Word have suffix able

Learning suffixes is one of my favorite ways to help my ESL students increase their English vocabulary. By adding the suffix –ABLE to words you already know you can quickly and easily learn new English words.

5 common examples of words that use the suffix –able

  • available – that you can get or have access to
  • comfortable – feeling relaxed with no stress or worry
  • drinkable –  that you can drink
  • enjoyable –  that you can enjoy
  • unbelievable –  (informal) used to emphasize how good, bad or extreme something is

I spent some time researching and collecting examples of words that use the suffix –able. Keep reading for definitions and real, natural examples that you can use right away in your own English conversations.

Table of Contents

  • Able Suffix Meaning
  • Words With The Suffix Able
  • 22 Suffix Able Examples that show Possibility
  • 10 Suffix Able Examples that show Condition
  • Able Vs -able – Correct Pronunciation
  • Suffix -able Vs. -ible What’s the Difference
  • Printable Able Suffix Word List

Able Suffix Meaning

We’ll use the suffix ~able with verbs to make adjectives that show that the verb is possible.
drinkable = safe to drink (you can drink it, it’s not dangerous) 

It is also used with nouns to make adjectives that mean having the quality of that noun.
comfortable = having the quality of comfort (it feels relaxing)

Word Origin – from French -able or Latin -abilis; originally found in words only from these forms but later used to form adjectives directly from English verbs ending in -ate
Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries suffix ~able

Words With The Suffix Able

The suffix able is used with verbs and nouns to make new adjectives.
You will find that most verbs with the suffix able will show possibility and may have CAN in the definition.
Nouns with the suffix able show a condition or quality.

Possibility adjectives with the suffix -able

22 Suffix Able Examples that show Possibility

adjustable – that can be moved to different positions or changed in shape or size

  • My bicycle seat is adjustable so you can change the height. 

the Suffix -ABLE adjustable My bicycle seat is adjustable so you can change the height.

agreeable – pleasant and easy to like

  • We just met Kayla’s boyfriend today for the first time. I like him, he’s very agreeable. 

available – that you can get or have access to

From the verb avail – to make use of something, especially an opportunity or offer

  • When I got to the store they only had extra large shirts available. I need a medium. 

avoidable – that can be prevented

  • We should have prepared more, all this trouble was completely avoidable. 

believable – that can be believed

  • If you get to work late you need an excuse that is believable, nothing too crazy. 
  • *Another very commonly used adjective is unbelievable. [Prefix UN-] That story is unbelievable. 

breakable – ​likely to break; easily broken

  • Make sure you wrap all the breakable items in thick towels before you pack them in the box. 

chewable – capable of being chewed

  • Regular vitamins are okay but I prefer chewable ones. 

dependable – that can be relied on to do what you want or need

  • Before I start my new job I need a dependable car to get me to and from work. 

doable – able to be done

  • It was a large task but it was doable. I was confident I could complete it. 

drinkable – clean and safe to drink

  • Many countries don’t have drinkable water even in their bigger cities. 

the Suffix -ABLE drinkable Many countries don’t have drinkable water even in their bigger cities.

excusable – ​that can be excused

  • If it was an honest mistake then it’s excusable. If it was done on purpose it is not. 

*Very common inexcusable. [Prefix -IN] Your actions are inexcusable. 

foreseeable – ​that you can predict will happen; that can be foreseen

  • Dwayne and Cassandra are very happy together. I can see them getting married in the foreseeable future. 

irritable – ​getting annoyed easily; showing your anger

  • Gus is a nice guy but he’s a little bit irritable in the mornings. 

justifiable – ​existing or done for a good reason, and therefore acceptable

  • It’s really cool but there’s no way I can spend that much money on a new car. It’s not justifiable right now. 

passable – fairly good but not excellent

  • My French is not perfect but it’s passable. I can navigate Montreal without any problems. 

the Suffix -ABLE passable My French is not perfect but it's passable.

perishable – (especially of food) likely to decay or go bad quickly

  • I keep dried and canned food in the pantry and anything perishable goes in the refrigerator. 

predictable – if something is predictable, you know in advance that it will happen or what it will be like

  • The movie wasn’t bad, it was just a bit predictable. I felt like I always knew what was going to happen. 

preventable – that can be stopped from happening

  • The accident was preventable in my opinion. 

sustainable – ① involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment

  • The world needs to move towards sustainable energy sources for the future. 

② that can continue or be continued for a long time

  • We are working at a fast pace but I don’t think it’s sustainable. The team will burn out quickly if we don’t slow down.

the Suffix -ABLE sustainable The world needs to move towards sustainable energy sources for the future.

unbelievable – (informal) used to emphasize how good, bad or extreme something is

  • That movie was unbelievable! Let’s watch it again this weekend. 

unknowable – that cannot be known

  • Understanding the early formation of our universe is difficult and may even be unknowable. 

the Suffix -ABLE unknowable Understanding the early formation of our universe is difficult and may even be unknowable.

wearable – (of clothes, etc.) pleasant and comfortable to wear; suitable to be worn

  • The spring fashion show had some very wearable clothes this season. Usually, the fashion shows that I watch have models wearing crazy outfits that are not practical.

Condition adjectives with the suffix -able

10 Suffix Able Examples that show Condition

adorable – very attractive and easy to feel love for

  • Have you seen Brenda’s new puppy? It’s so adorable! 

comfortable – making you feel physically relaxed; pleasant to wear, sit on, etc.

  • We stayed at my favorite Hotel. The food is awesome and the beds are so comfortable.

considerable – ​great in amount, size, importance, etc.

  • The company lost a considerable amount of money last year. 

desirable – that you would like to have or do; worth having or doing

  • The most desirable outcome is the one where everybody wins. 

enjoyable – giving pleasure

  • I found the movie very enjoyable. 

the Suffix -ABLE enjoyable I found the movie very enjoyable.

fashionable – ① following a style that is popular at a particular time

  • Jennifer was wearing some fashionable jeans today, she has a nice Style. 

② used or visited by people following a current fashion, especially by rich people

  • They just opened a very fashionable restaurant on Main Street. I heard the food is great but it’s too expensive for me. 

favorable – making or showing a good opinion of somebody/something

  • When I met my wife’s family for the first time I wanted to make a favorable impression. 

honorable – ​deserving great respect

  • Ken is a decent and honorable man. I like him a lot. 

questionable – ① that you have doubts about because you think it is not accurate or correct

  • I reviewed the report and some of these numbers are questionable. 

the Suffix -ABLE questionable I reviewed the report and some of these numbers are questionable.

② likely to be dishonest or morally wrong

  • I’m not sure why Tom did that. His motives are questionable to me. 

reasonable –  fair, practical, acceptable

  • That sounds like a reasonable solution to me. 

regrettable – that you are sorry about and wish had not happened

  • What happened at the party was regrettable. I’m sorry to anyone who was affected by it. 

the Suffix -ABLE regrettable What happened at the party was regrettable.

remarkable – unusual or surprising in a way that causes people to take notice

  • The goalie made a remarkable save in the last minute of the game to secure the win for his team.

Able Vs -able – Correct Pronunciation

The verb able and the suffix ~able are spelled exactly the same but not pronounced the same. Here’s the difference.

The verb able makes an AY sound. (Like DAY)

  • Superman is able to leap tall buildings in a single bound. (bound = a high or long jump)

The suffix –able makes an AH sound. (Like SPA)

  • Regular vitamins are okay but I prefer chewable ones.

