Word formation в английском языке упражнения

Тренировочные тесты WORDFORMATION (form: 8 -9).

Test 1.

1. This is the most . …. . . . . concert I‘ve ever been to. (Expense) 2. Her husband’s not a very……….person. (Patience) 3. Susan is very……….and wants to do well. (Ambition) 4. Show some…….…. Don’t you like the idea? (Enthuse) 5. Her problem is that she has not enough……..…in herself. (Confide) 6. Dan is really very…………, even rude sometimes. (Polite) 7. I haven’t been to the cinema………… . (Recent) 8. Mary………… and they never s aw her again. (Appear)

Test 2.

1.Most people have no real……… in ghosts.(Believe) 2. Mark Twain wrote many……… stories. (Humour) 3. The children’s…..… at the concert was excellent. (Behave) 4. Rita asked for a ……… and cashier gave her one. (Receive) 5. Do you think you have the……… to pass the exam? (Able) 6. You need a lot of ……… to write a good story. (Imagine) 7. I read an interesting …… in the newspaper. (Advertise) 8. Their friendship began in their …….. . (Child)

Test 3.

1. I’m telling you the …..…! I swear! (True) 2. Your composition isn’t good enough. You’ll have to …..… it. (Write) 3. Did you know Ann used to work as a …….. when she was younger? (Wait) 4. They need your …..… before they can do it. (Sign) 5. It all happened quite…..… . I didn’t have time to think. (Sudden) 6. I’m sure his new film is going to be a huge…… .(Succeed) 7. Did Paul give an ……… for his actions? (Explain) 8. The ……… of the village are all very kind. (Inhabit)

Test 4.

1. The leaflet gives a brief……… of each place. (Describe) 2. Can you give us a quick ……… of how it works? (Explain) 3. Olga broke the vase during an ……… with her husband. (Argue) 4. Gold is a very ……… metal. (Value) 5. Peter began to feel depressed and …..… . (Help) 6. His book is the result of years of ……… research. (Care) 7. This snake is not ……… at all. (Danger) 8. The bright flowers make the room look…….. . (Cheer)

Test 5.

1. Teenagers nowadays are more interested in ……… problems. (Globe) 2. Have you seen the new Levi ..…… on TV? (Advertise) 3. I looked everywhere but I couldn’t find him. He’s ……… (Appear) 4. It’s very…..… to drink and drive. (Danger) 5. Can you give me some more …… about this adventure holiday? (Inform) 6. We need to put up some …… for tonight’s party. (Decorate) 7. The weather today will be cold and…….. . (Wind) 8. Margarita was very ……… with the service. (Satisfy)

Test 6.

1. They put a lot of ..…… on him to agree to their demands. (Press) 2. I’ve had three…… nights and l feel exhausted. (Sleep) 3. If you have problems with your ………, see a doctor. (Circulate) 4. I’m feeling very …… today. I think I’ll go for a run. (Energy) 5. Remember that ..…… are also human. (Examine) 6. His nose was quite …… for days after he’d it pierced. ( Pain) 7. There are a lot of …… restaurants in this area. (Fashion) 8. Although she isn’t beautiful, most men find her quite……… (Attract).

Test 7.

1.The food was completely …… ; he was a useless cook .(Taste) 2. There were over 500 ……to the temple every day .(Visit ) 3. You can’t hope to win the race without any …….… .(Train) 4. In spite of her …….…,Jane continued her journey .(Hungry ) 5.Hard as he tried , he was unable to find …… .(Solve ) 6.I ..…… speaking , I don’t think Latin is a useful subject .(Person) 7.You need to organize your time more …….… (Efficient )

Test 8.

1. Stories are more ………. than lists of words .(Memory ) 2. His exam results were very …… . (Please ) 3. Passing exams will help you to get a ……job .(Good ) 4. You should revise on a regular ……… (Base ) 5. There are books that are specially …..….for foreign learners.(Simple ) 6. A degree is a very useful……….to have .(Qualify )7. I hope you will take into ……… what I have just said to you .(Consider ) 8. This new book had many beautiful …..…in it .(illustrate )

Test 9.

1.My aunt became …..….when she went to America. (Fame) 2.Paul sings …….; I’m surprised he isn’t a professional singer. (Beauty) 3.I was …….to see all my old friends again. (Delight ) 4.They bought some …… for their new house. (Furnish ) 5. She lives in a really ……mansion in the suburbs. (Luxury ) 6. Are you sitting ……. in that chair ? (Comfort ) 7.Everyone was nervous about the ……’s visit. (Inspector) 8.Our teacher has a really strong ……. . (Person) 9.His father has the best …… of ancient coins. (Collect)

Test 10.

1.The teacher wanted to know what my greatest …….(Ambitious) 2.I..……ever go to the theatre. I don’t like it .(Hard ) 3.Marina has a very …… manner , which I appreciate .(Relax) 4.Her son took part in the world ………last year .(Champion) 5.I was ……….when victor said I was beautiful.(Flatter) 6. Julia got a ………for best leading actress .(Nominate ) 7.She’s a very ………thinker .(Origin) 8.Her friend is very ……….! You can trust him .(Rely)

Ответы к тренировочным тестам. Test 1. 1. Expensive 2. Patient 3.Ambitious 4.Enthusiasm 5. Confidence 6.Impolite 7.Recently 8.Disappeared Test 2. 1. Belief 2. Humorous 3. Behaviour 4. Receipt 5. Ability 6. Success7. Advertisement 8. Childhood Test 3. 1. Truth 2. Rewrite 3. Waitress 4. Signature 5. Suddenly 6. Success 7.Explanation 8. Inhabitants Test 4. 1. Description 2. Explanation 3. Argument 4. Valuable 5. Helpless 6. Careful 7. Dangerous 8. Cheerful Test 5. 1. Global 2. Advertisement 3. Disappeared 4. Dangerous 5. Information 6. Decorations 7. Windy 8. Satisfied Test 6. 1. Pressure 2. Sleepless 3. Circulation 4. Energetic 5. Examiners 6.Painful Test 7. 1.Tasteless 2. Visitors 3.Training 4 . Hunger 5. Solution 6. Personally7. Efficiently Test 8. 1. Memorable 2. Pleasant 3. Better 4. Basis 5. Simplified 6. Qualification 7. Consideration 8. ILLustrations Test 9. 1. Famous 2. Beautifully 3. Delighted 4. Furniture 5. Luxurious 6. Comfortably 7. Inspector 8. Personality 9. Collection 10. Test 10. 1. Ambition 2. Hardly 3. Relaxed 4. Championship 5. Flattered 6. Nomination 7. Original 8. Reliable

Добрый день, читатели блога grammar-tei.com. Сегодня мы займемся словообразованием и выполним несколько упражнений на словообразование в английском языке. Все упражнения даются с ответами, поэтому Вы сможете проверить себя.

Тема словообразование в английском – очень сложная, поэтому практиковаться нужно много. Всем известно, что задания на словообразования есть в ЕГЭ. Не будем откладывать и выполним упражнения на словообразование в английском.

Задания на словообразование. Word building exercises.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте существительные.

1. The study calculated that replacing weekly fruit juice … with whole fruits could bring health benefits. (consume)
2. For my birthday Mother baked a cake with yellow … . (ice)
3. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are called … because they provide the fuel your body needs. (nutrition)
4. Many women have to juggle … and a full-time job. (mother)
5. … are unavoidable when three … live under one roof. (argue, generate)
6. Her deep … of her sister was evident. (hate)
7. Older people who live alone often need help with gardening and house … (maintain)
8. Positive attitude helps employees to get along with … and managers. (worker)
9. China’s air… has cut life … by an average of 5.5 years in the north of the country and caused higher rates of lung cancer. (pollute, expect)
10. It is much safer to use stainless steel or glass … instead of plastic ones. (contain)

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте прилагательные.

1. My favorite … book is “Appetite” by Nigel Slater. (cooker)
2. Eating can also make you …, and so can waking up in the morning. (thirst)
3. You shouldn’t rest on your laurels but try to improve your … performance. (academy)
4. Highly … gas is naturally found in coal mines. (explode)
5. An … species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of extinction. (danger)
6. The most… earthquake struck in Shanxi, China 1556. (disaster)
7. … exploitation of nature by man has resulted in the effects we have to deal with now. (thought)
8. Laos is a landlocked … country, widely covered by tropical forest. (mountain)
9. I decided to take a walk. It would be too … to wait in the queue. (tire)

Упражнение 3. Используйте отрицательные приставки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

1. The service was slow and the waiter’s familiarity was … , so we left without paying. (accept)
2. Some children are a challenge, especially when they … in public places. (behaviour)
3. To my … , the restaurant was overbooked and we had to spend the evening at home. (appoint)
4. Michael was … about what dessert to order. (decide)
5. Parents’… of their children’s behaviour and life choices can ruin their lives. (approve)
6. There is a huge difference between … children and those merely … to listen to their parents’ advice. (obey, will)
7. Young children mustn’t be left … either at home or at public places. (attention)
8. She was frequently left alone by her … husband. (faith)
9. If you describe someone as …, you are criticising them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly or are … to act in this capacity. (competence, qualifications)
10. Banks are still seen as … and many people keep their savings at home. (security)

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, образуйте глаголы.

1. Guar gum also is used in the food industry to … products like ice cream. (thick)
2. Old Manchester houses are made of red brick… by soot. (black)
3. David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would … up the room. (bright)
4. Do we ever stop to think about the importance of the air we … ? (breath)
5. I’d like to … this dress for one in a larger size. (change)
6. They … 100 dollars from a bank account an hour ago. (draw)

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

1. Sometimes one’s … are the only people one can … in. (parental, confidence)
2. Many people … that getting a spouse can put them out of their…, which later… wrong, because sometimes marriage makes life more difficult. (belief, miserable, proof)
3. An … Roman … has been discovered in northwest England, (extend, settle)
4. The dining-room is elegantly … and … carpeted, (furniture, luxury)
5. Everyone is … of her having the chance to … abroad, (envy, student)
6. When employers look at… candidates, beyond skills, experience, and training, they look for those who demonstrate … (prospect, enthuse)
7. In the city the … and … were insufferable, (hot, humid)
8. Our planet’s… regions, located just north and south of the equator, are known for their… and … (tropic, warm, humid)
9. Next to Shakespeare, no … gets more love on Broadway than Tennessee Williams, (play)
10. During Elizabeth’s reign England significantly … its trade … and in 1580 Sir Francis Drake became the first Englishman to successfully … the earth, (expansion, sea, circumnavigation)

Упражнение 6. Образуйте слова от данных. Вставьте слова в текст.

A.

Located in Wiltshire, an outstanding and beautifully __________ (1), late ________ (2) style manor house was built of limestone. Originally it was a much larger property that was mostly ___________ (3). Solid in appearance and structure, it offers _________ (4) and well presented ___________ (5). As one would ___________ (6) there is a grand drawing room with oak _________ (7) walls and a large open fireplace. The large windows __________ (8) a parkland setting.

B.

Home education is when a child is __________ (1) at home rather than at school. It’s perfectly __________ (2) in the UK and one doesn’t need to be a __________ (3) teacher to do so. Children who are home educated receive all their education from their parents, sometimes with the help of outside __________ (4). If you decide to home educate your child you don’t have to follow __________ (5) rules about how you teach or when you teach.

C.

English philosopher, statesman, and jurist who rose to become Lei Chancellor (1618—1621) to James I but is __________ (1) remembered for the status he gave to __________ (2) research in England. Although his name is associated with the method of __________ (3) and the rejection of a priori reasoning in science, the painstaking __________ (4) of miscellaneous facts without any use of error theory which he supported in the Novum Organum has never been __________ (5)  as a practical method of __________ (6). The __________ (7) of the Baconian method was, however, an important object in the __________ (8) of the Royal Society some years later.

D.

We’ve all heard of emotional eating. There’s also such a thing as emotional shopping. In __________ (1), neither of these activities is __________ (2), but in excess both can have serious consequences. The __________ (3) and the affordability of goods make shopping all the more appealing. For many compulsive buyers, a big part of the appeal of shopping is the process of searching out and obtaining that new, better, __________ (4) item. This process is so mesmerising that it often ruins long-term financial plans, leaving shoppers __________ (5) in debt.

Ответы к упражнениям на словообразование. Word building exercises – answers.

Exercise 1.

1 consumption, 2 icing, 3 nutrients, 4 motherhood/maternity, 5 arguments, generations, 6 hatred, 7 maintenance,  8 co-workers, 9 pollution, expectancy

Exercise 2.

1 cookery, 2 thirsty, 3 academic, 4 explosive, 5 endangered, 6 disastrous, 7 thoughtless, 8 mountainous, 9 tiresome

Exercise 3.

1 unacceptable, 2 misbehave, 3 disappointment, 4 indecisive, 5 disapproval, 6 disobedient, unwilling, 7 unattended,  8 unfaithful, 9 incompetent, unqualified, 10 insecure

Exercise 4.

1 thicken, 2 blackened, 3 brighten, 4 breathe, 5 exchange, 6 withdrew

Exercise 5.

1 parents, confide, 2 believe, misery, proves, 3 extensive, settlement, 4 furnished, luxuriously 5 envious, study, 6 prospective, enthusiasm, 7 heat, humidity, 8 tropic (al), warmth, humidity, 9 playwright, 10 expanded, oversea (s), circumnavigate

Exercise 6.

A

1 restored, 2 gothic, 3 demolished, 4 extensive 5 accommodation, 6 expect, 7 panel (l) ed, 8 overlook

B

1 educated, 2 legal, 3 qualified, 4 tutors, 5 formal

C

1 chiefly, 2 scientific, 3 induction,  4 collection, 5 adopted, 6 research, 7 application, 8 foundation

D.

1 moderation, 2 harmful, 3 accessibility, 4 desirable, 5 deeply

Надеюсь, эти упражнения на словообразование помогут Вам в изучении этого непростого раздела английского языка. Word building exercises are very useful!

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СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАК СЛОЖНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА (WORD-BUILDING)

     В ходе обучения иностранному языку, в частности, английскому, у студентов возникает масса вопросов при переводе слов той или иной части речи. В связи с этим необходимо остановиться на основных способах словообразования в английском языке.

     В современном английском языке имеется несколько способов словообразования:

1) конверсия (образование новых слов без изменения их написания и произношения)

2) словосложение (образование нового слова путем сложения двух слов в одно)

3) изменение ударения в слове (и получение нового слова другой части речи).

4) аффиксация (прибавление к корню суффикса или префикса)

Конверсия как способ словообразования. Словосложение. Изменение ударения.

Иногда слово может менять свое значение и выполнять новую синтаксическую функцию в предложении, не изменяя при этом написания и произношения (конверсия). Наиболее распространенным является образование глаголов от существительных: master (хозяин) — to master (управлять), house (дом) — to house (размещать), water (вода) — to water (поливать). Но глаголы могут быть образованы и от прилагательных: empty (пустой) — to empty (опустошать) white (белый) — to white (белить).

Словосложение — это объединение полнозначных слов или их основ в сложное слово. Вновь образованное сложное слово пишется слитно или через дефис: airfield — аэродром (air — воздух, field — поле), air-base — авиабаза (air — воздух, base — база), airman — авиатор (air — воздух, man — мужчина), schoolday — школьный день (school — школа, day — день), birthplace — место рождения (birth — рождение, place — место).

Сложные слова могут состоять из двух существительных, первое из которых приобретает значение прилагательного. В этом случае слова пишутся отдельно. Например: service dress — форменная одежда, одежда для службы (service — служба, dress — платье), shop window — витрина (shop — магазин, window — окно), skim milk — снятое молоко (to skim — снимать (накипь и т.д.), milk — молоко).

Многие существительные совпадают по форме с глаголами, но отличаются ударением. Как правило, в существительных ударение падает на первый слог, а в соответствующих глаголах — на второй: export (экспорт) — to export (экспортировать) present (подарок) — to present (дарить).

Словообразование с помощью аффиксации.

Образование новых слов может происходить при помощи присоединения к основе слова суффиксов или префиксов (приставок). Префиксы присоединяются к корню слова в начале, а суффиксы — в конце. Слова, образованные с помощью префиксов или суффиксов, в отличие от простых слов, называются производными.

Самым продуктивным является этот вид словообразования. В ходе обучения английскому языку уделяется большое внимание этому способу словосложения.

Префиксы, как и суффиксы, могут присоединяться к различным частям речи, изменяя при этом значение основы слова, например: happy (счастливый) — unhappy (несчастный) — happiness (счастье) — happily (счастливо); help (помощь) — helper (помощник) — helpful (полезный) — helpless (беспомощный).

           Наиболее употребительные приставки (префиксы) и их значения:

           1. Префикс со значением “снова”, “заново”, “вновь”, “пере”:

re-	to construct (строить) — to reconstruct (перестроить), to read (читать) — to reread (перечитать), to write (писать) — to rewrite (переписать)

2. Префиксы, которые придают слову противоположное значение или обозначают противоположное действие:

un-       dis-       de-       anti-     counter- contra-

to dress (одеваться) — to undress (раздеваться), to tie (связывать) — to untie (развязывать)  to appear (появляться) — to disappear (исчезать) formation (формирование) — deformation (деформация) fascist (фашист) — anti-fascist (антифашист) attack (атака) — counterattack (контратака) to  contradict (противоречить, возражать)

3. Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение:

a- ab- un-         im-        in-         ir-         il-    dis-       mis-      non-

amoral (аморальный, безнравственный) absent (отсутствующий),  abnormal (ненормальный) kind (добрый) — unkind (недобрый) possible (возможный) — impossible (невозможный) ability (способность) — inability (неспособность) regular (регулярный) — irregular (нерегулярный)  legal (легальный) — illegal (нелегальный)  honest (честный) — dishonest (нечестный), to understand (понимать) — to misunderstand (неправильно понять) interference (вмешательство) — non-interference (невмешательство)

! NOTE ! Приставка, которая начинается на “i” изменяется в зависимости от того, какая за ней стоит буква: il + l, ir + r, im + b, m, p.

