Word formation задания с ответами - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Словообразование
(Word Formation)

Задание 1.
Подберите приставки un- , dis- , in- , non- , ir- к словам, обращая внимание на
контекст.

Пример: His …action will lead to no good. — His inaction
will lead to no good.

1. This place was …appealing and melancholic.
2. Don’t …member our country!
3. But it is …sense! You can’t swim across the Drake Passage by yourself.
4. You are so …responsible! You didn’t come to rehearsal yesterday.
5. She always cheats on her husband. She is a …loyal wife.

Задание 2.
От слов в рамке образуйте новые слова с помощью суффиксов. Заполните пропуски в
предложениях подходящими по смыслу словами.

equip, doubt, art,
free, equal, Russia

Пример: equip — equipment
We need hunting … to kill a bear. — We need hunting equipment to
kill a bear.

1. … is the most valuable thing for a person.
2. She was … whether the new shoes will be any better.
3. They always … their results.
4. These … paintings are so terrible!
5. My friend from Spain likes … cuisine.

Задание 3.
Измените выделенные существительные на глаголы с помощью конверсии.
Соответственно переделайте предложения.

Пример: I have a walk with
his friends every day. — He walks with
his friends every day.

1. My mother is standing in a queue now.
2. She pushed me with an elbow.
3. Paola is giving a call to
her friend now.
4. I had plans for tomorrow.
5. We made a mistake about
that book.

Задание 4.
Выберите правильные варианты ответов (словосложение). Заполните пропуски
образованными словами по смыслу.

Пример: 1. c) — airman
My husband is … . — My husband is an airman.

1. air	a) care
2. copy	b) sighted
3. rain	c) man
4. birth	d) coat
5. health	e) book
6. short	f) place

1. I was born in India. And what is your …?
2. Write in your … an essay about summer vacation.
3. My brother is … .
4. It’s raining outside. You should put on your … .
5. … in our country is at top level.

Задание 5.
Расшифруйте сокращения.

Пример: POV — point of view.

1. TMI
2. CD
3. ASAP
4. HR
5. EU

Ответы

Задание 1.

1. unappealing
2. dismember
3. nonsense
4. irresponsible
5. disloyal

Задание 2.

1. freedom
2. doubtful
3. equalize
4. artless
5. Russian

Задание 3.

1. My mother is queuing now.
2. She elbowed me.
3. Paola is calling her friend now.
4. I planned tomorrow day.
5. We mistook about that book.

Задание 4.

1. birthplace
2. copybook
3. short-sighted
4. raincoat
5. healthcare

Задание 5.

1. too much information
2. compact disc
3. as soon as possible
4. human resources
5. European Union

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Тренировочные тесты WORDFORMATION (form: 8 -9).

Test 1.

1. This is the most . …. . . . . concert I‘ve ever been to. (Expense) 2. Her husband’s not a very……….person. (Patience) 3. Susan is very……….and wants to do well. (Ambition) 4. Show some…….…. Don’t you like the idea? (Enthuse) 5. Her problem is that she has not enough……..…in herself. (Confide) 6. Dan is really very…………, even rude sometimes. (Polite) 7. I haven’t been to the cinema………… . (Recent) 8. Mary………… and they never s aw her again. (Appear)

Test 2.

1.Most people have no real……… in ghosts.(Believe) 2. Mark Twain wrote many……… stories. (Humour) 3. The children’s…..… at the concert was excellent. (Behave) 4. Rita asked for a ……… and cashier gave her one. (Receive) 5. Do you think you have the……… to pass the exam? (Able) 6. You need a lot of ……… to write a good story. (Imagine) 7. I read an interesting …… in the newspaper. (Advertise) 8. Their friendship began in their …….. . (Child)

Test 3.

1. I’m telling you the …..…! I swear! (True) 2. Your composition isn’t good enough. You’ll have to …..… it. (Write) 3. Did you know Ann used to work as a …….. when she was younger? (Wait) 4. They need your …..… before they can do it. (Sign) 5. It all happened quite…..… . I didn’t have time to think. (Sudden) 6. I’m sure his new film is going to be a huge…… .(Succeed) 7. Did Paul give an ……… for his actions? (Explain) 8. The ……… of the village are all very kind. (Inhabit)

Test 4.

1. The leaflet gives a brief……… of each place. (Describe) 2. Can you give us a quick ……… of how it works? (Explain) 3. Olga broke the vase during an ……… with her husband. (Argue) 4. Gold is a very ……… metal. (Value) 5. Peter began to feel depressed and …..… . (Help) 6. His book is the result of years of ……… research. (Care) 7. This snake is not ……… at all. (Danger) 8. The bright flowers make the room look…….. . (Cheer)

Test 5.

1. Teenagers nowadays are more interested in ……… problems. (Globe) 2. Have you seen the new Levi ..…… on TV? (Advertise) 3. I looked everywhere but I couldn’t find him. He’s ……… (Appear) 4. It’s very…..… to drink and drive. (Danger) 5. Can you give me some more …… about this adventure holiday? (Inform) 6. We need to put up some …… for tonight’s party. (Decorate) 7. The weather today will be cold and…….. . (Wind) 8. Margarita was very ……… with the service. (Satisfy)

Test 6.

1. They put a lot of ..…… on him to agree to their demands. (Press) 2. I’ve had three…… nights and l feel exhausted. (Sleep) 3. If you have problems with your ………, see a doctor. (Circulate) 4. I’m feeling very …… today. I think I’ll go for a run. (Energy) 5. Remember that ..…… are also human. (Examine) 6. His nose was quite …… for days after he’d it pierced. ( Pain) 7. There are a lot of …… restaurants in this area. (Fashion) 8. Although she isn’t beautiful, most men find her quite……… (Attract).

Test 7.

1.The food was completely …… ; he was a useless cook .(Taste) 2. There were over 500 ……to the temple every day .(Visit ) 3. You can’t hope to win the race without any …….… .(Train) 4. In spite of her …….…,Jane continued her journey .(Hungry ) 5.Hard as he tried , he was unable to find …… .(Solve ) 6.I ..…… speaking , I don’t think Latin is a useful subject .(Person) 7.You need to organize your time more …….… (Efficient )

Test 8.