Able Suffix – FAQs

Suffix -able Vs –ible What’s the Difference

Suffix ~able vs ~ible What’s the Difference

Both suffixes –able and –ible are added to words to make adjectives that show something can be done.

-ible suffix 1. that can or must be
Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries suffix ~ible

Here are two common adjectives using the suffix –ible

audible – that can be heard clearly

  • Dogs can hear sounds that are not audible to human ears.

reversible – (of clothes, materials, etc.) that can be turned inside out and worn or used with either side showing

  • I just bought a reversible jacket. The outside is dark blue and the inside is light grey. I can wear it either way.

    Learn How to use Either and Neither (video and QUIZ)

The difference

From my research, the suffix –able is still being used to make new adjectives but the suffix –ible is not.

This means adjectives ending with the suffix -ible are older words that were made in the past.

This is also why we hear words ending with ABLE more often than words ending with IBLE. New words with the suffix -able are still being made!

The suffixes “-able” and “-ible” are both used to form adjectives meaning “possible, capable of, suitable for, or causing.” Of the two, “-able” is much more common: it is what’s known as a “living” or “productive” suffix, meaning that it is still being used to create new words. The variant “-ible,” on the other hand, is only used in older words that have survived into modern English.
Thefreedictionary.com/Commonly-Confused-Suffixes-able-vs-ible

Can the suffix -able be used with any word?

No, the suffix -able cannot be used with any word in English. The suffix -able is used with verbs and nouns to make new adjectives. Native speakers add -able to the end of verbs quite often in informal situations to show that something is possible, but not every verb will accept this suffix.

Some more common verbs that don’t have an adjective made with the suffix -able are: 

  • act
  • come
  • go
  • meet
  • say

Eat is another exception. The spelling changes to become the adjective edible.

Are there any rules for using the suffix -able in English?

The final “e” in the base verb is usually dropped before adding -able. for example BELIEVABLE. 

This doesn’t happen in cases where the “e” is part of a vowel-consonant-e (VCE) pattern, such as “loveable” (from “love”). O is a Vowel – V is a Consonant – followed by the letter E.

If the base verb ends in “y,” the “y” is usually changed to “i” before adding -able. For example, “reliable” (from “rely”). *An exception is enjoyable.

One of the video clips that I used in this post is from a fun video that I found on YouTube. You can watch the whole video here 🙂

Printable Able Suffix Word List

Download your printable PDF Word List below. (It’s FREE!)↓

Learn more ways to increase your vocabulary with prefixes and suffixes by clicking here >>> WorldEnglishBlog.com/prefixes-suffixes

Check out these other Prefix and Suffix blog posts.

Источник
  • Words with a certain ending
  • Adjectives with the suffix «-able»

This morpheme tends to mean «capable of, or worthy of«. Some of the most representative words that include it are: honorable, predictable. It’s typically applied to adjectives.

See the full list below:

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  • able


  • available


  • considerable


  • unable


  • reasonable


  • suitable


  • capable


  • comfortable


  • valuable


  • acceptable


  • remarkable


  • stable


  • inevitable


  • vulnerable


  • liable


  • reliable


  • desirable


  • comparable


  • payable


  • notable


  • favourable


  • applicable


  • profitable


  • uncomfortable


  • variable


  • unacceptable


  • probable


  • respectable


  • miserable


  • fashionable


  • formidable


  • unreasonable


  • viable


  • predictable


  • enjoyable


  • portable


  • memorable


  • understandable


  • noticeable


  • incapable


  • invaluable


  • preferable


  • unstable


  • unsuitable


  • charitable


  • sustainable


  • unpredictable


  • accountable


  • undesirable


  • equitable


  • attributable


  • practicable


  • identifiable


  • unbelievable


  • advisable


  • intolerable


  • unreliable


  • admirable


  • questionable


  • sizeable


  • indispensable


  • arable


  • foreseeable


  • disposable


  • unmistakable


  • unavoidable


  • agreeable


  • affordable


  • manageable


  • unavailable


  • improbable


  • conceivable


  • adjustable


  • taxable


  • recognisable


  • durable


  • unthinkable


  • unbearable


  • renewable


  • knowledgeable


  • unfavourable


  • irritable


  • amenable


  • observable


  • innumerable


  • justifiable


  • usable


  • indistinguishable


  • amiable


  • inseparable


  • detectable


  • measurable


  • enforceable


  • reputable


  • recognizable


  • pleasurable


  • inconceivable


  • obtainable


  • recoverable


  • impeccable


  • readable


  • inexplicable


  • adaptable


  • workable


  • appreciable


  • regrettable


  • inescapable


  • chargeable


  • distinguishable


  • intractable


  • arguable


  • uncontrollable


  • achievable


  • debatable


  • undeniable


  • tolerable


  • answerable


  • allowable


  • impenetrable


  • veritable


  • disagreeable


  • interchangeable


  • marketable


  • venerable


  • unforgettable


  • transferable


  • objectionable


  • amicable


  • interminable


  • sociable


  • impracticable


  • inexorable


  • negotiable


  • unprofitable


  • imaginable


  • insatiable


  • commendable


  • enviable


  • machine-readable


  • unworkable


  • implacable


  • lovable


  • deplorable


  • likeable


  • untenable


  • pensionable


  • attainable


  • removable


  • irrevocable


  • unremarkable


  • palatable


  • excitable


  • palpable


  • explicable


  • unimaginable


  • unenforceable


  • avoidable


  • dependable


  • unstoppable


  • punishable


  • unpalatable


  • incurable


  • scalable


  • despicable


  • unfashionable


  • rateable


  • unassailable


  • unreadable


  • movable


  • hospitable


  • laughable


  • serviceable


  • creditable


  • bearable


  • inscrutable


  • merchantable


  • controllable


  • affable


  • unbeatable


  • unspeakable


  • inhospitable


  • insurmountable


  • inflatable


  • tenable


  • irreconcilable


  • unattainable


  • exercisable


  • malleable


  • incomparable


  • washable


  • presentable


  • indisputable


  • delectable


  • detachable


  • impassable


  • quantifiable


  • impregnable


  • laudable


  • passable


  • perishable


  • approachable


  • believable


  • redeemable


  • unjustifiable


  • unmanageable


  • indefinable


  • disreputable


  • definable


  • separable


  • unusable


  • unforgivable


  • invariable


  • demonstrable


  • voidable


  • immutable


  • immovable


  • actionable


  • impressionable


  • abominable


  • preventable


  • unenviable


  • programmable


  • habitable


  • testable


  • saleable


  • recyclable


  • incalculable


  • indescribable


  • verifiable


  • redoubtable


  • inimitable


  • irreparable


  • sizable


  • indefatigable


  • insuperable


  • unanswerable


  • arrestable


  • unsustainable


  • realisable


  • flammable


  • unaccountable


  • traceable


  • irreplaceable


  • inconsiderable


  • inequitable


  • repayable


  • expendable


  • culpable


  • navigable


  • lamentable


  • changeable


  • permeable


  • bistable


  • untouchable


  • inapplicable


  • unobtainable


  • biodegradable


  • playable


  • unshakeable


  • expandable


  • pliable


  • ineffable


  • receivable


  • inalienable


  • datable


  • indomitable


  • unbreakable


  • contestable


  • moveable


  • unrecognisable


  • collectable


  • adorable


  • irrecoverable


  • printable


  • indictable


  • breathable


  • unfathomable


  • companionable


  • unquestionable


  • inflammable


  • personable


  • falsifiable


  • unrecognizable


  • unknowable


  • distributable


  • assessable


  • irrefutable


  • peaceable


  • impermeable


  • rechargeable


  • invulnerable


  • immeasurable


  • insufferable


  • tractable


  • reusable


  • inadvisable


  • inviolable


  • unmentionable


  • inoperable


  • undetectable


  • unimpeachable


  • bookable


  • non-renewable


  • unidentifiable


  • dishonourable


  • repeatable


  • unalterable


  • treatable


  • realizable


  • inestimable


  • non-transferable


  • lockable


  • retractable


  • inexcusable


  • heritable


  • communicable


  • unbridgeable


  • insupportable


  • equable


  • refundable


  • indecipherable


  • replaceable


  • unapproachable


  • registrable


  • uninhabitable


  • unemployable


  • unquantifiable


  • loadable


  • uncharitable


  • drinkable


  • irretrievable


  • curable


  • returnable


  • unconscionable


  • unchallengeable


  • unforeseeable


  • executable


  • irredeemable


  • unplayable


  • unendurable


  • dispensable


  • exchangeable


  • selectable


  • detestable


  • unmistakeable


  • interpretable


  • ungovernable


  • determinable


  • inconsolable


  • unsaleable


  • ascertainable


  • discreditable


  • maintainable


  • unsociable


  • treasonable


  • forgettable


  • wearable


  • potable


  • knowable


  • extendable


  • triable


  • unchangeable


  • interoperable


  • unrepeatable


  • severable


  • unexceptionable


  • excusable


  • friable


  • remediable


  • transportable


  • unobservable


  • justiciable


  • damnable


  • monostable


  • patentable


  • unflappable


  • unpronounceable


  • forgivable


  • discernable


  • imperishable


  • upgradable


  • loveable


  • switchable


  • untraceable


  • estimable


  • unmemorable


  • retrievable


  • untreatable


  • exploitable


  • marriageable


  • deliverable


  • incommensurable


  • steerable


  • manoeuvrable


  • unquenchable


  • pitiable


  • injectable


  • calculable


  • incontestable


  • describable


  • consumable


  • generalisable


  • ineluctable


  • discoverable


  • configurable


  • unreachable


  • notifiable


  • unachievable


  • sable


  • tradeable


  • ineradicable


  • biddable


  • unobjectionable


  • non-negotiable


  • irremediable


  • upgradeable


  • indubitable


  • resolvable


  • mutable


  • unarguable


  • recordable


  • imponderable


  • reconcilable


  • imperturbable


  • watchable


  • employable


  • unlovable


  • provable


  • perceivable


  • useable


  • unviable


  • breakable


  • unprintable


  • inextricable


  • unsinkable


  • assignable


  • tunable


  • unpardonable


  • winnable


  • unutterable


  • specifiable


  • publishable


  • unmissable


  • reachable


  • bankable


  • reviewable


  • unelectable


  • differentiable


  • revocable


  • impalpable


  • exportable


  • tradable


  • quotable


  • callable


  • non-taxable


  • conformable


  • referable


  • unserviceable


  • unsupportable


  • unnoticeable


  • unshakable


  • countable


  • endurable


  • protectable


  • replicable


  • non-communicable


  • untestable


  • pardonable


  • erasable


  • operable


  • certifiable


  • fanciable


  • supportable


  • modifiable


  • metastable


  • clubbable


  • unaffordable


  • claimable


  • viewable


  • unseasonable


  • unprovable


  • unmerchantable


  • undefinable


  • recoupable


  • customisable


  • refillable


  • repairable


  • irreproachable


  • unresolvable


  • execrable


  • unwarrantable


  • examinable


  • depreciable


  • translatable


  • addressable


  • disputable


  • containable


  • survivable


  • eatable


  • explainable


  • unrespectable


  • substitutable


  • rebuttable


  • analysable


  • cancellable


  • electable


  • recommendable


  • excludable


  • learnable


  • demountable


  • issuable


  • unclassifiable


  • cultivable


  • reportable


  • pronounceable


  • liveable


  • refutable


  • teachable


  • uncountable


  • reclaimable


  • seasonable


  • unconquerable


  • assimilable


  • manipulable


  • unwinnable


  • implantable


  • irresolvable


  • unexplainable


  • uneatable


  • uninterpretable


  • discriminable


  • unshockable


  • insurable


  • climbable


  • inheritable


  • contactable


  • non-perishable


  • educable


  • uninsurable


  • unmeasurable


  • sellable


  • danceable


  • uncontainable


  • alienable


  • opposable


  • favorable


  • implementable


  • untranslatable


  • imprisonable


  • unrealizable


  • unfalsifiable


  • editable


  • searchable


  • thinkable


  • decipherable


  • unlikeable


  • undiscussable


  • confusable


  • generalizable


  • penetrable


  • dislikeable


  • irremovable


  • relatable


  • unsurpassable


  • lettable


  • derivable


  • loanable


  • excisable


  • unforgiveable


