Word meaning book like - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

1
read someone like a book

English-Dutch dictionary > read someone like a book

2
read somebody like a book

видеть насквозь

Of course I understand you, I read you like a book.

Англо-русский словарь идиом и фразовых глаголов > read somebody like a book

3
read smb. like a book

пpeкpacнo пoнимaть кoгo-л., нacквoзь видeть кoгo-л.

She had seen through me. She read me like a book (R. P. Warren)

Concise English-Russian phrasebook > read smb. like a book

4
read (smb.) like a book

Общая лексика:

видеть насквозь

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > read (smb.) like a book

5
read somebody like a book

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > read somebody like a book

6
read someone like a book

видеть насквозь, прекрасно понимать кого-л.

Новый англо-русский словарь > read someone like a book

7
read sb like a book

English to Turkish dictionary > read sb like a book

8
to read somebody like a book

English-spanish dictionary > to read somebody like a book

9
to read somebody like a book

redzēt kādam cauri; lasīt kāda domas; pazīt kādu ļoti labi

English-Latvian dictionary > to read somebody like a book

10
you can read him like a book

English-German idiom dictionary > you can read him like a book

11
read like a book

1) Общая лексика: видеть насквозь

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > read like a book

12
read like the book

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > read like the book

13
read one like an open book

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > read one like an open book

14
know smb. like a book

прекрасно понимать кого-л. , насквозь видеть кого-л. (прекрасно разбираться в чём-л.)

Florence: «My intuition about people is never wrong. I can read faces like a book. The first time I saw you my intuition said, ‘There is a weak man.’» (I. Shaw, ‘The Gentle People’, act II) — Флоренс: «У меня редкая интуиция, и я хорошая физиономистка. Как только я увидела вас, моя интуиция шепнула мне: «Это человек бесхарактерный.»»

She had seen through me. She read me like a book. (R. P. Warren, ‘All the King’s Men’, ch. X) — Сэди видела меня насквозь. Она читала в моей душе, как по писаному.

Large English-Russian phrasebook > know smb. like a book

15
read

(preterite, past participle read) [red]

a. [+ book, letter] lire ; [+ music, bad handwriting] déchiffrer

• to read medicine/law faire (des études de) médecine/droit

• the thermometer reads 37° le thermomètre indique 37°

• the letter reads thus… voici ce que dit la lettre…

* * *

1. [riːd]

noun

2. [riːd]

1) () lire [book, map, music, sign]

the card reads ‘Happy Birthday Dad’ — sur la carte il est écrit ‘bon anniversaire Papa’

3) () lire [braille, handwriting]

4) () reconnaître [signs]; interpréter [intentions, reactions]; voir [situation]

6) () relever [meter]; lire [dial]

Radio

Telecommunications

recevoir [person]

3. [riːd]

the document reads well/badly — le document se lit bien/mal

•

Phrasal Verbs:

••

English-French dictionary > read

16
read

(read)

1 კითხვა, წაკითხვა (წაიკითხავს)

to read aloud / to oneself ხმამაღლა / ჩუმად კითხვა

●●this sentence can be read in different ways ამ წინადადების შინაარსის გაგება სხვადასხვაგვარად შეიძლება

the letter reads as follows… წერილში შემდეგი წერია…

to read smb. a lesson ნოტაციის წაკითხვა (ნოტაციას წაუკითხავს), ჭკუის სწავლება

2 მკითხაობა (მკითხაობს), მარჩიელობა

English-Georgian dictionary > read

17
read

PHRASES:

to take sth as read etw als selbstverständlich voraussetzen;

we will take the minutes as read wir setzen das Protokoll als bekannt voraus

to have a quiet read ( fam) in Ruhe lesen;

to have a read of sth in etw akk hineinschauen ( fam), einen Blick in etw akk werfen

good/bad read spannende/langweilige Lektüre;

to be a good read sich akk gut lesen [lassen]

to read sth etw lesen; handwriting etw entziffern;

to read sth avidly etw leidenschaftlich gern lesen;

to read sth voraciously etw geradezu verschlingen;

to read a map eine Karte lesen

to read music Noten lesen

to read sth aloud [or out loud] etw laut vorlesen;

to read sb sth [or sth to sb] jdm etw vorlesen

to read an emotion ein Gefühl erraten;

to read sb’s face in jds Gesicht lesen;

to read sth in sb’s face jdm etw vom Gesicht ablesen

5) ( interpret) interpretieren, deuten;