1. Stories are more ………. than lists of words .(Memory ) 2. His exam results were very …… . (Please ) 3. Passing exams will help you to get a ……job .(Good ) 4. You should revise on a regular ……… (Base ) 5. There are books that are specially …..….for foreign learners.(Simple ) 6. A degree is a very useful……….to have .(Qualify )7. I hope you will take into ……… what I have just said to you .(Consider ) 8. This new book had many beautiful …..…in it .(illustrate )

Test 9.

1.My aunt became …..….when she went to America. (Fame) 2.Paul sings …….; I’m surprised he isn’t a professional singer. (Beauty) 3.I was …….to see all my old friends again. (Delight ) 4.They bought some …… for their new house. (Furnish ) 5. She lives in a really ……mansion in the suburbs. (Luxury ) 6. Are you sitting ……. in that chair ? (Comfort ) 7.Everyone was nervous about the ……’s visit. (Inspector) 8.Our teacher has a really strong ……. . (Person) 9.His father has the best …… of ancient coins. (Collect)

Test 10.

1.The teacher wanted to know what my greatest …….(Ambitious) 2.I..……ever go to the theatre. I don’t like it .(Hard ) 3.Marina has a very …… manner , which I appreciate .(Relax) 4.Her son took part in the world ………last year .(Champion) 5.I was ……….when victor said I was beautiful.(Flatter) 6. Julia got a ………for best leading actress .(Nominate ) 7.She’s a very ………thinker .(Origin) 8.Her friend is very ……….! You can trust him .(Rely)

Ответы к тренировочным тестам. Test 1. 1. Expensive 2. Patient 3.Ambitious 4.Enthusiasm 5. Confidence 6.Impolite 7.Recently 8.Disappeared Test 2. 1. Belief 2. Humorous 3. Behaviour 4. Receipt 5. Ability 6. Success7. Advertisement 8. Childhood Test 3. 1. Truth 2. Rewrite 3. Waitress 4. Signature 5. Suddenly 6. Success 7.Explanation 8. Inhabitants Test 4. 1. Description 2. Explanation 3. Argument 4. Valuable 5. Helpless 6. Careful 7. Dangerous 8. Cheerful Test 5. 1. Global 2. Advertisement 3. Disappeared 4. Dangerous 5. Information 6. Decorations 7. Windy 8. Satisfied Test 6. 1. Pressure 2. Sleepless 3. Circulation 4. Energetic 5. Examiners 6.Painful Test 7. 1.Tasteless 2. Visitors 3.Training 4 . Hunger 5. Solution 6. Personally7. Efficiently Test 8. 1. Memorable 2. Pleasant 3. Better 4. Basis 5. Simplified 6. Qualification 7. Consideration 8. ILLustrations Test 9. 1. Famous 2. Beautifully 3. Delighted 4. Furniture 5. Luxurious 6. Comfortably 7. Inspector 8. Personality 9. Collection 10. Test 10. 1. Ambition 2. Hardly 3. Relaxed 4. Championship 5. Flattered 6. Nomination 7. Original 8. Reliable

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Добрый день, читатели блога grammar-tei.com. Сегодня мы займемся словообразованием и выполним несколько упражнений на словообразование в английском языке. Все упражнения даются с ответами, поэтому Вы сможете проверить себя.

Тема словообразование в английском – очень сложная, поэтому практиковаться нужно много. Всем известно, что задания на словообразования есть в ЕГЭ. Не будем откладывать и выполним упражнения на словообразование в английском.

Задания на словообразование. Word building exercises.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте существительные.

The study calculated that replacing weekly fruit juice … with whole fruits could bring health benefits. (consume)
For my birthday Mother baked a cake with yellow … . (ice)
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are called … because they provide the fuel your body needs. (nutrition)
Many women have to juggle … and a full-time job. (mother)
… are unavoidable when three … live under one roof. (argue, generate)
Her deep … of her sister was evident. (hate)
Older people who live alone often need help with gardening and house … (maintain)
Positive attitude helps employees to get along with … and managers. (worker)
China’s air… has cut life … by an average of 5.5 years in the north of the country and caused higher rates of lung cancer. (pollute, expect)
It is much safer to use stainless steel or glass … instead of plastic ones. (contain)

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте прилагательные.

My favorite … book is “Appetite” by Nigel Slater. (cooker)
Eating can also make you …, and so can waking up in the morning. (thirst)
You shouldn’t rest on your laurels but try to improve your … performance. (academy)
Highly … gas is naturally found in coal mines. (explode)
An … species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of extinction. (danger)
The most… earthquake struck in Shanxi, China 1556. (disaster)
… exploitation of nature by man has resulted in the effects we have to deal with now. (thought)
Laos is a landlocked … country, widely covered by tropical forest. (mountain)
I decided to take a walk. It would be too … to wait in the queue. (tire)

Упражнение 3. Используйте отрицательные приставки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

The service was slow and the waiter’s familiarity was … , so we left without paying. (accept)
Some children are a challenge, especially when they … in public places. (behaviour)
To my … , the restaurant was overbooked and we had to spend the evening at home. (appoint)
Michael was … about what dessert to order. (decide)
Parents’… of their children’s behaviour and life choices can ruin their lives. (approve)
There is a huge difference between … children and those merely … to listen to their parents’ advice. (obey, will)
Young children mustn’t be left … either at home or at public places. (attention)
She was frequently left alone by her … husband. (faith)
If you describe someone as …, you are criticising them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly or are … to act in this capacity. (competence, qualifications)
Banks are still seen as … and many people keep their savings at home. (security)

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, образуйте глаголы.

Guar gum also is used in the food industry to … products like ice cream. (thick)
Old Manchester houses are made of red brick… by soot. (black)
David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would … up the room. (bright)
Do we ever stop to think about the importance of the air we … ? (breath)
I’d like to … this dress for one in a larger size. (change)
They … 100 dollars from a bank account an hour ago. (draw)

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

Sometimes one’s … are the only people one can … in. (parental, confidence)
Many people … that getting a spouse can put them out of their…, which later… wrong, because sometimes marriage makes life more difficult. (belief, miserable, proof)
An … Roman … has been discovered in northwest England, (extend, settle)
The dining-room is elegantly … and … carpeted, (furniture, luxury)
Everyone is … of her having the chance to … abroad, (envy, student)
When employers look at… candidates, beyond skills, experience, and training, they look for those who demonstrate … (prospect, enthuse)
In the city the … and … were insufferable, (hot, humid)
Our planet’s… regions, located just north and south of the equator, are known for their… and … (tropic, warm, humid)
Next to Shakespeare, no … gets more love on Broadway than Tennessee Williams, (play)
During Elizabeth’s reign England significantly … its trade … and in 1580 Sir Francis Drake became the first Englishman to successfully … the earth, (expansion, sea, circumnavigation)

Упражнение 6. Образуйте слова от данных. Вставьте слова в текст.