4. Префиксы, имеющие значение “сверх”, “пере”, “чрезмерно”:

over- super-  ultra- extra-

to pay (платить) — to overpay (переплатить) human (человеческий) — superhuman (сверхчеловеческий)  short (короткий) — ultra-short (ультракороткий) extraordinary (необычный)

5.        Префиксы со значением “между”, “взаимно”:

со-       inter-

existence (существование) — co-existence (сосуществование) national (национальный) — international (интернациональный)

6.        Префиксы, которые переводятся как

а)        “перед”:

рге- fore-

war (война) — pre-war (довоенный), historic (исторический) — prehistoric (доисторический) to foresee (предвидеть)

б)        “после”:

post-

war (война,) — post-war (послевоенный), revolutionary (революционный) — post-revolutionary (послереволюционный)

в)        “недостаточно”, “недо-“:

under-

to pay (платить) — to underpay (оплачивать низко, т.е. недостаточно оплачивать, недоплачивать), production (производство)  —  underproduction (недопроизводство)

г)        “под”:

sub-	division (разделение) — subdivision (подразделение), committee (комиссия, комитет) —   subcommittee (подкомиссия)

д)        “экс”, “бывший”:

ex-	champion (чемпион) — ex-champion (бывший чемпион)

е)        само-, авто-

auto-

autobiography (автобиография), automatic (автоматический)

ж)        полу-

semi-

semifinal (полуфинал), semicircle (полукруг)

з)        через-, транс-

trans-

transatlantic (трансатлантический)

и)        вверх, кверху, наверху

up-	upstairs (вверх по лестнице), upside (верхняя часть), to uproot (вырывать с корнем)

к)        двойной, два, дважды

bi-	bilingual (двуязычный), bi-monthly (выходящий два раза в месяц)

л)        имеющий дело с книгами

bibli(o)-

bibliography (библиография)

м)        относящийся к жизни

bio-	biography (биография)

н)        второстепенное значение

by-	by-street (переулок, улочка)

о)        много-, мульти-, поли-

multi- poly-

multicolored (многоцветный), multimillionaire (мультимиллионер) polyglot (полиглот), polytechnic (политехнический)

п)        второстепенное значение

by-	by-street (переулок, улочка)

7. Префикс глагола, имеющий значение “делать”:

en-	large (большой) — to enlarge (увеличивать, делать больше), danger (опасность) — to endanger (подвергать опасности), force (сила) — to enforce (принуждать, настаивать)

Основные суффиксы существительных:

1. Суффиксы, обозначающие принадлежность к

а)        политическому направлению профессии или нации:

-ist   -an, -ian

Communist (коммунист), Marxist (марксист}, materialist (материалист);  artist (художник), typist (машинистка), pianist (пианист), historian (историк), librarian (библиотекарь), musician (музыкант); Russian (русский), Bulgarian (болгарин)

2. Суффикс, обозначающий учение, теорию, качество:

-ism	marxism (марксизм), heroism (героизм)

3. Суффиксы, обозначающие действующее лицо, его занятие или должность:

-ег, -or -ee, -eer

to teach (учить) — teacher (учитель), to direct (руководить) — director (руководитель) employee (служащий), refugee (беженец, эмигрант), auctioneer (аукционер),

 4.        Суффикс, обозначающий результат действия:

-ment -ade

achievement (достижение), agreement (согласие), government (правительство) lemonade (лимонад), blockade (блокада)

5.        Суффиксы, обозначающие

а)        состояние:

-hood -ship -cy, -acy

brotherhood (братство), childhood (детство), manhood (мужественность) dictatorship (диктатура), friendship (дружба), leadership (руководство) accuracy (точность), infancy (младенчество), supremacy (превосходство)

б)        действие, состояние:

-age       -ing     -ence     -ance   -ion, -tion     -ition, -ation -sion     -al

shortage (нехватка), marriage (брак, супружество), voyage (путешествие)  hunting (охота),  crossing (пересечение,  перекресток),  living (житье)  silence (молчание), difference (различие) importance (важность), resistance (сопротивление) collection (собрание, коллекция), dictation (диктант, диктовка) competition (соревнование), hesitation (сомнение, колебание) decision (решение)  removal ( удаление), arrival (прибытие), refusal (отказ), approval (одобрение)

в) качество или состояние:

-dom   -ness   -ty

freedom (свобода), kingdom (королевство), wisdom (мудрость)  coldness (холод),  darkness  (темнота),  kindness (доброта), weakness (слабость)  activity (активность), safety (безопасность)

г) место действия, занятие или состояние

-ery	bakery (булочная), surgery (кабинет хирурга), cookery (кулинария), slavery (рабство)

д) род занятий, отрасль науки

-ics	physics (физика), politics (политика)

Основные суффиксы прилагательных:

1.        Суффикс, образующий прилагательные от существительных и обозначающий национальную принадлежность или слабую степень качества:

-ese -ish

Chinese (китаец, китайский), Japanese (японец, японский) Pole (поляк) — Polish (польский), Scott (шотландец) — Scottish (шотландский) red (красный) — reddish (красноватый), child (ребенок) — childish (ребячливый, детский)

2.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от глаголов и обозначающие наличие качества:

-ive -ent -ant

to act (действовать) — active (активный), to talk (разговаривать) – talkative (разговорчивый)  to differ (различать) — different (различный), to insist (настаивать) — insistent (настойчивый) to observe (наблюдать, замечать) — observant (наблюдательный, внимательный)

3.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от существительных
и обозначающие наличие качества, свойства:

-ic     -al -ful -ous   -у

base (основа) — basic (основной), economy (экономика) — economic (экономический) centre (центр) — central (центральный) culture (культура) — cultural (культурный), beauty (красота) — beautiful (красивый) peace (мир) — peaceful (мирный), fame (слава) — famous (знаменитый) cloud (облако) — cloudy (облачный), sun (солнце) — sunny (солнечный)

4.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от различных частей
речи и обозначающие

а)        качество, свойство:

-аrу -огу

element (элемент) — elementary (элементарный) illusion (иллюзия) — illusory (обманчивый, иллюзорный)

б)        способность что-либо сделать, состояние, качество:

-able   — ible

to change (изменить) — changeable (изменчивый) to eat (есть) — eatable (съедобный), reason (разум) — reasonable (разумный)

в)        отсутствие качества:

-less

useless (бесполезный), windless (безветренный)

Основные суффиксы глаголов:

-ate -en       -fy, -ify -ize, -ise

active (активный) — to activate (активизировать) short (короткий) — to shorten (укоротить) pure (чистый) — to purify (очищать), simple (простой) — to simplify (упрощать) character (характер) — to characterize (характеризовать)

Основные суффиксы наречий

Суффиксы, образующие наречия от

а) прилагательных, иногда — существительных, порядковых числительных и причастий:

-ly	bad (плохой) — badly (плохо), part (часть) — partly (частично), first (первый) — firstly (во-первых)

б) существительных и наречий и обозначающие направление (или направленность):

-wards -ward

North (север) — northward(s) (к северу, на север), after (после) — afterwards (впоследствии, позже, потом), back (обратно, назад) — backward(s) (назад, в обратном направлении) home (дом, домой) — homeward (к дому, по направлению к дому)

NOTE! В английском языке большое место занимают слова, заимствованные из других языков. Такие слова называются интернациональными. По корню этих слов легко догадаться об их значении. Например: telegram (телеграмма), orchestra (оркестр), concert (концерт) и др. Умение подмечать интернациональные слова в значительной степени облегчает работу по переводу текста.

Тренировочные упражнения

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие слова, выделите в них суффиксы и префиксы:

Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, decompose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, reconstruct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.

Ex. 2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова. Переведите их:

Achievement — achieve, resistance — resistant, assistance — assist — assistant, celebration — celebrate, difference — different, city — citizen, nation — national — nationality, measure — measurement, develop — development, act — active — activity, contain — container, discover — discovery — discoverer, literature — literary, graduate — graduation — undergraduate — post-graduate, educate — education, progress — progressive, act — action — activity — active, govern — governor — government.

Ex. З. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ег или -or. Переведите на русский язык:

To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.

Ex. 4. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффикса -ist, -ism, -ian. Переведите на русский язык:

Special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic, mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India.

Ex. 5. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ment. Переведите на русский язык:

Develop, achieve, move, arrange, treat, state, improve, agree, equip, govern, require, measure, announce, pave.

Ex. 6. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -ful и -less, переведите их на русский язык:

Beauty, thank, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.

Ex. 7. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -able, -ible, переведите их на русский язык:

Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect.

Ex. 8. Найдите и выделите суффиксы в данных словах и определите, к какой части речи эти слова относятся:

British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experiment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, fundamental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attractive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom.

Ex. 9. Образуйте глаголы с помощью суффикса -en:

Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp, strength.

Ex. 10. Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса -1у и переведите их:

Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.

Ex. 11. Образуйте глаголы от данных существительных. Переведите их:

Turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, stay, step, stop, study, talk, visit, rest, air, paper, cover, handle, cause, watch, act, address, answer, brush, clean, cross, crowd, wave, wish, work, dance, doubt, dress, end, fight, help, hope, joke, laugh, lift, light, love, mind, paper, pencil, place, plan, play, post, reply, report, return, sail, show.

Ex. 12. Переведите на русский язык. Выделите словообразующие элементы. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова:

React, reaction, reactor, reactivity; science, scientific, scientist; industry, industrial, industrious; cold, coldly, coldness; dark, darkness, darken; happy, happily, happiness, unhappy; equal, equally, unequal, equality; free, freedom, freely; attention, attentive, attentively; sun, sunny, sunless; care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessness; to differ, different, difference, indifferent; England, English, Englishman; fame, famous.

Ex. 13. Переведите следующие сложные слова:

Airport, armchair, bathroom, bedroom, bookcase, bookshelf, classroom, custom-house, dining-room, drawing-room, fireplace, folksong, gentleman, hairbrush, icebox, newspaper, notebook, postcard, post-office, raincoat, sportsman, sunshine, writing-table.

Ex. 14. Прочтите следующие пары слов, соблюдая ударения. Переведите их:

An accent — to accent, a contract — to contract, a content — to content, a contest — to contest, a convoy — to convoy, a convict — to convict, a perfect — to perfect, a record — to record.

Ex. 15. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова:

1. Не works as a teacher. 2. I saw one of his works at the exhibition. 3. I was waiting for your report. 4. They report the results of their experiment every Monday. 5. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment. 6. You’ll make progress if you work hard. 7. He thought about his new work. 8. I have a present for you. 9. I am busy at present. 10. He presented me with a book.

Ex. 16. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов. Определите части речи. Дайте начальную форму. Переведите слова:

Powerful, inventor, high-quality, network, demoralize, profitable, dislike, disagree, movement, shorten, incorrect, electricity, fruitful, fruitless, happiness, dangerous, noisy, sunny, rainy, badly, strongly, reading, teaching, rebuild, retell, leader, teacher, unhappy, unusual, translation, cooperation, schoolboy, icebreaker.

Ex. 17. Напишите сложные существительные, исходя из объяснений.

Например: A machine for drying hair – hair drier.

1. A thing for opening tins — … . 2. A machine for playing records — … . 3. A machine for mixing food — … . 4. A thing that times eggs (when they are boiling) — … . 5. Things for warming people’s legs — … . 6. Stuff that kills flies — … . 7. A liquid that removes paint — … . 8. A tool that opens bottles — … . 9. A thing for peeling potatoes — … . 10. A liquid for removing eye makeup — … . 11. Stuff for freshening the air — … .

Ex. 18. Напишите  словосочетания по модели число+ существительное+существительное (! не забывайте что число и первое существительное соединяется дефисом и что это существительное обычно стоит в единственном числе)

Например: a walk lasting for three miles – a three-mile walk.

1. A girl who has just celebrated her sixteenth birthday — … . 2. A flight lasting for ten hours — … . 3. A note that is worth twenty pounds — … . 4. A language course that lasts four weeks — … . 5. A drive that takes three hours — … .  6. A meal that consists of three courses — … . 7. A holiday that lasts two weeks — … . 8. A delay at the airport that went on for two hours — … . 9. A letter that goes on for ten pages — … . 10. A university course that takes three years — … . 11. A prison sentence of ten years — … . 12. A hotel with five stars — … . 13. A speed limit of 30 miles an hour — … . 14. A house that was built two hundred years ago — … .

Ex. 19. Распределите прилагательные по трем группам: 1) люди, 2) места, 3) вещи:

Obstinate, unspoilt, hand-made, waterproof, easy-going, breathtaking, aggressive, deserted, overgrown, overcrowded, cunning, picturesque, arrogant, long-lasting, spoilt, automatic, accurate, artificial.

Ex. 20. Выберите слово с нужным по смыслу префиксом  или суффиксом.

1. I know Jim Kerry is very popular but I find him totally childish / childlike. 2. I couldn’t work out whom the letter was from. The signature was childish / childlike. 3. Sarah is so childish / childlike. She always plays trick on her friends. 4. It was wonderful to watch the tiny lambs playing. I got such childish / childlike pleasure from the experience. 5. Sophie is extremely sensitive / sensible at the moment. Anything you say seems to upset her. 6. Karen is not a very sensitive / sensible person. She wore high-heeled shoes for our four-mile walk. 7. I’ve never known her to tell a lie. She’s a very true / truthful person. 8. I can never watch sad films that are based on true / truthful a story. They always make me cry. 9. Susan is so intolerable / intolerant of other people. She never accepts anyone else’s opinion, and she always thinks she knows best. 10. I find Mark’s behaviour intolerable / intolerant. It’s unfair to be so selfish. 11. We’re having an economic / economical crisis at the moment. James has lost his job and I don’t know how we are going to pay the rent. 12. It’s more economic  / economical to drive slowly. You can do a lot more miles to the gallop.

Ex. 21. Подберите к каждой тройке слов такое, чтобы с его помощью образовать составные существительные, используйте слова: board, green, paper, book, birthday, blood, rain, site, road, sports, ice, water, day, night, hand, case, sun, bag.

Например: camp…, building…, bomb… – campsite, building site, bomb-site.

1. …test, …pressure, …donor. 2. …fall, …melon, …skiing. 3. …house, …grocer, …salad. 4. …club, …mare, …shift. 5. brief…, suit…, book… . 6. paper…, plastic…, shoulder… . 7. …bow, …coat, …drop. 8. …shine, …rise, …set. 9. …works, …sign, …rage. 10. black…, floor…, notice… . 11. …light, …break, …dream. 12. …shake, …writing, …book. 13. …cube, …berg, …rink. 14. …cake, …present, …card. 15. …scape, …lady, …slide. 16. …car, …center, …ground. 17. address…, visitor’s…, note… .

Ex. 22. Дополните предложения сложными существительными в скобках (это могут быть и составные существительные, и существительные в притяжательном падеже в простой или аналитической форме).

1. Your coat is on the … (back, chair). 2. You’ve just spilt the … (milk, cat). 3. Can you buy some … (paper, toilet). 4. I never listened to my … (advise, parents). 5. Can you buy a … (wine, bottle) to have with supper? 6. What did that … (road, sigh) say? Did you see it? 7. It’s such a mess in here. There are empty … (wine, bottles) everywhere. 8. The … (Prime Minister, duties) include entertaining heads of the state. 9. The … (my shoe, heel) has come off. 10. Can I borrow your … (brush, hair)? 11. What happened at the … (film, end)? 12. Here is … (today, news). 13. Where is the nearest … (Metro, station)? 14. It’s my … (anniversary, parents, wedding) next week. 15. The … (company, success) is due to its efficiency. 16. I’ve got a … (fortnight, holiday) next month. 17. The … (government, economic policy) is confusing. 18. My children go to the local … (school, state). 19. The annual … (rate, inflation) is about 4 percent. 20. Are there any … (coffee, cups) in your bedroom? There are none in the kitchen. 21. Do you want a … (coffee, cup)?

Ex. 22. Заполните пропуски глаголом или существительным: advice – to advise, use – to use, abuse – to abuse, belief – to believe, relief – to relieve, grief – grieve, excuse – to excuse, breath – to breathe, half – to halve, house – to house, safe – to save, bath – to bathe.

1. It is my personal … that this man is innocent. 2. Let me listen to your chest. Take a deep … and say “Ah”. 3. You should put your valuables in the … .  4. Drug … is a terrible problem all over the world. 5. I know it isn’t good for my skin, but I love sun … . 6. I’ve been so worried about you! It’s such a … to see you at last! 7. “What are we going to do with this cake?” “Cut it in two. You take … and I’ll take … .” 8. Can you show me how to … this new coffee machine? 9. The refugees are … in temporary accommodation. 10. She apologizes for her behavior, and said it was because she’d had a busy day, but that’s no … for breaking all the plates. 11. People need time to … after the death of someone they love. 12. Take my … . Never marry for money. Marry for love.

Ex. 22. Напишите слово противоположное по значению, используя префикс

Kind, honest, credible, appear, fair, equal, pleased, continue, fasten, normal, employed, friendly, trust, professional, known, cover, safe, use, probable, important, emotional.

1. I unexpectedly met my old friend Natalie at a metro station in Paris. I recognised her at once though we hadn’t seen each other for ten years. Now she works as a ________REPORT__________ for Le Figaro newspaper. Our _________FRIEND_________ began when we were at school. After school, Natalie left Britain. French was her favourite subject and she went to university in Paris. Now she is a very _________SUCCESS_________ journalist. Her life is busy and exciting. I was _________LUCK_________ that she managed to find some time for me. Natalie made my visit to Paris _________FORGETTABLE_________. She took me to the most interesting places in the city. In the evening we watched a performance at The Grand Opera House. It is one of the most ________FAME________ Opera Houses in the world.

2. Have you heard of a Tadeus Bodnar? He is a _________FAME_________ Hungarian hairdresser. Not long ago he stopped using the _________TRADITION_________ scissors and comb. Now his instruments are axes, irons and vacuum cleaners. Now he is very _________SUCCESS_________ and happy because with his innovative techniques he can express himself better. He cuts hair in his shop in Budapest by chopping it with an axe. Then he styles the hair using a vacuum cleaner, or straightens it with an iron. It’s difficult to believe but the extravagant hairdresser is very popular. Many people find him very _________CREATE_________. Every day there’s an ________END__________ line of people streaming to his shop. They wish to change their ________APPEAR__________ and have a thrilling, new experience.