if I’ve read the situation aright,… wenn ich die Situation richtig verstehe,…

to read sth for sth statt etw etw heißen;

on page 19, for Blitish, please read British auf Seite 19 muss es statt Blitish British heißen

to read sth etw Korrektur lesen;

to read a proof Korrektur lesen

pol, law

to read a bill/ measure eine Gesetzesvorlage/gesetzliche Verfügung lesen

to read sth etw ablesen;

to read a meter einen Zählerstand ablesen

to read sth etw anzeigen;

the thermometer is reading 40ºC in the shade das Thermometer zeigt 40ºC im Schatten an

to read sth chemistry, English, history etw studieren

to read a card eine Karte [ein]lesen;

to read data Daten lesen

13) radio, telec

to read sb jdn verstehen;

do you read me? — loud and clear können Sie mich verstehen? — laut und deutlich;

I don’t read you ich verstehe nicht, was du meinst

to read sb’s palm jdm aus der Hand lesen;

to read the tea leaves aus dem Kaffeesatz lesen;

to read sth in the cards etw in den Karten lesen

PHRASES:

to read sb like a book in jdm lesen können wie in einem [offenen] Buch;

to read sb a lecture ( form) jdm die Leviten lesen ( fam)

read my lips! hör [mal] ganz genau zu!;

to read sb’s lips jdm von den Lippen lesen;

to read sb’s mind [or thoughts] jds Gedanken lesen;

to read sb the Riot Act jdm gehörig die Leviten lesen ( fam)

to read the runes ( Brit) die Zeichen der Zeit erkennen vi <read, read>

to read avidly leidenschaftlich gern lesen;

to read voraciously Bücher geradezu verschlingen;

to read about [or of] sb/ sth über jdn/etw lesen

to read aloud [or out loud] [to sb] [jdm] laut vorlesen

to read well book, letter, article, magazine sich akk gut lesen

there was a sign reading ‘No Smoking’ auf einem Schild stand „Rauchen verboten“

5) theat, film

to read for a part sich akk in eine Rolle einlesen

to read for sth etw studieren;

to read for the Bar Jura studieren

PHRASES:

to read between the lines zwischen den Zeilen lesen

English-German students dictionary > read

18
book

∎ a book on or about gardening un livre de jardinage;

∎ humorous his little black book son carnet d’adresses;

∎ figurative her face is an open book toutes ses émotions se voient sur son visage;

∎ to read sb like a book or an open book lire à livre ouvert dans la pensée de qn;

∎ British to bring sb to book obliger qn à rendre des comptes;

∎ to do things or to go by the book faire les choses selon les règles;

∎ familiar in my book à mon avis^□ ;

∎ that’s one for the book or books! il faudra marquer ça d’une pierre blanche!;

∎ British that suits my book cela me va tout à fait;

∎ to make/to start/to keep a book on sth inscrire/engager/tenir un pari sur qch

∎ have you already booked your trip? avez-vous déjà fait les réservations pour votre voyage?;

∎ the performance is booked up or fully booked on joue à bureaux ou guichets fermés;

∎ familiar to cook the books trafiquer les comptes

∎ he’s on our books c’est un de nos membres; c’est un de nos joueurs; il est dans nos fichiers;

Accountancy book debts comptes

mpl

fournisseurs, dettes

fpl

compte;

book fair salon

du livre; foire

aux livres;

British book token bon

d’achat de livres, chèque-livre

;

Finance book value valeur

comptable, valeur de bilan

British

se faire enregistrer; prendre une chambre

inscrire; réserver une chambre pour

quitter sa chambre d’hôtel, partir

réserver, retenir;

réserver

ⓘ THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER Édité en 1549 avec l’assentiment du Parlement, ce livre de prières introduisit une réforme du culte public, alliant la solennité des cérémonies traditionnelles à un office simplifié en anglais.

