Word formation adjectives worksheet

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In a
sentence or text you have to change the form of a word, e.g. from a noun to an
adjective, or from a verb to a noun. For example:

The
_____ was very nervous. (sing)

You
have to complete the sentence with the person noun (singer). You change
the verb (sing) into the person noun (singer).

·        
Look at the word you have to change. Which words do you know that
are in the same word family?

·        
The beginning of the word is often the same and the end of the
word changes.

·        
What form is the new word? A verb? A noun? An adjective? An
adverb?

·        
Nouns often end: -ment, -ion, -ness, -ity.

·        
People nouns often end: -er, -or, -ist, -ian.

·        
Adjectives often end: -able, -ible, -ive, -al, -ic, -ed, -ing.

·        
Some verbs end: -ise, -ate, -en.

·        
Adverbs often end: -ly.

·        
Is the new word negative? If so, you may need a prefix, e.g. un- (unhappy),
im- (impolite), in- (inexperienced), dis- (dishonest),
etc.

·        
If you don’t know the new word, guess. You
may be right!

There are many word beginnings (prefixes) and word
endings (suffixes) that can be added to a word to change its meaning or its
word class. The most common ones are shown here, followed by examples of how
they are used in the process of word formation. More can be found in the
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.

Verb Formation

The endings ize and ify can be added to nouns and
adjectives to form verbs.

Noun + ize = Verb

American + ize = Americanize Legal + ize = legalize

This will make the factory more modern. This will
modernize the factory. Adjective + ize = Verb

 False + ify = Falsify Humid + ify = humidify

These tablets make the water pure. They purify the
water.

Adverb Formation

The ending ly can be added to most adjectives to form
adverbs.

Adjective + ly = Adverb

Easy + ly = easily His behaviour was stupid. He
behaved stupidly

Noun Formation

The endings er, ment, and ation can be added to many
verbs to form nouns.

Verb + er = Noun Fasten + er = faster Open
+ er = opener

John drives a bus. He is a bus driver.

Amaze + ment = amazement Retire + ment = retirement

Children develop very quickly. Their development is
very quick.

Admire + ation = admiration Organize + ation =
organization

The doctor examined me. The doctor gave me an
examination.

The endings ity/ty and ness can be added to many
adjectives to form nouns.

 Stupid + ity = stupidity Don’t be so cruel. I hate
cruelty

Adjective Formation

The endings y, ic, ical, ful, and less can be added to
many nouns to form adjectives. The ending able can be added to many verbs to
form adjectives.

Noun + y = Adjective Dirt + y = dirty

That was an awful smell. It was very smelly.

Atom + ic = atomic That was a book of poetry. It was a
poetic book.

Hope + ful = hopeful His broken leg caused pain. It
was very painful.

Care + less = careless The operation didn’t cause
pain. It was painless.

Verb + able = Adjective Love + able = lovable You can
wash this coat.

It’s washable Opposites Prefixes added to the front of
many words can produce an opposite meaning. un + fortunate = unfortunate I’m
not very happy. In fact I’m very unhappy.

 Put the correct
form of the word in brackets into the blank .