3. There are pills for everything. If you can’t sleep you take a pill. If you’re depressed or just _________HAPPY_________, you also can take a pill. These days scientists are developing a new pill that you can use for improving your ________FIT__________. It will have the same effect on people’s bodies as doing sports. The ________SCIENCE__________ experiments on mice have given wonderful results. The animals got stronger and healthier without any exercise. However, some doctors think that such pills can be ________DANGER__________ for health, especially in certain situations. The problem is that there will be people who may use the pill unwisely. For example, young girls who want to lose weight and get slim may take several pills at once. It will be very _________HARM_________ for their health. That’s why our government should think a lot before making the ________DECIDE__________ that allows the medicine to be produced.

4. Last spring my best friend Isabelle and I booked a holiday in Venice. We rented a small apartment for a week with a _________WONDER_________ view of the town. At the last moment another friend, Linda, asked if she could come with us. She was a _________FRIEND_________, cheerful girl and we were glad to have her join us. Venice was a _________FANTASY_________ place and we enjoyed our trip greatly. Linda was fond of history and she told us lots of ________INTEREST__________ facts about the town. We also liked the Italian food very much. The waiter in the nearby pizzeria was a boy from Britain, so we never had any problems with _________COMMUNICATE_________. The only _________PLEASANT_________ thing about Venice was the weather. It was unusually cold and windy that week.

5. Learning languages is becoming a popular hobby with children and adults. It’s not only interesting but very _________USE_________, too. Foreign languages improve memory and develop ________IMAGINE__________. People who are able to speak two or more languages _________FLUENT_________ are usually more successful than their monolingual colleagues. They are better in making business and _________PERSON_________ contacts. They are more _________CREATE_________ and they are better in solving conflicts as they are able to accept new ideas and different points of view. Foreign languages make life more _________INTEREST_________ and colourful.

6. My first job was working at a bakery. When I walked from my house to the bakery I could smell the _________WONDER_________ fresh bread. I loved it. I worked ________DAY__________ after school and at weekends. It made about twenty hours a week. One of the most _________FANTASY_________ things about the bakery was that I could eat all I wanted there. I couldn’t stop eating the fresh buns, rolls and cakes. They were so ________TASTE__________. Mrs. Bradley, the _________OWN_________ of the bakery, was a very nice woman. She had no children and she treated me like her own granddaughter. I liked her too and did my best to be as ________HELP_________as possible.

7. Thousands of tourists visit Edinburgh every year. The capital of Scotland is ________FAME__________ for its history and architecture. It’s one of the ________CULTURE__________ centres of the country. The main _________ATTRACT_________ of the city is Edinburgh Castle. It was built in the 12th century but it still looks magnificent and very _________IMPRESS_________. There are many historic monuments in Edinburgh. One of them is an unusual monument to Walter Scott, a well-known _________WRITE_________. The city streets are usually full of noisy tourists with cameras but if you want a quiet holiday, you can have it too — the beautiful and ________PEACE__________ countryside is just round the corner.

8. Siem Reap is a small town in Cambodia, a country in southeast Asia. It is built around a ________FAME__________ cathedral. The town is charming with some fine examples of French colonial architecture. A legend says that a French _________WRITE_________ once called the town “a pearl of Cambodia”. Nowadays, this town is quite popular with tourists. They often use it as a starting point for their _________EXCITE_________ travellings. The town is really remarkable. There you will find some _________IMPRESS_________ stone monuments and statues, ancient buildings and picturesque ruins. Note that it’s _________USUAL_________ hot there in the summer. Please ensure that you take _________COMFORT_________ walking shoes, light clothing and plenty of water to drink.

9. The city of St Davids is situated on the south-west coast of Wales. If you’re looking for an _________USUAL_________ place to go, this is your destination. It was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II but in reality St Davids looks like an ________ATTRACT__________ small village. It is actually the smallest city in Britain with a _________POPULATE_________ of just over 1,600. St Davids has a _________BEAUTY_________ medieval cathedral which dates back to the 12th century. Today it is a _________CHARM_________ place with narrow streets filled with cafes, hotels and art galleries – but only one pub! St Davids is famous for its sandy beaches and clear water. Whitesands Bay is a regular _________WIN_________ of the prestigious European Blue Flag award.

10. People travel a lot nowadays. Planes are considered to be the most _________COMFORT_________ means of transport but for some people airports can be a nightmare. There are _________END_________ queues when you check in and you waste lots of time if your flight is delayed. However, there are some airports where you can _________ACTUAL_________ enjoy yourself. For example, you’ll never be bored at Hong Kong’s international airport. There are thousands of people from _________DIFFER_________ countries here but the passengers never experience any problems because everything is well organised. There are attendants in red coats, who help you to get from one place to another. It’s very good for people with no sense of _________DIRECT_________. The attendants are always very polite and ________HELP__________.

11. Axel is a 9-year-old Bulgarian orphan (сирота). He was adopted by a ________WEALTH__________ western family. His new father works as a ________BANK__________ in Sweden and he is quite rich. Axel _________REGULAR_________ wrote e-mails to the director of the orphanage, Jane Smitova. He told her that he was saving his Christmas and birthday money to help his friends. Axel said that he wanted the money to be spent on presents for his former playmates. Later Jane said “I understood that _________FRIEND_________ meant a lot to a small boy but I would never have imagined that Axel could be talking about such an _________POSSIBLE_________ sum of money. It’s so touching and we are going to spend it in a very _________CARE_________ way.» The boy saved £6,000.

12. Last year my friend Mia and I went on holiday to Thailand. We stayed in a _________FAME_________ resort which is popular with tourists. We were very _________LUCK_________ with the weather and we spent most of our days on the beach. The ocean was ________FANTASY__________ – the water was clear and warm. Thailand is a former French colony and that’s why French is very popular there. Mia was delighted with this fact because she learns French, she wants to be a _________TEACH_________ of French, and she was able to practise the language there. She is also interested in architecture and she found some fine examples of the French colonial style in Thailand. It was an _________FORGETTABLE_________ trip for me too. I am a photographer and I took lots of pictures of people and nature. Several magazines found my photos ________INTEREST__________ enough to publish. I feel very proud of that.

13. Ratatouille is an American cartoon. The name of the cartoon comes from a ________TRADITION_________ French dish made of vegetables. The main character is a rat Remy, who is interested in cooking and dreams of becoming a _________SUCCESS_________ chef. Remy is separated from his family at the ________BEGIN__________ of the movie. So he finds himself in Paris, France. There his unusual _________FRIEND_________ with a poor boy begins. They both don’t care that most people hate rats and try to get rid of them. Remy wants to help the boy. He tries to teach him how to cook _________TASTE_________ dishes. The story ends ________HAPPY__________ and the friends start a new restaurant.

14. Many tourists find they don’t like staying in city hotels. They prefer to avoid ________NOISE__________ cities completely. They are attracted instead to dramatic views of mountains and _________PEACE_________ valleys. If you like this sort of tourism, Mountain View Camp is for you. You’ll have an _________FORGETTABLE_________ vacation there. The Camp has a view over the ________IMPRESS__________ Hampson Valley. In the camp, tourists can rent either tents or bungalows. All the guests have free access to different facilities such as kitchens, bathrooms and playgrounds for children. The camp is a successful _________COMBINE_________ of both comfort and a green environment. The tourists can also have lunch in one of the many restaurants and try European or _________NATION_________ cuisine.

15. The best thing about shopping in London is that there really are hundreds of cool shops selling _________FASHION_________ clothes. Only here you can find a wide choice of _________ORIGIN_________ and unique shops. Sometimes you can buy _________FANTASY_________ things there. You can spend a whole day in a shopping centre, have lunch in one of the European or ________ENGLAND__________ restaurants, see a new film in the cinema and even enjoy a ________PERFORM__________. But be _________СARE_________ – London shops are expensive! Don’t leave all your money in the shopping centre.

16. How do people learn the news? About a century ago people got _________INFORM_________ from newspapers since they were the only mass media that existed in those times. Radio and television seemed ________WONDER__________ inventions as they broadcasted audio and visual images. The Internet has changed the situation dramatically. Now the audience has an opportunity to create the news, share their _______PERSON_________ knowledge and express their opinions. The Internet supposes interaction, which makes it very ________ATTRACT__________ to people. And what about the newspapers? Will they _________APPEAR_________ in the near future? I wish they wouldn’t as I like starting my day with a cup of coffee and a _________TRADITION_________ newspaper.

17. In Andorra people live longer than in any other European country. It seems they have discovered the secret of a long and _________HEALTH_________ life. People in Andorra stay active and _________ENERGY_________ at old age. They attend gyms and public _________SWIM_________ pools for free. Exercise is one reason, the others are clean air and a diet based on vegetables and olive oil. People of all ages in Andorra are cheerful and ________FRIEND__________. They think that life is ________FANTASY__________ and they do their best to enjoy it. Andorra is the most _________PEACE_________ country in Europe – they haven’t had a war for 700 years.

18. What do you think is the most stressful and ________DANGER__________ job in Britain? Is it a police officer, a detective or a news _________REPORT_________? Well, statistics say it is a London taxi driver. It is a ________REAL__________ hard job as traffic is getting worse. If we sit in a traffic jam for a few minutes, we start feeling _________NERVE_________ and irritated. But imagine you had to do that every day as your job! And you have to remain _________CARE_________ and attentive in spite of everything. London taxi drivers have to have a good memory to be able to take a _________TRAVEL_________ from A to B without looking at the map or asking for directions.

19. Dublin is the capital city of the Republic of Ireland. It has an ________NATIONAL__________ airport with flights from London and European capitals. Dublin is a _________BEAUTY_________ and cosmopolitan city. If you walk along its different central streets, you will find a wide range of _______DIFFER_______ shops, bars and restaurants. If you like sightseeing, you can also visit the famous Dublin castle, one of the most _________IMPRESS_________ buildings in the city. Dublin is a green city. It is such a pleasure to walk there on a hot _________SUN_________ day. In the evening you can listen to _________TRADITION_________ Irish music played in the streets and in the pubs.

20. Ballroom dancing in the UK is making a comeback. For the past five years the popularity of ballroom dancing has grown thanks to the TV show ‘Strictly Come Dancing’. In the show a professional ballroom _________DANCE_________ has a celebrity for a partner. They learn ________DIFFER__________ ballroom dances and perform them live on TV. Four judges and the public decide who stays in the _________COMPETE_________ and who leaves. The show demonstrates how glamorous ballroom dancing is. The celebrities wear _________COLOUR_________ dresses and suits and the show looks very ________IMPRESS__________. According to the ratings, the ________PERFORM__________ is becoming more and more popular with TV audiences.

21. Can people live without friends? Most of us would say «no». Friends make our lives enjoyable and _________INTEREST_________. Friendship is something you can’t buy. It is a _________WONDER_________ and valuable gift. It is _________POSSIBLE_________ to live without people who care for you and who are always ready to help. However, to find a true friend is not easy. Friendship requires honesty, trust and _________KIND_________. Being a friend means not only having fun together but helping each other in a difficult ________SITUATE__________. A true friend not only praises you but tells you when you are not right too. If you have already found such a person, you’re ________LUCK__________.

22. People spend hours talking on their mobile phones. There is an opinion that it may be ________HARM__________ to their health, but it is difficult to know for sure. Some research shows that mobile phones may cause brain problems. On the other hand, some doctors say mobiles are not ________DANGER__________ at all. No matter what doctors say, it’s just _________POSSIBLE_________ to live without a mobile phone today. It has become a very ________USE__________ device and people can’t do without it. It makes our life _________COMFORT_________ and saves time. People can get in touch with each other quickly. Mobile phones make _________COMMUNICATE_________ easier.

23. People are afraid of lots of things. There are many _________DIFFER_________ kinds of fears called phobias. They affect at least a quarter of the _________POPULATE_________. The _________TRADITION_________ treatment for people with strong phobias is some kind of therapy. In most cases it doesn’t work but doctors still believe that phobias can be cured. ________RECENT__________ they have discovered a drug which can help people to overcome their phobias. It doesn’t work for everybody but when it does, it is very ________EFFECT__________. People, who take the pill feel much better – most of their fears ________APPEAR__________.

24. British cuisine is simple. Puddings, stews, pies and breads are _________TRADITION_________ British dishes. Many of them are cooked and eaten on holidays. The choice of dishes has been influenced by the climate, history and _________GEOGRAPHY_________ position of the country. England is _________FAME_________ for its butter and cheese. The most popular of them is, of course, cheddar. Scotland is known for its _________TASTE_________ meat dishes and cakes. Wales has a strong fishing culture. As a result, Welsh cookery includes a lot of seafood, such as shrimps and crabs. However, nowadays most British restaurants offer food from _________DIFFER_________ parts of the world. The choice depends only on your pocketbook and your ________IMAGINE__________.

25. Every year the world goes dark for one hour, the Earth Hour. The event is organised by the ________NATION__________ World Wildlife Fund. At tourist destinations, in offices and private homes, lights are switched off for one hour at _________EXACT_________ 8:00 pm. The idea is to show that our planet is in danger and it needs care and _________PROTECT_________. It’s ________POSSIBLE__________ to remain indifferent to changes in the climate which go on and on. The Earth Hour is not about saving an hour’s electricity. It’s about realising that we live on a _________WONDER_________ planet and need to look after it – not just for an hour a year but every day. The Earth Hour is a part of an _________ECOLOGY_________ education whose aim is to make people understand their responsibility to the planet.

26. Reading is one of the most popular pastimes and books are one of the main sources of knowledge. Everyone knows this but, _________FORTUNATELY_________, there are many young people who don’t like to read. They say it is not cool but I firmly _________AGREE_________ with them. Books have the ability to take you to another world, to wake up your _________IMAGINE_________ and transport you to places you’ve never been to. Books can be ________DIFFER__________ in size and content. Their stories can be ________EXCITE__________, scary, romantic or funny but above all, books are just interesting. I’m absolutely sure that books by a good _________WRITE_________ will always be popular.

27. Millions of people want to learn English. There are lots of _________DIFFER_________ methods and the main problem is how to choose the best one. Some people believe that the most _________EFFECT_________ way is to study English in Britain or in any other English-speaking country. The advantage of going to Britain seems obvious. Everyone around you speaks English. It’s practically _________POSSIBLE_________ to avoid communication, so you’ll learn English _________QUICK_________. On the other hand, one can learn English at home. There are lots of possibilities there too: a good _________TEACH_________, a language school or an on-line course. There are many ways to get a good language _________EDUCATE_________ now.

28. If someone asks what your nationality is, how do you answer? For British people _________NATION_________ identity is a complex issue. Take me for example. I carry a passport issued by the British _________GOVERN_________. I was born in England, but my Mum is Scottish and my Granny is from Northern Ireland. So what am I? _________ACTUAL_________, I am really all of them: English, Irish, Scottish and British. Each of the “nations” has a lot in common but they also have their own unique culture and _________TRADITION_________ lifestyle. They _________LIKE_________ it when people call them English. And perhaps the most important _________DIFFER_________ of all – each nation has its own football team!

29. The Turners were not used to snow. The most they ever got in Birmingham was an inch or so each winter. Even that happened quite _________RARE_________. The _________FUN_________ thing was that a tiny bit of snow was enough to cancel school and even to close some businesses. One night, in March of 1993, something very _________EXCITE_________ happened. Very cold air from Canada created the «Storm of the Century». When the Turner kids woke up on Saturday morning, there were 17 inches of ________WONDER_________ snow as far as the eye could see. The Turners were in shock. They had no idea what to do. Though Mr. Turner was an experienced _________DRIVE_________ he chose to leave his car in the garage. He wanted the whole family to stay at home but it was natural for the kids to _________AGREE_________ with him. They put on the warmest clothes they had and ran outside to enjoy the snow.

30. London is famous for its history and its sights. It is also a wonderful place for shopaholics. There are lots of _________DIFFER_________ places to go. For example, you can go to Oxford Street. Sometimes it gets too ________CROWD__________ and noisy, especially during the sales. If you don’t like it, go to Covent Garden. There you can have a _________LOVE_________ cup of tea or a cappuccino in a quiet coffee house. You can also watch a street _________PERFORM_________. Portobello Road is the right place to go if you want to buy unique and _________USUAL_________ things. Shopping in London is always an ________EXCITE_________ experience and it’s worth trying.

31. Piranhas are South American fish. There are lots of scary stories about them. Most people think that piranhas are very _________DANGER_________ creatures. However, a _________SCIENCE_________ from St Andrews University, Anne Magurran, has recently announced that to call piranhas cruel killers is not fair. They _________USUAL_________ eat fish, plants and insects. According to Professor Anne Magurran, piranhas attack people and animals only when they want to defend themselves. However, most travellers strongly ________AGREE__________ with this point of view. They recommend keeping away from the water where piranhas live. When the fish attack in groups, it is practically _________POSSIBLE_________ to survive. Whatever your opinion of piranhas, this is a ________USE__________ piece of advice one should follow.

32. Dr Michael Werner says that he has eaten nothing for four years. The German _________SCIENCE_________ explains that he gets all his energy from sunlight. He says he drinks only water and ________DIFFER__________ fruit juices. Dr Werner has written an _________EXCITE_________ book about his experiences. In it he says that when he started the experiment he even put on weight.

He says: «I can’t really give an ________EXPLAIN_________ of what’s happening to me; perhaps I just believe in my theory.»

Dr Werner’s colleagues say that only plants can produce energy from the sun, and they cannot explain how he is able to stay ________HEALTH_________.

“This case ,_________PROBABLE_________, needs a lot more research before we will be able to explain it,” they say.

33. What is the largest animal on the planet? My uncle says that it’s the blue whale. He is a ______SCIENCE______ and knows a lot about them. The blue whale is an endangered animal, nowadays, people protect whales. ______FORTUNATE______, They study these ______BEAUTY______ animals instead of killing them. Blue whales are not ______DANGER______ to people. It’s ______BELIEVABLE______ but these huge whales eat plankton – small plants and animals.

