Word hip hop dance

Hip-hop dance
A b-boy performing in Turkey surrounded by a group of spectators

A b-boy performing in Turkey surrounded by a group of spectators.

Primary influences
Breaking – Locking – Popping
Derivative styles
Street Memphis Jookin’ – Turfing – Jerkin’ – Krumping
Studio Commercial/New Style – Jazz-funk – Lyrical hip hop
Cultural Markers
Origins Turntables – Hip hop music – Social dancing/Party dancing — African-American culture
Attributes Crews – Freestyle – Battles

Hip hop dance is a range of street dance styles primarily performed to hip hop music or that have evolved as part of hip hop culture. It is influenced by a wide range of styles that were created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States. The television show Soul Train and the 1980s films Breakin’, Beat Street, and Wild Style showcased these crews and dance styles in their early stages; therefore, giving hip-hop dance mainstream exposure.

The dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called «new style»—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called «jazz-funk». Classically trained dancers developed these studio styles in order to create choreography from the hip-hop dances that were performed on the street. Because of this development, hip-hop dance is practiced in both dance studios and outdoor spaces.

The commercialization of hip-hop dance continued into the 1990s and 2000s with the production of several television shows and movies such as The Grind, Planet B-Boy, Rize, StreetDance 3D, America’s Best Dance Crew, Saigon Electric, the Step Up film series, and The LXD, a web series. Though the dance is established in entertainment, including mild representation in theater, it maintains a strong presence in urban neighborhoods which has led to the creation of street dance derivatives Memphis jookin, turfing, jerkin’, and krump. What distinguishes hip-hop from other forms of dance is that it is often «freestyle» (improvisational) in nature and hip-hop dance crews often engage in freestyle dance competitions—colloquially referred to as «battles».

Films, television shows, and the Internet have contributed to introducing hip-hop dance outside the United States. Since being exposed, educational opportunities and corporate dance competitions such as World of Dance and Hip Hop International have helped maintain its presence worldwide. Hip-hop dance can be a form of entertainment or a hobby. It can also be a way to stay active in competitive dance and a way to make a living by dancing professionally.

History[edit]

Hip-hop dance is a fusion dance genre with influences from older street dance styles created in the 1970s. These include uprock, breaking, and the funk styles.[1] Breaking was created in The Bronx, New York in the early 1970s.[2] In its earliest form, it began as elaborations on James Brown’s «Good Foot» dance which debuted in 1972.[1][3][4] Breaking at this period was not primarily floor-oriented as seen today; it started out as toprock which dancers perform while standing up. An influence on toprock was uprock[5] which was created in Brooklyn, New York.[6][7] Uprock looks similar to toprock, but it is more aggressive and looks like a fight. Uprock is also performed with partners, but in toprock—and in breaking in general—each person takes turns dancing.[8] In 1973, DJ Kool Herc invented the break beat.[9][10] A break beat is a rhythmic, musical interlude of a song that has been looped over and over again to extend that instrumental solo. Kool Herc did this to provide a means for dancers who attended his parties to demonstrate their skills.[10] B-boy and b-girl stands for «break-boy» and «break-girl»; b-boys and b-girls dance to the break of a record.[10] Further influenced by martial arts[11] and gymnastics, breaking went from being a purely upright dance style—toprock only—to becoming more floor-oriented.

At the same time that breaking was developing in New York, other styles were being created in California. The funk styles refer to several street dance styles created in California in the 1970s such as roboting, bopping, hitting, locking, bustin’, popping, boogaloo, strutting, sac-ing, and dime-stopping.[12] Out of all of these dances, Boogaloo is one of the oldest. It started out as a 1960s fad dance and was the subject of several songs released during that time such as «Do the Boogaloo» and «My Baby Likes to Boogaloo». From being a fad, it developed into a street dance style called Boogaloo in Oakland, CA, as well as a separate music genre called Latin boogaloo. The most popular and widely practiced of the funk styles are Locking and popping.[13] The television show Soul Train played a large role in giving these styles commercial exposure. Both The Lockers and The Electric Boogaloos—dance crews responsible for the spread of locking and popping—performed on this show.[14]

It is historically inaccurate to say that the funk styles were always considered hip-hop.[15] In an interview with Racked, Moncell Durden, assistant dance professor at the University of Southern California, is quoted as saying «Hip-hop dance involves two dances: breaking and social dances. That’s it. Nothing else is hip-hop.»[16][17] The funk styles were adopted into hip-hop in large part due to the media.[15] The media identified these styles as «breakdance» which caused confusion about their origin.[18][19] They were created on the west coast independent from breaking and were originally danced to funk music, rather than hip-hop music.[14][15]

As breaking, locking, and popping gained popularity in the 1980s, hip-hop social dancing (party dancing) started to develop. Novelty and fad dances such as the Roger Rabbit, the Cabbage Patch, and the Worm appeared in the 1980s followed by the Humpty dance and the Running Man in the 1990s.[20][note 1] The music of the day was the driving force in the development of these dances. For example, the 1980s rap group Gucci Crew II had a song called «The Cabbage Patch» that the dance of the same name was based on.[22] 2000s era social dances include the Cha Cha Slide, the Cat Daddy, and the Dougie. The previously mentioned dances are a sample of the many that have appeared since hip-hop developed into a distinct dance style. Like hip-hop music, hip-hop social dancing continues to change as new songs are released and new dances are created to accompany them.

Primary influences[edit]

Breaking[edit]

A black and white photograph of a Russian b-boy dancing in Moscow.

A b-boy in an airchair freeze at Street Summit 2006 in Moscow.

Breaking or b-boying, commonly known by its exonym as breakdancing, was created in the South Bronx, New York City during the early 1970s.[3] It is the first hip-hop dance style. At the time of its creation, it was the only hip-hop dance style because Afrika Bambaataa classified it as one of the five pillars of hip-hop culture along with MCing (rapping), DJing (turntablism), graffiti writing (bombing), and knowledge.[23][24][25][26] Though African Americans created breaking,[27][28] Puerto Ricans maintained its growth and development when it was considered a fad in the late 1970s.[29] In a 2001 interview Richard «Crazy Legs» Colón, the president of Rock Steady Crew, commented on how Puerto Ricans contributed to breaking: «I think the difference is when the brothas first started doing [it] and it was at its infancy they weren’t doing acrobatic moves. That didn’t come into play until more Puerto Ricans got involved in the mid 70s. We then took the dance, evolved it and kept it alive. In ’79 I was getting dissed. I would go into a dance and I would get dissed by a lot of brothas who would ask ‘Why y’all still doing that dance? That’s played out’. By 79, there were very few African American brothas that was doing this… We always maintained the flava. It was like a changing of the guard and all we did was add more flava to something that already existed.»[28][30][31] Breaking includes four foundational dances: toprock, footwork-oriented steps performed while standing up; downrock, footwork performed with both hands and feet on the floor; freezes, stylish poses done on your hands; and power moves, complex and impressive acrobatic moves.[32] Transitions from toprock to downrock are called «drops.»[33][34]

Traditionally, breakers dance within a cypher or an Apache Line. A cypher is a circular shaped dance space formed by spectators that breakers use to perform or battle in.[12][32] Cyphers work well for one-on-one b-boy or b-girl (break-boy/break-girl) battles; however, Apache Lines are more appropriate when the battle is between two crews—teams of street dancers. In contrast to the circular shape of a cypher, competing crews face each other in an Apache Line, challenge each other, and execute their burns (a move intended to humiliate the opponent, i.e. crotch grabbing).[35][36][37][38]

Locking[edit]

Locking, originally called Campbellocking, was created in 1969 in Los Angeles, California by Don «Campbellock» Campbell and popularized by his crew The Lockers.[13][39] In addition to Campbell, the original members of The Lockers were Fred «Mr. Penguin» Berry, Leo «Fluky Luke» Williamson, Adolfo «Shabba-Doo» Quiñones, Bill «Slim the Robot» Williams, Greg «Campbellock Jr» Pope, and Toni Basil, who also served as the group’s manager.[40][41][42] At the 2009 World Hip Hop Dance Championships, Basil became the first female recipient of the Living Legend Award in honor of her role in giving locking commercial exposure.[43]

Locking looks similar to popping, and the two are frequently confused by the casual observer. In locking, dancers hold their positions longer. The lock is the primary move used in locking. It is «similar to a freeze or a sudden pause.»[44] A locker’s dancing is characterized by frequently locking in place and after a brief freeze moving again.[13] According to Dance Spirit magazine, a dancer cannot perform both locking and popping simultaneously; thus, it is incorrect to call locking «pop-locking».[13][45] While both styles are from Los Angeles, locking and popping are two distinct funk styles with their own histories, their own set of dance moves, their own pioneers, and their own competition categories. Locking is more playful and character-driven, whereas popping is more illusory.[13] In popping, dancers push the boundaries of what they can do with their bodies.[13] Locking has specific dance moves that distinguish it from popping and other funk styles. In the 2006 book Total Chaos, hip-hop historian Jorge «Popmaster Fabel» Pabon lists some of these moves which include «the lock, points, skeeter [rabbits], scooby doos, stop ‘n go, which-away, and the fancies.»[44] In addition, Lockers commonly use a distinctive dress style characterized by colorful clothing with stripes and suspenders.[13]

Popping[edit]

Popping was derived from the earlier boogaloo street dance movement taking place in Oakland, California during the late 1960s. It was created in Fresno, California in the 1970s and popularized by Samuel «Boogaloo Sam» Solomon and his crew the Electric Boogaloos.[13] It is based on the technique of quickly contracting and relaxing muscles to cause a jerk in a dancer’s body, referred to as a pop or a hit. When performed correctly, each hit is synchronized to the rhythm and beats of the music. Popping is also used as an umbrella term to refer to a wide range of closely related illusionary dance styles[46] such as strobing, liquid, animation, twisto-flex, and waving.[14][46] Dancers often integrate these styles with standard popping to create a more varied performance.[note 2] In all of these subgenres it appears to the spectator that the body is popping. The difference between each subgenre is how exaggerated the popping is. In liquid, the body movements look like water. The popping is so smooth that the movements do not look like popping at all; they look fluid.[14] The opposite of this is strobing (also called ticking) in which the movements are staccato and jerky.[48]

Popping as an umbrella term also includes gliding.[14][46] Gliding is a lower body dance performed with little to no movements in the chest or arms. In gliding a dancer appears as if they are drifting across the floor on ice.[note 3] Opposite from gliding is tutting, an upper body dance that uses the arms, hands, and wrists to form right angles and create geometric box-like shapes. Tutting can be done primarily with the fingers rather than the arms. This method is called finger tutting. In both variations the movements are intricate, linear, and form 90° or 45° angles. In practice, tutting looks like the characters on the art of ancient Egypt,[49][50][51]: 2  hence the name—a reference to King Tut.

While popping as an umbrella term is widely used by hip-hop dancers and in competitive hip-hop dancing, Timothy «Popin’ Pete» Solomon of the Electric Boogaloos disagrees with the use of the word «popping» in this way. Many of these related styles (animation, liquid, tutting, etc.) can not be traced to one person or group. Solomon states «There are people who wave and there are people who tut. They’re not popping. I say this to give the people who created other styles their just dues and their props.»[13]

Derivative styles[edit]

Decades after breaking, locking, and popping became established, four new dance styles appeared. Three of them come from California and one comes from Tennessee. Memphis Jookin’ was created in the 1980s in Memphis, Tennessee. It is an evolution of an older Memphis line dance called The Gangsta’ Walk.[51]: 1 [52] According to Dance magazine, jookin is characterized by dancers «gliding footwork… popping and waving… [and] using the tips of their sneakers to balance on pointe.»[53] Gliding on tiptoes is fundamental to this dance. While watching a jookin’ battle in Jackson, Tennessee, dance critic Alastair Macaulay observed that «the most evidently sensational feature of jookin is the extensive use of what a ballet observer is bound to call pointwork: the men, in sneakers, go onto tiptoe… many of the men not only rose onto point but also hopped, turned, ran and balanced on point.»[54] Jookers have traditionally practiced their moves at the Crystal Palace skating rink in Memphis, which is akin to how milongueros practice their moves in public spaces in Buenos Aires.[53]

Turfing, an acronym for Taking Up Room on the Floor, was created in 2002 by Jeriel Bey in Oakland, California.[47] Turfing is a fusion of miming and gliding that places heavy emphasis on storytelling (through movement) and illusion. Other than San Francisco Bay Area pride, turfing avoided becoming a fad due to local turf dance competitions and local youth programs that promote turfing as a form of physical activity.[47]

The dance style Jerkin’ was popularized in 2009 by the New Boyz’s rap song «You’re a Jerk».[55][56]: 1  This song went viral via their MySpace page before they had a manager or were signed to a record label.[56]: 1, 3  After hearing about the song, Los Angeles radio station Power 106 hired the New Boyz to perform at local high schools. These shows led to «You’re a Jerk» entering the radio’s playlist.[56]: 2  Later the same year, rap duo Audio Push released the song and video «Teach Me How to Jerk» which showcased the different dance moves within jerkin’ including the Reject—the Running Man done in reverse.[55][57] Dancers who perform jerkin’ typically wear bright colors, skinny jeans, Mohawks, and Vans sneakers.[56]: 1, 5  This trend echos locking dancers in the 1970s who traditionally wore suspenders and black and white striped socks.[13] Of the dance, journalist Jeff Weiss from LA Weekly stated «For a youth culture weaned on the cult of individualism, jerkin’ is its apotheosis.»[56] Similar to breaking, locking, and popping, jerkin’s popularity spread through dance crews. For example, The Rej3ctz (crew) created both the Cat Daddy[58] and the Reject dance moves.[56]: 2, 4 

Although jookin’, turfing, and jerkin’ generated regional support and media attention, none have reached the same zenith as krumping. Ceasare «Tight Eyez» Willis and Jo’Artis «Big Mijo» Ratti created krumping[59] in the early 2000s in South Central, Los Angeles.[60] It was only practiced in Los Angeles until it gained mainstream exposure after being featured in several music videos[61] and showcased in the krumping documentary Rize. Rize was screened at several film festivals before it was commercially released in the summer of 2005.[62][note 4] Clowning, the less aggressive predecessor to krumping, was created in 1992 by Thomas «Tommy the Clown» Johnson.[61][note 5] Johnson and his dancers would paint their faces and perform clowning for children at birthday parties or for the general public at other functions as a form of entertainment.[61] In contrast, krumping focuses on highly energetic battles and movements which Johnson describes as intense, fast-paced, and sharp.[61] Of the dance, journalist Taisha Paggett from Dance magazine stated «If movement were words, [krumping] would be a poetry slam.»[60] Compared to breaking and the funk styles, jookin’, turfing, jerkin’, and krumping are relatively new. The music driving the dances and the cultural similarities between these street dance styles, the funk styles, and breaking have brought them together under the same subculture of hip-hop.

Dance industry[edit]

Commercial/New Style[edit]

The dance industry responded to hip-hop dance by creating a commercial version of it This urban choreography or studio hip-hop, sometimes called «new style», is the kind of hip-hop dance seen in rap, R&B, and pop music videos and concerts. From the point of view of someone deeply immersed in hip-hop culture, anything that looks like hip-hop dance that did not come from the streets and is not improvisational in nature is not a true hip-hop dance form. In an interview with Dance magazine, choreographer and hip-hop dance teacher Emilio «Buddha Stretch» Austin, Jr. described his point-of-view:

There are a lot of jazz dancers out there doing pseudo hip hop. A lot of teachers don’t know the history, they’re just teaching the steps. They’re learning from videos, but they don’t know the culture. If all you see is Britney Spears, you think that’s hip hop, but that’s never been hip hop. It’s completely watered down. And studios could [sic] care less, because hip hop is one of their biggest moneymakers.[63]

Stage performance can suppress improvisation which defined hip-hop dance early in its development.[1][63][64] Furthermore, meshing different dance styles together dissolves their structures and identities.[1] In an interview with The Bronx Journal, choreographer and artistic director Safi Thomas expressed a similar qualm as Austin concerning hip-hop instruction within the studio:

In a lot of studios what you find is people just doing movement to hip-hop music. So if there’s hip-hop music in the background, and they’re moving, they’re calling it a hip-hop class. The problem with that is let’s say I wanted to teach a ballet class and I just come in, and I throw on Mozart, and I just start moving—and I’m not doing any of the foundational elements. I am not doing any of the movement vocabulary of ballet. I can not call that a ballet class and that’s what happens in relation to hip-hop… within the studio realm there is no standard for the art form, and [the teachers] don’t know what the foundational elements of the art are. They know nothing about popping, nothing about locking, nothing about boogaloo, breaking, or the hip-hop dance—the social dances—or any of that. They know none of the history which spans over 30–35 years, and so they pretty much cut off any type of edification that a dancer can have.[65]

Male hip-hop dancer performing on stage inside a theater at Fort Belvoir army installation.

Hip-hop dancer Joseph Coine performing in 2011 in Wallace Theater at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.

The term «new style» was created by dancers outside the United States. According to Moncell Durden, adjunct professor at Drexel University and director of the film History and Concept of Hip-Hop Dance, the 1992 dance documentary Wreckin’ Shop From Brooklyn was very influential to hip-hop dancers in France and Japan.[66] These dancers wanted to move like the New York hip-hop dancers who were profiled in the documentary. They called the social dancing (party dancing) they saw «new style» which was short for «New York Style».[66]

In the context of the commercial dance industry, hip hop (or new style hip-hop for dancers in France and Japan) is choreographed urban party dancing with studio technique added to it. From a technical aspect, it is characterized as hard-hitting involving flexibility and isolations—moving a specific body part independently from others.[67][68]: 82 

«I would say that Toni Basil was sort of our Abe Saperstein in terms of how she was able to organize us into a professional dance troupe. I remember her teaching us how to count music. She was like, okay, we were like, count music? How do you count soul? It was crazy, you know?… all of our cues kind of went something like this, boom, pop, do boom, pada da boom, pada like that. And she was like, how do you guys get in sync like that? I said it’s a feeling, you know?»

Adolfo «Shabba-Doo» Quiñones;
The Lockers[42]

A significant juncture in the development of hip-hop was the addition of eight-counts, a method of counting dance steps to stay in sync with the music. Toni Basil introduced this studio technique into locking in the 1970s. Basil was trained in ballet before being introduced to street dance by Don Campbell, the creator of locking and founding member of The Lockers dance crew.[13] She is responsible for teaching the rest of The Lockers how to dance to counts. Traditionally hip-hop dance, or any form of street dance, is not performed to counts as these styles were created on the street rather than in a studio setting. Therefore, the introduction of counts was a pivotal move into bringing hip-hop dance from the street into the studio. Even with this addition, it would be years before commercial hip-hop developed into its current form.

A second important event in the development of hip-hop was the start of hip-hop dance instruction. Buddha Stretch was a pioneer in this field. He started teaching formal hip-hop dance classes in 1989 at Broadway Dance Center in New York City where he continues to teach today.[69] Around the same time, hip-hop party dancing started to appear in music videos and on television—this was another important point in the development and commercialization of hip-hop. An early example of this is when Janet Jackson performed the Running Man in her 1989 music video for the song «Rhythm Nation» which was choreographed by street dancer Anthony Thomas.[70] The dance was so popular during this time it was also performed by 1990s rappers MC Hammer and Vanilla Ice in their choreographed routines.[71] Michael Jackson also used hip-hop in his 1992 music video «Remember The Time» which was choreographed by a then 21-year-old Fatima Robinson.[72] At the time, Robinson was a street dancer with no formal training and «Remember the Time» was her first music video job.[73] According to MTV.com, «Dances have always been a part of hip-hop culture — from the running man to the Soulja Boy dance…»[58] and this era was the start of commercial hip-hop choreography as it looks today: dance routines are not specific to one genre (strictly popping, strictly locking, or strictly breaking) but rather an amalgamation of urban party dancing with studio technique added to it.

