new information.

What does free modifier mean?

Free modifiers are words and phrases the author tacks on to a sentence to make the sentence better. Free means you can tack on the modifier wherever you want to – at the beginning and end of a sentence are common. You can even push apart a sentence and stick in the modifier within the sentence itself.

What is nominative absolute in English grammar?

In English grammar, a nominative absolute is a free-standing (absolute) part of a sentence that describes the main subject and verb. It is usually at the beginning or end of the sentence, although it can also appear in the middle.

What is the meaning of nominative?

1a : of, relating to, or being a grammatical case (see case entry 1 sense 3a) that typically marks the subject of a verb especially in languages that have relatively full inflection nominative case. b : of or relating to the nominative case a nominative ending.

How do you use nominative absolute in a sentence?

Rules for joining with Nominative Absolute: At the time of action verb, first of all the subject of the first sentences will be written. Then “Having” and past participle “V-3” and “Comma” at the end of the first sentence will be written. Then the second sentence will be written.

What Mark is used after nominative absolute?

comma

What is phrase in apposition?

In grammar, an apposition occurs when two words or phrases are placed beside each other in a sentence so that one describes or defines the other. An example is the phrase “my dog Woofers,” in which “my dog” is in apposition to the name “Woofers.”

How do you join a simple sentence?

We can combine two simple sentences into one by using a present or past participle….Joining two simple sentences into another simple sentence

1. She works hard. She wants to pass the test.
2. She works hard to pass the test.
3. I put on my best clothes. I wanted to impress her.
4. I put on my best clothes to impress her.

How do you join two phrases?

You have four options for combining two complete sentences: comma and a conjunction (“and,” “but,” “or,” “for,” or “yet”) semicolon and a transitional adverb, like “therefore,” “moreover,” or “thus”

What is voice change in English grammar?

Voice is the term used to describe whether a verb is active or passive. When the subject of the verb is being acted upon (e.g., “The postman was bitten.”), the verb is said to be in the passive voice. So, the voice of a verb tells us whether the subject is acting or being acted upon.

Which is an example of a simple sentence?

A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a completed thought. Examples of simple sentences include the following: Joe waited for the train. The train was late.

How can you identify a simple sentence?

A simple sentence contains one independent clause. A compound sentence contains more than one! Put another way: a simple sentence contains a subject and a predicate, but a compound sentence contains more than one subject and more than one predicate.

What is the shortest sentence?

“Go!” Is The Shortest Grammatically Correct Sentence In English (+29 Fun Facts)

• According to the Global Language Monitor, the estimated number of words in the English language is 1,025,109.
• “I am” is the shortest complete sentence in the English language.

How many pages is 1000 words?

Pages by Word Count

Word Count	Pages (single spaced)	Pages (double spaced)
1000 Words	2 Pages	4 Pages
1200 Words	2⅖ Pages	4⅘ Pages
1500 Words	3 Pages	6 Pages
2000 Words	4 Pages	8 Pages

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Modifiers

After the completion of this article/post, you would be able to

• explain modifiers.

• identify different types of modifiers used in sentences. 

• make sentences by using different types of modifiers.

Overview:

1: Modifiers

2: Premodifiers

3: Postmodifiers

4: Dangling Modifiers

Part 1: Modifiers

What is a modifier?

The words or phrases that modify the noun/pronoun are known as modifiers. In other words, some words or phrases take their position before and after the noun head in a noun phrase and modify the noun adding special meaning to it. Modifiers placed before the noun head are called premodifiers while modifiers after the noun head are postmodifiers. Therefore, a noun phrase is usually formed as follows.

( Determiner + Premodifier + Noun head + Postmodifier)

Example: I saw the beautiful girl singing

Look at the passage below. Notice the words in italics:

Elvis Presley came from a poor family. He was born on 8 January in Mississippi. When Elvis was 13, he asked his mother to buy him a bicycle which was too expensive. His mother, a poor housewife, could only buy an ordinary guitar. In the same year Elvis and his family left Mississippi. They moved to Memphis, a small town in Tennessee. One day in 1954 he went to a recording studio called Sun Records. He wanted to make a record for his mother’s birthday. The secretary at the studio heard Elvis and took him to her boss, Sam Phillips. Elvis was Sam Phillips’ dream – a white boy with a black voice.

