У слова instead — «вместо» есть две простенькие, но важные особенности. Они связаны с тем, что instead может использоваться как предлог «вместо», а может как наречие — нехарактерным для русского языка способом. Сейчас объясню понятнее.
Как предлог «вместо чего-то/кого-то», это слово используется с предлогом — instead of. После предлога используется существительное, местоимение или герундий:
I could make fried eggs instead of pancakes. — Я мог бы пожарить яичницу вместо блинчиков.
Take my flashlight instead of yours. — Возьми мой фонарик вместо своего.
Try helping next time instead of whining. — В следующий раз попробуй помочь вместо того, чтобы ныть.
Инфинитив после instead of не используется:
- Правильно: Instead of sitting around, why don’t you help us? — Вместо того, чтобы бездельничать, почему бы тебе не помочь нам?
- Неправильно: Instead of to sit around, why don’t you help us? — Вместо того, чтобы бездельничать, почему бы тебе не помочь нам?
Примечание: фразовый глагол sit around значит «бездельничать».
Instead как наречие
Как наречие, слово instead в английском языке значит «вместо чего-то, кого-то» и обычно ставится в конец предложения. Важно, что с ним не нужно называть тот предмет, вместо которого что-то делается, присутствует и т. д. В русском языке его называть нужно.
If you don’t have a screwdriver, you can use a knife instead. — Если у тебя нет отвертки, можешь воспользоваться ножом вместо нее.
Sorry, we don’t have any hot chocolat now, would you like coffee instead? — Извините, у нас сейчас нет горячего шоколада, не желаете ли кофе вместо него?
Ошибка, которую мы часто совершаем, следуя привычкам из русского языка, — это добавлять предмет после наречия instead. Делать этого не нужно — это излишне.
- Правильно: He took my pen and gave me a pencil instead. — Он взял мою ручку и дал мне карандаш вместо нее.
- Неправильно: He took my pen and gave me a pencil instead of it. — Он взял мою ручку и дал мне карандаш вместо нее.
Второй вариант с «pencil instead of it», в принципе, нельзя назвать совсем уж неправильным. Просто он звучит неестественно, лишние слова там ни к чему.
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English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English in stede of, in stude of (“instead of”, literally “in stead of, in place of”), equivalent to in + stead + of. Cognate with Saterland Frisian insteede, ansteede (“instead of”), West Frisian ynstee (“instead of”), German anstatt (von) (“instead of”), Danish i stedet (“instead of”).
Preposition[edit]
instead of
- In lieu of; in place of; rather than.
-
He walked to school instead of taking the car.
-
1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
-
Then we relapsed into a discomfited silence, and wished we were anywhere else. But Miss Thorn relieved the situation by laughing aloud, and with such a hearty enjoyment that instead of getting angry and more mortified we began to laugh ourselves, and instantly felt better.
-
-
Usage notes[edit]
- Instead of is always followed by a noun, pronoun or gerund.
Translations[edit]
in lieu of; in place of; rather than
- Albanian: në vend të, në vend që
- Arabic: بَدَلًا مِن (badalan min)
- Egyptian Arabic: بدل ما (badal ma)
- Moroccan Arabic: فعوض ما (f-ʿūṭ ma)
- Azerbaijani: əvəzinə, yerinə
- Assamese: -অৰ সলনি (-or xoloni)
- Bashkir: урынына (urınına)
- Belarusian: заме́ст (zamjést)
- Bengali: পরিবর্তে (bn) (poriborte)
- Bulgarian: вме́сто (bg) (vmésto)
- Catalan: en comptes de
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 代替 (zh) (dàitì)
- Czech: namísto (cs), místo (cs)
- Danish: i stedet for
- Dutch: in plaats van (nl)
- Esperanto: anstataŭ (eo)
- Estonian: selle asemel et, selmet
- Finnish: sen sijaan että, sen sijaan, asemesta (fi)
- French: à la place de (fr), au lieu de (fr)
- Galician: en vez de, en lugar de, en troques de
- Georgian: ნაცვლად (nacvlad), მაგივრად (magivrad)
- German: an Stelle von, anstelle von, statt (de), anstatt (de), anstelle (de)
- Greek: αντί (el) (antí)
- Ancient: ἀντί (antí) (+ genitive)
- Hebrew: בִּמְקוֹם (bimkom)
- Hindi: के बजाय (ke bajāy)
- Hungarian: helyett (hu), (if a gerund is expressed with a verb form) ahelyett, hogy
- Hunsrik: enstatt, statts
- Icelandic: í staðin fyrir
- Ido: vice (io)
- Indonesian: alih-alih (id), bukannya (id)
- Irish: in ionad, in áit
- Italian: invece di, invece che, anziché (it)
- Japanese: …の代わりに (…のかわりに, … no kawari ni)
- Korean: ~ 대신에 (ko) (~ daesine)
- Latin: pro (la) (+ ablative), (genitive +) vice (la)
- Macedonian: наместо (namesto), место (mesto)
- Norwegian: istedenfor (no), i staden for, i stedet for (no)
- Persian: به جای (be jâ-ye)
- Polish: zamiast (pl)
- Portuguese: ao invés de (pt), em vez de (pt)
- Russian: вме́сто (ru) (vmésto), взаме́н (ru) (vzamén)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: у̀мјесто, (Ijekavian), у̀место (Ekavian)
- Roman: ùmjesto (Ijekavian), ùmesto (Ekavian)
- Slovak: namiesto
- Slovene: namesto
- Spanish: en lugar de (es), en vez de
- Swedish: i stället för
- Telugu: బదులు (te) (badulu)
- Thai: แทน (th) (tɛɛn)
- Turkish: yerine (tr)
- Ukrainian: за́мість (zámistʹ), замі́сто (zamísto)
- Urdu: کے بجاۓ (ke bajāy)
- Vietnamese: thay vì (vi)
- Walloon: estô di (wa), el plaece di (wa)
- Welsh: yn lle
Anagrams[edit]
- Distefano
instead of
prep.