RESTORATION, LOOK, DEMOLITION, EXTEND, GOTH, ACCOMMODATE, PANELLING, UNEXPECTED

Located in Wiltshire, an outstanding and beautifully __________ (1), late ________ (2) style manor house was built of limestone. Originally it was a much larger property that was mostly ___________ (3). Solid in appearance and structure, it offers _________ (4) and well presented ___________ (5). As one would ___________ (6) there is a grand drawing room with oak _________ (7) walls and a large open fireplace. The large windows __________ (8) a parkland setting.

FORM, ILLEGAL, EDUCATIONAL, QUALIFICATIONS, TUITION

Home education is when a child is __________ (1) at home rather than at school. It’s perfectly __________ (2) in the UK and one doesn’t need to be a __________ (3) teacher to do so. Children who are home educated receive all their education from their parents, sometimes with the help of outside __________ (4). If you decide to home educate your child you don’t have to follow __________ (5) rules about how you teach or when you teach.

CHIEF, SEARCH, SCIENCE, INDUCE, COLLECT, APPLY, ADOPTION, FOUND

English philosopher, statesman, and jurist who rose to become Lei Chancellor (1618—1621) to James I but is __________ (1) remembered for the status he gave to __________ (2) research in England. Although his name is associated with the method of __________ (3) and the rejection of a priori reasoning in science, the painstaking __________ (4) of miscellaneous facts without any use of error theory which he supported in the Novum Organum has never been __________ (5) as a practical method of __________ (6). The __________ (7) of the Baconian method was, however, an important object in the __________ (8) of the Royal Society some years later.

DEPTH, HARMLESS, DESIRE, MODERATE, ACCESS

We’ve all heard of emotional eating. There’s also such a thing as emotional shopping. In __________ (1), neither of these activities is __________ (2), but in excess both can have serious consequences. The __________ (3) and the affordability of goods make shopping all the more appealing. For many compulsive buyers, a big part of the appeal of shopping is the process of searching out and obtaining that new, better, __________ (4) item. This process is so mesmerising that it often ruins long-term financial plans, leaving shoppers __________ (5) in debt.

Ответы к упражнениям на словообразование. Word building exercises – answers.

Exercise 1.

1 consumption, 2 icing, 3 nutrients, 4 motherhood/maternity, 5 arguments, generations, 6 hatred, 7 maintenance, 8 co-workers, 9 pollution, expectancy

Exercise 2.

1 cookery, 2 thirsty, 3 academic, 4 explosive, 5 endangered, 6 disastrous, 7 thoughtless, 8 mountainous, 9 tiresome

Exercise 3.

1 unacceptable, 2 misbehave, 3 disappointment, 4 indecisive, 5 disapproval, 6 disobedient, unwilling, 7 unattended, 8 unfaithful, 9 incompetent, unqualified, 10 insecure

Exercise 4.

1 thicken, 2 blackened, 3 brighten, 4 breathe, 5 exchange, 6 withdrew

Exercise 5.

1 parents, confide, 2 believe, misery, proves, 3 extensive, settlement, 4 furnished, luxuriously 5 envious, study, 6 prospective, enthusiasm, 7 heat, humidity, 8 tropic (al), warmth, humidity, 9 playwright, 10 expanded, oversea (s), circumnavigate

Exercise 6.

1 restored, 2 gothic, 3 demolished, 4 extensive 5 accommodation, 6 expect, 7 panel (l) ed, 8 overlook

1 educated, 2 legal, 3 qualified, 4 tutors, 5 formal

1 chiefly, 2 scientific, 3 induction, 4 collection, 5 adopted, 6 research, 7 application, 8 foundation

1 moderation, 2 harmful, 3 accessibility, 4 desirable, 5 deeply

Надеюсь, эти упражнения на словообразование помогут Вам в изучении этого непростого раздела английского языка. Word building exercises are very useful!

Понравилось? Сохраните на будущее и поделитесь с друзьями!

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1. Добавьте один из суффиксов (-er, -r, -ian, -ist, -man) к словам, чтобы образовалось название профессии. Переведите образовавшиеся слова.

Н-р: police (полиция) – policeman (полицейский)

music (музыка) 8. science (наука)
journal (журнал) 9. art (искусство)
post (почта) 10. sports (спорт)
drive (водить машину) 11. manage (управляться)
reception (встреча) 12. photograph (фотография)
electric (электрический) 13. interpret (переводить)
politics (политика) 14. build (строить)

15. fire (огонь)

2. Посмотрите на суффиксы существительных и прилагательных. Образуйте недостающие слова в столбцах и переведите образовавшиеся слова.

Существительные: —ness, -ion, -ation, -ment, -ance, -ition

Прилагательные: —al, -y, -ly, -ful, -ous, -tific

1) Прилагательное Существительное

1. lucky (удачный) luck (удача)

2. …… happiness (счастье)

3. wonderful (чудесный) ……

4. …… speed (скорость)

5. greedy (жадный) ……

6. …… friend (друг)

7. …… danger (опасность)

8. traditional (традиционный) ……

9. …… science (наука)

10. ill (больной) ……

11. …… truth (правда)

12. …… profession (профессия)

13. …… business (бизнес)

14. healthy (здоровый) ……

15. …… wealth (богатство)

2) Существительное Глагол

investigation (расследование) investigate (расследовать)
…… invite (приглашать)
discussion (обсуждение) ……
…… appear (выглядеть)

5. …… organize (организовать)

6. …… relax (расслабляться)

7. competition (соревнование) ……

…… invent (изобретать)

3. Составьте как можно больше слов, добавляя к основе приставки и суффиксы. Используйте словарь. Переведите образовавшиеся слова.

