In this beginner’s tutorial, learners are able to upgrade their understanding related to “Words that can function as Adjective and Adverbs. What is an Adjective and Adverbs?. How words formed that can function as Adjective and Adverbs.
In this lesson the students will learn to use and identify the words that can function as adjectives and adverbs and write them in sentences.
I. Objectives: After this lesson the students will:
1. Use words that can function as adjectives and adverbs
2. Identify words that can function as adjectives and adverbs
3. Write the word if it’s adjectives and adverbs
II. Subject Matter: Words that can function as Adjective and Adverbs
Materials: flash cards, charts, activity sheets
Value: Industry
III. Procedure/ Activities
A. Pre Activity
1. Drill:
Adjective, adverb, describes, modify, function
2. Review:
Identify the following words as adjective or adverb
great, good , softly, wonderful ,beautifully .
B. Lesson Proper
1. Motivation
Where does your father work? Does he enjoy his work? Let us find out if your father works just like Mr. Ramos in our story.
2. Presentation through a paragraph
“Mr. Ramos works in a canning factory. He is hard worker. He works hard for his family. He is an early riser so that he could go to work early. Mr. Ramos stays late in the factory. He always gets a late night sleep. No wonder, he always gets promoted in his job.”
3. Discussion
Where does Mr. Ramos work?
What kind of worker is he?
How does he work?
What kind of riser is he?
How long does he stay in the factory?
What kind of sleep does he always get?
Why do you think Mr. Ramos always get promoted?
What trait does he show?
How do you show industry?
What words answer the question what kind?
What words do they describe?
What do we call these words?
What words answer the question how?
What words do they describe?
What do we call these words?
4. Group Activity
1. Grouping of Students
2. Recalling of standards
3. Distribution of activity cards
4. Doing the activity
5. Generalization
What words can function both as adjective and adverbs?
How can we tell whether it is used as an adjective or as an adverb?
6. Application
Work with a partner. Use the following words in a sentence. One student will use
the word as an adjective and the partner will use it as an adverb.
Late hard first fast
IV. Evaluation/Assessment
Use words that can function as adjectives and adverbs by writing.
A. ADJ. if the underlined word is used as an adjective and ADV. If used as an adverb.
1. When you reach the corner, walk fast.
2. The teacher came late today.
3. Be careful, that table is hard.
B. Use the following words in a sentence.
4. Early as an adjective.
5. First as an adverb.
M.L.____
I.D. ____
V. Assignment/ Homework
Write five words that can function as adjectives and adverbs and use them in a sentence.
VI. Enrichment/ Remediation
For slow learners review them the sentences with words that can function as adjectives and adverbs.
VII. Reinforcement
For fast learners you can assign them to write a short paragraph using words that can function as adjectives and adverbs.
Group Activity Sheets
Group Activity 1
Directions:
Write on the blank whether the underlined word is used as an adjective or adverb.
—————1.that athlete can run fast.
—————2.I saw my friend early this morning.
—————3.No seats were left for the late guest.
—————4.Teresa always studies hard for a test.
—————5. I am pretty sure that Mr. Chan has left the office.
Group Activity 2
Directions
Complete each sentence with the appropriate words in the box. Write ADJ if the word is used as an adjective and ADV if used as an adverb.
Fast straight first early hard late
——————-1.Ralph loves to race cars. He drives — ———–.
——————-2. Let’s leave ————- in the morning to avoid traffic.
——————-3.That is a —————- question. I cannot answer it.
——————-4.We went ————-to the classroom after the program.
——————-5.Dont’ come ———- or you will leave out.
Group Activity 3
Directions: Use the following words as adjective in sentences.
1. early 2.late 3.hard
4. fast 5.first
Directions: Use the following words as adverbs in sentences.
1. Early 2. late 3. Hard 4.fast 5.first
For more readings
- ing Verbs English Lesson and Exercises – ing Forms, Spelling Rules and Grammar
- Present Simple Verb Tense | Present simple English Verb
- Modal Verb Could – Form, Use and Meaning in English
- To and Towards – Confusing English words | Vocabulary
- Conjunctions “And” “But” “Or” and “So”- English Lesson For Beginners
If you have any questions or suggestions about Words that can function as Adjective and Adverbs, please feel free to leave a comment below or send us a message using our contact page.