If you notice carefully, you will see the words in italics tell us something about the nouns they modify. For example, the adjective ‘poor’ modifies the noun ‘family’. Now let us see how some other modifiers have been used in the text:

From the examples, we see that adjectives are often used as modifiers. But there are other examples of modifiers which are not adjectives. Therefore a noun can also be modified by a phrase, a clause or another noun. We have also seen that modifiers can be used both before and after nouns they modify.

Part 1

Exercise 1

Work in pairs to find out modifiers in the following passage. Write them in the table below to show which of them are premodifers and which of them are postmodifiers.

Charles Dickens, of all the great nineteenth Century English novelists, is perhaps the most beloved by his readers. The ideas for many of the events and people in Dickens’s novels grew from his own experiences. Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on the southern coast of England, and grew up in a poor neighbourhood in London. His father, a clerk, accumulated huge debts. Dickens endured a difficult childhood, for he was forced to work in factories from an early age. His employers were often needlessly cruel. The painful experiences Dickens endured as a child worker inspired him to write Oliver Twist and David Copperfield. In these two well-known novels appear some of the cruelest characters in English fiction. Vivid portraits of schoolmasters, criminals and innocent victims are found in many of his novels. Dickens, who died as a result of continuing poor health at the age of fifty-eight, left an enduring legacy.

Part 2: Premodifiers

What is a Premodifier?

Modifiers which are placed after determiners but before the head of a noun phrase are called premodifiers. Adjectives are widely used as premodifiers, yet there are some other types of premodifers too.

Different types of premodifiers:

1. Adjectives as premodifiers:

We had a pleasant holiday last week.

There were plenty of bright people before the castle. 

Sabrina is a meritorious student.

2. Nouns as premodifiers:

Are the removal expenses paid by your company? 

The passenger ship dropped anchor in the harbor.

3. Adverbs as premodifiers:

We had a very pleasant holiday last week. 

She writes a few letters to her parents.

4. –ing participles as premodifiers:

Only a beginning student will find difficulty with Calculus. 

The developing countries are doing well in garments business.

5. –ed participles as premodifiers:

Often the reduced price of everyday commodities are out of reach for the poor. 

The defeated army were captivated in the prison.

His father is a retired English teacher.

6. Compound words as premodifiers: 

We have just bought a brand-new car. 

That’s an absolutely first-class idea. 

That is an out-of-date dictionary.

The room is decorated with red-and-white-striped wallpaper.

Part 3: Postmodifiers

What is a Postmodifier?

A noun can be modified by a following word, phrase or clause, and the word, phrase, or clause is called postmodifier. Postmodifiers are of different types:

1. Adjectives as postmodifiers:

There is nothing new about these techniques. 

They found her mother sick.

2. Adverbs as postmodifiers:

Can someone tell me a way out of it? 

The authority here are very strict. 

Can you find the road back?

We visited the house where Shakespeare lived.

3. Prepositional phrases as postmodifiers:

A white woman in jeans was watching me.

A ferryman with colourful toys was waiting in the station. 

There must be a better way of doing it.

The little boy is tired of hard work.

4. Relative clauses as postmodifiers:

I saw the boy who was going to the market. 

They cleaned the room which was filled with dirt.

5. –ing participles clauses as postmodifiers: 

A man wearing a grey suit left the office.

The people working in the IT business are often young. 

Do you know any of those people sitting behind us?

6. -ed participle clauses as postmodifiers:

The question debated in the parliament yesterday was about the new tax. 

The subject discussed in the book is difficult to understand.

7. –to infinitive clauses as postmodifiers: 

I have got something to say to you.

I have nothing to share with him.

8. Appositive clauses as postmodifiers:

We were delighted at the news that our team had own. 

Everybody will agree the fact that inflation is causing hardship.

Part 4: Dangling Modifiers

What is a dangling modifier?

A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. In other words, dangling modifiers are used either as a single word or a group of words in a sentence where they usually indicate the completion of some work but the performer of the work is not modified directly by it. These modifiers usually appear at the very beginning of a sentence, but these may appear at the end of a sentence as well.

Consider the following example:

Having finished the study, Ragib turned on TV.