Н-р: help (помогать) – helpful (услужливый), helpfulness (услужливость), unhelpful (неуслужливый), helpless (беспомощный), helplessness (беспомощность)

Приставка Основа/корень слова Суффикс

1. possible

2. polite -ful

un- 3. stress

4. thought

5. agree -ity

mis- 6. use

7. like

8. taste -less

im- 9. understand

10. hope

11. care -ness

in- 12. mortal

13. human

14. success -ment

dis- 15. conscious

16. popular -able

17. profit

4. Образуйте сложные слова и переведите их.

Н-р: clock (часы) + work (работа) = clockwork (часовой механизм)

Clock, pocket (карман), place (место), ball (мяч), dish (тарелка), sun (солнце), pool (водоем), head (голова), bird (птица), ice (лед), fire (огонь), work, black (черный), cream (сливки), pick (вынимать), swimming (плавание), ache (боль), foot (ступня), washer (мойка), glasses (стекла)

Ответы:

1.

musician (музыкант) 8. scientist (ученый)
journalist (журналист) 9. artist (художник)
postman (почтальон) 10. sportsman (спортсмен)
driver (водитель) 11. manager (менеджер)
receptionist (администратор) 12. photographer (фотограф)
electrician (электрик) 13. interpreter (переводчик)
politician (политик) 14. builder (строитель)

15. fireman (пожарный)

lucky (удачный) 9. scientific (научный)
happy (счастливый) 10. illness (болезнь)
wonder (чудо) 11. truthful (правдивый)
speedy (скоростной) 12. professional (профессиональный)
greed (жадность) 13. busy (деловой)
friendly (дружелюбный) 14. health (здоровье)
dangerous (опасный) 15. wealthy (богатый)
tradition (традиция)

investigation (расследование) 5. organization (организация)
invitation (приглашение) 6. relaxation (расслабление)
discuss (обсуждать) 7. compete (соревноваться)
appearance (внешность) 8. invention (изобретение)

impossible (невозможный), possibility (возможность), impossibility (невозможность)
impolite (невежливый), politeness (вежливость), impoliteness (невежливость)
stressful (стрессовый), distress (недомогание), distressful (печальный)
thoughtful (задумчивый), thoughtfulness (задумчивость), thoughtless (бездумный), thoughtlessness (бездумность)
disagree (не соглашаться), agreement (соглашение), disagreement (расхождение), agreeable (соответствующий), disagreeable (неприятный)
disuse (перестать употреблять), useful (полезный), misuse (неправильно использовать), useless (бесполезный), uselessness (бесполезность)
dislike (не любить), likeness (сходство), unlikeness (несходство), unlike (непохожий)
tasteless (безвкусный), tasteful (со вкусом), tastefulness (хороший вкус), distaste (отвращение), distasteful (противный)
misunderstand (невернопонять), understandable (понятный), understandability (понятность)
hopeless (безнадежный), hopeful (оптимистический), hopelessness (безнадежность), hopefulness (надежда)
careless (беззаботный), careful (заботливый), carelessness (беззаботность), carefulness (тщательность)
immortal (бессмертный), mortality (смертность), immortality (бессмертие)
humanity (гуманность), inhuman (бесчеловечный), inhumanity (бесчеловечность)
successful (успешный) , unsuccessful (безуспешный)
consciousness (сознательность), unconscious (бессознательный), unconsciousness (бессознательность)
popularity (популярность), unpopular (непопулярный), unpopularity (непопулярность)
profitable (прибыльный), profitability (прибыльность), unprofitable (нерентабельный)

fire-place (камин), blackbird (черный дрозд), swimming-pool (бассейн), dishwasher (посудомоечная машина), ice-cream (мороженое), pick-pocket (карманный вор), sunglasses (солнечные очки), football (футбол), headache (головная боль)

Упражнения на словообразование (с ответами) — 4.8 out of
5
based on
437 votes

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Упражнения на словообразование (с ответами)

Н-р: police (полиция) – policeman (полицейский)

music (музыка) 8. science (наука)
journal (журнал) 9. art (искусство)
post (почта) 10. sports (спорт)
drive (водить машину) 11. manage (управляться)
reception (встреча) 12. photograph (фотография)
electric (электрический) 13. interpret (переводить)
politics (политика) 14. build (строить)

15. fire (огонь)

Существительные: —ness, -ion, -ation, -ment, -ance, -ition

Прилагательные: —al, -y, -ly, -ful, -ous, -tific

1) Прилагательное Существительное

1. lucky (удачный) luck (удача)

2. …… happiness (счастье)

3. wonderful (чудесный) ……

4. …… speed (скорость)

5. greedy (жадный) ……

6. …… friend (друг)

7. …… danger (опасность)

8. traditional (традиционный) ……

9. …… science (наука)

10. ill (больной) ……

11. …… truth (правда)

12. …… profession (профессия)

13. …… business (бизнес)

14. healthy (здоровый) ……

15. …… wealth (богатство)

2) Существительное Глагол

investigation (расследование) investigate (расследовать)
…… invite (приглашать)
discussion (обсуждение) ……
…… appear (выглядеть)

5. …… organize (организовать)

6. …… relax (расслабляться)

7. competition (соревнование) ……

Приставка Основа/корень слова Суффикс

1. possible

2. polite -ful

un- 3. stress

4. thought

5. agree -ity

mis- 6. use

8. taste -less

im- 9. understand

10. hope

11. care -ness

in- 12. mortal

13. human

14. success -ment

dis- 15. conscious

16. popular -able

17. profit

4. Образуйте сложные слова и переведите их.