Jazz-funk[edit]

Another style the dance industry created in response to hip-hop was jazz-funk. Jazz-funk (also called street-jazz) is a hybrid of hip-hop and jazz dance.[14] This style was shown in its early form on a sketch comedy series called In Living Color.[74] The resident dance troupe, The Fly Girls, opened and closed every show with a hip-hop and jazz performance choreographed by Rosie Perez.[74] R&B singer Beyoncé uses this style.[14] Korean dance crew Prepix also uses this style.[75] They have choreographed for K-pop singers Jay Park and G.NA as well as for K-pop boy bands 2PM and B2ST.[75] Although jazz-funk borrows from hip-hop dance, it is not considered a style of hip-hop because the foundational movements are jazz. In hip-hop—even in lyrical hip-hop—there are no pirouettes or arabesques and dancers do not perform on relevé (on the balls of the feet). However, these methods are mostly used in jazz-funk and in jazz dance in general.[14]

Business developments[edit]

Other developments in the dance industry occurred in response to the growing popularity of hip-hop. On the traveling convention circuit there were tap, ballet, and jazz dance conventions, but there were none specifically for hip-hop. The same void existed in dancewear. There was dancewear for tap, ballet, and jazz dancers but none for hip-hop dancers. Monsters of Hip Hop and Nappytabs dancewear were formed to answer to both needs. Nappytabs is the first line of hip-hop dancewear.[76] Because their clothing is made for hip-hop dancers, they do not sell leotards, unitards, tights, or leg warmers. Their line consists of tank tops, shorts, t-shirts, sweat pants, harem pants, and hoodies. Monsters of Hip Hop (MOHH) was founded in 2003 in Baltimore, Maryland by Andy Funk, Becky Funk, and Angie Servant.[77] The convention is dedicated exclusively to hip-hop instruction.[78] Fatima Robinson, Stefan «Mr. Wiggles» Clemente, and Timothy «Popin’ Pete» Solomon have taught classes at MOHH in the past.[78] Every year, the convention brings together its top student dancers for a professionally choreographed showcase in Los Angeles called Monsters of Hip Hop: The Show.[79]

MOHH may have been the first hip-hop dance convention, but it is not the only one that exists. Urban Dance Camp (UDC) is a six-week-long German-based dance convention held every year in Lörrach, a small town on the border of France and Switzerland.[80] In a report on the event by a local paper, Bettina Kraft, the manager of UDC, estimated that 85% of the participants were from outside Germany. In 2009 Kraft created Urban Dance Showcase, a parallel event to UDC reserved only for performances by professional choreographers, dance crews, and UDC teachers.[81] Dancers such as Shaun Evaristo, Les Twins, I.aM.mE, b-boy Lilou, and b-boy Hong 10 have performed at the showcase in the past.[82]

Aside from dancewear and conventions, developments in agency representation occurred as well. Although limited, representation for individual dancers had existed since the 1980s at the beginning of the music video era due to the pioneering work of talent agent Julie McDonald.[note 6] However, the UK-based dance agencies ProDance and Superbad Talent were created to exclusively represent street dancers.[83][84]

Entertainment[edit]

Movies[edit]

The entertainment industry has been largely responsible for introducing hip-hop dance to mainstream audiences around the world. Early hip-hop films Wild Style, Beat Street, and Breakin’ were made in the 1980s. When Wild Style opened in Japan, Rock Steady Crew performed breaking in Tokyo’s Harajuku shopping district to promote the film.[85] Wild Style was the first movie centered around hip-hop culture; however, Flashdance was the first commercially released film to feature breaking.[86][note 7] In 1984, Beat Street was released in West Germany and screened at the Cannes Film Festival which helped to introduce breaking, graffiti writing, and turntablism to this part of Europe.[87][88] Breakin’ and Breakin’ 2: Electric Boogaloo brought the funk styles to the cinema. Breaking, locking, popping, and waacking were performed in these films.[89] At this time in the 1980s, the United States was not the only country producing hip-hop films. In 1985, Yuen Woo-ping directed a hip-hop themed romantic comedy in Hong Kong called Mismatched Couples starring Donnie Yen.[90] Another hip-hop film, Electro Rock, was released the same year in the United Kingdom.[91] This film featured a then 14-year-old Hanifa «Bubbles» McQueen Hudson, the UK’s first b-girl.[91]

Several hip-hop dance films were produced after the millennium. The Freshest Kids: A History of the B-Boy, Neukölln Unlimited, B-Girl, Bouncing Cats, Planet B-Boy, and Battle of the Year: The Dream Team all showcase breaking. Films such as Honey, Save the Last Dance, You Got Served, the Step Up film series, StreetDance 3D, Hype Nation, Saigon Electric, Berlin Dance Battle 3D, and ABCD: Any Body Can Dance showcase all forms of hip-hop dance, especially new style hip-hop. Rize, The Heart of Krump, and Shake City 101 are documentaries about krumping. All of these movies and documentaries are examples of films where the plot and theme surround hip-hop dance and how it affects the characters’ lives. Bouncing Cats is the story of b-boy Abraham «Abramz» Tekya who uses b-boying to empower youth in Uganda. In 2010, the film won «Outstanding Achievement in Documentary Filmmaking» at Newport Beach Film Festival and «Best Documentary Feature» at Urbanworld Film Festival.[92] Saigon Electric was Vietnam’s first hip-hop film.[93] It was written, produced, and directed by Vietnamese-American filmmaker Stephane Gauger. The film is about two female dancers (a ribbon dancer and a hip-hop dancer) and how their respective romances, the threat of their community center being torn down, and the stress of an upcoming dance battle affects their friendship.[94][95] The film was choreographed by Viet Max and Ricky Cole.[96] In 2012, it won a Golden Kite Prize (the Vietnamese equivalent of The Oscars/BAFTAs) for «Best Film» and «Best Actress».[97]

Television[edit]

Before reaching movie audiences, hip-hop dance was already being broadcast on television. Soul Train was a syndicated, music variety show that featured social dancing and performances by African-American soul, funk, and R&B singers. The show was broadcast in South Korea via the US Armed Forces Korea Network.[98] Before officially becoming a crew, The Lockers made several appearances on this show.[99] After becoming a crew, The Electric Boogaloos also appeared on the show.[14][100] Soul Train premiered in 1970.[101] During its 36 year run, the resident freestyle dancers were referred to as the Soul Train Gang.[102] Auditions were held in 1971 when the show moved from Chicago, Illinois to Los Angeles, California. Dancers who wanted to get on Soul Train after this time had to rely on word-of-mouth recommendations from dancers who were already employed by the show.[102][103] A regular feature during the broadcast was the Soul Train Line.[104] To participate, the dancers formed two lines of equal length facing each other with a large space in between them. Each dancer in line would take their turn dancing down the middle.

Other music variety shows on television at this time were American Bandstand, Solid Gold, and Top of the Pops. Unlike Soul Train which focused on soul and funk, these shows promoted Top 40 music and pop acts. Solid Gold employed a permanent dance troupe called the Solid Gold Dancers who performed choreographed routines to musical performances. Lucinda Dickey, an actress and dancer who played the lead role in the Breakin’ films, appeared on the show during the 1982–1983 season as a Solid Gold dancer. In 1983, street dancers Marc «Mr. Freeze» Lemberger from Rock Steady Crew, Timothy «Popin’ Pete» Solomon and Dane «Robot Dane» Parker from the Electric Boogaloos, and locking dancers Alpha «Omega» Anderson and Lewis «Deputy» Green also appeared on Solid Gold during a performance to the song «What a Feeling» from the movie Flashdance.[105] In 1982 during a performance in London on Top of the Pops, street dancer Jeffrey Daniel performed popping and the backslide during the song «A Night to Remember». This was the first time popping was shown on British television, thus spreading its popularity in the United Kingdom.[106][107] A year later, Michael Jackson also performed the backslide during a performance of «Billie Jean» on the Motown 25 TV special.[108] He called it the moonwalk and his performance spread its popularity all over the world[109] to much larger extent than Daniel’s performance did. It was Jeffrey Daniel who taught Michael Jackson how to do the backslide/moonwalk.[note 8][112][113]

Four members of the hip-hop dance crew JabbaWockeeZ performing in a night club wearing white masks and white gloves.

The JabbaWockeez, winners of the first season of America’s Best Dance Crew, performing in 2008 at Vivid Nightclub in San Jose, California.

A few hip-hop dance shows appeared on television in the 1990s such as 1991’s The Party Machine with Nia Peeples[note 9] and 1992’s The Grind. Several hip-hop dance shows premiered in the 2000s including (but not limited to) Dance Fever, Dance 360, The Wade Robson Project, MTV Dance Crew, America’s Best Dance Crew, Dance on Sunset, and Shake It Up. In 2006, MTV France documented the creation of a dance crew for an original series called MTV Dance Crew.[115] Viewers were able to see the crew from auditions to the selection of the final eight who were subsequently named Original Soul. Original Soul was coached by three professional choreographers who mentored them and helped refine their dancing. Over the course of 32 episodes they routinely participated in professional dance battles including the popping battle at Juste Debout, the Seven 2 Smoke battle at The Notorious IBE, and b-boy battles at Chelles Battle Pro.[115] B-boy Lilou, b-boy crew Phase T, and promoter Bruce Ykanji (the founder of Juste Debout) all made appearances in the show.[115]

The founders of Hip Hop International, Howard and Karen Schwartz, created the reality hip-hop dance competition America’s Best Dance Crew (ABDC) in 2008.[16][116] On the show, different crews competed in dance challenges against each other every week. ABDC contributed to the exposure of several crews such as Jabbawockeez, Quest, Beat Freaks, Poreotics, and Kinjaz. These crews now have official websites, work with musical artists, and perform at live events. The JabbaWockeeZ had a show in Las Vegas, Nevada called MÜS.I.C. at the Monte Carlo Resort and Casino.[117] MÜS.I.C. was the first hip-hop dance stage show on the Las Vegas Strip.[117] In 2012, the Jabbawockeez performed the show during a five-month residency at the Jupiters Hotel and Casino in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.[118] Both Poreotics and Hokuto «Hok» Konishi from Quest were nominated for a 2011 MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography.[119] Poreotics was nominated with singer Bruno Mars for his video «The Lazy Song». Hok was nominated for LMFAO’s video «Party Rock Anthem»; the rest of Quest crew appeared in the video as featured dancers.[119]

In contrast to ABDC, individual dancers from all backgrounds compete on the reality dance competition So You Think You Can Dance (SYTYCD) and World of Dance (WOD). It has a similar premise to the Idol series of singing competitions with initial auditions leading to the selection of a winner over the course of several episodes. In 2008, poppers Robert «Mr. Fantastic» Muraine and Phillip «Pacman» Chbeeb auditioned during season four of the US SYTYCD series. Neither made it to the final «Top 20», but the judges were so impressed with their dancing that both were invited back to participate in a popping battle against each other on the show’s live finale. According to Muraine, this was the first popping battle that was nationally televised.[120] After the battle, hip-hop dancer Joshua Allen was declared the winner of season four of the competition.[121] The same year Mona-Jeanette Berntsen, a hip-hop dancer from Norway, won the first season of So You Think You Can Dance Scandinavia.[122] In 2017, hip hop duo Les Twins won the inaugural season of World of Dance. Hip hop dance crew The Lab won the following year.

Hip-hop dance has also been popular among viewers of the Got Talent series. French hip-hop dancer Salah won the first season of Incroyable Talent in 2006.[123] French b-boy Junior won the second season in 2007.[124] In 2008, hip-hop dancer George Sampson won Britain’s Got Talent,[125] Danish popping and roboting duo Robot Boys won Talent 2008 (da),[126] and hip-hop dance crew Quick won the Norwegian version of the show.[127] After George Sampson, dance crew Diversity won the next season of Britain’s Got Talent in 2009.[128][note 10] The same year, Brazilian crew D-Efeitos won Qual é o Seu Talento? (What’s Your Talent?).[129] In 2010, Justice Crew won Australia’s Got Talent.[130] After signing a recording contract with Sony Music Australia, Justice Crew shot a video for their single «Dance with Me» featuring rapper Flo Rida and America’s Best Dance Crew alumni Beat Freaks.[131] In 2015, nine years after he won Incroyable Talent, hip-hop dancer Salah won the fourth season of Arabs Got Talent.[132]

Theater[edit]

A black and white photograph of choreographer and artistic director Rennie Harris.

Choreographer and artistic director Rennie Harris in 2011.

Though hip-hop dancing is established on film and on television, it has not gained the same level of exposure in theater. This may be due to the fact that the dance is performed more in film and in television than it is in a theatrical setting.[133] B-boy and popper Stefan «Mr. Wiggles» Clemente and hip-hop historian Jorge «Popmaster Fabel» Pabon were involved in hip-hop theater at its inception. Their dance company, GhettOriginal, produced the first hip-hop stage shows: 1991’s off Broadway musical So! What Happens Now? and 1995’s Jam on the Groove.[134][135] Both shows were performed by the Rock Steady Crew, Magnificent Force, and the Rhythm Technicians.[136][137] Aside from the pioneers in New York City was Rennie Harris’ Puremovement hip-hop theater company. Harris founded Puremovement in 1992 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[64] One of Puremovement’s theater shows Rome & Jewels won two Black Theater Alliance Awards and three Bessie Awards.[138] In 2012, Harris and his company toured Egypt, Israel, and the Palestinian territories as part of Dance Motion USA, a program sponsored by the US State Department to showcase American dance to other countries and promote cultural exchange.[139]

German b-boy pioneer Niels «Storm» Robitzky has his performance roots in hip-hop theater. In 1991, Robitzky—who went by the name «Swipe»—left Germany with his crew Battle Squad for New York City to look for b-boy legends they could study under.[140] When he got to New York, he met b-boy Gabriel «Kwikstep» Dionisio who personally mentored him and introduced him to New York techniques.[140] While in New York, he also learned about the funk styles from Clemente.[141] Clemente and Dionisio knew each other since Dionisio was an original member of both GhettOriginal and the Rhythm Technicians.[140] A year later in 1992, Robitzky performed with GhettOriginal at the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C. and at the Lincoln Center in New York City.[141] It was Dionisio who gave Robitzky a new name, «Storm».[140] In 2000, he wrote a book called Von Swipe zu Storm: Breakdance in Deutschland (From Swipe to Storm: Breakdance in Germany).[142]

Dancers in the United Kingdom have had success in hip-hop theater. In 2006, hip-hop dance company Boy Blue Entertainment won a Laurence Olivier Award for their show Pied Piper.[143] In 2008, Into the Hoods became the first hip-hop theater show to perform in London’s West End.[144] It eventually went on to become the West End’s longest running dance show ever.[145]

Online content[edit]

YAK Films is a three-man team that films urban dance around the world. It was founded in Oakland, California by Yoram Savion and Kash Grimes.[146][147] Their first videos were of the Turf Feinz dance crew performing turfing—a regional hip-hop dance style from Oakland.[148] After generating significant views on YouTube, they started YAK (Yoram And Kash) Films and added music producer Ben «B’zwax» Tarquin to the team.[146][147] From shooting videos only in the United States, they were able to easily transition to covering dance events in Europe due to Savion’s dual French citizenship.[146] In 2009, they filmed Battle of the Year’s first one-on-one b-boy competition, and in 2010 they filmed dance battles at Juste Debout, a French street dance competition.[148] Some of their more popular videos have been featured in Oakland Local[149] and the Huffington Post.[150][151]

Juba Films was founded in Germany by Julien Bam and Gong Bao. Rather than film freestyle content, Juba («Ju»lien and «Ba»o) produces short films with a storyline. For their short b-boy film «More Than Bread», they won first place at the 7th International Online Dance Festival in 2011.[152] Both Juba Films and YAK Films appeared at The Notorious IBE’s New Dance Media Conference discussing the relationship between street dance and visual arts.[153] Although Juba Films has won an award and YAK Films has booked high-profile events, they are not the only film production teams distributing hip-hop dance videos on the Internet. House of Crews, Strife TV, Pacific Rim Video Press, ProDance TV, Battle Fest Extreme, Urban Dance Show, Ocke Films, World of Dance Network, and Canal Street TV also produce hundreds of high-quality hip-hop dance content.[note 11]

The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers (The LXD) was a good-versus-evil themed web series created by Jon M. Chu[154][note 12] about a group of dancers who discover they have super powers through their dance moves.[155] Each character specializes in one dance style. Consequently, a wide range of styles are displayed including krumping, tutting, breaking, locking, boogaloo, and popping.[155][156] The majority of the dancing shown in the series is hip-hop; however, other styles were also performed including jazz, tap, and ballet.[157] AdvertisingAge.com gave the series a favorable review stating «…each episode of ‘LXD’ packs a wealth of narrative sophistication into its eight or nine minutes. Combine this with the theater-worthy production values and a cast that exerts itself to an ungodly extent, and the end result is – pun time! – extraordinary.»[158]

International competitions[edit]

A group of eleven young men holding a large sign that says "BBoy Crew Battle Champion" while posing for a picture in front of a banner that says "Freestyle Session Taiwan".

The 2010 winners of the b-boy crew battle at Freestyle Session Taiwan.

  • UK B-Boy Championships was founded by DJ Hooch in 1996 in London.[159][160] There are four world championship titles: breaking crew champions, solo b-boy champion, solo popping champion, and solo hip-hop champion.[161] The world finals also include the «Fresh Awards» (best dressed) which are hosted and judged every year by Richard «Crazy Legs» Colón—the president of Rock Steady Crew.[162] In 2011, DJ Hooch wrote a book about the competition called B-Boy Championships: From Bronx to Brixton.[163]
  • Freestyle Session was founded in 1997 in California by graffiti writer and DJ Chris «Cros1» Wright.[164][165] It is the largest breaking competition in the United States.[166] The main competitive event is for b-boy crews, but there are also popping and locking competitions for solo competitors.[14][165] Although the US is the flagship location for Freestyle Session, it is not the only country where it is held. Promoters outside the US pay Cros1 to use Freestyle Session’s name and fly him to their location to judge the competition.[167] Using this method, Freestyle Session has been held in 18 other countries including Poland, Russia, Switzerland, and Venezuela.[167]
  • Hip Hop International (HHI) was founded in 2002 in the United States by Howard and Karen Schwartz.[116][168] There are two categories of competitions: World Battles and World Hip Hop Dance Championship. Within the World Battles category, there are four titles including three-on-three breaking champions, one-on-one popping champion, one-on-one locking champion, and one-on-one all styles (freestyle) champion.[168] The World Hip Hop Dance Championship is for hip-hop crews. There are four divisions: junior (ages 8–12), varsity (13–17), adult (18+), and mega crew (all ages).[16] Each crew must have at least five but not more than nine people (mega crew must have 15–40)[169] and must perform a routine that showcases three styles of hip-hop dance.[116] For the 2009 competition, there were 120 crews representing 30 countries.[116] HHI also created the USA Hip Hop Dance Championship and the television show America’s Best Dance Crew.[168]
  • Juste Debout was founded in 2002 by Bruce Ykanji in Paris.[14][170] Competition categories include popping, hip-hop, locking, house, toprock, and experimental.[170] Breaking is not included to put more focus on dance styles performed while standing up, hence the name (French for Just Standing). There are not any team trophies at Juste Debout. The experimental and toprock categories are only for solo dancers; popping, new style, locking, and house are for duos.[170] In 2008, Ingrid «Shéyen» Gamboa, the editor-in-chief of Juste Debout magazine, wrote a book called Hip-hop: L’histoire de la danse (Hip Hop: A history of the dance).[171]
  • United Dance Organisation (UDO) was founded in 2002 in the United Kingdom.[172] UDO operates the British Street Dance Championships, the European Street Dance Championships, the North American Championships, and the World Street Dance Championships. The European championships are held in Germany rather than in the UK.[173]
  • Street Dance Kemp Europe (SDK Europe) is a competition and dance convention founded in 2004 in Jedovnice, Czech Republic.[174] There is a hip-hop crew battle and solo battles for house, krumping, locking, hip-hop male, and hip-hop female dancers.[174] SDK Europe begins every year in the summer and lasts seven days. Daytime hours are reserved primarily for dance workshops and classes taught by an international pool of instructors; competitive events are held at night. All of the classes, workshops, and competitive events are held outside.
  • EuroBattle was founded in 2005 in Portugal by Max from Momentum crew.[175] There are five competitive events for solo dancers including b-boying, b-girling, hip-hop, locking, and popping.[176] The international final is held in Porto but the winner of the Spanish qualifying tournament also gets to compete at the UK B-Boy Championships in London.[175]
  • World Supremacy Battlegrounds is a hip-hop dance competition based in Australia. The heritage of World Supremacy Battlegrounds goes back to 2002 when it began as GROOVE, a local hip-hop competition held in Sydney.[177] Over the three years that followed, the competition was renamed Battlegrounds and went national to include dance crews from all over Australia.[177] It became international in 2006 when crews from the Philippines, Japan, and New Zealand entered the competition.[177] There are four dance crew categories: open (all ages), junior (12 and under), varsity (12–18), and monster (all ages, 20–40 members). For the 2011 competition, teams from Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Japan, Guam, New Zealand, Samoa, and South Africa came to compete.[178]
  • World of Dance Tour (WOD) was founded in 2008 by Myron Marten and David Gonzales in Pomona, California.[179] It differs from other competitions because there is no final championship. WOD travels to different cities in the United States, Canada, and Europe and holds a competition in each location; therefore, WOD distinguishes itself as a tour.[180] Each tour stop is a stand-alone competition; they are all related to each other in name only. In 2013, WOD traveled to New York City, Vallejo, Seattle, Vancouver, Berlin, Dallas, Toronto, San Diego, Montreal, Eindhoven, Boston, Orlando, Houston, Chicago, Seattle, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Union City, and Antwerp.[180] WOD reached a larger audience in 2017 when NBC started airing a television show based on the competition.
  • World Dance Colosseum is a two-on-two dance competition founded in Japan. There are five two-on-two world championship titles: b-boying, locking, popping, hip-hop, and house. Japanese dancers qualify for the international final through preliminary tournaments held in the country but foreign dancers do not qualify through tournaments because 30 of the top-ranked foreign dancers are automatically invited to participate in the final.[181] At the final, the winning duos from the Japanese tournaments compete against the top-ranked foreign duos to determine who is the best.[181]
  • Vibe Dance Competition is a choreography competition that was started by Joseph Lising in 1995 as a Greek Talent Show at UC Irvine. It later evolved into one of the biggest competitions for choreography hip hop teams in the world, hosting teams from all over the US, Canada, the Philippines, and Japan.

Education[edit]

In 2004, Safi Thomas founded the Hip-Hop Dance Conservatory (HHDC) in New York City.[65] Thomas’ goal was to provide a comprehensive education to hip-hop dancers that was comparable to what ballet, modern, and jazz dancers experience at their respective institutions.[182] HHDC provides a formal curriculum with dance classes (breaking, freestyle, locking, etc.) and academic classes (dance theory, physiology, kinesiology, etc.) to people who want to pursue hip-hop dance as a career.[65][183] It is the only educational institution in the United States that is exclusively dedicated to hip-hop dance instruction.[183] HHDC does not grant degrees. It is a non-profit organization and repertory company that grants certifications to dancers that complete the three-year program.[65]

Three years later in 2007, the University of East London’s Center for Performing Arts Development (CPAD) started intake for the only bachelor’s degree program in the world specializing in hip-hop, urban, and global dance forms.[184] The CPAD’s program also lasts three years, but it is not exclusive to hip-hop. Students also study African dance, kathak, Bollywood, and capoeira.