In the example above, “having finished” states an action but does not name the doer of that action. In English sentences, the doer must be the subject of the main clause that follows. In this sentence, it is Ragib. He seems logically to be the one doing the action (“having finished”), and this sentence therefore does not have a dangling modifier.

Now consider this sentence:

Having finished the assignment, the TV was turned on.

“Having finished” is a participle expressing action, but the doer is not the TV set (the subject of the main clause): TV sets don’t finish assignments. Since the doer of the action expressed in the participle has not been clearly stated, the participle phrase is said to be a dangling modifier.

Some more examples of dangling modifiers and revisions:

Dangling Modifier:

After reading the original study, the article remains unconvincing.

(The article – the subject of the main clause – did not read the original study.)

Possible Revision:

After reading the original study, I find the article unconvincing.

Dangling Modifier:

Relieved of your responsibilities at your job, your home should be a place of relax.

(Your home – the subject of the main clause – is not relieved of your responsibilities.)

Possible Revision:

Relieved of your responsibilities at your job, you should be able to relax at home.

Dangling Modifier:

The experiment was a failure, not having studied the lab manual carefully.

(The experiment – the subject of the main clause – is not supposed to study the lab manual.)

Possible Revision:

They failed the experiment, not having studied the lab manual carefully.

Part-1:

Exercise-1:

Nouns and pronouns are commonly used parts of speech that appear in almost all of our sentences. While they get the job done, sometimes you just want a little bit more sparkle and pizzazz. Would you rather take a vacation or a sensational vacation? Would you rather throw a party or a gigantic, outrageous party? Would you rather pet a kitten or a wicked, ghostly kitten? OK, maybe not so much that last one …

When we want to zhuzh up our nouns and pronouns, we need to find some good adjectives. Adjectives are a major part of speech that not only make nouns and pronouns more interesting, but they also provide a lot more information when we use them in speech and writing. With all of the good work they do, it seems only fair that we learn more about them and how to best use them in our sentences.

What is an adjective?

An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun. In general, the purpose of an adjective is to describe a noun or pronoun and provide more information about it. Adjectives provide answers to questions such as “What kind?” “Which one?” and “Whose is it?”

To demonstrate how adjectives work, let’s look at two example sentences. The first sentence has no adjectives, and the second sentence has two adjectives.

• Leslie bought shoes at the store.
• Leslie bought new shoes at the busy store.

Both of these sentences are perfectly fine. However, the second sentence gives more information than the first one does. The second sentence tells us the shoes that Leslie bought haven’t been used before and that the store that she went to had a lot of customers in it.

There are two ways that adjectives are used in sentences and clauses:

1. The adjective is right next to the noun/pronoun that it modifies. Most of the time, adjectives come before the nouns/pronouns they modify, but they can sometimes come after them:

• The blue birds built a nest. (The adjective blue modifies the noun birds.)
• I was looking for someone else. (The adjective else modifies the pronoun someone.)

2. The adjective follows a linking verb and functions as a subject complement.

• The house is old. (The adjective old follows the linking verb is. Old modifies the noun house as the subject complement of the sentence.)

In either case, it is possible to use multiple adjectives to modify the same noun or pronoun:

• It was a dark and stormy night.
• My big, goofy dog is named Buddy.
• The mirror was crooked, cracked, and dirty.

When multiple adjectives are used before a noun/pronoun, they typically follow a specific adjective order.

A noun refers to a person, place, or thing. Learn about the different types of nouns and how to use them correctly in a sentence.

List of adjectives

There are tons and tons of adjectives. The following list gives a tiny sample of the many, many adjectives that exist:

• happy
• embarrassing
• tall
• delicious
• uncomfortable
• clumsy
• suspicious

Examples of adjectives in a sentence

The following sentences give examples of how we use adjectives:

• Gavin is a smart guy.
• The big basket is full of red apples.
• The cocky rabbit lost the race to the careful tortoise.
• The old clock was broken.
• The masked villain’s plot was stopped by the brave, groovy teenagers and their goofy, cowardly dog.

What is an adjective clause?

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that—like an adjective—modifies a noun or a pronoun. Adjective clauses are also referred to as relative clauses because they usually (but not always) begin with a relative pronoun. Relative pronouns include words such as who, whom, whose, where, which, and that.