34. Dolphins are ______WONDER______ animals.

They are clever and ______FRIEND______, and they don’t mind playing with people.

My father is a ______SCIENCE______ and he has heard how dolphins speak their own language.

Dolphin ______COMMUNICATE______ differs from ours, but scientists hope that soon we’ll be able to understand each other.

The dolphins are ______PROBABLE______ studying us too!

35. Life on the planet would be ______POSSIBLE______ without water.

To be strong and ______HEALTH______ a person should drink enough fresh water every day. We need water for cooking, washing and producing goods.

My uncle, who is a ______FARM______, says that he waters the vegetables, beans and other crops a lot in dry weather.

______FORTUNATELY______, fresh water resources on the Earth are limited.

We should be ______CARE______ and not waste it.

36. My parents want me to go to university but I’m not sure that I want to. When I was a small child, there were lots of ______DIFFER______ toys in our house, but I preferred the cars.

I dreamed of being a ______DRIVE______.

To me, it’s the most ______INTEREST______ job in the world.

My parents ______USUAL______ understand me

and I hope they approve of my ______DECIDE______ to put off university and get a job.

37. When I was a small child, we often went to the circus. I loved the ______FUN______ clowns and the motorbike ride in the globe.

The boy who did the riding seemed only a bit older than me. He performed the trick very ______CAREFUL______.

I certainly thought that it was extremely ______DANGER______, anyway. I applauded the ______BIKE______ loudly and dreamt about riding my own motorbike.

______FORTUNATELY______, my parents had a different opinion about getting a motorbike and refused to buy one for me.

38. I like reading and watching films about animals and wildlife. I saw a TV series about polar bears recently. These ______WONDER______ animals live in the northern Arctic. It’s ______BELIEVABLE______, but they feel very ______COMFORT______ in freezing cold weather. A polar bear is a very good ______HUNT______ – it dives into the cold ocean water to hunt seals.

______FORTUNATELY______, global warming is very dangerous for polar bears. They may die out if the temperature rises too high.

39. I do sports ______REGULAR______ Life is impossible without motion and people can’t live if they are not active. I’ve been into sports since my childhood.

When I was seven, a karate ______TEACH______, who trained my elder brother, said that I should

exercise a lot to look sporty and ______ATHLET______.

He was right – I was too fat and looked HEALTHY.

______FORTUNATE______, my parents and I followed his advice and now I’m quite happy with the way I look and feel.

40. Most people prefer travelling by air, but I like trains. A train is slower, but it’s more ______COMFORT______.

My parents think so too. Our longest journey lasted for three days. It was ______EXCITE______ as we went past beautiful places.

The other passenger in our compartment was a geologist, which means he was also a professional ______TRAVEL______.

He told us about his expeditions. He also said that ______FRIEND______ is the most valuable thing in the world.

______FORTUNATELY______, we didn’t exchange phone numbers and we don’t know where he’s now.

41. People don’t read much nowadays, but I like reading. I like books about adventures, love and ______FRIEND______.

I can’t say who my favourite ______WRITE______ is – there are so many.

Most of my friends prefer watching the TV version of a book to reading it. They say it’s more ______INTEREST______.

I strongly ______AGREE______ with them.

I’m absolutely sure that books develop our ______IMAGINE______ much better than any film can do.

42. It all started in 1865. A group of Frenchmen were having dinner in one of the most _________FASHION_________ restaurants near Paris. They talked about the democratic changes in the USA and wanted to support the American people. After a short _________DISCUSS_________ they agreed on an original idea. The idea was suggested by Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, a sculptor and ________DESIGN_________. He said they could make a statue of a woman holding the torch of freedom. It was an ambitious project and it was _________POSSIBLE_________ to complete it quickly. It actually took 21 years for this idea to become a reality. The French people raised money to build the statue, and, _________FINAL_________, in 1886 it was ready. On July 4, 1886 the United States received their _________AMAZE_________ gift — the Statue of Liberty!

43. Choosing a career is one of the most difficult choices we have to make in our lives. There are lots of interesting and _________EXCITE_________ professions, but which of them is the right choice for you? Researchers who work in _________EDUCATE_________ and sociology asked people across the UK what their dream job would be. And the results were quite _________EXPECTED_________. According to the survey, people find modest jobs like charity work or gardening the most _________ATTRACT_________. Often at the top of their list are jobs such as a nurse or a _________TEACH_________. The study also shows that people in the UK are very _________PRACTICE_________ and focus on dream jobs they have a realistic chance of getting.

44. Yoga is a very popular activity and lots of people practise it nowadays. There is an opinion, however, that to be _________SUCCESS_________ in this activity you should start yoga in early childhood. This is not true! You can start yoga at any time in your life. What you really need is enthusiasm and a good ________TRAIN__________ – yogis often call them a guru. Yoga is not a _________COMPETE_________. You can choose any pace that is ________COMFORT__________ for you. The aim is not to win but to make your body flexible and strong. It’s definitely _________POSSIBLE_________ to improve your body in a few days. It may take lots of time but it’s worth the time and effort. Yoga is an _________EFFECT_________ way to relax your mind. It is useful not only for your body, but for your mind, too.

45. At school, writing essays was a real problem for me, and my grades were always low. _________NATURAL_________ enough, I didn’t like writing and tried to avoid writing lessons at all costs. I thought I didn’t have enough _________IMAGINE_________ for any kind of writing. I only understood what my problem was after school. In a _________SCIENCE_________ journal I saw an article about children’s writing problems. The author claimed that anyone could become a good ________WRITE__________ if they learned some rules. I read and reread the article several times. Then I tried to use the information in practice. I have never become a professional journalists but from time to time I publish some pieces of my _________CREATE_________ writing on my blog. My friends find these essays and stories very ________ENJOY__________.

46. Olivia got a camera for her birthday. Her family was going on a trip to Washington D.C. and Olivia wanted to take pictures of the _________WONDER_________ places she would see. The first place where they stopped was a sandy beach. Olivia took pictures of the ocean and the _________NOISE_________ seagulls. The birds seemed to enjoy being photographed, but it was _________POSSIBLE_________ to go too close to them. Olivia had to take pictures from a distance. Next, the family moved on to the centre of Washington D.C. Olivia’s heart was beating with ________EXCITE__________. She got great shots of the White House, the Capitol and some other _________FAME_________ buildings. _________FINAL_________, it was time to head home. Olivia thought about how her friends would be surprised to see her pictures.

47. The 5th of November is Guy Fawkes Night. This holiday is also known as Bonfire Night as lighting bonfires is an essential part of the ________CELEBRATE__________. _________NATURAL_________, it’s one of the favourite holidays for children – they simply can’t miss the firework display. Most parents allow their children to stay outdoors till late at night. It would be _________FAIR_________ to make them stay at home when the sky is lit up with colours. However, children should never be left on their own — bonfires and fireworks are potentially ________DANGER__________. Emergency reports say the number of people needing medical care increases on this night. Some of them have been _________CARE_________ with fire. In spite of the excitement, the children may also catch a cold on this November night. Warm jumpers, coats and gloves are more ________USE__________ than ever.

48. Last year, I became a volunteer in a charity shop. It was an _________USUAL_________ job for me — I had never been involved with charities. Our shop raised money to provide medical care for anyone suffering from any ________ILL__________. The job was not easy but I enjoyed it very much. All my colleagues were very helpful. Their _________FRIEND_________ and support meant a lot to me. Andrew, my boss and _________MANAGE_________, was a smart and well-organized person. He kept saying that we had no right to be indifferent or ________CARE__________ because people’s lives depended on us. Working in the charity shop, I have met some very interesting people and have learnt a lot of practical skills. Volunteering has equipped me with experience which I’m sure will be _________USE_________ for my future.

49. Last year I decided to take an English course in Britain. When I called the language school, the _________MANAGE_________ explained to me everything about the school and the courses. They had an _________IMPRESS_________ range of courses — for all levels and ages. As for the accommodation, there were two options: staying in a student hostel or living with a host family. Naturally enough, I wanted to choose the _________NATIONAL_________ community of the hostel. However, because of my parents’ strong _________AGREEMENT_________ with my choice, I had to stay with the host family. And I didn’t regret it! My host family was ________WONDER__________. They told me a lot about their country and were very curious about mine. We talked a lot and when I came back home, I could speak English ______FLUENT______!

50. I arrived in Liverpool in the afternoon. It was a _________RAIN_________ day but the weather couldn’t spoil my excellent mood – I was in Liverpool! Many people associate this city with the _________FAME_________ musical band, the Beatles.

It’s true, the Beatles are everywhere, but today it’s also _________POSSIBLE_________ to imagine Liverpool without its other great passion: football! The city is home to two teams: Liverpool and Everton. Everton is older and was more _________SUCCESS_________ in the past, but since the 1990s it has been Liverpool’s time to shine. I’ve been Liverpool’s _________SUPPORT_________ since I was a small boy. The team is based at the Anfield stadium. I have watched games there twice. It was very _________EXCITE_________ and it was one of the most important memories of my childhood.

51. Last year I learnt Spanish in Barcelona. Spain is an _________AMAZE_________ country and I enjoyed my time there very much. My flatmates were two girls from Germany. They were nice but _________COMMUNICATE_________ was a real problem for us because I didn’t speak German and they didn’t speak English, my first language. Sometimes we felt absolutely ________HELP__________ because we were not able to understand each other. However, it gave us additional motivation to learn Spanish! Very soon my teacher told me that I was speaking it _________FLUENT_________. He was happy with my progress. My flatmates’ grades were _________IMPRESS_________ too! It proved that practice is very important and if you want to speak a foreign language like a native _________SPEAK_________, you should practise it a lot.

52. Sam went to the giant aquarium near his house at least three times a week. He liked the fish and crabs, but the most _________WONDER_________ creatures there were sharks. Sam could watch them for hours. He took photos through the glass and collected _________INFORM_________ about them. It surprised him how fast a massive shark could be. Before the aquarium opened, Sam thought it was ________POSSIBLE__________ for sharks to be so quick and graceful. He knew that sharks were _________DANGER_________ but they seldom attacked people. Many people, however, had hunted them and sharks had become endangered. _________FORTUNATE_________, now there were laws protecting sharks. In the future, Sam wanted to be a _________SCIENCE_________ and study sharks in the wild.

53. There is a popular opinion that all children are talented. It’s true — children are curious and have a good _________IMAGINE_________. It helps them make _________AMAZE_________ things from very routine objects like stones, leaves, or strips of fabric. Coloured paper, watercolours and pencils stimulate their _________CREATE_________ minds a lot too! However, sometimes parents may _________APPROVE_________ of their children’s artistic activities like drawing on the walls and indoor experiments with fireworks. But _________PUNISH_________ is not a good solution! Any art activity develops children’s brains and stimulates their ability in science. Be _________CARE_________ with your children’s natural talents. Never stop them doing an activity but instead create an appropriate and safe environment for it.

54. Recently my neighbour Michael Wilkins got a job in sales. However, soon he found out that being a sales _________MANAGE_________ did not make him happy. He had to work long hours, and the job was _________STRESS_________ and demanding. The atmosphere in the office was very _________FRIENDLY_________ and the workers often quarreled with each other. So Michael decided to look for a more ________ATTRACT__________ job. In the local newspaper, he saw an _________ADVERTISE_________ from a pizzeria. It was close to his house and they needed a waiter. Michael decided to apply and didn’t regret it.

“It’s good to feed people. I enjoy seeing them smile – it’s important, isn’t it?” Michael says.

Next week he’s going to take a cooking course. On completing it, he will be able to make _________TASTE_________ pizzas himself!

55. Jenny doesn’t have many friends, but she has lots of books. Jenny likes fantasy stories best. She has a rich ________IMAGINE__________ which takes her to magical lands. Jenny often feels like she is a part of the story. She enjoys being in someone else’s shoes, living in an _________ABSOLUTE_________ different world. When reading, Jenny may turn into a princess or become a mountain _________EXPLORE_________. She can see _________FANTASY_________ creatures and amazing places with her own eyes. Books are ideal friends for Jenny. They are entertaining and helpful. They can give her some _________PRACTICE_________ advice when she needs it and keep quiet when she doesn’t want to communicate. Books never _________AGREE_________ with her and they never argue.

56. Father’s Day in the UK is on the third Sunday in June. We enjoy this day very much and always arrange a _________CELEBRATE_________ at home. Our dad deserves it – he is the most _________AMAZE_________ person I’ve ever met. He works as a train _________DRIVE_________ and he loves his job, though it takes time and energy. He cannot spend lots of time with us, but when he is at home, we have a _________FANTASY_________ time all together. Dad is a very _________CREATE_________ person and often invents new games for us. There are three children in our family and we always prepare a present for our dad together. Last time it was a large, _________COLOUR_________ book about the history of trains. The book starts with the invention of the first train and tells the whole story of the railway up to the present day.

57. The Grand National is a horse race which is held every year in Liverpool. This _________COMPETE_________ involves a four-mile race, during which the horses have to go over 30 fences. The most _________FAME_________ horse in the Grand National was called ‘Red Rum’. He was the _________WIN_________ of the race three times during the 1970s. The race is not only a sporting event but a _________FASHION_________ social event too. Men and women wear beautiful clothes, and the tickets to the race are very ________EXPENSE__________. The Grand National is broadcast all over the world and around 500 to 600 million people watch it. However, though there are lots of horse racing fans, many people think it’s _________FAIR_________ and cruel to make the animals race and jump for people’s entertainment.

58. I’ve worked in an office for many years. It’s a very _________STRESS_________ job and recently I’ve taken up a new hobby — gardening. My grandmother was a very good _________GARDEN_________. She never did gardening as a job but for pleasure and ________ENTERTAIN__________. She had the so-called “green fingers” — the flowers and fruit trees she planted grew very _________QUICK_________. I wish I were as skillful as she was. It’s a pity my family does not share my interest in gardening. My children _________LIKE_________ working outdoors. They prefer using the computer indoors. I don’t argue with them. Arguing and quarrelling makes me feel _________NERVE_________ and unhappy but cannot change the situation. I hope one day they will join me in the garden.

59. Lots of companies do business online. They sell goods and services, or provide _________INFORM_________ to the general public. Doing business online is less _________EXPENSE_________ and more convenient than running a traditional business, with offices and lots of employees. Surprisingly enough, there are lots of very young people among online businessmen. In spite of their age, they are quite _________SUCCESS_________ and professional. For example, Ben Collins started his own online company when he was _________REAL_________ young. He was only 17. He says, “My business is ________NATIONAL__________ — we work with people from different countries. In a real office, some people would _________AGREE_________ that someone of my age could be a boss, but when I work online, nobody cares how old I am.”

60. My mum enjoys gardening and I like helping her. Mum says that my grandfather was a ______FARM______ and that he loved working with the earth. He was a nice and ___FRIEND___ person, because nature always makes people better. ______FORTUNATELY______, I didn’t know him as he died before I was born. We grow ______BEAUTY______ flowers and fruit trees. We have some garden furniture – a wooden table and four ______COMFORT______ chairs. The neighbours often come round, and we have outdoor tea parties.

61. I love music. Since my childhood.

I’ve played many ______DIFFER______ musical instruments: the piano, the guitar, and even the drums.

My music ______TEACH______ sometimes says that I have a gift for music, and I hope she’s right.

______RECENT______, I’ve joined our school band and we are going to take part in a modern music concert.

We are also invited to participate in the city music ___COMPETE__ in June.

It is a great chance for a young band but, ___FORTUNATELY__, we will not be able to play there. June is our exam time and we’ll have to focus on our studies.

We went to France last weekend to visit my grandma. She lives in the countryside in a nice ______TRADITION______ house. I like her house very much. There’s old wooden furniture in the rooms and ______WONDER______ pictures on the walls. Grandma has a large ______COLLECT______ of old pictures. Some of them were painted by an ____ART___ who lived next door to her. He was very talented but, ______FORTUNATELY______, he died young and didn’t become famous.

62. Mum wants to buy a new sofa for the sitting room. So, yesterday, we went to the largest furniture store in the city. Mum’s friend, who is a ___DESIGN___, recommended that store as the best in the city.

However, we didn’t buy anything because Mum couldn’t make a ______DECIDE______ about what she liked best. There were sofas in ______TRADITION______ and modern styles. They were presented in ___DIFFER___ colours and patterns. The shop assistant was very ____HELP___. She patietly showed us one model after another. At last Mum chose one of them, but, ______FORTUNATELY______, they didn’t have that model in her favourite colour.

63. Early in her reign, Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert, had a plan to hold a great world-wide exhibition of modern art and design. Sir Joseph Paxton, a botanist and landscape ___DESIGN_____, won the competition to create the central exhibition hall. The _____BUILD____ he produced is still admired by architects today. Although at that time many thought it was ________POSSIBLE_____ to realize such a project. In 1851, Paxton constructed his Crystal Palace – an ____AMAZE_____ glass and iron pavilion, over a third of a mile long, with 800,000 square feet of floor space. The construction was an ultramodern iron frame with glass panels. The exhibition was very _______SUCCESS____ – it drew over six million visitors. _____UNFORTUNATE_____, it was taken apart in 1854.

64. Ray Kurzweil is a very popular figure in the field of science. He is a leading computer _____SCIENCE_____ who has made lots of predictions about the future of humanity. So far he has written six books about artificial intelligence, and four of them have become ___NATION____ best sellers in the USA. Ray strongly believes that soon computer intelligence will be a billion times more ___POWER_____ than the human brain. However, lots of experts don’t believe it and say that it is absolutely ___POSSIBLE_____. Kurzweil disagrees with them and says that we are already a human-machine civilization. We already use high level technology to diagnose diseases, provide ____EDUCATE____, and develop new technologies. Kurzweil thinks that by 2030, computers will do more ___IMPRESS____ tasks. They will be able to understand ordinary spoken language and show emotions.