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ The Running Man has African origins. It was performed at the Fela Kuti concert «Cross Examination» in Berlin in 1978.[21]
  2. ^ Two regional substyles that developed out of popping are jookin’ (also called buckin)[14] from Memphis, Tennessee and turfing from Oakland, California. Turfing borrows heavily from gliding.[47]
  3. ^ The moonwalk, called the backslide in popping context, is an example of sliding.
  4. ^ Rize had a limited release when shown in theaters.[62]
  5. ^ Clowning is not the same as the clown walk.
  6. ^ Representation for dance groups existed before the music video era. In the 1970s, The Lockers were represented by ICM Talent Agency.[40]
  7. ^ Wild Style was produced in New York City and independently released.[86]
  8. ^ Jeffrey Daniel learned the backslide from The Electric Boogaloos.[110][111]
  9. ^ Prior to The Party Machine, Nia Peeples hosted the US version of Top of the Pops.[114]
  10. ^ George Sampson and Diversity appeared in the film StreetDance 3D.
  11. ^ CanalStreet.tv is owned by Canal+, a French premium television channel.
  12. ^ Jon Chu also directed the movies Step Up 2: The Streets and Step Up 3D.

References[edit]

Citations

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  2. ^ Schloss 2009, p. 153.
  3. ^ a b «Breakdancing, Present at the Creation». NPR.org. October 14, 2002. Archived from the original on October 18, 2010. Retrieved September 8, 2009. ‘When you’re dealing with the b-boys and b-girls, you can take it… straight back to the Godfather of Soul,’ says DJ Afrika Bambaataa, who owns a place in the same musical lineage, as the Godfather of Hip Hop. He says that the song «Get on the Good Foot» inspired crowds to imitate the singer’s dance moves.
  4. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2005). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Menomonee Falls: Record Research. p. 85. ISBN 0898201608.
  5. ^ Chang 2006, p. 20. «Toprockin’s structure and form fuse dance forms and influences from uprocking, tap, lindy hop, James Brown’s «good foot,» salsa, Afro-Cuban, and various African and Native American dances.»
  6. ^ Schloss 2009, p. 14.
  7. ^ Chang 2005, p. 138.
  8. ^ Chang 2006, p. 21. «The structure was different from b-boying/b-girling since dancers in b-boy/b-girl battles took turns dancing, while uprocking was done with partners.»
  9. ^ Hess, Mickey, ed. (2007). Icons of hip hop: an encyclopedia of the movement, music, and culture. Vol. 1. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. xxi. ISBN 978-0313339035. Jamaican American DJ Kool Herc creates the beak beat by isolating the most exciting instrumental break in a record and looping that section so that the break played continuously.
  10. ^ a b c Chang 2006, p. 19. «DJ Kool Herc, originally from Jamaica, is credited with extending these breaks by using two turntables, a mixer and two of the same records. As DJs could re-cue these beats from one turntable to the other, finally, the dancers were able to enjoy more than just a few seconds of a break! Kool Herc also coined the terms ‘b-boy’ and ‘b-girl’ which stood for ‘break boys’ and ‘break girls.’ At one of Kool Herc’s jams, he might have addressed the dancers just before playing the break beats by saying, ‘B-Boys are you ready?! B-Girls are you ready?!’ The tension started to mount and the air was thick with anticipation. The b-boys and b-girls knew this was their time to ‘go off!’.»
  11. ^ Chang 2006, p. 20. «Early influences on b-boying and b-girling also included martial arts films from the 1970s.»
  12. ^ a b Chang 2006, p. 24.
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  19. ^ Chang 2006, pp. 18–19. «Although dance forms associate with hip-hop did develop in New York City, half of them (that is, popping and locking) were created on the West Coast as part of a different cultural movement. Much of the media coverage in the 1980s grouped these dance forms together with New York’s native dance forms (b-boying/b-girling and uprocking) labeling them all «breakdancing». As a result, the West Coast «funk» culture and movement were overlooked…»
  20. ^ Pagett 2008, p. 48.
  21. ^ Fela Kuti – Cross Examination (concert performance). Berlin, Germany. 1978. Event occurs at 09:20. Archived from the original on 2021-11-08. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
  22. ^ Pagett 2008, p. 33.
  23. ^ Kugelberg 2007, p. 17.
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  26. ^ Schloss 2009, p. 37.
  27. ^ Tony Cox (September 20, 2006). «Born in the Bronx: Mambo and Hip-Hop». NPR.org (Podcast). News & Notes from NPR News. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2010. Well, [Blacks and Puerto Ricans] lived, you know, they lived side-by-side. You know, previous to this there had been a gang era and people didn’t get around so much because it was dangerous. You know, the kids didn’t travel outside of their neighborhood so much. But largely thanks to people like Kool Herc and Afrika Bambaataa, who started holding jams and inviting people from all over and trying to establish peace in the communities, people began to come together… The earliest and first B-boys were black. When Latinos started breaking they were emulating what they saw, you know, the black people doing.
  28. ^ a b Schloss 2009, p. 16.
  29. ^ Rivera 2003, p. 75. «…Puerto Ricans had been and were still key in the development of the b-boy/b-girl dance styles; most of the better known breaking crews (Rock Steady Crew, the Furious Rockers, Dynamic Rockers, New York City Breakers) were primarily Puerto Rican.»
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  33. ^ Chang 2006, p. 20. «The transition between top and floor rockin’ was also important and became known as the ‘drop.'»
  34. ^ DJ Hooch 2011, p. 27.
  35. ^ Weisbard, Eric, ed. (October 2007). That’s the Joint!: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader. Durham: Duke University Press Books. p. 259. ISBN 978-0822340416. Uprockers or «Rockers» battle throughout the duration of a complete song—from beginning to the end while in a line formation called the «Apache Line». The Apache Line allows two opposing dancers or Crews (dance groups) to face each other and execute their Burn gestures towards one another.
  36. ^ Chang 2006, p. 21. «There were also the ‘Apache Lines’ where one crew stood in a line facing the opposing crew and challenged each other simultaneously.»
  37. ^ Guzman-Sanchez 2012, p. 129. «The Apache Line was basically two opposing lineups of dancers standing face-to-face doing the step toward each other. This simple shuffle step was done in a repeated manner.
  38. ^ Guzman-Sanchez 2012, p. 138. «Even the Burns (thrusting motion to disrespect your opponent) and Jerks (dropping down) terminology became synonymous with B-Boy slang.
  39. ^ Guzman-Sanchez 2012, pp. 33–35.
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Bibliography

  • Chang, Jeff (2005). Can’t Stop Won’t Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. New York City: St. Martin’s Press. ISBN 031230143X.
  • Chang, Jeff (2006). Total Chaos: The Art and Aesthetics of Hip-Hop. New York City: BasicCivitas. ISBN 0465009093.
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External links[edit]

  • Breaking – Lilou vs. Morris at Red Bull BC One 2009 (Semi-Final) on YouTube
  • Locking – Firelock & Hurrikane in ATSLOPES Bike Shop Lock on YouTube
  • Popping – Salah in TWIST // Choose the dimension of your life! on YouTube
  • Tutting – Di «Moon» Zhang and Hokuto «Hok» Konishi in The Art of Tutting on YouTube
    • Finger Tutting – Nemesis, PNut, CTut, Strobe, Era in Dexterity on YouTube
  • Boogaloo – Chuck Powell in «An Intro to Basic Movements» on YouTube
  • Uprock – Rob Nasty vs. Foots at B-Boy Hodown 2006 on YouTube
  • Roboting – Paul Dateh & Chadd «Madd Chadd» Smith in My Musical Robot on YouTube
  • Turfing – Precise Films’ Bay Area Turfing on YouTube
  • Jerkin’ – Audio Push «Teach Me How To Jerk» instructional video on YouTube
  • Krumping – Russell «Gutta» Ferguson, Larry «Ruin» Combs, Darren «Outrage» King, and Christopher «Worm» Lewis in Midnight Krump on YouTube
  • Memphis Jookin’ – Charles «Lil Buck» Riley dancing in tunnel to LYNX «Burning Bone» on YouTube
  • New Style – Les Twins vs. Lil’ O & Tyger B at Juste Debout 2011 (Semi-Final) on YouTube
  • Lyrical Hip-Hop – SYTYCD Benelux Season 2: Els and Angelo on Vimeo

The World Hip Hop Dance Championship is an international hip-hop dance competition created in 2002 by Hip Hop International. Countries that have participated in the past include Dominican Republic, India, Greece, Cyprus, Chile, Italy, Mexico, France, Japan, Switzerland, Morocco, Philippines, United Kingdom, China, Canada, Germany, Australia, Ireland, Malaysia, Colombia, South Africa, Nigeria, New Zealand, Denmark, Spain, Russia, Portugal, Netherlands, Argentina, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, Poland, Uruguay, Thailand and the United States of America. There are five sections of competition: mega crews, which have no age limit, had anywhere between 10 and 40 members, hip-hop for adult (ages 18-older), varsity (ages 13–17), junior (ages 7–12) crews, and mini crews. There are also battles in popping and locking for solo dancers, and breaking for adult crews.

In August 2015, new countries, Gabon, Panama and South Korea, Kenya, among others, participated for the first time, joining a record 3,000 contestants from 50 countries.[1]

Due to COVID, competitions were not held in 2020. In 2021, competitions were held virtually. In 2022, a new division of junior mega crew has been added.

WinnersEdit

[2]

Year Style Division Gold Country Silver Country Bronze Country
2022 Hip Hop MegaCrew DM Nation   Canada Chapkis Dance Family   USA Mega Unity   France
2022 Hip Hop JV MegaCrew Awesome Junior Megacrew   Thailand Yung ID   New Zealand Freshh Megacrew   Canada
2022 Hip Hop MiniCrew Pride Troopers   Mexico Trixss   Canada Six One Four (DF)   Mexico
2022 Hip Hop Adult Awesome   Thailand Sweet Feet   Australia I-Descendant   New Zealand
2022 Hip Hop Varsity Kana-Boon!   Japan Swagganauts   New Zealand Alpha Crew   Canada
2022 Hip Hop Junior Awesome Junior   Thailand Next Jr.   Japan I Dass All Your Team   Thailand
2021 Hip Hop MiniCrew SixOneFour   Mexico Pioner Crew   Russia Fuki   Japan
2021 Hip Hop MegaCrew Art Of Motion   Russia J.B. Star   Japan Kana-Boon! All Star   Japan
2021 Hip Hop Adult Banda Ill   Russia Woodpecker   Japan The Lions   India
2021 Hip Hop Varsity Kana-Boon!   Japan GRVMNT Varsity   Canada Rebellious   New Zealand
2021 Hip Hop Junior Funky Monkey   Russia Awesome Junior   Thailand Kana-Boon! Junior   Japan
2019 Hip Hop MegaCrew Kana-Boon! All Star   Japan The Jukebox   Mexico Legit Status

  Philippines

2019 Hip Hop MiniCrew CBation   Argentina Braids   Spain FRZM Movement   South Korea
2019 Hip Hop Adult Banda ILL   Russia Awesome   Thailand LFG   USA
2019 Hip Hop Varsity Swagganauts   New Zealand Kana-Boon!   Japan Masque   New Zealand
2019 Hip Hop Junior Awesome Junior   Thailand Next Junior   Japan Lil Saints   New Zealand
2018 Hip Hop MegaCrew The Jukebox   Mexico Fusion

  Philippines

Kindred

  Philippines

2018 Hip Hop Adult CBAction   Argentina Da Republic   Dominican Republic The Peepz   Philippines
2018 Hip Hop Varsity Kana-Boon!   Japan Kingsmen   Philippines Masque   New Zealand
2018 Hip Hop Junior Awesome Junior   Thailand Next Junior   Japan Freshh 2.0   Canada
2017 Hip Hop MegaCrew Upeepz   Philippines Da

Republic

  Dominican Republic Legit Status   Philippines
2017 Hip Hop Adult S-Rank   USA Monspace Malaysia All Star   Malaysia The D   Australia
2017 Hip Hop Varsity TLXWC   USA Kana-Boon!   Japan Flip   Canada
2017 Hip Hop Junior Blast   Russia Queen BZ   Canada Next Junior   Japan
2016 Hip Hop MegaCrew Upeepz   Philippines Lock N Lols   Korea Royal Family Varsity   New Zealand
2016 Hip Hop Adult The Bradas   New Zealand Prophecy   USA Outlawz   USA
2016 Hip Hop Varsity Kana Boon!   Japan J.B Star   Japan The Alliance   Philippines
2016 Hip Hop Junior Teenagers   Canada Scream   Russia Bubblegum   New Zealand
2015 Hip Hop MegaCrew Lock N Lols   Korea The Royal Family   New Zealand A-Team   Philippines
2015 Hip Hop Adult The Bradas   New Zealand Romancon   Philippines Kings United   India
2015 Hip Hop Varsity Kana-Boon!   Japan Legit Status   Philippines J.B Star   Japan
2015 Hip Hop Junior Chapkidz   USA Next Junior   Japan Youngster   Canada
2014 Hip Hop MegaCrew A-Team   Philippines ID Co   New Zealand Flyographers Dance Team   Russia
2014 Hip Hop Adult Brotherhood   Canada Zboyz   Australia Rockwell Family   Canada
2014 Hip Hop Varsity JB Star   Japan Duchesses   New Zealand Sol-T-Shine   Japan
2014 Hip Hop Junior Freshh 2.0   Canada Tao   Japan Bubblegum   New Zealand
2013 Hip Hop MegaCrew The Royal Family   New Zealand Praise Team   Canada U.P. Streetdance Club   Philippines
2013 Hip Hop Adult Rockwell Family   Canada Identity   New Zealand Elecoldxhot   Malaysia
2013 Hip Hop Varsity Brotherhood   Canada Sol-T-Shine   Japan Sorority   New Zealand
2013 Hip Hop Junior Flip   Canada Bubblegum   New Zealand Shinyy-T   Japan
2012 Hip Hop MegaCrew The Royal Family   New Zealand GRV   USA U.P. Streetdance Club   Philippines
2012 Hip Hop Adult The Crew   Philippines Neutral Zone   Mexico Academy of Villains   USA
2012 Hip Hop Varsity Sol-T-Shine   Japan Sorority   New Zealand J.B. Star Varsity   Japan
2012 Hip Hop Junior Bubblegum   New Zealand Flip   Canada Onizawa Ikka   Japan
2011 Hip Hop MegaCrew The Royal Family   New Zealand Super Galactic Beat Manipulators   USA Praise Team   Canada
2011 Hip Hop Adult Plague   United Kingdom ReQuest   New Zealand Instant Noodles   USA
2011 Hip Hop Varsity Sorority   New Zealand Star Team Varsity   Japan IDK   USA
2011 Hip Hop Junior Bubblegum   New Zealand Lil Saintz   New Zealand Star Team   Japan
2011 Popping Solo Dancers Bionic   USA
2011 Locking Solo Dancers Tiffany Bong   USA
2011 All Styles Solo Dancers J Boogie   USA
2011 Breaking Adult Fallen Kings   USA
2010 Hip Hop Adult ReQuest   New Zealand Poreotics   USA Fly Girlz   Canada
2010 Hip Hop Varsity Zero   Japan Illest Vibe   Canada Sorority   New Zealand
2010 Hip Hop Junior Star Team   Japan Freshh 2.0   Canada Lil Hustlers   Ireland
2009 Hip Hop Adult R.A.F. Crew   France Neutral Zone Adults   Mexico Joyce & The Boys   Singapore
2009 Hip Hop Varsity ReQuest   New Zealand Irratik   Canada Kana-Boon   Japan
2009 Hip Hop Junior Lil’ Phunk Boyz   USA Moonson   Japan Freshh   Canada
2009 Popping Solo Dancers Marie Popppins
2009 Locking Solo Dancers Omar Thomas
2009 Breaking Adult Philippine All Stars   Philippines
2008 Hip Hop Adult Philippine All Stars   Philippines Eclectic   Trinidad & Tobago Kaba Modern   USA
2008 Hip Hop Varsity Sweet & Sour   New Zealand Kana-Boon!   Japan FDC Supremacy   New Zealand
2008 Hip Hop Junior Next Jr.   Japan Sound Energy   Japan Jukebox Jnrs   United Kingdom
2008 Popping Solo Dancers Poppin’ John   USA
2008 Locking Solo Dancers Jo Dance   Germany
2008 Breaking Adult Knucklehead Zoo   USA
2007 Hip Hop Adult Eclectik   Trinidad & Tobago Kaba Modern   USA Philippine All Stars   Philippines
2007 Hip Hop Varsity The Unit   Canada Irratik   Canada Fearless   New Zealand
2007 Hip Hop Junior Freshh   Canada Next Junior   Japan Tom Boy   Japan
2006 Hip Hop Adult Philippine All Stars   Philippines Dziah   New Zealand Eclectik   Trinidad & Tobago
2006 Hip Hop Varsity Future Shock   USA Hip Hop Connxion Varsity   USA Kana-Boom   Japan
2006 Hip Hop Junior Mini Shock   USA Next Junior   Japan Streets Ahead   Ireland
2005 Hip Hop Adult Plague   United Kingdom
2005 Hip Hop Varsity Future Shock   USA Hurricanes   Italy
2004 Hip Hop Adult Extreme   Canada Eclectik   Trinidad & Tobago Foundation   Netherlands
2004 Hip Hop Varsity 4 Real   USA Future Shock   USA Urban Style   Canada
2004 Hip Hop Junior Junction8   Japan Mini Shock   USA Groove – Defending   Canada
2003 Hip Hop Adult Extreme   Canada CS All Stars   USA Urban Moves   USA
2003 Hip Hop Varsity Uncutt   USA Future Shock   USA Rock Wellness   Italy
2003 Hip Hop Junior Groove   Canada 2 Hot   USA Mini Shock   USA
2002 Hip Hop Adult Total Workout Dance crew   Netherlands
2002 Hip Hop Varsity Wanted Crew   USA
2002 Hip Hop Junior Divas   USA

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Jordan, Miriam (August 10, 2015). «Who’s Popping in Hip Hop? South Koreans and Other Foreign Crews». The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
  2. ^ «Medalists». www.hiphopinternational.com.

ExternallinkssEdit

  • Hip Hop International official website
  • Pacific Rim Video’s HHI Coverage

Хип-хоп – это не просто музыкальное или танцевальное направление. Это стиль жизни и способ самовыражения молодого поколения.

Хип-хоп – танцевальное и музыкальное направление молодежной культуры. В начале 20 века хип-хоп имел ярко выраженную социальную ориентацию в творчестве: выражал протест против несправедливости, господства денег, коррупции. Затем, постепенно, стал модным, а значит, и коммерческим течением. Тем не менее, в среде хип-хопа и сейчас есть много исполнителей, придерживающихся первоначальной, оппозиционной к власти линии в творчестве.

Хип-хоп

История возникновения танца

Слово «хип» пришло из афроамериканского диалекта и служило для обозначения подвижных частей человеческого тела. Кроме этого, слово «хип» употреблялось в значении «приобретение знаний, усовершенствование». Слово «хоп» означает «прыжок, скачок». Таким образом, объединившись, два слова выражают идею всего направления хип-хоп – движение вперед, развитие, осмысление современной жизни, острая критика негативных моментов.

Пять основных элементов хип-хопа сформулировал диджей Afrika Bambaataa в 1974 году. В 1978 году рэпер Keith «Cowboy» Wiggins, вместе с с Grandmaster Flash способствовали дальнейшему развитию нового течения. А началось все с шутки. Молодые люди, провожая своего друга в армию, напевали в джазовой манере слова хип-хоп, хип-хоп, имитируя при этом, чеканный шаг марширующих солдат. Так и родился ритм нового музыкального направления. Коллеги молодых экспериментаторов, артисты диско, насмешливо называли их «хип-хоперами», не подозревая, что именно благодаря им рождается новая молодежная культура, которая найдет поклонников во всем мире.

Что такое хип-хоп?

Основу хип-хоп культуры составляют пять столпов: ди-джеинг, эм-синг, брейкинг, граффити и knowledge. Афроамериканские ди-джеи стремились разнообразить монотонность диско-композиций и стали экспериментировать с пластинками, перекраивая композиции на свой лад. Музыкальная область хип-хопа обширна, но его суть для всех течений одна: начитывание рэпа – ритмичного речитатива – на мелодическую и ритмическую основу. Грендмастер Флеш (Grandmaster Flash) создал техническую основу хип-хопа, которая сейчас используется многими ди-джеями. Она состоит из сдвоенного комплекта проигрывателей, соединенных так, что можно звук одной пластинки накладывать на звук другой.

В 80-ые годы техника ди-джеев обогатилась новыми приемами: широко использоваться стал «скретч» — «поскребывание». Эта техника предполагает умение ди-джея двигать пластинку взад-вперед таким образом, чтобы не нарушался ритмический рисунок. Именно эта музыка и стала основой развития танцев в стиле хип-хоп.