Un panorama unique de l’anglais et du français > book

19
book

2 (division, part) (of novel, trilogy) livre

, tome

; (of poem, epic, bible) livre

; the Book of Genesis/of Kings le livre de la Genèse/des Rois ;

3 Fin (for recording deposits, withdrawals) livret

bancaire ;

1 ( reserve) réserver, retenir [table, seat, room, cabin, ticket] ; faire les réservations pour [holiday] ; réserver [taxi] ; engager [babysitter, driver, entertainer] ; to book sth for sb, to book sb sth réserver qch pour qn ; to book sb into a hotel réserver une chambre dans un hôtel pour qn ; I’ve booked him a room, I’ve booked him into a hotel je lui ai reservé une chambre (dans un hôtel) ; to be fully booked être complet/-ète ; Saturday’s performance is fully booked c’est complet pour samedi soir, on joue à guichets fermés samedi soir ; my Tuesday afternoons are booked je suis pris le mardi après-midi ; I’m fully booked this week je suis pris tous les jours cette semaine ;

3 GB Sport [referee] donner un carton jaune à [player] ; two players were booked deux joueurs ont reçu un carton jaune ;

▶ book [sb] in réserver une chambre pour.

Big English-French dictionary > book

20
book

book [bυk]

1) кни́га, литерату́рное произведе́ние

2) (the B.) Би́блия

3) том, кни́га, часть

4) либре́тто; текст ( оперы

и т.п.

); сцена́рий

5) конто́рская кни́га

6) сбо́рник отчётов (коммерческого предприятия, научного общества

и т.п.

;

тж.

books)

телефо́нная кни́га

9) букме́керская кни́га за́писи ста́вок пари́ ( на скачках); за́пись заключа́емых пари́

а) альбо́м ма́рок;

б) кни́жечка почто́вых ма́рок

12)

карт.

(пе́рвые) шесть взя́ток одно́й из сторо́н ( в висте)

◊

to read smb. like a book прекра́сно понима́ть кого́-л., ви́деть наскво́зь

;

to be in smb.’s good (bad, black) books быть у кого́-л. на хоро́шем (плохо́м) счету́

;

to suit smb.’s book совпада́ть с чьи́ми-л. пла́нами, отвеча́ть чьим-л. интере́сам

;

2) заручи́ться согла́сием; приглаша́ть; ангажи́ровать (актёра, оратора);

3) заноси́ть в кни́гу, (за)регистри́ровать

4) принима́ть зака́зы на биле́ты

Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > book

Источник

Meaning of Idiom ‘To Read Someone Like a Book’

To (be able to) read someone like a book means to understand someone completely and to be able to discern their thoughts, emotions, character, motives, desires, etc. 1Kirkpatrick, Elizabeth M. The Wordsworth Dictionary of Idioms. Ware: Wordsworth, 1995.,2Ayto, John. Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms. Oxford: Oxford U, 2010.,3Ammer, Christine. American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013.

See the related idiom an open book.

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Examples Of Use

“Don’t try to fool me, I can read you like a book!”

“I love to play poker with John. He always loses because I can read him like a book.”

“I tried to fool my wife the other day and told her I was at work when I was really out with friends. Problem is, she can read me like a book and I knew the jig was up as soon as I walked in the front door.”

Origin

Used since the mid-1800’s.

More Idioms Starting with R

More Book Idioms

More Like Idioms

More Read Idioms

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Источник

read (one) like a book

To easily analyze and thoroughly understand one, especially one’s emotions, motivations, etc. You won’t be a very successful thief with that nervous demeanor—the cops will read you like a book. I can read you like a book, and I can tell that something’s wrong, so please tell me what it is.

read someone like a book

Fig. to understand someone very well. I’ve got John figured out. I can read him like a book. Of course I understand you. I read you like a book.

read someone like a book

If you can read someone like a book, you find it easy to know what they are thinking. Very clever of them, that bit. They must have read me like a book. There are a number of books on the market which suggest that it is possible to learn to read a person like a book.

Collins COBUILD Idioms Dictionary, 3rd ed. © HarperCollins Publishers 2012

read someone like a book

be able to understand someone’s thoughts and motives clearly or easily.

Farlex Partner Idioms Dictionary © Farlex 2017

(informal) understand somebody so well that you can guess what they will say or do before they say or do it: She found that after living with him for a year or more, she could read him like a book.

Farlex Partner Idioms Dictionary © Farlex 2017

See also:

read like a book
read somebody like a book
read someone like a book
(one) can read (someone) like a book
read someone like an open book, to
read (one) like an open book
know (someone or something) like a book
know like a book
know like a book, to
take a long (hard) look in the mirror

Источник

Recent Examples on the Web

The yogi was an effortlessly beautiful fortysomething woman who appeared on the covers of books and magazines and headlined her own yoga retreats.