65. Surfers Against Sewage’ (SAS) was founded in 1990 by water sports enthusiasts in the UK. They are an environmental ______ORGANIZE______ that tries to protect the UK’s oceans and beaches. They say that it may be really _____RISK______ to swim in the seas, and even sunbathe on the beaches because of the pollution. When SAS appeared, it informed people about the problem in quite an _____USUAL______ way. They went to public events with their surfboards and handed out leaflets. They _____QUICK____ attracted the attention of the media and people of Britain. They even managed to put pressure on the _____GOVERN_____ to forbid dumping waste in the sea, rivers and lakes. The campaign was indeed ______SUCCESS_____. Officials agreed to spend 8.5 billion pounds on cleaning up Britain’s seas and rivers.

66. Shepherd’s pie started as an old English recipe. The pie gained _____POPULAR_____ in the middle ages. During the reign of Elizabeth I, mince meat pie became a must-have food, probably, because it was easy to cook, ____HEALTH______ and tasty. Until the 16th century potatoes were ____MAIN______ known as pig food. But later they were accepted as a ____BASE____ food in Europe. The Shepherd’s pie recipe changed to include potatoes as an ingredient. And the fame of the dish doubled. Now Shepherd’s pie is considered to be a ____TRADITION_____ British food but similar recipes can be found in other countries, although they may have different names. In Canada, for example, a ____WAIT____ in a restaurant would present it to tourists as Chinese pie.

67. St Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland. St Patrick is _____FAME_____ for his heroic deeds. People gladly believe in ______AMAZE____ tales about St Patrick and don’t look for any historical evidence to prove them. And the facts often _____AGREE______ with the tales. For example, an old legend says that St Patrick drove all the snakes out of Ireland. This myth is actually untrue. At the time snakes appeared on the planet, Ireland was _____COMPLETE_____ covered by water. Now it is an island which means it is surrounded by water. The water makes it ____POSSIBLE____ for snakes to get to the island. The same _____SITUATE____ is true for New Zealand, Greenland, and many other islands.

68. The festival of Halloween has its roots in Celtic traditions.

Over 2,000 years ago the Celts in Britain had a special holiday in late October to mark the _____BEGIN_____ of winter. Another autumn _____CELEBRATE____ was connected with the passing of the dead. These two events later became Halloween. On Halloween children often dress up as ghosts, witches and monsters and go around people’s houses, asking for sweets. In most cases the ghosts and witches are not frightening at all, they are even _____FUN______! But remember that if the children don’t get the sweets, they may play some ____PLEASANT_____ joke, for example splash some water on you. Pumpkins also ______SYMBOL_____ Halloween. People ____USUAL____ make lanterns from them.

69. There are lots of products that help us fight bad moods and depression. If you feel down and ____SLEEP____, just get a bar of dark chocolate from the fridge. Chocolate will improve your mood and you’ll feel ______CHEER_____ and happy again. This ____INFORM____ is often used in chocolate adverts. Unfortunately, we can’t use this method too often. The positive effect does not last long. Meanwhile chocolate is not _____HARM_____ food. It contains fat and sugar which can make you overweight. Some people may also be allergic to chocolate and it can affect their _____APPEAR______, causing skin problems. The alternative and _____ABSOLUTE___ safe method to fight depression is doing sport. It can be recommended to everyone!

70. It’s not at all surprising that weather is a favourite topic for many people around the world. It affects where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our _____NATION____ character. A _____SUN_____ day can blow away the deepest depression. And a gloomy rainy day can make you feel lonely and ____HAPPY____. ‘I’m feeling a bit under the weather’ is a common complaint in Britain, _____ESPECIAL_____ on Monday mornings. The weather can really be ____RESPONSE___ for moods and scientists have proved this fact. There is a ____CONNECT____ between our mood and the weather we are having. But remember that good weather will have good effects on your mood only if you spend more than 30 minutes outdoors a day.

71. Scientists have found that there is a direct _____CONNECT____ between sunshine and our good mood. They noticed that people are kinder and more ____HELP____ and easy-going when the sun is out. Sunlight ____DEFINITE____ improves negative moods and makes us feel less tired and more energetic. On the other hand, very hot weather may cause strong _____COMFORT____. As a result, we may feel depressed, irritated and even aggressive. On ______RAIN______ days people say they’re less satisfied with their lives. But whatever the weather is, it’s important to spend enough time outdoors. Fresh air and sports can make any day feel _____FANTASY____!

72. People in Britain often talk about climate and weather. They usually complain about their ____CHANGE____ weather. However, there are parts of the world where extreme weather causes real dangers to the _____POPULATE____. Sandstorms, tornadoes and floods ____REGULAR____ cause massive destruction. Lots of people become ____HOME____. To prevent this destruction, it’s important to forecast disasters in advance. Japan is the world ____LEAD______ in using new technology for this purpose. The Japanese have also worked out an _____EFFECT_____ system of informing people: phone companies automatically notify their customers about emergencies and disasters. These warnings are very efficient, and free of charge.

73. In 2005 the rock group The Rolling Stones released an album called ‘A Bigger Bang’. Many critics chose it as their favourite. This isn’t very ____SURPRISE___, but just think, it’s their 25th album, and the Rolling Stones have been on the stage for more than 40 years! The lead ____SING____, Mick Jagger, the guitarist Keith Richards and the other musicians are over 60! And they are not losing their ___POPULAR____, even nowadays. However, they are still much more ____FAME____ for the songs they made in the 1960s and 70s. But, you know what? Young people _____REGULAR____ listen to the Rolling Stones with their fathers and granddads. Isn’t that_____IMPRESS____? In all aspects, theirs has been a remarkable career.

74. They say that pop music is created by and for young people. It often happens this way. A young ____SING_____ makes one or two good records at the start of their career. Every year, lots of new stars become ____FAME____ but for a short time. And just a year or two later they either ____APPEAR___ or make less interesting records. It is difficult to find musicians who could make great records for a long time. Lots of popular groups from the 1970s, for example, are still better known for the songs they made in their ____SUCCESS____ past than for their more recent recordings. Some performers leave the stage but don’t lose their ____POPULAR____. They continue to appear ___REGULAR___ on TV as presenters, or in chat and reality shows.

75. In Moscow, there are approximately 35,000 dogs living on the streets. Some of these ____HOME____ animals were born there. Others are just _____LUCKY____ pets that have been abandoned by their owners. For many dogs the city may be a ____DANGER___ place to live in. However, scientists were surprised to find out how ____EASY____ some animals can adapt to urban life. Some dogs have even learnt to use the city’s metro system! We still don’t know how the dogs find out when to get off the train. One ___SUGGEST___ is that they use their excellent sense of smell to recognise the scents of their favourite destinations. Another idea is that they are able to remember the design of ___DIFFER___ stations and find the station they need.

76. Most graffiti street artists are anonymous. However there are some artists who have become globally ___FAME___. Like the twin brothers from Brazil who call themselves Os Gemeos. They paint everything from small images to huge, ___COLOUR___ pictures of people on buildings. Another celebrity among graffiti artists is Blek le Rat from Paris. He paints pictures of ___HOME___ people. In this way he hopes to encourage residents to think ____SERIOUS___ about the problems of these people. Another well-known artist is Faith 47 from Cape Town. She paints big bright pictures of people and animals. The works of this ___PAINT____ can be found on pavements, empty factory buildings, and abandoned cars. It is ____POSSIBLE____ to predict how street art will develop in the future but we can be sure that it is here to stay!

77. Kelly’s family loved to watch football together. Sometimes they watched college games, but normally they watched ____PROFESSION_____ teams play. This evening was special. Two teams were playing in the final match of the ___CHAMPION____. Kelly’s favourite team had actually got to the final this year, which ____RARE_____ happened. «They’re going to win for sure! It will be ___FAIR_____ if they lose!» Kelly thought. Watching the football game needed the presence of the whole family and lots of tasty food. So Kelly’s mum had made barbecue meatballs. Uncle Jolyon had brought a ____SPICE___ cheese sauce and chips. Aunt Katie brought some cakes. When the game started, everyone cheered. It seemed to Kelly that every ____PLAY_____ of her team was doing their best to win-win-win! And they did!

78. The Nobel Prize is a very prestigious award. Alfred Nobel, a successful businessman and the _____INVENT_____ of explosives, established prizes for achievements in science, literature and economics. Another award, the Oscar, is ____PROBABLE____ the most famous prize in the film industry. The ceremony is an ____IMPRESS____ event with lots of film stars. There are lots of musical awards – Grammies, Brits, and the MTV awards for music, the list is ____END_____. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their novel at the top of the bestseller lists and compete with ‘The Da Vinci Code’ for _____POPULAR____. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists, and each year it causes heated discussions. Artists get lots of money for their ____USUAL____ and sometimes even strange works.

79. Ecotourism is getting more and more popular. It offers two things at once: ____EDUCATE____ and entertainment. Most people agree that ecotourism is the most _____HARM_____ branch of tourism. It makes profit without destroying ______NATURE_____ resources. When tourists choose eco trips, they stay in local houses with local people, not in _____EXPENSE_____ hotels. They travel on foot, by boat, bicycle or elephant to avoid pollution. However, such trips are not at all cheap. This is ____PROBABLE____ the only disadvantage. But you can apply the principles of ecotourism every time you go on a normal holiday. You should remember that you’re only a ____VISIT_____ and be as careful as possible.

80. Ireland is the country of myths and legends. Even the local people are not sure which of them were based on facts and which are the product of someone’s ____CREATE____ imagination. Leprechauns are ____PROBABLE____ the most famous characters from Irish mythology. They are depicted as old bearded men. Their ____RESPONSIBLE____ is to guard the treasure of the fairies. Unfortunately, rainbows always point to the _____LOCATE____ of the treasure and the Leprechaun must rehide it. And there are plenty of rainbows in Ireland! Leprechauns are always busy. They are always very ____CARE____ and try to be invisible to people. But if you manage to catch some ____LUCKY___ Leprechaun, he must either give you his treasure or grant you three wishes.

81. It’s obvious that language skills are essential for everyone today. Foreign languages are very _____USE_______ not only for travelling, but also for studying and building a career. There are lots of ___DIFFER_____ ways to learn a new language. However, everyone agrees that learning languages is ____POSSIBLE____ without dictionaries. The main job of any dictionary is to explain what words mean. This can be done via ____TRANSLATE_____ or the unknown word can be explained in other words. It’s also good if the dictionary contains some examples of how the word is used – it helps to understand the ____MEAN_____ much better. If you are a busy _____LEARN_______, you probably prefer online dictionaries to paper ones. Online dictionaries are very convenient to use if you have Internet access.

82. My friend, Mary, is an extraordinary girl. She has always tried new things – new sports and new hobbies. She says life should be _____INTEREST_______ and it should change all the time. Now she has a new idea – she wants to be a firefighter. You may say that it is not a job for girls, but Mary will ___AGREE_____ with this. In her opinion, putting out fires is a ____DANGER_____ job but women are able to do it too. She has enrolled in a special training school where they learn skills and study firefighting ____EQUIP_____. The teenagers in the camp also learn how to work as a team, which is a very ___USE_____ skill wherever you work. And Mary is sure her team will be effective in any ___SITUATE_____.

83. There is a belief that some jobs suit men better than women and some other jobs are more appropriate for women than for men. Nowadays, women more and more often take jobs that ______TRADITIONAL________ were done by men. A lot of women do ___DANGER_____ and difficult jobs, becoming astronauts, pilots, and firefighters. No one is surprised when a girl wants to be a police officer or a train _____DRIVE____. In sports you can see a similar ____SITUATE____. Girls play football, ice hockey, go boxing and do other sports that seem to be ______USUAL_________ for women. But the girls say that it is ____EXCITE_____ and they cannot see any reason why they should not go into the sport they like.

84. Mark is an old friend of mine. I’m very proud of our friendship because Mark is a very ____INTEREST_____ person. He is very talented and ____CREATE_____. He can play the piano and the violin and the guitar but he is not a professional ____MUSIC_____. He plays only for his family and friends. We have encouraged Mark to try singing too, but he refuses and says he has an ___PLEASANT_____ voice. That is certainly not true – he has a nice voice, though he cannot sing very ______LOUD_________. Now we are arranging a school band and I want to ask Mark to join it. I think if he starts performing in public, he’ll become a more confident and more ____SUCCESS____ person.

85. Russia is a large country with great diversity in flora and fauna. There are several large ____NATION_________ parks in Russia. A lot of different animals live there. Wolves are probably the best known, and are very well studied animals, so we have enough ______INFORM________ about their diet and behaviour. The wolf is a good ______HUNT_________. They usually hunt wild animals like deer and hares, but sometimes they can attack sheep, goats, and cows. The wolf tries to avoid people and only goes into villages when he is _______REAL______ hungry. In some ______RUSSIA________ tales, the wolf is often represented as a clever animal that helps the main character, Ivan. The wolf is usually direct and _____CREATE________ and helps Ivan to cope with many difficult problems.

86. Learning languages is important nowadays. It is interesting and ___USE____. Language skills help people to travel, study, and establish ___PROFESSION____ links with colleagues from other countries. Some people say that learning languages is easy but others strongly ___AGREE____. They say that learning languages takes a lot of time and they are not happy with their progress anyway. Meanwhile, there are some strategies that can make you a successful language _____LEARN____ and save your time. The first idea is watching films in the original. If the films are ____INTEREST____, learning is just fun, not hard work. Online and live ___COMMUNICATE____ with people in the language you are learning also helps a lot.

87. I’m not a child but I still like cartoons and animated films. ___RECENT____, I enrolled in an animation course in our university. The ____TEACH_____ of the course explained to us how animated films are made. Basically, animation is just a series of pictures with a character. Each picture is a little ____DIFFER_______. When you show the pictures really fast, it looks like they are moving. Some people say animation is not a serious thing. I strongly ___AGREE_____. Animated films may be ___FUN_____ but clever and useful to learn new skills. I believe they can be used in many spheres, and most importantly of all in ___EDUCATE_____.

88. Not everyone likes street art. ____USUAL________ nobody asks owners’ permission before drawing graffiti on their houses. Sometimes the drawings may be ___INTEREST_____ and nice but sometimes messy and ugly. What is graffiti – a form of art or vandalism? It depends on the drawing, I think. A friend of mine, John, is a street __ART____. He says that street art is a form of ____COMMUNICATE____. A person can tell you nice or rude things, can’t he? As for John, he is a really nice and ___CREATE_____ person. He enjoys drawing _____VARY_______ characters from animated films. When my neighbours saw his drawings, they asked him to paint some pictures on the wall of their house. Just to make it look brighter and more positive.

89. What is the most eco-friendly transport? I believe it’s the bicycle. There are a lot of bicycles on the streets of our town and that is probably why it looks so green and ____BEAUTY___. There are cycle lanes all over the town so using your bike to get to school or to the office is safe and convenient. ___FORTUNATELY____, some people still prefer driving cars even for short distances. They make the environment less _____HEALTH_____. As for me, I enjoy riding my bike very much and all my friends say that I’m a good ____RIDE____. Next month I’m going to take part in a regional cycling _____COMPETE_____ and I hope to win it. I don’t think I will stop riding my bicycle till I’m ____REAL____ old.

90. Koalas are cute animals. _____FORTUNATELY_______, it causes them lots of problems. There are people who want to keep the cute exotic animal as a pet which may put the koala in a really ____DANGER_____ situation. The problem is that the koala’s diet is very specific. To stay ______HEALTH______ they should only eat eucalyptus leaves. The leaves need to be young and fresh, which means a person who keeps a koala should also have a lot of eucalyptus trees. Andrew Page, a ___SCIENCE_______ who has been studying koalas for years, says that it’s a bad idea to keep this animal as a pet. According to him, people who try to do it usually have very little _____INFORM________ about koala’s lifestyle. And their ignorance can often cost the ___BEAUTY______ animal its life.

1. Добавьте один из суффиксов (-er, -r, -ian, -ist, -man) к словам, чтобы образовалось название профессии. Переведите образовавшиеся слова.

Н-р:    police (полиция) – policeman (полицейский)

1. music (музыка)                                 8. science (наука)
2. journal (журнал)                                9. art (искусство)
3. post (почта)                                      10. sports (спорт)      
4. drive (водить машину)                      11. manage (управляться)
5. reception (встреча)                           12. photograph (фотография)
6. electric (электрический)                    13. interpret (переводить)
7. politics (политика)                             14. build (строить)

                                                                15. fire (огонь)

2. Посмотрите на суффиксы существительных и прилагательных. Образуйте недостающие слова в столбцах и переведите образовавшиеся слова.

Существительные: —ness, -ion, -ation, -ment, -ance, -ition

Прилагательные: —al, -y, -ly, -ful, -ous, -tific

        1)  Прилагательное                                         Существительное

1.         lucky (удачный)                                             luck (удача)

2.         ……                                                               happiness (счастье)

3.         wonderful (чудесный)                                     ……

4.         ……                                                               speed (скорость)

5.         greedy (жадный)                                            ……

6.         ……                                                               friend (друг)

7.         ……                                                               danger (опасность)

8.         traditional (традиционный)                              ……

9.         ……                                                               science (наука)

10.       ill (больной)                                                  ……

11.       ……                                                               truth (правда)

12.       ……                                                               profession (профессия)

13.       ……                                                               business (бизнес)

14.       healthy (здоровый)                                         ……

15.       ……                                                               wealth (богатство) 

         2)  Существительное                                                Глагол

1. investigation (расследование)                          investigate (расследовать)
2. ……                                                               invite (приглашать)
3. discussion (обсуждение)                                 ……
4. ……                                                               appear (выглядеть)

     5.  ……                                                               organize (организовать)

     6.  ……                                                               relax (расслабляться)

     7.  competition (соревнование)                              ……

1. ……                                                               invent (изобретать)

3. Составьте как можно больше слов, добавляя к основе приставки и суффиксы. Используйте словарь. Переведите образовавшиеся слова.