1. The results were very strange! In fact,
they were ___________________ ! (BELIEVE)

2. He has an unfortunate
___________________ to understand people’s feelings (ABLE)

3. Due to the clerk’s
______________________ we missed the train (STUBBORN)

4. What we saw was beyond all
______________________ (EXPECT)

5. She is a student of the
______________________ (HUMAN)

6. The book contains some great
______________________ (ILLUSTRATE)

7. Please give us details of your present
______________________ (OCCUPY)

8. What is the ______________________ of
the Danube River (LONG)

9. The ______________________ of our
agriculture is important if we want to produce more food (MECHANIC)

10. Drug ______________________ is a
problem causing great concern (ADDICT)

11. The ______________________ of the
awards is scheduled for next Friday (PRESENT)

12. I have been sworn to
______________________ so I can’t say a word (SECRET)

13. After losing her job she was
______________________ for a month (EMPLOY)

14. Pushing into a queue is considered to
be extremely ______________________ (POLITE)

15. The audience gave the violinist a
round of ______________________ (APPLAUD)

16. He isn’t happy with his job because he
feels he is ______________________ (PAY)

17. We have just been shown another
example of ______________________ killing (SENSE)

18. My sister’s ______________________
makes hers social life difficult (SHY)

19. I’m not sure at all I really can’t say
with ______________________ (CERTAIN)

20. My ______________________ is the
history of Elizabethan England (SPECIAL)

21. The police were told by their
______________________ where to find the criminal (INFORM)

22. He received many medals for his acts
of ______________________ during the war (HERO)

23. The ______________________ of the
company is said to be dangerous to small firms (EXPAND)

24. For all of us, Marilyn Monroe was the
______________________ of beauty (PERSON)

25. I can guarantee the ______________________
of our new product (RELY)

26. The government is encouraging heavy
______________________ (INVEST)

27. People who suffer from
______________________ should buy themselves a pet (LONELY)

28. George and I have been friends since
______________________ (CHILD)

29. Everybody is worried about the
______________________ of the rain forest (DESTROY)

30. Some MPs are calling for
______________________ without trial (DETAIN)

31. My grandfather was given a medal for ______________________
(BRAVE)

32. My father takes great
______________________ in his work (PROUD)

33. This bag contains all my photographic
______________________ (EQUIP)

34. ______________________ is probably the
most useful form of energy (ELECTRIC)

35. John turned up on the wrong day
because of a ______________________ (UNDERSTAND)

36. Jake had another
______________________ with his boss (AGREE)

37. The bank robbers were sentenced to
twelve years of ______________________ (PRISON)

38. Mary suddenly felt sick, so we needed
a ______________________ for her part in the play (REPLACE)

39. Failure to apply in time may result in
a ______________________ of benefits (LOSE)

40.
Pat was accused of stealing some ______________________ documents (CONFIDENT)

 Put the correct
form of the word in brackets into the blank.