Н-р: clock (часы) + work (работа) = clockwork (часовой механизм)

musician (музыкант) 8. scientist (ученый)
journalist (журналист) 9. artist (художник)
postman (почтальон) 10. sportsman (спортсмен)
driver (водитель) 11.
manager (менеджер)
receptionist (администратор) 12. photographer (фотограф)
electrician (электрик) 13. interpreter (переводчик)
politician (политик) 14.
builder (строитель)

15. fireman (пожарный)

lucky (удачный) 9. scientific (научный)
happy (счастливый) 10. illness (болезнь)
wonder (чудо) 11. truthful (правдивый)
speedy (скоростной) 12. professional (профессиональный)
greed (жадность) 13. busy (деловой)
friendly (дружелюбный) 14. health (здоровье)
dangerous (опасный) 15. wealthy (богатый)
tradition (традиция)

investigation (расследование) 5. organization (организация)
invitation (приглашение) 6. relaxation (расслабление)
discuss (обсуждать) 7. compete (соревноваться)
appearance (внешность) 8. invention (изобретение)

impossible (невозможный), possibility (возможность), impossibility (невозможность)
impolite (невежливый), politeness (вежливость), impoliteness (невежливость)
stressful (стрессовый), distress (недомогание), distressful (печальный)
thoughtful (задумчивый), thoughtfulness (задумчивость), thoughtless (бездумный), thoughtlessness (бездумность)
disagree (не соглашаться), agreement (соглашение), disagreement (расхождение), agreeable (соответствующий), disagreeable (неприятный)
disuse (перестать употреблять), useful (полезный), misuse (неправильно использовать), useless (бесполезный), uselessness (бесполезность)
dis (не любить), ness (сходство), unness (несходство), un (непохожий)
tasteless (безвкусный), tasteful (со вкусом), tastefulness (хороший вкус), distaste (отвращение), distasteful (противный)
misunderstand (невернопонять), understandable (понятный), understandability (понятность)
hopeless (безнадежный), hopeful (оптимистический), hopelessness (безнадежность), hopefulness (надежда)
careless (беззаботный), careful (заботливый), carelessness (беззаботность), carefulness (тщательность)
immortal (бессмертный), mortality (смертность), immortality (бессмертие)
humanity (гуманность), inhuman (бесчеловечный), inhumanity (бесчеловечность)
successful (успешный) , unsuccessful (безуспешный)
consciousness (сознательность), unconscious (бессознательный), unconsciousness (бессознательность)
popularity (популярность), unpopular (непопулярный), unpopularity (непопулярность)
profitable (прибыльный), profitability (прибыльность), unprofitable (нерентабельный)

Упражнения на словообразование (с ответами) — 4.8 5 362 votes

: 5 / 5

Источник: https://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/word-formation

Словообразование в английском языке упражнения — с ответами

Знание правил словообразования в английском языке и умение применять данные правила может значительно упростить процесс овладения английском языком.

Приведем конкретный пример: sad – печальный, sadly – печально. Наречия в английском языке образуются при помощи суффикса -ly, добавляемого к прилагательному. Если вы знаете, что slow по-английски означает “медленный”, то как будет “медленно”? Конечно же, slowly. Догадаться о верном ответе вам помогло знание правила словообразования.

Однако, недостаточно знать правила словообразования. Необходимо уметь их применять. Для этого мы предлагаем вам несколько простых упражнений по словообразованию в английском языке. Выполните эти упражнения и освойте основные словообразовательные модели.

Упражнение 1

От данных глаголов образуйте указанные слова:

write (писать) – 1. (писатель) 2. (написание) 3. (написанный)
design (разрабатывать) – 1. (разработчик) 2. (разработка, разрабатывание) 3. (разработанный)
communicate (общаться) – 1. (общительный) 2. (общение)
express (выражать) – 1. (выражение) 2. (выраженный) 3. (выразительный) 4. (выразительно) 5. (выражающий)
mean (иметь значение, означать) – 1. (значение) 2. (полный значения, значительный) 3. (бессмысленный)

write (писать) – 1. (писатель – writer) 2. (написание – writing) 3. (написанный – written)

design (разрабатывать) – 1. (разработчик – designer) 2. (разработка, разрабатывание – designing) 3. (разработанный – designed)

communicate (общаться) – 1. (общительный – communicative) 2. (общение – communication)

express (выражать) – 1. (выражение – expression) 2. (выраженный – expressed) 3. (выразительный – expressive) 4. (выразительно – expressively) 4. (выражающий – expressing)

mean (иметь значение, означать) – 1. (значение – meaning) 2. (полный значения, значительный – meaningful) 3. (бессмысленный – meaningless)

Упражнение 2

От данных глаголов образуйте указанные слова:

inform (информировать) – 1. (информация) 2. (информативный) 3. (информатор) 4. (информированный) 5. (не информированный)
explain (объяснять) – 1. (объяснение) 2. (объясняющий) 3. (объясненный) 4. (необъяснённый, необъяснимый)
conclude (заключать, делать вывод) – 1. (заключение, вывод) 2. (заключительный, завершающий) 2. (окончательно, решительно)
increase (повышать, увеличивать) – 1. (увеличивающийся, возрастающий) 2. (всё более, всё в большей степени)
explore (исследовать) – 1. (исследование) 2. (исследователь) 3. (исследованный) 4. (неисследованный)

inform (информировать) – 1. (информация – information) 2. (информативный – informative) 3. (информатор – informant) 4. (информированный – informed) 5. (не информированный – uninformed)

explain (объяснять) – 1. (объяснение – explanation, explaining) 2. (объясняющий – explaining) 3. (объясненный – explained) 4. (необъяснённый, необъяснимый – unexplained)

conclude (заключать, делать вывод) – 1. (заключение, вывод – conclusion) 2. (заключительный, завершающий – concluding, conclusive) 2. (окончательно, решительно – conclusively)

increase (повышать, увеличивать) – 1. (увеличивающийся, возрастающий – increasing) 2. (всё более, всё в большей степени – increasingly)

explore (исследовать) – 1. (исследование – exploration) 2. (исследователь – explorer) 3. (исследованный – explored) 4. (неисследованный – unexplored)

Упражнение 3

От данных глаголов образуйте указанные слова:

develop (развивать, разрабатывать) – 1. (разработка) 2. (разработчик) 3. (разрабатывание) 4. (разработанный)
encourage (ободрять, воодушевлять) – 1. (ободрение) 2. (ободряющий) 3. (ободренный) 4. (ободряюще)
pollute (загрязнять) – 1. (загрязнение) 2. (загрязненный) 3. (загрязняющий) 4. (загрязнитель, источник загрязнений)
destruct (разрушать) – 1. (разрушение) 2. (разрушенный) 3. (разрушающий) 4. (разрушитель)
prevent (предотвращать) – 1. (предотвращение) 2. (предотвращающий) 3. (предотвращенный)

develop (развивать, разрабатывать) – 1. (разработка – development) 2. (разработчик – developer) 3. (разрабатывание – developing) 4. (разработанный – developed)

encourage (ободрять, воодушевлять) – 1. (ободрение – encouragement) 2. (ободряющий – encouraging) 3. (ободренный – encouraged) 4. (ободряюще – encouragingly)

pollute (загрязнять) – 1. (загрязнение – pollution) 2. (загрязненный – polluted) 3. (загрязняющий – polluting) 4. (загрязнитель, источник загрязнений – pollutor)

destruct (разрушать) – 1. (разрушение – destruction) 2. (разрушенный – dectructed) 3. (разрушающий – destructing) 4. (разрушитель – destructor)

prevent (предотвращать) – 1. (предотвращение – prevention) 2. (предотвращающий – preventing) 3. (предотвращенный – prevented)

