Word for words in latin - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Latin may not be commonly spoken today, but this classical language played a crucial role in world history and contributed to many words we’re familiar with in English today.

Because it is no longer spoken often, Latin has a certain appeal to modern language learners; it seems interesting, unique, and somewhat mysterious.

As you explore the language, you’ll find that there are plenty of cool Latin words you can use for usernames!

We list the best examples (with English translations/definitions) below.

We also have a Latin username generator and tips on finding your own neat Latin word for a username.

Invicta

unconquered/invincible
Permaximum

greatest
Lumen

light
Regius

royal
Aurum

gold
Magnus

great
Ventus

wind
Formidonis

terror
Nemo

no one
Electus

chosen
Terra

land
Papilio

butterfly
Ignotus

unknown
Serpentis

snake
Umbra

shadows
Monstrum

monster
Sine

without
Suavis

sweet
Pax

peace
Crepusculum

twilight
Mico

sparkle
Ignis

fire
Bellum

war
Imber

rain shower
Lux

light
Trucido

slay
Gladius

sword
Alius

different
Obscurus

dark
Quia

because
Amabilis

lovely
Immortalis

immortal
Nihil

nothing
Oscen

songbird
Lea

lioness
Idoneus

capable
Deus

God
Accensum

to set on fire
Leo

lion
Sapientia

wisdom
Vagus

wandering
Dexter

right
Fulminare

thunderbolts
Fulgeo

shining or radiant
Tutis

protected
Luna

moon
Aer

air
Tyrannus

tyrant
Solus

alone
Ergo

therefore
Vita

life
Sors

destiny
Habere

to have
Ara

altar
Artificiosus

skillful/artful
Spes

hope
Miles

soldier
Acer

sharp-minded
Vespa

wasp
Meliora

better
Tempestas

storm
Audire

to listen
Palmarium

outstanding
Stella

star
Unus

one
Antebellum

before war
Circa

approximately
Acerbus

bitter
Aliqui

someone
Mors

death
Subpoena

under penalty
Abduco

retreat
Lacero

to tear
Meus

my
Bonus

good
Verbatim

word for word
Ire

to go
Caelum

heaven
Audio

I hear
Silva

forest
Primus

first
Deorsum

down
Tempus

time
Ludus

sport/game
Novus

new
Libertas

freedom
Gaudium

joy
Felicitas

happiness
Prudentia

prudence
Potentia

power
Ingenium

talent
Caeleste

celestial
Serenus

serene/calm
Fortis

strong
Eximius

excellent
Strenuus

vigorous
Aberro

wander
Sacer

sacred
Fortuna

luck
Illustris

brilliant
Susurrar

whisper
Memento

remember
Diende

next
Anima

soul
Scribere

to write
Veto

forbid
Ultimus

last
Fides

faith
Dicere

to say
Res

things
Ego

I
Abditum

to conceal
Contra

contrary
Tamen

however
Passer

sparrow
Misericordia

mercy
Laetus

delighted
Amare

to love
Videre

to look
Praecipio

teach/advise
Adversum

against
Sinister

left
Apricus

sunlight
Nomen

name
Pulchritudo

beauty
Praeclarus

excellent
Aequus

equal
Veritas

truth
Benevolentia

benevolence/kindness
Humanitas

kindness
Sursum

up
Multus

much
Alii

others
Esse

to be
Emeritus

retired
Natura

nature
Serenitas

serenity

Latin Username Generator

Tips for Creating Your Own Latin Username

When choosing a Latin word for a username, you don’t necessarily need an in-depth knowledge of the language — just a good dictionary!

The best dictionaries you’ll find are those that come from academic institutions. (They tend to be more reliable than other online dictionaries, which may not be accurately sourced.)

In creating our list, we used the University of Notre Dame’s Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid and William Whitaker’s Words, which allows you to browse by letter or search for an English word.

We also recommend Latinitium, which offers four searchable Latin dictionaries online; you can search for Latin or English words.

With your dictionary of choice on hand, consider the following techniques to find a cool Latin word for a username:

Translate a word you like in English. Search for your favorite thing/name/word in English in one of the searchable Latin dictionaries. You’ll find the Latin translation of the word you search; similar words or synonyms may also appear in your search results. You might want to jot down a handful of your favorite words, so you have options, since not every word you like in English will translate well into Latin!
Randomize! Use a dictionary that is browsable by letter, click on a random letter, and look through the words until you find one that you like. Leaving an element of your choice up to chance can help you find words you were unaware of and find a word that immediately catches your eye.

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It’s guaranteed that you have or will run into some of these Latin terms in anything including the lightest reading. That’s because they’re everywhere. In newspapers, textbooks, manuals, et cetera. They are used in, inter alia, academic writing, text messaging, and, quite extensively, law documents. So, they are, ipso facto, very important to know. Ergo, we thought it’s a good idea to combine these Latin words and phrases in one place and explain what they mean so that when you run into some of them next time, you go like, ha! I have seen this word somewhere and I know what it means. So, let’s get down to it.

1. a priori

A belief or conclusion based on assumptions or reasoning of some sort rather than actual experience or empirical evidence. Before actually encountering, experiencing, or observing a fact.

2. a posteriori.

A fact, belief, or argument that is based on actual experience, experiment, or observation. After the fact.

3. ad astra.

To the stars.

4. ad hoc.

For a particular situation, without planning or consideration of some broader purpose or application.

5. ad hominem.

Directed to a particular person rather than generally, such as an attack on a person rather than a position they are espousing.

6. ad infinitum.

Repeat forever.

7. ad lib

Short for ad libitum. As you desire, at one’s pleasure. To speak or perform without preparation.

8. ad nauseam.

Repetition that has become annoying or tiresome.

9. affidavit.

He has sworn. Sworn statement.

10. alma mater.

Nourishing, kind, bounteous mother. School from which one graduated.

11. alias.

Also known as. Otherwise known as. Less commonly as the proper meaning of at another time, otherwise.

12. alibi.

In another place. Elsewhere. Reason one couldn’t have been in a location where an act was committed.

13. alter ego.

Other self. Another side of oneself.

14. A.D.

short for anno Domini. In the year of our Lord. Number of years since the birth of Jesus Christ.

15. a.m.

Short for ante meridiem. Before midday (noon.) Morning.

16. animus.

Spirit, mind, courage anger. Animosity. Intense opposition and ill will towards something, somebody, or some social group, commonly emotional, passionate, and mean-spirited. Hatred.

17. ante.

Before. Earlier. In a Supreme Court opinion, ante refers to an earlier page of the same opinion.

18. ante bellum.

Before the war.

19. ante mortem.

Before death.

20. bona fide.

Genuine. Real. With no intention to deceive.

21. c. / ca. / or cca.

Short for circa. Around. About. Approximately. Relative to a certain year.

22. carpe diem.

