Word roots from latin - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

The English language uses many Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes. These roots are listed alphabetically on three pages:

Greek and Latin roots from A to G
Greek and Latin roots from H to O
Greek and Latin roots from P to Z.

Some of those used in medicine and medical technology are listed in the List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes.

External linksEdit

List of Latin Derivatives
Index of Latin and Greek Roots from the University of Alberta

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In English grammar, a root is a word or portion of a word from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. By learning root words, you can decipher unfamiliar words, expand your vocabulary, and become a better English speaker.

The Roots of Words

Most words in the English language are based on words from ancient Greek and Latin. The root of the word «vocabulary,» for example, is voc, a Latin root meaning «word» or «name.» This root also appears in such words as «advocacy,» «convocation,» «evocative,» «vocal,» and «vowel.» By dissecting words such as these, etymologists can study how a word has evolved over time and tell us about the cultures they came from.

In some cases, root words might be slightly transformed en route to becoming part of words that we’re familiar with. In the above example, «vowel» is a word that’s clearly related to the voc root and its family of derivative words, and yet the «c» in «voc» is not present. There are several reasons for this sort of pattern, and the changes often depend on what language each individual word comes from, but it serves as a reminder that not every word with the same root will look exactly the same.

Root words are also useful for creating new words, especially in technology and medicine, where new innovations occur frequently. Think of the Greek root word tele, which means «far,» and inventions that traverse long distances, such as the telegraph, telephone, and television. The word «technology» itself is a combination of two other Greek root words, techne, meaning «skill» or «art,» and logos, or «study.»

Because several modern languages share some of the same ancestor languages, it’s not entirely uncommon for several related languages to share root words. For instance, the Latin root voc, described above, is shared by several Romance languages. Connections between languages can be found in the shared roots between them, although one always has to be wary of false cognates — that is, words that sound like they have the same roots (and thus related meanings) but actually don’t.

Greek Root Words

The table below defines and illustrates 25 of the most common Greek roots.

Root	Meaning	Examples
anti	against	antibacterial, antidote, antithesis
ast(er)	star	asteroid, astronomy, astronaut
auto	self	automatic, automate, autobiograph
biblio	book	bibliography, bibliophile
bio	life	biography, biology, biodegradable
chrome	color	monochromatic, phytochrome
chrono	time	chronic, synchronize, chronicle
dyna	power	dynasty, dynamic, dynamite
geo	earth	geography, geology, geometry
gno	to know	agnostic, acknowledge
graph	write	autograph, graphic, demographic
hydr	water	dehydrate, hydrant, hydropower
kinesis	movement	kinetic, photokinesis
log	thought	logic, apologize, analogy
logos	word, study	astrology, biology, theologian
narc	sleep	narcotic, narcolepsy
path	feel	empathy, pathetic, apathy
phil	love	philosophy, bibliophile, philanthropy
phon	sound	microphone, phonograph, telephone
photo	light	photograph, photocopy, photon
schem	plan	scheme, schematic
syn	together, with	synthetic, photosynthesis
tele	far	telescope, telepathy, television
tropos	turning	heliotrope, tropical

Latin Root Words

The table below defines and illustrates 25 of the most common Latin roots.

Root	Meaning	Examples
ab	to move away	abstract, abstain, aversion
acer, acri	bitter	acrid, acrimony, exacerbate
aqu	water	aquarium, aquatic, aqualung
audi	hear	audible, audience, auditorium
bene	good	benefit, benign, benefactor
brev	short	abbreviate, brief
circ	round	circus, circulate
dict	say	dictate, edict, dictionary
doc	teach	document, docile, doctrinal
duc	lead, make	deduce, produce, educate
fund	bottom	founder, foundation, funding
gen	to birth	gene, generate, generous
hab	to have	ability, exhibit, inhabit
jur	law	jury, justice, justify
lev	to lift	levitate, elevate, leverage
luc, lum	light	lucid, illuminate, translucent
manu	hand	manual, manicure, manipulate
mis, mit	send	missile, transmit, permit
omni	all	omnivorous, omnipotent, omniscent
pac	peace	pacify, pacific, pacifist
port	carry	export, import, important
quit	silent, restive	tranquil, requiem, acquit
scrib, script	to write	script, proscribe, describe
sens	to feel	sensitive, sentient, resent
terr	earth	terrain, territory, extraterrestrial
tim	to fear	timid, timorous
vac	empty	vacuum, vacate, evacuate
vid, vis	to see	video, vivid, invisible

Understanding the meanings of the common word roots can help us deduce the meanings of new words that we encounter. But be careful: root words can have more than one meaning as well as various shades of meaning. In addition, words that look similar may derive from different roots.

In addition, a handful of root words can stand on their own as whole words in and of themselves. This list includes words such as photo, kinesis, chrome, port, and script. Words like this tend to have related meanings on their own, then can also act as roots for longer, more complex words.

Sources

Bryant, Alice, and Robbins, Jill. «Grow Your Vocabulary by Learning Root Words.» VOANews.com, 28 November 2017.
Grammarly staff. «Why You Should Learn Roots.» Grammarly.com, 6 February 2016.
McCammon, Ellen. «50 GRE Words You Should Know.» PrepScholar.com, 8 February 2017.

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The English language contains over one million words, most of which the average speaker will never even know. Stacker identified the 50 most important Latin roots to help English speakers better comprehend the extensive English lexicon.

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Anyone who has ever studied a stack of GRE vocabulary words or invested in a word-a-day calendar to try to expand their lexicon can attest to the fact that the English language is incredibly expansive. Data has shown that the average adult knows somewhere around 40,000 words in total, and that includes active (i.e., regularly used) and passive (i.e., familiar, but not utilized) vocabulary. Put that number up against the more than one million total words in the English language, and it becomes clear that the percentage of terms in English speakers’ everyday rotation is only a small fraction of the English language as a whole.

Looking at the sheer volume of the English vocabulary, one thing that helps make sense of the words is the notable patterns that emerge in light of its etymological roots; particularly, its Latin roots. Though Latin itself has often been referred to as a dead language, it is very much alive in the 80% of English terms that are borrowed directly from the ancient language and the over 60% of English words that have roots in Latin and Greek. In the same way that a new reader may try to sound out a word phonetically, looking at English through the lens of Latin etymology allows us to obtain a new grasp on the language, such that we can more actively deduce the meanings of unfamiliar words. This is the secret behind amazing spellers at the Bee!

To identify key linguistic elements from Latin that appear throughout the English language today, Stacker sorted through educational resources and online databases and compiled a list of 50 important Latin roots that shape the English language as we know it. Read on to get a better understanding of how some of the words you use regularly—and a few perhaps you’ve never seen before—all share a common foundation in Latin.

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Ann

– Meaning in English: Yearly

The Latin root “ann”—which means “yearly”—can be found in countless words that reference events and occurrences that happen on a yearly basis. For example, an anniversary celebration marks the passing of another year of a relationship, a business, or a birthday. Then there are yearly events that are characterized as annual, such as award ceremonies (e.g., the Academy Awards), sporting events (e.g., Super Bowl), and holidays (e.g., Halloween).

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Aqu

– Meaning in English: Water, sea

Whether it’s being used in reference to a color such as aqua, a blueish-green hue, or to describe sea life, i.e., aquatic, the Latin root “aqu” is familiar in its relationship to water and large bodies of water. The mainstream familiarity of the Latin root was on full display in the 2006 coming-of-age film “Aquamarine,” where the titular character is a mermaid washed ashore.

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Audi

– Meaning in English: Hearing, listening, sound

Those who prefer the convenience of listening to their books rather than reading them may recognize this Latin root from the name of Audible, Amazon’s audiobook and entertainment platform. The root also makes an appearance in the English terms audience, as in a group of people gathered together to listen to or receive a performance, and auditorium, the room in which said audience sits to listen.

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Bene

– Meaning in English: Good

Derived from a Latin term meaning “well,” bene is most commonly used as a prefix in the English language. The word benign means harmless or favorable, and in pathology is used to describe a condition that is not life-threatening. A benefit is something that is considered favorable or advantageous, and the term can also be used to describe a charitable event. A benefactor gives help to a person or a cause. Perhaps the most famous example of a benefactor is Miss Havisham from “Great Expectations” by Charles Dickens.

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Bi

– Meaning in English: Two

The Latin prefix “bi” means two, as does the closely related, Greek-derived prefix “di.” A bifurcation describes the act of something splitting off into two distinct branches. In anatomy, the bicep is a muscle of the arm that runs between the shoulder and the elbow, so-named because it splits off into two branches where the muscle connects at the scapula. The word bicep translates to “two-headed muscle of the arm.”

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Bibl

– Meaning in English: Book

The Latin root “bibl” may sooner remind college students of having to create bibliographies—detailed lists of the books and sources referenced in academic work—than anything else. However, the root’s connection to the English language has a far deeper history: “bibl” is also the root for the name of the Bible, the collection of Judeo-Christian texts and scripture.

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Cent

– Meaning in English: Hundred

The term “cent” likely conjures up thoughts of money—i.e., dollars and cents—before anything else, but that ties back perfectly to the Latin root from which the term comes. One cent is 1/100th of a dollar. Pennies aside, the Latin root also makes an appearance in terms like “century” and “centennial,” which pertain to 100-year timespans and a hundredth anniversary, respectively.

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Circum

– Meaning in English: Around

The Latin root “circum”—meaning “around”—appears in terms like “circumnavigate,” which is the act of traveling all the way around something. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan is remembered for successfully circumnavigating the globe in the early 16th century. This root also appears in terms like “circumvent,” which describes the act of getting around a problem, and “circumstance,” which pairs this root with another Latin root—“stance,” meaning “stand”—to reference a situation that focuses on a core cause.

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Civ

– Meaning in English: Citizen

“Civility” is characterized by respect towards others, and “civics,” which refers to the infrastructure in place that is intended to facilitate civility, are both rooted in the Latin “civ,” meaning “citizen.” The root also makes an appearance in the name of the Honda Civic, a car that––as the brand puts it––is meant to improve the lives of citizens.

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Clar

– Meaning in English: Clear

The term “clarity”—which comes from the Latin root “clar,” meaning “clear”—is the property of being both pure and clean, as well as being lucid and coherent. The root has seen a variety of modern uses alluding to its Latin translation, including the brand Clarisonic, a beauty company that develops products meant to provide clearer-looking skin, and Claritin, an allergy medication that promises clarity and relief from chronic allergies.

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Cred

– Meaning in English: Believe

Credibility is the characteristic of being believable, and it’s a term that comes from the Latin root “cred,” meaning “believe.” While the term may appear in the case of legal proceedings—e.g., a court case requires credible witnesses—it also ties into the idea of credit and credit cards. Since credit cards work by allowing users to acquire items before paying for them in full, they operate on a system of trust and good faith—belief, essentially—that payments will be made in full at a later time.

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Dict

– Meaning in English: Say/speak

The Latin root “dict” appears in words like dictate, meaning to read something aloud; dictation, the act of speaking aloud with the intention of having your words recorded or transcribed; and predict, the act of stating something that will happen before it actually happens. Of all the instances in which “dict” appears in the English language, though, one of the most important may be the dictionary, which offers a comprehensive guide to all of the officially-recognized words in the English language. Some of the most respected and trusted dictionaries in the U.S. include the Oxford English Dictionary, Collins English Dictionary, and Merriam-Webster.

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Ex

– Meaning in English: Out

The Latin root “ex” means “out,” while related roots, including “exter” and “extrem,” offer additional variations of the same translation. The word extreme, for example, may refer to something that falls out of a normal expected range, as was the case with weather extremities, including record rainfall and high/low daily temperatures across the U.S. in 2019, which broke more than 120,000 records across the country. Fract

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Fract

– Meaning in English: Break

The Latin “fract” is closely related to fellow Latin roots “frang,” “fring,” and “frag,” all of which mean “break.” A few of its familiar appearances may include infringe, as in the breaking of a legal agreement or violation of copyright, and fragment, a small piece of an item that has been broken. The root also appears in the word fragile, which can be used to describe items that are easily breakable.

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Inter

– Meaning in English: Between

The premise of the film “Interstellar” starring Matthew McConaughey is that a NASA physicist travels the universe via a wormhole in a quest to find a new home for mankind. The plot––and the flick’s title––reference the Latin root “inter,” meaning “between,” as McConaughey’s character essentially travels between cosmic stars. This root also appears in terms like international, which may refer to travel or political relations between nations, and interpersonal, which may refer to communication happening between different people (as opposed to intrapersonal, which uses the Latin root meaning “within”).

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Jur

– Meaning in English: Law

Legal systems are intended to act as a source of order and justice in society, and it turns out that a lot of the legal terminology that we’re familiar with today stems from the Latin “jur”—as well as the related roots “jus” and “judic”—meaning “law.” This includes the word jury, as in the body of citizens meant to come to a verdict in legal cases; judicial, as in something pertaining to the court or judge; and justice, as in fairness.

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Lax

– Meaning in English: Not tense

There are a number of ways that someone may choose to relax—yoga, unwinding with a good book, taking a bath, etc. Regardless of the method, the practice of relaxation just comes down to letting go of stress and releasing tension. The root origin of the term—the Latin “lax,” meaning “not tense”—is echoed in this way. The root also appears in the word laxative, which describes an agent used to relieve constipation by reducing tension in the bowels.

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Liber

– Meaning in English: Free

Liberty—which is defined as freedom from oppression in regards to one’s belief systems and way of life—is a fundamental tenet on which democracy is built. As for the Latin word “liber,” this is a fundamental root from which the term “liberty” stems. Further examples of “liber” in mainstream English language include the words liberate and liberation.

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Lumin

– Meaning in English: Light

This Latin root meaning “light” appears in a number of common English words including luminous, which means that something is bright and shining. However, the Latin root has seen several linguistic iterations that go beyond these everyday terms as well, including brand names such as Luminary, a podcast streaming platform that may be considered to be bringing new and creative ideas “to light,” and fictional terms such as “lumos maxima,” the incantation used in the “Harry Potter” universe to generate a bright flash of light.

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Magn

– Meaning in English: Big, great

The Latin root “magn,” meaning “big” or “great,” can be used either in reference to something physically large in size or something that big in its presence, such that it’s striking. In regular use today, the root appears in words like magnificent, which simply refers to something that’s amazing or awe-inspiring, and magnitude, which is used to characterize the large size or impact of something (e.g., a 3.2 magnitude earthquake).

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Mal

– Meaning in English: Bad

“Mal” is a Latin root meaning “bad,” and appears in such English terms as malicious, which is defined as having the intention to cause harm, as well as malevolent, which combines this root with another Latin root “volent,” which means “wishing.” Mal is defined as wishing evil or ill will upon another. Perhaps one of the most common pop culture affiliations with the root is “Maleficent,” the Disney film starring Angelina Jolie as the villainous fairy known for cursing Sleeping Beauty.