In the sentence I know a girl who can play the piano, the noun girl is modified by the dependent clause who can play the piano. Because this clause modifies a noun, it is an adjective clause.

Because adjective clauses act as adjectives, they cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. For example, the following adjective clause doesn’t make grammatical sense by itself:

• That plays beautiful songs.

Instead, the adjective clause must modify a noun or pronoun:

• I am looking for a music box that plays beautiful songs.

Adjective clause examples

The following sentences all have adjective clauses. As you read each sentence, see if you can identify which noun or pronoun is being modified by the adjective clause.

1. Jason was the student who knew the right answer.
2. I found the squirrel that was hiding in my tool shed.
3. The movie, which we saw yesterday, won lots of awards.
4. My parents visited the place where they first met.

Answers: 1. Student 2. Squirrel 3. Movie 4. Place

How are adjectives used?

Adjectives can be used in several different ways when they modify nouns.

To describe nouns & pronouns

A common reason we use adjectives is to describe nouns and pronouns. Adjectives can describe a noun’s/pronoun’s characteristics. They can also describe approximate or exact quantities of nouns/pronouns. For example:

• Quality: The busy beavers built a big dam.
• Approximate amount: I gave bread to some ducks.
• Exact quantity: She has three sisters.

List of adjectives used to describe

There are a huge number of adjectives that you can use to describe people and things. Some examples are listed below, but you can probably think of other fun adjectives that can describe people and things.

• silly
• young
• many
• few
• twelve
• fifty

Looking for the right word to describe someone’s best attributes? Instead of common words like “kind” or “funny,” use one of these positive words.

To compare nouns & pronouns

We also use adjectives to compare people and things to each other. When we compare two things, we use a comparative adjective. For example, if a black pencil has a length that exceeds that of a brown pencil, we would say that the black pencil is longer than the brown pencil. Longer is a comparative adjective. When we compare more than two things, we use a superlative adjective. For example, if we had three boxes that weighed 2, 5, and 10 pounds, we would say that the 10-pound box is the heaviest of the three boxes. A comparative adjective ends in -er or uses the words more or less, and a superlative adjective ends in -est or uses the words most or least.

List of adjectives used to compare

As long as it makes sense to do so, almost any adjective can be used as a comparative or superlative adjective. Listed below are just a few examples of adjectives that can be used to compare nouns and pronouns:

• cuter
• slower
• more massive
• less complicated
• toughest
• darkest
• most impressive
• least believable

Types of adjectives

Because they can do so much, it doesn’t come as a surprise that there are many different types of adjectives. In fact, we can think of at least 13 different types of adjectives! If you’d like to learn more about each of the different types of adjectives, you can check out our detailed guides on adjectives listed below.

1. Comparative adjectives
2. Superlative adjectives
3. Predicate adjectives
4. Compound adjectives
5. Possessive adjectives
6. Demonstrative adjectives
7. Proper adjectives
8. Participial adjectives
9. Limiting adjectives
10. Descriptive adjectives
11. Interrogative adjectives
12. Attributive adjectives
13. Distributive adjectives

Adjective vs. determiner

Unlike nouns and verbs, the types of adjectives are not as strictly defined. For this reason, style guides and grammar resources may not consider some of the types of adjectives you learn about here to actually be adjectives at all. In particular, some may consider words that act as possessives, demonstratives, interrogatives, and quantifiers as a part of speech known as determiners, which may also include the articles a, an, and the. Because of this, don’t be surprised if you see an adjective described as a determiner depending on the particular style guide that you use.

Adjective vs. adverb: what’s the difference?

Adjectives are used similarly to another part of speech known as adverbs. Both adjectives and adverbs are used as modifiers in sentences: they give more information when used with other words.

The main difference between adjectives and adverbs is what words they modify. As mentioned previously, adjectives modify nouns and pronouns. Adverbs modify, well, pretty much everything else. Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, entire sentences and clauses, and even other adverbs.

The key to determining whether to use an adjective or an adverb as a modifier is to figure out what part of speech is being modified. If you want to modify a noun or a pronoun, you need an adjective. If you want to modify something else, you need an adverb.