—Anna Holmes, The New Yorker, 1 Apr. 2023

No longer a niche game, it’s been played by more than 50 million people to date, according to Wizards of the Coast, the Hasbro division that owns D&D. The game has also moved beyond the tabletop to other mediums, including television, books and movies.

—Teresa Nowakowski, Smithsonian Magazine, 31 Mar. 2023

Aside from handing out 15 awards to TV shows, movies, musicians, books and journalists who reflected fair, accurate and inclusive representations of LGBTQ people and issues, the event also handed out three special honors to Bad Bunny, Christina Aguilera and Jeremy Pope.

—Kirsten Chuba, The Hollywood Reporter, 31 Mar. 2023

Its 745 glossy pages of text are adorned with scores of images—portraits, photographs, maps and frontispieces, each illustrating the myriad books, authors, artists, architects and historical events discussed in its 32 chapters.

—Barton Swaim, WSJ, 31 Mar. 2023

The Guardian | March 25, 2023 | 5,574 words In this excerpt from her book, Wavewalker: Breaking Free, Suzanne Heywood recounts the misery of her unconventional childhood.

—Longreads, 31 Mar. 2023

Gwinn, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist who lives in Seattle, writes about books and authors.

—Mary Ann Gwinn, Los Angeles Times, 30 Mar. 2023

Next up, books and fashion.

—The Editors, Town & Country, 30 Mar. 2023

Appraisers will be available to appraise cast iron toys, coins, pottery, china, collectables, furniture, guns, military items, antique weapons, dolls, teddy bears, engravings, art, jewelry, string instruments, books and more.

—Brendel Hightower, Detroit Free Press, 30 Mar. 2023

In addition to paying for the cruise itself, travelers can add things like a cabin upgrade or pre-book onboard amenities and shore excursions through the system.

—Alison Fox, Travel + Leisure, 8 Feb. 2023

Here’s the good: Officials said decades of relationship-building have allowed them to re-book critical revenue-driving conventions as early as 2022.

—David Woods, The Indianapolis Star, 29 Aug. 2020

Beamed directly to the book, and beamed (via an intra-book search) to the piece of information.

—Mark Changizi, Discover Magazine, 28 Oct. 2013

Entertainment Tonight shared the details of a multi-book deal worth at least $35 million.

—Diego Lasarte, Quartz, 6 Jan. 2023

Of course, there will be perks for Mercedes owners—they’ll be able to pre-book charging appointments and be prioritized by the network.

—Bryan Hood, Robb Report, 6 Jan. 2023

Multi-book reviews warrant much more space for overview and discussion.

—Keith Kloor, Discover Magazine, 18 Mar. 2010

Global users can now pre-book rides for every leg of their journey, each of which earns 10% back in Uber Cash to spend on future travels or food delivery orders.

—Matthew Humphries, PCMAG, 14 Nov. 2022

Hoping to replicate the success of Halo and its accompanying novels, Microsoft signed a multi-book deal with Tor, one of the most prominent science fiction and fantasy imprints, and brought on award-winning author Greg Rucka to helm the project.

—Greg Leporati, Washington Post, 17 Aug. 2022

Go book yourself a massage—your back will need it.

—Liz Kadar, ELLE Decor, 5 Apr. 2023

Shortly after the producers booked the show for a late 2020 run at the National Theater in Washington, D.C., the pandemic hit and the run was canceled.

—Melinda Newman, Billboard, 3 Apr. 2023

My husband booked it during the pandemic, in April 2021.

—Christine Chung, New York Times, 31 Mar. 2023

Don your favorite traction devices atop the canyon to crunch through seasonal ice and book a backcountry permit for late fall, winter, or early spring.

—Emily Pennington, Condé Nast Traveler, 31 Mar. 2023

She was taken to a hospital and then booked in the Fairfax County jail on Thursday.

—Olivia Diaz, Washington Post, 30 Mar. 2023

Opt to stay at one of the many beachfront resorts, like the Marriott Hilton Head Resort & Spa or the Omni Hilton Head Oceanfront Resort, or book a stay at a beloved boutique hotel, like The Inn & Club at Harbour Town. 2.

—Elizabeth Rhodes, Travel + Leisure, 30 Mar. 2023

To set up your registry, simply sign up through Bloomingdale’s website or book an appointment with a registry consultant.

—Kalea Martin, Peoplemag, 29 Mar. 2023

Find the perfect place, book a hotel and come up with an itinerary with your teen’s interests in mind.