Хип-хоп

Виды

Как отмечалось выше, хип-хоп это не просто музыка или танец, а молодежная субкультура в целом, позволяющая ее адептам проявить свою индивидуальность. Поэтому и танцевальные и музыкальные композиции в стиле хип-хоп могут существенно отличаться друг от друга. В культуре хип-хопа можно выделить следующие направления:

1. Музыка – рэп

2. Танец – брейк-дэнс

3. Изобразительное искусство – граффити, рисунок на стенах

4. Спорт – баскетбол и стритбол

В 80-90 годах возник такой феномен хип-хопа как гангстерский рэп. Тексты этого стиля были пронизаны агрессией, жестокостью и пропагандировали ценности криминальной среды.

Особенности хип-хопа

Хип-хоп возник как средство самовыражения афроамериканского населения Америки. Это течение впервые затронуло острые социальные, политические и расовые проблемы. Культура хип-хопа подразумевает и особый стиль одежды. Атрибутами одежды в стиле хип-хоп считаются широкие штаны, кроссовки, бейсболки, толстовки с капюшонами. Дополняют образ различные аксессуары – массивные цепи, бляхи, напульсники, широкие шнурки и т. д.

Сейчас хип-хоп одно из самых успешных, с коммерческой точки зрения, направлений современной культуры, а соответственно, и танцев.

Хип-хоп танец
Би-бой выступает в Турции в окружении группы зрителей. A Би-бой выступает в Турции в окружении группы зрителей.
Основные стили
Разрыв — — Поппинг
Производные стили
Стрит Мемфис Джукин — Торфинг — Джеркин — Крампинг
Студия Коммерческий / Новый стиль — Джаз-фанк — Лирический хип-хоп
Культурные маркеры
Влияния Uprock — Роботизация — Boogaloo
Атрибуты Экипажи — Freestyle — Battles — Cyphers-
Cultural Origins
Turntables — Фанк — афроамериканцы — пуэрториканцы — хххххдила N танцы / вечеринки

хип-хоп танец относится к улице танцевальные стили, в основном исполняемые под хип-хоп музыку или которые развились как часть хип-хоп культуры. Он включает в себя широкий спектр стилей, в первую очередь брейк, который был создан в 1970-х и стал популярным танцевальными коллективами в США. Телешоу Поезд души и фильмы 1980-х годов Breakin ‘, Beat Street и Wild Style продемонстрировали эти команды и танцевальные стили в их ранние стадии; таким образом, делая хип-хоп популярным. Танцевальная индустрия ответила коммерческой студийной версией хип-хопа, иногда называемой «новым стилем», и стилем джазового танца, на который повлиял хип-хоп, под названием «джаз-фанк». Танцоры, получившие классическое образование, разработали эти студийные стили, чтобы создать хореографию из танцев хип-хопа, которые исполнялись на улице. Из-за этого развития хип-хоп танцуют как в танцевальных студиях, так и на открытых площадках.

Коммерциализация хип-хопа продолжалась в 1990-е и 2000-е годы, когда было снято несколько телешоу и фильмов, таких как The Grind, Planet B-Boy, Ризе, StreetDance 3D, Лучшая танцевальная команда Америки, Saigon Electric, серия фильмов Step Up и LXD, веб-сериал. Хотя танец широко используется в сфере развлечений, в том числе в театральных представлениях, он широко используется в городских кварталах, что привело к созданию производных от уличных танцев Memphis jookin, turfing, jerkin ‘ и krump.

Фильмы, телешоу и Интернет 1980-х годов способствовали распространению хип-хопа за пределами Соединенных Штатов. С момента открытия возможности для получения образования и танцевальные соревнования помогли компании сохранить ее присутствие во всем мире. В Европе проводится несколько международных танцевальных соревнований по хип-хопу, таких как UK B-Boy Championships, Juste Debout и EuroBattle. В Австралии проводится командное соревнование под названием World Supremacy Battlegrounds, а в Японии — соревнование два на два под названием World Dance Colosseum.

Что отличает хип-хоп от других форм танца, так это то, что он часто носит «фристайл» (импровизационный) характер, и танцевальные коллективы хип-хопа часто участвуют в соревнованиях по фристайлу, которые в просторечии называются «битвами». Экипажи, фристайл и сражения — отличительные признаки этого стиля. Хип-хоп танец может быть формой развлечения или хобби. Это также может быть способом оставаться активным в танцевальных соревнованиях и способом заработать на жизнь профессиональным танцем.

Содержание

  • 1 История
  • 2 Основные стили
    • 2.1 Взлом
    • 2.2 Блокировка
    • 2.3 Поппинг
  • 3 Производные уличные стили
  • 4 Танцевальная индустрия
    • 4.1 Коммерческое / новое Стиль
    • 4.2 Джаз-фанк
    • 4.3 Развитие бизнеса
  • 5 Развлечения
    • 5.1 Кино
    • 5.2 Телевидение
    • 5.3 Театр
    • 5.4 Онлайн-контент
  • 6 Международные конкурсы
  • 7 Образование
  • 8 См. Также
  • 9 Сноски
  • 10 Ссылки
  • 11 Внешние ссылки

История

Хип-хоп танец — это обширная категория, которая включает в себя множество стилей. Старые танцевальные стили, созданные в 1970-х годах, включают апрок, брейк и фанк. Breaking был создан в Бронксе, Нью-Йорк, в начале 1970-х годов. В своей самой ранней форме он начинался как доработка танца Джеймса Брауна «Good Foot », который дебютировал в 1972 году. -ориентирован как сегодня; он начался как toprock, который танцоры исполняют стоя. На верхний рок оказал влияние апрок, который был создан в Бруклине, Нью-Йорк. Апрок похож на топрок, но более агрессивен и похож на бой. Uprock также исполняется с партнерами, но в toprock — и в брейке в целом — каждый танцует по очереди. В 1973 году DJ Kool Herc изобрел брейк-бит. брейк-бит — это ритмичная музыкальная интерлюдия песни, которая повторяется снова и снова, чтобы расширить инструментальное соло. Кул Херк сделал это для того, чтобы танцоры, приходившие на его вечеринки, продемонстрировали свое мастерство. B-boy и b-girl расшифровываются как «break-boy» и «break-girl»; Би-бои и би-девушки танцуют до побития рекордов. Под влиянием боевых искусств и гимнастики брейк из чисто вертикального стиля танца — только верхний рок — стал более ориентированным на пол.

В то время, когда в Нью-Йорке развивался брейк, в Калифорнии создавались и другие стили. Стили фанк относятся к нескольким стилям уличного танца, созданным в Калифорнии в 1970-х, таких как роботы, подпрыгивание, удары, блокировка, взлом, хлопанье, бугалу, напыщенность, жертвенность и остановка на копейке. Из всех этих танцев Бугалу — один из самых старых. Он начался как причудливый танец 1960-х и стал предметом нескольких песен, выпущенных в то время, таких как «Do the Boogaloo» и «My Baby Likes to Boogaloo». Из увлечения он превратился в стиль уличных танцев под названием Boogaloo в Окленде, Калифорния, а также в отдельный музыкальный жанр под названием Latin Boogaloo. Самыми популярными и широко применяемыми стилями фанк являются блокировка и поппинг. Телевизионное шоу «Поезд души» сыграло большую роль в коммерческом распространении этих стилей. И The Lockers, и The Electric Boogaloos — танцевальные бригады, ответственные за распространение запирания и лопания — выступили в этом шоу.

Исторически неверно утверждать, что Стиль фанк всегда считался хип-хопом. В интервью Racked, Монселл Дерден, доцент кафедры танцев в Университете Южной Калифорнии, цитирует слова: «Хип-хоп состоит из двух танцев: брейк-данса и социального. это. Ничего другого не является хип-хопом «. Стиль фанк был принят в хип-хоп во многом благодаря средствам массовой информации. Средства массовой информации идентифицировали эти стили как «брейк-данс», что вызвало недоумение относительно их происхождения. Они были созданы на западном побережье, независимо от брейка, и изначально танцевались под фанк, а не хип-хоп.

Поскольку брейк, локинг и поппинг стали популярными в 1980-х, начали развиваться хип-хоп социальные танцы (танцевальные вечеринки). Новые и модные танцы, такие как Кролик Роджер, Кочанная лужайка и Червь, появились в 1980-х годах, за ними последовал танец Шалтай и Бегущий человек в 1990-х. Музыка того времени была движущей силой в развитии этих танцев. Например, у рэп-группы 1980-х годов Gucci Crew II была песня под названием «», на которой был основан одноименный танец. Социальные танцы эпохи 2000-х включают Cha Cha Slide, Cat Daddy и Dougie. Вышеупомянутые танцы являются образцом многих танцев, появившихся с тех пор, как хип-хоп превратился в отдельный танцевальный стиль. Как и хип-хоп музыка, социальные хип-хоп танцы продолжают меняться по мере того, как выпускаются новые песни и создаются новые танцы, сопровождающие их.

Основные стили

Ломать

A черно-белая фотография российского би-боя, танцующего в Москве. Би-бой в кресле замирает на Street Summit 2006 в Москве.

Брейк был создан в Южном Бронксе, Нью-Йорк в начале 1970-х. Это первый танцевальный стиль хип-хоп. На момент своего создания это был единственный танцевальный стиль хип-хопа, потому что Африка Бамбаатаа классифицировала его как одну из пяти столпов хип-хоп культуры наряду с MCing (рэп), DJing (турнтаблизм), граффити (бомбардировка) и знания. Хотя афроамериканцы создавали ломку, пуэрториканцы продолжали расти и развиваться, когда это считалось модой в конце 1970-х годов. В интервью 2001 года Ричард «Crazy Legs» Колон, президент Rock Steady Crew, прокомментировал, как пуэрториканцы способствовали взлому: «Я думаю, разница в том, когда братаны впервые начали это делать, и это были в зачаточном состоянии, они не делали акробатических движений. Это не применялось до тех пор, пока в середине 70-х не было задействовано больше пуэрториканцев. Затем мы взяли танец, развили его и сохранили. В 79-м я был разочарован Я ходил на танцы, и меня раздражало множество братьев, которые спрашивали: «Почему вы все еще занимаетесь этим танцем? Это разыграно». К 79 годам было очень мало афроамериканцев, которые это делали… Мы всегда поддерживали флаву. Это было похоже на смену караула, и все, что мы сделали, это добавили больше флавы к тому, что уже существовало ». Брейкинг включает четыре основных танца: топ-рок, шаги, ориентированные на работу ног, выполняемые стоя; Downrock, работа ног, выполняемая обеими руками и ногами на полу; замирает, делают стильные позы на руках; и силовые движения, сложные и впечатляющие акробатические движения. Переходы от верхней скалы к нижней скале называются «каплями».

Традиционно брейкеры танцуют внутри шифра или линии Apache. Сайфер — это танцевальное пространство круглой формы, образованное зрителями, которое брейкеры используют для выступления или битвы. Шифры хорошо подходят для битв один на один b-boy или b-girl (break-boy / break-girl); однако Apache Lines более уместны, когда битва ведется между двумя командами — командами уличных танцоров. В отличие от круглой формы шифра, соревнующиеся команды сталкиваются друг с другом в линии Apache, бросают вызов друг другу и выполняют свои ожоги (ход, предназначенный для унижения противника, например, захват промежности).

Блокировка

Локинг, первоначально называвшийся Кэмпбеллокингом, был создан в 1969 году в Лос-Анджелесе, Калифорния, Доном «Кэмпбеллоком» Кэмпбеллом и популяризирован его командой The Lockers. Помимо Кэмпбелла, первоначальными участниками The Lockers были Фред «Мистер Пингвин» Берри, Лео «Флуки Люк» Уильямсон, Адольфо «Шабба-Ду» Киньонес, Билл «Робот Слим» Уильямс, Грег «Кэмпбеллок-младший» Поуп, и Тони Бэзил, который также был менеджером группы. На чемпионате мира по хип-хоп танцу 2009 Бэзил стала первой женщиной, получившей награду Living Legend Award в честь ее роли в коммерческой рекламе.

Блокировка похожа на щелчок, и их часто путает случайный наблюдатель. В блокировке танцоры дольше удерживают свои позиции. Замок — это основной ход, используемый при запирании. Это «похоже на замирание или внезапную паузу». Танец шкафчика характеризуется частой фиксацией на месте и после краткого замораживания движением снова. Согласно журналу Dance Spirit, танцор не может одновременно выполнять и запирание, и поппинг; таким образом, называть блокировку «всплывающей блокировкой» некорректно. В то время как оба стиля из Лос-Анджелеса, лок и поппинг — это два разных стиля фанк со своей историей, своим собственным набором танцевальных движений, своими пионерами и своими собственными категориями соревнований. Блокировка более игривая и управляемая персонажем, в то время как щелчок более иллюзорен. В поппинге танцоры раздвигают границы того, что они могут делать со своим телом. Локинг имеет определенные танцевальные движения, которые отличают его от поппинга и других стилей фанк. В книге 2006 года Total Chaos историк хип-хопа Хорхе «Попмастер Фабель» Пабон перечисляет некоторые из этих движений, которые включают в себя «замок, точки, скитер [кролики], скуби-ду, стоп-энд-гоу, что-прочь, и фантазии».. » Кроме того, шкафчики обычно используют особый стиль одежды, характеризующийся яркой одеждой в полоску и подтяжками.

Поппинг

Внешнее видео
значок видео Смотреть: «Черные посланники как механическое устройство, выполняющие техники бугалу. шоу гонг, транслировавшееся по национальному телевидению в 1977 году (4 мин.) » на YouTube

Поппинг произошел от более раннего движения уличных танцев Boogaloo, имевшего место в Окленд, Калифорния, в конце 1960-х годов танцевальная форма Boogaloo включала в себя техники задушевных шагов, движений рук, покадровой анимации, робота и жесткого позирования, которые сокращали мышцы во время роботизированных поз для музыка Фанка. На протяжении 1960-х и 1970-х годов группы Boogaloo в Окленде, Калифорния, такие как One Plus One, Black Resurgents и Black Messengers, помогали популяризировать танец. Ранние движения Boogaloo вдохновляли группы по всему району залива Сан-Франциско и в конечном итоге распространились на Фресно, Калифорния в 1970-х годах и были популяризированы Самуэлем «Бугалу Сэмом» Соломоном и его командой Электрические бугалу. Он основан на технике быстрого сокращения и расслабления мышц, чтобы вызвать рывок в теле танцора, называемый хлопком или ударом. Он также известен как «Жесткая поза» из традиции Boogaloo, эта техника была изобретена группой Boogaloo, Черными посланниками из Окленда. При правильном исполнении каждый удар синхронизируется с ритмом и ударами музыки. Поппинг также используется как общий термин для обозначения широкого диапазона тесно связанных стилей иллюзорного танца, таких как стробинг, жидкость, анимация, твисто-флекс и размахивание. Танцоры часто объединяют эти стили со стандартным поппингом, чтобы создать более разнообразное исполнение. Во всех этих поджанрах зрителю кажется, что тело выскакивает. Разница между каждым поджанром состоит в том, насколько сильно это поппинг. В жидкости движения тела похожи на воду. Хлопок настолько плавный, что движения совсем не похожи на хлопки; они выглядят текучими. Противоположность этому — стробирование (также называемое тиканием), при котором движения отрывистые и отрывистые.

Поппинг как общий термин также включает в себя скольжение. Скольжение — это танец нижней части тела, выполняемый практически без движений в груди или руках. При скольжении танцор выглядит так, как будто он плывет по полу по льду. В отличие от скольжения, это танец верхней части тела, в котором используются руки, кисти и запястья для формирования прямых углов и создания геометрических коробчатых форм. Ретттинг можно делать в основном пальцами, а не руками. Этот метод называется «выжиманием пальцев». В обоих вариантах движения сложные, линейные и образуют углы 90 ° или 45 °. На практике тутутинг выглядит как персонажи искусства древнего Египта, отсюда и название — отсылка к Тутанхамону.

, а термин «поппинг» как зонтичный термин широко используется танцорами хип-хопа. а в соревнованиях по хип-хопу Тимоти «Попин ‘Пит» Соломон из группы Electric Boogaloos не согласен с использованием слова «поппинг» в этом смысле. Многие из этих связанных стилей (анимация, плавность, треп и т. Д.) Нельзя отнести к одному человеку или группе. Соломон заявляет: «Есть люди, которые машут руками, а есть люди, которые тренируются. Они не появляются. Я говорю это, чтобы дать людям, создавшим другие стили, их справедливое вознаграждение и их реквизит.»

Производные уличные стили

Спустя десятилетия после того, как были установлены ломка, запирание и поппинг, появилось четыре новых танцевальных стиля. Три из них происходят из Калифорнии, а один — из Теннесси. Memphis Jookin ‘был создан в 1980-х годах в Мемфисе, Теннесси. Это эволюция более старого мемфисского линейного танца под названием The Gangsta ‘Walk. Согласно Dance Magazine, для джукина характерно то, что танцоры «скользят ногами… хлопают и машут… [и] используют кончики кроссовок, чтобы удерживать равновесие на пуантах. «Скольжение на цыпочках — основа этого танца. Наблюдая за джукинским боем в Джексоне, Теннесси,, танцевальный критик Аластер Маколей заметил, что «наиболее очевидной сенсационной особенностью джекина является широкое использование того, что наблюдатель балета обязан работа по вызову: мужчины в кроссовках встают на цыпочки… многие из мужчин не только вставали на точку, но и прыгали, поворачивались, бегали и балансировали на точке ». Джукеры традиционно отрабатывали свои движения на катке Crystal Palace в Мемфис, сродни тому, как milongueros отрабатывают свои движения в общественных местах в Буэнос-Айресе.

Turfing, аббревиатуре от «Занимать место на полу», был создан в 2002 году Джериел Бей в Окленде, Калифорния. Торфинг — это сочетание имитации и скольжения, в котором большой упор делается на повествование (через движение) и иллюзию. Помимо гордости района залива Сан-Франциско, дёрфинг не стал модой из-за местных танцевальных соревнований по газону и местных молодежных программ, которые продвигают его как форму физической активности.

Стиль танца Jerkin ‘ был популяризирован в 2009 году рэп-песней группы New Boyz «You’re a Jerk «. Эта песня стала вирусной через их страницу в MySpace до того, как у них появился менеджер или был подписан контракт с лейблом. Услышав о песне, радиостанция Лос-Анджелеса Power 106 наняла New Boyz для выступления в местных средних школах. Эти шоу привели к тому, что «You’re a Jerk» вошел в плейлист радио. Позже в том же году рэп-дуэт Audio Push выпустил песню и видео «Teach Me How to Jerk», в которых были продемонстрированы различные танцевальные движения в jerkin ‘, включая Reject — The Running Man, выполненную в обратном порядке. Танцовщицы, которые исполняют джеркинг, обычно носят яркие цвета, джинсы скинни, ирокезы и кроссовки Vans. Эта тенденция перекликается с танцорами 1970-х годов, которые традиционно носили подтяжки и носки в черно-белую полоску. Что касается танца, то журналист Джефф Вайс из LA Weekly заявил: «Для молодежной культуры, выросшей на культе индивидуализма, дрочить — это его апофеоз ». Подобно взлому, запиранию и хлопку, жакет стал популярным среди танцевальных коллективов. Например, The Rej3ctz (команда) создала и Cat Daddy, и танцевальные движения Reject.

Хотя шутливость, дерганье и дергание вызвало региональную поддержку и внимание средств массовой информации, никто не достиг такого же зенита, как крампинг. Чезаре «Tight Eyez» Уиллис и Джо’Артис «Большой Миджо» Ратти создали крампинг в начале 2000-х годов в Южном Центре, Лос-Анджелес. Это практиковалось только в Лос-Анджелесе, пока оно не стало популярным после того, как было показано в нескольких музыкальных клипах и продемонстрировано в крампинговом документальном фильме Rize. Ризе показывали на нескольких кинофестивалях, прежде чем он был коммерчески выпущен летом 2005 года. Клоунинг, менее агрессивный предшественник крампинга, был создан в 1992 году Томасом «Томми Клоун» Джонсоном. Джонсон и его танцоры раскрашивали лица и играли клоуны для детей на вечеринках по случаю дня рождения или для широкой публики на других мероприятиях в качестве развлечения. Напротив, крампинг фокусируется на очень энергичных битвах и движениях, которые Джонсон описывает как интенсивные, быстрые и резкие. Что касается танца, то журналист Тайша Пэггетт из журнала Dance заявила: «Если бы движение было словами, [крампинг] был бы стихотворением ». По сравнению с брейк-стилем и фанком, джукинг, дёрфинг, тряпка и крампинг стали относительно новыми. Музыка, управляющая танцами, и культурное сходство между этими стилями street dance, стилями фанк и брейкингом объединили их в рамках одной субкультуры хип-хопа.

Танцевальная индустрия

Коммерческий / новый стиль

Танцевальная индустрия ответила на танец хип-хоп, создав его коммерческую версию. Эта городская хореография или студийный хип-хоп, иногда называемый «новым стилем», представляет собой танец хип-хопа, который можно увидеть в клипах и на концертах в стиле рэп, RB и поп-музыки. С точки зрения человека, глубоко погруженного в хип-хоп культуру, все, что похоже на хип-хоп танец, пришедшее не с улицы и не импровизационное по своей природе, не является настоящей формой хип-хоп танца. В интервью журналу Dance хореограф и преподаватель хип-хопа Эмилио «Buddha Stretch» ​​Остин-младший описал свою точку зрения:

Есть много джазовых танцоров, исполняющих псевдохип-хоп. Многие учителя не знают истории, они просто учат шаги. Они учатся на видео, но не знают культуры. Если все, что вы видите, это Бритни Спирс, вы думаете, что это хип-хоп, но это никогда не было хип-хопом. Он полностью разбавлен. И студии могут [sic] меньше заботиться, потому что хип-хоп — один из самых больших источников дохода.