For example, take a look at the following sentence:

• I cuddled the cat.

This sentence is fine but a little plain. Suppose you wanted to make this sentence more interesting by describing the cat. Before you do, consider what kind of word cat is. It is a noun. Because it is a noun, you need to use an adjective to modify it as in:

• I cuddled the fluffy cat.

Let’s go back to our original sentence again. This time, we want to give more information about how we treated the cat. So, we want to modify the word cuddled. Before we go grab a modifier, let’s consider what kind of word cuddled is. It is a past tense verb. Because it is not a noun or a pronoun, we will use an adverb to modify it as in:

• I gently cuddled the cat.

By identifying the word you want to modify, you can avoid making a grammatical error and mixing up adjectives and adverbs. Let’s test this out by looking at the following sentence and choosing the correct word:

• My dog smelled (bad/badly) after she rolled around in the stinky garbage.

Before we can choose the right word, we need to consider what we are trying to say. We want to say that the dog had a stinky smell after playing in the trash. So, we know that the word smelled is a linking verb in the sentence and not an action verb: the dog isn’t smelling something. The word that we want to modify, then, is the word dog. We know that the word dog is a noun. Since we are modifying a noun, we would use the adjective bad and not the adverb badly.

All the adjectives, none of the errors

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This lesson helps you understand what premodifiers and postmodifiers are, and how to use them correctly in a sentence.

What is a modifier?

A modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that gives information about something in a sentence. It generally is an adjective or an adverb. An adjective modifies a noun, and an adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.

The word ‘smart’ is working as an adjective here; it is modifying the noun ‘man’.

Jon runs fast.

The word ‘fast’ is working as an adverb here; it is modifying the verb ‘runs’, telling us the manner of the action.

Jon is extremely smart.

The word ‘extremely’ is working as an adverb here, modifying the adjective ‘smart’.

Here, both ‘fast’ and ‘very’ are adverbs. The word ‘fast’ is modifying the verb ‘runs’ and the adverb ‘very’ is modifying the adverb ‘fast’, telling us the intensity of the action.

Modifiers are divided into two categories based on their placements in the sentence:

1. Premodifiers
2. Post modifiers

Premodifiers and postmodifiers are used in noun phrases to modify the head (noun) of the noun phrase. A noun phrase is comprised of a noun and pre and post-modifiers.

Premodifiers are words that come before a noun and give information about it. We have three things in pre-modifiers:

1. Determiners
2. Numbers
3. Adjectives

A) Determiners

Determiners are words that determine the quantity of a noun or indicate which noun the speaker is referring to. Determiners include the following: 

• Articles = a, an, the
• Possessive adjectives = my your, his, her, their, our, its
• Demonstrative adjectives = this, that, these, those
• Distributive adjectives = each, Every, either, neither, any, both, etc
• Quantifiers = Some, many, a few, the few, a lot of, several, etc

Premodifiers	Meaning	Examples
Articles	a, an = refers to an unspecified singular countable noun the = refers to a specified singular countable noun	This is a book. I don’t have an apple. The movie was great.
Possessive adjectives	refers to the possession of a noun	My house is not as big as yours. I love your dog. You can’t question his loyalty.
Demonstrative adjectives	refers to a noun that is close or far away from the speaker	Don’t touch this box. They are planning to cut that tree. These candies are delicious. Do you know those people?
Distributive adjectives	refers to members of a group separately	You can take either box. Neither team deserved to win the match. Every team played well.
Quantifiers	to talk about the number of the noun	Bring some books to read. I have a few friends to meet. Many people are waiting to see me fall. There is a lot of money in this.

Note: the texts in red are noun phrases. It has a noun and a determiner.

B) Numbers

Numbers include both cardinal and ordinal numbers. They also give information about a noun; they talk about the exact quantity (number) of the noun they modify.

one, two, three first, second, third…

Examples:

• Simra has two cars.
• I bought 5 laptops last month.
• This is my first trip to Auli.
• She was his second wife.

Note: Numbers are considered a part of quantifiers only. But we keep them separate as they refer to specific quantifies.

C) Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe a noun. Here are some common adjectives in English: good, bad, smart, beautiful, foolish, rich, poor, intelligent, dumb, wise, ugly, tall, huge, talented, kind, cruel, short, fat, slim, etc.