In place of; rather than: ordered chicken instead of fish.
Usage Note: Traditionally, instead of is a preposition used like rather than, and the two constructions are often used interchangeably: We had spaghetti instead of (or rather than) pizza. The constructions are frequently used with participles in comparisons in which the alternate entity is a main verb: Instead of (or rather than) taking the bus, we walked to the theater. Rather than has a further use as a conjunction when the comparison is of one main verb with another: We took the bus rather than walk. In these constructions, instead of is sometimes used as well—something that, under the word’s traditional categorization as a preposition, would seem a grammatical error. But in our 2005 survey, 63 percent of the Usage Panel allowed the sentence We would have liked to buy instead of rent, but prices were just too high. Writers should bear in mind, however, that this use of instead of is somewhat informal.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
instead
– instead of
1. ‘instead’
Instead is an adverb. You use it when saying what someone does rather than doing something else.
Hema did not answer. Instead she looked out of the taxi window.
I felt like crying, but I managed to smile instead.
2. ‘instead of’
Instead of is a preposition. You use it to introduce something that is not done, not used, or not true, in contrast to something that is done, is used, or is true.
Why not use your bike to get to work instead of your car?
You can have rice instead of potatoes.
You can say that someone does something instead of doing something else.
You could always go camping instead of staying in a hotel.
Why don’t you help, instead of standing there and watching?
Be Careful!
Don’t say that someone does something ‘instead to do‘ something else.
Collins COBUILD English Usage © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 2004, 2011, 2012
: in place of : as a substitute for or alternative to
chose tea instead of coffee
Example Sentences
Recent Examples on the Web
What is the benefit of using a waver instead of a curling wand?
—
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Last year, the state Senate expelled Democrat Katrina Robinson after she was convicted of using about $3,400 in federal grant money on wedding expenses instead of her nursing school.
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There is, however, another potential way to solve the N = 1 problem: instead of finding some second genesis for life, some scientists are seeking to create one.
—Shi En Kim, Scientific American, 6 Apr. 2023
Well, Arenado elected to stay put again this past winter instead of opting out, and the Rockies remain on the hook.
—Bob Nightengale, USA TODAY, 6 Apr. 2023
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—Mike Rodak | Mrodak@al.com, al, 6 Apr. 2023
Or the woman who had an affair with [Maroon 5 frontman] Adam Levine who everyone was so mad at instead of him?
—Amy Kaufman, Los Angeles Times, 6 Apr. 2023
But at most Transatlantic will inspire visits to Wikipedia instead of providing information on its own.
—Daniel Fienberg, The Hollywood Reporter, 5 Apr. 2023
But instead of working to make the scaling happen directly, the Ethereum crowd has instead relied on the L2 route.
—Kathleen Breitman, Fortune Crypto, 5 Apr. 2023
See More
These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘instead of.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.
Word History
Etymology
Middle English in sted of
First Known Use
13th century, in the meaning defined above
Time Traveler
The first known use of instead of was
in the 13th century
Dictionary Entries Near instead of
Cite this Entry
“Instead of.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/instead%20of. Accessed 14 Apr. 2023.
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Last Updated:
9 Apr 2023
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Merriam-Webster unabridged
We walked instead of driving.
Мы не поехали на машине, а пошли пешком.
Could I have tuna instead of ham?
Можно мне тунца вместо ветчины?
We have dry rot instead of the floor.
У нас уже не пол, а труха какая-то.
Instead of buttons, the jacket has toggles.
Вместо пуговиц на куртке имеются застёжки.
He just gallivants about instead of working.
Он тут только шатается, а не работает.
Authority is directional instead of coercive.
Авторитет направляет, а не заставляет.
They used English terms instead of Latin ones.
Они использовали английские термины /выражения/ вместо латинских.
ещё 23 примера свернуть
We use it instead of the stairs.» 
You probably picked up my keys instead of yours.
Instead of firing her, they put her on probation.
Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.
I mistakenly wrote her name as «Gene» instead of «Jean.»
Air-fresheners mask bad smells instead of removing them.
If you want to use cheese instead of chicken, that’s fine.
Для того чтобы добавить вариант перевода, кликните по иконке ☰, напротив примера.