Н-р: help (помогать) – helpful (услужливый), helpfulness (услужливость), unhelpful (неуслужливый), helpless (беспомощный), helplessness (беспомощность)

      Приставка                       Основа/корень слова                                    Суффикс

                                            1. possible

                                            2. polite                                                          -ful

          un-                              3. stress

                                            4. thought

                                            5. agree                                                          -ity

          mis-                             6. use

                                             7. like

                                             8. taste                                                          -less

          im-                               9. understand

                                            10. hope

                                            11. care                                                          -ness

           in-                              12. mortal

                                            13. human

                                            14. success                                                     -ment

           dis-                            15. conscious

                                            16. popular                                                     -able

                                            17. profit                                                

4. Образуйте сложные слова и переведите их.

Н-р:   clock (часы) + work (работа) = clockwork (часовой механизм)

Clock, pocket (карман), place (место), ball (мяч), dish (тарелка), sun (солнце), pool (водоем), head (голова), bird (птица), ice (лед), fire (огонь), work, black (черный), cream (сливки), pick (вынимать), swimming (плавание), ache (боль), foot (ступня), washer (мойка), glasses (стекла)

Ответы:

1.

1. musician (музыкант)                          8. scientist (ученый)
2. journalist (журналист)                        9. artist (художник)
3. postman (почтальон)                        10. sportsman (спортсмен)
4. driver (водитель)                               11. manager (менеджер)
5. receptionist (администратор)             12. photographer (фотограф)
6. electrician (электрик)                        13. interpreter (переводчик)
7. politician (политик)                           14. builder (строитель)

                                                                15. fireman (пожарный)

2.

1)

1. lucky   (удачный)                               9. scientific (научный)
2. happy  (счастливый)                          10. illness (болезнь)
3. wonder (чудо)                                   11. truthful (правдивый)
4. speedy (скоростной)                          12. professional (профессиональный)
5. greed (жадность)                               13. busy (деловой)
6. friendly (дружелюбный)                      14. health (здоровье)
7. dangerous (опасный)                          15. wealthy (богатый)
8. tradition (традиция)

2)

1. investigation (расследование)                      5. organization (организация)
2. invitation (приглашение)                              6. relaxation (расслабление)
3. discuss (обсуждать)                                   7. compete (соревноваться)
4. appearance (внешность)                              8. invention (изобретение)

3. 

1. impossible (невозможный), possibility (возможность), impossibility (невозможность)
2. impolite (невежливый), politeness (вежливость), impoliteness (невежливость)
3. stressful (стрессовый), distress (недомогание), distressful (печальный)
4. thoughtful (задумчивый), thoughtfulness (задумчивость), thoughtless (бездумный), thoughtlessness (бездумность)
5. disagree (не соглашаться), agreement (соглашение), disagreement (расхождение),  agreeable (соответствующий), disagreeable (неприятный)
6. disuse (перестать употреблять), useful (полезный), misuse (неправильно использовать), useless (бесполезный), uselessness (бесполезность)
7. dislike (не любить), likeness (сходство), unlikeness (несходство), unlike (непохожий)
8. tasteless (безвкусный), tasteful (со вкусом), tastefulness (хороший вкус), distaste (отвращение), distasteful (противный)
9. misunderstand (невернопонять), understandable (понятный), understandability (понятность)
10. hopeless (безнадежный), hopeful (оптимистический), hopelessness (безнадежность), hopefulness (надежда)
11. careless (беззаботный), careful (заботливый), carelessness (беззаботность), carefulness (тщательность)
12. immortal (бессмертный), mortality (смертность), immortality (бессмертие)  
13. humanity (гуманность), inhuman (бесчеловечный), inhumanity (бесчеловечность)
14. successful (успешный) , unsuccessful (безуспешный)
15. consciousness (сознательность), unconscious (бессознательный), unconsciousness (бессознательность)
16. popularity (популярность), unpopular (непопулярный), unpopularity (непопулярность)
17. profitable (прибыльный), profitability (прибыльность), unprofitable (нерентабельный)

 4.

fire-place (камин), blackbird (черный дрозд), swimming-pool (бассейн), dishwasher (посудомоечная машина), ice-cream (мороженое), pick-pocket (карманный вор), sunglasses (солнечные очки), football (футбол), headache (головная боль)

Упражнения на словообразование (с ответами) — 4.8 out of
5
based on
437 votes

Упражнения на словообразование (с ответами)

1. Добавьте один из суффиксов (-er, -r, -ian, -ist, -man) к словам, чтобы образовалось название профессии. Переведите образовавшиеся слова.

Н-р:    police (полиция) – policeman (полицейский)

1. music (музыка)                                 8. science (наука)
2. journal (журнал)                                9. art (искусство)
3. post (почта)                                      10. sports (спорт)      
4. drive (водить машину)                      11. manage (управляться)
5. reception (встреча)                           12. photograph (фотография)
6. electric (электрический)                    13. interpret (переводить)
7. politics (политика)                             14. build (строить)

                                                                15. fire (огонь)

2. Посмотрите на суффиксы существительных и прилагательных. Образуйте недостающие слова в столбцах и переведите образовавшиеся слова.

Существительные: —ness, -ion, -ation, -ment, -ance, -ition

Прилагательные: —al, -y, -ly, -ful, -ous, -tific

        1)  Прилагательное                                         Существительное

1.         lucky (удачный)                                             luck (удача)

2.         ……                                                               happiness (счастье)

3.         wonderful (чудесный)                                     ……

4.         ……                                                               speed (скорость)

5.         greedy (жадный)                                            ……

6.         ……                                                               friend (друг)

7.         ……                                                               danger (опасность)

8.         traditional (традиционный)                              ……

9.         ……                                                               science (наука)

10.       ill (больной)                                                  ……

11.       ……                                                               truth (правда)

12.       ……                                                               profession (профессия)

13.       ……                                                               business (бизнес)

14.       healthy (здоровый)                                         ……

15.       ……                                                               wealth (богатство) 

         2)  Существительное                                                Глагол

1. investigation (расследование)                          investigate (расследовать)
2. ……                                                               invite (приглашать)
3. discussion (обсуждение)                                 ……
4. ……                                                               appear (выглядеть)

     5.  ……                                                               organize (организовать)

     6.  ……                                                               relax (расслабляться)

     7.  competition (соревнование)                              ……

3. Составьте как можно больше слов, добавляя к основе приставки и суффиксы. Используйте словарь. Переведите образовавшиеся слова.

Н-р: help (помогать) – helpful (услужливый), helpfulness (услужливость), unhelpful (неуслужливый), helpless (беспомощный), helplessness (беспомощность)

      Приставка                       Основа/корень слова                                    Суффикс

                                            1. possible

                                            2. polite                                                          -ful

          un-                              3. stress

                                            4. thought

                                            5. agree                                                          -ity

          mis-                             6. use

                                             7.

                                             8. taste                                                          -less

          im-                               9. understand

                                            10. hope

                                            11. care                                                          -ness

           in-                              12. mortal

                                            13. human

                                            14. success                                                     -ment

           dis-                            15. conscious

                                            16. popular                                                     -able

                                            17. profit                                                

4. Образуйте сложные слова и переведите их.

Н-р:   clock (часы) + work (работа) = clockwork (часовой механизм)

Clock, pocket (карман), place (место), ball (мяч), dish (тарелка), sun (солнце), pool (водоем), head (голова), bird (птица), ice (лед), fire (огонь), work, black (черный), cream (сливки), pick (вынимать), swimming (плавание), ache (боль), foot (ступня), washer (мойка), glasses (стекла)

1. musician (музыкант)                          8. scientist (ученый)
2. journalist (журналист)                        9. artist (художник)
3. postman (почтальон)                        10. sportsman (спортсмен)
4. driver (водитель)                               11.

   manager (менеджер)

5. receptionist (администратор)             12. photographer (фотограф)
6. electrician (электрик)                        13. interpreter (переводчик)
7. politician (политик)                           14.

   builder (строитель)

                                                                15. fireman (пожарный)

2.

1)

1. lucky   (удачный)                               9. scientific (научный)
2. happy  (счастливый)                          10. illness (болезнь)
3. wonder (чудо)                                   11. truthful (правдивый)
4. speedy (скоростной)                          12. professional (профессиональный)
5. greed (жадность)                               13. busy (деловой)
6. friendly (дружелюбный)                      14. health (здоровье)
7. dangerous (опасный)                          15. wealthy (богатый)
8. tradition (традиция)

2)

1. investigation (расследование)                      5. organization (организация)
2. invitation (приглашение)                              6. relaxation (расслабление)
3. discuss (обсуждать)                                   7. compete (соревноваться)
4. appearance (внешность)                              8. invention (изобретение)

3. 

1. impossible (невозможный), possibility (возможность), impossibility (невозможность)
2. impolite (невежливый), politeness (вежливость), impoliteness (невежливость)
3. stressful (стрессовый), distress (недомогание), distressful (печальный)
4. thoughtful (задумчивый), thoughtfulness (задумчивость), thoughtless (бездумный), thoughtlessness (бездумность)
5. disagree (не соглашаться), agreement (соглашение), disagreement (расхождение),  agreeable (соответствующий), disagreeable (неприятный)
6. disuse (перестать употреблять), useful (полезный), misuse (неправильно использовать), useless (бесполезный), uselessness (бесполезность)
7. dis (не любить), ness (сходство), unness (несходство), un (непохожий)
8. tasteless (безвкусный), tasteful (со вкусом), tastefulness (хороший вкус), distaste (отвращение), distasteful (противный)
9. misunderstand (невернопонять), understandable (понятный), understandability (понятность)
10. hopeless (безнадежный), hopeful (оптимистический), hopelessness (безнадежность), hopefulness (надежда)
11. careless (беззаботный), careful (заботливый), carelessness (беззаботность), carefulness (тщательность)
12. immortal (бессмертный), mortality (смертность), immortality (бессмертие)  
13. humanity (гуманность), inhuman (бесчеловечный), inhumanity (бесчеловечность)
14. successful (успешный) , unsuccessful (безуспешный)
15. consciousness (сознательность), unconscious (бессознательный), unconsciousness (бессознательность)
16. popularity (популярность), unpopular (непопулярный), unpopularity (непопулярность)
17. profitable (прибыльный), profitability (прибыльность), unprofitable (нерентабельный)

 4.

fire-place (камин), blackbird (черный дрозд), swimming-pool (бассейн), dishwasher (посудомоечная машина), ice-cream (мороженое), pick-pocket (карманный вор), sunglasses (солнечные очки), football (футбол), headache (головная боль)

Упражнения на словообразование (с ответами) — 4.8 5 362 votes

:  5 / 5

Источник: https://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/word-formation

Словообразование в английском языке упражнения — с ответами

Знание правил словообразования в английском языке и умение применять данные правила может значительно упростить процесс овладения английском языком.

Приведем конкретный пример: sad – печальный, sadly – печально. Наречия в английском языке образуются при помощи суффикса -ly, добавляемого к прилагательному. Если вы знаете, что slow по-английски означает “медленный”, то как будет “медленно”? Конечно же, slowly. Догадаться о верном ответе вам помогло знание правила словообразования.

Однако, недостаточно знать правила словообразования. Необходимо уметь их применять. Для этого мы предлагаем вам несколько простых упражнений по словообразованию в английском языке. Выполните эти упражнения и освойте основные словообразовательные модели.

Упражнение 1

От данных глаголов образуйте указанные слова:

• write (писать) – 1. (писатель) 2. (написание) 3. (написанный)
• design (разрабатывать) – 1. (разработчик) 2. (разработка, разрабатывание) 3. (разработанный)
• communicate (общаться) – 1. (общительный) 2. (общение)
• express (выражать) – 1. (выражение) 2. (выраженный) 3. (выразительный) 4. (выразительно) 5. (выражающий)
• mean (иметь значение, означать) – 1. (значение) 2. (полный значения, значительный) 3. (бессмысленный)

write (писать) – 1. (писатель – writer) 2. (написание – writing) 3. (написанный – written)

design (разрабатывать) – 1. (разработчик – designer) 2. (разработка, разрабатывание – designing) 3. (разработанный – designed)

communicate (общаться) – 1. (общительный – communicative) 2. (общение – communication)

express (выражать) – 1. (выражение – expression) 2. (выраженный – expressed) 3. (выразительный – expressive) 4. (выразительно – expressively) 4. (выражающий – expressing)

mean (иметь значение, означать) – 1. (значение – meaning) 2. (полный значения, значительный – meaningful) 3. (бессмысленный – meaningless)

Упражнение 2

От данных глаголов образуйте указанные слова:

• inform (информировать) – 1. (информация) 2. (информативный) 3. (информатор) 4. (информированный) 5. (не информированный)
• explain (объяснять) – 1. (объяснение) 2. (объясняющий) 3. (объясненный) 4. (необъяснённый, необъяснимый)
• conclude (заключать, делать вывод) – 1. (заключение, вывод) 2. (заключительный, завершающий) 2. (окончательно, решительно)
• increase (повышать, увеличивать) – 1. (увеличивающийся, возрастающий) 2. (всё более, всё в большей степени)
• explore (исследовать) – 1. (исследование) 2. (исследователь) 3. (исследованный) 4. (неисследованный)

inform (информировать) – 1. (информация – information) 2. (информативный – informative) 3. (информатор – informant) 4. (информированный – informed) 5. (не информированный – uninformed)

explain (объяснять) – 1. (объяснение – explanation, explaining) 2. (объясняющий – explaining) 3. (объясненный – explained) 4. (необъяснённый, необъяснимый – unexplained)

conclude (заключать, делать вывод) – 1. (заключение, вывод – conclusion) 2. (заключительный, завершающий – concluding, conclusive) 2. (окончательно, решительно – conclusively)

increase (повышать, увеличивать) – 1. (увеличивающийся, возрастающий – increasing) 2. (всё более, всё в большей степени – increasingly)

explore (исследовать) – 1. (исследование – exploration) 2. (исследователь – explorer) 3. (исследованный – explored) 4. (неисследованный – unexplored)

Упражнение 3

От данных глаголов образуйте указанные слова:

• develop (развивать, разрабатывать) – 1. (разработка) 2. (разработчик) 3. (разрабатывание) 4. (разработанный)
• encourage (ободрять, воодушевлять) – 1. (ободрение) 2. (ободряющий) 3. (ободренный) 4. (ободряюще)
• pollute (загрязнять) – 1. (загрязнение) 2. (загрязненный) 3. (загрязняющий) 4. (загрязнитель, источник загрязнений)
• destruct (разрушать) – 1. (разрушение) 2. (разрушенный) 3. (разрушающий) 4. (разрушитель)
• prevent (предотвращать) – 1. (предотвращение) 2. (предотвращающий) 3. (предотвращенный)

develop (развивать, разрабатывать) – 1. (разработка – development) 2. (разработчик – developer) 3. (разрабатывание – developing) 4. (разработанный – developed)

encourage (ободрять, воодушевлять) – 1. (ободрение – encouragement) 2. (ободряющий – encouraging) 3. (ободренный – encouraged) 4. (ободряюще – encouragingly)

pollute (загрязнять) – 1. (загрязнение – pollution) 2. (загрязненный – polluted) 3. (загрязняющий – polluting) 4. (загрязнитель, источник загрязнений – pollutor)

destruct (разрушать) – 1. (разрушение – destruction) 2. (разрушенный – dectructed) 3. (разрушающий – destructing) 4. (разрушитель – destructor)

prevent (предотвращать) – 1. (предотвращение – prevention) 2. (предотвращающий – preventing) 3. (предотвращенный – prevented)

Упражнение 4

От данных глаголов образуйте указанные слова:

• conserve (сохранять) – 1. (сохранение) 2. (сохраняющий) 3. (консерватор) 4. (консервативный)
• protect (защищать) – 2. (защита) 2. (защитник) 3. (защищенный) 4. (защитный)
• vary (варьироваться, быть разнообразным) – 1. (разнообразие) 2. (разнообразный) 3. (вариативный)
• create (творить, создавать) – 1. (создание, творение) 2. (создатель) 3. (созданный) 4. (творческий)
• write (писать) – 1. (писатель) 2. (написанный) 3. (написание) 4. (пишущий)

conserve (сохранять) – 1. (сохранение – conservation) 2. (сохраняющий – conserving) 3. (хранитель – conserver, conservator) 4. (консервативный – conservative)

protect (защищать) – 2. (защита – protection) 2. (защитник – protector) 3. (защищенный – protected) 4. (защитный – protecting)

vary (варьироваться, быть разнообразным) – 1. (разнообразие – variety) 2. (разнообразный – various) 3. (вариативный – variative)

create (творить, создавать) – 1. (создание, творение – creation) 2. (создатель – creator) 3. (созданный – created) 4. (творческий – creative)

write (писать) – 1. (писатель – writer) 2. (написанный – written) 3. (написание – writing) 4. (пишущий – writing)

Упражнение 5

От данных глаголов образуйте указанные слова:

• specify (определять, специфицировать) – 1. (определенный, специфичный) 2. (определяющий) 3. (специфически)
• manufacture (производить) – 1. (производитель) 2. (завод, фабрика) 3. (производительный, производящий)
• compute (вычислять) – 1. (вычислительная машина) 2. (вычисляющий) 3. (вычисленный)
• invent (изобретать) – 1. (изобретение) 2. (изобретатель) 3. (изобретательный) 4. (изобретающий) 5. (изобретенный)
• prepare (готовить, подготавливать) – 1. (подготовка) 2. (подготовительный) 3. (подготовленный) 4. (тот, кто подготовил)

specify (определять, специфицировать) – 1. (определенный, специфичный – specific) 2. (определяющий – specifying) 3. (специфически – specifically)

manufacture (производить) – 1. (производитель – manufacturer, manufactor) 2. (завод, фабрика – manufactory) 3. (производительный, производящий – manufacturing)

compute (вычислять) – 1. (вычислительная машина – computer) 2. (вычисляющий – computing) 3. (вычисленный – computed)

invent (изобретать) – 1. (изобретение – invention) 2. (изобретатель – inventor) 3. (изобретательный – inventive) 4. (изобретающий – inventing) 5. (изобретенный – invented)

prepare (готовить, подготавливать) – 1. (подготовка – preparation) 2. (подготовительный – preparative) 3. (подготовленный prepared) 4. (тот, кто подготовил – preparer)

Источник: http://tonail.com/словообразование-в-английском/

Упражнения с ответами на словообразование в английском языке Ссылка на основную публикацию

Источник: http://learneng.ru/grammatika/slovoobrazovanie-v-anglijskom-yazyke-uprazhneniya.html

Словообразование в английском языке. Задания в формате ЕГЭ

Данные задания на  слоовообразование составлены по материалам пособия «Сборник тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку» (М. Вербицкая, Малколм Манн и др.) и входят в цикл Английский язык. Подготовка к ЕГЭ. Раздел «СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ».