  • rewritable


  • enumerable


  • displayable


  • reimbursable


  • fermentable


  • irrebuttable


  • unrealisable


  • resealable


  • unverifiable


  • thermostable


  • listenable


  • unassimilable


  • astable


  • unanalysable


  • unmatchable


  • unteachable


  • dateable


  • classifiable


  • kickable


  • unresectable


  • unattributable


  • downloadable


  • appealable


  • flyable


  • ratable


  • unshiftable


  • interruptable


  • imageable


  • unseeable


  • noncallable


  • copyable


  • doable


  • prescribable


  • vegetable


  • resectable


  • unnavigable


  • unpleasurable


  • terminable


  • challengeable


  • ineducable


  • commonable


  • unputdownable


  • undrinkable


  • dutiable


  • unmarriageable


  • bendable


  • vunerable


  • solvable


  • writeable


  • evaluable


  • skiable


  • renormalizable


  • bypassable


  • crushable


  • unclimbable


  • vatable


  • confirmable


  • illimitable


  • interconnectable


  • mailable


  • photocopiable


  • unpublishable


  • sniffable


  • non-flammable


  • unreviewable


  • compellable


  • deniable


  • eliminable


  • uncollectable


  • incommunicable


  • knowledgable


  • decomposable


  • unignorable


  • kissable


  • nameable


  • undependable


  • defendable


  • fishable


  • resizable


  • ploughable


  • relievable


  • beatable


  • unrecoverable


  • unfudgeable


  • covetable


  • mappable


  • ungraspable


  • shareable


  • graspable


  • assailable


  • unsurmountable


  • promotable


  • unenjoyable


  • walkable


  • ascribable


  • untrainable


  • chewable


  • governable


  • unexportable


  • likable


  • decidable


  • transmittable


  • inferable


  • rentable


  • honorable


  • salvageable


  • spendable


  • smokable


  • paraphrasable


  • unbreachable


  • recuperable


  • purchasable


  • machine-washable


  • unnameable


  • indeterminable


  • restorable


  • spongeable


  • superimposable


  • sackable


  • unascertainable


  • unsellable


  • rack-mountable


  • immoveable


  • updatable


  • pierceable


  • treasurable


  • characterisable


  • degradable


  • scannable


  • listable


  • developable


  • uncatchable


  • inextinguishable


  • uncategorisable


  • debateable


  • rideable


  • worshipable


  • unlistenable


  • cherishable


  • cashable


  • deformable


  • orderable


  • auditable


  • exceptionable


  • dissociable


  • shrinkable


  • indissociable


  • transplantable


  • diagnosable


  • bootable


  • impeachable


  • singable


  • undecidable


  • irresectable


  • uncrossable


  • uncontestable


  • dismissable


  • transposable


  • unmoveable


  • freezable


  • livable


  • stretchable


  • unwatchable


  • undefeatable


  • revisable


  • commensurable


  • catchable


  • influenceable


  • irrigable


  • checkable


  • unwearable


  • installable


  • unfishable


  • stainable


  • analyzable


  • appointable


  • stackable


  • unopenable


  • disconformable


  • discussable


  • ignorable


  • drivable


  • citable


  • crystallizable


  • inferrable


  • criticizable


  • wettable


  • inhabitable


  • transferrable


  • unsolvable


  • maximisable


  • imitable


  • unkillable


  • paintable


  • unsatisfiable


  • plannable


  • huggable


  • unrideable


  • undatable


  • licensable


  • earnable


  • extractable


  • computable


  • unsayable


  • correctable


  • predicable


  • impugnable


  • customizable


  • unrecordable


  • sharable


  • plantable


  • reconfigurable


  • unspecifiable


  • permutable


  • universalisable


  • integrable


  • amendable


  • droppable


  • compostable


  • trainable


  • settlable


  • unspinnable


  • reparable


  • tuneable


  • manufacturable


  • undistinguishable


  • combinable


  • unforecastable


  • undecipherable


  • mentionable


  • blendable


  • attenuable


  • waivable


  • inclinable


  • gradable


  • foldable


  • unmovable


  • non-comparable


  • wipeable


  • uncrushable


  • surmountable


  • under-the-table


  • runnable


  • shootable


  • unparodiable


  • unprotectable


  • abstractable


  • findable


  • unrunnable


  • fulfillable


  • broadcastable


  • unchartable


  • browsable


  • fundable


  • unfillable


  • cognizable


  • noteable


  • eradicable


  • unfilmable


  • titratable


  • unimprovable


  • decodable


  • cacheable


  • unfindable


  • unimpugnable


  • unclubbable


  • unfinishable


  • canoeable


  • condemnable


  • inarguable


  • saturable


  • poolable


  • occupiable


  • unplaceable


  • helpable


  • unbreathable


  • faxable


  • unnamable


  • bitable


  • fudgeable


  • handlable


  • uncopyrightable


  • billable


  • floodable


  • human-readable


  • procurable


  • nonperishable


  • photocurable


  • unrevisable


  • smokeable


  • unpayable


  • remittable


  • respirable


  • isolatable


  • undrainable


  • unremovable


  • bridgeable


  • fordable


  • midtable


  • compensable


  • admissable


  • irrefragable


  • oxidizable


  • storable


  • desireable


  • fixable


  • unmanoeuvrable


  • squashable


  • ratifiable


  • unamendable


  • fuckable


  • semipermeable


  • embraceable


  • unsaveable


  • imposable


  • unmarketable


  • censorable


  • undrivable


  • undriveable


  • unbudgeable


  • alterable


  • picturable


  • representable


  • scaleable


  • unreconcilable


  • unlinkable


  • performable


  • unmixable


  • overlookable


  • untarnishable


  • unfavorable


  • companiable


  • inhibitable


  • unknowledgeable


  • cyclable


  • grabbable


  • microwavable


  • referrable


  • withdrawable


  • superannuable


  • disclosable


  • untaxable


  • equatable


  • unredeemable


  • colourable


  • inviable


  • dubitable


  • skateable


  • non-adjustable


  • puttable


  • encashable


  • uncompanionable


  • hydrolysable


  • financeable


  • universalizable


  • uncleanable


  • prosecutable


  • mountable


  • sealable


  • diversifiable


  • replayable


  • allocable


  • motorable


  • chuckable


  • unadvisable


  • removeable


  • uncontactable


  • openable


  • pinchable


  • unappealable


  • proportionable


  • tillable


  • forecastable


  • formulable


  • resalable


  • unappeasable


  • re-electable


  • rememberable


  • rewirable


  • undecodable


  • locatable


  • completable


  • multivariable


  • associable


  • cultivatable


  • filmable


  • tearable


  • copiable


  • unchargeable


  • unpicturable


  • possessable


  • untranscribable


  • accruable


  • parodiable


  • extricable


  • unwordable


  • untransferable


  • unjammable


  • transmissable


  • deployable


  • brandable


  • uncharmable


  • unpigeonholeable


  • nonflammable


  • hypercoagulable


  • shockable


  • culturable


  • uncloggable


  • affirmable


  • unimpregnable


  • bombardable


  • pleadable


  • blackmailable


  • redistributable


  • drainable


  • unswimmable


  • unguessable


  • unimpressionable


  • unsackable


  • surpassable


  • inappreciable


  • unmendable


  • buildable


  • actable


  • untransmittable


  • mateable


  • titrable


  • undoable


  • cleanable


  • uncheatable


  • undefendable

Note: these words have been obtained from Wiktionary and have been classified and improved through automated computer linguistics processes.

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    Источник

    Об английском с любовью

    Словообразование. “-ABLE (-IBLE)”, суффиксы, образующие прилагательные.

    Продолжаем знакомиться с суффиксами прилагательных. В прошлом сообщении я рассказала об очень распространенных суффиксах “- LESS» и «– FUL”. Теперь займемся многочисленной группой прилагательных с суффиксами “-ABLE (-IBLE)”, которые нередко вызывают затруднения при переводе с английского языка на русский. Поэтому здесь надо поподробнее остановиться на смысловом значении этих суффиксов.

    Суффиксы –ABLE ( – IBLE) = продуктивные, происхождением с латыни. Присоединяются к глаголу и имеют два основных смысла. Зная глагол и смысл этих суффиксов можно легко догадаться о значении прилагательного. Часто используется с отрицательным префиксом.

    ПЕРВЫЙ СМЫСЛ: СПОСОБНОСТЬ и ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ или, если есть отрицание, тогда – НЕСПОСОБНОСТЬ или НЕВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ. Чтобы легче было переводить, запомните фразу: “ТО, ЧТО МОЖНО” и для отрицания – “ ТО, ЧТО НЕЛЬЗЯ, НЕВОЗМОЖНО”. Несколько примеров:

    TO EAT ( есть, кушать) + ABLE – EATABLE = “то, что можно съесть”, значит — съедобный.

    TO MOVE ( двигать, передвигать) + ABLE – MOVABLE = “то, что можно двигать, передвигать”, значит — передвижной.

    TO BREAK ( ломать, разбивать) + ABLE — BREAKABLE = “то, что можно сломать или разбить”, значит — бьющийся, хрупкий, ломающийся.

    TO READ ( читать) + ABLE – READABLE = “то, что можно прочитать” , значит – читаемый или разборчивый ( о почерке).

    TO CURE ( вылечивать, исцелять) + ABLE – CURABLE = “то, что можно вылечить, исцелить”, значит то, что поддается лечению, исцеляемый.

    TO RESPOND ( отвечать) + IBLE – RESPONSIBLE = ”тот, кто может отвечать”, значит – ответственный.

    TO EXPAND (расширять(ся), увеличивать(ся) + IBLE – EXPANSIBLE = “то, что может расширяться”, значит- растяжимый.

    TO EXTEND (простирать(ся), тянуть(ся) + IBLE — EXTENSIBLE = “то, что может тянуться, простираться) , значит – растяжимый.

    TO DIVIDE (делить)+ IBLE – DIVISIBLE = “то, что можно поделить”, значит – делимый.

    TO EXHAUST (изнурять, истощать) + IBLE – EXHAUSTIBLE = “то, что может истощаться”, значит – изнуряемый.