—Nicole Johnson, Good Housekeeping, 29 Mar. 2023

See More

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘book.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Источник

like verb [T]
(ENJOY)

Do you like fish?

I like it when a book is so good that you can’t put it down.

I like the way he just assumes we’ll listen to him when he doesn’t take in a word anyone else says! (= I don’t like it and it annoys me.)

Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples

enjoyEnjoy your meal!
enjoy yourselfHe’s enjoying himself at his job.
likeI like hiking a lot.
loveAfter working in the garden, I love a good soak in the tub.
relishJonathan always relishes a challenge.
lap upHe lapped up all the attention they gave him.

See more results »

More examplesFewer examples

«Did you like the film?» «I thought it was brilliant.»
I’m one of the few people who doesn’t actually like champagne.
He used to like spending Friday nights with the boys.
It’s just as well you’re not here — you wouldn’t like the noise.
I like films with a lot of action.

SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

like verb [T]
(WANT)

SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Grammar

Idioms

like preposition, conjunction
(AS IF)

You look like you’ve just got out of bed!

Grammar

Idioms

Grammar

like adverb
(FEELINGS/SPEECH)

Then I saw how late it was and I’m like, so upset.

like adverb
(PAUSE)

Grammar

the like of someone/something; someone’s/something’s like

(also the likes of someone/something)

Boxing hasn’t seen the likes of Muhammad Ali since he retired.

He was a very great actor — we won’t see his like again.

They’re competing with the likes of Microsoft.

and such like informal (also and the like)

the things that someone enjoys:

not for the likes of someone informal (also like)

SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

like adjective
(SAME)

like adjective
(IN PHYSICS)

be like to do something old use

Grammar

Idiom

Grammar

like | American Dictionary

like verb
(ENJOY)

How do you like my new shoes?

like verb
(WANT)

Note:

Used with «would» to ask for something or express something in a polite way.

liking

Idiom

like preposition, conjunction
(SIMILAR TO)

I’ve got a sweater just like yours.

like preposition, conjunction
(AS IF)

as if it will or was; in a way that suggests:

Idioms

like preposition
(WILLING TO)

like preposition
(TYPICAL OF)

It’s not like you to be so quiet – are you all right?

like preposition
(SUCH AS)

Alonzo is not the kind of guy who would do something like this.

like adverb [not gradable]
(PAUSE)

Examples of like

If that, or something like that, is not the suggestion, then what is the point of the comment?

It does not have to be like this.

A first theme, like a gust of wind, uses the colours of the chords.

Like domestic policy, trade policy is subject to the influence of domestic veto players.

The «successful» governess, it seems, manages her pupils into «successful» betrothals — just like the marriage plot novel.

In a nonlinear environment, it would be enough to have locally increasing returns like setup costs.

To probe this issue further, workers were requested to list the things they liked about their companies and things they did not like.

At the same time, they centre on organizations that, like parties, are in direct competition with each other.

Like the radius function, it is piecewise sinusoidal.

Not only primates and cetaceans, but also other long-lived mammals, like elephants, have females playing active (crucial) post-reproductive roles.

Some demonstrated the use of technical language, for example ‘it did sound very like a scale’.

Such children, we are told, look like animals and show no trace of intelligence.

I would like to know why they took place.

The back of the menu, like the club name, inverted another old female stereotype, this time women’s supposed cattiness among themselves.

Symbolic appeals, like the applications of rules, ought to be sensitive to special circumstances.

These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.

Источник

Other forms: bookishly

Someone bookish likes books a lot. They’re either studious or always seem to be reading.

Some people don’t like studying. Others like studying a lot: it seems like their head is always in a book. Someone like that can be called bookish, because they are reading books all the time. Being bookish can mean someone is studious: an honors student is likely very bookish. Being bookish can also mean someone just enjoys reading. People in a book club are definitely bookish. This is a word for devoted readers.

Definitions of bookish

adjective

characterized by diligent study and fondness for reading

“a
bookish farmer who always had a book in his pocket”

synonyms:

studious

scholarly

characteristic of scholars or scholarship

DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘bookish’.
Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Vocabulary.com or its editors.
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Источник

Meaning of SPEAK LIKE A BOOK in English

report facts, provide facts

Explanatory English dictionary bed edition.