Seize the day or moment. Make the best of the present rather than delay or focus on the future.

23. caveat.

Warning, caution, disclaimer, or stipulation.

24. cf.

Short for confer. Compare to. In reference to, as a comparison.

25. cogito ergo sum.

I think, therefore I am — Descartes.

26. consensus.

Agreement. General or widespread agreement.

27. corpus.

Body, especially of written or textual matter such as books and papers.

28. curriculum.

Race. Course of a race. Path of a race. Subjects comprising a course of academic study.

29. CV

Short for curriculum vitae. The course of one’s life. Resume. List of significant academic and professional accomplishments, achievements, awards, education, and training.

30. de facto.

True or matter of fact as it is, regardless of intent, good reason, authority, or official reason for being such.

31. dictum.

Something said. Noteworthy, authoritative statement or principle. Common wisdom.

32. doctor.

Teacher. Learned person. Doctor.

33. ergo.

Therefore.

34. et al.

Short for et alia (neuter plural) or et alii (masculine plural) or et aliae (feminine plural). And others. And all of the others.

35. etc.

Short for et cetera.

36. e pluribus unum.

— Out of many, one — U.S. motto.

37. ex post.

After.

38. ex post facto.

After the fact.

39. e.g.

Short for exempli gratia. For the sake of example. For example.

40. ibid.

Short for ibidem or ib idem. In the same place. For a citation, indicates that it is from the same place as the preceding citation.

41. id.

short for idem. From the same source. For a citation, indicates that it is from the same source, but not from the same location in that source. In contrast to ibidem (ibid.) which means the same location or place in the same source as the preceding citation.

42. i.e.

Short for id est. That is. In other words.

43. in absentia.

Conducted in the absence of.

44. in camera.

In chambers. In private, commonly for legal proceedings, in the judge’s office (chambers.) before digital photography cameras were little “chambers.”

45. in situ.

In position. In place.

46. in toto.

As a whole. Entirely. All of it.

47. incognito.

Unknown. With one’s identity concealed. This is actually an Italian word, derived from the Latin word incognitus.

48. inter alia.

Among others. Among other things.

49. innuendo.

By nodding. Implied. Indirectly implied. Suggested. Oblique allusion.

50. intra.

Within. In a Supreme Court opinion, refers to a decision of another court, typically an appeals court.

51. ipso facto.

By that very fact or act. Therefore.

51. lingua franca.

Common language in a multi-language environment. Technically, it’s Italian.

52. magnum opus.

Great work. Greatest work. Masterpiece.

53. M.O.

short for modus operandi. Mode or method of operation. How you do things.

54. n.b. or N.B.

short for nota bene. Note well. It is worth noting that.

55. per capita.

Per person, for each person, of a population. Individually, but not for any particular person.

56. per cent.

or percent short for per centum. For each one hundred.

57. per se.

By itself. Intrinsically. Specifically.

58. p.m. / PM

short for post meridiem. After midday (noon.) Afternoon.

59. post.

After. Later. In a Supreme Court opinion, post refers to a later page of the same opinion.

60. post mortem.

After death.

61. prima facie.

On its face. Accepted on its face. Accepted as true based on initial impression. Accepted as true unless proven false.

62. PS.

short for post scriptum. Written after. After what has been written. In addition to what has been written. In addition.

63. quasi.

As if. As though. Resembling. Similar but not quite exactly the same. Having many but not all the features of.

64. quid pro quo.

This for that. An exchange of goods or services. A barter transaction. Any contractual transaction.

65. sic

or [sic]. So, this. The previous word should be taken literally even if it is not correct or appropriate.

66. stat.

or stat short for statim. Immediately. Now. without delay.

67. status quo.

The existing state of affairs. As it is. As things are.

68. stricto sensu

or sensu stricto. In a narrow, tight, or strict sense. Strictly speaking.

69. sui generis.

Of its own kind. Unique. Outside of existing categories. In law, outside of existing law.

70. supra.

Above. From the previous cited source.

71. tabula rasa.

Clean slate. Blank slate. Absence of any preconceived notions, ideas, goals, or purpose.

72. veni, vidi, vici.

I came, I saw, I conquered.

73. verbatim.

The same exact words. Literally.

74. vs.

short for versus. Against. In opposition to. As opposed to. In contrast to.

75. veto.

I forbid. Reject.

76. vice versa.

As well as the two immediately preceding subjects of a statement reversed. The same either way. The other way around.

77. viz.

short for videre licet or videlicet. Namely. That is.

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in: Character, Featured, Knowledge of Men

• May 10, 2019 • Last updated: September 3, 2021

What do great men like Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Theodore Roosevelt all have in common?

They all were proficient in Latin.

From the Middle Ages until about the middle of the 20th century, Latin was a central part of a man’s schooling in the West. Along with logic and rhetoric, grammar (as Latin was then known) was included as part of the Trivium – the foundation of a medieval liberal arts education. From Latin, all scholarship flowed and it was truly the gateway to the life of the mind, as the bulk of scientific, religious, legal, and philosophical literature was written in the language until about the 16^th century. To immerse oneself in classical and humanistic studies, Latin was a must.

Grammar schools in Europe and especially England during this time were Latin schools, and the first secondary school established in America by the Puritans was a Latin school as well. But beginning in the 14^th century, writers started to use the vernacular in their works, which slowly chipped away at Latin’s central importance in education. This trend for English-language learning accelerated in the 19^th century; schools shifted from turning out future clergymen to graduating businessmen who would take their place in an industrializing economy. An emphasis on the liberal arts slowly gave way to what was considered a more practical education in reading, writing, and arithmetic.

While Latin had been dying a slow death for hundreds of years, it still had a strong presence in schools until the middle of the 20^th century. Beginning in the 1960s, college students demanded that the curriculum be more open, inclusive, and less Euro-centric. Among their suggested changes was eliminating Latin as a required course for all students. To quell student protests, universities began to slowly phase out the Latin requirement, and because colleges stopped requiring Latin, many high schools in America stopped offering Latin classes, too. Around the same time, the Catholic Church revised its liturgy and permitted priests to lead Mass in vernacular languages instead of Latin, thus eliminating one of the public’s last ties to the ancient language.

While it’s no longer a requirement for a man to know Latin to get ahead in life, it’s still a great subject to study. I had to take classes in Latin as part of my “Letters” major at the University of Oklahoma, and I really enjoyed it. Even if you’re well out of school yourself, there are a myriad of reasons why you should still consider obtaining at least a rudimentary knowledge of the language:

Knowing Latin can improve your English vocabulary. While English is a Germanic language, Latin has strongly influenced it. Most of our prefixes and some of the roots of common English words derive from Latin. By some estimates, 30% of English words derive from the ancient language. By knowing the meaning of these Latin words, if you chance to come across a word you’ve never seen before, you can make an educated guess at what it means. In fact, studies have found that high school students who studied Latin scored a mean of 647 on the SAT verbal exam, compared with the national average of 505.