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Migr

– Meaning in English: Wander

This Latin root is perhaps most prevalent in its connection to current events. Namely, “migr”—meaning “wander”—appears in the terms immigration and migrant, both of which have become majorly familiar in the collective consciousness as a result of such issues as the European migrant crisis as well as the U.S. border crisis and questions surrounding the country’s immigration policies.

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Multi

– Meaning in English: Many

There are a multitude of examples in the English language of the Latin root “multi,” meaning “many,” in use (with multitude being one of them). The root is perhaps most notable for its role in arithmetic, as it occurs in multiplication, which is a mathematical process for growing a number in size and count. The root also appears in the title of the 1996 comedy “Multiplicity,” which stars Michael Keaton as a man who clones himself numerous times to manage the demands of his day-to-day life.

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Neg

– Meaning in English: Say no

The Latin root “neg” appears in English words that are defined by a lack of positive or affirmative response. For example, the word negate means that something is being nullified or shut down, or, it’s being “said no to,” essentially. Negativity, a quality often associated with pessimism and naysaying, is another example of the root in action.

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Non

– Meaning in English: Not

When something is described as nonsensical, it means that it doesn’t make sense. When something or someone is characterized as noncommittal, it means that they won’t commit. These words—along with others that include “non” as a prefix—pull from the Latin root’s definition meaning “not.” It’s important to keep in mind that the line between “non” and “un” can get a little troublesome when navigating common vocabulary. For example, while unprofessional refers to behavior that isn’t professional, nonprofessional refers to lines of work that don’t require professional training.

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Nov

– Meaning in English: New

The allure of novels comes from their imaginative stories that can take readers away from the ordinary and mundane. A novel concept or innovative idea is characterized by offering something fresh and new, which all ties back to the Latin root “nov.”

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Ov

– Meaning in English: Egg

While there are some English words beginning with “ov” that don’t tie back to this Latin root such as “oven,” which actually comes from Germanic origins, there are others that reference the root’s original definition: “egg.” Examples include oval, as in the egg-like shape, and ovary, as in the female reproductive organ that produces eggs.

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Pre

– Meaning in English: Before

“Pre” is a Latin-derived prefix that clarifies chronological order by signifying that something came before something else. For example, predict means that you talk about something happening before it actually happens. The word preliminary is another example and means that something occurs prior to something else in preparation for the main event. Of course, “pre” also occurs in the word prefix itself, which by definition is a grammatical add-on to the beginning of a word—i.e., it comes “before” the original word—that changes its meaning.

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Prim

– Meaning in English: First

In addition to words that reflect this root’s origins in its most literal sense such as primary, primordial, and primitive, there are also words derived from this Latin root that more loosely mean best-in-class, or top-tier. One such example is the word prime, most commonly used in reference to Amazon Prime, the membership service that provides expedited shipping and a catalog of member-only streaming content for Amazon customers.

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Proxim

– Meaning in English: Nearness

When one makes an approximation of something, they’re making an educated guess about the count, measurement, or quantity of something based on information that allows them to come close—though maybe not exact—to the correct value. This word, along with others like proximity or proximal, comes from the Latin root “proxim,” meaning nearness.

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Ques

– Meaning in English: Seek

A Latin root that means “to seek” or “to look for,” “ques” appears in a number of words that English speakers use on a daily basis. Besides the very literal quest, which basically refers to a long search for something, there are also the terms question and request, both of which attempt to elicit some kind of response, information, or action.

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Re

– Meaning in English: Again, backward

This Latin root is one that could refer to something happening over and over again, as is the case with such words as repeat or recur. It may also, however, be used to reference something that moves backward by being withdrawn, as is the case with the words renege and revert.

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Retro

– Meaning in English: Backward, behind

Retro has been a standalone word since the mid-1970s when it started getting used in reference to fashion nostalgia. Before that, though, the word existed in the Latin vocabulary as a prefix meaning “backward” or “behind.” Of all the words that include the prefix—e.g., retrogress, retroactive, retrospective—one of the most familiar nowadays may be retrograde, as in Mercury Retrograde (when Mercury appears to be moving backward in its orbit).

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San

– Meaning in English: Healthy

This Latin root appears throughout the English language in a few different ways. For starters, it has a very literal and practical application in words like sanitize and sanitary, which simply refer to the eradication of bacteria so as to make something healthier and safer. However, the same root also occurs in the term sanity—and the opposite, insanity—which refers to mental health.

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Sci

– Meaning in English: Know

The Latin root “sci” (meaning “know”) has a few different roles in English. For one, it can refer to the actual act of knowing things, as is the case with terms like omniscience (meaning all-knowing), conscience (knowing right from wrong), and prescience (knowing things before they happen). Beyond that, “sci” also ties into the accumulation of knowledge, as it is a key root in the term science and is thus connected to all scientific branches (formal, natural, and social sciences).

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Scrib

– Meaning in English: Write

While a young child’s doodles on a piece of paper might be dismissed as nothing but a little scribble, it turns out that scribble has some roots in the Latin language. The root “scrib” actually means “write,” and appears in such terms as transcribe, the act of copying down words from a recording or dictation, and describe, the act of writing down (or saying) what something looks, feels, tastes, sounds, or smells like.

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Semi

– Meaning in English: Half

The Latin root “semi” (meaning “half”) is central to a lot of the traditions that we consider to be commonplace. For example, there’s the idea of a semi-final, where two sports teams face off in a match directly before the final and only one—such as half of the two teams—moves on to the final. A lot of brands, most notably, Victoria’s Secret, are also known for having semi-annual sales: one at the start of the year in January and one around the half-way mark in June.

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Senti

– Meaning in English: Feel

The Latin root “senti,” which is also close to the root “sens,” means “feel”—which is evident when looking at the English terms that have stemmed from the original root. The root is at the heart of our sensory system, which allows us to feel and experience things through our different senses. The classic book “Sense and Sensibility” by Jane Austen interestingly juxtaposes two words that stem from this same Latin root in its title; here, sense is the ability to act with sound judgment and without being overly emotional, while sensibility refers to the ability to act from the heart or with feelings as a guide.

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Soci

– Meaning in English: Group

In the most basic sense, the Latin root “soci” appears in the term society, which is very literally a group of people who coexist in some capacity, whether they’re connected by a common government, neighborhood, or even just common interests (e.g., the National Audubon Society). This Latin root is also at the core of one of the biggest trends to have shaped modern culture: social media and the rise of platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Snapchat.

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Sol

– Meaning in English: Alone

While social networks bring people together—even if only virtually—togetherness isn’t always the name of the game. “Sol,” the Latin root for “alone,” is also a big player in the English language, and is used in words that refer to loneliness or lack of connection. For example, solitude and isolation are two words that pull from the root, as is the name for Solitaire, the computer card game meant to be played solo.

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Sub

– Meaning in English: Under

When The Beatles released “Yellow Submarine,” they may not have realized that they were incorporating some Latin-based lyrics in their hit song. “Sub” is the Latin root meaning “under,” and beyond showing up in the name of the underwater warship, the root also occurs in terms like submerge, which is the act of putting something underwater. The New York City subway system also employs the Latin root for the name of its network of underground trains and tracks.

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Surg

– Meaning in English: Rise

Not to be confused with the root for surgery, which comes from the Greek words meaning “hand work,” the Latin “surg” means “rise.” For example, there’s been a “resurgence”: This combines the Latin root “re” with “surg”. Anyone who has attempted to call an Uber during rush hour or an “extreme” (if we’re using Latin) rainstorm is also likely familiar with the phenomenon of surge pricing, where rates increase as a result of heightened demand.

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Tempor

– Meaning in English: Time

Musicians understand that tempo is the speed of a song’s underlying beat, and thus that the tempo helps determine the timing of a piece of music. For those less musically-inclined, however, this Latin root may feel more familiar in words like temporary, meaning something that only lasts for a given period of time, and contemporary, meaning that something is of the current time.

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Test

– Meaning in English: Witness

Though the term “test” is a word on its own, the Latin root “test” is unrelated to the term meaning exam. Instead, the Latin here means “witness,” as in testimony, where someone shares their account of what they saw in a court trial. Legal proceedings aside, the root also appears in the word testament, which reflects a reliable account of something, such that it can be used as evidence to make a point.

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Trans

– Meaning in English: Across

English terms that include the root “trans” are generally referring to something that has traversed a physical or imaginary border in some way. For example, the first trans-Atlantic flight was completed in 1919 by Charles Lindbergh when he spent 34 hours traveling from New York to Paris. A common use of the root is also in reference to transgender individuals, whose gender identity does not align with their birth sex.

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Vac

– Meaning in English: Empty

The Latin root “vac” appears in several highly-used English words, including what may be a collective favorite: “vacation.” Unlike certain terms that have a more literal tie to this root’s definition––e.g., “vacancy” means there are empty rooms in a space, “vacate” means emptying out a space, etc.––“vacation” is more of a loose derivative of the root, alluding to an empty schedule.

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Vag

– Meaning in English: Wander

Of the Latin roots on this list, “vag” is one of the more unique in that it has a few different derivative words that reflect the term in unique ways. For example, while vagabond is a pretty literal extension of the Latin root, one of the other common derivative words—vague—reflects the meaning of the Latin root in a less direct way (i.e., it alludes to ideological “wandering” from the main topic).

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Ver

– Meaning in English: True

“Ver” is one of the more common Latin roots to appear in the English language. There are some terms that include the root—verdict and veracity—that may be less frequently utilized in everyday jargon, but that’s hardly the case with one of the most popular words that stems from this root: very. Whenever something is described as very soft, for example, the intention of the speaker is to communicate that something is “truly” soft.

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Vid

– Meaning in English: See, visual

While videotapes might have become obsolete, this Latin root, meaning “see,” is still kept alive in plenty of other key terms in the English language. One of the biggest, of course, is video, and though people’s sources of video entertainment have changed over the years, their affinity for it certainly has it. According to recent data, people watch an average of 16 hours of online video per week.

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Uni

– Meaning in English: One

This root, meaning “one,” is incredibly prevalent throughout the English language. It appears in a wide range of words, including unicorn (a one-horned mythical horse), unity (one entity), uniform (one outfit), unicycle (one-wheeled bike), and unibrow (one eyebrow).

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Источник

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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This is a list of English words derived from Latin words, including Latin nouns, verbs and adjectives. The list is organized by Latin words.

Contents:	A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V

A[edit]

acere, aceo «to be sour» acid, acidic
acervus «heap» acerval, acervate, coacervate, coacervation
aemulus «striving to equal or excel» emulous, emulate, emulation, emulator
aequus «even, equal» adequacy, adequate, egalitarian, egalitarianism, equal, equalitarian, equalitarianism, equality, equalize, equalizer, equanimity, equate, equation, equator, equatorial, equidistant, equilibrium, equinox, equitable, equity, equivalence, equivalent, equivocation, equivocal, inadequacy, inadequate, inequitable, inequality, inequation, unequal, unequivocal
aestimare «to value, rate, weigh, estimate» esteem, estimable, estimate, estimation, estimator, overestimate, underestimate
aevum, aevī «age, lifetime, generation» coeval, eternal, eternity, longevity, longevous, medieval, primeval
ager, agrī «(arable) land, (tilled) field» agrarian, agriculture, peregrine, pilgrim
agere, ago «to do, act» act, action, actionable, active, activity, actor, actual, actualism, actuarial, actuary, actuate, actuation, actuator, agency, agenda, agent, agile, agility, agitate, agitation, allegation, allege, ambage, ambiguous, assay, cache, coagulation, cogency, cogent, essay, exact, exacta, examination, exigent, exiguous, fumigation, fustigate, interact, interaction, interactive, intransigent, levigate, litigate, navigate, navigation, navigator, objurgate, prodigal, prodigy, reaction, reactivation, reactivate, reactive, reactiveness, reactivity, reactor, redaction, retroactive, squat, transact, transaction, transactional, variegate, variegation
alere, alo «to grow» (from here «altus») altar, altitude, altitudinous, enhance, enhancement, exalt, exaltation
alius «other» abalienate, abalienation, alien, alienage, alienate, alienation
alter «other» alter, alterable, alterate, alteration, altern, alternate, alternation, alternative, alternator, altruism, altruist, altruistic
alvus «the belly» alveolar, alveolate, alveolus, alveus
ambulare, ambulo «to walk, go about» amble, ambulance, ambulant, ambulate, ambulator, ambulatory, funambulist, perambulate, perambulation, perambulator, preamble, somnambulist, somnambulate, somnambulistic
amicus «friend» amiable, amicable, amity, amicus
angere «to cause pain, choke, distress, trouble» anguish, anxiety, anxious
angulus «corner» angle, angular, angulate, angulation, pentangle, quadrangle, rectangle, rectangular, triangle, triangulate, triangulation
annus, annī «year, season, age» annals, annual, annuity, anniversary, biennium, decennium, millennium, perennial, quadrennium, quindecennial, quinquennium, septennial, sexennial, superannuated, triennium, vicennial
ante «before» advance, advancement, advantage, advantageable, advantageous, A.M., ante-, antecedent, disadvantage, disadvantageous, vantage
apere, apo «to fasten, to join, to fit» adapt, adaptable, adaptability, adaptation, adaptational, adaptationism, adaptationist, adaptative, adapter, adaptive, adaptorial, apt, aptitude, attitude, attitudinal, exaptation, inept, ineptitude
arbiter «witness» arbit, arbiter, arbitrable, arbitrage, arbitrary, arbitrate, arbitration, arbitrator
arbor «tree» arbor, arboreal, arboretum, arboricide, arboricity, arborize, arborization, arborvitae
arguere, arguo «to declare, show, prove, make clear, reprove, accuse» arguable, argue, arguer, argument, argumentation, argumentative
ars «skill» art, artful, artifact, artifice, artificer, artificial, artificiality, artisan, artist, artiste, artistic, artless, artsy, inert, inertia, inertial
articulus «a joint, limb, member, part, division, etc.» article, articulate, articulation
astus «craft» astute, astuteness
audere, audeo «to dare» audacious, audaciousness, audacity
audire, audio «to hear» audible, audience, audile, audio, audit, audition, auditor, auditorium, auditory, oyez, obey, subaudition
augere, augeo «to increase, augment» auction, auctioneer, augend, augment, augmentation, author, authority, authorization, authorize, auxiliary
augur «an augur, a reader of omens» augur, augural, augury, inaugural, inaugurate, inauguration, inaugurator, inauguratory
auscultare, ausculto «to listen» auscultate, auscultation, scout