    Напишу несколько примеров с отрицательным префиксом “UN-”:

    TO AVOID (избегать) = UN + avoid + ABLE – UNAVOIDABLE = “то, чего нельзя избежать”, значит – неизбежный.

    TO FORGET ( забывать) = UN + forget + ABLE – UNFORGETTABLE = “то, что нельзя забыть”, значит – незабываемый.

    TO CHANGE ( менять, меняться)= UN + change + ABLE – UNCHANGEABLE = “ то, что нельзя изменить”, значит – неизменный.

    TO RECOGNIZE ( узнавать, признавать) = UN + recognize + ABLE – UNRECOGNIZABLE = “то, что невозможно узнать”, значит неузнаваемый.

    TO THINK ( думать) = UN + think + ABLE – UNTHINKABLE = “то, о чем невозможно и подумать”, значит – немыслимый.

    TO BELIEVE ( верить) = UN + beleive + ABLE – UNBELIEVABLE = “то, во что невозможно поверить”, значит – невероятный.

    TO ACHIEVE ( достигать, дотягиваться)= UN + achieve + ABLE – UNACHIEVABLE = “то, до чего невозможно дотянуться”, значит – недостижимый.

    TO BEAR ( нести, выносить) = UN + bear + ABLE – UNBEARABLE = “то, что невозможно вынести”, значит – невыносимый.

    TO FORGIVE ( прощать) = UN + forgive + ABLE – UNFORGIVABLE = “то, что невозможно простить”, значит – непростительный.

    ВТОРОЙ СМЫСЛ: ПРИГОДНОСТЬ, СООТВЕТСТВИЕ, ПРЕДПОЧТЕНИЕ и т.д.

    COMFORTABLE = удобный;

    HONOURABLE = почетный;

    LIKEABLE = приятный, привлекательный, милый;

    VALUABLE = ценный;

    CONSIDERABLE = значительный, важный.

    Суффиксы -able и -ible в английском

    С помощью английских суффиксов мы, по похожему принципу как и с окончаниями в русском, можем образовывать новые слова. В зависимости от суффиксов мы получаем различные части речи, которые нам могут пригодиться абсолютно в любой ситуации. Знание же правил словообразования с суффиксами позволит нам это делать практически на лету. В сегодняшней статье мы рассмотрим как образуются ангийские прилагательные с помощью суффиксов «-able» и «-ible«.

    Нередко с суффиксами в английском возникают сложности у изучающих английский. Происходит это от того ,что идеология английского совершенно иная, нежели у русского. Чаще всего для словообразования в качестве основ используются глаголы или существительные. Суффиксы же наделяют новые слова определенными свойствами. Этот подход в принципе универсальнее, чем например в русском языке, когда прилагательные часто имеют только один смысл и для того, чтобы придать ему иной оттенок нужно использовать дополнительное слово. В английском же суффиксы несут определенную смысловую нагрузку. Например в прилагательных суффикс «-full» говорит о полноте/наполненности чего-то, суффикс «-less» наоборот о недостатке.

    Суффиксы «-able/-ible«, о которых пойдёт речь сегодня, наделяют прилагательное свойством пригодности или же соответствия если образованы от существительного, возможности/невозможности если образованы от глагола. Простой пример: to read (читать) — readable (удобочитаемый, имеющий возможность к прочтению, хорошо написанный чтобы читать). Как видите, в русском нам нужно добавить кучу дополнительных слов чтобы описать данное свойство, а в английском для придания такого смысла достаточно лишь иметь краткий суффикс «-able«. В этом и есть основная сложность, т.к. такие слова на русском нам выражать гораздо сложнее, чем англичане способны делать это по английски. Звучит немного непонятно и странно, но так бывает когда теория не сопровождается практикой. Мы не такие 🙂 и попробуем приоткрыть завесу над этим не совсем понятным нюансом.

    Почему мы рассматриваем два суффикса сразу? Потому что они обозначают то же самое, но их добавление зависит от основы к которой суффикс прибавляется. В принципе суффикс «-ible» это в какой то степени частный случай, т.к. всего слов с таким суффиксом около 200. Несмотря на это они также есть в обиходе и знать их необходимо. Существуют правила добавления суффиксов, которые поясняют некоторые общие принципы формирования прилагательных. Далее рассмотрим их подробнее.

    1. Если основой является существительное с суффиксом «-ation«, то прилагательное будет образовываться полной заменой его на суффикс «-able«:

    Обращаем внимание: в некоторых случаях «-e» в конце основы удаляется в новый прилагательных (cure — curable) а в некоторых нет (change — changeable). Также возможны ситуации, когда согласные удваиваются (stop — stoppable). Ну и как было указано ранее, русский перевод некоторых слов весьма затруднителен ввиду отсутствия возможности перевести некоторые слова дословно.

    4. Если основа имеет окончание «-ion» а перед ней стоит буква «s» или «t» (с «t» правило не работает в 100% случаев), то для нового прилагательного нужно использовать суффикс «-ible«:

    Итог

    Как видите — тема не самая простая. Существует много правил и не меньше исключени из них. Всё что можем добавить так это то, что лучшим способом выучить хотя бы часть таких слов является практика, т.к. в живой речи можно услышать наиболее употребляемые формы и для вас будет более очевидно, на какие из них следует обратить больше внимания в зависимости от того, предпочитаете ли вы их использовать в своей речи или же вам проще избегать эти слова, заменяя их аналогами. В любом случае теперь когда вы встретите такие слова в тексте или в разговоре вы будете четко понимать, что за они и зачем нужны. И это значит, что данная статья была вам полезна.

    С помощью этой формы вы можете связаться с администраторами сайта. Обратите внимание, что поля обозначенные * обязательны к заполнению!

    Суффиксы -able, -ous, -ful, -less

    Все эти суффиксы образуют прилагательные.

    -able

    Суффикс -able произошел от прилагательного able способный, которое вы только что встретили в грамматическом разделе. Этот суффикс означает способность или пригодность к чему-либо.

    remark замечать remarkable замечательный
    change изменяться changeable изменчивый
    apply применять applicable применимый

    Довольно часто прилагательные с суффиксом -able имеют также отрицательную приставку un-. Такие слова обычно означают непригодность к чему-либо.

    untranslatable не поддающийся переводу
    undrinkable (water) непригодная для питья (вода)
    unthinkable немыслимый

    -ous

    Суффикс -ous образует прилагательные от латинских корней:

    mountain гора mountainous гористый
    volume объем voluminous огромный, объемистый
    vary меняться various различный

    -ful и -less

    Суффиксы -ful и -less следует сравнить с известными вам словами full полный и less меньше. Соответственно, эти суффиксы образуют прилагательные с противоположными значениями: -ful означает наличие, a -less — отсутствие чего-либо. Несколько примеров:

    use польза useful полезный useless бесполезный
    faith вера faithful верный (друг) faithless неверный (друг)
    law закон lawful законный lawless беззаконный

    Данная тема включена в «Урок 18. Lesson Eighteen» самоучителя английского языка. Для освоения темы рекомендуем перейти к уроку. Если же вы хотите более подробно ознакомиться с самоучителем, вы можете посмотреть его содержание.

    источники:

    http://lingvofon.club/lang/english/prodvinutyj-kurs/suffixes-able-and-ible

    http://tuteng.ru/tutorial/18-3-suffiksy-able-ous-ful-less.html

    Источник

    Многие слова оканчиваются на – able и – ible, и иногда трудно запомнить, какое именно написание является правильным. Эти суффиксы имеют латинское происхождение. Выбор «a» или «i» в суффиксе изначально зависел от латинских глаголов. В процессе словообразования нужно ориентироваться на другие однокоренные слова. Существуют правила, но при этом довольно много исключений.