Knowing Latin can improve your foreign language vocabulary. Much of the commonly spoken Romanic languages like Spanish, French, and Italian derived from Vulgar Latin. You’ll be surprised by the number of Romanic words that are pretty much the same as their Latin counterparts.

Many legal terms are in Latin. Nolo contendere. Mens rea. Caveat emptor. Do you know what those mean? They’re actually common legal terms. While strides have been made to translate legal writing into plain English, you’ll still see old Latin phrases thrown into legal contracts every now and then. To be an educated citizen and consumer, you need to know what these terms mean. If you plan on going to law school, I highly recommend boning up on Latin. You’ll run into it all the time, particularly when reading older case law.

Knowing Latin can give you more insight to history and literature. Latin was the lingua franca of the West for over a thousand years. Consequently, much of our history, science, and great literature was first recorded in Latin. Reading these classics in the original language can give you insights you otherwise may have missed by consuming it in English.

Moreover, modern writers (and by modern I mean beginning in the 17th century) often pepper their work with Latin words and phrases without offering a translation because they (reasonably) expect the reader to be familiar with it. This is true of great books from even just a few decades ago (seems much less common these days – which isn’t a hopeful commentary on the direction of the public’s literacy I would think). Not having a rudimentary knowledge of Latin will cause you to miss out on fully understanding what the writer meant to convey.

Below we’ve put together a list of Latin words and phrases to help pique your interest in learning this classical language. This list isn’t exhaustive by any stretch of the imagination. We’ve included some of the most common Latin words and phrases that you still see today, which are helpful to know in boosting your all-around cultural literacy. We’ve also included some particularly virile sayings, aphorisms, and mottos that can inspire greatness or remind us of important truths. Perhaps you’ll find a Latin phrase that you can adopt as your personal motto. Semper Virilis!

