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Negative
prefixes
We add a prefix such as in- or un- or dis-, im-, il-,
non, ir- etc. to the beginning of adjectives, adverbs and verbs to give them
the opposite meaning.
For
example,
➢ Before «r» one has to use «ir»
irreparable;
➢ Before «l»,use «il» illogical;
➢ Before «t», use «dis» distrust;
distasteful
➢ Before «c, b or s» use «un or in»
uncomfortable/unbelievable and incomplete/incredible/insanity;
➢ Before «p», use «im» impossible
➢ Before «m», use «im» immature,
immortal
➢ Before «h or f», use «un»
unhappy/unfettered;
➢ Before a noun, use «non» non-smoker, etc.
Exercise
1
Write the negative form of these words by adding a
negative prefix: «un-«, «dis-«, «ir-«,
«il-«, «in-«, or «im-«.
1 ____comfortable 2 ____patient 3 ____honest 4 ____
lucky
5 ____formal 6 ____possible 7 ____popular 8 ____lock
9 ____appear 10 ____agree 11 ____legal 12 ____polite
13 ____like 14 ____logical 15 ____convenient
Exercise
2
Write the negative form of these words by adding a
negative prefix:
«un-«, «dis-«, «ir-«,
«il-«, «in-«, or «im-«.
1 ____frequent 6 ____believable 11 ____relevant
2 ____mature 7 ____approve 12 ____dependent
3 ____legible 8 ____curable 13 ____responsible
4 ____moral 9 ____familiar 14 ____accurate
5 ____regular 10 ____grateful 15 ____resistible
Exercise
3
Fill in negative prefixes to form the OPPOSITE of each
of the adjectives below. In some cases, more than one pre-fix is possible.
___acceptable ___accurate ___adequate ___agreeable
___approachable
___appropriate ___bearable ___compatible ___complete
___conscious
___contented ___convenient ___credible ___decisive
___desirable
___discreet ___excusable ___experienced ___faithful
___flexible
___frequent ___grateful ___healthy ___helpful ___hospitable
___legal ___legible ___legitimate ___literate
___logical
Exercise
4
Complete the sentences by adding the correct pre-fix
for each word.
1 It’s rather ___polite if you don’t say ‘Please’ a
lot in English.
2 My parents are extremely generous with their time
and money. They are very ___selfish.
3 If the traffic is bad, it’ll be ___possible to get
to the match on time.
4 It’s ___legal to drive along that street; it’s for
pedestrians only.
5 My mum thought a burglar had been in my bedroom, but
it’s always really ___tidy.
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B2 First: word formation (negatives)
For the B2 First exam, there’s nearly always at least one negative in the word formation part of the use of English. There are lots of prefixes and suffixes we can use to make negatives. Here is some useful general advice:
- Negative prefixes can be used with nouns, verbs, adjective and adverbs. For example disapproval, disapprove, disapproving, disapprovingly.
- Usually im + p (impatient) but not always (unpleasant).
- Often il + l (illegal) but not always (unlikely).
- Often ir + r (irregular) but not always (unresponsive).
- Usually -ful changes to -less (harmful/less) but not always (endful / endless).
- If you can’t remember, choose un — it’s the most common negative prefix.
All the words in the table below are adjectives (unless stated in brackets afterwards — do you notice anything interesting about dis- and mis-?). Look at the information in the table for a few minutes and try to remember the words. Then click below to hide the information and try to answer the questions at the bottom.
| un- | in | dis- | im- |
|---|---|---|---|
| unexpected unaware unbelievable unknown unable |
inaccurate inappropriate inefficient incapable ineffective |
disapprove (verb) dislike (verb) disagree (verb) disbelieve (verb) dishonest (adjective) |
improbable impossible impolite imperfect impatient |
| il- | ir- | mis- | -less |
| illegal illiterate illogical illegible |
irregular irresponsible irrational irrelevant |
misbehave (verb) misunderstand (verb) misspell (verb) misuse (verb) |
careless harmless helpless endless |
Practice 1: word formation (use of English part 3)
Write the correct NEGATIVE form of the word in brackets to complete these sentences. Be very careful: some words have different negative forms (e.g. unbelievable/disbelieve, unlikely/dislike, unable/disabled) and you may have to make other changes (e.g. verb to noun or past simple).