B[edit]

basis «pedestal, foot, base; etc.» (from Ancient Greek) basal, base, basis
bini «two by two» combination, combinatory, combinatorics, combine, recombinant, recombinase, recombination, recombine
bonus «good» bonafide, bonus, bountiful, bounty, boon
bōs, bovis «cow» beef, bovine, bugle
brevis «short» abbreviate, abbreviation, abbreviator, abridge, abridgment, brevet, breviary, brief, briefing, brevity, unabridged

C[edit]

caballus «horse» cavalcade, cavalier, cavalry, chevalier, chivalrous, chivalry
cadere, cado «to fall» accident, accidental, incidence, incident, coincide, coincidence, cadence, casual, casualty, chance, cheat, decadence, decay, deciduous, occasion, occasional, occident
caedere, caedo «to cut» abscise, abscision, concise, decidable, decidability, decide, decision, decisive, imprecise, imprecision, incide, incise, incision, incisor, precise, precision
caelum «sky» celestial
calculus «a pebble» (> calculare) calculate, calculation, calculator, calculus, miscalculate, miscalculation, overcalculate, recalculate, recalculation
calx «limestone, lime, chalk» calcite, calcium, chalk
camera «chamber» camera, chamber, chamberlain, chambermaid, camaraderie, comrade, comradeliness, comradery, comradeship
cancer «a crab; a tumor, cancer; lattice, grid, or barrier» cancel, cancellation, cancer, chancel, chancellery, chancellor, chancery
canere, canto «to sing» cantor, chant, recant, recanter, recantation
canis, canis «dog» canaille, canary, canicular, canine, chenille, kennel
capanna «cabin, hut» cabana, cabin, cabinet
capere, capio «to take» accept, acceptable, acceptability, acceptance, apperceive, apperception, apperceptive, capable, capability, capacious, capacitate, capacity, capacitance, capacitation, capacitor, capture, conceit, conceive, concept, conception, deceit, deceive, deception, except, exception, exceptional, incapacitate, inception, incipient, intercept, interception, occupy, perceive, perception, perceptive, precept, receipt, receive, receptacle, reception, receptionist, recipient
capsa, capsae «container, holder, box, case» acapsular, case, cash, cashier, capsaicin, capsicum, capsular, capsulate, capsule, encase, encapsulate, encapsulation
caput «head» chapter, chapiter, capital, capitalism, captain, capitulate, capitulation
caro «flesh» carnal, carnality, carnalize, carnassial, carnival, carnivore, incarnadine, incarnate, incarnation, reincarnate, reincarnation
carpere, carpo «to pluck» carpet, excerpt
castrum «fort» castle, château, chatelaine
cathedra «chair, throne» cathedra, cathedral, chair
caudex «tree trunk» code, codec, coder, codex, codification, codifier, codify, decode, decoder, decoding, encode, encoder, encoding, recode, re-encode, transcode, transcoder
causa «cause, reason, account, lawsuit» accusable, accusation, accusative, accusatory, accuse, accuser, causal, causality, causation, causative, cause, excusable, excuse, recuse
cavus «hollow» cave, cavity, concave, excavate, excavation, excavator
cedere, cedo «to go» abscess, accede, accedence, access, accessory, accessibility, accessible, accession, ancestor, ancestry, antecedent, cease, cede, cessation, concede, concession, decease, decede, exceed, excess, excessive, intercede, intercession, precede, precedence, precedent, predecessor, procedure, proceed, process, recede, recession, recessionary, succeed, success, succession, successive, successor, unprecedented
celer «quick» accelerate, acceleration, accelerator, celerity
cella, cellae «storeroom, silo, small room, poor man’s apartment» cell, cella, cellar, cellarer, rathskeller
censere, censeo «to tax, assess, value, judge, consider, etc.» censor, censorial, censorious, censorship, censure, census, recension
centrum «center» center, central, centrality, centralization, centralize, centrifugal, centrifuge, centripetal, concentrate, concentration, concentric, decentralization, decentralize, egocentric, epicenter, excentric
centum «a hundred» cent, centennial, centipede, centum, century, centurion
cernere, cerno «to separate, perceive, decide» certain, concern, crime, criminal, decree, discern, discernible, discernment, discreet, discrete, discretion, discretionary, discriminant, discriminate, discrimination, discriminative, excrement, excreta, excrescent, excrete, excretion, excretory, indiscernible, secret, secretary, secretion, secretive, secretory
charta «papyrus, paper» card, cartographer, cartography, cartoon, cartouche, chart, charter
ciere, cieo «to call, summon» accite, cite, citation, excite, excitement, excitation, excitatory, incite, incitement, recital, recitation, recitative, recite
circus «ring, circle» (> circulus) circle, circular, circularity, circulate, circulation, circumference, circumstance, circus
cīvis, cīvis «citizen» citizen, citizenry, city, civic, civil, civility, civilization, civilize
classis, classis «fleet of ships, class of citizens, band, group» class, classic, classical, classism
clarus «clear, bright, brilliant» chiaroscuro, claret, clarification, clarify, clarity, clear, declaration, declarative, declaratory, declare, declarer
claudere, claudo «to shut» clause, claustrophobic, cloister, close, closure, conclude, conclusion, conclusive, include, inclusion, inclusive, exclusion, exclude, exclusive, occlude, occluder, occlusion, occlusive, preclude, preclusion, seclude, seclusion, seclusive, reclude, recluse, reclusion
colere, colo «to till, cultivate, worship» agriculture, colonial, colonialism, colonization, colonize, colonist, colony, cult, cultic, cultist, cultivar, cultivate, cultivation, cultural, culture, cyberculture, horticulture, monoculture, occult, occultation, occultism, occultist, subculture
comminisci, comminiscor «to devise, contrive, invent» comment, commentary, commentator, commenter, uncomment
communis «common, general, universal» common, commonality, communal, communicate, communication, communicator, communicative, commune, communion, communism, communist, community
cor, cordis «heart, mind judgment, dear friend» accord, accordance, concord, concordance, cordate, cordial, cordiality, cordiform, courage, courageous, discord, discordant, discourage, discouragement, encourage, encouragement, misericord, quarry, record, recorder
corona «garland, chaplet or wreath» corona, coronary, coronal, coronate, coronation, coronet, crown
cornū, cornūs «horn, drinking vessel, funnel, trumpet, arm (of a lake) » bicornuate, Capricorn, corn, cornea, corneous, corner, cornet, cornicopia, corniculate, cornification, cornu, lamellicorn, longicorn, tricorn, unicorn
cras, crastinus «tomorrow» procrastinate
creare, creo «to make, create» create, creation, creationism, creationist, creative, creativity, creativeness, creator, creature, recreate, recreation, recreational
credere, credo «to lend, loan, believe, trust, accept as true» credence, credential, credibility, credible, credit, creditable, creditor, credo, credulous, creed, grant, incredible, incredulous, miscreant, recreant
cremare, cremo «to burn to ashes» cremate, cremation, crematorium, crematory
crepare, crepo «to rattle, rustle, clatter; etc.» crepitant, crepitate, crepitation, decrepit, decrepitude, discrepancy, discrepant
crescere, cresco «to grow» accresce, accrescence, accrescent, accrete, accretion, accretive, accrue, concrete, increase, decrease, crescence, crescendo, crescent, crescentic, crew
criterion, criterium «a test, a means of judging» criterion
criticus «capable of judging» (from Greek) critic, critical, criticize, criticism, critique
crūx, crūcis «cross, crucifix, torment, tormentor» cross, crucial, cruciate, crucifer, crucifixion, cruciform, crucify, cruise, cruiser, crusade, crusader crux, excruciate
culpa «guilt» culpability, culpable, culprit, exculpate, exculpation, exculpatory, felix culpa
cumulus «heap» accumulate, accumulation, accumulator, cumulus
cura «care» accuracy, accurate, curable, curate, curation, curator, curative, cure, curio, curious, curiosity, inaccuracy, inaccurate, incurable, insecure, insecurity, proctor, proctorial, proctorship, procurator, procure, procurement, procurer, procuress, secure, securitization, securitize, security
currere, curro «to run (hard, over), traverse, pass, skim over» concourse, concur, concurrency, concurrent, corral, corrida, corrido, corridor, corsair, courante, courier, course, current, currency, cursive, cursor, cursory, curule, decurrent, discourse, excursion, hussar, incur, intercourse, kraal, occur, occurrence, percurrent, precursor, recourse, recur, recurrence, recurrent, recursion, recursive, recursiveness, recursivity, succor
curvus «bent, crooked, curved» curb, curvaceous, curvature, curve, curvy

D[edit]

damnum «loss» condemn, condemnable, condemnation, damage, damn, damnable, damnation, damnify, indemnify, indemnity
dare, do «to give» betray, betrayal, betrayer, date, dative, datum, tradition, traditional, traitor, traitorous, treason, treasonable
dens «tooth» dental, dentist, dentistry, denture, indent, indentation, outdent, trident, unindent
desiderare, desidero «to desire» desiderate, desirable, desire, desirous
deterior «worse» deteriorate, deterioration
diēs, diēī «day, time, period, space of time» adjourn, adjournment, circadian, dial, diary, diet, dismal, diurnal, du jour, journal, journey, meridian, postmeridian, quotidian, sojourn
dicere, dico «to say, tell, declare, name» addict, addiction, benediction, condition, conditional, contradict, contradiction, dedicate, dedication, dictate, diction, dictionary, dictum, ditto, ditty, edict, fatidic, herb bennet, indict, indiction, indite, interdict, juridical, jurisdiction, maledict, malediction, malison, predicable, predicament, predicate, predicative, predict, predictable, prediction, predictive, predictor, valediction, verdict, veridical, verdictive, voir dire
dividere, divido «to divide» dividable, divide, dividend, divider, dividual, dividuous, divisibility, divisible, division, divisor, device, devise, individual, individualism, individualist, individuality, individualize, indivisibility, indivisible
divus «a god» divination, divine, diviner, divinity
docere, doceo «to teach» docent, docile, doctor, doctorate, doctrinaire, doctrinal, doctrine, document, documentary, indoctrinate
dolere, doleo «to hurt, suffer, feel pain» condolence, dolent, indolence, indolency, indolent
dolor «pain» dolor, dolorous
domina, dominae «mistress of the house, lady, owner, sweetheart, wife» derivatives at dominus
dominus «owner, proprietor, master, ruler, lord» belladonna, dame, Dan, danger, Dom, domain, dominate, dominical, dominie, dominion, domino, domino, don, Donna, duende, dungeon, madam, Madame, Mademoiselle, madonna, predominate
domus «a farmstead with its people, plants and animals» dome, domestic, domicile, majordomo
dormire, dormio «to sleep» dorm, dormancy, dormant, dormition, dormitive, dormitory
ducere, duco «to lead, bring» abduce, abduction, adduce, adducible, adduction, adductive, adductor, conduce, conduct, conducive, conduction, conductor, deduce, deducible, deduct, deduction, deductive, duct, ductile, duction, induce, inductor, induction, inductive, introduce, introduction, introductory, produce, product, producer, production, productive, productiveness, reduce, reducibility, reducible, reductant, reduction, seduce, seducement, seducer, seduction, seductive, seductress, transduce, transduction

E[edit]

emere, emo «to buy» ademption, ensample, example, exemplar, exemplary, exemplification, exemplify, exemplum, exempt, exemption, impromptu, peremptory, preempt, preemption, preemptive, preemptor, preemptory, premium, prompt, pronto, ransom, redeem, redemption, sample, vintage
equus, equi «horse» equine, equestrian, equitation
errare, erro «to wander, stray, err, mistake» aberr, aberrance, aberrant, aberrate, aberration, aberrational, err, erratic, erratum, erroneous, error
esse, sum «to be» absence, absent, absenteeism, essence, essential, essentialism, presence, present, presentation, quintessential
examen «the tongue of a balance, a weighing» (> examinare) exam, examination, examine, examinee, examiner
excellere, excello «to raise, elevate» excel, excellence, excellent, excelsior
expedire, expedio «to bring forward, dispatch, expedite» expede, expedience, expediency, expedient, expedite, expedition

F[edit]