Latin Words and Phrases Every Man Should Know

a posteriori — from the latter; knowledge or justification is dependent on experience or empirical evidence
a priori — from what comes before; knowledge or justification is independent of experience
acta non verba — deeds, not words
ad hoc — to this — improvised or made up
ad hominem — to the man; below-the-belt personal attack rather than a reasoned argument
ad honorem — for honor
ad infinitum — to infinity
ad nauseam — used to describe an argument that has been taking place to the point of nausea
ad victoriam — to victory; more commonly translated into “for victory,” this was a battle cry of the Romans
alea iacta est — the die has been cast
alias — at another time; an assumed name or pseudonym
alibi — elsewhere
alma mater — nourishing mother; used to denote one’s college/university
amor patriae — love of one’s country
amor vincit omnia — love conquers all
annuit cœptis –He (God) nods at things being begun; or “he approves our undertakings,” motto on the reverse of the Great Seal of the United States and on the back of the United States one-dollar bill
ante bellum — before the war; commonly used in the Southern United States as antebellum to refer to the period preceding the American Civil War
ante meridiem — before noon; A.M., used in timekeeping
aqua vitae — water of life; used to refer to various native distilled beverages, such as whisky (uisge beatha) in Scotland and Ireland, gin in Holland, and brandy (eau de vie) in France
arte et marte — by skill and valour
astra inclinant, sed non obligant — the stars incline us, they do not bind us; refers to the strength of free will over astrological determinism
audemus jura nostra defendere — we dare to defend our rights; state motto of Alabama
audere est facere — to dare is to do
audio — I hear
aurea mediocritas — golden mean; refers to the ethical goal of reaching a virtuous middle ground between two sinful extremes
auribus teneo lupum — I hold a wolf by the ears; a common ancient proverb; indicates that one is in a dangerous situation where both holding on and letting go could be deadly; a modern version is, “to have a tiger by the tail”
aut cum scuto aut in scuto — either with shield or on shield; do or die, “no retreat”; said by Spartan mothers to their sons as they departed for battle
aut neca aut necare — either kill or be killed
aut viam inveniam aut faciam — I will either find a way or make one; said by Hannibal, the great ancient military commander
barba non facit philosophum — a beard doesn’t make one a philosopher
bellum omnium contra omnes — war of all against all
bis dat qui cito dat — he gives twice, who gives promptly; a gift given without hesitation is as good as two gifts
bona fide — good faith
bono malum superate — overcome evil with good
carpe diem — seize the day
caveat emptor — let the buyer beware; the purchaser is responsible for checking whether the goods suit his need
circa — around, or approximately
citius altius forties — faster, higher, stronger; modern Olympics motto
cogito ergo sum — “I think therefore I am”; famous quote by Rene Descartes
contemptus mundi/saeculi — scorn for the world/times; despising the secular world, the monk or philosopher’s rejection of a mundane life and worldly values
corpus christi — body of Christ
corruptissima re publica plurimae leges — when the republic is at its most corrupt the laws are most numerous; said by Tacitus
creatio ex nihilo — creation out of nothing; a concept about creation, often used in a theological or philosophical context
cura te ipsum — take care of your own self; an exhortation to physicians, or experts in general, to deal with their own problems before addressing those of others
curriculum vitae — the course of one’s life; in business, a lengthened resume
de facto — from the fact; distinguishing what’s supposed to be from what is reality
deo volente — God willing
deus ex machina — God out of a machine; a term meaning a conflict is resolved in improbable or implausible ways
dictum factum — what is said is done
disce quasi semper victurus vive quasi cras moriturus — learn as if you’re always going to live; live as if tomorrow you’re going to die
discendo discimus — while teaching we learn
docendo disco, scribendo cogito — I learn by teaching, think by writing
ductus exemplo — leadership by example
ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt — the fates lead the willing and drag the unwilling; attributed to Lucius Annaeus Seneca
dulce bellum inexpertis — war is sweet to the inexperienced
dulce et decorum est pro patria mori — it is sweet and fitting to die for your country
dulcius ex asperis — sweeter after difficulties
e pluribus unum — out of many, one; on the U.S. seal, and was once the country’s de facto motto
emeritus — veteran; retired from office
ergo — therefore
et alii — and others; abbreviated et al.
et cetera — and the others
et tu, Brute? — last words of Caesar after being murdered by friend Brutus in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, used today to convey utter betrayal
ex animo — from the heart; thus, “sincerely”
ex libris — from the library of; to mark books from a library
ex nihilo — out of nothing
ex post facto — from a thing done afterward; said of a law with retroactive effect
faber est suae quisque fortunae — every man is the artisan of his own fortune; quote by Appius Claudius Caecus
fac fortia et patere — do brave deeds and endure
fac simile — make alike; origin of the word “fax”
flectere si nequeo superos, acheronta movebo — if I cannot move heaven I will raise hell; from Virgil’s Aeneid
fortes fortuna adiuvat — fortune favors the bold
fortis in arduis — strong in difficulties
gloria in excelsis Deo — glory to God in the highest
habeas corpus — you should have the body; a legal term from the 14th century or earlier; commonly used as the general term for a prisoner’s right to challenge the legality of their detention
habemus papam — we have a pope; used after a Catholic Church papal election to announce publicly a successful ballot to elect a new pope
historia vitae magistra — history, the teacher of life; from Cicero; also “history is the mistress of life”
hoc est bellum — this is war
homo unius libri (timeo) — (I fear) a man of one book; attributed to Thomas Aquinas
honor virtutis praemium — esteem is the reward of virtue
hostis humani generis — enemy of the human race; Cicero defined pirates in Roman law as being enemies of humanity in general
humilitas occidit superbiam — humility conquers pride
igne natura renovatur integra — through fire, nature is reborn whole
ignis aurum probat — fire tests gold; a phrase referring to the refining of character through difficult circumstances
in absentia — in the absence
in aqua sanitas — in water there is health
in flagrante delicto — in flaming crime; caught red-handed, or in the act
in memoriam — into the memory; more commonly “in memory of”
in omnia paratus — ready for anything
in situ — in position; something that exists in an original or natural state
in toto — in all or entirely
in umbra, igitur, pugnabimus — then we will fight in the shade; made famous by Spartans in the battle of Thermopylae and by the movie 300
in utero — in the womb
in vitro — in glass; biological process that occurs in the lab
incepto ne desistam — may I not shrink from my purpose
intelligenti pauca — few words suffice for he who understands
invicta — unconquered
invictus maneo — I remain unvanquished
ipso facto — by the fact itself; something is true by its very nature
labor omnia vincit — hard work conquers all
laborare pugnare parati sumus — to work, (or) to fight; we are ready
labore et honore — by labor and honor
leges sine moribus vanae — laws without morals [are] vain
lex parsimoniae — law of succinctness; also known as Occam’s Razor; the simplest explanation is usually the correct one
lex talionis — the law of retaliation
magna cum laude — with great praise
magna est vis consuetudinis — great is the power of habit
magnum opus — great work; said of someone’s masterpiece
mala fide — in bad faith; said of an act done with knowledge of its illegality, or with intention to defraud or mislead someone; opposite of bona fide
malum in se — wrong in itself; a legal term meaning that something is inherently wrong
malum prohibitum — wrong due to being prohibited; a legal term meaning that something is only wrong because it is against the law
mea culpa — my fault
meliora — better things; carrying the connotation of “always better”
memento mori — remember that [you will] die; was whispered by a servant into the ear of a victorious Roman general to check his pride as he paraded through cheering crowds after a victory; a genre of art meant to remind the viewer of the reality of his death
memento vivere — remember to live
memores acti prudentes future — mindful of what has been done, aware of what will be
modus operandi — method of operating; abbreviated M.O.
montani semper liberi — mountaineers [are] always free; state motto of West Virginia
morior invictus — death before defeat
morituri te salutant — those who are about to die salute you; popularized as a standard salute from gladiators to the emperor, but only recorded once in Roman history
morte magis metuenda senectus — old age should rather be feared than death
mulgere hircum — to milk a male goat; to attempt the impossible
multa paucis — say much in few words
nanos gigantum humeris insidentes — dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants; commonly known by the letters of Isaac Newton: “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”
nec aspera terrent — they don’t terrify the rough ones; frightened by no difficulties; less literally “difficulties be damned”
nec temere nec timide — neither reckless nor timid
nil volentibus arduum — nothing [is] arduous for the willing
nolo contendere — I do not wish to contend; that is, “no contest”; a plea that can be entered on behalf of a defendant in a court that states that the accused doesn’t admit guilt, but will accept punishment for a crime
non ducor, duco — I am not led; I lead
non loqui sed facere — not talk but action
non progredi est regredi — to not go forward is to go backward
non scholae, sed vitae discimus — we learn not for school, but for life; from Seneca
non sequitur — it does not follow; in general, a comment which is absurd due to not making sense in its context (rather than due to being inherently nonsensical or internally inconsistent); often used in humor
non sum qualis eram — I am not such as I was; or “I am not the kind of person I once was”
nosce te ipsum — know thyself; from Cicero
novus ordo seclorum — new order of the ages; from Virgil; motto on the Great Seal of the United States
nulla tenaci invia est via — for the tenacious, no road is impassable
obliti privatorum, publica curate — forget private affairs, take care of public ones; Roman political saying which reminds that common good should be given priority over private matters for any person having a responsibility in the State
panem et circenses — bread and circuses; originally described all that was needed for emperors to placate the Roman mob; today used to describe any entertainment used to distract public attention from more important matters
para bellum — prepare for war; if you want peace, prepare for war; if a country is ready for war, its enemies are less likely to attack
parvis imbutus tentabis grandia tutus — when you are steeped in little things, you shall safely attempt great things; sometimes translated as, “once you have accomplished small things, you may attempt great ones safely”
pater familias — father of the family; the eldest male in a family
pecunia, si uti scis, ancilla est; si nescis, domina — if you know how to use money, money is your slave; if you don’t, money is your master
per angusta ad augusta — through difficulties to greatness
per annum — by the year
per capita — by the person
per diem — by the day
per se — through itself
persona non grata — person not pleasing; an unwelcome, unwanted or undesirable person
pollice verso — with a turned thumb; used by Roman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator
post meridiem — after noon; P.M.; used in timekeeping
post mortem — after death
postscriptum — thing having been written afterward; in writing, abbreviated P.S.
praemonitus praemunitus — forewarned is forearmed
praesis ut prosis ne ut imperes — lead in order to serve, not in order to rule
primus inter pares — first among equals; a title of the Roman Emperors
pro bono — for the good; in business, refers to services rendered at no charge
pro rata — for the rate
quam bene vivas referre (or refert), non quam diu — it is how well you live that matters, not how long; from Seneca
quasi — as if; as though
qui totum vult totum perdit — he who wants everything loses everything; attributed to Seneca
quid agis — what’s going on; what’s up, what’s happening, etc.
quid pro quo — this for that; an exchange of value
quidquid Latine dictum sit altum videtur — whatever has been said in Latin seems deep; or “anything said in Latin sounds profound”; a recent ironic Latin phrase to poke fun at people who seem to use Latin phrases and quotations only to make themselves sound more important or “educated”
quis custodiet ipsos custodes? — who will guard the guards themselves?; commonly associated with Plato
quorum — of whom; the number of members whose presence is required under the rules to make any given meeting constitutional
requiescat in pace — let him rest in peace; abbreviated R.I.P.
rigor mortis — stiffness of death
scientia ac labore — knowledge through hard work
scientia ipsa potentia est — knowledge itself is power
semper anticus — always forward
semper fidelis — always faithful; U.S. Marines motto
semper fortis — always brave
semper paratus — always prepared
semper virilis — always virile
si vales, valeo — when you are strong, I am strong
si vis pacem, para bellum — if you want peace, prepare for war
sic parvis magna — greatness from small beginnings — motto of Sir Frances Drake
sic semper tyrannis — thus always to tyrants; attributed to Brutus at the time of Julius Caesar’s assassination, and to John Wilkes Booth at the time of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination; whether it was actually said at either of these events is disputed
sic vita est — thus is life; the ancient version of “it is what it is”
sola fide — by faith alone
sola nobilitat virtus — virtue alone ennobles
solvitur ambulando — it is solved by walking
spes bona — good hope
statim (stat) — immediately; medical shorthand
status quo — the situation in which; current condition
subpoena — under penalty
sum quod eris — I am what you will be; a gravestone inscription to remind the reader of the inevitability of death
summa cum laude — with highest praise
summum bonum — the supreme good
suum cuique — to each his own
tabula rasa — scraped tablet; “blank slate”; John Locke used the term to describe the human mind at birth, before it had acquired any knowledge
tempora heroic — Heroic Age
tempus edax rerum — time, devourer of all things
tempus fugit — time flees; commonly mistranslated “time flies”
terra firma — firm ground
terra incognita — unknown land; used on old maps to show unexplored areas
vae victis — woe to the conquered
vanitas vanitatum omnia vanitas — vanity of vanities; everything [is] vanity; from the Bible (Ecclesiastes 1)
veni vidi vici — I came, I saw, I conquered; famously said by Julius Caesar
verbatim — repeat exactly
veritas et aequitas — truth and equity
versus — against
veto — I forbid
vice versa — to change or turn around
vincit qui patitur — he conquers who endures
vincit qui se vincit — he conquers who conquers himself
vir prudens non contra ventum mingit — [a] wise man does not urinate [up] against the wind
virile agitur — the manly thing is being done
viriliter agite — act in a manly way
viriliter agite estote fortes — quit ye like men, be strong
virtus tentamine gaudet — strength rejoices in the challenge
virtute et armis — by virtue and arms; or “by manhood and weapons”; state motto of Mississippi
vive memor leti — live remembering death
vivere est vincere — to live is to conquer; Captain John Smith’s personal motto
vivere militare est — to live is to fight
vox populi — voice of the people