Examples:

• It is a big hotel. We all can stay here.
• He is a tall man.
• We need some talented people to run our business.
• You are an old fighter.

Other types of adjectives

1. Present participle adjective
2. Past participle adjective
3. Noun adjective

Examples:

• It is an exciting movie to watch. (present participle = exciting)
• This is a motivating story. (present participle = motivating)
• A motivated man can do anything. (past participle = motivated)
• They need a wriiten apology. (past participle = written)
• Neha got me a leather bag. (noun that’s working as an adjective)
• It is an action movie. (noun that’s working as an adjective)

Position of premodifiers

Use two or more pre-modifiers in the following structure: Determiners + Numbers + Adjectives + Noun

Examples:

• Look at those three huge trees in his backyard.
• We can’t eat these many dark chocolates.

NOTE: We can’t use two or more types of determiners in a noun phrase.

• A this man
• My this car

But we do use the following structure: quantifiers + OF + possessive adjective + noun

• Some of my friends
• None of your projects
• One of his students

Examples:

• Some of my friends will stay here.
• They didn’t like none of your proects.
• We are talking about one of his students.

NOTE: the combination of a premodifier/s and the noun it modifies is called a noun phrase. A noun phrase can be formed in three different ways:

• Premodifier/s + noun
• Noun + postmodifier/s
• Premodifier/s + noun + postmodifier/s

Postmodifiers

Postmodifiers are words that come after a noun and give information about it. There are 6 things that come in post-modifiers:

1. Prepositional phrases
2. Present participle phrases
3. Past participle phrases
4. Infinitive phrases
5. Relative/Adjective clauses
6. Appositives

They all are called postmodifiers as they come right after the noun they modify.

Prepositional phrase

A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and is followed by the object of the preposition. When a preposition phrase comes right after a noun and modifies it, we call it a postmodifier.

Examples:

• The house across the street is believed to be haunted.

Noun phrase = the house across the street
Premodifiers = the
Noun = house
Postmodifier = across the street (prepositional phrase)

Here, the prepositional phrase ‘across the street’ modifies the noun ‘house‘ and tells us which house we are referring to in the sentence.

• The guy in the blue shirt is my neighbor.

Noun phrase = the guy in the blue shirt
Premodifiers = the
Noun = guy
Postmodifier = in the blue shirt (prepositional phrase)

Which guy is my neighbor? The prepositional phrase ‘in the blue shirt’ identifies the noun guy. Not any guy present there is my neighbor; the guy in the blue shirt is my neighbor.

•  They are writing a movie about his life.

Noun phrase = a movie about his life
Premodifiers = the
Noun = man
Postmodifier = about his life (prepositional phrase)

The prepositional phrase ‘about his life‘ modifies the noun ‘movie’ and helps us to understand which movie the speaker is talking about writing. It is starting with the preposition ‘about’ and is followed by the object of the preposition his life.

Present participle phrase

A present participle phrase starts with a present participle (a verb ending with ‘ING’), sits next to a noun, and modifies it.

I was talking about the man sitting next to your sister.

Noun phrase = the man sitting next to your sister
Premodifiers = the
Noun = man
Postmodifier = sitting next to your sister (present participle phrase)

The present participle phrase (in red) is coming next to and modifying the noun ‘man’. It is working as an adjective.

Note that a present participle phrase is a reduced adjective phrase.

• I was talking about the man sitting next to your sister. (present participle phrase)
• I was talking about the man who is sitting next to your sister. (adjective clause)

More examples:

• The man talking to Amy is a professional singer.
• I will talk to the students protesting outside the college.
• Nobody likes to talk with the man sitting on the rock alone.

Past participle phrase

A past participle phrase starts with a past participle (V3), sits next to a noun, and modifies it.

We have come here to see the boy injured in the attack.

Noun phrase = the boy injured in the attack
Premodifier = the (article)
Noun = boy
Postmodifier = injured in the attack (past participle phrase)

Here, the past participle phrase is identifying the noun ‘boy’ and giving essential information for us to identify him.

Note that a past participle phrase is a reduced adjective phrase.