1. In the future the public will have a
wider __________________ of television programs. (CHOOSE)

2. Looking after the health of 700
children is heavy ______________________ . (RESPONSIBLE)

3. The town spent more money on
__________________ and health than ever before (HOUSE)

4. Do you have any particular
__________________ where we sit? (PREFER)

5. There’s a __________________ contrast
between what he does and what he says. (STRIKE)

6. The party turned out to be a huge
______________________ (DISAPPOINT)

7. He was fined and __________________ for
reckless driving (QUALIFY).

8. Is it possible to remove the smell from
the books that have been in _______________ for such a long time? (STORE)

9. Many people are interested in job
__________________ more than in earning large amount of money (SATISFY).

10. I hadn’t made a __________________ ,
so I just got on the first flight available. (RESERVE)

11. The anti-doping association believes
that all sports must be free of drug __________________ (USE).

12. The country is facing a population
__________________ . (EXPLODE)

13. It is __________________ to fasten
your seat-belts before take-off (ADVISE)

14. She claimed __________________ benefit
for over six months. (EMPLOY)

15. Tax __________________ is one of the
biggest problems that face the new country. (EVADE)

16. You can basically wear what you want
but there is an _____________ law that says you must not wear jeans. (WRITE)

17. The __________________ course is being
paid for by the company. (MANAGE)

18. It’s a __________________ shame that
she didn’t have a better chance in life. (CRY)

19. The farm house we stayed in was
completely off the __________________ track. (BEAT)

20. The police searched the house
_______________________ . (SYSTEM)

21. He is a __________________ -paid
senior executive. (HIGH)

22. A full-scale ____________________ of
our company is urgently needed (ORGANIZE)

23. Are we going to be saved
__________________ by our oil supplies? (ECONOMY)

24. Experts have tried to find a
__________________ to the personnel problems. (SOLVE)

25. She’s a specialist in psychology and
human __________________ . (BEHAVE)

26. The __________________ of the most
important port of the country eliminated all trade. (BLOCK)

27. The __________________ system of some
countries used to be based on gold. (MONEY)

28. He recovered from his injuries in the
__________________ hospital (NAVY)

29. He has loved her __________________
ever since they first met. (PASSION)

30. The importance of this
__________________ has been extremely overrated. (INVENT)

31. He is a convinced __________________
of Chinese communism (FOLLOW)

32. Jane’s party was more of an
__________________ test than anything else. (ENDURE)

33. The government has committed itself to
developing __________________ sources of energy. (NEW)

34. He took a job as a sales
__________________ in a big department store. (ASSIST)

35. The potential benefits of this
treatment __________________ the risks. (WEIGH)

36. Make sure the hairdryer is
__________________ before you fix the switch. (CONNECT)

37. They say that travel
__________________ the mind. (BROAD)

38. Without his teacher’s __________________
he would have given up long ago. (ENCOURAGE)

39. Dickens’s last novel was
__________________ The Mystery of Edwin Drood. (TITLE)

40.
She has known me for two years now but she still __________________ my name. (PRONOUNCE)

FCE (First Certificate)     Word Formation: Verbs

en-	-ify	-ise	-en
enlarge  enable  entrust  enrage  ensure  endanger	beautify  clarify  specify  identify  terrify  purify	televise  advise  organise  specialise  prioritise  criminalise  apologise	widen  lengthen  deepen  shorten  tighten  brighten  darken  weaken  strengthen

Write the correct form of the word in brackets to complete these sentences. Be very careful — these are verbs. So, for example, if the word is DEEP, the verb could be deepen, deepens, deepening or deepened.

1. I find it difficult to  my work. (PRIORITY)
2. I’m studying medicine. I want to  in genetics. (SPECIAL)
3. This photograph is too small. Can you  it for me? (LARGE)
4. I didn’t understand what you just said. Could you  it? (CLEAR)
5. My electronic dictionary  me to listen to the pronunciation of new words. (ABLE)
6. He loves insects. He can  over 50 different types of beetle.(IDENTITY)
7. There are a lot of accidents on this road — the council should  it. (WIDTH)
8. The time we spent apart only  my love for him. (STRONG)
9. You didn’t  what flavour you wanted, so I got you chocolate. (SPECIFIC)
10. His speech was too long. He should have  it. (SHORT)
11. He always thinks he’s right. He never  for his mistakes. (APOLOGY)
12. I think the government should  alcohol. (CRIMINAL)
13. Thank you for the flowers you sent last month. They really  up my room. (BRIGHT)
14. The burglar  that no one was in the house before he broke in. (SURE)
15. The film «The Ring»  me. I couldn’t sleep for days. (TERROR)
16. The government’s plans for the hospitals will  thousands of lives. (DANGER)

Word Formation: Nouns with -ion

Noun	Verb	Adjective
application	apply	applicable
permission	permit	permissable
solution	solve	unsolved
description	describe	descriptive
intention	intend	unintended
competition	compete	competitive
decision	decide	decisive
explanation	explain	unexplained
production	produce	productive
repetition	repeat	repetitive
consumption	comsume	consumable
qualification	qualify	qualified

Write the correct form of the word in brackets to complete these sentences. Some of the answers are irregular (from the table above), but there are other regular nouns included here. Don’t forget to use an -s if necessary.