Задания рекомендуется выполнять после изучения теоретического материала по словобразованию, ссылки на который дан перед упражнениями.

Суффиксы существительного

Задание 1. Измените слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию предложения.

Уточнение. Слово «лексически» означает, что к слову нужно добавить суффикс или префикс. Слово «грамматически» означает, что к преобразованному слову, возможно, нужно добавить окончание.

ПРИМЕР. Animal __________ will enjoy the performance. love

Animal lovers will enjoy the performance. — Любители животных получат удовольствие от представления.

Здесь требуется поставить существительное — lover во множ. число, исходя из контекста.

1. This __________ is passed through the generations. able
2. Stress is the ___________ with which syllables are pronounced. strong
3. His ______________led him to discovering a lot of information. curious
4. This book contains _________of the centuries. wise
5. This film takes me back to my ____________. child
6. he ___________of this corridor was surprising. long
7. It will be disastrous for the ___________. human
8. I appreciate our ___________. friend
9. I will die of ____________if I live that long. bored
10. The __________of her feelings was unexpected for me.  warm
11. The____________is given to particularly bright students. scholar
12. He was famous for his ___________ . serious
13. The ___________of this song is incredible. popular
14. We were surprised at the _________in her speech. differ
15. It is easy to learn how to do this _________. active
16. The airplane started to lose __________. high

* * *

Задание 2. Form nouns from the words in bold. 

1. The Hercules was famous for his _________ . strong
2. The ____________of the swimming pool was about 5 meters. wide
3. I was surprised by the ______________ of the tablecloth. white
4. The _________of the Tower and the __________ of the walls made it a perfect prison. high, thick
5. The ___________was delayed by fog for an hour. fly
6. Giving alive ___________is quite different from performing on a film. perform
7. Our ___________to predict the weather depends on the information we have. able
8. Another major ____________is the shape of the ball. different
9. The __________of the baseball is very great in America. popular
10. Much of his ________ Chekhov lived in severe poverty. child
11. The ______of London since then has been incredible. grow
12. We moved to our new ______________last spring. resident
13. Many encyclopedias state with __________that the Nile is the longest river in the world. confident
14. Her acting is closer to __________. real
15. The ship was in ___________condition. excellence
16. The story of the dodo`s ___________is one example of man`s effect on the environment. appear
17. He had ____________in finding a job. difficult
18. Each _____________is worth considering. possible

* * *

Задание 3. Form nouns from the words in bold. 

1. The ______________ of this building took 20 years from start to finish. construct
2. Famous __________were held in the Tower. prison
3. Many _____________come to London each year. visit
4. There are a lot of ______________courses to improve your skills. train
5. Before the ____________of the hot air balloon, no human had ever successfully flown into the air. invent
6. The first successful __________was in 1783. fly
7. The ___________of the balloon depends on the wind. direct
8. The _____________and response of the audience can affect how the actor feels and performs. behave
9. They want to have the opportunity to do some real _____. act
10. London is an ideal place nightlife ____________. entertain
11. Special _____________is used to collect weather data. equip
12. He never seemed to be interested in ____________. educate
13. An _______________called Clarence went on an expedition to Canada with his family. explore
14. He is famous for his finding the __________to the problem. solve
15. His success was an remarkable_______.  achieve
16. The ____________of its place is unknown. locate
17. What is your ______________of the performance? impress

* * *

Задание 4. Form nouns from the words in bold. 

1. ________will find these products on sale in the supermarkets. shop
2. He never seemed to be interested in ____________. educate
3. In New York he became a ____________at drama school. study
4. The ship left for New York with a crew of seven professional _________. sail
5. To the crew’s__________ they discovered that nobody was on the island. astonish
6. Each flag has its additional _____________. mean
7. Another ___________started at once. argue
8. Brighton is an ideal place for____________ . relax
9. There are eleven ___________in each team in cricket. play
10. They tried to persuade the ______________to introduce new laws. govern
11. The road __________must be improved. safe
12. It is ___________to drive without seatbelt. legal
13. Finding a good job is uneasy without proper ____________. qualify
14. Many people consider the ____________of moving away. possible
15. It is necessary to fill the _______________form. apply
16. The rate of _________________is very high. employ
17. You have a great _____________. imagine
18. To our great ___________, it started to rain. disappoint
19. The better your education is, the less_____________you will have in finding a job. difficult

Суффиксы и префиксы прилагательного

Задание 1. Form adjectives from the words in bold. 

1. Huge ___________dinosaurs used to walk on the Earth. power
2. This private boat carried a cargo of _______________products. commerce
3. The dodo lived on an island where he had no ___________enemies. nature
4. There are hundreds of ______________hotels in sunny Brighton. comfort
5. Enjoy delicious dishes in ____________ restaurants. fashion
6. Taking part in this attraction can be a bit. risk
7. The story describes the ______________action of people. hero
8. _________plays are staged on Broadway. vary
9. The road was in ________________condition. excellence
10. The _____________method is always in great use. help
11. My father doesn’t buy _____________newspapers. expense
12. Who is _______________for making changes in our society? response
13. The Russians are considered to be very _____________. hospitality
14. The ______________equipment needs to be checked. electricity
15. I was impressed by French ______________cuisine. delicacy
16. She is not self- ________________. confidence
17. The job will give him more _______________freedom. artist
18. Paul’s Cathedral is an _________________building. impress
19. In the old days the only ___________means of transport was the horse. person
20. The trip was very ______________. benefit
21. Is your answer _______________ from mine? differ

Задание 2. Form adjectives from the words in bold.  Mind the prefix UN-

1. Two _____________brothers Montgolfier were responsible for designing the first air balloon. France
2. The design of the balloon was ____________________law. science
3. Some ________________flyers have had an accident. fortunate
4. The first ________________flight was in 1783. success
5. You can go on a _______________ride on a horse back. enjoy
6. He had an ____________________idea. imagine
7. More ______________visitors can try «The Vampire Ride». adventure
8. Riding fast high above the park can be a ______________experience . scare
9. Nature is so ___________________that’s why we cannot forecast more than for a few days. predict
10. _______ people or things existed in the past are considered to be a part of history. history
11. ____________baseball began in the USA in 1865. profession
12. In the USA baseball is considered as a __________sport. nation
13. It will be an ________________experience for me. forget
14. He started his own business and became ________________. wealth
15. The bridge was very ________________. use
16. It has become the place of _______________importance. globe
17. At first sight it seems _________________. believe
18. The situation is becoming more __________________. understand
19. She is a very _________________woman. effect
20. Everyone fell _____________in the room. silence
21. It was the most _________________journey I have ever had. please

Суффиксы и префиксы глагола

Задание 1. Form verbs from the words in bold.

1. He _______________ and lay on the bed. dress
2. He could enter the house because the door was ___________. lock
3. The usual practice at the History lesson is to ___________texts. tell
4. The exercise must be ________________. write
5. Teachers sometimes _____________students. understand
6. When the child ______________ she was unable to cope with him. behave
7. The parents ____________  the child to go out late at night. allow
8. When the days begin to ____________then the cold begins to _____________. long/ strong
9. They’re trying _____________our name. black
10. The snow ____________the mountain tops. white
11. Don’t let this ______________ you. courage
12. He was ____________by his family to learn music at a young age. courage
13. The town is ______________by fortified walls. circle
14. The route was built to ______________trucks to get around a waterfall. able
15. No argument can __________a war. just
16. If you ____________ a substance, you make it pure by removing any dirty substances from it. pure
17. You have ______________him as an ambitious person. character
18. His mother rarely___________ him or any of her children. critic
19. I’m sure Rose will _____________many of us. live
20. The men tried to __________ each other in their generosity. do

Задание 2. Form verbs from the words in bold.

1. The building must be __________________. construct
2. The symptoms of her illness have____________. appear
3. The student__________the teacher and did the wrong exercise. hear
4. Last week the government ______________ the citizens about the political situation in the country. inform
5. His own mind was ___________and ______________by foreign travel. large/rich
6. Martin ___________all the people in the area. He died at the age of 101. live
7. The elderly are usually _______________with the young. satisfy
8. Nowadays the risk of serious illness has________. less
9. Do you mean to____________ me? threat
10. Unfortunately, the cooperation between two countries was _______________. organize
11. The line was ___________, though not dead. connect
12. I am very ________________ with you. appoint
13. The students _______________ the teacher. obey
14. What does the emblem _______________? symbol
15. If someone_________a word, they spell it wrongly. spell
16. Don’t let this ______________ you. courage
17. He was ____________by his family to learn music at a young age. courage 
18. He recognized her voice and his face ____________.  soft

Источник: http://englishinn.ru/slovoobrazovanie-v-angliyskom-yazyike-zadaniya-v-formate-ege.html

Словообразование в английском — упражнения с ответами

Добрый день, читатели блога grammar-tei.com. Сегодня мы займемся словообразованием и выполним несколько упражнений на словообразование в английском языке. Все упражнения даются с ответами, поэтому Вы сможете проверить себя.

Тема словообразование в английском – очень сложная, поэтому практиковаться нужно много. Всем известно, что задания на словообразования есть в ЕГЭ. Не будем откладывать и выполним упражнения на словообразование в английском.

Задания на словообразование. Word building exercises

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте существительные.

1. The study calculated that replacing weekly fruit juice … with whole fruits could bring health benefits. (consume)
2. For my birthday Mother baked a cake with yellow … . (ice)
3. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are called … because they provide the fuel your body needs. (nutrition)
4. Many women have to juggle … and a full-time job. (mother)
5. … are unavoidable when three … live under one roof. (argue, generate)
6. Her deep … of her sister was evident. (hate)
7. Older people who live alone often need help with gardening and house … (maintain)
8. Positive attitude helps employees to get along with … and managers. (worker)
9. China’s air… has cut life … by an average of 5.5 years in the north of the country and caused higher rates of lung cancer. (pollute, expect)
10. It is much safer to use stainless steel or glass … instead of plastic ones. (contain)

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте прилагательные.

1. My favorite … book is “Appetite” by Nigel Slater. (cooker)
2. Eating can also make you …, and so can waking up in the morning. (thirst)
3. You shouldn’t rest on your laurels but try to improve your … performance. (academy)
4. Highly … gas is naturally found in coal mines. (explode)
5. An … species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of extinction. (danger)
6. The most… earthquake struck in Shanxi, China 1556. (disaster)
7. … exploitation of nature by man has resulted in the effects we have to deal with now. (thought)
8. Laos is a landlocked … country, widely covered by tropical forest. (mountain)
9. I decided to take a walk. It would be too … to wait in the queue. (tire)

Упражнение 3. Используйте отрицательные приставки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

1. The service was slow and the waiter’s familiarity was … , so we left without paying. (accept)
2. Some children are a challenge, especially when they … in public places. (behaviour)
3. To my … , the restaurant was overbooked and we had to spend the evening at home. (appoint)
4. Michael was … about what dessert to order. (decide)
5. Parents’… of their children’s behaviour and life choices can ruin their lives. (approve)
6. There is a huge difference between … children and those merely … to listen to their parents’ advice. (obey, will)
7. Young children mustn’t be left … either at home or at public places. (attention)
8. She was frequently left alone by her … husband. (faith)
9. If you describe someone as …, you are criticising them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly or are … to act in this capacity. (competence, qualifications)
10. Banks are still seen as … and many people keep their savings at home. (security)

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, образуйте глаголы.

1. Guar gum also is used in the food industry to … products ice cream. (thick)
2. Old Manchester houses are made of red brick… by soot. (black)
3. David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would … up the room. (bright)
4. Do we ever stop to think about the importance of the air we … ? (breath)
5. I’d to … this dress for one in a larger size. (change)
6. They … 100 dollars from a bank account an hour ago. (draw)

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

1. Sometimes one’s … are the only people one can … in. (parental, confidence)
2. Many people … that getting a spouse can put them their…, which later… wrong, because sometimes marriage makes life more difficult. (belief, miserable, proof)
3. An … Roman … has been discovered in northwest England, (extend, settle)
4. The dining-room is elegantly … and … carpeted, (furniture, luxury)
5. Everyone is … of her having the chance to … abroad, (envy, student)
6. When employers look at… candidates, beyond skills, experience, and training, they look for those who demonstrate … (prospect, enthuse)
7. In the city the … and … were insufferable, (hot, humid)
8. Our planet’s… regions, located just north and south of the equator, are known for their… and … (tropic, warm, humid)
9. Next to Shakespeare, no … gets more love on Broadway than Tennessee Williams, (play)
10. During Elizabeth’s reign England significantly … its trade … and in 1580 Sir Francis Drake became the first Englishman to successfully … the earth, (expansion, sea, circumnavigation)

Упражнение 6. Образуйте слова от данных. Вставьте слова в текст.

A.

Located in Wiltshire, an outstanding and beautifully __________ (1), late ________ (2) style manor house was built of limestone. Originally it was a much larger property that was mostly ___________ (3).

Solid in appearance and structure, it offers _________ (4) and well presented ___________ (5). As one would ___________ (6) there is a grand drawing room with oak _________ (7) walls and a large open fireplace.

The large windows __________ (8) a parkland setting.

B.

Home education is when a child is __________ (1) at home rather than at school. It’s perfectly __________ (2) in the UK and one doesn’t need to be a __________ (3) teacher to do so.

Children who are home educated receive all their education from their parents, sometimes with the help of outside __________ (4).

If you decide to home educate your child you don’t have to follow __________ (5) rules about how you teach or when you teach.

C.

English philosopher, statesman, and jurist who rose to become Lei Chancellor (1618—1621) to James I but is __________ (1) remembered for the status he gave to __________ (2) research in England.

Although his name is associated with the method of __________ (3) and the rejection of a priori reasoning in science, the painstaking __________ (4) of miscellaneous facts without any use of error theory which he supported in the Novum Organum has never been __________ (5)  as a practical method of __________ (6).

The __________ (7) of the Baconian method was, however, an important object in the __________ (8) of the Royal Society some years later.

D.

We’ve all heard of emotional eating. There’s also such a thing as emotional shopping. In __________ (1), neither of these activities is __________ (2), but in excess both can have serious consequences.

The __________ (3) and the affordability of goods make shopping all the more appealing. For many compulsive buyers, a big part of the appeal of shopping is the process of searching out and obtaining that new, better, __________ (4) item.

This process is so mesmerising that it often ruins long-term financial plans, leaving shoppers __________ (5) in debt.

Ответы к упражнениям на словообразование. Word building exercises – answers

Exercise 1.

1 consumption, 2 icing, 3 nutrients, 4 motherhood/maternity, 5 arguments, generations, 6 hatred, 7 maintenance,  8 co-workers, 9 pollution, expectancy

Exercise 2.

1 cookery, 2 thirsty, 3 academic, 4 explosive, 5 endangered, 6 disastrous, 7 thoughtless, 8 mountainous, 9 tiresome

Exercise 3.

1 unacceptable, 2 misbehave, 3 disappointment, 4 indecisive, 5 disapproval, 6 disobedient, unwilling, 7 unattended,  8 unfaithful, 9 incompetent, unqualified, 10 insecure

Exercise 4.

1 thicken, 2 blackened, 3 brighten, 4 breathe, 5 exchange, 6 withdrew

Exercise 5.

1 parents, confide, 2 believe, misery, proves, 3 extensive, settlement, 4 furnished, luxuriously 5 envious, study, 6 prospective, enthusiasm, 7 heat, humidity, 8 tropic (al), warmth, humidity, 9 playwright, 10 expanded, oversea (s), circumnavigate

Exercise 6.

A

1 restored, 2 gothic, 3 demolished, 4 extensive 5 accommodation, 6 expect, 7 panel (l) ed, 8 overlook

B

1 educated, 2 legal, 3 qualified, 4 tutors, 5 formal

C

1 chiefly, 2 scientific, 3 induction,  4 collection, 5 adopted, 6 research, 7 application, 8 foundation

D.

1 moderation, 2 harmful, 3 accessibility, 4 desirable, 5 deeply

Надеюсь, эти упражнения на словообразование помогут Вам в изучении этого непростого раздела английского языка. Word building exercises are very useful!

Сохраните на будущее и поделитесь с друзьями!

Источник: http://grammar-tei.com/slovoobrazovanie-v-anglijskom-uprazhneniya-s-otvetami/

11 класс

Тренировочные упражнения на тему : «Словообразование»

Test 1.

Adventure holidays are popular because they offer plenty of (1)_______ . They are great fun, but can

be very challenging. They give (2)_______ teenagers a chance to take part in many sporting (3)_______ .

If you take an adventure holiday, make sure that all of your (4)_____ are experienced. If you discover

that any of the staff are (5)_______, do not go out with them. Check that the centre provides all the

(6)______ equipment that you need. Helmets and torches, which may seem (7)_______ and pointless

can make the difference between life and (8)______ if there is an accident. Remember that although

activities sound very (9)______ in a book or on TV, they may be much less fun in (10)_____ . Bungee-

jumping is an incredible experience, but also very (11)____.

If you find at the last moment that you are really terrified, then don’t do it!

(1) EXCITE (5) QUALITY (9) ATTRACT

(2) ENERGY (6) SAFE (10) REAL

(3) ACTIVE (7) NECESSARY (11) FRIGHTEN

(4) INSTRUCT (8) DIE

Test 2.

The street party is a popular form of (1)_____ in Britain. Whole street come together to mark such

important (2)______ occasions as a new millennium. Clearly it is (3)________ to hold a party in a busy

street, so traffic is banned. This may annoy motorists but it is (4)_____. Street parties need the

(5)______ of as many people as possible. The (6)_______ people who live in cities to unite as a

community just as they would in a (7)______ small village or town. Street parties are simple, (8)_____

affairs, which involve a great deal of eating, drinking, dancing and generally (9)_____ . There should be

games so that small children do not get bored and (10)_____ . There should also be plenty of good

music to (11)_____ the teenagers to stay around.