    Помните, если вы не уверены, как именно пишется то или иное слово, лучше заглянуть в словарь. Итак, правила:

    • Если прилагательное образовано от существительного с суффиксом – ation после корня, то в нём будет стоять суффикс -able:

    admiration (восхищение) — admirable (восхитительный)

    duration (продолжительность) — durable (продолжительный)

    • Если есть родственное слово, которое оканчивается на – ate, то в прилагательном будет стоять суффикс -able:

    irritate (раздражать) — irritable (раздражительный)

    operate (управлять) — operatable (управляемый)

    • Если убрать суффикс -able из слова, то останется полноценное слово: acceptable (приемлемый), eatable (съедобный), remarkable (примечательный), comfortable (удобный), bearable (терпимый). При этом, если слово оканчивается на согласный, то он удваивается перед —able: forget – forgettable (незапоминающийся).

    Когда слово заканчивается на “ce” (s) и “ge” (j), не отбрасывайте немую “e” перед прибавлением суффикса -able: notice – noticeable (заметный). Слова, оканчивающиеся на “dge” (j), в основном следуют этому же правилу, например: knowledge — knowledgeable, abridge — abridgable / abridgeable, lodge — lodgeable. НО: некоторые полные слова или корни, оканчивающиеся на “ce” (s) и “g/ge” (j) прибавляют “ible” (сначала отбросьте “e”).

    • Если убрать суффикс -ible из слова, то останется неполное слово: terrible (ужасный), edible (съедобный), visible (видимый), horrible (ужасный), incredible (невероятный).НО существуют исключения: accessible (доступный), convertible (конвертируемый), deductible (вычитаемый), contemptible (ничтожный), digestible (удобоваримый), flexible (гибкий) и suggestible (поддающийся внушению).

    • Если предшествует согласная «s» или есть родственное слово, оканчивающееся на – ion, то в прилагательном будет стоять суффикс —ible:

    division (отдел, деление) divisible (делимый, кратный)
    fusion (слияние, синтез, сплав) fusible (плавкий)
    audition (прослушивание) audible (слышный)

    Полное слово, оканчивающееся на «e», может терять её перед суффиксами – able и – ible: advise – advisable (целесообразный), sense – sensible (чувствительный).

    Существует всего около 180 слов, образованных при помощи суффикса -ible. Вот некоторые из них:

    • accessible – доступный
    • admissible – допустимый
    • audible – слышный
    • collapsible – разборный
    • combustible – воспламеняющийся
    • compatible – совместимый
    • comprehensible – понятный
    • contemptible – ничтожный
    • credible – заслуживающий доверия, надёжный
    • defensible – пригодный для обороны
    • destructible – непрочный, поддающийся разрушению
    • digestible – удобоваримый
    • divisible – делимый, делящийся
    • edible – съедобный, пищевой
    • fallible – сомнительный, не исключающий ошибки
    • flexible – гибкий
    • gullible – легковерный, доверчивый
    • horrible – ужасный
    • illegible – неразборчивый, нечитаемый, трудный для чтения
    • implausible – невероятный, невообразимый
    • inaccessible – недоступный
    • incontrovertible – неоспоримый, неопровержимый
    • incredible – невероятный
    • indefensible – незащищённый, недоказуемый
    • indelible – нестираемый, неизгладимый, непреходящий
    • inedible — несъедобный
    • insensible – нечувствительный, бесчувственный
    • intelligible – понятный, вразумительный, доступный для восприятия
    • invincible – непобедимый, непреодолимый
    • invisible – невидимый
    • irresistible – непреодолимый, неотразимый
    • irreversible – необратимый, неотменяемый
    • ostensible – показной, очевидный, явный, мнимый
    • permissible – позволительный, допустимый, безопасный, разрешённый
    • plausible – правдоподобный, вероятный, оправданный
    • possible – возможный, вероятный, допустимый
    • responsible – ответственный
    • reversible – обратимый
    • sensible – чувствительный
    • susceptible – впечатлительный
    • suggestible – внушаемый
    • tangible – осязаемый, ощутимый
    • terrible – ужасный
    • visible – видимый

    В современном английском часто используется — able. Его можно добавлять к английским и французским корням вне зависимости от существования таких слов в латинском языке для образования прилагательных от глаголов и существительных.

    Некоторые прилагательные отличаются по смыслу в зависимости от суффикса – able и – ible:

    contractable (обусловленный договором) contractible (сократимый, сокращаемый)
    passable (посредственный, удовлетворительный, сносный, приемлемый) passible (способный чувствовать, способный страдать, впечатлительный)
    impassable (непроходимый) impassible (нечувствительный, равнодушный)

    Вот ещё несколько примеров такого словообразования:

    duration (продолжительность) — durable (продолжительный, долговременный)

    expression (выражение) — expressible (выразимый, поддающийся выражению)

    credit (кредит, вера, доверие) — credible (заслуживающий доверия, надёжный)

    dugestive (пищеварительный, кишечный) — digestible (удобоваримый, легко усваиваемый)

    supression (подавление) — suppressible (тот, которого можно подавить; подавляемый)

    perception (восприятие, ощущение) — perceptible (ощутимый, воспринимаемый)

    adaptation (адаптация, приспособление) — adaptable (способный к адаптации, гибкий)

    adoration (обожание, поклонение) — adorable (обожаемый)

    admission (доступ, вход) — admissible (допустимый, приемлемый)

    destruction (разрушение) — destructible (разрушимый, непрочный)

    extension (расширение) — extendible (растяжимый, раздвижной) (also extendable, extensible)

    probate (заверенная копия завещания, утверждение) — probable (вероятный, возможный)

    consideration (рассмотрение, уважение) — considerable (немалый, ощутимый, уважаемый)

    tenacity (упорство, сила воли, вязкость, липкость, выдержка) — tensible (растяжимый, вязкий)

    capacity (способность) – capable (способный)

    persuasion (убеждение, убедительность) — persuasible (поддающийся убеждению)

    comprehension (понимание) – comprehensible (понятный)

    permission (разрешение) – permissible (позволительный, допустимый)

    imagination (воображение) – imaginable (воображаемый, постижимый, представимый)

    toleration (терпение, толерантность) – tolerable (терпимый, приемлемый)

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    Words ending in “-able” or “-ible”

    The suffixes “-able” and “-ible” are both used to form adjectives meaning “possible, capable of, suitable for, or causing.” Of the two, “-able” is much more common: it is what’s known as a “living” or “productive” suffix, meaning that it is still being used to create new words. The variant “-ible,” on the other hand, is only used in older words that have survived into modern English.

    Because they are spelled so similarly and have the same pronunciation (/əbəl/), it can sometimes be hard to remember which is the correct one to use. Unfortunately, there are not very many conventions we can follow to know which suffix to use (and those that do exist are not always reliable). Instead, this section will focus on the different ways “-able” and “-ible” each attach to words, along with many examples for each.