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Источник

Latin Word

Definition

English Derivatives

villa

villa, house

villa, village, villager

alta

tall, high, deep

altitude, altimeter, alto

antiqua

antique, old

antique, antiquity, ancient

longa

long

longitude, longevity, long

magna

large, great

magnify, magnificent, magnitude

pictura

picture

picture, picturesque, pictorial

nova

new

novice, novel, novelty, nova, Nova Scotia

terra

land, earth

terrier, terrace, terrestrial, terrain

prima

first

prime, primary, primitive, primeval

sub

under

subway, subterranean, suburban

corna

horn

cornucopia, cornet, clavicorn

est

estate, establish, essence

habere

have

have, habit, habitual

casa

small house

casino

via

street

via

parva

small

parval, parvanimity

lata

wide, broad

latitude, lateral, latitudinal

bona

good

bonus, bonanza, bona fide

copia

plenty

copious, cornucopia, copiously

fama

fame

fame, famous, infamous

provincia

province

province, provincial, provincialism

multa

many

multitude, multiple, multiplex

nominare

to name

nominate, nominal, name, nominative

postea

later

postlude, postgraduate, posthumous

non

not

nonfction, nonmetal, nonexistent

aqua

water

aquatics, aquarium, aqueduct, aqueous

agricola

farmer

agriculture

bestia

beast

bestial, bestiality

figura

figure, shape

figure, figurine, figment, figurative

flamma

flame

flame, flamboyant, flambeau

herba

herb

herb, herbivorous, herbage

insula

island

insular, insulate, insularity

lingua

language

language, lingual, linguistics

nauta

sailor

nautical, nautilus

pirata

pirate

pirate, piratical

schola

school

scholar, school, scholastic

alba

white

albino, albinism albumen

amica

friendly

amicable, amicability, amity

beata

happy

beatific, beatify, beatitude

maritima

sea

maritime

mea

me, my

mira

strange

miracle, miraculous, mirage

nota

noted

noted, note, notice, notable, noticeable

obscura

dark

obscure, obscured, obscurity

periculosa

dangerous

perilous, peril

propinqua

near to

propinquity

pulchra

beautiful

pulchritude

quieta

quiet

quiet, quietude, disquiet

circum

around

circumstance, circumnavigate, circumspect

filia

daughter

filly, filial

folium

leaf

foliage, foliaceous, foliar

aureus

golden

aurorial, aurorean, aurous

plumbeus

leaden

plumbing, plumbous, plumbic, plumbeous

mutare

to change

mutation, commute, transmute

vulnerare

to wound

vulnerable, invulnerable, vulnerary

vitare

to avoid

inevitable, inevitably, inevitability

morbus

disease

morbid, morbidity, morbific

populus

people

populous, population, popular

radius

ray

radius, radial, radiation

arma

arms (weapons)

arms, armed, armament, army

saxum

rock

saxatile, saxicoline, saxifrage

evocare

call forth

evoke, evocable, evocator

femina

woman

feminine, effeminate, femme

densa

thick

dense, densely, density

territa

frightened

terrified, terrific

Источник

This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages).

Ancient orthography did not distinguish between i and j or between u and v.^[1] Many modern works distinguish u from v but not i from j. In this article, both distinctions are shown as they are helpful when tracing the origin of English words. See also Latin phonology and orthography.

The citation form for nouns (the form normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the Latin nominative singular, but that typically does not exhibit the root form from which English nouns are generally derived.