(1) CELEBRATE (5) INVOLVE (9) ENJOY

(2) NATION (6) ABLE (10) BEHAVE

(3) POSSIBLE (7) TRADITION (11) COURAGE

(4) AVOID (8) COMPLICATE

Test 3.

Malaria is one of the most common (1)_______ diseases in the world. So far the only kind of (2)______

implemented by the affected countries has been distributing mosquito nets and basic medicines.

(3)_______ and doctors have been working on a malaria vaccine for many years. However, although all

vaccines produced so far have shown good results on monkeys their (4)______ in tests on humans was

far less (5)______ . Research on the malaria vaccine arouses (6)_______ interest in African, Asian, and

South American countries, where malaria is (7)________ a most dangerous disease causing (8)______

loss of life and (9)______ problems. Everybody is then (10)_____ waiting for good news about

(11)______ trails of a new medicine as the future costs of malaria spreading are indeed (12)_______ .

(1) INFECT (5) IMPRESS (9) ECONOMY

(2) PREVENT (6) CONSIDER (10) PATIENCE

(3) SCIENCE (7) ECONOMY (11) SUCCESS

(4) EFFECT (8) PATIENCE (12) PREDICT

Test 4.

Our new multi-activity holidays offer a wide (1)_______ of courses. Ranging from (2)______ to cookery.

And they are so (3)_____ that everyone can afford them. Supervision at all times by our experienced,

(4)_______ staff is included in the price of the holiday. If you are (5)______ in trying out an adventure

course, don’t worry if you are (6)______ — we understand that not everyone is a super-athlete. Our

helpful (7)______ will take your level of (8)______ into account and design the course accordingly. You

don’t have to be physically (9)_____ to enjoy one of our holidays. There are different courses for

computer fans, (10)______ and artists. Every one has a lot of fun and you will never tell (11)_______ . So

write or telephone now for an application form and join in the fun.

(1) VARY (5) INTEREST (9) ACT

(2) MOUNTAIN (6) FIT (10) MUSIC

(3) EXPENCE (7) INSTRUCT (11) COURAGE

(4) QUALIFY (8) ABLE

Test 5.

It is (1)_______ to think that as recently as 1903, many of the world’s leading (2)_____ were still

absolutely certain that people would never fly. An (3)_______ US professor declared in that year that a

flying machine was (4)______ because something which was (5)_______ than the air itself could not

take off. But just a few weeks later, came the surprise (6)________ that two brothers from Ohio named

Wright had just built such a machine.

The media remained so (7)______ by their claims, however, that neither reporters nor (8)_______ were

sent along to witness any of their test (9)_______ . The brothers, somewhat discouraged, then offered

their (10)______ to the US army, who showed no interest. It was only when a French company began to

take them (11)_______ that the brothers had the opportunity to prove the experts wrong.

(1) CREDIBLE (5) HEAVY (9) FLY

(2) SCIENCE (6) ANNOUNCE (10) INVENT

(3) INFLUENCE (7) CONVINCE (11) SERIOUS

(4) POSSIBLE (8) PHOTOGRAPH

Ответы к тренировочным упражнениям

Test 1

1. Excitement 2. Energetic 3. Activities 4. Instructors 5. Unqualified 6. Safety

7. Unnecessary 8. Death 9. Attractive 10. Reality 11. Frightening

Test 2

1. celebration 2. National 3. Impossible 4. Unavoidable 5. Involvement 6. Enable 7.

Traditional 8. Uncomplicated 9. Enjoyment 10. Misbehave 11. Encourage

Test 3

1. Infectious 2. Prevention 3. Scientists 4. Effectiveness 5. Impressive 6. Considerable 7.

Economic 8. Patients 9. Economical 10. Patiently 11. Successful 12. Predicative

Test 4

1. variety 2. Mountaineering 3. Inexpensive 4. Qualified 5. Interested 6. Unfit 7. Instructors 8.

Ability 9. Active 10. Musicians 11. Discouraged

Test 5

1. incredible 2. Scientists 3. Influential 4. Impossible 5. Heavier 6. Announcement 7. Convincing

8. Photographers 9. Flight 10. Invention 11. Seriously

Данные задания на  слоовообразование в английском языке составлены по материалам пособия «Сборник тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку» (М. Вербицкая, Малколм Манн и др.) и входят в цикл «Английский язык. Подготовка к ЕГЭ. СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ». Задания на словообразование рекомендуется выполнять после изучения теоретического материала, ссылки на который даны перед упражнениями.

Словообразование. Задания в формате ЕГЭ

Содержание:

1. Задания на суффиксы существительного
2. Задания на суффиксы и префиксы прилагательного
3. Задания на суффиксы и префиксы глагола

* * *

Суффиксы существительного

Задание 1. Измените слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию предложения.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ.

Слово «лексически» означает, что к слову нужно добавить суффикс или префикс.

Слово «грамматически» означает, что к преобразованному слову, возможно, нужно добавить окончание.

ПРИМЕР. Animal __________ will enjoy the performance. love

Animal lovers will enjoy the performance. — Любители животных получат удовольствие от представления.

Здесь требуется поставить существительное — lover во мн. число, исходя из контекста.

1. This __________ is passed through the generations. able
2. Stress is the ___________ with which syllables are pronounced. strong
3. His ______________led him to discovering a lot of information. curious
4. This book contains _________of the centuries. wise
5. This film takes me back to my ____________. child
6. The ___________of this corridor was surprising. long
7. It will be disastrous for the ___________. human
8. I appreciate our ___________. friend
9. I will die of ____________if I live that long. bored
10. The __________of her feelings was unexpected for me.  warm
11. The____________is given to particularly bright students. scholar
12. He was famous for his ___________ . serious
13. The ___________of this song is incredible. popular
14. We were surprised at the _________in her speech. differ
15. It is easy to learn how to do this _________. active
16. The airplane started to lose __________. high

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Задание 2. Form nouns from the words in bold. 

1. The Hercules was famous for his _________ . strong
2. The ____________of the swimming pool was about 5 meters. wide
3. I was surprised by the ______________ of the tablecloth. white
4. The _________of the Tower and the __________ of the walls made it a perfect prison. high, thick
5. The ___________was delayed by fog for an hour. fly
6. Giving alive ___________is quite different from performing on a film. perform
7. Our ___________to predict the weather depends on the information we have. able
8. Another major ____________is the shape of the ball. different
9. The __________of the baseball is very great in America. popular
10. Much of his ________ Chekhov lived in severe poverty. child
11. The ______of London since then has been incredible. grow
12. We moved to our new ______________last spring. resident
13. Many encyclopedias state with __________that the Nile is the longest river in the world. confident
14. Her acting is closer to __________. real
15. The story of the dodo`s ___________is one example of man`s effect on the environment. disappear
16. He had ____________in finding a job. difficult
17. Each _____________is worth considering. possible

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Задание 3. Form nouns from the words in bold. 

1. The ______________ of this building took 20 years from start to finish. construct
2. Famous __________were held in the Tower. prison
3. Many _____________come to London each year. visit
4. Before the ____________of the hot air balloon, no human had ever successfully flown into the air. invent
5. The first successful __________was in 1783. fly
6. The ___________of the balloon depends on the wind. direct
7. The _____________and response of the audience can affect how the actor feels and performs. behave
8. They want to have the opportunity to do some real _____. act
9. London is an ideal place nightlife ____________. entertain
10. Special _____________is used to collect weather data. equip
11. He never seemed to be interested in ____________. educate
12. An _______________called Clarence went on an expedition to Canada with his family. explore
13. He is famous for his finding the __________to the problem. solve
14. His success was an remarkable_______.  achieve
15. The ____________of its place is unknown. locate
16. What is your ______________of the performance? impress

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Задание 4. Form nouns from the words in bold. 

1. ________will find these products on sale in the supermarkets. shop
2. In New York he became a ____________at drama school. study
3. The ship left for New York with a crew of seven professional _________. sail
4. To the crew’s__________ they discovered that nobody was on the island. astonish
5. Each flag has its additional _____________. mean
6. Another ___________started at once. argue
7. Brighton is an ideal place for____________ . relax
8. There are eleven ___________in each team in cricket. play
9. They tried to persuade the ______________to introduce new laws. govern
10. The road __________must be improved. safe
11. Finding a good job is uneasy without proper ____________. qualify
12. Many people consider the ____________of moving away. possible
13. It is necessary to fill the _______________form. apply
14. The rate of _________________is very high. employ
15. You have a great _____________. imagine
16. To our great ___________, it started to rain. disappoint
17. The better your education is, the less_____________you will have in finding a job. difficult

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Суффиксы и префиксы прилагательного

Задание 5. Form adjectives from the words in bold. 

1. Huge ___________dinosaurs used to walk on the Earth. power
2. There are a lot of ______________courses to improve your skills. train
3. This private boat carried a cargo of _______________products. commerce
4. The dodo lived on an island where he had no ___________enemies. nature
5. There are hundreds of ______________hotels in sunny Brighton. comfort
6. Enjoy delicious dishes in ____________ restaurants. fashion
7. Taking part in this attraction can be a bit ______. risk
8. The story describes the ______________action of people. hero
9. _________plays are staged on Broadway. vary
10. The road was in ________________condition. excellence
11. The _____________method is always in great use. help
12. My father doesn’t buy _____________newspapers. expense
13. Who is _______________for making changes in our society? response
14. The Russians are considered to be very _____________. hospitality
15. The ______________equipment needs to be checked. electricity
16. I was impressed by French ______________cuisine. delicacy
17. She is not self- ________________. confidence
18. The job will give him more _______________freedom. artist
19. Paul’s Cathedral is an _________________building. impress
20. In the old days the only ___________means of transport was the horse. person
21. The trip was very ______________. benefit
22. Is your answer _______________ from mine? differ

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Задание 6. Form adjectives from the words in bold.  Mind the prefix UN-

1. Two _____________brothers Montgolfier were responsible for designing the first air balloon. France
2. The design of the balloon was based on ____________________law. science
3. Some ________________flyers have had an accident. fortunate
4. The first ________________flight was in 1783. success
5. You can go on a _______________ride on a horse back. enjoy
6. He had an ____________________idea. imagine
7. More ______________visitors can try «The Vampire Ride». adventure
8. Riding fast high above the park can be a ______________experience . scare
9. Nature is so ___________________that’s why we cannot forecast more than for a few days. predict
10. _______ people or things existed in the past are considered to be a part of history. history
11. ____________baseball began in the USA in 1865. profession
12. In the USA baseball is considered as a __________sport. nation
13. It will be an ________________experience for me. forget
14. He started his own business and became ________________. wealth
15. The bridge was very ________________. use
16. It has become the place of _______________importance. globe
17. At first sight it seems _________________. believe
18. The situation is becoming more __________________. understand
19. She is a very _________________woman. effect
20. Everyone fell _____________in the room. silence
21. It was the most _________________journey I have ever had. please
22. It is ___________to drive without seatbelt. legal

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 Задания в формате ЕГЭ. Суффиксы и префиксы глагола

Задание 7. Form verbs from the words in bold.

1. He _______________ and lay on the bed. dress
2. He could enter the house because the door was ___________. lock
3. The usual practice at the History lesson is to ___________texts. tell
4. The exercise must be ________________. write
5. Teachers sometimes _____________students. understand
6. When the child ______________ she was unable to cope with him. behave
7. The parents ____________  the child to go out late at night. allow
8. When the days begin to ____________then the cold begins to _____________. long/ strong
9. They’re trying to _____________our name. black
10. The snow ____________the mountain tops. white
11. He was ____________by his family to learn music at a young age. courage
12. The town is ______________by fortified walls. circle
13. The route was built to ______________trucks to get around a waterfall. able
14. No argument can __________a war. just
15. If you ____________ a substance, you make it pure by removing any dirty substances from it. pure
16. You have ______________him as an ambitious person. character
17. His mother rarely___________ him or any of her children. critic
18. I’m sure Rose will _____________many of us. live

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Задание 8. Form verbs from the words in bold.

1. The symptoms of her illness have____________. appear
2. The student__________the teacher and did the wrong exercise. hear
3. Last week the government ______________ the citizens about the political situation in the country. inform
4. His own mind was ___________and ______________by foreign travel. large/rich
5. Martin ___________all the people in the area. He died at the age of 101. live
6. The elderly are usually _______________with the young. satisfy
7. Nowadays the risk of serious illness has________. less
8. Do you mean to____________ me? threat
9. Unfortunately, the cooperation between two countries was _______________. organize
10. The line was ___________, though not dead. connect
11. I am very ________________ with you. appoint
12. The students _______________ the teacher. obey
13. What does the emblem _______________? symbol
14. If someone_________a word, they spell it wrongly. spell
15. Don’t let this ______________ you. courage
16. He recognized her voice and his face ____________.  soft
17. The men tried to __________ each other in their generosity. do

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Практические и тренировочные упражнения для 8–9-х классов

Word-formation является в последнее время
неотъемлемой частью любого серьезного теста
(включая ЕГЭ). В связи с этим, предлагаю несколько
упражнений для тренировки на уроках.

1. A. Form nouns with the help of these suffixes (there may be more
than 1 word):

employ, lonely, advertise, announce, determined, popular, instruct,
manage, communicate, spectacular, entertain, responsible, celebrate, dark, invent, govern

-tion -ity -er/-or -ness -ment

Example:

act action activity actor – –

B. Complete the sentences with some nouns from A:

1. After fast and colourful sunset total ______________(dark) fell on the
island.
2. The hotel was only 2 km from the city’s shopping and
_______________________(entertain) areas.
3. There were over 10,000 __________________(spectacular) at the stadium on Sunday.
4. Whatever you do, it’s important to have ambition and __________________(determined).
5. Jane served as a ________________(govern) for Mr. Rochester’s little foster-child.
6. Initiative and social skills are always attractive to ________________(employ).
7. The industry needs better ________________(manage) rather than more money.
8. They invited a few __________________(celebrate) to open the festival.
9. Sometimes we prefer to use symbols and icons for
_____________________________(communicate).
10. She takes her ___________________(responsible) as a teacher very seriously.

2. A. Form adjectives with the help of these suffixes and translate
them:

1. -ful
wonder, beauty, care, harm, help, dread, respect

2. -less
care, harm, help, end, rest, pain, shape

3. -ous
mystery, fury, courage, nerve, danger, fame, envy

4. -y
salt, fog, rain, mud, dirt, sleep, storm

B. Complete the text with the adjectives:

careless, sleepy, mysterious, dreadful, courageous, endless, nervous,
rainy, foggy, shadowy

One cold (1)________ night Sam was driving home. He felt tired and
(2)________. The weather was (3)________. The rain seemed (4)________ and to make it worse
it was getting (5)________. Suddenly Sam saw a lonely figure standing at the side of the
road. He slowed down to offer a lift to the (6)________ pedestrian. But when he approached
the (7)________ figure vanished. Puzzled and a little (8)________ Sam slowly continued his
way and hardly had he covered 50 metres as he almost bumped into a big fallen tree lying
across the road. He saw it just on time. Sam is a (9)________ man and he doesn’t believe
in supernatural, but now he says that he is grateful to the (10)________ ghost that saved
him from the accident.

3. A. Make opposite meanings with the help of these prefixes:

un-, in-, im-, mis-, ill-, dis-.

polite – reliable – true – appear – legal – agree – expensive – able – patience – probable – understand – behave –

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

B. Paraphrase the underlined words.

1. The night clouds vanished and the sky was clear.
________________________________________________________________________

2. Not allowed by the law fishing can destroy marine life very badly.
________________________________________________________________________

3. He was so exhausted that he couldn’t answer our questions.
________________________________________________________________________

4. We are against their plan.
________________________________________________________________________

5. I can’t believe it, it’s false!
________________________________________________________________________

6. This ticket is quite cheap.
________________________________________________________________________

7. It’s very rude to leave without saying good-bye.
________________________________________________________________________

8. Children often act badly and cause trouble at school because of lack of
attention at home.
________________________________________________________________________

9. I’m afraid you don’t realize the nature of the problem.
________________________________________________________________________

10. We could hear eagerness in his voice, he didn’t want to wait.
________________________________________________________________________

11. Don’t ask Val for help, he is a person who can let you down.
________________________________________________________________________

12. The story sounds not likely to happen!
________________________________________________________________________

4. Mind that these words have different spelling. In the sentences
choose the correct word.

practise (verb Br) – practice (noun)
advise (verb) – advice (noun)
weigh (verb) — weight (noun)
panic (verb – inf., noun) – panicking (present participle) – panicked
(past simple, past participle)

1. My friend _________ me to buy this dictionary. He’s given you really
good ________.
2. To get good results you should _________ more. __________ makes perfect.
3. When swimmers saw a shark they __________. In ____________ they turned to the boat.
4. – Do you know how much this rucksack ___________? – It’s over 20 kilos in
__________.

Key:

1. A. employer/employment; loneliness; ad/advert/advertisement;
announcer/announcement; determination/determiner; popularity; instruction/instructor;
manager/management; communication/community/communicator; spectator;
entertainer/entertainment; responsibility; celebration/celebrity; darkness;
invention/inventor; governor/governess/government
B. 1. darkness; 2. entertainment; 3. spectators; 4. determination; 5. governess; 6.
employers; 7. management; 8. celebrities; 9. communication; 10. responsibilities

2. B. 1. rainy; 2. sleepy; 3. dreadful; 4. endless; 5. foggy; 6.
careless; 7. shadowy; 8. nervous; 9. courageous; 10. mysterious

3. B. 1. disappeared; 2. illegal; 3. was unable to; 4. disagree
with; 5. untrue; 6. inexpensive; 7. impolite; 8. misbehave; 9. misunderstand; 10.
impatience; 11. unreliable; 12. improbable

4. 1. advised, advice; 2. practise, practice; 3. panicked, panic;
4. weighs, weight

By Galina Matyokina ,
Lyceum No. 1535, Moscow