    Using “-able” with existing words

    The suffix “-able” most commonly attaches to words (most often verbs) that could otherwise be complete without the suffix; in many cases, this occurs with no change to their spelling. Because “-able” is a productive suffix, there is a huge number of words it can be attached to. Let’s just look at some common ones:

    • accept→acceptable
    • adapt→adaptable
    • adjust→adjustable
    • avoid→avoidable
    • bend→bendable
    • break→breakable
    • build→buildable
    • buy→buyable
    • catch→catchable
    • chew→chewable
    • consider→considerable
    • depend→dependable
    • distinguish→distinguishable
    • do→doable
    • elect→electable
    • employ→employable
    • enjoy→enjoyable
    • expand→expandable
    • fashion→fashionable
    • favor→favorable
    • fold→foldable
    • govern→governable
    • grasp→graspable
    • guess→guessable
    • honor→honorable
    • know→knowable
    • lament→lamentable
    • laud→laudable
    • laugh→laughable
    • limit→limitable
    • market→marketable
    • mend→mendable
    • mold→moldable
    • obtain→obtainable
    • order→orderable
    • pardon→pardonable
    • pass→passable
    • pay→payable
    • predict→predictable
    • prevent→preventable
    • punish→punishable
    • question→questionable
    • reach→reachable
    • reason→reasonable
    • remark→remarkable
    • shrink→shrinkable
    • speak→speakable (especially used in unspeakable)
    • sustain→sustainable
    • target→targetable
    • tax→taxable
    • teach→teachable
    • think→thinkable (especially used in unthinkable)
    • utter→utterable
    • view→viewable
    • void→voidable
    • walk→walkable
    • wear→wearable

    Spelling changes with words that take “-able”

    While many base words can take the “-able” suffix without changing their spelling, there are also many instances in which the spelling must be altered slightly in order for the suffix to be attached. The most common of these occur with words ending in silent E, but there are other instances in which a word’s spelling will change in various ways.

    Omitting silent E

    The most common spelling change made to a word when “-able” is attached is for silent E to be omitted from the end of the word and replaced with the suffix (though this is not always the case). For example:

    • abdicate→abdicable
    • accrue→accruable
    • allocate→allocatable
    • argue→arguable
    • assume→assumable
    • automate→automatable
    • breathe→breathable
    • circulate→circulatable
    • construe→construable
    • correlate→correlatable
    • cultivate→cultivatable
    • debate→debatable
    • dilate→dilatable
    • equate→equatable
    • ignite→ignitable
    • inflate→inflatable
    • isolate→isolatable
    • issue→issuable
    • lapse→lapsable
    • locate→locatable
    • palate→palatable
    • relate→relatable
    • rescue→rescuable
    • translate→translatable
    • value→valuable

    Keeping silent E before “-able”

    Note that there are many instances in which we do not omit a silent E when adding the vowel suffix “-able.” This is especially true when it comes after C or G to make it clear that the consonants retain their “soft” pronunciations (/s/ and /ʒ/, respectively). For example:

    With “-able”

    With other vowel suffixes

    C + Silent E

    dance→danceable

    efface→effaceable

    notice→noticeable

    replace→replaceable

    trace→traceable

    danced, dancer, dancing

    effaced, effacing

    noticed, noticing

    replaced, replacing

    traced, tracer, tracing

    G + Silent E

    age→ageable

    bridge→bridgeable

    change→changeable

    discourage→discourageable

    manage→manageable

    aged, aging*

    bridged, bridging

    changed, changer, changing

    discouraged, discouraging

    managed, manager, managing

    (*In British English, the silent E is usually kept in the word ageing, whereas it is usually omitted in American English.)

    While most common when coming after C/G + E, this convention of keeping E before “-able” does occur after other consonants as well. However, this is quite rare and, in many cases, is simply an alternative spelling (especially in American English, in which E is much more likely to be omitted).

    Here are some examples in which you might see “-able” following a silent E:

    • file→fileable (but not filable)
    • fine→fineable (more commonly, finable)
    • like→likeable (more commonly, likable)
    • live→liveable (more commonly, livable)
    • love→loveable (more commonly, lovable)
    • name→nameable (less commonly, namable)
    • shape→shapeable (more commonly, shapable)
    • size→sizeable (more commonly, sizable)
    • trade→tradeable (more commonly, tradable)

    Doubling consonants before “-able”

    When the last syllable of a verb contains a single short vowel followed by a single consonant, we usually have to double the consonant before “-able.”

    For example:

    • bed→beddable
    • bid→biddable
    • compel→compellable
    • confer→conferrable
    • control→controllable
    • cut→cuttable
    • defer→deferrable
    • deter→deterrable
    • dim→dimmable
    • dip→dippable
    • drop→droppable
    • expel→expellable
    • fit→fittable
    • flap→flappable
    • forget→forgettable
    • hug→huggable
    • hum→hummable
    • map→mappable
    • net→nettable
    • program→progammable
    • reset→resettable
    • rip→rippable
    • ship→shippable
    • skip→skippable
    • spot→spottable
    • stop→stoppable
    • sum→summable
    • swim→swimmable
    • transfer→transferrable
    • transmit→transmittable
    • win→winnable

    Note that, in multi-syllable words, this is only the case if the final syllable is stressed in the base word. Otherwise, the final consonant is not doubled, as in answerable, cancelable, limitable, etc.

    Replacing “-ate” with “-able”

    We already saw that many verbs ending in “-ate” will take the suffix “-able” by omitting silent E. However, there are also quite a few words in which “-ate” is replaced altogether. Unfortunately, there is no spelling pattern we can use to indicate which “-ate” words will be changed this way; we just have to memorize them. Here are some of the most common:

    • abominate→abominable
    • alienate→alienable (especially in the word inalienable)
    • communicate→communicable
    • delegate→delegable
    • demonstrate→demonstrable
    • depreciate→depreciable
    • differentiate→differentiable
    • discriminate→discriminable
    • educate→educable
    • eradicate→eradicable
    • estimate→estimable
    • explicate→explicable
    • extricate→extricable
    • imitate→imitable
    • litigate→litigable
    • navigate→navigable
    • negotiate→negotiable
    • numerate→numerable
    • operate→operable
    • penetrate→penetrable
    • replicate→replicable
    • satiate→satiable
    • venerate→venerable

    Changing Y to I before “-able”

    When a suffix beginning with a vowel is attached to a word ending in a consonant + Y, we almost always change Y to the letter I. Because of this, verbs that end in “-y” always take the “-able” suffix, since we never have a word spelled “-iible.” Let’s look at some of the most common examples:

    • certify→certifiable
    • classify→classifiable
    • deny→deniable
    • envy→enviable
    • falsify→falsifiable
    • identify→identifiable
    • justify→justifiable
    • levy→leviable
    • notify→notifiable
    • pity→pitiable
    • ply→pliable
    • quantify→quantifiable
    • rely→reliable
    • specify→specifiable
    • unify→unifiable
    • vary→variable
    • verify→verifiable

    There are also two nouns ending in “-y” that can take “-able,” but Y no longer changes to I—it is simply omitted:

    • memory→memorable
    • misery→miserable

    Using “-able” and “-ible” with incomplete Latin roots

    Because “-able” is so commonly used with existing base words, the most common tip to remembering the “-ible” variation is that it is usually used with Latin roots that cannot stand alone as words.

    However, this is not a very reliable convention, because “-able” also attaches to many incomplete Latin roots (though “-ible” does so more commonly). There is only one rule we can use to know which ending is correct: if a root ends in a “soft” C (/s/) or G (/ʒ/), it will always be followed by “-ible,” while a “hard” C (/k/) is always followed by “-able.” (No Latin roots will end in a “hard” G, /g/.) Unfortunately, we just have to memorize the rest of these types of words:

    Latin root + “-able”

    Latin root + “-ible”

    affable

    amiable

    amicable

    applicable

    culpable

    despicable

    durable

    flammable

    friable

    formidable

    heritable

    hospitable

    indomitable

    ineluctable

    inevitable

    impeccable

    inexorable

    probable

    malleable

    veritable

    vocable

    vulnerable

    viable

    audible

    comestible

    compatible

    corrigible (most commonly used in incorrigible)

    credible

    edible

    eligible

    fallible*

    feasible

    frangible

    gullible

    horrible

    indelible

    intelligible

    invincible

    irascible

    legible

    miscible

    negligible

    ostensible

    plausible

    possible

    risible

    susceptible

    tangible

    terrible

    visible

    (*Note that the root fall- here is not the same as the verb fall.)

