Word study it is very

It’s – There is

Конструкции
It’sиThere isимеют существенное различие:

It’sупотребляется при выражении времени,
расстояния, погоды и т.п.:

It’s
10 o’clock.

It’s
very far from here.

It is very cold today.

There
is/there
areупотребляется,
когда нужно указать на наличие или
отсутствие какого-либо предмета
(каких-либо предметов) или лица (лиц) в
определённом месте:

There
is a document on the table.

There
is nobody in the hall.

1. Заполните
   пропуски, употребив “it’s”
   или “there
   is/there
   are”.

1. What’s the
   time? ____ 4.30.

2. -It’s cold
   and stormy today.

-Yes,
____ storms all over the country.

1. It is so
   difficult to find your way in this town. ____ so many streets here
   that look very similar.

2. ____ lunch
   time.

3. ____ some
   people in the room, but ____ very dark here and ____ difficult to
   see them clearly.

4. We’ve done
   all we can. ____ nothing we could do now.

5. ____ three
   lines on the page of a general journal.

6. Many businesses
   receive and pay cash in their transactions and ____ common to have a
   cash receipts and a cash payments journals.

7. ____ necessary
   to make adjustments in the figures of the trial balance.

a number of – the number of

Существительное
numberменяет значение
при употреблении с неопределённым или
определённым артиклем:

anumberofdocuments=
ряд (несколько) документов

the number of
documents = количество документов

1. Переведите на
   русский язык.

1. Money
   may take a number of forms.

2. The number of
   days within which payment is to be made is stipulated in the
   contract.

3. A
   number of assets may be given by someone other than (помимо)
   the owner, and they will be recorded as liabilities.

4. The number of
   errors found in the entries was great and all of them had to be
   corrected before posting the entries to the ledger accounts.

5. A number of
   adjustments must be made in the figures of the trial balance before
   the data can be used in financial statements.

6. Accounting
   information is used not only by the managers of all business
   organizations, but also in a number of cases by others who have
   financial interest in the business.

1. Переведите
   на английский язык, используя “number”.

1. Я
   могу предложить вам ряд книг, в которых
   вы найдёте интересную информацию.

2. В
   холе несколько человек ждут менеджера.

3. Я
   положил на стол ряд важных документов,
   а сейчас не вижу их.

4. Количество
   новых домов, построенных в нашем городе
   в этом году, больше, чем в прошлом году.

5. Он
   дал нам ряд примеров в качестве пояснения
   к своему предложению.

6. Количество
   предложений ограничено.

7. Количество
   предприятий, которые поставляют нам
   свои товары, значительно выросло. (to
   increase)

8. В
   ряде случаев ошибки в проверочном
   балансе трудно найти.

9. Количество
   ошибок, которые были найдены в отчёте,
   было очень большим.

1. Подберите
   русские эквиваленты к следующим словам:

general, line, type,
to group, condensed, version, single, special, to reserve, situation,
to show, to ignore, firm, process, to collect, figure, to reflect,
commission, final, personal, capital

1. Подберите
   английские эквиваленты к следующим
   словам и словосочетаниям:

1) требовать 2) пропускать, не включать 3) поддерживать 4) вести журнал 5) продавать в кредит 6) существовать 7) иметь дело с чем-л. не обращать внимания 9) обусловливать 10) предлагать 11) корректировать 12) отражать 13) снимать деньги со счёта 14)относить на счёт

a) to withdraw money b) to reflect c) to offer d) to ignore e) to exist f) to maintain a journal g) to omit h) to require i) to maintain j) to make a sale on account k) to deal with l) to stipulate m) to adjust n) to charge against

1. Соотнесите
   слова (А) и их дефиниции (В).

A

B

1) frequent 2) receipt 3) purchases journal 4) cash payments journal 5) cash receipts journal 6) list price 7) capital account prompt payment 9) sales journal 10) to stipulate 11) discount

a) a specialized accounting journal used in an accounting system to keep track of the sales of items that customers have purchased b) a journal used to record all cash payments made by a company c) an offer from the supplier to the purchaser, to reduce the selling price if the payment is made within a certain period of time d) to put forward, as a necessary condition e) payment on time f) a journal used for recording credit purchases such as business supplies, equipment, and others g) often happening h) an account in which a firm records expenditure on capital items i) the selling price of something as stated in a catalogue or price list; often subject to discounts j) a journal used to record sales of merchandise for cash k) money received

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]

• #
• #

  21.05.20151.82 Mб131Методичка стройфак-готовая.pdf

• #
• #
• #
• #
• #
• #
• #
• #
• #

Как же все не любят грамматику

Like vs as

Like = ‘similar to’, ‘the same as’ (подобно, похоже, как, как будто, также как)

Note that you cannot use as in this way:
Обратите внимание, что предлог as не может употребляться в следующих случаях:

• What a beautiful house! It’s like a palace, (not ‘as a palace’)
• ‘What does Sandra do?’ ‘She’s a teacher, like me.’ (not ‘as me’)
• Be careful! The floor has been polished. It’s like walking on ice. (not ‘as walking’)
• It’s raining again. I hate weather like this, (not ‘as this’)

In these sentences like is a preposition. So it is followed by a noun (like a palace), a pronoun (like me / like this) or -ing (like walking).
В этих предложениях like используется в качестве предлога. Поэтому за ним следуют существительное, местоимение или герундий.