Толковый словарь английского языка Редакция bed.
2012

Источник

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Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:

1 слайд

Word Meaning
Lecture # 6
Grigoryeva M.
2 слайд

Word Meaning

Approaches to word meaning

Meaning and Notion (понятие)

Types of word meaning

Types of morpheme meaning

Motivation
3 слайд

Each word has two aspects:

the outer aspect
( its sound form)
cat

the inner aspect
(its meaning)
long-legged, fury animal with sharp teeth
and claws
4 слайд

Sound and meaning do not always constitute a constant unit even in the same language

EX a temple

a part of a human head
a large church
5 слайд

Semantics (Semasiology)
Is a branch of lexicology which studies the
meaning of words and word equivalents
6 слайд

Approaches to Word Meaning
The Referential (analytical) approach

The Functional (contextual) approach

Operational (information-oriented) approach
7 слайд

The Referential (analytical) approach
formulates the essence of meaning by establishing the interdependence between words and things or concepts they denote

distinguishes between three components closely connected with meaning:
the sound-form of the linguistic sign,
the concept
the actual referent
8 слайд

Basic Triangle
concept (thought, reference) – the thought of the object that singles out its essential features
referent – object denoted by the word, part of reality
sound-form (symbol, sign) – linguistic sign
concept – flower

sound-form referent
[rәuz]
9 слайд

In what way does meaning correlate with
each element of the triangle ?

In what relation does meaning stand to
each of them?
10 слайд

Meaning and Sound-form
are not identical
different
EX. dove — [dΛv] English sound-forms
[golub’] Russian BUT
[taube] German
the same meaning
11 слайд

Meaning and Sound-form
nearly identical sound-forms have different meanings in different languages
EX. [kot] Russian – a male cat
[kot] English – a small bed for a child

identical sound-forms have different meanings (‘homonyms)
EX. knight [nait]
night [nait]
12 слайд

Meaning and Sound-form
even considerable changes in sound-form do not affect the meaning

EX Old English lufian [luvian] – love [l Λ v]
13 слайд

Meaning and Concept
concept is a category of human cognition

concept is abstract and reflects the most common and typical features of different objects and phenomena in the world

meanings of words are different in different languages
14 слайд

Meaning and Concept
identical concepts may have different semantic structures in different languages

EX. concept “a building for human habitation” –
English Russian
HOUSE ДОМ

+ in Russian ДОМ
“fixed residence of family or household”
In English HOME
15 слайд

Meaning and Referent

one and the same object (referent) may be denoted by more than one word of a different meaning
cat
pussy
animal
tiger
16 слайд

Meaning
is not identical with any of the three points of the triangle –
the sound form,
the concept
the referent

BUT
is closely connected with them.
17 слайд

Functional Approach
studies the functions of a word in speech
meaning of a word is studied through relations of it with other linguistic units
EX. to move (we move, move a chair)
movement (movement of smth, slow movement)

The distriution ( the position of the word in relation to
others) of the verb to move and a noun movement is
different as they belong to different classes of words and
their meanings are different
18 слайд

Operational approach
is centered on defining meaning through its role in
the process of communication

EX John came at 6
Beside the direct meaning the sentence may imply that:
He was late
He failed to keep his promise
He was punctual as usual
He came but he didn’t want to

The implication depends on the concrete situation
19 слайд

Lexical Meaning and Notion
Notion denotes the reflection in the mind of real objects

Notion is a unit of thinking
Lexical meaning is the realization of a notion by means of a definite language system
Word is a language unit
20 слайд

Lexical Meaning and Notion
Notions are international especially with the nations of the same cultural level

Meanings are nationally limited

EX GO (E) —- ИДТИ(R)
“To move”
BUT !!!
To GO by bus (E)
ЕХАТЬ (R)

EX Man -мужчина, человек
Она – хороший человек (R)
She is a good person (E)
21 слайд

Types of Meaning
Types of meaning

grammatical
meaning

lexico-grammatical
meaning
lexical meaning
denotational
connotational
22 слайд

Grammatical Meaning
component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different words

EX. girls, winters, toys, tables –
grammatical meaning of plurality

asked, thought, walked –
meaning of past tense
23 слайд

Lexico-grammatical meaning
(part –of- speech meaning)
is revealed in the classification of lexical items into:
major word classes (N, V, Adj, Adv)
minor ones (artc, prep, conj)

words of one lexico-grammatical class have the same paradigm
24 слайд

Lexical Meaning
is the meaning proper to the given linguistic unit in all its forms and distributions