Latin nouns and adjectives A–M Citation form Declining stem Meaning English derivatives abdomen abdomin- belly abdomen, abdominal, abdominous, intra-abdominal accipiter accipitr- hawk Accipiter, accipitrine acer acer- maple aceric ācer ācr- sharp acrid, acridine, acridity, acrimonious, acrimony, acritude, acrity, acrolein, eager, vinegar acerbus
• acerbior
• acerbissimus acerb- bitter acerbic, acerbity, exacerbate, exacerbation acervus acerv- heap acerval, acervate, acervation, acervative, acervose, Acervulinacea, acervuline, acervulus, coacervate, coacervation †acervulus acervul- acētum acēt- vinegar acetabuliform, acetabulum, acetate, acetic, acetone, aceturic, triacetate acinus acin- berry acinaceous, acinar, acinarious, aciniform, acinose, acinous, acinus, interacinous acus acer- chaff acerose acus acū- needle acicular, acuity, aculeate, aculeolate, aculeus, acumen, acuminate, acupuncture, acusector, acutance, acute, acutifoliate, acutilingual, acutilobate, aiguille, cute, eglantine, nonacuity, peracute, subacute †acicula acicul- †acula acul- adeps adip- fat adipocere, adipose aedes, aedis aed- building aedicule, aedile, cavaedium, edification, edifice, edile †aedicula aedicul- aemulus aemul-, im- emulate, emulation, emulator, emulous, image, imagerial, imagery, imagination, imaginative, imagine, imitable, imitate, imitation, inimitable, preimage, subimago aequus aequ-, -iqu- even, level adequacy, adequality, adequate, disequilibrium, equable, equal, equality, equanimity, equant, equation, equational, equative, equator, equatorial, equilibrium, equitable, equity, equivalence, equivalent, inadequacy, inadequate, inequality, iniquitous, iniquity aes aer- ore aeneator, aeneous, aeruginous, aerugite, aerugo, aim, disesteem, eruginous, esteem, estimable, estimate, inestimable aestas aest- summer aestival, aestivate, aestivation, estivate, estivator aestus aestu- estuarial, estuarine, estuary aetās aet- age coetaneity, coetaneous aevum aev- age, eon age, coeternal, coeval, coevality, eternal, eterne, eviternal, grandevity, grandevous, longevity, longevous, mediaeval, nonage, premediaeval, primaeval, primeval ager agr-, -egr- field agrarian, agrestal, agricultural, agriculture, nonagrarian, nonagricultural, peragration, peregrine, peregrinus, pilgrim, pilgrimage †agrellus agrell- āla^{[note 1]} āl- wing aileron, aisle, alar, alate, aliferous, aliform, aligerous alacer
• alacrior alacr- quick alacritous, alacrity, allegresse, allegretto, allegro albus
• albior
• albissimus alb- dull white alb, alba, albarium, albedo, albino, albite, album, albumen, albumin, aubade alga alg- seaweed algae, algal, algicidal, algicide alius ali- other abalienate, alias, alibi, alien, alienability, alienable, alienate, alienation, aliquot, inalienability, inalienable, nonalien allium, ālium alli- garlic Allium alter alter- other adulterant, adulterate, adulteration, adulterine, adulterous, adultery, alter, alter ego, alterability, alterable, alterant, alteration, alterative, inalterable alternus altern- altern, alternant, alternate, alternation, alternative, alternator, bialternant alumnus alumn- alumnus alumni alveus alve- alveolar, alveolate, alveolus, interalveolar, postalveolar †alveolus alveol- amārus amar- bitter amarelle, amaretti, amaretto, amarine, amaritude, amaro ambō amb- both ambient, ambiguous amoenus amoen- amenity amplus
• amplior
• amplissimus ampl- ample ample, ampliate, ampliation, amplification, amplitude anas anat- duck Anas, anatine ancūla ancūl- ancillary †ancilla ancill- anguis angu- snake Anguidae, anguiform, Anguilla, anguilliform, anguine, anguineous anguiculus anguicul- †Anguilla anguill- angulus angul- corner angular, angularity, angulose, biangular, biangulate, equiangular, equiangularity, multangular, multiangular, nonrectangular, octangle, octangular, quadrangle, quadrangular, quinquangular, rectangle, rectangular, semiangle, semiangular, septangle, septangular, sexangle, sexangular, triangle, triangular, triangularity, triangulation †angellus angell- anima anim- breath, life, soul anima, animal, animalcule, animate, animation, animato, animator, exanimate, inanimate, reanimate animus anim- mind, anger animadversion, animose, animosity, animus, equanimity, equanimous, multanimous, nonunanimous, pusillanimity, pusillanimous, unanimity, unanimous annus ann-, -enn- year annals, annates, anniversary, annotinous, annual, annuity, biannual, bicentennial, biennial, biennium, bimillennial, centennial, decennial, millennial, millennium, octennial, per annum, perennate, perennial, quadrennial, quadrennium, quinquennial, quinquennium, semiannual, septennial, sexennial, superannuate, superannuation, triennial, triennium ānser ānser- goose Anser, anserine †anserculus ansercul- gosling antenna antenn- antenna, antennal, antennule ānus an- ring anal, annelid, Annelida, annular, annulate, annulation, annulus, anus, biannulate, circumanal, exannulate, penannular, semiannular, subanal †ānulus anul- †ānellus anell- apis ap- bee apian, apiarian, apiary, apiculture aqua aqu- water acquacotta, akvavit, aqua vitae, aquaculture, aquamanile, aquamarine, aquarelle, aquarial, aquarium, Aquarius, aquatic, aquatile, aqueduct, aqueous, aquifer, aquiferous, aquiform, ewer, gouache, semiaquatic, sewage, sewer, sewerage †aquula aquul- aquila aquil- eagle Aquila, aquiline, aquilinity arbiter^{[note 2]} arbitr- – arbiter, arbitrable, arbitrage, arbitrageur, arbitral, arbitrament, arbitrarious, arbitrary, arbitrate, arbitration, arbitrator, arbitratrix, arbitress, nonarbitrary arbor, arbōs arbor- tree arboraceous, arboreal, arboreality, arboreous, arborescence, arborescent, arboretum, arboricide, arboriculture, arborous, arborvitae, arbuscle, arbuscular †arbuscula arbuscul- arca arc- arcane †arcula arcul- arcus arc- bow arc, arciform, arco, arcuate arduus ardu- steep arduous argentum argent- silver argent, argentate, argenteous, argentiferous, Argentina, argentite arma arm- arms (weapons) alarm, ambry, armada, armadillo, armament, armamentarium, armarium, armature, armiferous, armiger, armigerous, armipotent, armistice, armor, armorial, armory, army, disarm, disarmament, gendarme, gendarmerie, nonarmigerous, rearm, rearmament armus arm- shoulder armill, armillary, armillifer †armilla armill- ars art-
-ert- art, skill artifact, artifice, artificial, artificiality, artisan, artisanal, artisanality, inartificial, inert, inertia, inertial, noninert, noninertial artus art- tight arctation, coarct, coarctate, coarctation artūs art- joint article, articulable, articulacy, articular, articulate, articulation, articulative, articulator, articulatory, biarticular, biarticulate, coarticulation, disarticulation, inarticulable, inarticulacy, inarticulate, interarticular, intra-articular, multiarticular, multiarticulate, quinquarticular, subarticle, triarticulate †articulus articul- arvus arv- plowed arval as ass-