1.1. Adjectives: General Characteristic
Adjectives
belong to an Open-class system. That is this class is open to new
membership since there are productive word-building affixes.
Adjectives are semantically diversified and can be subgrouped along
different lines of semantic classification.
The
adjective (fr. two Latin words ad
– pertaining to, and
jacia
– throw)
expresses the categorial semantics of property of a substance. Each
adjective used in the text presupposes relation to some noun the
property of whose referent it denotes (material, colour, dimensions,
position, state, and other permanent and temporary characteristics).
Thus
adjectives do not possess a full nominative value. They exist only in
collocations showing for ex. what is long,
who is hospitable,
what is fragrant.
Adjectives
are a well-defined part of speech in Modern English.
If
the adjective is placed in a nominatively self-dependent position,
this leads to its substantivisation
(the
sun tinged the snow with red).
Syntactical
function of adjectives:
-
an
attribute -
a
predicative.
Combinability
of adjectives:
-
with
nouns (usu in pre-position); -
with
link-verbs; -
with
modifying adverbs. -
when
used as predicatives or post-positional attributes, certain
adjectives demonstrate complementive combinability with nouns (fond
of,
jealous of,
curious of).
Such adjectival collocations render:
verbal
meanings (be
fond of – love, like; be envious of – envy; be angry with –
resent).
relations
of addressee (grateful
to, indebted to, partial to, useful for).
The
derivational features of adjectives:
The
adjectival suffixes
are non-productive (-y,
-ish, -ly)
and productive (-ful,
-less, -ish, -ous, -ive, -ic).
Some adjectives exist in two derivative forms, thus differing in
style, or in an implication (comical
– comic; poetic – poetical).
There
are adjectival prefixes proper (un-,
il-, a-)
and other prefixes belonging to a deriving stem of a corresponding
verb or noun (co-operat-ive;
super-natur-al).
Compounding
is also observed in adjectives and it is considered to be a very
productive way of word-building (white-headed,
lilly-white).
The
variable/demutative morphological features of adjectives:
The
English adjective is distinguished by the hybrid category of
comparison and have two types of paradigm – a synthetic and an
analytic ones.
1.2. Subclasses of Adjectives
The
adjectives are traditionally divided into:
1)Qualitative
Qualitative
adjectives denote various qualities of substances which admit of a
quantitative estimation. The measure of a quality can be estimated as
high or low, adequate or inadequate, sufficient or insufficient,
optimal or excessive (an
awkward situation – a very awkward situation; a difficult task –
too difficult a task; an enthusiastic reception – rather an
enthusiastic reception; a hearty welcome — not a very hearty
welcome).
2) Relative.
Relative
adjectives express the properties of a substance determined by the
direct relation of the substance to some other substance (wood
– a wooden hut; mathematics – mathematical precision; history –
a historical event; colour – coloured postcards; the Middle Ages –
mediaeval rites).
The
ability of an adjective to form degrees of comparison is usually
taken as a formal sign of its qualitative character however, in
actual speech the described principle of distinction is not at all
strictly observed.
In
order to overcome the of rigour in the definitions, an additional
linguistic division based on the evaluative function of adjectives
was introduced:
-
evaluative
(giving some qualitative evaluation to the substance referent) -
specificative
(only
pointing out the corresponding native property of the substance
referent).
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For instance, I’m starting to get worried, This is the only example I have in my mind now. So, how do I know whether the word «worried» functions as a verb or adjective? I’m asking specifically about the words that can be a verb or an adjective.
When a past participle is used in forming a finite verb structure, it will appear with the auxilliary «to have» (perfect tenses) or «to be» (passive structure).
So you’re safe in assuming that in «I’m starting to
get
worried,» «Worried» is used as an adjective.
Often the passive structures (to be worried) are still ambiguous, and may also be viewed as adjectives.
When he saw the news on TV, he was worried.
(The news worried him — verb; The news made him worried — adjective)
The perfect tenses (have worried; had worried) are always verbs.
Before she phoned him, he had worried that his wife might be stranded in the snow storm.
(«Might be stranded» is ambiguous. 