Сценическое выступление может подавить импровизацию, которая определяла хип-хоп танец на раннем этапе его развития. Более того, сочетание разных танцевальных стилей разрушает их структуру и идентичность. В интервью The Bronx Journal хореограф и художественный руководитель Сафи Томас выразил такое же беспокойство, что и Остин, по поводу обучения хип-хопу в студии:

Во многих студиях вы обнаружите, что люди просто делают движения под музыку хип-хопа.. Так что, если на заднем плане звучит хип-хоп музыка, и они движутся, они называют это классом хип-хопа. Проблема в том, что, допустим, я хотел вести балетный класс, и я просто пришел, набросил на Моцарта и просто начал двигаться — и я не выполняю никаких основных элементов. Я не использую словарный запас балета. Я не могу назвать это балетным классом, и это то, что происходит в отношении хип-хопа… в рамках студии нет стандарта для этого вида искусства, и [учителя] не знают, что является основополагающими элементами искусства. находятся. Они ничего не знают о хлопке, ничего о блокировках, ничего о бугалу, брейкинге или танцах хип-хоп — социальных танцах — или обо всем этом. Они ничего не знают об истории, которая насчитывает более 30–35 лет, и поэтому они практически исключают любые виды назидания, которые может иметь танцор.

Танцор хип-хопа выступает на сцене в театре армейской базы Форт-Бельвуар. Танцор хип-хопа Джозеф Койн выступал в 2011 году в Театр Уоллеса в Форт-Бельвуар, Вирджиния.

Термин «новый стиль» был создан танцорами за пределами Соединенных Штатов. По словам Монселла Дердена, адъюнкт-профессора в Университете Дрекселя и директора фильма «История и концепция хип-хоп танца», танцевальный документальный фильм 1992 года Wreckin ‘Shop From Brooklyn оказал большое влияние на танцоров хип-хопа во Франции и Япония. Эти танцоры хотели двигаться, как танцоры нью-йоркского хип-хопа, о которых рассказывается в документальном фильме. Они назвали социальные танцы (party dancing) «новым стилем», что было сокращением от «New York Style».

В контексте индустрии коммерческого танца, хип-хоп (или хип-хоп нового стиля для танцоры во Франции и Японии) — это хореография городских вечеринок с добавлением студийной техники. С технической точки зрения, он характеризуется как тяжелый удар, включающий гибкость и изоляцию — перемещение определенной части тела независимо от других.

«Я бы сказал, что Тони Бэзил был чем-то вроде нашего Эйба Саперштейна в терминах о том, как она смогла организовать нас в профессиональную танцевальную труппу. Я помню, как она учила нас считать музыку. Она сказала: «Ладно, мы как будто считали музыку? Как вы считаете соул? Это было безумие, понимаете?»… все наши реплики звучали примерно так: бум, поп, бум, пада да бум, пада в таком роде. И она спросила, как вы, ребята, так синхронизируетесь? Я сказал, что это чувство, вы знаете? «

Адольфо» Шабба-Ду «Киньонес;. The Lockers

Важным этапом в развитии хип-хопа было добавление восьми счетов, метод подсчет танцевальных шагов, чтобы синхронизировать с музыкой. Тони Бэзил представил эту студийную технику запирания в 1970-х. Бэзил обучался балету, прежде чем его познакомил с уличными танцами Дон Кэмпбелл, создатель замков и член-основатель танцевальной группы The Lockers. Она отвечает за обучение остальных участников The Lockers танцевать на счету. Традиционно танец хип-хоп или любая форма уличного танца не засчитывается, поскольку эти стили были созданы на улице, а не в студии. Таким образом, введение графов стало поворотным моментом в переносе уличных танцев хип-хопа в студию. Даже с этим дополнением пройдут годы, прежде чем коммерческий хип-хоп превратится в его нынешнюю форму.

Вторым важным событием в развитии хип-хопа стало начало обучения хип-хопу танцам. Будда Стретч был пионером в этой области. Он начал вести уроки хип-хопа в 1989 году в Бродвейском танцевальном центре в Нью-Йорке, где он продолжает преподавать сегодня. Примерно в то же время танцы в стиле хип-хоп начали появляться в музыкальных клипах и на телевидении — это был еще один важный момент в развитии и коммерциализации хип-хопа. Ранний пример этого — когда Джанет Джексон исполнила «Бегущего человека» в своем видеоклипе 1989 года на песню «Rhythm Nation », хореографию которой поставил уличный танцор Энтони Томас. Танец был настолько популярен в то время, что его также исполняли рэперы 1990-х годов MC Hammer и Vanilla Ice в их хореографических выступлениях. Майкл Джексон также использовал хип-хоп в своем видеоклипе 1992 года «Remember The Time », поставленным тогда 21-летней Фатимой Робинсон. В то время Робинсон была уличной танцовщицей без формального образования, и «Remember the Time» была ее первой работой в музыкальном видео. Согласно MTV.com, «танцы всегда были частью хип-хоп культуры — от бега до танцев Soulja Boy…», и эта эпоха стала началом коммерческой хореографии хип-хопа, как она выглядит сегодня: танец программы не являются специфическими для одного жанра (строго поп, строго блокирующий или строго нарушающий), а скорее слияние городских танцевальных вечеринок с добавленной к нему студийной техникой.

Джаз-фанк

Еще одним стилем, созданным танцевальной индустрией в ответ на хип-хоп, был джаз-фанк. Джаз-фанк (также называемый стрит-джазом) — это гибрид хип-хопа и джазового танца. Этот стиль был показан в своей ранней форме в скетч-комедийном сериале под названием In Living Color. Постоянная танцевальная труппа The Fly Girls открывала и закрывала каждое шоу хип-хоп и джазовым исполнением в хореографии Рози Перес. Певица RB Бейонсе использует этот стиль. Корейский танцевальный коллектив Prepix также использует этот стиль. Они ставили хореографию для исполнителей K-pop Джей Пак и G.NA, а также для бойз-бэндов K-pop 2PM и B2ST. Хотя джаз-фанк заимствован из хип-хопа, он не считается стилем хип-хопа, потому что в основе его движения лежит джаз. В хип-хопе — даже в лирическом хип-хопе — нет пируэтов или арабеск, и танцоры не выступают на релеве ( на подушечках стоп). Однако эти методы в основном используются в джаз-фанке и джазовом танце в целом.

Развитие бизнеса

Другие изменения в танцевальной индустрии произошли в ответ на растущую популярность хип-хопа. На дорожных съездах проводились мероприятия по чечетке, балету и джазу, но специально для хип-хопа не было. Такая же пустота существовала и в танцевальной одежде. Была танцевальная одежда для танцоров чечетки, балета и джаза, но не для танцоров хип-хопа. Танцевальная одежда Monsters of Hip Hop и Nappytabs была создана, чтобы удовлетворить обе потребности. Nappytabs — первая линия танцевальной одежды в стиле хип-хоп. Поскольку их одежда предназначена для танцоров хип-хопа, они не продают трико, комбинезоны, колготки или гетры. Их линия включает майки, шорты, футболки, спортивные штаны, шаровары и толстовки. Monsters of Hip Hop (MOHH) была основана в 2003 году в Балтиморе, штат Мэриленд, Энди Фанком, Бекки Фанк и Энджи Сервант. Конвенция посвящена исключительно обучению хип-хопу. Фатима Робинсон, Стефан «Мистер Уигглз » Клементе и Тимоти «Попин Пит» Соломон в прошлом преподавали в Минздраве. Каждый год конвент собирает своих лучших студентов-танцоров для профессионально организованного шоу в Лос-Анджелесе под названием Monsters of Hip Hop: The Show.

MOHH, возможно, был первым танцевальным соглашением в стиле хип-хоп, но это не так. единственный существующий. Urban Dance Camp (UDC) — это шестинедельный танцевальный конгресс в Германии, который ежегодно проводится в Лёррах, небольшом городке на границе Франции и Швейцарии. В отчете о мероприятии местной газеты Беттина Крафт, менеджер UDC, подсчитала, что 85% участников были из-за пределов Германии. В 2009 году компания Kraft создала Urban Dance Showcase — параллельное мероприятие UDC, предназначенное только для выступлений профессиональных хореографов, танцевальных коллективов и преподавателей UDC. Танцоры, такие как Shaun Evaristo, Les Twins, I.aM.mE, b-boy Lilou и b-boy Hong 10 уже выступали на шоукейсе.

Помимо танцевальной одежды и конвенций, произошли изменения в представительстве агентств. Несмотря на ограниченность, представительство отдельных танцоров существовало с 1980-х годов, в начале эры музыкального видео, благодаря новаторской работе талантливого агента Джули Макдональд. Однако британские танцевальные агентства ProDance и Superbad Talent были созданы исключительно для представления уличных танцоров.

Развлечения

Кино

Индустрия развлечений в значительной степени ответственна за внедрение модных танцев. хоп танцевать для основной аудитории по всему миру. Первые фильмы о хип-хопе Wild Style, Beat Street и Breakin ‘ были сняты в 1980-х. Когда Wild Style открылся в Японии, Rock Steady Crew выступили с брейком в торговом районе Харадзюку в Токио, чтобы продвинуть фильм. «Дикий стиль» был первым фильмом, посвященным культуре хип-хопа; тем не менее, Flashdance был первым коммерчески выпущенным фильмом, в котором был разыгран художественный фильм. В 1984 году Beat Street был выпущен в Западной Германии и показан на Каннском кинофестивале, который помог познакомить с брейкингом, граффити и тернтаблизмом в эту часть Европы. Breakin ‘и Breakin’ 2: Electric Boogaloo принесли в кино стили фанк. В этих фильмах были показаны взлом, запирание, щелчок и ваакинг. В то время, в 80-е, США были не единственной страной, производящей фильмы о хип-хопе. В 1985 году Юн Ву-пин снял в Гонконге романтическую комедию на тему хип-хопа под названием Несоответствующие пары с Донни Йеном в главной роли. Еще один хип-хоп фильм, Electro Rock, был выпущен в том же году в Великобритании. В этом фильме участвовала 14-летняя Ханифа «Пузыри» Маккуин Хадсон, первая би-девушка в Великобритании.

После тысячелетия было снято несколько танцевальных фильмов о хип-хопе. Самые свежие дети: история би-бой, Neukölln Unlimited, B-Girl, Bouncing Cats, Planet B-Boy и Battle года: The Dream Team разрушение всех витрин. Такие фильмы, как Милый, Спаси последний танец, Тебя обслужили, серия фильмов Шаг вперед, StreetDance 3D, Hype Nation, Saigon Electric, Berlin Dance Battle 3D и ABCD: Any Body Can Dance демонстрируют все формы хип-хопа, особенно хип-хоп нового стиля. Ризе, Сердце Крампа и Шейк Сити 101 — документальные фильмы о крампинге. Все эти фильмы и документальные фильмы являются примерами фильмов, в которых сюжет и тема окружают танец хип-хоп и как он влияет на жизнь персонажей. Bouncing Cats — это история би-бойца Абрахама «Абрамза» Текья, который использует би-боинг для расширения возможностей молодежи в Уганде. В 2010 году фильм получил награду «Выдающееся достижение в области документального кино» на кинофестивале в Ньюпорт-Бич и «Лучший документальный фильм» на кинофестивале Urbanworld. Saigon Electric был первым вьетнамским фильмом о хип-хопе. Он был написан, продюсирован и снят американским вьетнамским режиссером Стефаном Гогером. Фильм рассказывает о двух танцовщицах (танцовщица с лентой и танцовщица хип-хопа) и о том, как их романтические отношения, угроза сноса их общественного центра и стресс предстоящей танцевальной битвы влияют на их дружбу. Хореографию фильма поставили Вьет Макс и Рики Коул. В 2012 году она выиграла премию Golden Kite Prize (вьетнамский эквивалент премии «Оскар» / BAFTA ) в категориях «Лучший фильм» и «Лучшая женская роль».>

Телевидение

Прежде чем попасть в кинозал, танец хип-хоп уже транслировался по телевидению. Поезд души был синдицированным музыкальным развлекательным шоу, в котором участвовали социальные танцы и выступления афроамериканских исполнителей соула, фанка и RB. Шоу транслировалось в Южной Корее через Корейскую сеть вооруженных сил США. Прежде чем официально стать командой, The Lockers несколько раз появлялись в этом шоу. После того, как они стали съемочной группой, The Electric Boogaloos также появились в шоу. Премьера «Поезд души» состоялась в 1970 году. В течение 36 лет выступления местных танцоров фристайла называли «Бандой поезда души». Прослушивания проводились в 1971 году, когда шоу переехало из Чикаго, штат Иллинойс, в Лос-Анджелес, штат Калифорния. Танцоры, которые хотели попасть в Soul Train после этого времени, должны были полагаться на рекомендации танцоров, которые уже были наняты на шоу. Регулярным показом во время трансляции была линия Soul Train. Для участия танцоры выстроились в две линии равной длины, обращенные друг к другу, с большим пространством между ними. Каждый танцор в очереди танцевал бы посередине.

Другие музыкальные развлекательные шоу на телевидении в то время были American Bandstand, Solid Gold и Top of the Pops. В отличие от Soul Train, в котором основное внимание уделялось соул и фанку, эти шоу продвигали Top 40 музыки и поп-групп. Solid Gold наняла постоянную танцевальную труппу под названием Solid Gold Dancers, которая исполняла хореографические номера на музыкальных представлениях. Люсинда Дики, актриса и танцовщица, сыгравшая ведущую роль в фильмах Breakin ‘, появилась в сериале в сезоне 1982–1983 годов как танцовщица Solid Gold. В 1983 году уличные танцоры Марк «Мистер Фриз» Лембергер из Rock Steady Crew, Тимоти «Попин Пит» Соломон и датчанин «Робот Дейн» Паркер из группы Electric Boogaloos, а также танцоры Альфа «Омега» Андерсон и Льюис «Заместитель» Грин также появился на Solid Gold во время исполнения песни «What a Feeling » из фильма Flashdance. В 1982 году во время выступления в Лондоне на Top of the Pops уличный танцор Джеффри Дэниел исполнил поппинг и откат во время песни «A Night to Remember ». Это был первый раз, когда поппинг был показан по британскому телевидению, что способствовало распространению его популярности в Объединенное королевство. Год спустя Майкл Джексон также совершил отступление во время выступления «Билли Джин » в телешоу «Motown 25 ». Он назвал это лунной походкой, и его исполнение распространило свою популярность во всем мире в гораздо большей степени, чем выступление Даниэля. Джеффри Дэниел научил Майкла Джексона делать откат / лунную походку.

Четыре члена хип-хоп танцевальной команды JabbaWockeeZ выступают в ночном клубе в белых масках и белых перчатках. JabbaWockeez, победители первого сезона конкурса Best Dance Crew Америки, выступали в 2008 году в ночном клубе Vivid в Сан-Хосе, Калифорния.

Несколько танцевальных шоу в стиле хип-хоп появилось на телевидении в 1990-х, например, The Party Machine с Нией Пиплс 1991 года и The Grind 1992 года. В 2000-х годах состоялась премьера нескольких танцевальных шоу в стиле хип-хоп, включая (но не ограничиваясь ими) Dance Fever, Dance 360 ​​, The Wade Robson Project, MTV Dance Crew, Лучшая танцевальная команда Америки, Танцы на закате и Shake It Up. В 2006 году MTV France задокументировало создание танцевальной группы для оригинального сериала под названием MTV Dance Crew. Зрители смогли увидеть съемочную группу от прослушиваний до отбора из восьми финалистов, которые впоследствии были названы Original Soul. Тренировали Original Soul три профессиональных хореографа, которые наставляли их и помогали совершенствовать их танец. В течение 32 эпизодов они регулярно участвовали в профессиональных танцевальных баталиях, включая popping battle at, Seven 2 Smoke battle в The Notorious IBE и битвы b-boy в Chelles Battle Pro Би-бой Лилу, команда би-бой Фаза Т и промоутер Брюс Иканджи (основатель Juste Debout) — все они появились в шоу.

Основатели Hip Hop International, Ховард и Карен Шварц, в 2008 году создали танцевальный конкурс реалити-хип-хопа America’s Best Dance Crew (ABDC). На шоу каждую неделю разные команды соревновались в танцевальных состязаниях друг с другом.. ABDC внесла свой вклад в раскрытие нескольких команд, таких как Jabbawockeez, Quest, Beat Freaks, Poreotics и Kinjaz. У этих команд теперь есть официальные сайты, они работают с музыкальными артистами и выступают на живых мероприятиях. У JabbaWockeeZ было шоу в Лас-Вегасе, штат Невада, под названием MÜS.I.C. на курорте и казино Монте-Карло. МУЗЫКА. было первым танцевальным шоу в стиле хип-хоп на Лас-Вегас-Стрип. В 2012 году Jabbawockeez выступили с шоу во время пятимесячной резиденции в отеле и казино Jupiters в Голд-Кост, Квинсленд, Австралия. И Poreotics, и Хокуто «Hok» Кониши из Quest были номинированы на 2011 MTV Video Music Award за лучшую хореографию. Poreotics был номинирован вместе с певцом Бруно Марсом за его видео «The Lazy Song «. Хок был номинирован на фильм LMFAO «Party Rock Anthem »; Остальная часть команды Quest появилась в видео в качестве представленных танцоров.

В отличие от ABDC, отдельные танцоры из всех слоев общества соревнуются в конкурсе реалити-танцев Итак, вы думаете, что можете танцевать (SYTYCD) и Мир танца (WOD). Он имеет аналогичную предпосылку для серии песенных конкурсов Idol с первоначальными прослушиваниями, ведущими к выбору победителя в течение нескольких эпизодов. В 2008 году попперы Роберт «Мистер Фантастик» Мурайн и Филипп «Пакман» Чбиб прошли прослушивание во время четвертого сезона американского сериала SYTYCD. Ни тот, ни другой не вошли в финальную «20-ку», но судьи были настолько впечатлены их танцами, что оба были приглашены снова принять участие в битве друг против друга в финале шоу. По словам Мурайна, это был первый массовый бой, который транслировался по национальному телевидению. После битвы танцор хип-хопа Джошуа Аллен был объявлен победителем четвертого сезона конкурса. В том же году Мона-Жанетт Бернтсен, танцовщица хип-хопа из Норвегии, выиграла первый сезон Итак, вы думаете, что можете танцевать, Скандинавия. В 2017 году хип-хоп-дуэт Les Twins выиграл первый сезон World of Dance. Команда хип-хопа The Lab выиграла в следующем году.

Хип-хоп танец также был популярен среди зрителей сериала Got Talent. Французский танцор хип-хопа Салах выиграл первый сезон Incroyable Talent в 2006 году. Французский би-бой Джуниор выиграл второй сезон в 2007 году. В 2008 году танцор хип-хопа Джордж Сэмпсон выиграл Britain’s Got Talent, датский дуэт Robot Boys выиграл Talent 2008 (da ), а команда хип-хопа Quick выиграла норвежская версия шоу. После Джорджа Сэмпсона танцевальная команда Diversity выиграла следующий сезон Britain’s Got Talent в 2009 году. В том же году бразильская команда D-Efeitos выиграла Qual é o Seu Talento? (В чем твой талант?). В 2010 году команда Justice Crew выиграла Australia’s Got Talent. После подписания контракта на запись с Sony Music Australia, Justice Crew сняли видео на свой сингл «Dance with Me » с участием рэпера Фло Риды и выпускников America’s Best Dance Crew Beat Freaks. В 2015 году, через девять лет после того, как он выиграл Incroyable Talent, хип-хоп танцор Салах выиграл четвертый сезон Arabs Got Talent.

Theatre

Черно-белая фотография хореографа и художественного руководителя Ренни Харриса. Хореограф и художественный руководитель Ренни Харрис в 2011 году.

Хотя хип- Танцы хмеля широко используются в кино и на телевидении, но в театре они не получили такого же внимания. Это может быть связано с тем, что танец чаще исполняется в кино и на телевидении, чем в театральной постановке. Би-бой и поппер Стефан «Мистер Уигглс » Клементе и историк хип-хопа Хорхе «Попмастер Фабель» Пабон были вовлечены в хип-хоп театр с самого его основания. Их танцевальная компания GhettOriginal подготовила первые сценические шоу в стиле хип-хоп: бродвейский мюзикл 1991 года So! Что происходит сейчас? и Jam on the Groove 1995 года. Оба шоу были выполнены Rock Steady Crew, Magnificent Force и Rhythm Techniques. Помимо пионеров в Нью-Йорке была труппа хип-хопа Puremovement Ренни Харриса. Харрис основал Puremovement в 1992 году в Филадельфии, штат Пенсильвания. Одно из театральных представлений Puremovement «Rome Jewels» было удостоено двух наград Black Theater Alliance Awards и трех Bessie Awards. В 2012 году Харрис и его компания совершили поездку по Египту, Израилю и палестинским территориям в рамках программы Dance Motion USA, спонсируемой Государственным департаментом США, для демонстрации американского танца в других странах и содействия культурному обмену.