faber «a workman» fabric, fabricate, fabrication, forge, forger, forgery, reforge
facere, facio «to make» affect, affectation, affective, affection, affectionate, affecter, defect, defective, defection, defector, deficiency, deficient, deficit, effect, effectiveness, effectivity, effector, effectual, effectuate, efficacious, efficacity, efficacy, efficiency, efficient, facile, facility, facilitate, fact, factor, factorization, faction, factoid, factorial, factory, factual, fashion, fashionable, -fy, infect, infection, infectious, prefect
fallere, fallo «to deceive» (> falsus) fail, failure, fallacy, fallacious, fallibilist, fallibilism, fallibility, fallible, false, falsifiable, falsification, falsificator, falsifier, falsify, falsity
familia «the servants in a household» (from famulus) family, familiar, familiarity, familiarize
fateri, fateor «to confess, acknowledge» confess, confession, confessional, confessor, profess, profession, professional, professor
favere, faveo «to be well disposed or inclined toward, favor» favor, favorability, favorable, favorite, favoritism, unfavorable, unfavorite
femina, feminae «female, woman» effeminate, female, feme, feminine, femme, femme fatale
fendere, fendo «to strike» defend, defender, defense, defensive, fence, fend, offend, offense, offensive
ferre, fero «to bear, place» afferent, circumference, confer, conference, defer, deference, differ, different, differentiate, efferent, fertile, infer, inference, offer, prefer, preference, preferential, proffer, relatable, relate, relative, relation, relativeness, relativist, relativism, relativity, refer, reference, referent, suffer, transfer, vociferous
ferus «wild, savage» ferity, ferocious, ferocity, fierce
fibra «fiber, filament» defibrillate, defibrillation, fibre, fibril, fibrillar, fibrillate, fibrillation, fibrous
fidere, fido «to trust» confidant, confide, confidence, confident, confidential, defiance, defiant, defy, diffidence, diffident, faith, faithful, faithless, fidelitous, fidelity, infidel, infidelity, nullifidian, solifidian
fingere, fingo «to make, form, feign» configure, configuration, faint, feign, feint, fiction, fictional, fictitious, figment, figure, figurative, figurine, prefigure
finis «limit, end» final, finale, finalist, finalize, finalization, finish, finitary, finite, finiteness, infinite, infinitesimal, infinity, transfinite, unfinished
firmus «firm» affirm, affirmation, affirmative, confirm, confirmation, confirmative, firm, firmness, infirm, infirmity
fiscus «basket, purse, chest, treasury» confiscate, fiscal
flectere, flecto «to bend, bow, curve, turn around» deflect, deflection, deflective, fletch, fletcher, flex, flexible, flexibility, inflect, inflection, inflexion, reflect, reflective, reflectivity, reflex, reflexion, reflexive, reflexivity
fligere «to strike» afflict, conflict, inflict
flōs, flōris «flower, bud, blossom, best of (something)» cauliflower, deflower, effloresce, enfleurage, ferret, flora, Flora, floral, floret, floriated, florid, florigen, florin, florist, –florous, flour, flourish, flower, millefleur
fluere, fluo «to flow, stream, pour» affluence, affluent, confluence, confluent, conflux, effluence, effluent, effluvium, efflux, effluxion, fluctuate, fluctuation, fluency, fluent, fluid, flux, influence, influx, refluent, reflux
focus, focī «fireplace, hearth» focal, focus
fōns, fontis «spring, fountain, source, origin» font, fountain
forma, formae «form, shape, figure, beauty» (> formare) conform, conformance, conformity, deform, deformation, deformity, form, formal, formality, formalize, formalization, formalism, format, formation, formative, formula, formulaic, formulate, formulation, formulary, inform, information, informant, informer, reform, reformation, reformer, transform, transformation, transformer
fortis «strong, powerful» enforce, enforcement, force, forceful, forcefulness, fort, fortify, fortification, fortress
fortuitus «happening by chance» fortuitous, fortuity
fortuna «fortune, luck» fortunate, fortune, unfortunate
frangere, frango «to break» anfractuous, chamfer, defray, diffraction, fractal, fraction, fractional, fractious, fracture, fragile, fragility, fragment, frail, frailty, frangible, infrangible, infringe, irrefrangible, refract, refraction, refractive, refrain, sassafras, saxifrage
fraus «a cheating, fraud; delusion, error» defraud, defraudation, defrauder, fraud, fraudster, fraudulence, fraudulent
frequens «frequent, crowded» frequency, frequent, frequentative, infrequent
frons, frontis «forehead, brow, front (of something)» affront, confront, confrontation, effrontery, front, frontal, frontispiece
fugere, fugio «to flee» centrifuge, fugitive, refuge, refugee, refugeehood, refugium, subterfuge
fumare «smoke» fume, fumigate, fumigation, perfume
fundere, fundo «to pour out, shed» confound, confuse, confusion, diffuse, diffusion, effuse, effusive, infuse, infusion, found, fuse, fusion, profuse,profusion, refund, refuse, transfuse, transfusion
fundus «bottom, base, foundation» (> fundare) found, foundation, fund, fundamental, fundament, profound, profundity
fungi, fungor «to perform or execute» dysfunction, dysfunctional, function, functional, functionalist, functionalism, functor, fungible, malfunction
fuscus «dark» obfuscate, subfusc

G[edit]

gaudere, gaudeo «to rejoice» enjoy, enjoyable, enjoyment, gaud, gaudy, joy, joyful, rejoice, unenjoyable
genus «a kind, race, family» gender, general, generalize, generalization, generality, generate, generation, genus, generic
gerere, gero «to bear, carry, refl. bear oneself, behave, act» congest, congestion, decongestant, digest, digestion, digestive, gerund, gerundive, gesticulate, gesticulation, gesticulative, gestural, gesture, indigestion, ingest, ingestion, preregister, preregistration, register, registrar, registration, registry, suggest, suggestion, suggestive
gignere, gigno «to beget, produce» engine, engineer, genital, genitive, genius, genial, ingenious, ingeniosity
globus «globe» global, globalism, globalist, globalization, globalize, globe, globose, globous, globular, globule, globulin, hemoglobin
glomus «ball» agglomerate, agglomeration, conglomerate, conglomeration
gradi, gradior «to walk, go» (> gradus) aggress, aggression, aggressive, aggressiveness, aggressor, congress, degree, egress, egression, gradable, gradation, grade, gradient, gradual, graduality, graduate, graduation, ingredient, ingress, postgraduate, progress, progressive, progression, regress, regressive, regression, transgress, transgression, transgressive, transgressor, undergraduate
granum «grain» coarse-grained, fine-grained, grosgrain, grain, granary, granular, granularity, granulate, granulation, granum
gravis «heavy» aggravate, aggravation, aggrieve, grave, graveness, gravid, gravidity, gravitation, gravity, grief, grievance, grievant, grieve, grievous
grex «flock, herd, drove, swarm» aggregate, aggregation, congregate, congregation, gregarious
gurges «a raging abyss, whirlpool» ingurgitate, ingurgitation, regurgitate, regurgitation

H[edit]

habere, habeo «to have, hold» able, cohabit, exhibit, exhibition, exhibitor, habile, habit, habitable, habitant, habitat, habituation, inhabit, inhabitable, inhabitant, inhibit, inhibitory, malady, prohibit, prohibition, prohibitive
haerere, haereo «stick, cleave, adhere» adhere, adherent, cohere, coherence, coherent, hesitant, hesitate, hesitation, inhere, inherence, inherent
halare, halo «to breathe» exhale, exhalation, inhale, inhaler, inhalation
homō, hominis «human being, man, person, humankind» bonhomie, bonhomous, homage, hombre, homicide, hominid, homo, homunculus, human, humane, humanist, humanistic, humanism, humanity, humanitarian, humanitarianism, inhuman, inhumane, ombre
hospes «host, guest» hospitable, hospital, hospitality, host, hostel, hosteler, hostelry, hostess, hostler, hotel, hotelier
horrere, horreo «to stand on end, shiver» horrendous, horrid, horrific, horrify, horrible, horror, ordure

I[edit]

iacere, iacio «to throw» abject, abjectness, inject, injection, interjection, introject, introjection, object, objective, objection, objectionable, objectivism, objectivist, project, projectile, projection, projective, reject, rejection, rejective, subject, subjection, subjective, subjectivism, subjectivist, surjection, surjective
imago «a copy, likeness, image» image, imagery, imaginable, imaginary, imagination, imaginative, imagine
initium «beginning» initiate, initial
imitari «to copy, portray, imitate» imitate, imitation, imitator, imitative
insula «island» insular, insulate, insulator, insulation, isolatable, isolate, isolated, isolating, isolation, isolationism, isolative, isolator, peninsula, peninsulate
ire, eo «to go» commence, commencement, initial, initialism, initialization, initialize, initiate, initiation, initiative
iterum «again» iterate, iteration, iterative, iterator, reiterate, reiteration, reiterative, reiterator
iudex «judge» (from ius) judicial, judicious, judge, judgement, judgemental
iugum «yoke» abjugate, conjugal, conjugate, conjugation, jugal, jugular, subjugal, subjugate, subjugation
iungere, iungo «to join, yoke» conjoin, conjunction, disjoin, disjunction, interjoin, interjunction, join, junction, juncture
ius, iuris «law» abjure, adjure, conjure, injury, jural, juridical, jurisconsult, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, jurist, jury, just, justice, nonjuror, objurgate, perjure
iuvare, iuvo «to help» adjutant, adjutor, adjutory, adjutrix, adjuvant, aid, aidance, aidant, aide

L[edit]

labi, labor «to slip» collapse, elapse, illapse, labile, lability, lapse, relapse
labor «labor, toil, work, exertion» belabor, collaborate, collaboration, collaborative, elaborate, elaboration, labor, laborer, laborious, laboratory
lacere, lacio «to allure, entice» delectable, delicacy, delicate, delicatessen, delicious, delight, delightful, dilettante
languere, langueo «to be faint, weak» languid, languish, languor, languorous
latus «broad, wide» latifundium, latitude, latitudinal, latitudinarian
latus «side» lateral, bilateral, collateral, collateralizable, collateralization, collateralize, equilateral, quadrilateral, trilateral, unilateral
laus «praise, glory, fame, reknown» laud, laudable, laudability, laudative, laudator, laudatory
lavare, lavo «to wash» launder, laundry, lavatory, lave, lavish, lotion
laxus «wide, roomy, loose» lax, laxity, relax, relaxation
legere, lego «to gather, select; to read» coil, collect, collection, collective, diligence, diligent, intellect, intellectual, intellectualism, intelligence, intelligent, intelligibility, intelligible, lection, lecture, lecture, legend, legendary, legibility, legible, legion, lesson, neglect, neglectful, negligée, negligence, negligent, negligible
levis «light» alleviate, alleviation, alleviator, elevate, elevation, elevator, levant, lever, leviate, levitation, levity, levy, relevant, relief, relieve
lēx, lēgis «law, motion, bill, statute, rule» illegitimate, legal, legislate, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature, legist, legit, legitimate, lex, loyal, privilege
liber «free» liberal, liberalism, liberate, liberation, libertarian, libertarianism, libertine, liberty
liber «book» libel, librarian, library
libra «pound, balance» deliberate, deliberation, equilibrium, librate, libration
licere, licet «to be allowed, be allowable» illicit, illicitness, licence, license, licensee, licensor
ligare, ligo «to tie, bind» alliance, alloy, ally, disoblige, lien, league, ligament, ligamental, ligation, ligature, obbligato, obligate, obligation, obligational, obligator, obligatory, oblige, obligee, obliger, obligor
limen «threshold» preliminary
limes «cross-path, boundary, border, limit» delimit, limit, limitation
lingua «tongue, speech, language» language, linguist, linguistic, linguistics, lingua franca
linquere, linquo «to leave» delict, delinquency, delinquent, derelict, relic, relict, relinquish, reliquary
līnum «flax, linen, thread» align, crinoline, leno, line, line, lineage, linen, lingerie, linnet, linseed, lint
liquere «to be liquid, be fluid» liquid, liquidate, liquidation, liquidity, liquidizer, liquor, liquefiable, liquefy
littera «letter of the alphabet» illiteracy, illiterate, literal, literalness, literacy, literary, literate, literature, obliterate, obliteration, transliterable, transliterate, transliteration, transliterator
locus, locī «place, site, spot» allocate, allocation, dislocate, dislocation, local, locality, localization, localize, locate, location, locative, locator, relocate, relocation
longus «long» longevity, longevous, longitude, longitudinal, oblong, prolong, prolongation
loqui, loquor «to speak» colloquial, colloquialism, colloquium, eloquence, eloquent, grandiloquence, grandiloquent, illocution, interlocutor, locution, loquacious, loquaciousness, loquacity, magniloquence, magniloquent, perlocution
lucere, luco «to shine» (> lustrum) elucidate, illustrate, illustration, illustrious, lucent, lucid, lucidity, luster, pellucid, relucent, translucent
luctari, luctor «to struggle» obluctation, reluctance, reluctant, ineluctable
ludere, ludo «to play, mimic, deceive» allude, allusion, collude, collusion, delude, delusion, elude, elusive, illusion, interlude, ludic, ludicrous, prelude, prolusion
luere «to wash» diluent, dilutant, dilute, dilution, diluvium
lugere, lugeo «to mourn, grieve, lament» lugubrious
lumen «light» abluminal, adluminal, intraluminal, lumen, luminal, luminescence, luminescent, luminous, luminosity, illuminate, illumination, luminary, luminate, phillumenist, phillumeny
luna, lunae «moon, month, night, crescent» cislunar, Luna, lunar, lunate, lunatic, lune, lunula, mezzaluna, sublunar, sublunary, translunar
lupus, lupī «wolf» lobo, loup-garou, lupine, lupus, robalo
lux «light»
luxus «entravagance, excess» luxurious, luxury

M[edit]

machina «a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick» (from Greek) deus ex machina, machinate, machination, machine, machinery, mechanic, mechanical, mechanism, mechanistic, machinate, machination
magnus «great» magnanimous, magnate, magnificence, magnificent, magnify, magnitude
malleus «hammer, mallet» malleable, malleability, malleate, mallet, malleus
malus «bad» mal-, malady, malediction, malefaction, malefactor, malevolent, malice, malicious, malign, malignant
mandare, mando «to commit, intrust, enjoin» command, commandeer, commander, commandment, commend, commendable, mandate, mandator, mandatory, recommend, recommendable, recommendation, recommender
manere, maneo «to stay, remain» immanence, immanent, manor, manse, mansion, ménage, permanency, permanent, remain, remainder, remanence
manus «hand» emancipate, manage, manager, managerial, manual, manufacture, manuscript
mare, maris «sea, saltwater» Beche-de-mer, cormorant, maar, mare, mariculture, marinara, marinate, marine, Marines, maritime, ormer, submarine, ultramarine
mas «male» emasculate, emasculation, emasculator, emasculatory, male, masculine, masculinity
māter, mātris «mother» alma mater, madrepore, mater, maternal, maternity, matriculation, matrimony, matrix, matron
mederi, medeor «to heal» medic, medical, medicament, medicate, medicinal, medicine, premedication, remedy
medius «middle» immediate, immediacy, intermediate, mean, medial, median, mediate, mediation, mediator, median, mediocre, mediocrity, medium
melior «better» ameliorate, amelioration, meliorate
membrum «limb» dismember, dismemberment, member, membership
memor «mindful, remembering» commemorate, commemoration, commemorative, countermemo, immemorial, memo, memoir, memoization, memoize, memorable, memorandum, memorate, memorization, memorize, memory, memorial, remember, remembrance, rememberer
mens «the mind» mental, mentalese, mentalism, mentalist, mentality
merere, mereo «to earn, deserve, merit, obtain» demerit, merit, meritorious, meritocracy
mergere «to dive, dip, immerse, sink in» emerge, emergent, emergence, emergency, immerse, immersion, immersive, merge, submerge, submersion
merx «merchandise» commerce, commercial, commercialism, commercialize, market, marketable, marketeer, marketing, mart, mercantile, mercantilism, merchandise, merchant, merchantable, mercenary, mercy
minium «red lead» miniature, miniaturization, miniaturize
minor «lesser, smaller» minor, minority, minus, minuscule
minuere, minuo «to make smaller» diminish, diminutive, minute, minutia
miser «wretched, unfortunate» miser, miserable, miserablism, miserablist, miserliness, miserly, misery
mitis «soft» mitigant, mitigate, mitigation, unmitigated
mittere, mitto «to send» admission, admit, commission, commit, commitment, compromise, demit, demise, demiss, demission, dismiss, dismission, emit, emission, intermission, intermit, intermittent, mess, message, messenger, mission, missionary, missile, missive, permit, permission, permissive, promise, reemission, reemit, remissible, remission, remit, remittance, remittent, remitter, submit, submission, submissive, transmit, transmission
modus, modī «measure, size, limit, manner, harmony, melody» accomodate, accommodation, commode, commodious, commodity, modal, modality, mode, model, modern, modernism, modicum, modifier, modify, modular, modularity, modulate, modulation, modulator, module, modulus, mold, mood, moulage, postmodern, postmodernism
monere, moneo «to warn, admonish, remind» (> monstrare) admonish, admonition, admonitory, demonstrable, demonstrate, demonstration, monish, monition, monitor, monument, monster, muster, premonition, remonstrate, remonstration, summon
mora «delay, duration of time» moratorium, moraic, monomoraic, mora, bimoraic, commorancy, commorant, commorance, moratory
morbus «disease» comorbidity, morbilli, morbid, morbidity, morbidness, morbific
mors «death» amortization, amortize, immortal, immortality, mortal, mortality, mortification, mortify
movere, moveo «to move» amotion, amove, commotion, commutation, commutative, commute, demote, demotivate, demotivation, emotion, emotional, emotive, immutable, immutability, mob, mobile, mobility, mobilize, mobilization, moment, motile, motion, motivation, motivate, motive, motor, move, movement, mutable, mutability, mutant, mutate, mutation, permutation, permute, promote, promotion, removal, remove, transmutable, transmutant, transmutation, transmute
mulgere, mulgeo «to milk» emulsify, emulsion
munire «to defend» ammo, ammunition, munition
munus «service; obligation» munificence, munificent, municipal, municipality, remunerable, remunerate, remuneration
mus «mouse» muscle, muscular, muscularity, musculature, musculocutaneous, musculophrenic, musculospiral, musophobia, mussel
musca «a fly» mosquito, muscarine