    Using “-ible” with existing words

    Though much less common than “-able,” the “-ible” variant can also attach to existing base words with no change to its spelling. As with the Latin roots, there are generally no indications in the base word’s spelling to indicate when “-ible” is correct, except for one: base words ending in “-uct” will (almost) always take “-ible” rather than “-able.”

    Let’s look at some examples:

    • access→accessible
    • collect→collectible
    • combust→combustible
    • compact→compactible
    • compress→compressible
    • connect→connectible
    • construct→constructible
    • contract→contractible
    • contempt→contemptible
    • controvert→controvertible (especially in the word incontrovertible)
    • convert→convertible
    • corrupt→corruptible
    • deduct→deductible
    • depress→depressible
    • destruct→destructible
    • distract→distractible
    • erupt→eruptible
    • express→expressible
    • flex→flexible
    • impress→impressible
    • ingest→ingestible
    • repress→repressible
    • resist→resistible
    • suggest→suggestible
    • suppress→suppressible
    • vend→vendible

    (Because “-able” is a productive suffix, meaning it is still being used to create new words, there may be instances in the future in which this rule is no longer true. For example, the term instructable has been gaining in popular usage in the last 30 years, but it is not found in the dictionary; instructible, meanwhile, is in the dictionary but has nearly become obsolete, which is why it isn’t included above.)

    “-ible” with silent E

    Like “-able,” the “-ible” ending can also replace silent E at the end of existing base words, as in:

    • coerce→coercible
    • collapse→collapsible
    • corrode→corrodible
    • deduce→deducible
    • diffuse→diffusible
    • erode→erodible
    • evade→evadible
    • evince→evincible
    • immerse→immersible
    • force→forcible
    • produce→producible
    • reduce→reducible
    • reverse→reversible
    • sense→sensible
    • submerge→submergible
    • submerse→submersible

    However, as you can see by the size of the list, it is much less common for a silent E word to take “-ible” rather than “-able.” If a word ends in a silent E, it will most likely take the “-able” suffix (and base words ending in “-ate” can only take “-able”).

    Other spelling changes with “-ible”

    Sometimes an “-ible” word is related to an existing base word, but the spelling must change slightly to accommodate it. This also occurs with certain words when they attach to “-able” (e.g., when the suffix replaces “-ate” or “-y” becomes “-i-”), but “-ible” can result in much more drastic changes to the spelling of the base word.

    The most consistent of these changes is for verbs ending in “-mit”: with the exception of limit (which becomes limitable), all of these verbs take the “-ible” ending, with “-mit” changing to “-missible.” Another common change occurs with verbs ending in “-nd,” which changes to “-nsible” (however, other verbs ending in “-nd” can take “-able” instead, so we can’t use this verb ending as a rule to determine the appropriate suffix). In addition to these, two other specific words have their endings change when attached to “-ible.” Let’s look at all the words that go through spelling changes with the “-ible” suffix:

    “-mit” + “-ible”

    “-nd” + “-ible”

    Other endings + “-ible”

    admit→admissible

    omit→omissible

    permit→permissible

    remit→remissible (slightly different meaning from remittable)

    transmit→transmissible

    apprehend→apprehensible

    comprehend→comprehensible

    defend→defensible (slightly different meaning from defendable)

    respond→responsible

    divide→divisible

    perceive→perceptible (slightly different meaning from perceivable)

    Words that can take either “-able” or “-ible”

    In addition to the trends we’ve seen above, there are words ending in “-able” that can alternatively be spelled “-ible,” and vice versa. In most cases, these are simply less common variants; other times, the meaning of the word is very similar but subtly different, depending on the ending used.

    The table below shows all words that have acceptable variant spellings. For each pair, the most common spelling is in bold; if one is much more common than the alternative, it will be bold and underlined. Finally, if the two spellings have slightly different meanings, they’ll be marked with an asterisk (*) and elaborated upon further on.

    Ending in “-able”

    Ending in “-ible”

    addable

    ascendable

    cognizable

    collectable

    condensable

    connectable

    correctable

    defendable*

    discernable

    discussable

    distractable

    dividable

    eatable*

    erodable

    evadable

    excludable

    expandable

    extendable

    ignitable

    lapsable

    passable

    perceivable*

    persuadable

    preventable

    processable

    remittable*

    transfusable

    transmittable

    vendable

    addible

    ascendible

    cognoscible

    collectible

    condensible

    connectible

    correctible

    defensible*

    discernible

    discussible

    distractible

    divisible

    edible*

    erodible/erosible

    evadible

    excludible

    expansible

    extendible/extensible

    ignitible

    lapsible

    passible

    perceptible*

    persuasible

    preventible

    processible

    remissible*

    transfusible

    transmissible/transmittible

    vendible

    *These pairs of words have slightly different meanings, which we’ll look at next.

    defendable vs. defensible

    Defensible is the much more common adjective derived from the verb defend, but defendable is an acceptable variant. While they can be used nearly synonymously, there is actually a slight difference in their overall meanings. Defensible is generally used to describe something that is capable of being defended through logical (i.e., non-physical) means, such as an idea or a decision. While it can also relate to physical defense (such as in combat), the former meaning is much more common.

    Defendable, on the other hand, is almost solely used to describe physical defense. Even in this use, though, it is a much less common variant of defensible.

    eatable vs. edible

    The words eatable and edible are nearly identical in meaning, but there is a subtle distinction in the way each is applied.

    Edible is most commonly used to describe something that is fit to be eaten. For example, a piece of fruit is edible, but imitation plastic fruit is inedible.

    The variant eatable, on the other hand, is typically used to refer only to the desirability of being eaten, rather than it being physically fit to be eaten. Something edible (capable of being eaten without causing harm) might be so repellent due to flavor, preparation, or texture as to be completely uneatable. However, even with this distinct meaning, edible is vastly more common than eatable. Additionally, edible can be used figuratively to achieve the same meaning, so unless you have a specific reason not to, you should always use edible.

    perceivable vs. perceptible

    Like defendable and defensible, perceivable and perceptible are separated by a cognitive, non-physical aspect in meaning. Perceptible, the more common of the two, means “capable of being perceived,” whether by physical senses (such as touch, sight, or hearing) or cognitive senses (such as being able to notice when a person’s behavior begins to change). Perceivable, on the other hand, is generally only used in reference to physical perceptions, not cognitive ones. As with defensible and edible, perceptible is much more common and has a broader meaning than its variant, making it the preferred spelling overall.

    remittable vs. remissible

    These two words are both derived from the verb remit, but are applied to different meanings the verb can have.

    Remissible is the more traditional of the two adjectives, and it means “able to be pardoned or forgiven.” Remittable takes the more modern meanings of remit, “capable of being transferred (such as a payment)” or “able to slacken, abate, or relax.”

    Remissible used to be the more common of the two, but in recent years it has been overtaken by remittable, likely due to the ubiquity of the productive “-able” suffix and the broader meaning of remit that it implies.
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