EX . Go – goes — went
lexical meaning – process of movement
25 слайд

PRACTICE
Group the words into 3 column according to the grammatical, lexical or part-of –speech meaning
Boy’s, nearest, at, beautiful,
think, man, drift, wrote,
tremendous, ship’s, the most beautiful,
table, near, for, went, friend’s,
handsome, thinking, boy,
nearer, thought, boys,
lamp, go, during.
26 слайд

Grammatical
The case of nouns: boy’s, ship’s, friend’s
The degree of comparison of adj: nearest, the most beautiful
The tense of verbs: wrote, went, thought

Lexical
Think, thinking, thought
Went, go
Boy’s, boy, boys
Nearest, near, nearer
At, for, during (“time”)
Beautiful, the most beautiful

Part-of-speech
Nouns—verbs—adj—-prep
27 слайд

Aspects of Lexical meaning
The denotational aspect

The connotational aspect

The pragmatic aspect
28 слайд

Denotational Meaning
“denote” – to be a sign of, stand as a symbol for”

establishes the correlation between the name and the object
makes communication possible

EX booklet
“a small thin book that gives info about smth”
29 слайд

PRACTICE
Explain denotational meaning

A lion-hunter
To have a heart like a lion
To feel like a lion
To roar like a lion
To be thrown to the lions
The lion’s share
To put your head in lion’s mouth
30 слайд

PRACTICE

A lion-hunter
A host that seeks out celebrities to impress guests
To have a heart like a lion
To have great courage
To feel like a lion
To be in the best of health
To roar like a lion
To shout very loudly
To be thrown to the lions
To be criticized strongly or treated badly
The lion’s share
Much more than one’s share
To put your head in lion’s mouth
31 слайд

Connotational Meaning
reflects the attitude of the speaker towards what he speaks about
it is optional – a word either has it or not

Connotation gives additional information and includes:
The emotive charge EX Daddy (for father)
Intensity EX to adore (for to love)
Imagery EX to wade through a book
“ to walk with an effort”
32 слайд

PRACTICE
Give possible interpretation of the sentences

She failed to buy it and felt a strange pang.
Don’t be afraid of that woman! It’s just barking!
He got up from his chair moving slowly, like an old man.
The girl went to her father and pulled his sleeve.
He was longing to begin to be generous.
She was a woman with shiny red hands and work-swollen finger knuckles.
33 слайд

PRACTICE
Give possible interpretation of the sentences
She failed to buy it and felt a strange pang.
(pain—dissatisfaction that makes her suffer)
Don’t be afraid of that woman! It’s just barking!
(make loud sharp sound—-the behavior that implies that the person is frightened)
He got up from his chair moving slowly, like an old man.
(to go at slow speed—was suffering or was ill)
The girl went to her father and pulled his sleeve.
(to move smth towards oneself— to try to attract smb’s attention)
He was longing to begin to be generous.
(to start doing— hadn’t been generous before)
She was a woman with shiny red hands and work-swollen finger knuckles.
(colour— a labourer involved into physical work ,constant contact with water)
34 слайд

The pragmatic aspect of lexical meaning

the situation in which the word is uttered,
the social circumstances (formal, informal, etc.),
social relationships between the interlocutors (polite, rough, etc.),
the type and purpose of communication (poetic, official, etc.)

EX horse (neutral)
steed (poetic)
nag (slang)
gee-gee (baby language)
35 слайд

PRACTICE
State what image underline the meaning

I heard what she said but it didn’t sink into my mind.
You should be ashamed of yourself, crawling to the director like that.
They seized on the idea.
Bill, chasing some skirt again?
I saw him dive into a small pub.
Why are you trying to pin the blame on me?
He only married her for her dough.
36 слайд

PRACTICE
State what image underline the meaning
I heard what she said but it didn’t sink into my mind.
(to understand completely)
You should be ashamed of yourself, crawling to the director like that.
(to behave humbly in order to win favour)
They seized on the idea.
(to be eager to take and use)
Bill, chasing some skirt again?
(a girl)
I saw him dive into a small pub.
(to enter suddenly)
Why are you trying to pin the blame on me?
(to blame smb unfairly)
He only married her for her dough.
(money)
37 слайд

Types of Morpheme Meaning
lexical
differential
functional
distributional
38 слайд

Lexical Meaning in Morphemes
root-morphemes that are homonymous to words possess lexical meaning
EX. boy – boyhood – boyish

affixes have lexical meaning of a more generalized character
EX. –er “agent, doer of an action”
39 слайд