1. Please send a photograph with your CV and  form. (APPLY)
2. You need to make a  today. (DECIDE)
3. Her  of the grammar was very unclear. (EXPLAIN)
4. We had a long  about our problems. (DISCUSS)
5. Students must have their parent’s  to come on the trip. (PERMIT)
6. He is still in hospital, recovering from his . (OPERATE)
7. I entered a bowling . (COMPETE)
8. My children never show  for anything I do! (APPRECIATE)
9. I can’t come up with a  to this problem. (SOLVE)
10. The  of junk food has increased over the last 20 years. (CONSUME)
11. You need a lot of  for this job. (QUALIFY)
12. When I lived abroad, I found the  from my family very difficult. (SEPARATE)
13. The  of the new flats is nearly finished. (CONSTRUCT)
14. We don’t want a  of the violence at last year’s football match. (REPEAT)
15. The police are conducting an  into the murder. (INVESTIGATE)
16. I gave the police a  of the thief. (DESCRIBE)
17. It wasn’t my  to offend you. (INTEND)
18. We are making  for the wedding. (PREPARE)
19. I’ve just had a very interesting  with your sister. (CONVERSE)
20. You can try our product for free, with no  to buy it. (OBLIGE)

Verb + ment / adjective + ness

Many verbs can form nouns with the suffix -ment. And many adjectives can form their nouns with the suffix -ness.

Verb	Noun	Adjective	Noun
achieve	achievement	aware	awareness
amuse	amusement	dark	darkness
argue	argument	forgetful	forgetfulness
develop	development	happy	happiness
encourage	encouragement	homeless	homelessness
excite	excitement	lazy	laziness
improve	improvement	lonely	loneliness
involve	involvement	rude	rudeness
judge	judgement	tidy	tidiness
measure	measurement	weak	weakness

Write the correct form of the word in brackets to complete these sentences. There are lots more examples here than in the list above, so remember that often verbs use ‘ment’ to make nouns, and often adjectives use ‘ness’. And remember that sometimes the nouns will be plural!

1. «Ladies and gentlemen, I would like to make an  . (ANNOUNCE)
2.  is a problem everywhere, not just in big cities. (HOMELESS)
3. His  made me very angry. (RUDE)
4. What  does your doctor recommend for the ‘flu? (TREAT)
5. We had a big  about whose turn it was to wash up. (ARGUE)
6. I woke up at 2am. The house was in complete  . (DARK)
7. We need some special  if we want to go mountain climbing. (EQUIP)
8. If you drink too much alcohol, it will impair your  . (JUDGE)
9. The interviewer asked me about my strengths and  . (WEAK)
10. My friends gave me a lot of  when I was worried about my driving test. (ENCOURAGE)
11. To my , I was offered £10,000 for my old car! (AMAZE)
12. The company has made lots of  to their internet services. (IMPROVE)
13. I used to find his  funny, but now it really annoys me. (FORGETFUL)
14. Winning the race was an amazing  for my daughter. (ACHIEVE)
15. This book is very unrealistic, but that didn’t spoil my of it. (ENJOY)
16. We are still making  for the wedding next month. (ARRANGE)
17. Drivers should stop to rest during long car journeys, because  can cause accidents. (TIRED)
18. People can experience  at many times during their lives, and for many reasons. (LONELY)

Word Formation: Nouns with -ence and -ance

Two common noun endings are -ance and -ence. Usually, their adjectives are made with -ant and -ent. Here are some common examples which might help you in the FCE exam.

Noun (-ence)	Adjective	Verb
evidence	evident	—
existence	existing	to exist
(in)dependence	(in)dependent	to depend
difference	different	to differ
intelligence	intelligent	—
(dis)obedience	(dis)obedient	to (dis)obey
excellence	excellent	to excel
silence	silent	to silence
violence	violent	to violate
innocence	innocent	—
occurrence	—	to occur
(im)patience	(im)patient	—

Noun (-ance)	Adjective	Verb
attendance attendant (person)	—	to attend
assistance assistant (person)	—	to assist
(dis)appearance	apparent	to (dis)appear
distance	distant	—
(un)importance	(un)important	—
acceptance	accepting	accept
reassurance	reassured	to reassure
(ir)relevance	(ir)relevant	—
(in)significance	(in)significant	to signify