N[edit]

nasci, nascor «to arise, be born, originate» antenatal, cognate, innate, nascent, natal, nation, national, nationality, native, nativity, nativization, nativism, natural, nature, naturism, naturalism, postnatal, prenatal
navis «ship» naval, navigate, navigation, navigator, navy
necesse «unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable» necessariness, necessary, necessitate, necessitation, necessitousness, necessitude, necessity
nectere, necto «to bind, tie» annex, annexable, annexure, annexation, annexational, connect, connection, connective, connectivity, connector, disconnect, nexus
nervus «sinew» innervate, innervation, nerve, nervous, nervousness, nervosity
nihil, contracted to nīl (indeclinable) «nothing» annihilate, nihilism, nihility, nil
nocere, noceo «to hurt, injure» innocence, innocent, nocent, noxious, nuisance, obnoxious
nōmen, nōminis «name, clan/middle name, reputation, title» agnomen, binomial, cognomen, denomination, ignominy, misnomer, nomenclator, nomenclature, nominal, nominate, noun, nuncupative, praenomen, pronoun, renown
noscere, nosco «to know» acquaint, acquaintance, cognition, cognitive, cognizant, cognizance, cognize, cognizor, cognosce, connoisseur, ignorable, ignorance, ignorant, ignore, incognito, precognition, recognize, recognition, quaint
novus «new» innovate, innovative, innovation, innovatory, novel, novelist, novelization, novelize, novelty, novice, novitiate, renovate, renovation, renovator
numerus «number» enumerate, enumeration, number, numeracy, numerary, numeral, numerate, numerator, numeric, numerical, supernumerary
nuntius «messenger» announce, announcement, annunciate, annunciation, denounce, denouncement, denouncer, enounce, enunciate, internuncio, nuncio, pronounce, pronouncement, pronouncer, pronunciation, renounce, renouncement, renouncer
nota «mark, sign» annote, annotation, annotator, connote, connotation, denote, denotation, notable, notability, notary, notate, notation, notational, note, notice, noticeable, reannotate
nutrire «to suckle, nourish, foster» nourish, nourishment, nurse, nursery, nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritional, nutritious, nutritive

O[edit]

oculus, oculī «eye, bud (of a plant), vision, mind’s eye» antler, eyelet, inoculate, monocle, ocellus, ocular, oculist, oculomotor, oculus, pinochle, trompe l’oeil, ullage
odium «hatred» odious, odiousness, odium
odor «smell» deodorant, malodor, malodorous, odor, odorant, odorous, reodorant
oleum «oil, olive oil» (from Ancient Greek) indole, linoleum, oil, oleic, oleum, petroleum
onus, oneris «burden, load, trouble, fetus» exonerate, onerous, onus
opacus «shaded, shady, dark» opacity, opaque, opaqueness
opinari, opinor «to suppose, deem, think» opination, opine, opinion, opinionated
optare, opto «to choose, select» adopt, adoptee, adoption, adoptive, co-opt, co-optation, co-option, opt, option, optionable, optional
optimus «best, very good» optimal, optimality, optimate, optime, optimism, optimist, optimistic, optimity, optimization, optimize, optimum, suboptimal, superoptimal
opus, operis «work» co-op, co-operation, cooperative, hors d’oeuvre, inure, maneuver, manure, oeuvre, officinal, opera, operable, operation, operand, operant, operate, operational, operative, operator, operose, opus, stover
orare, oro «to speak» orate, oration, orator, oratory
orbis «circle, wheel, disk, the disk or orb of the sun or moon» orb, orbit, orbital
ordo «order» ordain, order, ordinal, ordinance, ordinary, ordinate, ordination, ordnance, ordonnance, subordinate, subordination, superordinate, superordination
oriri «to rise» orient, orientate, orientation, orienteer, origin, originate, originator, origination, original
orcus «hellish» orc, ogre, ogress

P[edit]

palpare, palpo «to touch softly, stroke, pat» palp, palpability, palpable, palpate, palpation, palpiform, palpitate, palpitation
pandere, pando «to strech» expand, expandable, expander, expanse, expansible, expansile, expansion, expansive, pace, pacer, pass, passage, passenger, passport, surpass, trespass
pangere, pango «to fasten» compact, compaction, impact, impactful, impaction, impinge, impingement
pānis, pānis «bread, loaf of bread» accompaniment, accompany, appanage, companion, company, panada, panatela, panic grass, pannier, panocha, pantry, pastille, penuche
par «equal» compare, comparable, comparison, comparative, on a par with, parity
parare, paro «to prepare, provide» disrepair, empress, emperor, empire, imperial, imperialism, imperialist, imperium, parable, pare, prepare, preparation, preparatory, preparative, repair, repairable, reparable, repairer, reparation, reparatory
parere, pareo «to appear, come to light» apparent, appear, appearance, disappear, transparency, transparent
parere, pario «to give birth, produce» parent, parental
pars, partis «part, portion, share, fraction, side» apartment, bipartite, compart, compartment, depart, department, departure, impart, impartial, impartiality, parcel, parcener, parse, part, partial, partiality, participate, participation, participatory, participle, particle, particular, partisan, partita, partitive, partner, partnership, party, repartee
pater, patris «father» compadre, compatriot, expatriate, goombah, padre, pater, paternal, paternalist, paternalism, patri-, patriate, patriation, patriot, patriotism, patriotic, patrician, patrimony, patron, père, repatriate, repatriation
patrare «to perform» perpetrate, perpetration, perpetrator
pauper «poor» impoverish, impoverishment, pauper, pauperdom, pauperism, pauperize, poor, poverty
pausa «pause» pause, pose, repose
pāx, pācis «peace, treaty, compact, agreement» appease, appeasement, pace, pax, pay, peace, pacific, pacify
peior «worse» impair, impairment, pejoration, pejorative
pellere, pello «to drive» appeal, compel, compellation, compulsion, compulsive, compulsory, dispel, expel, impel, impulse, impulsion, impulsive, impulsor peal, pelt, poussette, propel, propeller, pulsate, pulsation, pulsar, pulse, push, repel, repellent, repulse, repulsive, repulsion
pendere, pendo «to hang» append, appendage, appendix, depend, dependable, dependence, dispend, expend, expenditure, prepend, spend, suspend, suspension
pendere, pendo «to weigh» dispend, dispensable, dispensation, dispensative, dispensatory, dispense, ponder, ponderous, preponder, preponderance, preponderant, preponderate
persōna, persōnae «mask, role, person» probably from Etruscan phersu «mask» impersonate, person, personable, personality, personalize
petere, peto «to seek, pursue» appetency, appetent, appetite, appetitive, appetizer, centripetal, compete, competition, competitive, competitiveness, impetigo, impetuous, impetus, perpetual, perpetuate, perpetuation, petition, petulant, repeat, repetition, repetitive, repetitiveness
pingere, pingo «to portray» depict, depiction, paint, painter, painting, picture, pictorial, picturesque, pigment, pigmentary, pigmentation, repaint
pīla, pīlae «pillar, pier» pile (heap), pillar
pīlum «spear, pestle» pile (foundation of a structure)
pilus «hair» pile, depilation, depilatory
plangere «to strike, beat, as the breast in extreme grief, bewail» complain, plangent, plaint, plaintiff, plaintive
planus «level, plain» explain, explanation, explanatory, plain, plan, planar, plane, planner
plaudere, plaudo «to clap, applaud» applaud, applause, explode, explosion, explosive, implode, implosion, implosive, plaudit, plausibility, plausible
plectere «to weave, braid» complex, complexity
plenus «full» plenty
plere «to fill» complete, completion, complement, complementary, compliment, compliance, compliant, comply, deplete, depletion, replete, repletion, supplier, supplement, supply
plicare, plico «to fold, weave, knit» appliance, applicant, application, applicable, applicability, apply, complicate, complication, explicit, explicate, explication, explicator, implicate, implicative, implicit, implicitness, implication, imply, plier, ply, simple, simpleton, simplex, simplicity, simplification, simplify
plus «more» plural, plurality, pluralism, plus
poena «punishment, pain» impune, impunity, pain, penal, penalize, penalty, penance, penitence, penitent, punish, punishable, punishment, penitant, penitence, punitive, repent, repentance, subpoena
polire «to polish» polish, polite, politeness
politia «the state» police, policy, polity
politicus «pertaining to the state» politic, political, politician, politicize
polluere, polluo «to soil, defile» pollutant, pollute, polluter, pollution
polus «pole» bipolar, polar, polarity, polarize, polarization, pole
ponere, pono «to set, place» appose, apposition, component, compose, composition, compound, deponent, deposit, deposition, depositor, depository, disposal, dispose, disposition, exponent, expose, exposition, expound, impose, imposition, opponent, oppose, opposition, pose, posit, position, positive, positivity, posture, postural, proponent, proposal, propose, proposition, propound, suppose, supposition, transpose, transposition
populus, populī «people, ation, public, crowd» depopulate, depopulation, depopulative, depopulator, people, populace, popular, popularity, populate, population, publican, publication, publicist, publicity, publicize, publish, publishability, publishable, publisher, republic, republican
portare, porto «to carry» comport, deport, deportation, disport, export, exportation, exporter, import, importance, important, importation, importer, port, portability, portable, portage, portamento, portative, porter, portfolio, purport, rapport, report, sport, support, transport, transportation
portio «a share, part, portion» apportion, disproportion, disproportionate, disproportionation, misproportioned, portion, proportion, proportional, proportionate, proportioner
posse, possum «to be able» (from potis) impossibility, impossible, impotence, impotent, possibility, possible, potence, potency, potentate, potential, potentiality, power, powerful, powerless
potare, poto «to drink» poison, poisoner, poisonous, potable, potion
praegnans «pregnant» impregnable, impregnability, impregnate, impregnation, pregnance, pregnancy, pregnant
pravus «crooked, deformed» deprave, depravity, depravation
prehendere, prehendo «to seize, catch, grasp» apprehend, apprehension, apprehensive, apprentice, apprise, comprehend, comprehensibility, comprehensible, comprehension, comprehensive, comprehensiveness, prehensile, prize, reprehend, reprehensible, reprehension
premere «to press, hold fact, cover, crowd» compress, compression, compressor, depress, depression, depressive, express, expression, expressive, expressiveness, impress, impression, imprimatur, imprint, oppress, oppression, oppressive, press, print, reprimand, repress, repression, repressive, sprain, suppress, suppression
primus «first» premier, primary, primate, prime, primer, primeval, primitive, prince, princess, principle, principal, principality
privus «single, every, one’s own, private» deprivation, deprive, privacy, private, privation, privatization, privatize, privy
probare, probo «to test, prove» approbate, approbation, approve, approval, probate, probation, probe, proof, provable, prove, reproof, reproval, reprove
proles «offspring» prole, proletariat, proletary, proliferate, proliferation, proliferative, proliferous, prolific, prolificacy
prope «near» approach, approximate, approximation, approximator, proximate, proximity, reproach
propitius «favorable, well-disposed, kind» propitiate, propitiation, propitious, unpropitious
proprius «special, particular, one’s own, proper» appropriate, expropriate, expropriation, expropriator, proper, property, propriate, propriety, proprietary
pubes «grown up, of mature age» postpubescent, peripubescent, prepubescent, puberulent, pubescent, puberty, pubes, pubis, pubic
pungere, pungo «to prick, punch» point, pointer, pointless, pointillism, punch, puncheon, punctual, punctuate, puncture, pungent, pungency
purus «clean, free from dirt or filth» depurate, expurgate, impure, impurity, pure, purge, purgation, purgatory, purify, purification, puritan, puritanism, purity, spurge
putare, puto «to estimate, reckon» account, accountability, accountable, accountancy, accountant, computation, compute, computer, count, counter, depute, deputy, disputatious, disputation, dispute, imputation, impute, putative, reputable, reputation, repute

Q[edit]

qualis «interrogative: of what kind» quale, qualia, qualification, qualifier, qualify, qualitative, qualitativeness, quality
quantus «interrogative: how much, how many» quanta, quantification, quantifier, quantify, quantitative, quantitativeness, quantity, quantum
quaerere, quaero «to ask, seek» acquire, acquisition, query, quest, question, questionnaire, conquest, conquer, conqueror, inquire, inquiry, inquisition, inquisitive, request, require, requirement, requisite
quiescere, quiesco «to keep quiet, rest» acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, quiesce, quiescence, quiescent, quiet, quietism
quot «how many» misquote, quota, quotable, quotation, quote, quotidian, quotient, quotiety, unquote