-uss- ace, decussate, decussation, semis, tremissis asinus asin- donkey Aselli, asinine, Asinus, easel †asellus asell- asper asper- rough asperate, asperatus, asperity, exasperate, exasperation astus ast- astute audāx
• audācior
• audācissimus audāc- brave, bold audacious, audacity auris aur- ear aural, auricle, auricular, auriculate, auriform, auscultation, biauricular, biauriculate, binaural, circumaural, interauricular, scout †auricula auricul- aurum aur- gold aurate, aureate, aureole, auriferous, aurification, aurous, dory, inaurate, inauration, oriole, orpiment avēna avēn- oat Avena, avenaceous, avenary, avener avis avi- bird aucupation, augur, auspex, auspicate, auspice, auspicious, Aves, avian, aviary, aviation, aviator, aviatrix, avicide, Avicula, aviculture, avifauna †aucella aucell- †avicula avicul- avunculus avuncul- uncle, mother’s brother avuncular, avunculate, avunculicide, avunculocal, uncle axis axi- axle abaxial, adaxial, axial, axiality, axifugal, axile, biaxial, biaxiality, coaxial, interaxial, multiaxial, semiaxis, triaxial, triaxiality, uniaxial baca bac- berry baccalaureate, baccate, bacciferous, bacciform, baccivorous, bagasse, bagatelle †bacula bacul- baculum bacul- staff bacillary, bacilliform, bacillus, baculiform, baculine, baguette, debacle, imbecile, imbecility †bacillum bacill- bāiulus, bājulus bāiul- carrier bail, bailee, bailie, bailiff, bailiwick, bailliage, baillie, bailment, bailor barba barb- beard barb, barbate, barbel, barbellate, barber, barbet, barbicel, barbine, barbule, rebarbative †barbula barbul- bassus bass- low abase, abasement, bas-relief, base, basset, basso, bassoon, bassus, debase, debasement beatus beat- blessed beatification, Beatitudes bellum bell- war antebellum, bellic, bellicose, bellicosity, belligerence, belligerent, debellatio, imbellic, rebel, rebellion, revel, revelment, revelry bellus bell- pretty beautiful, beauty, embellish, embellishment bene ben- well benediction, benedictional, benedictory, benefaction, benefactive, benefactor, benefactrix, benefic, benefice, beneficence, beneficent, benefit, benign, benignity bestia besti- animal beast, bestial, bestiary bini bin- two each binary, binate, combination, combinatorial, combine, recombinant bonus
• melior
• optimus bon-
• melior-
• optim- good
• better
• best bonbon, bonify, bonitary, bonus, boon, debonair
• ameliorate, amelioration, meliority
• optimal, optimate, optimum, suboptimal bōs bov- cow, ox bovine, bovinic acid botulus botul- sausage botulin, boudin †botellus botell- bracchium brac- arm, support embrace, braces, bracelet brevis brev- brief, short abbreviate, abbreviation, breve, brevet, breviary, brevity, brief, debrief bucca bucc- cheek, mouth, cavity buccal, buccinator muscle, buckle, debouch, debuccalization †buccula buccul- bulbus bulb- bulbous bulb, bulbar, bulbose, bulbous, bulbule †bulbulus bulbul- bulla bull- bubble, flask bill, billet, boil, boilery, bola, bolillo, bouillon, bowl, bull, bulla, bullion, ebullience, ebullient, ebullition, garboil bursa burs- pouch, purse bolson, bourse, bursa, bursar, bursary, disbursal, disburse, disbursement, imburse, reimburse, reimbursement caballus caball- horse caballero, cavalcade, cavalero, cavalier, cavalry, chevalier, chivalrous, chivalry calvus calv- bald calvarium, Calvary, Calvin, calvities, calvity, calvous calx calc-
-culc- heel calcaneal, calcaneum, calcaneus, calque, calzone, caulk, inculcate, inculcation, recalcitrance, recalcitrant, retrocalcaneal calx calc- limestone, pebble calcareous, calciferous, calcific, calcification, calciform, calcite, calcium, calculability, calculable, calculate, calculation, calculator, calculus, caliche, chalk, decalcification, incalculable, precalculate, recalcification, recalculate †calculus calcul- camera camer- vault antechamber, bicameral, cabaret, camaraderie, camber, camera, chamber, chamberlain, comrade, concamerate, concameration, multicamera, multicameral, tricameral, unicameral camisia camisi- shirt camisade, camisado, Camisard, camisole, chemise campus camp- field camp, campaign, campesino, campestral, campo, campsite, campus, champart, champarty, champertous, champerty, champignon, champion, decamp, decampment, encamp, encampment cancer cancr- crab cancer, cancerate, cancerous, cancriform, cancrine, canker, precancerous candēla candēl- candle candela, candelabra, candelabrum, chandelier, chandler, chandlery canis can- dog canaille, canary, canicular, canicule, canid, canine, Canis, Canis Major, postcanine cānus cān- gray, grey canescence, canescent capanna capann- cabana, cabin, cabinetry caper, capra capr- goat cabriole, cabriolet, caper, capreolate, capric, Capricorn, caprid, caprifig, capriform, caprigenous, caprine, capriole †capellus capell- †capreolus, capreola capreol- capillus capill- hair capellini, capillaceous, capillarity, capillary, capilliform, capillose, dishevel, dishevelment, precapillary capsa caps- box, case caisson, cajón, capsicum, capsular, capsule, case, cashier, cassette, cassone, chassis, encapsulant, encapsulate, encapsulation, encase, encasement, incase, incasement, intracapsular, subcapsular †capsella capsell- †capsula capsul- caput capit-, -cipit- head achievable, achieve, achievement, ancipital, ancipitous, biceps, bicipital, cabotage, cad, caddie, cadet, cape, cap, capital, capitular, capitulary, capitulate, capitulation, capitule, capitulum, capo, capodecina, caporegime, captain, captaincy, cattle, caudillo, centicipitous, chapter, chaptrel, chattel, chef, chief, chieftain, co-captain, co-captaincy, decapitate, decapitation, occipital, occiput, per capita, precipice, precipitando, precipitation, precipitous, quadriceps, quadricipital, recapitulate, sincipital, sinciput, sous-chef, subcaptain, tri-captain, triceps, tricipital, unicipital, vice-captain, vice-captaincy †capitellum capitell- †capitulum capitul- carbo carbon- coal bicarbonate, carbon, carbonate, carbonation, Carboniferous, carbuncle, radiocarbon carcer, cancer carcer- jail cancel, cancellable, cancellate, cancellation, cancellous, cancellus, chancel, chancellery, chancellor, chancery, incarcerate, incarceration, subchancel †cancelli cancell- cardo cardin- hinge cardinal, cardinality, kern carduus cardu- thistle card cariēs cari- decay cariosity, carious carīna carīn- keel careen caro carn- flesh carnage, carnal, carnary, carnate, carnation, carneous, carnival, carnivore, carnose, carnosity, carrion, caruncle, carunculate, charcuterie, charnel, discarnate, incarnadine, incarnate, incarnation, reincarnate, reincarnation carrus, carrum carr- wheeled vehicle car, career, cargo, caricature, carriage, carry, charge, chargé, chargée, chariot, charioteer, charrette, countercharge, discharge, dischargee, encharge, multicar, recharge, surcharge cartilago cartilagin- cartilage cartilage, cartilaginous, noncartilaginous, precartilage cārus