Немецкий пионер би-боя Нильс «Шторм» Робицки имеет свои корни в хип-хоп театре. В 1991 году Робицки, прозванный «Свайп», покинул Германию со своей командой Battle Squad и отправился в Нью-Йорк в поисках легенд би-бой, которым они могли бы учиться. Приехав в Нью-Йорк, он встретил би-бой Габриэля «Квикстеп» Дионисио, который лично наставлял его и познакомил с нью-йоркскими техниками. Находясь в Нью-Йорке, он также узнал о стилях фанк от Клементе. Клементе и Дионисио знали друг друга, так как Дионисио был одним из первых членов GhettOriginal и Rhythm Techniques. Год спустя, в 1992 году, Робицки выступал с GhettOriginal в Центре Кеннеди в Вашингтоне, округ Колумбия, и в Линкольн-центре в Нью-Йорке. Именно Дионисио дал Робицки новое имя — «Буря». В 2000 году он написал книгу под названием Von Swipe zu Storm: Breakdance in Deutschland (От Swipe to Storm: Breakdance в Германии).

Танцоры в Великобритании добились успеха в хип-хоп театре. В 2006 году танцевальная хип-хоп компания Boy Blue Entertainment выиграла Laurence Olivier Award за свое шоу Pied Piper. В 2008 году Into the Hoods стал первым представлением хип-хоп театра, которое дало представление в лондонском Вест-Энде. В конечном итоге это стало самым продолжительным танцевальным шоу в Вест-Энде.

Онлайн-контент

YAK Films — это команда из трех человек, которая снимает городские танцы по всему миру. Он был основан в Окленде, штат Калифорния, Йорамом Сэвионом и Кашем Граймсом. Их первые видео были о танцевальной команде Turf Feinz, исполняющей turfing — региональный танцевальный стиль хип-хоп из Окленда. Получив значительное количество просмотров на YouTube, они основали YAK (Yoram And Kash) Films и добавили в команду музыкального продюсера Бена «B’zwax» Тарквина. От съемок видео только в Соединенных Штатах они смогли легко перейти к освещению танцевальных мероприятий в Европе благодаря двойному французскому гражданству Савьона. В 2009 году они сняли для Битву года первое индивидуальное соревнование би-бойцов, а в 2010 году они снимали танцевальные баталии на французском конкурсе уличных танцев. Некоторые из их наиболее популярных видео были показаны в Oakland Local, а Huffington Post.

Juba Films была основана в Германии Жюльеном Бамом и Гонг Бао. Вместо того, чтобы снимать фристайл-контент, Джуба («Ju» lien и «Ba» o) выпускает короткометражные фильмы с сюжетной линией. За свой короткометражный фильм о би-бой «More Than Bread» они заняли первое место на 7-м Международном танцевальном онлайн-фестивале в 2011 году. И Juba Films, и YAK Films появились на конференции The Notorious IBE New Dance Media. обсуждает связь между уличными танцами и изобразительным искусством. Хотя Juba Films выиграла награду, а YAK Films организовала громкие мероприятия, они не единственные кинопроизводственные команды, распространяющие видео о танцах в стиле хип-хоп в Интернете. House of Crews, Strife TV, Pacific Rim Video Press, ProDance TV, Battle Fest Extreme, Urban Dance Show, Ocke Films, World of Dance Network и Canal Street TV также производят сотни высококачественных танцевальных материалов в стиле хип-хоп.

Легион выдающихся танцоров (The LXD) был тематическим сериалом «добро и зло» веб-сериалом о группе танцоров, которые обнаруживают, что обладают сверхспособностями благодаря своим танцевальным движениям. Каждый персонаж специализируется на одном танцевальном стиле. Следовательно, отображается широкий спектр стилей, включая крампинг, туктинг, разрыв, блокировку, бугалу и поппинг. Большинство представленных в сериале танцев — хип-хоп; однако исполнялись и другие стили, включая джаз, чечетку и балет. AdvertisingAge.com дал сериалу положительную рецензию, заявив, что «… каждая серия ‘LXD’ упаковывает в свои восемь или девять минут богатство повествовательной сложности. Добавьте к этому театральную ценность постановки и актерский состав, который проявляет себя к безбожная степень, и конечный результат — время игры слов! — экстраординарный ». Премьера LXD состоялась 7 июля 2010 года на телеканале Hulu. В 2012 году Джон Чу, сценарист, режиссер и продюсер The LXD, запустил танцевальный канал на YouTube под названием DS2DIO (произносится как D-Studio). Через этот канал Чу также сделал The LXD доступным на YouTube. До этого его можно было посмотреть только на Hulu. Сентябрь 2019 г. Независимый исполнитель E-Styles разместил на Youtube музыкальное видео The Poetic Flow с участием одного из самых популярных танцоров YouTube на сегодняшний день Non Stop Маркеса Скотта и нового танцора Alian 2 Wavy. Видео посвящено хип-хоп танцу и культуре. [1]

Международные соревнования

A group of eleven young men holding a large sign that says "BBoy Crew Battle Champion" while posing for a picture in front of a banner that says "Freestyle Session Taiwan".Победители битвы экипажей би-бой 2010 на Freestyle Session Тайвань.

  • Чемпионат Великобритании по би-бою был основан DJ Hooch в 1996 году. В Лондоне. Есть четыре титула чемпиона мира: чемпионы по брейкингу, сольный чемпион по би-бой, сольный чемпион по поппингу и сольный чемпион по хип-хопу. Мировой финал также включает в себя «Fresh Awards» (лучше всех одетых), который ежегодно принимает и оценивает Ричард «Crazy Legs » Колон — президент Rock Steady Crew. В 2011 году DJ Hooch написал книгу о соревновании под названием B-Boy Championships: From Bronx to Brixton.
  • Freestyle Session был основан в 1997 году в Калифорнии писателем-граффити и ди-джеем Крисом «Cros1» Райтом. Это крупнейшее соревнование по взлому в США. Основное соревнование предназначено для бригад би-бой, но есть также соревнования по поппингу и блокировке для соло-участников. Хотя США — флагманское место проведения Freestyle Session, это не единственная страна, где она проводится. Промоутеры за пределами США платят Cros1 за то, чтобы он использовал имя Freestyle Session и доставил его к себе на место для оценки соревнований. Используя этот метод, Freestyle Session был проведен в 18 других странах, включая Польшу, Россию, Швейцарию и Венесуэлу.
  • Hip Hop International (HHI) был основан в 2002 году в США Ховардом и Карен. Шварц. Соревнования делятся на две категории: World Battles и World Hip Hop Dance Championship. В категории World Battles есть четыре титула, в том числе чемпион по брейку три на три, чемпион по поппингу один на один, чемпион по блокировке один на один и чемпион во всех стилях один на один (фристайл). Чемпионат мира по хип-хоп-танцам предназначен для хип-хоп коллективов. Есть четыре дивизиона: юниоры (8–12 лет), университеты (13–17), взрослые (18+) и мега-команда (все возрасты). В каждой команде должно быть не менее пяти, но не более девяти человек (мега-команда должна состоять из 15–40 человек) и должна выполнять программу, демонстрирующую три стиля танца хип-хоп. В соревнованиях 2009 года участвовало 120 экипажей из 30 стран. HHI также организовал чемпионат США по хип-хопу танцев, а телешоу America’s Best Dance Crew.
  • было основано в 2002 году Брюсом Иканджи в Париже. Категории соревнований включают поппинг, хип-хоп, лок, хаус, топ-рок и эксперимент. Брейк не включен, чтобы сосредоточить больше внимания на танцевальных стилях, исполняемых стоя, отсюда и название (по-французски просто стоя). На Juste Debout нет командных трофеев. Категории «Эксперимент» и «Топ-рок» предназначены только для сольных танцоров; popping, new style, lock и house — для дуэтов. В 2008 году главный редактор журнала Juste Debout Ингрид «Шейен» Гамбоа написала книгу под названием «Хип-хоп: L’histoire de la danse» («Хип-хоп: история танца»).
  • United Dance Организация (UDO) была основана в 2002 году в Великобритании. UDO проводит британские чемпионаты по уличным танцам, чемпионаты Европы по уличным танцам, чемпионаты Северной Америки и чемпионаты мира по уличным танцам. Европейские чемпионаты проводятся в Германии, а не в Великобритании.
  • Street Dance Kemp Europe (SDK Europe) — это соревнование и танцевальная конвенция, основанная в 2004 году в Едовнице, Чешская Республика. Есть битва хип-хоп команды и сольные битвы для хаус, крампинга, локиров, хип-хоп мужчин и хип-хоп танцоров. SDK Europe запускается ежегодно летом и длится семь дней. Дневные часы отведены в основном для танцевальных мастерских и занятий, проводимых международной группой инструкторов; соревновательные мероприятия проводятся в ночное время. Все занятия, семинары и соревнования проводятся на открытом воздухе.
  • EuroBattle была основана в 2005 году в Португалии Максом из команды Momentum. Для сольных танцоров предусмотрено пять соревнований, включая би-боинг, би-гирлинг, хип-хоп, лок и поп. Международный финал проводится в Порту, но победитель испанского отборочного турнира также может принять участие в UK B-Boy Championships в Лондоне.
  • World Supremacy Battlegrounds — танец в стиле хип-хоп Конкурс базируется в Австралии. История World Supremacy Battlegrounds восходит к 2002 году, когда он начинался как GROOVE, местное хип-хоп соревнование, проводившееся в Сиднее. В последующие три года конкурс был переименован в Battlegrounds и стал национальным, чтобы включить танцевальные коллективы со всей Австралии. Он стал международным в 2006 году, когда в соревновании приняли участие экипажи из Филиппин, Японии и Новой Зеландии. Есть четыре категории танцевальных бригад: открытые (все возрасты), юниоры (до 12 лет), университетские (12–18) и монстры (все возрасты, 20–40 участников). На соревнования 2011 года приехали соревноваться команды из Индонезии, Таиланда, Сингапура, Малайзии, Вьетнама, Филиппин, Японии, Гуама, Новой Зеландии, Самоа и Южной Африки.
  • World of Dance Tour ( WOD) была основана в 2008 году Майроном Мартеном и Дэвидом Гонсалесом в Помоне, Калифорния. Он отличается от других соревнований тем, что здесь нет финального чемпионата. WOD путешествует по разным городам США, Канады и Европы и проводит соревнования в каждом месте; поэтому WOD выделяется как тур. Каждая остановка тура — это отдельное соревнование; все они связаны друг с другом только по названию. В 2013 году WOD посетил Нью-Йорк, Вальехо, Сиэтл, Ванкувер, Берлин, Даллас, Торонто, Сан-Диего, Монреаль, Эйндховен, Бостон, Орландо, Хьюстон, Чикаго, Сиэтл., Гонолулу, Лос-Анджелес, Юнион-Сити и Антверпен. WOD охватил большую аудиторию в 2017 году, когда NBC начал транслировать телешоу , основанное на конкурсе.
  • World Dance Colosseum — танцевальное соревнование два на два, основанное в Японии. Есть пять титулов чемпиона мира два на два: би-боинг, лок, поппинг, хип-хоп и хаус. Японские танцоры проходят квалификацию в международный финал через предварительные турниры, проводимые в стране, но иностранные танцоры не проходят квалификацию через турниры, потому что 30 иностранных танцоров с лучшими рейтингами автоматически приглашаются для участия в финале. В финале дуэты-победители японских турниров соревнуются с лучшими иностранными дуэтами, чтобы определить, кто из них лучший.
  • Vibe Dance Competition — хореографическое соревнование, которое было начато Джозефом Лизингом в 1995 году в качестве грека. Шоу талантов в Калифорнийском университете в Ирвине. Позже он превратился в одно из крупнейших соревнований хореографических хип-хоп-команд в мире, в котором принимают участие команды из США, Канады, Филиппин и Японии.

Образование

В 2004 году Сафи Томас основал Консерватория хип-хоп танцев (HHDC) в Нью-Йорке. Целью Томаса было дать танцорам хип-хопа всестороннее образование, сопоставимое с тем, что получают танцоры балета, модерна и джаза в своих учебных заведениях. HHDC предоставляет формальную учебную программу с уроками танцев (брейк, фристайл, блокировка и т. Д.) И академическими классами (теория танца, физиология, кинезиология и т. Д.) Для людей, которые хотят заниматься хип-хоп танцевальной карьерой. Это единственное учебное заведение в США, которое занимается исключительно обучением танцам хип-хоп. HHDC не предоставляет ученых степеней. Это некоммерческая организация и репертуарная компания, которая выдает сертификаты танцорам, завершившим трехлетнюю программу.

Три года спустя, в 2007 году, Центр Университета Восточного Лондона Развитие исполнительских искусств (CPAD) начал набор на единственную в мире программу бакалавриата, специализирующуюся на хип-хопе, городских и глобальных формах танца. Программа CPAD также рассчитана на три года, но она не ограничивается хип-хопом. Студенты также изучают африканский танец, катхак, Болливуд и капоэйру.

См. Также

  • Уличный танец
  • Хаус-танец
  • Вакинг
  • Хиплет (стиль танца)

Сноски

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Asked by Ankita Goyal 18/08/2021 Last Modified   29/10/2021

In dance, the word hip-hop means hip means knowledge, and hop means movements.


Hip hop is not a dance. It’s a culture combining various attributes, mainly breaking, graffiti, knowledge, and DJ. It consists of many dance styles on numerous types of music.


Sanjay Mayur

Dance Choreography (All Styles) under professionals

13/10/2021

HIP HOP is a huge culture under which there are vast number for styles. i was basically originated from Africa. Hiphop comes under the western styles


Hip hop combines various styles, jazz, ballet, tap dance, and dancing to pop music. Hip hop is from the US, and street dances of different types are also called hip-hop.


Anish L S

Musician, Entertainer ,Film Maker, Actor, Motivator,Software Engineer

18/08/2021

When we dance, the body and feet move in a way that follows a rhythm in music.


Hip Hop is basically a culture or art that was started by the African-Americans back in the 1960s to 70s in Bronx, New York. For knowing hip hop, one should know the key elements of it…. Basically there are 5 — Deejaying, MCing, Beatboxing, Breaking and Graffiti. Talking about hip hop dance, Breaking…

read more

Hip Hop is basically a culture or art that was started by the African-Americans back in the 1960s to 70s in Bronx, New York. For knowing hip hop, one should know the key elements of it…. Basically there are 5 — Deejaying, MCing, Beatboxing, Breaking and Graffiti. Talking about hip hop dance, Breaking  is the 1st form of it which was observed by DJ Kool Herc in a club. Due to certain reasons like slowing down the tempo of then ‘breakbeats’, the bounce came into play which happened in mid 1970s. So that’s hip hop dance

read less


Aparna Parashar

Qualified Teacher with 5+ years of experience in primary school.

02/09/2021

Hip Hop is a vibrant form of dance that combines various freestyle movements to create a cultural form of dance.


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For more details on the history, social dancing, and worldwide exposure, see History of hip-hop dance.

Hip-hop dance
B-boy breakdancing.jpg
A b-boy performing in a cipher in Turkey.
Main Styles

BreakingLockingPopping


Uprock – Roboting – Boogaloo – Tutting – Gliding – Waving – Liquid – Strobing – Animation

Social (Party) Dances
the cabbage patch, the roger rabbit, the running man, the humpty, the worm, the Kid n’ Play kick-step, the Harlem shake, the Dougie, cha cha slide, the Soulja Boy, the butterfly
Derivative Styles
Street Turfing – Jerkin’ – Krumping – Memphis Jookin’
Studio New Style – Jazz Funk – Lyrical hip-hop
Cultural Origins
African Americans – Latino Americans – Turntables – James Brown – South Bronx – Fresno – Los Angeles – United States – Hip-hop culture – Funk music – Hip-hop music

Hip-hop dance refers to dance styles primarily danced to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. This includes a wide range of styles notably breaking, locking, and popping which were created in the 1970s by African Americans.[note 1] What separates hip-hop dance from other forms of dance is that it is often freestyle (improvisational) in nature and hip-hop dancers frequently engage in battles—formal or informal freestyle dance competitions. Informal freestyle sessions and battles are usually performed in a cipher, «a circular dance space that forms naturally once the dancing begins.»[6] These three elements—freestyling, battles, and ciphers—are key components of hip-hop dance.

More than 35 years old, hip-hop dance became widely known after the first professional breaking, locking, and popping crews formed in the 1970s. The most influential groups are the Rock Steady Crew, The Lockers, and the Electric Boogaloos who are responsible for the spread of breaking, locking, and popping respectively. Due to the popularity of these street styles, the dance industry responded with a studio based version of hip-hop—sometimes called new style—and jazz funk. These styles were developed by technically trained dancers who wanted to create choreography for hip-hop music from the hip-hop dances they saw being performed on the street. Because of this development, hip-hop dance is now practiced at both studios and outside spaces.

Internationally, hip-hop dance has had a particularly strong influence in France and South Korea. France is the home of Juste Debout, an international hip-hop dance competition, and Germany is the home of Battle of the Year, the largest team-based breaking competition in the world. South Korea is home to the international breaking competition R16 which is sponsored by the government and broadcast every year live on Korean television. The country consistently produces such skillful b-boys that in 2008 the South Korean government designated the Gamblerz and Rivers b-boy crews as official ambassadors of Korean culture.[7]

To some, hip-hop dance may only be a form of entertainment or a hobby. To others it has become a lifestyle: a way to be active in physical fitness or competitive dance and a way to make a living by dancing professionally.

Contents

  • 1 History
  • 2 Main styles
    • 2.1 Breaking/B-boying
    • 2.2 Locking
    • 2.3 Popping
  • 3 International competitions
  • 4 Impact
    • 4.1 Dance crews
    • 4.2 Derivative styles
    • 4.3 Dance industry
      • 4.3.1 Lyrical hip-hop
    • 4.4 Entertainment
    • 4.5 Fitness
    • 4.6 Education
  • 5 Footnotes
  • 6 References
  • 7 Bibliography
  • 8 External links

History

Main article: History of hip-hop dance

Hip-hop dance as seen today is a broad category that incorporates a variety of old and new urban dance styles. The older styles that were created in the 1970s include uprock, breaking, and the funk styles.[8] These dance styles all started independent of each other, half of them in New York and the others in California. Uprock was created in Brooklyn, N.Y. and breaking was created in The Bronx. In its earliest form, breaking began as elaborations on James Brown’s «Good Foot» dance[8][9] which came out in 1972. Breaking at this stage was not primarily floor oriented as is seen today; it started out as toprock which is performed standing up. In 1973, DJ Kool Herc invented the breakbeat.[10][11] A breakbeat is a rhythmic musical interlude of a song that has been looped over and over again to extend that instrumental solo. Kool Herc did this to provide a means for dancers who attended his parties to show their skills.[11] B-boy and b-girl stands for «break-boy» and «break-girl»; b-boys/b-girls dance to the break of a record.[11] Another influence on toprock was uprock.[12] Uprock looks similar to toprock but it is more aggressive and is meant look like a fight. Unlike toprock, uprock was not performed to break beats. The song was played from start to finish.[13] Also, uprocking is done with partners but in breaking each person takes turns dancing.[14] Further influenced by martial arts[15] and gymnastics, breaking went from being a purely upright dance style—toprock only—to becoming more floor oriented.

The funk styles refers to several street dance styles created in California in the 1970s that were danced to funk music.[16] These styles include roboting, bopping, hitting, locking, bustin’, popping, electric boogaloo, strutting, sac-ing, dime-stopping, etc.[6] Similar to breaking, James Brown also had a big impact on the boogaloo style of dance. One of Sam Solomon’s inspirations for creating boogaloo was James Brown’s dance «the popcorn»[17] and the name of the dance was taken from the title of the James Brown song «Do the Boogaloo».[18] The most popular and widely practiced of the funk styles are locking and popping. Locking is the older of the two and was created by Don Campbell in the late 1960s. Popping was created by Sam Solomon in the 1970s. The 1980s media incorrectly brought these styles under the «breakdance»/»breakdancing» label causing a confusion about their origin.[19][20] They were created on the west coast separate from breaking and came out of the funk cultural movement rather than from the hip-hop cultural movement.[21] The television show, Soul Train, helped to spread locking and popping’s popularity. Both The Lockers and the Electric Boogaloos—dance crews responsible for the spread of locking and popping—performed on this show.[16] Today, the funk styles are performed to both hip-hop and funk music.

As breaking, locking, and popping were emerging in the 70s, hip-hop social (party) dancing was growing as well. Popular novelty and fad dances such as the roger rabbit, the cabbage patch, and the worm appeared in the 1980s followed by the running man and the humpty dance in the 90s. The cha cha slide, the Soulja Boy dance, and the dougie hit the mainstream in the 2000s. The previously mentioned dances are only a sample of the many social dances that have appeared since hip-hop was born. Just like hip-hop music, hip-hop social dancing will continue to change as new songs are released and new dances are created to accompany them.

Main styles

This list gives a general overview of the main hip-hop dance styles: breaking, locking, and popping. These styles are the oldest and most established of all the hip-hop dances. They have achieved worldwide notability, are durably archived on film, and are the most commonly exercised in international competitive hip-hop dancing. Breaking is the original hip-hop dance style. At the time of its creation it was the hip-hop dance style because it was, and still is, one of the pillars of hip-hop culture. Locking and popping at the time of their creation were only known as funk styles. They were adopted into hip-hop once the culture reached the west coast and «hip-hop dance» became an umbrella term encompassing all of these styles.

A b-boy in an airchair freeze at Street Summit 2006 in Moscow.