Упражнение 4

От данных глаголов образуйте указанные слова:

conserve (сохранять) – 1. (сохранение) 2. (сохраняющий) 3. (консерватор) 4. (консервативный)
protect (защищать) – 2. (защита) 2. (защитник) 3. (защищенный) 4. (защитный)
vary (варьироваться, быть разнообразным) – 1. (разнообразие) 2. (разнообразный) 3. (вариативный)
create (творить, создавать) – 1. (создание, творение) 2. (создатель) 3. (созданный) 4. (творческий)
write (писать) – 1. (писатель) 2. (написанный) 3. (написание) 4. (пишущий)

conserve (сохранять) – 1. (сохранение – conservation) 2. (сохраняющий – conserving) 3. (хранитель – conserver, conservator) 4. (консервативный – conservative)

protect (защищать) – 2. (защита – protection) 2. (защитник – protector) 3. (защищенный – protected) 4. (защитный – protecting)

vary (варьироваться, быть разнообразным) – 1. (разнообразие – variety) 2. (разнообразный – various) 3. (вариативный – variative)

create (творить, создавать) – 1. (создание, творение – creation) 2. (создатель – creator) 3. (созданный – created) 4. (творческий – creative)

write (писать) – 1. (писатель – writer) 2. (написанный – written) 3. (написание – writing) 4. (пишущий – writing)

Упражнение 5

От данных глаголов образуйте указанные слова:

specify (определять, специфицировать) – 1. (определенный, специфичный) 2. (определяющий) 3. (специфически)
manufacture (производить) – 1. (производитель) 2. (завод, фабрика) 3. (производительный, производящий)
compute (вычислять) – 1. (вычислительная машина) 2. (вычисляющий) 3. (вычисленный)
invent (изобретать) – 1. (изобретение) 2. (изобретатель) 3. (изобретательный) 4. (изобретающий) 5. (изобретенный)
prepare (готовить, подготавливать) – 1. (подготовка) 2. (подготовительный) 3. (подготовленный) 4. (тот, кто подготовил)

specify (определять, специфицировать) – 1. (определенный, специфичный – specific) 2. (определяющий – specifying) 3. (специфически – specifically)

manufacture (производить) – 1. (производитель – manufacturer, manufactor) 2. (завод, фабрика – manufactory) 3. (производительный, производящий – manufacturing)

compute (вычислять) – 1. (вычислительная машина – computer) 2. (вычисляющий – computing) 3. (вычисленный – computed)

invent (изобретать) – 1. (изобретение – invention) 2. (изобретатель – inventor) 3. (изобретательный – inventive) 4. (изобретающий – inventing) 5. (изобретенный – invented)

prepare (готовить, подготавливать) – 1. (подготовка – preparation) 2. (подготовительный – preparative) 3. (подготовленный prepared) 4. (тот, кто подготовил – preparer)

Источник: http://tonail.com/словообразование-в-английском/

Упражнения с ответами на словообразование в английском языке Ссылка на основную публикацию

Источник: http://learneng.ru/grammatika/slovoobrazovanie-v-anglijskom-yazyke-uprazhneniya.html

Словообразование в английском языке. Задания в формате ЕГЭ

Данные задания на слоовообразование составлены по материалам пособия «Сборник тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку» (М. Вербицкая, Малколм Манн и др.) и входят в цикл Английский язык. Подготовка к ЕГЭ. Раздел «СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ».

Задания рекомендуется выполнять после изучения теоретического материала по словобразованию, ссылки на который дан перед упражнениями.

Суффиксы существительного

Задание 1. Измените слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию предложения.

Уточнение. Слово «лексически» означает, что к слову нужно добавить суффикс или префикс. Слово «грамматически» означает, что к преобразованному слову, возможно, нужно добавить окончание.

ПРИМЕР. Animal __________ will enjoy the performance. love

Animal lovers will enjoy the performance. — Любители животных получат удовольствие от представления.

Здесь требуется поставить существительное — lover во множ. число, исходя из контекста.

This __________ is passed through the generations. able
Stress is the ___________ with which syllables are pronounced. strong
His ______________led him to discovering a lot of information. curious
This book contains _________of the centuries. wise
This film takes me back to my ____________. child
he ___________of this corridor was surprising. long
It will be disastrous for the ___________. human
I appreciate our ___________. friend
I will die of ____________if I live that long. bored
The __________of her feelings was unexpected for me. warm
The____________is given to particularly bright students. scholar
He was famous for his ___________ . serious
The ___________of this song is incredible. popular
We were surprised at the _________in her speech. differ
It is easy to learn how to do this _________. active
The airplane started to lose __________. high

* * *

Задание 2. Form nouns from the words in bold.

The Hercules was famous for his _________ . strong
The ____________of the swimming pool was about 5 meters. wide
I was surprised by the ______________ of the tablecloth. white
The _________of the Tower and the __________ of the walls made it a perfect prison. high, thick
The ___________was delayed by fog for an hour. fly
Giving alive ___________is quite different from performing on a film. perform
Our ___________to predict the weather depends on the information we have. able
Another major ____________is the shape of the ball. different
The __________of the baseball is very great in America. popular
Much of his ________ Chekhov lived in severe poverty. child
The ______of London since then has been incredible. grow
We moved to our new ______________last spring. resident
Many encyclopedias state with __________that the Nile is the longest river in the world. confident
Her acting is closer to __________. real
The ship was in ___________condition. excellence
The story of the dodo`s ___________is one example of man`s effect on the environment. appear
He had ____________in finding a job. difficult
Each _____________is worth considering. possible

* * *

Задание 3. Form nouns from the words in bold.