R[edit]

rabere, rabio «to be mad, rave» enrage, enragement, rabid, rabies, rage
rādīx, radicis «root, radish, foot, base» deracinate, eradication, irradicable, radical, radicality, radicle, radish, radix
radius «staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, a measuring rod, a semidiameter of a circle, a shuttle, spur of a bird, sting of a fish, the radius of the arm; by transfer, a beam of light, a ray» radial, radiate, radiation, radius, ray
ramus, ramī «branch, bough, genealogical branch» ramification, ramify, ramose, ramus
recuperare, recupero «to get again, regain, recover; to revive, restore» recover, recovery, recuperate, recuperation, recuperative
regere, rego «to rule, govern» address, addressable, deregulate, deregulation, direct, direction, director, directorate, directorial, dirigible, dirigisme, dirigist, dirigiste, downregulate, downregulation, dress, dresser, indirect, indirection, irregular, rector, redress, regent, regime, regimen, region, regular, regulate, regulation, regularity, regularly, rule, ruler, undress, upregulate, upregulation
reri, reor «to think, deem, judge» rate, ratifier, ratify, ratification, ratio, ration, rational, rationale, rationalism, rationalist, rationalization, rationalize, reason
rēs, (reī, rēī) «thing, matter, affair, object, circumstance» re, real, really, realistic, realist, reality, rebus, reify, republic, republican, res
rēx, rēgis «king» real, regal, regicide, regius professor, regulus, reign, rial, riyal, royal, vicereine, viceroy
ridere, rideo «to laugh at» deride, derision, derisive, ridicule, ridiculous, risible
rigere, rigeo «to be rigid» rigid, rigidity, rigidness, rigor, rigorous, rigorousness
ripa «a bank of a stream» arrive, arrival, river
rivus «a stream» derive, derivation, derivative, rival, rivalry, rivulet
robur «strength» corroborate, corroboration, corroborator, robust
rogare, rogo «to ask for, to propose a law» abrogate, abrogation, arrogance, arrogant, arrogate, derogate, derogatory, derogation, derogative, interrogate, interrogation, interrogative, interrogator, interrogatory, prerogative, prorogue, rogation, rogatory, subrogate, supererogate
rumpere, rumpo «to burst, break» abrupt, bankrupt, bankruptcy, corrupt, corruption, disrupt, disruption, disruptive, erupt, eruption, interrupt, interruption, irrupt, rout, rupicolous, rupture
rota «a wheel» rotatable, rotate, rotation, rotor, rotund, rotunda, round
ruber «red» & rubeo «be red» erubescence, erubescent, rubefacient, rubella, rubeola, rubescence, rubescent, rubicund, rubric, ruby
rūs, rūris «countryside, fields, farm, estate» rural, rustic

S[edit]

sacer «sacred» consecrate, consecration, consecrator, desecrate, desecration, desecrator, execrable, execrate, execration, sacral, sacrament, sacred, sacrifice, sacrificial, sacrilege
saeculum, saecula «generation, age» secular
salire, salio «to jump» assault, consilient, resilience, resilient, salience, saliency, salient, saltate, saltation, saltationism, sault, somersault
salus «health» salubrious, salutary, salutation, salute
salvus «safe» safe, safety, sage, salvage, salvageable, salvager, salvation, salvia, save, savings, unsalvageable
sancire, sancio «to render sacred, make holy» saint, sanctuary
sanguis «blood» consanguineous, consanguine, consanguineal, consanguinity, exsanguinate, sangaree, sangria, sanguine, sanguinary
sanus «sound in body; sound in mind» insane, insanity, sane, sanatorium, sanitary, sanitarium, sanitation, sanity
sapere, sapio «to taste, to discern, to be wise» sapid, sage, savant, savor, sapient
satelles, satellitis «bodyguard, attendant, sentinel» possibly from Etruscan satellite
scandere, scando «to climb» ascend, ascent, ascendant, ascendance, ascendancy, ascendency, ascending, ascender, ascension, descend, descent, condescend, transcend, transcendence, transcendent
scintilla «spark» scintilla, scintillate, scintillation, scintillator, stencil, tinsel
scribere, scribo «to write» ascribe, circumscribe, conscribe, conscript, conscription, describe, description, descriptive, descriptivism, descriptivist, descriptor, inscribe, inscription, prescribe, prescription, prescriptive, proscribe, scribal, scribble, scribe, script, transcribe, transcription
secare, seco «to cut» bisect, dissect, dissection, insect, intersect, intersection, resect, resection, secant, sect, sectarian, section, sector, segment, segmentation, trisect
sedere, sedeo «to sit» assess, assessment, assiduous, assize, dissident, insessorial, insidious, obsess, obsessive, possess, possession, possessive, possessor, preside, president, reside, residence, resident, séance, sedate, sedation, sedative, sedentary, sederunt, sedile, sediment, sedimentary, sedimentation, sessile, session, sewer, siege, subsidiary, subsidy, supersede, surcease
sentire, sentio «to feel, perceive» scent, sensation, sensational, sense, sensible, sensibility, sensitive, sensitiveness, sensor, sensory, sensual, sensuality, sensuous, sentence, sentential, sentience, sentient, sentiment, sentimental
sequi, sequor «to follow» consequence, consequent, consequential, executable, execute, executive, execution, executioner, executor, inconsequential, persecute, persecution, persecutor, prequel, prosecutable, prosecute, prosecution, prosecutor, pursuance, pursuant, pursue, pursuer, pursuit, sequel, sequence, sequent, sequential, subsequent, sue
serere, sero «to join or bind together» assert, assertion, assertive, assertiveness, desert, dissert, dissertation, exert, exertion, exsert, seraglio, insert, insertion, serial, seriate, seriation, series
servare, servo «to hold, keep» conservation, conservationist, conservatism, conservator, conservative, conserve, preserve, preservation, preservative, reservation, reserve
servire, servio «to serve» deserve, servant, serve, server, service, serviceable, servile
severus «severe, serious, grave in demeanor» severe, severity
signum, signī «sign, indication, proof, military standard» assign, consign, consignment, design, designate, designer, insignia, resign, scarlet, scarlatina, seal, segno, sigil, sign
similis «similar» similar, similarity, similarness, simile, simulate, simulacrum, simuland, simulant, simulation, simulator
singulus «single» single, singleton, singular, singularity
sinus «bend, fold, curve» sinus, insinuate, sinusoid
sistere, sisto «to stand, cause to stand, put, set up» (from stare) assist, assistance, assistent, consist, consistence, consistency, desist, exist, existence, insist, insistence, interstice, persist, persistent, persistency, resist, resistance, resistant, subsist, subsistence, subsistent
socius «a companion, fellow, partner, associate, ally» (from sequi) asocial, antisocial, associate, association, associative, associativity, desocialization, desocialize, resocialize, resocialization, sociability, sociable, social, socialism, socialist, sociality, socialization, socialize, societal, society, unsocial
solidus «solid» consolidate, consolidation, consolidator, soldier, solid, solidary, solidarity, solidify, solidity
solvere, solvo «to loosen, relax, solve» (from luere) absolute, absolution, absolve, assoil, dissolve, dissolution, resolve, resolute, resolution, soluble, solute, solution, solvable, solvability solve, solvent, solvency, solver
somnus «sleep» insomnia, insomniac, somnolent, somnolence, somnambulist, somnambulism, somnambulate, somnambulation, somnifacient, somnific, somniloquous, somnipathy
sorbere, sorbeo «to suck in» absorb, absorbent, absorption, absorbable, adsorb, adsorbent, adsorption, desorption, resorb, resorption, resorptive, sorption
spargere «to strew, sprinkle» asperse, aspersion, disperse, dispersion, sparge, sparse, sparseness, sparsity
specere, specio «to look at, behold» aspect, auspice, auspicious, circumspect, conspicuity, conspicuous, despect, despicable, despise, despiser, expect, expectable, expectancy, expectant, expectation, frontispiece, inspect, inspector, inspection, introspect, introspection, introspective, perspective, perspicacious, prospect, prospective, prospector, respecification, respecify, respect, respective, respite, retrospect, retrospection, retrospective, special, specialist, specialize, specialization, speciate, speciation, specie, species, specifiable, specific, specification, specificity, specify, specimen, specious, spectacle, spectacular, spectral, spectrum, speculate, speculation, speculative, speculator, speculum, spice, spy, suspect, transpicuous
spes «hope» (> sperare) despair, desperate, desperation, Esperanto, prosper, prosperity, prosperous
spirare, spiro «to breathe» aspire, aspiration, conspire, conspiration, expire, expiration, expiree, inspire, inspiration, perspire, perspiration, respire, respiration, respiratory, spirit, spiritual, spirituality, sprite, transpire, transpiration
spolium «booty, spoil» despoil, despoilment, despoliation, spoil, spoilage, spoliate, spoliation, spoliator, spoiler
spondere, spondeo «to promise, pledge, vow, vouch (for)» correspond, correspondence, despond, despondent, espouse, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, responsibleness, sponsor, spouse
stare, sto «to stand» arrest, circumstance, constancy, constant, constituent, constitute, constitution, constitutive, contrast, cost, destitute, distance, distant, establish, establishment, estancia, extant, instance, instant, institute, institution, obstacle, obstetric, oust, prostitute, rest, restitute, restitution, restive, stability, stabilize, stabilization, stabilizer, stable, stage, stance, stanch, stanchion, stanza, state, statistics, station, stationary, stative, stator, statue, stature, status, statute, statutory, stay, stet, substance, substantial, substitute, substitution, superstition
stringere «to draw tight, bind, contract» strain, strait, stress, strict, stringent, stringency
struere, struo «to heap up, pile, join together, build» construct, construction, constructive, constructor, destroy, destruct, destruction, destructor, infrastructure, instruct, instruction, instructive, instructor, obstruct, obstruction, restructure, structure, structural, substructure, superstructure
stupere, stupeo «to be amazed or confounded, be struck senseless» stupe, stupefy, stupid, stupidity, stupidness, stupor, stupendous
suadere, suadeo «to recommend, advise» dissuade, dissuasion, dissuasive, persuade, persuasion, persuasive, suasion, suasiveness
subtilis «fine, thin, slender, delicate» subtile, subtle, subtleness, subtlety
sumere, sumo «to take» (contraction of sub- + emō) assume, assumption, consume, consumer, consumerism, consumption, presume, presumption, resume, resumption, subsume, subsumption, sumptuary, sumptuous
super «over, above» (> summa) consummate, consummation, sum, summarize, summarization, summary, summation, summit, super, superior, superiority, supremacy, supreme
surgere, surgo «to rise, get up» resource, resourceful, resurge, resurgence, resurgent, source, surge

T[edit]

tacere, taceo «be silent» tacit, taciturn
tangere, tango «to touch» attain, attainment, contact, contagion, contagious, contingency, contingent, intact, integer, integral, integrate, integration, integrity, tact, tactile, tactility, tactual, tangent, tangible
tegere, tego «cover» detect, detection, detective, detector, integument, integumentary, protect, protective, protection, protectionist, protectionism, protector, protectorate, tegument
temnere, temno «to despise» contemn, contemner, contempt, contemptible, contemptuous
templum «temple» contemplate, contemplation, contemplative, templar, template, temple, templet
tendere, tendo «to stretch» attend, attendance, attention, attentive, contend, contention, contentious, extend, extensible, extension, extensive, intend, intense, intensification, intensifier, intensify, intension, intensional, intensity, intensive, intent, intention, ostensible, ostensive, ostentation, ostentatious, portend, portent, portentous, pretend, pretender, pretense, pretension, pretentious, pretentiousness, subtend, tend, tendentious, tendency, tension, tensor, tent
tenere, teneo «to hold» abstain, contain, containable, container, containment, content, continue, detain, detention, entertain, entertainer, entertainment, lieutenant, maintain, maintenance, obtain, pertain, pertinacious, pertinence, rein, retain, retention, retinue, sustain, sustenance, tenable, tenacious, tenant, tenement, tenet, tenon, tenor, tenure, tenuto
tentare «to handle, touch, try, test, tempt» attempt, tentative, tempt, temptation
terere, tero «to rub» attrit, attrite, attritee, attrition, attritor, contrite, contrition, tribulation, trite, triteness
terminus «a bound, boundary, limit, end» determinable, determinant, determination, determine, determiner, determinism, determinist, indeterminacy, indeterminate, interminable, non-determinism, non-deterministic, non-terminal, term, terminate, termination, terminative, terminator, terminus, terminable, terminal, terminality
terra, terrae «earth, land, ground, country, soil» fumitory, inter, Mediterranean, parterre, subterranean, terra, terrace, terracotta, terrain, Terran, terraqueous, terrene, terreplein, terrestrial, terre-verte, terricolous, terrier, terrigenous, territorial, territory, turmeric, verditer
terrere, terreo «to frighten, terrify» deter, deterrence, deterrent, terrible, terrific, terrify, terror, terrorism, terrorist, terrorize
texere, texo «to weave» context, pretext, subtext, text, textual, textile
timere, timeo «to fear» intimidate, intimidation, timid, timidity, timidness, timorous
titulus «title, inscription» disentitle, entitle, entitlement, half-title, mistitle, nontitled, retitle, subtitle, supertitle, surtitle, title, titular, untitled
torpere «be numb or stiff» torpor, torpidity, torpedo
totus «whole, entire» subtotal, total, totality, totalitarian, totalitarianism
toxicum «poison» toxic, toxicity, toxin
trahere, traho «to draw» abstract, abstraction, attract, attraction, attractive, attractor, contract, contraction, contractor, contractual, detract, detraction, detractor, retract, retraction, subtract, subtraction, intractability, intractable, trace, traceable, traceability, tract, tractable, tractability, tractor, treat, treatable, treatment, treatise, treaty
transire, transeo «to go across, pass over, pass through» (from «trans» + «ire») transience, transiency, transient, transition, transitional, transitionary, transitionist, transitive, transitory
tribus «tribe» ( > tribuere) attribute, attributive, attribution, contribute, contribution, contributor, distribute, distribution, distributive, distributor, retribute, retribution, tribal, tribe, tribelet, tribunal, tribune, tributary, tribute
tricae «trifles, toys; hindrances, impediments» extricate, extrication, intricacy, intricate, intrigue, intriguer, intriguery
trudere, trudo «to thrust, push» abstrude, abstruse, intrude, intrusion, intrusive, protrude, protrusible, protrusion
tueri, tueor «to watch, guard, see, observe» intuitional, intuitionism, intuitionist, intuitionistic, intuitive, intuit, tuition, tutelage, tutelar, tutelary, tutor, tutorial

U[edit]

ubi «where» ubication, ubiety, ubiquarian, ubiquitin, ubiquitous, ubiquity
ullus «any» annul, annuler, annulment, null, nullification, nullify, nullity
umbra «shade» adumbrate, adumbration, adumbrative, penumbra, somber, sombrero, umbrage, umbrageous, umbrella
uncia, unciae «a twelfth part» inch, ounce, uncial, quincunx
unda «a wave» abound, abundance, inundate, inundation, redound, redundance, redundancy, redundant, surround, undulate, undulation
urgere «to press, push, force, drive, urge» urge, urgency, urgent
uti, utor «to use» abuse, disuse, misuse, peruse, unusual, usage, usance, use, useful, usefulness, user, usual, usufruct, usurious, usurp, usury, utensil, utile, utilitarian, utilitarianism, utility, utilities, utilize, utilization