1. Unfortunately, accidents are a common  along this road. (OCCUR)
2. It’s difficult to believe in the  of aliens. (EXIST)
3. The police are looking for  of the attack. (EVIDENT)
4. She thinks everyone hates her and needs  from her friends all the time. (REASSURE)
5. Scientist believe that the mysterious  of millions of bees is due to disease. (APPEAR)
6. What’s the best punishment for a  teenager? (OBEY)
7. What he said was true, but it was completely . (RELEVANCE)
8. 100%  is necessary to pass this course. (ATTEND)
9. I’m the only person who believes in his . Even the police think he’s guilty. (INNOCENT)
10. There are three shop  over there — you should ask one of them for help. (ASSIST)
11. Some people think that if you enjoy your job, the salary is , but I love money! (IMPORTANCE)
12. I’m excited because I’ve just got a letter of  from Cambridge University! (ACCEPT)
13. Cats are extremely  animals. They don’t really need people. (DEPEND)
14. You need a lot of  if you want to work with children. (PATIENT)

Word Formation: Adjectives with -ful/-less

Most adjectives which end in -ful make the negative with -less. But, not all. Note also that we can make adverbs from these adjectives with -fully or -lessly. For example, carefully and carelessly. This is a list of key words which might appear in the FCE exam.

Noun	Verb	Adjective
care	care	careful/careless
harm	harm	harmful/harmless
help	help	(un)helpful/helpless
hope	hope	hopeful/hopeless
pain	pain	painful/painless
power	power	powerful/powerless
use	use	useful/useless
thought	think	thoughtful/thoughtless
taste	taste	tasteful/tasteless

Noun	Verb	Adjective
count	count	countless/countable
end	end	endless
home	—	homeless
peace	—	peaceful
play	play	playful
price	price	priceless
success	succeed	(un)successful
truth	—	(un)truthful/(un)true
worth	worth	worthless

Write the correct adjective or adverb for each of these questions. You will need to use -ful/-less or -fully/-lessly. Some answers will also need un-.

1. 
   What a lovely present! That was very  of you. (THINK)
2. He drives really  — one day he’s going to have an accident. (CARE)
3. He’s told me  times about how good he is at football. (COUNT)
4. Because of his bad interview, he was  in his job application. (SUCCEED)
5. «I didn’t eat your chocolate,» she said  , hiding the empty wrapper. (TRUE)
6. It’s  . England will never win the World Cup football again. (HOPE)
7. My best friend is a rich,  lawyer. (POWER)
8. You must remember to recharge your phone. Without its batteries, it’s . (USE)
9. Cigarettes are  to your health. (HARM)
10. The sales assistant was really  and rude. (HELP)
11. A newborn baby is completely  . (HELP)
12. «Don’t worry — this injection will be completely  . (PAIN)
13. Thieves broke into the museum and stole a  painting by Van Gogh. (PRICE)
14. She’s really rich, but her clothes are always very  and elegant. (TASTE)
15. I bought some shares in the company 5 years ago, but unfortunately now they are  . (WORTH)
16. His speech went on . I thought he’d never stop talking. (END)

Word Formation: Negatives

1. Negative prefixes can be used with nouns, verbs, adjective and adverbs. For example disapproval, disapprove, disapproving, disapprovingly.
2. Usually im + p (impatient) but not always (unpleasant).
3. Often il + l (illegal) but not always (unlikely).
4. Often ir + r (irregular) but not always (unresponsive).
5. Usually -ful changes to -less (harmful/less) but not always (endless).

un-	in	dis-	im-
unexpected unaware unbelievable unknown unable	inaccurate inappropriate inefficient incapable ineffective	disapprove dislike disagree disbelief dishonest	improbable impossible impolite imperfect impatient
il-	ir-	mis-	-less
illegal illiterate illogical illegible	irregular irresponsible irrational irregular	misbehave misunderstand misspell misuse	careless harmless helpless endless