You can also say ‘like [somebody/something] doing [something]’:
• ‘What’s that noise?’ ‘It sounds like a baby crying.’

Sometimes like = ‘for example’:
Иногда like означает «например»
• Some sports, like motor racing, can be dangerous.
Некоторые виды спорта, например автомобильные гонки, могут быть опасными.
You can also use such as (= for example):
В этих случаях также можно употребить such as
• Some sports, such as motor racing, can be dangerous.

As (in preposition) = ‘in the position of, ‘in the form of’ (в качестве кого-л., чего-л.)
Значения as в роли предлога

• A few years ago I worked as a bus driver, (not ‘like a bus driver’)
• We’ve got a garage but we haven’t got a car, so we use the garage as a workshop.
• Many English words (for example, ‘work’ and ‘rain’) can be used as verbs or nouns.
• London is all right as a place to visit, but I wouldn’t like to live there.
• The news of her death came as a great shock.

Compare meanings of as and like:
Сравните значения as и like:

• Brenda Casey is the manager of a company. As the manager, she has to make many important decisions. (‘As the manager’ = in her position as the manager)
Brenda Casey менеждер компании. Как менеджер, она должна принимать много важных решений.
• Mary Stone is the assistant manager (assistant of Brenda Casey). Like the manager she also has to make important decisions. (‘Like the manager’ = similar to the manager)
Mary Stone ассистент менеджера. Также, как и менеджер, она должна принимать важные решения.

• During the war this hotel was used as a hospital. (So it really was a hospital)
Во время войны этот отель использовался в качестве больницы. (Он действительно являлся больницей)
• Everyone is ill at home. Our house is like a hospital. (It isn’t really a hospital)
Дома все болеют. Наш дом похож на больницу. (Но он не является ею на самом деле)

Also we use as before a subject + verb:
Также as используется перед конструкцией подлежащее + сказуемое
• I didn’t move anything. I left everything as I found it.
• They did as they promised. (= They did what they promised.)

Compare like and as in these sentences:
Сравните like and as в этих предложениях.

• You should have done it like this. (like + pronoun)
• You should have done it as I showed you. (as + subject + verb)

We also say as you know / as I said / as she expected / as I thought etc.:
• As you know, it’s Tom’s birthday next week. (= you know this already)
Как ты знаешь, на следующей неделе у Тома день рождения. (= ты уже это знаешь)
• Jane failed her driving test, as she expected. (= she expected this before)
Джейн провалила свой экзамен по вождению, как она и ожидала. (= она ожидала это прежде)

Note that we say as usual / as always (как обычно / как всегда)
• You’re late as usual.
Ты как всегда опоздал.

We say regard…as (расценивать, рассматривать в качестве; считать)
• I regard her as my best friend.
Я ее считаю моей лучшей подругой.

Practice

1. Put in like or as.

1. It’s raining again. I hate weather like this.
2. Jane failed her driving test as she expected.
3. Do you think Carol looks … her mother?
4. He really gets on my nerves. I can’t stand people … him.
5. Why didn’t you do it … I told you to do it?
6. ‘What does Bill do?’ ‘He’s a student, … most of his friends.’
7. Why do you never listen? Talking to you is … talking to the wall.
8. … I said yesterday, I’m thinking of changing my job.
9. Tom’s idea seemed a good one, so we did … he suggested.
10. It’s a difficult problem. I never know what to do in situations … this.
11. I’ll phone you tomorrow … usual, OK?
12. This tea is awful. It tastes … water.
13. Suddenly there was a terrible noise. It was … a bomb exploding.
14. She’s a very good swimmer. She swims … a fish.
15. I’m afraid I can’t meet you on Sunday … we arranged.
16. We met Keith last night. He was very cheerful … always.

2. Complete the sentences using like or as + one of the following:

a beginner
blocks of ice
a palace
a birthday present
a problem
a child
a church
winter
a tourist guide

1. This house is beautiful. It’s like a palace.
2. Margaret once had a part-time job … .
3. My feet are really cold. They’re … .
4. I’ve been learning Spanish for a few years but I still speak … .
5. I wonder what that building with the tower is. It looks … .
6. My brother gave me this watch … a long time ago.
7. It’s true that we disagree about some things but I don’t regard this … .
8. It’s very cold for the middle of summer. It’s … .
9. He’s 22 years old but he sometimes behaves … .

3. Put in like or as.

1. Your English is very fluent. I wish I could speak … you.
2. Don’t take my advice if you don’t want to. You can do … you like.
3. You waste too much time doing things … sitting in cafes all day.
4. I wish I had a car … yours.
5. There’s no need to change your clothes. You can go out, … you are.
6. My neighbour’s house is full of interesting things. It’s … a museum.
7. I think I preferred this room … was, before we decorated it.
8. When we asked Sue to help us, she agreed immediately, … I knew she would.
9. Sharon has been working … a waitress for the last two months.
10. While we were on holiday, we spent most of our time doing energetic things … sailing, water skiing and swimming.
11. You’re different from the other people I know. I don’t know anyone … you.
12. We don’t need all the bedrooms in the house, so we use one of them … a study.
13. … her father, Catherine has a very good voice.
14. The news that Sue and Jim were getting married came … a complete surprise to me.
15. At the moment I’ve got a temporary job in a bookshop. It’s OK … a temporary job, but I wouldn’t like to do it permanently.