• We have come here to see the boy injured in the attack. (past participle phrase)
• We have come here to see the boy who was injured in the attack. (adjective clause)

Examples:

• The man taken to the police station is a terrorist.
• The actor approached for this role is busy with his own project right now.
• They are still searching for the bike stolen from this park last month.

Infinitive phrases

A group of words that starts with an infinitive and works as a noun, adjective, or adverb is called an infinitive phrase. As a post modifier, it functions as an adjective; it comes right after a noun and modifies it.

The guy to learn SEO from is Mangesh Kumar Bhardwaj.

Noun phrase = the guy to learn SEO from
Premodifier = the
Noun = guy
Postmodifier = to learn SEO from (infinitive phrase)

‘To learn SEO from’ is an infinitive phrase that’s modifying the noun ‘guy’.

We are looking for a house to buy.

Noun phrase = a house to buy
Premodifier = a
Noun = house
Postmodifier = to buy (infinitive)

‘To buy’ is an infinitive that’s working as a postmodifier in the noun phrase. It is giving information about the noun ‘house’.

Examples:

• I wish I had someone to stand by me.
• This is the best way to learn English.
• I need a book to read in my free time.

Adjective clauses

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that sits next to a noun/pronoun and gives information about it.

I love the book that my father gifted me on my last birthday.

Noun phrase = the book that my father gifted me on my last birthday
Noun = book
Premodifier = the
Postmodifier = that my father gifted me on my last birthday (adjective clause)

‘That my father gifted me on my last birthday‘ is the adjective clause that’s sitting next to the noun book and modifying it. An adjective clause is also called a relative clause as it starts with a relative pronoun.

Examples:

• I don’t know anyone who can teach you boxing.
• People who can control their minds live a highly successful life.
• We are looking for a place where we party peacefully.

Appositives

An appositive is a noun or a noun phrase that comes after a noun and renames it.

Noun phrase = her roommate Sofia Charles
Noun = roommate
Postmodifier = Sofia Charles

‘Sofia Charles’ is the postmodifier (a noun) that’s coming next to the noun ‘roommate’ and renaming it.

Examples:

• My friends Mangesh and Archit help me with everything I do.
• My history teacher Jon Morley is getting married next week.

There are two types of appositives in English:

1. Essential Appositives
2. Nonessential Appositives

Note that only essential appositives function as postmodifiers; nonessential appositives are offset using commas as they give extra information about the noun they come after.

Essential appositive: My history teacher Jon Morley is getting married next week.
Nonessential appositive: Jon Morley, my history teacher, is getting married next week.

Noun phrases using Premodifiers and Postmodifiers

Premodifiers and postmodifies are a part of a noun phrase; a noun phrase is formed using them.

1. Noun phrases using premodifiers

• Give me some fresh mangoes

Noun phrase = some fresh mangoes
Premodifiers = some, fresh

• Go and bring those five muscular boys.

Noun phrase = those five muscular boys
Premodifiers = those, five, muscular

2. Noun phrases using postmodifiers

• People protesting outside the house are not from this area.

Noun phrase = people protesting outside the house
Postmodifier = protesting outside the house (present participle phrase)

• I love men in uniform.

Noun phase = men in uniform
Postmodifier = in uniform (prepositional phrase)

3. Noun phrases using both premodifiers and postmodifiers

• The Chinese cupset that you gifted me last week has been broken.

Noun phrase = the Chinese cupset that you gifted me last week
Premodifier = the, Chinese
Postmodifier = that you gifted me last week

• Look at those black dogs across the bridge.

Noun phrase = those black dogs across the bridge
Premodifier = those, black
Postmodifier = across the bridge

adjective

What is a post modifier in grammar?

Post-modifiers are the modifiers which come after the words they modify. Customarily, the adverbs come after the verbs and modify them. Appositives, prepositional phrases (adjectives/adverbs), infinitives (adverbs/adjectives), dependent clause, etc. usually come after the nouns they modify.

What is a nominal modifier?

The initial consonant on the adjective, then, is first conditioned by the noun class of the noun it modifies, determining its singula form, and then undergoes an additional mutation from singular to plural forms. …

What is a verbal phrase modifier?