Breaking/B-boying

Main article: B-boying

Breaking was created in the Bronx, New York during the early 1970s.[8] It was Afrika Bambaataa who classified breaking as one of the five pillars of hip-hop culture along with MCing, DJing, graffiti writing, and knowledge.[22][23][24] While African Americans are responsible for creating breaking[3] it was the Latinos (specifically Puerto Ricans)[4] that kept the momentum of breaking alive when it was considered «played out» in the late ’70s.[5][25] Breaking includes four foundational dances: toprock, footwork oriented steps performed while standing up; downrock, footwork performed on the floor using the hands to support your weight; freezes, stylish poses done on your hands;[note 2] and power moves, difficult and impressive acrobatic moves.[note 3] Transitions between toprock and downrock are called «drops.»[27] In breaking, a variation to the traditional cipher is the Apache Line. A cipher is a circular shaped dance space formed by spectators that breakers use to perform in.[6] Ciphers work well for one-on-one b-boy (break-boy) battles; however, Apache Lines are more appropriate when the battle is between two crews—groups of street dancers. In contrast to the circular shape of a cipher, competing crews can face each other in this line formation, challenge each other, and execute their burns[28][29] (a move intended to embarrass the opponent, i.e. crotch grabbing, during a battle). In 1981, the Lincoln Center in New York City hosted a breaking battle between the Rock Steady Crew and the Dynamic Rockers.[30] «This event, which was covered by the New York Times, the Village Voice, the Daily News, National Geographic, and local news stations helped b-boying gain the world’s attention.»[31]

Locking

Locking, originally called Campbellocking, was created in Los Angeles by Don Campbell and introduced to the country by his crew The Lockers.[1] Other than Don Campbell, the original members of The Lockers were Fred «Mr. Penguin» Berry, Leo «Fluky Luke» Williamson, Adolpho «Shabba Doo» Quinones, Bill «Slim the Robot» Williams, Greg «Campbellock Jr» Pope, and Toni Basil who also served as the group’s manager.[1][32] In honor of her instrumental role in giving locking commercial exposure, Basil was honored at the 2009 World Hip Hop Dance Championships as the first female recipient of the Living Legend Award.[33] Locking looks similar to popping and frequently gets confused with popping to a casual observer. In locking, a dancer holds their positions longer. The lock is the primary move used in locking. It is «similar to a freeze or a sudden pause.»[34] A locker’s dancing is characterized by consistently locking in place and after a quick freeze moving again.[2] It is incorrect to call locking «pop-locking».[2][35][36] Locking and popping are two distinct funk styles with their own histories, their own set of dance moves, and their own competition categories. Locking is more playful and character driven whereas popping is more illusory.[2] Locking has specific dance moves that identify it from popping and other funk styles. These moves include «the lock, points, skeeter [rabbits], scooby doos, stop ‘n go, which-away, and the fancies.»[34] A dancer can do one or the other but not both locking and popping at the same time.[2] It was only after seeing The Lockers perform on TV that a young Sam Solomon was inspired to create popping and electric boogaloo.[18]

Popping

Popping was created by Sam Solomon in Fresno, California and performed by his crew the Electric Boogaloos.[2] It is based on the technique of quickly contracting and relaxing muscles to cause a jerk in the dancer’s body, referred to as a pop or a hit. Each hit should be synchronized to the rhythm and beats of the music. Popping is also used as an umbrella term to refer to a wide range of other closely related illusionary dance styles[37] such as strobing, liquid,[38] animation, and waving[37] that are often integrated with standard popping to create a more varied performance.[note 4] In all of these sub-genres it appears to the spectator that the body is popping hence the name. The difference between each sub-genre is how exaggerated the popping is. In liquid the body movements look like water. The popping is so smooth that the movements do not look like popping at all; they look fluid.[38] The opposite of this is strobing (also called ticking) in which the movements are static, sudden, and jerky.[40]

«While Sam was creating popping and boogaloo, others were creating and practicing unique styles of their own. Back in the day many different areas in the west coast were known for their own distinct styles, each with their own rich history behind them. Some of these areas included Oakland, Sacramento and San Francisco.»

The Electric Boogaloos[18]

Popping—as an umbrella term—also includes gliding, floating, and sliding[37][38][note 5] which are lower body dances done with the legs and feet. When done correctly a dancer looks like they are gliding across the floor as if on ice. Opposite from gliding is tutting which is an upper body dance that uses the arms, hands, and wrists to form right angles and make geometric box-like shapes. Sometimes the arms are not used at all and tutting is only done with the wrists, hands, and fingers. In both variations, the movements are intricate and always use 90° angles. When done correctly tutting looks like the characters on the art of ancient Egypt hence the name—a reference to King Tut.

While popping as an umbrella term is popularly used by hip-hop dancers and in competitive hip-hop dancing, Timothy «Popin’ Pete» Solomon of the Electric Boogaloos disagrees with the use of the word «popping» in this way. Many of these related styles (animation, liquid, tutting, etc.) can not be traced to a specific person or group. Popin’ Pete states «There are people who wave and there are people who tut. They’re not popping. I say this to give the people who created other styles their just dues and their props.»[2]

International competitions

There are several international hip-hop dance competitions. Most of these competitions have regional tournaments limited to a specific country or continent. These tournaments not only offer crews or soloists a regional title but also serve as qualifying rounds for the final international championship.

  • Battle of the Year (BOTY) was started in Germany in 1990. It is exclusively a breaking competition for crews. There are several BOTY regional competitions that lead up to the final international championship that is held in Montpellier, France.[41] BOTY was featured in the independent film Planet B-Boy that documented the story of five crews training for the 2005 championship.
  • B-Boy Summit is an international four day conference created in 1994 by b-girl Nancy «Asia One» Yu in San Diego, CA.[42][43] The conference includes a breaking competition, panels, workshops, and a marketplace. The difference between the B-Boy Summit and other hip-hop dance competitions is that the B-Boy Summit places a lot of emphasis on the history of hip-hop culture and the value of b-boys/b-girls across the world understanding the roots of where it came from.[42] For this reason the conference brings together rappers and DJs for a talent showcase and graffiti artists to do live paintings so that «each element of Hip-Hop combine[s] together to make the cipher complete.»[42] There’s also competitions for lockers and poppers as part of the «Soul Fest» portion of the conference.[44] The B-Boy Summit is the only international competition that does not have regional tournaments.
  • UK B-Boy Championships was started in 1996 in London. There are four world championship titles: breaking crew champions, solo b-boy champion, solo popping champion, and locking 2-on-2 champions.[45] Contrary to what the name may imply, this competition is not exclusive to the British. It’s called the UK B-Boy Championships because the international final is always held in the United Kingdom. The world finals also include the «Fresh Awards» (best dressed) which are hosted and judged every year by Richard «Crazy Legs» Colón—the president of Rock Steady Crew.[46]
  • Freestyle Session was started in 1997[47] in Southern California by graffiti writer and DJ Chris «Cros1» Wright.[48] It is the largest breaking competition in the United States.[49] The main competitive event is for b-boy crews but there are also popping and locking competitions for solo competitors.[48]
  • The Notorious IBE is a Dutch based international breaking competition founded in 1998.[50] IBE (International Breakdance Event) is a non-traditional competition because there are no stages and no judges. Instead, there are timed competitive events that take place in large arena-style ciphers—circular dance spaces surrounded by observers—where the winners are determined by audience approval.[50] There are several kinds of events such as the b-girl crew battle, the Seven 2 Smoke battle (8 top ranked b-boys battle each other to decide the overall winner), the All vs. All continental battle (all the American b-boys vs. all the European b-boys vs. the Asian b-boys vs. Mexican/Brazilian b-boys), and the Circle Prinz IBE.[50] The Circle Prinz IBE is a b-boy knockout tournament that takes place in multiple smaller cipher battles until the last standing b-boy is crowned.[50] IBE also host the European tournament for the UK B-Boy Championships.
  • Hip Hop International: World Hip Hop Dance Championships is a hip-hop dance competition founded in 2000 in the United States where both crews and soloist compete.[51] For hip-hop crews there are three divisions: junior (ages 7–12), varsity (12–18), and adult. Each crew must have five to eight people and must perform a routine that showcases three styles of hip-hop dance. Solo dancers compete in locking and popping. Crews compete in breaking also but the breaking category is only for adults. For the 2009 competition there were 120 crews representing 30 countries.[52] HHI also runs the USA Hip Hop Dance Championships.
  • Juste Debout is a street dance competition held annually in Paris, France since 2002.[53] Competition categories include popping, hip-hop (new style), locking, house, toprock, and experimental. Breaking is not included to put more focus on hip-hop dance styles done while standing up, hence the name (French for «Just Upright»). There are no group or team trophies at Juste Debout. The experimental and toprock categories are only for solo dancers; popping, new style, locking, and house are for duos.[53] Juste Debout also publishes a free bimonthly hip-hop dance magazine of the same name.[54]
  • United Dance Organization: World Street Dance Championships is a hip-hop dance competition based in the UK that was started in 2002.[55] People can compete as solo dancers, in duos, in quads (4 people), or in teams.[56] UDO also host the European Street Dance Championships and the USA Street Dance Championships.
  • Red Bull BC One brings together the top 16 b-boys from around the world that are chosen by an international panel of experts.[57] It was created in 2004 by Red Bull and is hosted in a different country every year.[57] Past BC One participants include Ronnie Abaldonado from Super Cr3w, Menno «The Seagull» Van Gorp from Mighty Zulu Kings, and Mauro «Cico» (pronounced CHEE-co) Peruzzi.[note 6]
  • R16 Korea is a South Korean based breaking competition started in 2007 by Asian Americans Charlie Shin and John Jay Chon.[7] Like BOTY and Red Bull BC One put together, Respect16 is a competition for the top 16 ranked b-boy crews in the world.[60] What sets it apart from other competitions is that it’s sponsored by the government and broadcast live on Korean television and in several countries in Europe.[7]
  • World of Dance Tour (WOD) is a traveling hip-hop dance competition founded in 2008 in Pomona, CA by Myron Marten and David Gonzales.[61] It differs from other competitions because there is no final championship. WOD travels to different cities around the world and holds a competition in each location which is why it is called a tour. Each event is meant to be a stand alone competition, they are all related to each other in name only. For 2012, WOD established a regional hub in the United Kingdom; the tour will travel to Cardiff, Manchester, and Birmingham.[62]

Impact

Dance crews

A dance crew is a group of street dancers who get together and create dance routines. As hip-hop culture spread throughout New York and California, the more breaking crews got together to practice and battle against each other. It was during this time that the different dance moves within breaking would develop organically.[63][note 7] The same can be said about different dance moves within the funk styles – popping and locking – and decades later with krumping. Being a part of a crew was the only way to learn when these styles began. Forming and participating in a dance crew is how you practiced, improved, made friends, and built relationships. In the beginning, crews were neighborhood-based and would engage in battles in their respective cities. Today, crews can battle in organized competitions with other crews from around the country and around the world.

Crews still form based on friendships and neighborhoods. They also form for a variety of other reasons such as theme, gender, ethnicity, and dance style. Crews are not exclusive. It is common for dancers to be involved in more than one crew, especially if one particular group is style specific (popping only for example) and a dancer wants to stay well-rounded.[note 8] Furthermore, dance crews are not just formed within the hip-hop context anymore. The FootworKINGz is a dance crew that performs footwork, a style of house dance, and Fanny Pak does contemporary.

Although dance crews are more prevalent in hip-hop, dance companies do exist in both the United States and abroad. Examples include Culture Shock (USA), Lux Aeterna (USA),[note 9] Boy Blue Entertainment (UK), Bounce Streetdance Company (Sweden), 2Faced Dance (UK), Funkbrella Dance Company (USA), Blaze Streetdance Company (Netherlands), and Zoo Nation (UK).[note 10]

Derivative styles

Main articles: Turfing, Jerkin’, and Krumping

Decades after breaking, locking, and popping became established other regional dance forms evolved. Three of these styles came from California. Turfing, an acronym for Taking Up Room on the Floor, was created in 2002 by street dancer Jeriel Bey in Oakland, CA.[39] Turfing is a fusion of miming and gliding that places heavy emphasis on storytelling (through movement) and illusion. Other than Bay Area pride, turfing has maintained its endurance due to local turf dance competitions and local youth programs that promote turfing as a form of physical activity.[67]

On the heels of its exposure another style came out of Los Angeles called jerkin’. Jerkin’ was popularized in 2009 by the New Boyz rap song «You’re a Jerk»[68][69] which went viral via their YouTube and MySpace pages[68]:3 before they had a manager or were signed to a record label. After hearing about the song Los Angeles radio station Power 106 hired the New Boyz to perform at local high schools which eventually led to the song entering the radio’s playlist.[68]:2 Later in the year, rap duo Audio Push released the song and video «Teach Me How to Jerk» which showcased the different dance moves within jerkin’ including the reject—the running man done in reverse/backwards.[69][70] Producer Jeremy «J-Hawk» Hawkins is credited with creating the sound and beat pattern that is characteristic of jerk music.[69] Jerk music is to Los Angeles what snap music is to Atlanta and hyphy is to the San Francisco Bay Area.[69][68]:2 Other than the movement, what separates this dance style from others is that the dancers who jerk typically wear bright colors, skinny jeans, Mohawks, and Vans sneakers.[68]:1,5[71] This is similar to locking dancers in the ’70s who traditionally wore black and white striped shirts and socks.[2] Of the dance, journalist Jeff Weiss from LA Weekly stated «For a youth culture weaned on the cult of individualism, jerkin’ is its apotheosis.»[68] Similar to the 70s styles breaking, locking, and popping, Jerkin’s popularity spread through several dance crews. The most notable include the Go Go Power Ranger$ and the Rej3ctz who created the reject.[68]:2, 4

Although nationally known, both turfing and jerkin’ have not reached the same zenith that krumping has.

Krumping was created in the early 2000s by Ceasare «Tight Eyez» Willis and Jo’Artis «Big Mijo» Ratti[72] in South Central, Los Angeles.[73] It was only seen and practiced in the Los Angeles metro area until it gained mainstream exposure by being featured in several music videos[74] and showcased in the 2005 krumping documentary Rize. Rize was screened at several film festivals before being commercially released[note 11] in the summer of 2005.[75] Clowning (not to be confused with the clown walk), the less aggressive predecessor to krumping, was created in 1992 by Tommy the Clown.[74] Tommy and his dancers would paint their faces and perform clowning for children at birthday parties or for the general public at other functions as a form of entertainment.[74] In contrast, krumping focuses on highly energetic battles and movements which Tommy describes as intense, fast-paced, and sharp. «If movement were words, [krumping] would be a poetry slam.»[73]

Compared to breaking and the funk styles, turfing, jerkin’, and krumping are relatively new. The cultural similarities between these street dance styles, the funk styles, and breaking have brought them together under the same subculture of hip-hop which has helped to keep them alive and evolving today.

Dance industry

«Street dancing was never ever ever to a count. You do not count a 1,a 2,a 3,a 4, a 5, a 6 to hip hop. It should be a feeling by making noise like «ou» «ah» «aw» «tsi», that’s how we count, right there.»

Timothy «Popin’ Pete» Solomon;
The Electric Booglaoos[76]

The dance industry responded to hip-hop dance by creating a more commercial version of it. It is referred to by several names including commercial dance, studio hip-hop, or simply choreography. This studio hip-hop, often called new style, is the type of hip-hop dance seen in most rap, R&B, and pop music videos and concerts. From the point of view of someone deeply immersed in hip-hop culture, anything that looks like hip-hop dance that did not come from the streets is not a true hip-hop dance form. In an interview with Dance magazine, hip-hop dance teacher Emilio «Buddha Stretch» Austin, Jr explains how he sees it:

There are a lot of jazz dancers out there doing pseudo hip hop. A lot of teachers don’t know the history, they’re just teaching the steps. They’re learning from videos, but they don’t know the culture. If all you see is Britney Spears, you think that’s hip hop, but that’s never been hip hop. It’s completely watered down. And studios could [sic] care less, because hip hop is one of their biggest moneymakers.[77]

Many people echo this sentiment, as stage performance can restrict the free flowing process of improvization which defined hip-hop dance early in its development.[8][77] Also meshing different dance styles together dissolves their structures and identities.[8] In an interview with The Bronx Journal, choreographer and artistic director Safi Thomas expressed a similar qualm as Buddha Stretch concerning hip-hop instruction within the studio:

In a lot of studios what you find is people just doing movement to hip-hop music. So if there’s hip-hop music in the background and they’re moving they’re calling it a hip-hop class. The problem with that is let’s say that I wanted to teach a ballet class and I just come in and I throw on Mozart and I just start moving and I’m not doing any of the foundational elements. I am not doing any of the movement vocabulary of ballet. I can not call that a ballet class and that’s what happens in relation to hip-hop… within the studio realm there is no standard for the art form and [the teachers] don’t know what the foundational elements of the art are. They know nothing about popping, nothing about locking, nothing about boogaloo, breaking, or the hip-hop dance—the social dances—or any of that. They know none of the history which spans over 30-35 years and so they cut off any type of edification a dancer can have.[78]

From a technical aspect, hip-hop dance (new style) is characterized as hard-hitting involving flexibility and isolations—moving a certain body part independently from others.[79] The feet are grounded, the chest is down, and the body is kept loose so that a dancer can easily alternate between hitting the beat or moving through the beat. This is in contrast to ballet or ballroom dancing where the chest is upright and the body is stiff. In addition, new style hip-hop is very rhythmic and emphasis is placed on self expression, swagger, musicality—how sensitive your movements are to the music—and being able to freestyle (improvise). As long as dancers maintain the foundational movements, they can add their own (free)style and have a performance that is still hip-hop.[80]

Another style the dance industry created was jazz funk. Jazz funk (also called street jazz) is a hybrid of hip-hop and jazz dance.[38] This style is used by artists like Beyoncé.[38] Although it borrows from hip-hop dance, it is not considered a style of hip-hop because the foundational movements are jazz. In hip-hop – even in lyrical hip-hop – there are no pirouettes or arabesques and you do not dance on relevé (on the balls of the feet). However, these methods are used in jazz funk and in jazz dance in general.[38] Dance studios responded to these developments by hiring technically trained dancers and offering hip-hop (new style) and jazz funk dance classes. Large scale studios around the world that teach hip-hop and jazz funk dance classes include Millennium (L.A.),[note 12] Broadway Dance Center (New York), Edge Performing Arts Center (L.A.), Pineapple Studios (London), The Vibe – The International Hip Hop Dance Center (Oslo), Boogiezone (L.A.),[note 13] Debbie Reynolds (L.A.), Sunshine Studios (Manchester), DREAM Dance Studio (Vancouver), Ones to Watch (Japan & Hong Kong), and KJD Dance Studio (Sydney).

Other developments in the industry came about in response to the growing popularity of hip-hop dance. On the traveling convention circuit there were tap, ballet, and jazz dance conventions but there were none specifically for hip-hop. The same void also translated to dancewear. There was dancewear for tap, ballet, and jazz dancers but none for hip-hop dancers. Monsters of Hip Hop and Nappytabs dancewear were formed to cater to both needs. Monsters of Hip Hop is the first all hip-hop dance convention. It was founded in 2003 in Baltimore by Andy Funk, his wife Becky, and her sister Angie Servant.[81] Its faculty roster includes Dave Scott, Teresa Espinosa, Popin’ Pete, and Marty Kudelka among others.[82] Nappytabs is the first line of dancewear made specifically for hip-hop dancers.[83] Their line is only sold at dance clothing stores, online through their official website, and at their only retail location and studio in Los Angeles. Because Nappytabs is made for the urban dance community they do not sell leotards/unitards, tights, or leg warmers. Their line consist of tanks, shorts, t-shirts, sweats, and hoodies.

Threader is an online distribution outlet for hip-hop dance inspired streetwear created by hip-hop choreographers and dance crews.[84][85] It was founded in 2009 by Traci Copeland, Marc David, and choreographer Luam Keflezgy. Threader has distributed clothing for brands/dancers such as Shoeture, Poreotics, Wildchild,[note 14] Beat Freaks, Dance2XS, and Laurie Ann Gibson.[84][86]

Lyrical hip-hop

Lyrical hip-hop is a fluid and more interpretive version of new style hip-hop most often danced to downtempo rap music or R&B music. British hip-hop choreographer Kate Prince describes it as «hip-hop with emotion.»[87] It focuses more on choreography and performance and less on freestyles and battles. Lyrical hip-hop first gained mainstream exposure, and its name, on season four of the reality dance competition So You Think You Can Dance.[88] The actual term has been credited to Adam Shankman, a choreographer and judge on the program, who made a comment in reference to a routine choreographed by Tabitha and Napoleon D’umo to Leona Lewis’ song «Bleeding Love».[88]

«The great thing about this show is that we’ve really explored a totally new thing which is lyrical hip-hop and [Tabitha and Napoleon] nail it. This show has shown that hip-hop is just a completely legitimate beautiful genre in and of its own and you can tell such beautiful and heart breaking stories.»

Adam Shankman [89]

Due to Shankman’s comment and their subsequent work on seasons four through seven, Tabitha and Napoleon are credited with developing this style.[90][91][92][93][94] According to Dance Spirit magazine what differentiates lyrical hip-hop from standard new style hip-hop is that dancers interpret the beat differently.

What makes lyrical hip hop unique is that your dance movements have to tell a story to the lyrics of a song. Expect isolations (especially of the chest), slow, fluid movements (like gliding and body waves) and contemporary-inspired turns (but not pirouettes). There’s popping, but not the hard-hitting kind. Dancers are meant to look like they’re unwinding, unraveling and floating.[88]

Some hip-hop purists feel the interpretive and softer style means it is not hip-hop at all.[88] Others, such as hip-hop choreographer Shane Sparks, feel that it is hip-hop but not different enough for it to be in its own genre.[88] Out of all the sub genres of hip-hop dance, lyrical hip-hop is the newest. Although Tabitha and Napoleon are known for this style, other choreographers have created lyrical hip-hop pieces on sister So You Think You Can Dance versions in Poland,[95] Norway,[96] the United Kingdom,[87][97] and the Netherlands.