1. The politician was accused of being  (HONEST)
2. His story was so  I thought he was crazy. (BELIEVE)
3. She looked at him in  when he told her the shocking news. (BELIEVE)
4. Many people are  of the dangers of mobile phones. (AWARE)
5. He’s invited me to his party. It would be  to say no. (POLITE)
6. Too many children nowadays are growing up  . (LITERATE)
7. That’s not what I said! You’ve  me. (UNDERSTAND)
8. My dog is completely . I promise he won’t bite. (HARM)
9. The medicine was  — he didn’t recover. (EFFECT)
10. His answers were very  so he failed the Maths exam. (ACCURATE)
11. It’s  that people will ever live on the moon. (LIKELY)
12. He waited  for the train. (PATIENT)
13. It’s  to smoke in public places nowadays. (LEGAL)
14. I would never teach children. They always . (BEHAVE)
15. The shirt he’s wearing is completely  for a job interview. (APPROPRIATE)
16. His speech was . I thought he’d never stop talking. (END)

Word Formation: Irregular Nouns

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
(dis)belief	(dis)believe	(un)believable	(un)believably
a choice	choose	chosen	—
a defense	defend	defensive	defensively
a death	die	dead/deadly	deadly
a gift	give	—	—
a loss	lose	lost	—
a marriage	marry	(un)married	—
practice	practise	practising	—
pretense	pretend	—	—
proof	(dis)prove	(un)proven	—
safety	save	(un)safe	safely
a sight	see	unseen	—
a speech	speak	(un)spoken	—
a success	succeed	(un)successful	(un)successfully
a thought	think	thoughtful/less	thoughtfully/lessly

1. 
   The flowers are  poisonous — don’t eat them! (DIE)
2. You have no  — you must do it. (CHOOSE)
3. Their  was a very happy one. (MARRY)
4. You need to do some more  of this grammar. (PRACTISE)
5. We don’t have any  that he committed the crime. (PROVE)
6. She’s really  about her new haircut.(DEFEND)
7. The company made a  on their new product. (LOSE)
8. I stared at him in  . (BELIEVE)
9. Your parents really care about your . (SAVE)
10. The politician’s  really made me think about the issues. (SPEAK)
11. We tried to keep up the  that everything was OK. (PRETEND)
12. I need to get a  for my parents’ wedding anniverary. (GIVE)
13. I’m really sorry. You were  in your job application. (SUCCEED)
14. He lost his  in the accident (SEE)
15. He’s really selfish and  . (THINK)

Word Formation: height, width …

The word formation part of the FCE use of English exam often tests adjectives such as ‘short’, ‘wide’, ‘dark’ and their nouns and verbs. Here is a list of some of the more common adjectives and their forms.

Adjective	Noun	Verb
deep	depth	deepen
high	height	heighten
—	weight	weigh
wide	width	widen
long	length	lengthen
short	shortage (= not enough) shortness (= not tall)	shorten
large	enlargement	enlarge
low	—	lower
tight	tightness	tighten
loose	looseness	loosen
strong	strength	strengthen
weak	weakness	weaken
dark	darkness dark	darken
bright	brightness	brighten

1. 
   Normally I prefer tall men, but my husband’s  isn’t a problem. (SHORT)
2. The news report covered the economic crisis in  . (DEEP)
3. A healthy diet will  your life expectancy. (LONG)
4. If they  this road, there would be fewer accidents. (WIDE)
5. I think I’ll  this photograph. (LARGE)
6. The airport has  security at passport control. (TIGHT)
7. I do yoga to  my back. (STRONG)
8. There is a water  nearly every summer in the south of England. (SHORT)
9. The moment I left work I  my tie and started to relax. (LOOSE)
10. When I  myself, I found out I’d lost 10kg! (WEIGHT)
11. The  of my computer screen gives me a headache. (BRIGHT)
12. I’m afraid of  so I couldn’t live on the 10th floor. (HIGH)
13. The lights went out and the room was plunged into  . (DARK)
14. I’m afraid of the  so I sleep with the lights on. (DARKEN)
15. The government are going to  the legal drinking age to 18. (LOW)
16. His long illness has  him. (WEAK)