Verb phrase modifiers are defined as words, phrases, and clauses that describe a verb phrase. The two grammatical forms that can function as verb phrase modifiers are: Adverb phrase. Adjective clause.

What is a Resumptive modifier?

In English grammar, a resumptive modifier is a modifier that repeats a key word (usually at or near the end of a main clause) and then adds informative or descriptive details related to that word.

What is a free modifier?

Free modifiers are words and phrases the author tacks on to a sentence to make the sentence better. Okay. Free means you can tack on the modifier wherever you want to – at the beginning and end of a sentence are common. You can even push apart a sentence and stick in the modifier within the sentence itself.

What is introductory phrase?

What Is an Introductory Phrase? An introductory phrase is like a clause, but it doesn’t have its own subject and verb; it relies on the subject and verb in the main clause. It sets the stage for the main part of the sentence. Sometimes a comma is necessary after an introductory phrase.

What are introductory phrases examples?

Phrases are commonly used as introductions to a sentence. Words like ‘however,’ ‘indeed,’ ‘therefore;’ phrases like ‘on the one hand,’ ‘in particular,’ ‘for example,’ and ‘in the meantime’ are examples of introductory language that ought to be concluded with a comma when they begin a sentence.

What are some good introductory words?

Example: Using Transition Words to Indicate Sequence/Order of Events

generally… furthermore… finally	during	later on
first… just in the same way… finally	finally	then
basically… similarly… as well as	first of all	simultaneously
afterward	to begin with	soon
at first	in the first place	while

How do you introduce a unique way?

20 Creative Ways to Introduce Yourself

1. “I’m shy, please come say hi.”
2. A name is worth a thousand conversations.
3. Highlight something that makes you unique.
4. Start with a pop culture reference.
5. Confess your nickname.
6. Let the way you dress reflect who you are.
7. Make a T-shirt.
8. Make a “business” card.

What is a creative way to introduce a friend?

If you’re wondering how you could easily introduce your friends to each other, here are some tips that might help you do so.

1. INTRODUCE YOUR FRIENDS RIGHT AFTER SAYING HI.
2. INTRODUCE THEM BY THEIR NAMES.
3. DESCRIBE YOUR FRIENDS BRIEFLY AND HIGHLIGHT THEIR STRENGTHS/BEST QUALITIES.

How do you introduce someone?

Here are four steps:

1. First, state the name of the person being introduced to. This is the ‘higher-ranking’ person.
2. Second, say “I would like to introduce” or, “please meet” or, “this is,” etc.
3. Third, state the name of the person being introduced.
4. Finally, offer some details about each, as appropriate.

How do you introduce someone to an audience?

Tips for Introducing a Guest Speaker

1. Remind the audience why the topic is important to them.
2. Establish the speaker’s qualifications to speak on the topic.
3. Get the presentation off on a high note by establishing an up-beat tone.
4. Make the speaker feel especially welcome.

How do you welcome a guest in a speech?

“Here’s a hearty welcome, big and warm enough to encompass you all! To say we are thrilled to see you is an understatement.” “It’s my pleasure to extend a cheerful welcome to you all! Your presence makes us very happy.”

1. Quantity (‘three bottles of rum’)

2. Opinion or Observation (‘It’s a lovely shirt’ / ‘It’s a ripped shirt’)

3. Size (‘It’s a tiny shirt’)

4. Shape (‘It’s a square shirt’)

5. Age (‘It’s a new shirt’)

6. Color (‘It’s a pink shirt’)

7. Origin (‘It’s an American shirt’)

8. Material (‘It’s a cotton shirt’)

9. Purpose (‘It’s a business shirt’)

If we used all of these adjectives in the correct order to describe the shirt, the sentence would look like this, ‘Three, lovely, tiny, square, new, pink, American, cotton business shirts.’

Pre-modification is when an adjective is placed before a noun to add information. For example:

These are traditionally called predicative adjectives. The adjective is not used immediately after the noun, instead, it follows an auxiliary verb that links the sentence such as ‘is’, ‘was’, or ‘seems’.

There are some adjectives that, when made into comparative or superlative forms, become irregular. A good example of this is the adjective good. When changed into a comparative adjective good becomes better. When changed into a superlative adjective it becomes best.

Adjective phrases