Lexical Meaning in Morphemes
has denotational and connotational components
EX. –ly, -like, -ish –
denotational meaning of similiarity
womanly , womanish

connotational component –
-ly (positive evaluation), -ish (deragotary) женственный — женоподобный
40 слайд

Differential Meaning
a semantic component that serves to distinguish one word from all others containing identical morphemes

EX. cranberry, blackberry, gooseberry
41 слайд

Functional Meaning
found only in derivational affixes
a semantic component which serves to
refer the word to the certain part of speech

EX. just, adj. – justice, n.
42 слайд

Distributional Meaning
the meaning of the order and the arrangement of morphemes making up the word
found in words containing more than one morpheme
different arrangement of the same morphemes would make the word meaningless
EX. sing- + -er =singer,
-er + sing- = ?
43 слайд

Motivation
denotes the relationship between the phonetic or morphemic composition and structural pattern of the word on the one hand, and its meaning on the other

can be phonetical
morphological
semantic
44 слайд

Phonetical Motivation
when there is a certain similarity between the sounds that make up the word and those produced by animals, objects, etc.

EX. sizzle, boom, splash, cuckoo
45 слайд

Morphological Motivation
when there is a direct connection between the structure of a word and its meaning
EX. finger-ring – ring-finger,

A direct connection between the lexical meaning of the component morphemes
EX think –rethink “thinking again”
46 слайд

Semantic Motivation
based on co-existence of direct and figurative meanings of the same word

EX a watchdog –
”a dog kept for watching property”

a watchdog –
“a watchful human guardian” (semantic motivation)
48 слайд

Analyze the meaning of the words.
Define the type of motivation
a) morphologically motivated
b) semantically motivated

Driver
Leg
Horse
Wall
Hand-made
Careless
piggish
49 слайд

Analyze the meaning of the words.
Define the type of motivation
a) morphologically motivated
b) semantically motivated
Driver
Someone who drives a vehicle
morphologically motivated
Leg
The part of a piece of furniture such as a table
semantically motivated
Horse
A piece of equipment shaped like a box, used in gymnastics
semantically motivated
50 слайд

Wall
Emotions or behavior preventing people from feeling close
semantically motivated
Hand-made
Made by hand, not machine
morphologically motivated
Careless
Not taking enough care
morphologically motivated
Piggish
Selfish
semantically motivated
51 слайд

I heard what she said but it didn’t sink in my mind
“do down to the bottom”
‘to be accepted by mind” semantic motivation

Why are you trying to pin the blame on me?
“fasten smth somewhere using a pin” –
”to blame smb” semantic motivation

I was following the man when he dived into a pub.
“jump into deep water” –
”to enter into suddenly” semantic motivation

You should be ashamed of yourself, crawling to the director like that
“to move along on hands and knees close to the ground” –
“to behave very humbly in order to win favor” semantic motivation

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Источник

Meaning of Idiom ‘To Read Someone Like a Book’

Examples Of Use

Origin

read (one) like a book

read someone like a book

read someone like a book

read someone like a book

like verb [T] (ENJOY)

like verb [T] (WANT)

Grammar

Idioms

like preposition, conjunction (AS IF)

Grammar

Idioms

Grammar

like adverb (FEELINGS/SPEECH)

like adverb (PAUSE)

Grammar

like adjective (SAME)

like adjective (IN PHYSICS)

Grammar

Idiom

Grammar

like | American Dictionary

like verb (ENJOY)

like verb (WANT)

Note:

liking

Idiom

like preposition, conjunction (SIMILAR TO)

like preposition, conjunction (AS IF)

Idioms

Idioms

like preposition (WILLING TO)

like preposition (TYPICAL OF)

like preposition (SUCH AS)

like adverb [not gradable] (PAUSE)

Examples of like

Look up bookish for the last time

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Meaning of SPEAK LIKE A BOOK in English

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like verb [T]
(ENJOY)

like verb [T]
(WANT)

like preposition, conjunction
(AS IF)

like adverb
(FEELINGS/SPEECH)

like adverb
(PAUSE)

like adjective
(SAME)

like adjective
(IN PHYSICS)

like verb
(ENJOY)

like verb
(WANT)

like preposition, conjunction
(SIMILAR TO)

like preposition, conjunction
(AS IF)

like preposition
(WILLING TO)

like preposition
(TYPICAL OF)

like preposition
(SUCH AS)

like adverb [not gradable]
(PAUSE)