V[edit]

vacare, vaco «to be empty, void» vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation
vacuus «empty» evacuate, evacuation, vacuity, vacuous, vacuum
vadere, vado «to go, make one’s way, advance» evade, evasion, evasive, evasiveness, invade, invader, invasion, invasive, invasiveness, pervade, pervasive, pervasiveness
valere, valeo «to be strong, be worth» ambivalence, ambivalent, avail, countervail, convalesce, equivalent, equivalence, evaluate, evaluation, evaluator, invalid, invalidate, overvalue, overvaluation, prevail, prevalent, prevalence, reevaluate, reevaluation, undervalue, undervaluation, valance, valence, valency, valediction, valetudinary, valiance, valiant, valid, validate, validation, validity, valor, valuable, valuation, value
vastus «waste, desolate, vast» devastate, devastation, vast
vegere «to move, excite, quicken» vegetable, vegetarian, vegetarianism, vegetate, vegetation, vegetative
vehere, veho «to carry, bear, convey» convect, convection, vector, vehicle, vehicular
velle, volo «to wish, to be willing» benevolence, benevolent, malevolence, malevolent, velleity, volition, volitional, voluntarism, voluntarist, voluntary, volunteer
venenum «poison» venom, venomous
venire, venio «to come» advent, adventitious, adventure, adventurous, avenue, circumvent, contravene, convene, convenient, convent, conventicle, convention, coven, covenant, event, eventful, eventual, intervene, invent, inventive, inventiveness, inventor, inventory, misadventure, parvenu, prevenient, prevent, provenance, provenience, revenant, revenue, souvenir, subvention, uneventful, supervene, venire, venturous, venue
verber «a whip, rod» verberate, verberation, reverberant, reverberate, reverberation, reverberatory
verbum, verba «word, saying, expression, expression, proverb, verb» adverb, adverbial, non-verbal, proverb, proverbial, verb, verbal, verbalization, verbalize, verbatim, verbiage, verbose, verbosity
vergere, vergo «to bend» converge, convergence, convergency, convergent, diverge, divergence, divergency, divergent, verge
verna «a native» vernacular
vertere, verto «to turn» adverse, adversity, anniversary, aversion, avert, bouleversement, controversy, converse, conversion, conversation, convert, diverse, diversion, diversity, divert, evert, extrorse, extroversion, extrovert, introrse, introversion, introvert, inverse, inversion, invert, malversation, obverse, obvert, peevish, pervert, prose, retrorse, reversal, reverse, revert, sinistrorse, subversion, subversive, subvert, tergiversate, transverse, universe, versatile, verse, version, versus, vertebra, vertex, vertigo, vortex
vērus «true» veracious, veracity, verification, verifier, verify, veritable, verity, very
vestigium «footstep, footprint, track, the sole of the foot, a trace, mark» vestige, vestigial, investigate, investigation, investigational, investigative, investigator, investigatory
vestis «garment» devest, devestation, devestator, divest, invest, investor, investment, revet, travesty, vest
vexare, vexo «to disturb, agitate» vex, vexation, vexatious
via «way» convey, conveyable, conveyance, conveyee, conveyer, conveyor, convoy, via, viaduct, viary, viatecture, viatic, viaticals, viaticum, viator
videre, video «to see, look at, consider» advice, advisable, advise, adviser, advisor, advisory, belvedere, clairvoyant, enviable, envy, evidence, evident, improvisation, improvise, interview, interviewer, invidious, previse, provide, provision, provisional, prudence, prudent, purvey, purveyance, purveyor, purview, review, reviewer, revise, revision, revisionism, revisor, supervise, supervision, supervisor, survey, surveyor, television, vide, view, viewer, visa, visage, visibility, visible, vision, visionary, visit, visor, vista, visual, visualization, visualize, voyeur
vigere, vigeo «flourish, thrive, be lively» invigorate, invigoration, reinvigorate, reinvigoration, vigor, vigorous
vigil «awake» invigilate, invigilation, invigilator, vigil, vigilance, vigilant, vigilante
vīlla «country home, farmhouse, homestead» bidonville, nasty, villa, village, villain, villanelle, villein
vincere, vinco «to conquer» convict, conviction, convince, evict, evince, invincible, vanquish, victor, victorious, victory, vincible
vindicare, vindico «to avenge, vindicate, claim, punish» avenge, avengeance, avengement, revanche, revanchist, revenge, venge, vengeance, vengeful, vindicate, vindication, vindictive
vir, virī «man, husband, hero» decemvir, duumvir, triumvirate, virago, virile, virtual, virtuality, virtualization, virtualize, virtue, virtuous, virtuosa, virtuosity, virtuoso
vitium «fault, vice» vice, vicious, vitiate, vitiation, vituperable, vituperant, vituperation, vituperative, vituperator, vituperatory, vituperous
vivere, vivo «to live» convivial, devive, revitalization, revitalize, revival, revive, survival, survive, viability, viable, viand, victual, vital, vitality, viva, vivacious, vivid
volvere, volvo «to roll» convolve, convolute, convoluted, convolution, evolve, evolution, evolutionary, involve, involvement, revolve, revolver, revolution, revolutionary, voluble, volute
vovere, voveo «vow, promise; dedicate or devote to a deity» devote, devotee, devotion, vote, voter, vow
vox «voice» (> vocare) advocacy, advocate, advocation, advocator, advocatory, avocation, convoke, equivocal, equivocation, evoke, invocation, invoke, provocation, provocative, provoke, revoke, unequivocal, univocal, vocable, vocabulary, vocal, vocalize, vocalization, vocation, vocational, voice

Latin Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes Definition

It’s important to be aware of what roots, prefixes, and suffixes are, as they all help to determine the meaning of words. If you haven’t heard of these terms before, here are some definitions and examples:

Roots Definition

A root (also known as a base) refers to the core form of a word. It has a distinct meaning and can make sense on its own.

An example of a root word is ‘child.’ This word makes sense on its own and has its own definition. Nothing has been added to it.

A root carries most of a word’s meaning. Once you learn the root of a word, you will be able to construct new words. For example, take the verb ‘slow.’ This is a root word. You can add ‘ly’ to the end to turn it into the adverb ‘slowly.’ The ending ‘ly’ is known as a suffix.

Here’s a definition of suffix:

Suffix Definition

A suffix refers to a letter or group of letters added to the end of a root word to create a new meaning. Suffixes can be added to a root word for a variety of reasons, such as:

1. To change tense

Take the root word ‘paint‘ (e.g., I paint a picture). To change this to the past tense, you would add the ‘ed‘ suffix, which changes it to ‘painted.’

It is important to be aware that the grammar rules in English are not always consistent, and words are not always ‘regular.’ This means that the suffixes and prefixes added to words will not always be the same or follow the exact same pattern. For example, if you wanted to turn the verb ‘run‘ into the past tense, you would not add an ‘ed‘ suffix, as ‘runned‘ does not make grammatical sense. Instead, you would say ‘ran.’

2. To express plurality (more than one of something)

Take the singular root word ‘cup.’ If you want to make it plural, you would add the suffix ‘s‘ at the end, which changes it to ‘cups.’ This shows there is more than one cup.

The addition of ‘s/es‘ suffixes to create a plural does not always work… Take ‘sheep‘ as an example — the plural of ‘sheep‘ is still ‘sheep.’

3. To change the word class

Take the root word ‘agree’ (verb). To change this to an adjective, you would add the suffix ‘able,’ which changes it to ‘agreeable’ (adjective).

When ‘able‘ is used, sometimes letters from the root words get dropped. For example, adding ‘able‘ to the root ‘adore‘ does not make it ‘adoreable‘ — instead, it’s ‘adorable.’

Prefix Definition

A prefix refers to a letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a root word to create a new meaning. Prefixes can be used for a couple of reasons, including:

1. To negate a word (make the meaning negative)

Take the root word ‘legal.’ To make this negative, you would add the prefix ‘il’, changing it to ‘illegal.’

Fig. 1 — Illegal has negative connotations, whereas legal has positive connotations.

Other prefixes used to create a negative meaning are:

in- (e.g., incorrect)
im- (e.g., impossible)
ir- (e.g., irresponsible)
un- (e.g., unimpressed)
dis- (e.g., disapprove)

2. To show repetition

Adding the ‘re‘ prefix to the root ‘do‘ creates the word ‘redo‘, which means to do something again/more than once.

Sometimes, prefixes can be hyphenated so as to not be misread or mispronounced. This is often the case if the last letter of the prefix and the first letter of the root word are the same. For example, the word ‘re-enter‘ is often written with a hyphen — otherwise, it may be pronounced as ‘reen-ter.’

Latin Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes Example

Let’s look at some examples of roots, suffixes, and prefixes derived from Latin. Did you know these words came from Latin?

Latin Roots Examples

Latin Root	Meaning
Audire	To hear
Pac	Peace
Mens	Mind
Annus	Year/yearly
Cavus	Hollow
Densus	Thick
Frater	Brother
Lingua	Language
Solus	Alone/only

Latin Suffixes Examples

Latin Suffix	Meaning
able/ible	capable/worthy of (used to form adjectives)
ation	used to turn verbs into nouns
ty/ity	used to turn adjectives into nouns
fy/ify	to cause/make/become (used to form verbs)
ment	used to turn verbs into nouns
ic/tic	used to create adjectives
ion	used to turn verbs into nouns
arium	A place associated with a specified thing.

Latin Prefixes Examples

Did you know the ‘pre’ in the word ‘prefix’ is a Latin prefix itself? It derives from the Latin ‘prae‘, which means ‘before/prior to.’

Latin Prefix	Meaning
co-	together
inter-	between
dis-	not/not any
sub-	under
pre-	before
post-	after
re-	again
de-	away/off
non-	not

Latin Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes Words

Now that you know some Latin roots, suffixes and prefixes, let’s take a look at some English words that use them!

We’ll begin with the Latin root words and the English words that use these roots:

Latin Roots and English Words

Latin Root	Used in English words
Audire (to hear)	audible, auditorium, auditory
Pac (peace)	pacifism, pacify
Mens (mind)	mental, mentality
Annus (year/yearly)	annual, anniversary
Cavus (hollow)	cave, cavity, excavation
Densus (thick)	dense, density, condense
Frater (brother)	fraternal, fraternity
Lingua (language)	linguistics, bilingual
Solus (alone/only)	solo, sole, desolate

Latin Suffixes and English Words

Latin suffix	English words
able/ible	predictable, accessible
ation	information, imagination
ty/ity	equality, loyalty
fy/ify	intensify, purify
ment	amazement, statement
ic/tic	romantic, academic
ion	collection, invention
arium	aquarium, planetarium

Latin Prefixes and English Words

Latin prefix	English words
co-	co-occur, co-operate
inter-	international, intertwine
dis-	discomfort, disbelief
sub-	subway, submarine
pre-	preconceive, preview
post-	post-war, post-natal
re-	rearrange, remake
de-	decompress, deactivate
non-	nonsense, non-verbal

The Influence of Latin on English

Why does English have so many Latin words? One important term to discuss is…

Loanwords

Loanwords are words that have been taken from one language and integrated into the vocabulary of another. This is often done when two countries/cultures come into close contact, usually due to migration, trade, and/or war between countries.

During the Roman Empire, Latin was the lingua franca in most of Europe — a lingua franca is a common language used between countries that have different native languages. This means it was widely spoken and other European countries were often exposed to Latin vocabulary. Many English words were either directly taken from Latin, or new words were created using Latin roots, suffixes, and prefixes.

Below is a pie chart of the languages with the most influence on English. This shows the percentage of words in the English language that derive from each of these languages:

Fig. 2 — Pie chart showing the percentage of words in English that derive from other languages

Latin Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes Review

So, what do we now know about Latin roots, suffixes, and prefixes?

Here are a few key points:

A root is the core form of a word. It makes sense on its own.
A suffix is added to the end of a root word. This can be done to change the tense, express plurality, or change the word class.
A prefix is added to the beginning of a root word. This can be done to negate a word or show repetition.

If you are familiar with Latin roots, prefixes, and suffixes, you can use them to help determine the meanings of unfamiliar English words.

For example:

The word ‘indescribable‘ is made up of:

prefix: in
root: describe
suffix: able

From this, we can tell that:

The root word ‘describe’ means to give a detailed description or account of something.
But the prefix ‘in’ is used to negate the word — in this case meaning ‘not able to be described.’
The suffix ‘able’ means that the word is an adjective, so is used to modify a noun.

Latin Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes — Key Takeaways

A root refers to the base form of a word.
Examples of Latin root words include ‘audire’, ‘mens’ and ‘lingua’
A suffix is a letter/group of letters added to the end of a root word, whereas a prefix is a letter/group of letters added to the beginning of a root word.
Examples of Latin suffixes include ‘able,’ ‘ify,’ and ‘ment’
Examples of Latin prefixes include ‘co,’ ‘dis,’ and ‘re’

Источник

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Ann

— Meaning in English: Yearly

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Aqu

— Meaning in English: Water, sea

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Audi

— Meaning in English: Hearing, listening, sound

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Bene

— Meaning in English: Good

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Bi

— Meaning in English: Two

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Bibl

— Meaning in English: Book

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Cent

— Meaning in English: Hundred

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Circum

— Meaning in English: Around

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Civ

— Meaning in English: Citizen

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Clar

— Meaning in English: Clear

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Cred

— Meaning in English: Believe

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Dict

— Meaning in English: Say/speak

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Ex

— Meaning in English: Out

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Fract

— Meaning in English: Break

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Inter

— Meaning in English: Between

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Jur

— Meaning in English: Law

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Lax

— Meaning in English: Not tense

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Liber

— Meaning in English: Free

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Lumin

— Meaning in English: Light

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Magn

— Meaning in English: Big, great

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Mal

— Meaning in English: Bad

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Migr

— Meaning in English: Wander

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Multi

— Meaning in English: Many

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Neg

— Meaning in English: Say no

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Non

— Meaning in English: Not

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Nov

— Meaning in English: New

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Ov

— Meaning in English: Egg

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Pre

— Meaning in English: Before

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Prim

— Meaning in English: First

In addition to words that reflect this root’s origins in its most literal sense such as primary, primordial, and primitive, there are also words derived from this Latin root that more loosely means best-in-class, or top-tier. One such example is the word prime, most commonly used in reference to Amazon Prime, the membership service that provides expedited shipping and a catalog of member-only streaming content for Amazon customers.