The ______________ of this building took 20 years from start to finish. construct
Famous __________were held in the Tower. prison
Many _____________come to London each year. visit
There are a lot of ______________courses to improve your skills. train
Before the ____________of the hot air balloon, no human had ever successfully flown into the air. invent
The first successful __________was in 1783. fly
The ___________of the balloon depends on the wind. direct
The _____________and response of the audience can affect how the actor feels and performs. behave
They want to have the opportunity to do some real _____. act
London is an ideal place nightlife ____________. entertain
Special _____________is used to collect weather data. equip
He never seemed to be interested in ____________. educate
An _______________called Clarence went on an expedition to Canada with his family. explore
He is famous for his finding the __________to the problem. solve
His success was an remarkable_______. achieve
The ____________of its place is unknown. locate
What is your ______________of the performance? impress

* * *

Задание 4. Form nouns from the words in bold.

________will find these products on sale in the supermarkets. shop
He never seemed to be interested in ____________. educate
In New York he became a ____________at drama school. study
The ship left for New York with a crew of seven professional _________. sail
To the crew’s__________ they discovered that nobody was on the island. astonish
Each flag has its additional _____________. mean
Another ___________started at once. argue
Brighton is an ideal place for____________ . relax
There are eleven ___________in each team in cricket. play
They tried to persuade the ______________to introduce new laws. govern
The road __________must be improved. safe
It is ___________to drive without seatbelt. legal
Finding a good job is uneasy without proper ____________. qualify
Many people consider the ____________of moving away. possible
It is necessary to fill the _______________form. apply
The rate of _________________is very high. employ
You have a great _____________. imagine
To our great ___________, it started to rain. disappoint
The better your education is, the less_____________you will have in finding a job. difficult

Суффиксы и префиксы прилагательного

Задание 1. Form adjectives from the words in bold.

Huge ___________dinosaurs used to walk on the Earth. power
This private boat carried a cargo of _______________products. commerce
The dodo lived on an island where he had no ___________enemies. nature
There are hundreds of ______________hotels in sunny Brighton. comfort
Enjoy delicious dishes in ____________ restaurants. fashion
Taking part in this attraction can be a bit. risk
The story describes the ______________action of people. hero
_________plays are staged on Broadway. vary
The road was in ________________condition. excellence
The _____________method is always in great use. help
My father doesn’t buy _____________newspapers. expense
Who is _______________for making changes in our society? response
The Russians are considered to be very _____________. hospitality
The ______________equipment needs to be checked. electricity
I was impressed by French ______________cuisine. delicacy
She is not self- ________________. confidence
The job will give him more _______________freedom. artist
Paul’s Cathedral is an _________________building. impress
In the old days the only ___________means of transport was the horse. person
The trip was very ______________. benefit
Is your answer _______________ from mine? differ

Задание 2. Form adjectives from the words in bold. Mind the prefix UN-

Two _____________brothers Montgolfier were responsible for designing the first air balloon. France
The design of the balloon was ____________________law. science
Some ________________flyers have had an accident. fortunate
The first ________________flight was in 1783. success
You can go on a _______________ride on a horse back. enjoy
He had an ____________________idea. imagine
More ______________visitors can try «The Vampire Ride». adventure
Riding fast high above the park can be a ______________experience . scare
Nature is so ___________________that’s why we cannot forecast more than for a few days. predict
_______ people or things existed in the past are considered to be a part of history. history
____________baseball began in the USA in 1865. profession
In the USA baseball is considered as a __________sport. nation
It will be an ________________experience for me. forget
He started his own business and became ________________. wealth
The bridge was very ________________. use
It has become the place of _______________importance. globe
At first sight it seems _________________. believe
The situation is becoming more __________________. understand
She is a very _________________woman. effect
Everyone fell _____________in the room. silence
It was the most _________________journey I have ever had. please

Суффиксы и префиксы глагола

Задание 1. Form verbs from the words in bold.

He _______________ and lay on the bed. dress
He could enter the house because the door was ___________. lock
The usual practice at the History lesson is to ___________texts. tell
The exercise must be ________________. write
Teachers sometimes _____________students. understand
When the child ______________ she was unable to cope with him. behave
The parents ____________ the child to go out late at night. allow
When the days begin to ____________then the cold begins to _____________. long/ strong
They’re trying _____________our name. black
The snow ____________the mountain tops. white
Don’t let this ______________ you. courage
He was ____________by his family to learn music at a young age. courage
The town is ______________by fortified walls. circle
The route was built to ______________trucks to get around a waterfall. able
No argument can __________a war. just
If you ____________ a substance, you make it pure by removing any dirty substances from it. pure
You have ______________him as an ambitious person. character
His mother rarely___________ him or any of her children. critic
I’m sure Rose will _____________many of us. live
The men tried to __________ each other in their generosity. do

Задание 2. Form verbs from the words in bold.

The building must be __________________. construct
The symptoms of her illness have____________. appear
The student__________the teacher and did the wrong exercise. hear
Last week the government ______________ the citizens about the political situation in the country. inform
His own mind was ___________and ______________by foreign travel. large/rich
Martin ___________all the people in the area. He died at the age of 101. live
The elderly are usually _______________with the young. satisfy
Nowadays the risk of serious illness has________. less
Do you mean to____________ me? threat
Unfortunately, the cooperation between two countries was _______________. organize
The line was ___________, though not dead. connect
I am very ________________ with you. appoint
The students _______________ the teacher. obey
What does the emblem _______________? symbol
If someone_________a word, they spell it wrongly. spell
Don’t let this ______________ you. courage
He was ____________by his family to learn music at a young age. courage
He recognized her voice and his face ____________. soft

Источник: http://englishinn.ru/slovoobrazovanie-v-angliyskom-yazyike-zadaniya-v-formate-ege.html

Словообразование в английском — упражнения с ответами

Задания на словообразование. Word building exercises

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте существительные.

The study calculated that replacing weekly fruit juice … with whole fruits could bring health benefits. (consume)
For my birthday Mother baked a cake with yellow … . (ice)
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are called … because they provide the fuel your body needs. (nutrition)
Many women have to juggle … and a full-time job. (mother)
… are unavoidable when three … live under one roof. (argue, generate)
Her deep … of her sister was evident. (hate)
Older people who live alone often need help with gardening and house … (maintain)
Positive attitude helps employees to get along with … and managers. (worker)
China’s air… has cut life … by an average of 5.5 years in the north of the country and caused higher rates of lung cancer. (pollute, expect)
It is much safer to use stainless steel or glass … instead of plastic ones. (contain)

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте прилагательные.