)
Non-finite verbals may be a bit more difficult to sort out.
Worried by the volitility of the stock market, he put all his money in gold.
Worrying that he would lose all his money, he had a nervous breakdown.
If I’ve overlooked something, I’m sure I’ll be corrected! A.
Answer this Question
In English grammar, a function word is a word that expresses a grammatical or structural relationship with other words in a sentence.
In contrast to a content word, a function word has little or no meaningful content. Nonetheless, as Ammon Shea points out, «the fact that a word does not have a readily identifiable meaning does not mean that it serves no purpose.»
Function words are also known as:
- structure words
- grammatical words
- grammatical functors
- grammatical morphemes
- function morphemes
- form words
- empty words
According to James Pennebaker, «function words account for less than one-tenth of 1 percent of your vocabulary but make up almost 60 percent of the words you use.»
Content Words vs. Function Words
Function words include determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, modals, qualifiers, and question words. Content words are words with specific meanings, such as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and main verbs (those without helping verbs.) In the sentence, «The sly brown fox jumped gracefully over the lazy dog and cat,» the content words are:
- fox, dog, and cat (nouns)
- sly, brown, and lazy (adjectives)
- gracefully (adverb)
- jumped (main verb)
Function words include:
- the (determiner)
- over (preposition)
- and (conjunction)
Even though the function words don’t have concrete meanings, sentences would make a lot less sense without them.
Determiners
Determiners are words such as articles (the, a), possessive pronouns (their, your), quantifiers (much), demonstratives (that, those), and numbers. They function as adjectives to modify nouns and go in front of a noun to show the reader whether the noun is specific or general, such as in «that coat» (specific) vs. «a coat» (general).
- Articles: a, an, the
- Demonstratives: that, this, those, these
- Possessive pronouns: my, your, their, our, ours, whose, his, hers, its, which
- Quantifiers: some, both, most, many, a few, a lot of, any, much, a little, enough, several, none, all
Conjunctions
Conjunctions connect parts of a sentence, such as items in a list, two separate sentences, or clauses and phrases to a sentence. In the previous sentence, the conjunctions are or and and.
- Conjunctions: and, but, for, yet, neither, or, so, when, although, however, as, because, before
Prepositions
Prepositions begin prepositional phrases, which contain nouns and other modifiers. Prepositions function to give more information about nouns. In the phrase «the river that flows through the woods.» The prepositional phrase is «through the woods,» and the preposition is «through.»
- Prepositions: in, of, between, on, with, by, at, without, through, over, across, around, into, within
Pronouns
Pronouns are words that stand in for nouns. Their antecedent needs to be clear, or your reader will be confused. Take «It’s so difficult» as an example. Without context, the reader has no idea what «it» refers to. In context, «Oh my gosh, this grammar lesson,» he said. «It’s so difficult,» the reader easily knows that it refers to the lesson, which is its noun antecedent.
- Pronouns: she, they, he, it, him, her, you, me, anybody, somebody, someone, anyone
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. They pair with a main verb to change tense, such as when you want to express something in present continuous tense (I am walking), past perfect tense (I had walked), or future tense (I am going to walk there).
- Auxiliary verbs: be, is, am, are, have, has, do, does, did, get, got, was, were
Modals
Modal verbs express condition or possibility. It’s not certain that something is going to happen, but it might. For example, in «If I could have gone with you, I would have,» modal verbs include could and would.
- Modals: may, might, can, could, will, would, shall, should
Qualifiers
Qualifiers function like adverbs and show the degree of an adjective or verb, but they have no real meaning themselves. In the sample sentence, «I thought that somewhat new dish was pretty darn delicious,» the qualifiers are somewhat and pretty.
- Qualifiers: very, really, quite, somewhat, rather, too, pretty (much)
Question Words
It’s easy to guess what function that question words have in English. Besides forming questions, they can also appear in statements, such as in «I don’t know how in the world that happened,» where the question word is how.
- Question words: how, where, what, when, why, who
Sources
- Shea, Ammon Shea. «Bad English.» TarcherPerigee, 2014, New York.
- Pennebaker, James. «The Secret Life of Pronouns.» Bloomsbury Press, 2011, New York.