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Proxim

— Meaning in English: Nearness

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Ques

— Meaning in English: Seek

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Re

— Meaning in English: Again, backward

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Retro

— Meaning in English: Backward, behind

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San

— Meaning in English: Healthy

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Sci

— Meaning in English: Know

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Scrib

— Meaning in English: Write

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Semi

— Meaning in English: Half

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Senti

— Meaning in English: Feel

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Soci

— Meaning in English: Group

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Sol

— Meaning in English: Alone

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Sub

— Meaning in English: Under

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Surg

— Meaning in English: Rise

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Tempor

— Meaning in English: Time

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Test

— Meaning in English: Witness

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Trans

— Meaning in English: Across

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Vac

— Meaning in English: Empty

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Vag

— Meaning in English: Wander

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Ver

— Meaning in English: True

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Vid

— Meaning in English: See, visual

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Uni

— Meaning in English: One

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Whenever learning a new language, students are often overwhelmed by the fact that they must study the grammar and vocabulary. Vocabulary can be tough for anyone, but especially for those learning a new language for the first time or one like Latin which not spoken. However, the vocabulary in Latin should be easier since Latin is integrated into many modern languages: French, Italian, Spanish, English, etc.

Here is a wonderful list of the most basic roots any Latin learner should know! This list is also helpful to anyone wishing to improve their vocabulary along with test taking skills. So, if you are studying for the GRE, MCAT, LSAT, or even the SATs; this is a great chart for you to study, make flash cared and improve your ability to dissect words to discover their meanings!

LATIN ROOT MEANING EXAMPLES ab-, a-, abs- away from, without abnormal, absent, abstain, avert acu- sharp acupuncture, acute, ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- movement to or toward; in addition to accept, adapt, affect, aggression, approximate, ascend ag-, act- do act, agent am-, amat- love amatory, amorous ambi- both sides ambidextrous, ambivalent ann-, -enn- year, yearly anniversary, annual, millennium ante-, anti- before, against antebellum,antediluvian anticipate, aqu- water aquamarine, aquarium, aqueduct audi- to hear, hearing audio, auditorium, audible aug-, auct- grow, increase augment, augend, bell- war antebellum, bellicose, belligent ben- good, well benefit, benevolent bi- two bicycle, binoculars, binary brev- short, brief abbreviation, brevity, cad-, -cid-, cas- fall cadence, accident, case caed-, -cid-, caes-, -cis cut scissor, incision, incisor cand- glowing, brilliant, shiny candle, incandescent, candor, cap-, -cip-, capt-, -cept- take, hold capture, captive, recipient, capit-, -cipit- head capital, precipitation, decapitation carn- flesh carnal, carnivore carp- wrist carpal tunnel syndrome, carpal cav- hollow cavity, cave ced-, cess- go proceed, procession, succession, celer- quick(ly) celerity, acceleration cent- 100 century, cent, ceter- other “et cetera” = “and the rest, others” circum- around circumference, circumnavigate, clar- clear, distinct clarity, declare con-, co-, col-, com-, cor- together community, coalesce, conjoined, corn- horn cornucopia, unicorn cred- believe, trust credulous, credit, incredible curr-, curs- run current (river), cursive de- away from descend, dementia dent- tooth, teeth dental, dentures dict- speak, say dictate, predict, dictionary doc-, doct- teach doctor, doctrine duc-, duct- lead conduct, produce, abduct, dur- hard durable, obdurate, duress ed-, es- eat edible, obesity ego- I, myself, the self egocentric, ego err- stray error, aberration extrem- outer most extreme, extremities, fac-, -fic-, fact, -fect- make, do manufacture, factory, fer- carry, bear transfer fin- end finish, finite form- shape form, formation, conform, deformity fort- strong fort, fortification frang-, -fring-, fract-, frag- break fracture, fragment, infringe fug-, fugit- flee fugitive, refuge fund-, fus- pour fusion, profuse, profusion, transfusion gen- race, kind genes, genetics glob- sphere globe, global grad-, -gred-, gress- walk, step, go transgress, gradations, regress grand- grand, big grandiose, grandeur graph- write, draw telegraph, graphite, grat- thankful, pleased gratitude, gratuity, grateful,ingrate grav- heavy grave, aggravation hab-, -hib-, habit-, -hibit- have habit, inhibit, prohibition, hom- same homogeneous hospit- host hospitality, hospital ign- fire, firey ignite, igneous rocks, ignition in- (1), im- in, on invite, incur, immitate in- (2), il-, im-, ir- not, un, no impossible, irrational, inappropriate, illegal inter- between intermission, intersection intra-, intro- within intramural, introspection irasc-, irat- be or grow angry irate, irascible is-, iso- equal isometric, isosceles triangle jac- lie adjacent ject- throw eject, reject janu- door, begin janitor, january jus-, jur- law jury, justice juven- youthful juvenal labor- work labor, collaboration lacer- tear laceration lact- milk lactate, lactose lamin- layer laminate larv- mask larva, lax- not tense relax, laxative, lax, leg- send legate, relegate lev- lift, hold elevate, lever, levitation liber- free liberty, liberation libr- book library, librarian lig- bind ligament lingu- language, tonigue bilingual, linguistics, liter- letter literal, literacy,obliterate loqu-, locut- speak, speech colloqual, eloquent, luc- light, bright lucent, lucid, Lucifer (bearer of Light) lumin- light luminous lun- moon lunar, lunatic magn- large magnitude, magnanimous manu- hand manual, manufacture man- stay permanent, remanence, medi-, -midi middle middle, medieval, median merc- reward, wages, hire mercenaries, mercantile min- small minute, minority moll- soft mollify, emollient morph- shape morph, morphology mov-, mot- move, motion motive, motivation, movie, motor, mult- many multiple, multiply, multitude nasc-, nat- born natal, native, nascent necr- dead necrophilia, necropolis noct- night nocturnal nu- nod innuendo nunci- announce pronunciation, enunciation ob-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, os- against obstinate, obstreperous, occur, offend, omit, oppose, ostentatious oct- 8 octagon, octopus, -oid -like asteroid (like a star) -onym name antonym, pseudonym orn- decorate ornament, ornate oss- bone ossification ov- egg ovum pac- peace pacifism pal- stake impale pand-, pans- spread pandemic pasc-, past- feed repast pati-, pass feel, suffer patience,passive pauc- few paucal, paucity, pecun- money pecuniary ped- feet quadruped, pedal pell-, puls- drive propellant,repellent pen- almost peninsula, penultimate, penumbra pent- 5 pentagon per- through permeate, persistence, pervade pessim- worst pessimistic pet- strive towards appetite, competition pil- hair depilatory, epilator ping-, pict- paint depiction, picture phon- sound microphone plas- mould plastic plac-, -plic- please placid, plan- flat explanation, planar, plane plaud-, -plod-, plaus-, -plos- approve, clap, applaud explosion, implode, plaudits, plausible plur- more plural, surplus pole-, poli- city metropolis, politics pon-, posit- put component, position, postpone prehend-, prend-, prehens- grasps prehensile, comprehend prem-, -prim-, press- press pressure prim- first primary, primeval, primitive priv- separate deprivation, privilege pro- forward procrastinate, propulsion, produce propri- property, ownership appropriate, property, propriety prot- first protoplasm, prototype proxim- nearest proximity pub- sexually mature pubescent, pubic pugn- fight pugnacious, repugnant pung-, punct- prick puncture, pungent puni- punish punishment, impunity, punitive purg- cleanse expurgate, purge qui- quiet quiet, requiem quot- how many, how great quotient rad-, ras- scrape abrade, erasure reg-, -rig-, rect- straight direct, erect retro- backward, past retrospect, retro, rid-, ris- laugh ridiculous, ridicule, derision rod-, ros- gnaw erosion, rodent rog- ask interrogation, derogatory rump-, rupt- break eruption, rupture, interrupt sacr-, secr- holy sacred, sacrosanct scand-, -scend-, scans-, -scens- climb ascend, descend, transcend scop-, scept look, examine telescope, microscope sec-, sect-, seg- cut dissect, section, segment, sed-, -sid-, sess- sit reside, supesede serv- save, serve conserve, serve, servitude sign- sign design, signal, signature sol- alone desolate, solitude spec-, -spic-, spect- look, see speculation, suspicious st- stand stasis, stable, station stingu-, stinct- apart distinguish, exstinct stru-, struct- build construe, structure sub-, su-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sus- under submarine, suppress, tac-, -tic- be silent reticent, tacit tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag- touch tangible, tactile tempor- time temporal, temporary tend-, tens- stretch extenuate, tension termin- end, boundary terminal, terminate terr- earth terra, terrain, subterranean test- bear witness testimony, testament tex-, text- weave (literal or words) textile, subtext, context, texture tim- be afraid timid, timorous torn-, tourn- turn, rotate tournament, tornado tot- whole, all total, totality trans-, tra-, tran- carry transport, transfer traum- wound trauma, traumatic tri- three triangle, trivia trin- three of each trinity, trinary ultim- farthest ultimate un- one unicorn, unicycle urb- city suburban, urban, ut-, us- use use, utility vad-, vas- go evade, pervasive vag- wander vagabond ven-, vent- come circumvent, convention ver- true, truth aver, veracious, verify, verisimilitude, verity vi- way via, deviate vid-, vis- see visual, vivid, video vinc-, vict- conquer victory, victor vit- life vital viv- live vivid, survive voc- voice vocal, invocation,

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Most of the words we use today are derived from Latin. So, why not understand how certain English words came about? Penlighten gives you information on the most commonly used roots, prefixes, and suffixes, and also chooses to give you their meanings for a better understanding. Have a read!

Long Live Latin!

Latin has given birth to many languages. The commonly used English words are mostly taken from Latin, almost 60% of the words. The use is made in all vast topics such as science, law, medicine, etc. Almost 80% of the scholarly English words are taken from Latin. Also, Latin is frequently used to write State or university mottos.

English is a language that draws its influence from so many languages with Latin being one of the most important contributors, as we said above. There is a deep, rich history explaining how it has influenced English. It all started in between the 6^th and 7^th century when the Christian missionaries got Latin religious terms to Britain. Also, Catholic monks wrote sacred text copies in Latin. Eventually, what happened was that, whenever they didn’t get a word in Old English, they would substitute it by Latin words. Such was the role of Latin in developing the foundation of the English language. Also, the influence of Latin, so to say, is lexical in nature, meaning most of the words are coined from Latin roots.

Elucidated below is a list of Latin roots, prefixes, and suffixes that are very often put to use; words that we often use in our day-to-day conversations but probably aren’t aware of how they all originated and what do they mean. The following sections will help you in understanding the English language better.

LATIN ROOTS

Roots	In English	English Examples
-dict-	to say	predict, contradict, dictate
-duc-	take, bring, lead	produce, reduce, deduce
-gress-	to walk	progress, digress
-ject-	to throw	inject, subject, project
-pel-	to drive	compel, impel, dispel
-pend-	to hang	depend, pendulum, pendant
-port-	to carry	support, export, report
-scrib-/-script-	to write	describe, transcription, prescribe
-tract-	to drag/pull	attract, extract, retract
-vert-	to turn	convert, divert, invert
-ambi-	both	ambiguous, ambidextrous
-aqua-	water	aquamarine, aquarium
-aud-	to hear	audience, audible, audition
-bane-	good	beneficial, benefactor
-cent-	hundred	percent, century
-duct-	to lead	induce, conduct
-fac-	make	manufacture, factory
-form-	shape	reform, conform
-fort-	strength	fortitude, fortress
-fract-	break	fraction, fracture
-jud-	judge	judiciary, prejudice
-mal-	bad	malfunction, malevolent
-mater-	mother	maternal, material
-mit-	to send	transmit, admit
-mort-	death	mortal, post-mortem
-multi-	many	multiple,multimedia
-rupt-	break	ruption, disruption
-sent-	feel/send	consent, resent
-spect-	to look	inspection, spectator
-struct-	to build	construct, destruction
-voc-	voice	advocate, vocal

LATIN PREFIXES

Roots	In English	English Examples
co-	together	coedit, coauthor
de-	removal/reverse	deactivate, decompress, defrost
dis-	not/opposite	disbelief, disrespect, discomfort
inter-	between	interjection, international, intertwine
non-	not	nonstop, nonviolence, nonsense
post-	after	postdate, postwar
pre-	before	premeditate, prepay
re-	again, back	remake, rewrite, rearrange
sub-	under	subway, substandard
trans-	beyond	transatlantic, transpolar
anti-	against	anti-clock, anticlimax
de-	opposite	decomposition, deforestation, devalue
-in/-im/-ir/-il	not	irrelevant, impossible, illiterate
mis-	wrong	misunderstand, misspell
over-	excess	overeat, overweight
semi-	partly	semifinal, semicorrect
super-	beyond	superhuman, superpowers
un-	opposite	unusual
under-	less	underestimate, understand
migr-	wander	migratory, immigrant
uni-	one	unify, unity
extra-	beyond	extraordinary

LATIN SUFFIXES

Roots	In English	English Examples
-able/-ible	forms adjectives	affordable, sensible
-ation	forms nouns from verbs	creation, information, automation
-fy/-ify	forms verbs	purify, acidify
-ment	forms nouns from verbs	entertainment, statement
-ty/ity	forms nouns from adjectives	certainty, similarity
-al, -ial	characteristics	facial, universal
-ed	past tense, adjectives	learned, talked

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The Roots of Words

Greek Root Words

Latin Root Words

Sources

marekuliasz // Shutterstock

Pra Chid // Shutterstock

Ann

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Aqu

adriaticfoto // Shutterstock

Audi

Evgeny Bakharev // Shutterstock

Bene

MAD_Production // Shutterstock

Bi

Yulia Grigoryeva // Shutterstock

For English Language Teachers or Those Looking to Get Started…

Bibl

frees // Shutterstock

Cent

Hurst Photo // Shutterstock

Circum

otomobil // Shutterstock

Civ

Maridav // Shutterstock

Clar

Halfpoint // Shutterstock

Cred

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Dict

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Ex

Canva

Fract

Vadim Sadovski // Shutterstock

Inter

Billion Photos // Shutterstock

Jur

Peera_stockfoto // Shutterstock

Lax

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Liber

Champiofoto // Shutterstock

Lumin

SDubi // Shutterstock

Magn

Charley Gallay/Getty Images for Disney

Mal

Fishman64 // Shutterstock

Migr

Hrecheniuk Oleksii // Shutterstock

Multi

richardjohnson // Shutterstock

Neg

Piyapong Wongkam // Shutterstock

Non

MyImages – Micha // Shutterstock

Nov

Krasula // Shutterstock

Ov

Fabrik Bilder // Shutterstock

Pre

Julie Clopper // Shutterstock

Prim

fizkes // Shutterstock

Proxim

Evgeniy Voytik // Shutterstock

Ques

Pixel-Shot // Shutterstock

Re

Andrey Bayda // Shutterstock

Retro

ThamKC // Shutterstock

San

sirtravelalot // Shutterstock

Sci

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