My favorite … book is “Appetite” by Nigel Slater. (cooker)
Eating can also make you …, and so can waking up in the morning. (thirst)
You shouldn’t rest on your laurels but try to improve your … performance. (academy)
Highly … gas is naturally found in coal mines. (explode)
An … species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of extinction. (danger)
The most… earthquake struck in Shanxi, China 1556. (disaster)
… exploitation of nature by man has resulted in the effects we have to deal with now. (thought)
Laos is a landlocked … country, widely covered by tropical forest. (mountain)
I decided to take a walk. It would be too … to wait in the queue. (tire)

Упражнение 3. Используйте отрицательные приставки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

The service was slow and the waiter’s familiarity was … , so we left without paying. (accept)
Some children are a challenge, especially when they … in public places. (behaviour)
To my … , the restaurant was overbooked and we had to spend the evening at home. (appoint)
Michael was … about what dessert to order. (decide)
Parents’… of their children’s behaviour and life choices can ruin their lives. (approve)
There is a huge difference between … children and those merely … to listen to their parents’ advice. (obey, will)
Young children mustn’t be left … either at home or at public places. (attention)
She was frequently left alone by her … husband. (faith)
If you describe someone as …, you are criticising them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly or are … to act in this capacity. (competence, qualifications)
Banks are still seen as … and many people keep their savings at home. (security)

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, образуйте глаголы.

Guar gum also is used in the food industry to … products ice cream. (thick)
Old Manchester houses are made of red brick… by soot. (black)
David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would … up the room. (bright)
Do we ever stop to think about the importance of the air we … ? (breath)
I’d to … this dress for one in a larger size. (change)
They … 100 dollars from a bank account an hour ago. (draw)

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

Sometimes one’s … are the only people one can … in. (parental, confidence)
Many people … that getting a spouse can put them their…, which later… wrong, because sometimes marriage makes life more difficult. (belief, miserable, proof)
An … Roman … has been discovered in northwest England, (extend, settle)
The dining-room is elegantly … and … carpeted, (furniture, luxury)
Everyone is … of her having the chance to … abroad, (envy, student)
When employers look at… candidates, beyond skills, experience, and training, they look for those who demonstrate … (prospect, enthuse)
In the city the … and … were insufferable, (hot, humid)
Our planet’s… regions, located just north and south of the equator, are known for their… and … (tropic, warm, humid)
Next to Shakespeare, no … gets more love on Broadway than Tennessee Williams, (play)
During Elizabeth’s reign England significantly … its trade … and in 1580 Sir Francis Drake became the first Englishman to successfully … the earth, (expansion, sea, circumnavigation)

Упражнение 6. Образуйте слова от данных. Вставьте слова в текст.

RESTORATION, LOOK, DEMOLITION, EXTEND, GOTH, ACCOMMODATE, PANELLING, UNEXPECTED

Solid in appearance and structure, it offers _________ (4) and well presented ___________ (5). As one would ___________ (6) there is a grand drawing room with oak _________ (7) walls and a large open fireplace.

The large windows __________ (8) a parkland setting.

FORM, ILLEGAL, EDUCATIONAL, QUALIFICATIONS, TUITION

Home education is when a child is __________ (1) at home rather than at school. It’s perfectly __________ (2) in the UK and one doesn’t need to be a __________ (3) teacher to do so.

Children who are home educated receive all their education from their parents, sometimes with the help of outside __________ (4).

If you decide to home educate your child you don’t have to follow __________ (5) rules about how you teach or when you teach.

CHIEF, SEARCH, SCIENCE, INDUCE, COLLECT, APPLY, ADOPTION, FOUND

English philosopher, statesman, and jurist who rose to become Lei Chancellor (1618—1621) to James I but is __________ (1) remembered for the status he gave to __________ (2) research in England.

Although his name is associated with the method of __________ (3) and the rejection of a priori reasoning in science, the painstaking __________ (4) of miscellaneous facts without any use of error theory which he supported in the Novum Organum has never been __________ (5) as a practical method of __________ (6).

The __________ (7) of the Baconian method was, however, an important object in the __________ (8) of the Royal Society some years later.

DEPTH, HARMLESS, DESIRE, MODERATE, ACCESS

The __________ (3) and the affordability of goods make shopping all the more appealing. For many compulsive buyers, a big part of the appeal of shopping is the process of searching out and obtaining that new, better, __________ (4) item.

This process is so mesmerising that it often ruins long-term financial plans, leaving shoppers __________ (5) in debt.

Ответы к упражнениям на словообразование. Word building exercises – answers

Exercise 1.

1 consumption, 2 icing, 3 nutrients, 4 motherhood/maternity, 5 arguments, generations, 6 hatred, 7 maintenance, 8 co-workers, 9 pollution, expectancy

Exercise 2.

1 cookery, 2 thirsty, 3 academic, 4 explosive, 5 endangered, 6 disastrous, 7 thoughtless, 8 mountainous, 9 tiresome

Exercise 3.

1 unacceptable, 2 misbehave, 3 disappointment, 4 indecisive, 5 disapproval, 6 disobedient, unwilling, 7 unattended, 8 unfaithful, 9 incompetent, unqualified, 10 insecure

Exercise 4.

1 thicken, 2 blackened, 3 brighten, 4 breathe, 5 exchange, 6 withdrew

Exercise 5.

1 parents, confide, 2 believe, misery, proves, 3 extensive, settlement, 4 furnished, luxuriously 5 envious, study, 6 prospective, enthusiasm, 7 heat, humidity, 8 tropic (al), warmth, humidity, 9 playwright, 10 expanded, oversea (s), circumnavigate

Exercise 6.

1 restored, 2 gothic, 3 demolished, 4 extensive 5 accommodation, 6 expect, 7 panel (l) ed, 8 overlook

1 educated, 2 legal, 3 qualified, 4 tutors, 5 formal

1 chiefly, 2 scientific, 3 induction, 4 collection, 5 adopted, 6 research, 7 application, 8 foundation

1 moderation, 2 harmful, 3 accessibility, 4 desirable, 5 deeply

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