Entertainment

See also: Hip-hop theater

Breaking started to become a form of entertainment shortly after its birth in the ’70s. The first hip-hop films Wild Style and Beat Street were made in the early ’80s. Wild Style was the first movie centered around hip-hop culture; however, Flashdance was the first Hollywood film to feature breaking.[note 15] The movies Breakin and Breakin 2: Electric Boogaloo, also released in the ’80s, introduced the funk styles to the big screen. The new millennium produced several hip-hop dance films. The Freshest Kids: A History of the B-Boy, B-girl, and Planet B-Boy all showcased breaking. Films such as Honey, You Got Served, How She Move, Step Up, Step Up 2: The Streets, Step Up 3D, StreetDance 3D, and Saigon Electric showcased all forms of hip-hop dance especially new style hip-hop. Rize, The Heart of Krump, and Shake City 101 are documentaries about krumping and the street dancers who developed it. These movies/documentaries are all examples of films where the plot and theme surround hip-hop dance and how it affects the characters’ lives.

The JabbaWockeez, winners of the first season of America’s Best Dance Crew.

Hip-hop dance later moved from cinemas to the television. Soul Train, which premiered in the 1970s, was the earliest dance show that showcased the funk styles on a consistent basis. Other hip-hop dance shows that came about in 1990s and 2000s were Dance Fever, Dance 360, MTV’s The Grind, The Wade Robson Project, and Nickelodean’s Dance on Sunset. America’s Best Dance Crew (ABDC) is a reality hip-hop dance competition on MTV created in 2008 by Howard and Karen Schwartz, founders of Hip Hop International—the organization that runs the USA and World Hip Hop Dance Championships.[52] On the show different crews from across the country compete in dance challenges and battle against each other each week. ABDC has contributed to the exposure of Jabbawockeez, Quest, Kaba Modern, Beat Freaks, We Are Heroes, Fanny Pak, Poreotics, and I.aM.mE. These crews now have official websites, make club appearances, perform in different locations/competitions, and appear as guests on news programs. The JabbaWockeeZ have their own resident show in Las Vegas called MÜS.I.C. at the Monte Carlo Resort and Casino. MÜS.I.C. is the first hip-hop dance stage show on the Las Vegas Strip.[98] Both Poreotics and Hokuto «Hok» Konishi from Quest were nominated for a 2011 MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography.[99] Poreotics was nominated along with singer Bruno Mars for his video «The Lazy Song». Hok was nominated for LMFAO’s video «Party Rock Anthem»; the rest of Quest crew appeared in the video as featured dancers.[99]

The reality dance competition So You Think You Can Dance (SYTYCD) encourages dancers from all backgrounds, including hip-hop, to compete. It has a similar premise to the American Idol series of singing competitions, with nationwide auditions leading to the discovery of the next big star. In 2008, poppers Robert «Mr. Fantastic» Muraine and Phillip «Pacman» Chbeeb auditioned during season four. Neither made it to the final «top 20», but the judges were so impressed with their dancing that both were invited back to participate in a popping battle against each other on the show’s live finale. Dancing to Kanye West’s Stronger, Muraine impressed the judges with his fluid mime and contortionist style while Chbeeb responded with quick transformer-like moves. According to Muraine this was the first popping battle that was nationally televised.[100] After the battle Joshua Allen, a hip-hop dancer, was declared the winner of season four of the competition.[101] The same year Mona-Jeanette Berntsen, a hip-hop dancer from Norway, was crowned the winner of the first season of So You Think You Can Dance Scandinavia.[102]

Hip-hop dance has also been popular worldwide among viewers of the Got Talent series. In 2006, French hip-hop dancer Salah won the first season of Incroyable Talent. French b-boy Junior won the second season in 2007. In 2008, hip-hop dancer George Sampson won Britain’s Got Talent and hip-hop dance crew Quick won the Norwegian version of the show. After George Sampson, street dance crew Diversity won the next season of Britain’s Got Talent in 2009.[note 16] Also in 2009, South African hip-hop dancer Darren Rajbal won SA’s Got Talent and Brazilian crew D-Efeitos won Qual é o Seu Talento? (What’s Your Talent?). In 2010, Justice Crew won Australia’s Got Talent.

The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers (The LXD) is a good versus evil themed web series about a group of dancers who discover they have super powers through their dance moves.[103][note 17] Each character has a specific dance talent ranging from krumping, tutting, breaking, locking, boogaloo, and popping.[103][104] The mojority of the dancing shown in the series is hip-hop; however, other styles have been showcased as well including tap dance, stepping, contemporary, and ballet. Advertising Age gave the series good reviews stating «…each episode of ‘LXD’ packs a wealth of narrative sophistication into its eight or nine minutes. Combine this with the theater-worthy production values and a cast that exerts itself to an ungodly extent, and the end result is — pun time! — extraordinary.»[105] The LXD premiered July 7, 2010 on Hulu.

Though hip-hop dancing has managed to establish itself on film and television, it has not gained the same momentum in theater. This may be due to the fact that the dance is more often performed in film and television than it is in a theatrical setting.[106] The first hip-hop stage shows were 1991’s off Broadway musical So! What Happens Now? and 1995’s Jam on the Groove[107] both performed by the Rock Steady Crew, Magnificent Force, and the Rhythm Technicians.[108][109] Aside from the pioneers in New York was Rennie Harris’ Puremovement hip-hop theater company founded in 1992 in Philadelphia.[110] Later developments include the Hip-Hop Theater Festival in New York City and the London based Breakin’ Convention. In 2008, Into the Hoods became the first hip-hop theater show to perform in London’s West End.[66] It eventually went on to become the West End’s longest running dance show ever.[111]

Fitness

Today hip-hop dance is recognized by dancers and trainers alike as an alternate form of exercise. Hip Hop International, the organization that runs the USA and the World Hip Hop Dance Championships, was founded as a subsidiary of Sports Fitness International.[112][note 18] In 2007 Beachbody, the makers of the P90X workout, produced Hip Hop Abs[113]—a home fitness program created by dancer and personal trainer Shaun T[113] that uses hip-hop dance, rather than crunches or sit-ups, to tone and sculpt abs. According to Lance Armstrong’s health and fitness website LiveStrong.com, hip-hop dancing is particularly helpful in building abdominal muscle:

Many of the hip-hop movements isolate the abs, so this area really gets a good muscle-sculpting workout. There is a great deal of hip rolling, waist and pelvic rolling and popping in hip hop and all of these work the abs. The hip-hop «popping» is a technique that is a quick punch on the emphasis of a beat, many times danced in a combination with arm movements and the abdominal area being «popped» in the same count sequence. Doing these popping movements in repetition is an excellent abdominal workout.[114]

In the mid ’90s MTV’s The Grind premiered. It was a television program that showcased social hip-hop dancing to rap, R&B, and house music. Due to the show’s popularity MTV released two The Grind Workout videos hosted by Eric Neis with assistance from choreographer Tina Landon.[115][116] In the early 2000s Nike launched an international campaign promoting dance as sport and enlisted the help of choreographer and creative director Jamie King to develop the Nike Rockstar Workout for use in gyms worldwide.[117] He later released a companion workout book and DVD titled Rock Your Body.[117] Other choreographers/dancers have used fitness as a platform to promote hip-hop dance as a way to stay in shape. Titles include Darrin’s Dance Grooves Vol. 1 – 2, Diversity: Dance Fitness Fusion,[118] and Breakin’ It Down with Laurie Ann Gibson.

Education

In 2002, Safi Thomas founded the Hip-Hop Dance Conservatory (HHDC) in New York City. Thomas’ aim was to provide a comprehensive education to hip-hop dancers that was comparable to what ballet, modern, and jazz dancers would receive at their respective institutions.[119] HHDC provides a formal curriculum with both dance classes (boogaloo, freestyle, locking, etc.) and academic classes (dance theory, physiology, kinesiology, etc.) to people who want to pursue hip-hop dance as a career.[120][78] It is the only educational institution in the United States that is exclusively dedicated to hip-hop dance education. HHDC does not grant degrees. It is a non-profit organization and repertory company that grants certifications to dancers that complete the three year program.

Five years later in 2007, the University of East London’s Institute for Performing Arts started intake for the only bachelor’s degree program in the world specializing in hip-hop, urban, and global dance forms.[121]

Footnotes

  1. ^ African Americans Don Campbell and Sam Solomon developed locking and popping respectively.[1][2] Breaking can not be attributed to one specific person. It was created by African Americans, but Puerto Ricans heavily influenced its development with the addition of the more acrobatic moves which is characteristic of breaking today.[3][4] In a 2001 interview Richard «Crazy Legs» Colón, the president of Rock Steady Crew, commented on how Puerto Ricans contributed to b-boying: «I think the difference is when the brothas first started doing [it] and it was at its infancy they weren’t doing acrobatic moves. That didn’t come into play until more Puerto Ricans got involved in the mid 70s. We then took the dance, evolved it and kept it alive. In ’79 I was getting dissed. I would go into a dance and I would get dissed by a lot of brothas who would ask ‘Why y’all still doing that dance? That’s played out’. By 79, there were very few African American brothas that was doing this… We always maintained the flava. It was like a changing of the guard and all we did was add more flava to something that already existed.»[5]
  2. ^ Robbie Rob from Mighty Zulu Kings invented the chair freeze.[26]
  3. ^ Head spins, back spins, flares, jackhammers, swipes, and windmills are all examples of power moves.
  4. ^ Two regional sub-styles that developed out of popping are jookin’ (also called buckin)[38] from Memphis, TN and turfing from Oakland, CA. Turfing borrows heavily from gliding.[39]
  5. ^ The moonwalk, called the backslide in popping context, is an example of sliding.
  6. ^ Cico holds the world record in 1990s. A 1990 is a move in which a breaker spins continuously on one hand—a hand spin as opposed to a head spin. Cico broke the record by spinning 27 times.[58][59]
  7. ^ Crazy Legs invented both the windmill (continuous back spin) and 1990 b-boy moves by accident.[5]
  8. ^ Steffan «Mr. Wiggles» Clemente is a member of both the Rock Steady Crew and the Electric Boogaloos.[64]
  9. ^ Hip-hop dancer Hokuto «Hok» Konishi is a member of both Quest Crew and Lux Aeterna dance company.[65]
  10. ^ Kate Prince, choreographer on So You Think You Can Dance (UK) is the founder and director of Zoo Nation.[66]
  11. ^ Rize had a limited release when shown in theaters.[75]
  12. ^ Out of Millennium’s 21 faculty members, 18 are hip-hop or jazz funk dance teachers.
  13. ^ Boogiezone is actually an online dance community akin to Facebook but for the dance world. There are profiles of both unsigned/unrepresented dancers and crews as well as industry professionals (dancers, club promoters, studios, etc.). Boogiezone.com provides downloadable dance classes and also runs «community classes» (held at an actual studio) and Boogiezone University—a series of dance conventions, workshops, dance camps, master classes, and one-on-one private lessons.
  14. ^ Wildchild was founded in 2006 and is owned by Wildchild Nation, the same company that owns Threader.[84]
  15. ^ Wild Style was produced in New York and independently released.[30]
  16. ^ Both Sampson and Diversity appeared in the film StreetDance 3D.
  17. ^ The director, executive producer, and writer of The LXD is Jon Chu who also directed the movies Step Up 2: The Streets and Step Up 3D.
  18. ^ Howard Shultz, the president of Hip Hop International, is also the president of Sports Fitness International.[112]

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Bibliography

  • Chang, Jeff. Can’t Stop Won’t Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. New York City: St. Martin’s Press., 2005. ISBN 0-312-30143-X
  • Chang, Jeff. Total Chaos: The Art and Aesthetics of Hip-Hop. New York City: BasicCivitas., 2006. ISBN 0-465-00909-3
  • Kugelberg, Johan. Born in the Bronx. New York City: Rizzoli International Publications Inc., 2007. ISBN 978-0-7893-1540-3
  • Rivera, Raquel. New York Ricans from the Hip Hop Zone. New York City: Palgrave MacMillan., 2003 ISBN 1-403-96043-7

External links

  • Breaking – Lilou vs Morris at Red Bull BC One 2009 on YouTube
  • Locking – Hilty and Bosch at BOTY Asia 2008 on YouTube
  • Popping – Salah in TWIST // Choose the dimension of your life! on YouTube
  • Tutting – Di «Moon» Zhang & Hokuto «Hok» Konishi in The Art of Tutting on YouTube
  • Turfing – Precise Films «Bay Area Turfing» on YouTube
  • Jerkin – «Jerkin'» special on Fox 11 News on YouTube
  • KrumpingRize movie trailer on YouTube
  • Memphis Jookin –Charles «Lil Buck» Riley dancing for House of Crews on YouTube
  • New Style – Les Twins (France) vs Lil’O & Tyger B (USA) at Juste Debout 2011 on YouTube
  • Lyrical Hip-Hop — SYTYCD Benelux Season 2: Els and Angelo at Vimeo
v · d · eHip-hop dance
Main styles

Breaking · Popping · Locking

Derivatives

Krumping · Jerkin’ · Turfing · Memphis Jookin’ · Studio/New Style · Lyrical Hip-Hop · Jazz Funk

Movies

Wild Style · Beat Street · Breakin · Breakin 2: Electric Boogaloo · The Freshest Kids: A History of the B-Boy · Honey · Honey 2 · You Got Served · You Got Served: Beat the World · Take the Lead · Step Up · Step Up 2: The Streets · Step Up 3D · Step Up 4ever · How She Move · Planet B-Boy · Rize · Save the Last Dance · Feel the Noise · Stomp the Yard · Stomp the Yard 2: Homecoming · Boogie Town · StreetDance 3D · Beat This: A Hip-Hop History · Saigon Electric

TV shows

Soul Train · The Grind · Dance Fever · Dance 360 · The Wade Robson Project · America’s Best Dance Crew · Dance on Sunset

People

Jeffrey Daniel · Richard «Crazy Legs» Colon · Clive «Kool Herc» Campbell · Christopher «Lil’ C» Toler · Kenneth «Ken Swift» Gabbert · James Brown · Salah · Toni Basil · Dave Scott · Wayne «Frosty Freeze» Frost · Luca «Lazylegz» Patuelli · Darrin Henson · Hong 10 · Steffan «Mr. Wiggles» Clemente · Michael Jackson · Tabitha and Napoleon D’umo · George Sampson · Shane Sparks · Mona-Jeanette Berntsen · Harry Shum, Jr. · Laurieann Gibson · Detlef Soost · Carter «Fever One» McGlasson · Alyson Stoner · Adil Khan · Jon Chu · Hassan «Haspop» El-Hajjami · Poppin’ Hyun Joon · Sofia Boutella · Adam G. Sevani · Akai Osei

 International champions
Battle of the Year

South Korea JinJo Crew- b-boy crew

UK B-Boy
Championships

France Vagabonds — b-boy crew  · United States Morris — b-boy solo  · Japan Kite — popping solo

Freestyle Session

United States Killafornia — b-boy crew  · Japan Seioshi — locking solo  · Canada Green Tec — popping solo

World Hip Hop Dance
Championships

United Kingdom Plague — hip-hop crew (adult)  · New Zealand Sorority — hip-hop crew (varsity)  · New Zealand Bubblegum — hip-hop crew (junior)  · Jamaica J Boogie — Hip-hop solo  · United States Bionic — Popping solo  · United States Tiffany Bong — Locking solo  · United States Fallen Kings — B-boy crew

Juste Debout

United States B-boy Thesis — toprock solo  · France Les Twins — hip-hop duo  · Japan Gucchon & Key — popping duo  · United States Hurican & Firelock — locking duo  · United States Toyin & Sacha — house duo

Red Bull BC One

Brazil Neguin — b-boy solo

R16 Korea

South Korea JinJo Crew — b-boy crew

Related topics

History of hip-hop dance · Hip-hop culture · House dance · Funk styles · Street dance · African American culture · Funk music · Hip-hop theater · Rock the Spot · Breakin’ Convention · Vibe Dance Competition · Urban Street Jam · Into the Hoods · Bounce Streetdance Company · Hip-Hop Dance Conservatory · The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers · So You Think You Can Dance · Electro dance

v · d · eHip hop
Breaking · DJing · Graffiti · MCing
Culture

Dance · Fashion · Music · Production · Theater

History

History · Golden age · Old school · New school

Subgenres

Alternative hip hop · Bounce music · Chicano rap · Chopped and screwed · Christian hip hop · Comedy hip hop · Conscious hip hop · Freestyle rap · Gangsta rap · Hardcore hip hop · Horrorcore · Indie hip hop · Instrumental hip hop · Native American hip hop · Nerdcore hip hop · Political hip hop · Pop rap · Snap music · Southern hip hop · Turntablism · Underground hip hop · West Coast

Fusion genres

Baltimore club · Country rap · Crunk · Crunkcore · Cumbia rap · Electro hop · G-funk · Ghetto house · Ghettotech · Glitch hop · Hip hop soul · Hip house · Hiplife · Hipster hop · Hyphy · Industrial hip hop · Jazz rap · Merenrap · Neo soul · Rap metal · Rap opera · Rap rock · Rapcore · Digital hardcore · Wonky

By continent

African · Asian · European · Latin American · Middle Eastern

By country

Albanian · Algerian · Australian · Azerbaijani · Belgian · Bosnian/Herzegovinan · Kosovar · Brazilian · British · Bulgarian · Burmese · Canadian · Chinese · Cuban · Czech · Dominican · Dutch · Egyptian · Filipino · Finnish · French · Georgian · German · Greek · Greenlandic · Haitian · Hong Kong · Hungarian · Icelandic · Indian · Indonesian · Iranian · Irish · Israeli · Italian · Ivorian · Japanese · Kenyan · Korean · Lebanese · Macedonian · Malaysian · Mexican · Moroccan · Native American · Nepalese · New Zealand · Nigerian · Pakistani · Palestinian · Polish · Portuguese · Romanian · Russian · Salvadoran · Senegalese · Serbian · Slovak · Slovenian · Spanish · Swedish · Swiss · Taiwanese · Tanzanian · Togolese · Turkish · Ukrainian · Zimbabwean

Media

Wild Style · Style Wars · Beat Street

Lists &
Categories

Albums · Beatboxers · Collectives · DJs · Genres · Groups · Musicians · Producers · Rappers · Singers

Category · Portal
v · d · eStreet dance
Hip-hop dance

B-boying (Toprock, Downrock, Freezes, Power moves) · Bounce · Crip Walk · Dougie · Electric boogaloo · Jerkin’ · Memphis Jookin’ · Krumping · Locking · Robot · Popping (Floating · Gliding · Strobing · Tutting · Waving)  · Turfing · Uprock

House dance

Baltimore club · Footwork · Hustle · Jacking · Lofting · Tecktonik · Vogue · Waacking

Rave dance

Liquid and digits · Hardcore · Hakken · Jumpstyle · Melbourne Shuffle · X-Outing

Jazz dance

Boogie-woogie · Cabbage patch · Cakewalk · Charleston · Lindy Hop · Swing · Tap dance

Other / Misc

Boogie · Calypso · Flexing · Folk dance · Grooving · Moshing · Reggaeton · Salsa · Salsaton · Soca · Pogo · Headbanging

v · d · eDance
Types

Solo · Partner · Group
Ceremonial · Competitive · Concert · Participation · Social

Genres

Acro · Bachata · Ballet · Ballroom · Baroque · Belly · Bhangra · Bharatanatyam · Breaking · Chicago Style Stepping · Country-western · Cumbia · Disco · Erotic · Folk · Forró · Hip-hop · Jazz · Kabuki · Kathak · Kathakali · Krumping · Kuchipudi · Lap · Line · Manipuri · Merengue · Modern · Mohiniyattam · Odissi · Persian · Salsa · Sattriya · Scottish Highland · Sequence · Street · Swing · Tango · Tap · Waltz · War

Technique

Choreography · Connection · Dance theory · Lead and follow · Moves (glossary) · Musicality · Spotting · Turnout

See also

Costumes · Etiquette · History · List of dances · Music · Notation · Outline · Research · Science
Dance and health · Dance in film · Dance in mythology and religion

Modern Hip-Hop Dance

While hip-hop originated as informal street dance meant for the people present, it has further evolved onto the stage and screen and into an audience favorite. Hip-hop now is a highly sought-after and dominant style of dance. It is among the most common styles of dance for music videos, concerts, and dance competitions. It can be found in dance studios of all kinds, teaching its unique and energetic compilation of movements to young and old.

Hip-hop dance has transformed the world of dance and has taken the dance culture by storm. Many of its distinctive moves are often integrated into the choreography of more traditional styles of dance and it has even worked its way into major theatrical and cinematic productions.

Hip-hop dance provides a vibrant means for exercise, art, and movement, creating a platform for individual expression and undeniable talent.

Sign Up For Hip Hop Dance Classes in Greeley

A Dance Place offers exciting hip-hop dance classes in Greeley that incorporate body control, improvisation, and the high-energy movements that have shaped hip-hop dance for decades.

Our talented hip-hop dance instructors have a desire to make sure that students understand and experience that hip-hop class is a fun and safe place for them to be who they really are. At our Greeley hip-hop dance classes, students do not worry about how they look or dress; they simply come to let loose and have fun. For more information about our classes or to register, call today at (970) 590-9530.

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