• cārior
• cārissimus cār- dear caress, caressive, charitable, charity, cherish, cherishable, noncharitable casa cas- house casino cāseus cāse- cheese caseic, casein, caseous, cheese, quesadilla castrum castr- fort -caster, castellan, castellation, castle, chateau, chatelain, Chester †castellum castell- castus
• castior
• castissimus cast-, -cest- pure caste, castigate, castigation, castigator, chaste, chasten, chastenment, chastity, incest, incestuous catēna catēn- chain catenary, catenate, catenation, catenative, catenulate, chain, concatenate, concatenation, enchain, enchaînement, nonconcatenative †catēnula catēnul- cauda caud-, cod- tail cauda, caudal, caudate, caudicle, coda, codetta, curvicaudate, dequeue, enqueue, queue †caudicula caudicul- caulis caul-, col- stalk, stem caulescent, caulicle, cauliflorous, cauliflory, cauliform, cauline, choux †cauliculus caulicul- causa caus-, -cus- motive, accusation accusal, accusation, accusative, accusativity, accusatory, accuse, causality, causation, causative, causativity, excusable, excuse, inexcusable, irrecusable, recusal, recusancy, recusant, recuse, ruse, rush cavus cav- hollow biconcave, biconcavity, cage, cajole, cajolement, caval, cavate, cavatina, cave, cavea, cavern, cavernicolous, cavernous, cavernulous, cavicorn, cavitation, cavity, concave, concavity, encage, excavate, excavation, excavator, quasiconcave, quasiconcavity celeber celebr- famous celebrant, celebrate, celebration, celebratory, celebrity, concelebration celer
• celerior
• celerrimus celer- quick, swift accelerando, accelerant, accelerate, acceleration, accelerator, celerity, decelerando, decelerate, deceleration, decelerator centeni centen- hundred each bicentenary, centenarian, centenary, centenionalis, supercentenarian, ultracentenarian centesimus centesim- hundredth centavo, centesimal, centesimation, centime, céntimo centum cent- hundred cent, centennial, centifidous, centillion, centurial, centurion, century, semicentennial, sesquicentennial, tricentennial cera cer- wax ceraceous, cereous, ceresin, inceration cerebrum cerebr- brain cerebellar, cerebellum, cerebral, cerebrifugal, cerebripetal, intracerebral †cerebellum cerebell- certus cert- certain ascertain, ascertainable, certificate, certification, certiorari, certitude, decertification, incertitude, recertification cervīx cervīc- neck cervical, cervix, intracervical cervus cerv- deer cervid, Cervidae, cervine ceterus ceter- other et cetera cibus cib- food cibarious, cibarium, cibation cicātrīx cicātrīc- scar cicatrice cilium cili- eyelash cilia, ciliary, ciliate, ciliation, supercilious cinis ciner- ashes cinder, cinerarium, cinerary, cinereous, cinerin, incinerate, incineration, incinerator cippus cipp- stake cep circus circ- circle bicircular, circa, circinate, circular, circularity, circulate, circulation, circulator, circulatory, circumcircle, circus, cirque, encircle, encirclement, multicircular, noncircular, quasicircle, recirculate, recirculation, recirculator, research, ricercar, search, searchable, semicircle, semicircular, tricircular †circulus circul- †circellus circell- cirrus cirr- curl, tentacle cirrate, cirriform, cirriped, cirrose, cirrous, cirrus citer
• citerior
• citimus citr-
• citerior-
• citim- on this side
•
• • citerior
• cīvis cīv- citizen citadel, city, civil, civilian, civility, incivil, incivility, intercity clārus
• clārior
• clārissimus clār- clear chiaroscuro, clairaudience, claircognizance, Claire, clairgustance, clairolfactus, clairsentience, clairvoyance, clairvoyant, Clara, clarain, claret, clarificant, clarification, clarify, clarinet, clarion, Clarissa, claritude, clarity, clear, clearage, clearance, cleartext, declarable, declaration, declarative, declaratory, declare, éclair, glair, glaireous, redeclare clavis clav- key claves, clavicle, clavier, enclave, exclave †clāvicula clāvicul- clemens clement- mild clemency, clement, inclemency, inclement codex codic- code, codex, codical, codicil †codicillus codicill- collis coll- hill colliculus †colliculus collicul- collum coll- neck collar color color- color bicolor, Colorado, coloration, coloratura, concolorous, decolor, discolor, discoloration, multicolor, tricolor, unicolor, versicolor cōlum cōl- strainer colander, coulee, coulis, coulisse, couloir, cullender, cullis, percolate, percolation, percolator, piña colada, portcullis columba columb- dove columbarium, columbary, Columbella, columbine cor cord- heart accord, accordance, accordant, accordatura, concord, concordance, concordant, concordat, corcle, cordate, cordial, cordiality, cordiform, core, courage, courageous, discord, discordance, discordant, discourage, discouragement, encourage, encouragement, nonaccordant, obcordate, record, scordatura †corcillum corcill- †corculum corcul- corbis corb- basket corb, corf corium cori- skin, hide coriaceous, excoriate cornū corn- horn bicorn, bicorne, Capricorn, cornea, corneal, corneous, corner, cornicle, corniculate, corniferous, cornification, corniform, cornucopia, quadricorn, quadricornous, tricorn, tricorne, tricornigerous, tricornute, unicorn, unicornous †corniculum cornicul- cornus corn- dogwood cornaceous, cornel, Cornus †cornicula cornicul- corona coron- crown corolla, corollaceous, corollarial, corollary, corona, coronamen, coronary, coronate, coronation, coronavirus, coroner, coronet, coroniform, Coronilla, crown, incoronate †corolla coroll- corpus corpor- body accorporate, bicorporal, concorporate, concorporation, corporal, corporality, corporate, corporation, corporative, corporature, corporeal, corporeality, corporeity, corps, corpse, corpulence, corpulent, corpus, corpuscle, corpuscular, disincorporate, disincorporation, extracorporeal, incorporal, incorporality, incorporate, incorporation, incorporeal, incorporeality, incorporeity, tricorporal †corpusculum corpuscul- cortex cortic- bark, rind cortical, corticate, corticiform, corticifugal, corticipetal, decorticate, decortication, decorticator coruscus corusc- vibrate coruscant, coruscate, coruscation corvus corv- raven corbel, cormorant, corvine †corvellus corvell- costa cost- rib accost, bicostate, coast, coastal, costa, costal, costate, curvicostate, entrecôte, infracostal, intercostal, intracoastal, multicostate, quadricostate, supracostal, tricostate, unicostate cotoneum cotōne- quince cotoneaster coxa cox- hip coxal crapula crapul- inebriation crapulence, crapulent cras cras- tomorrow crastination, procrastinate, procrastination, procrastinator crassus crass- thick crass, crassitude, crassulaceous crātis crāt- lattice, wickerwork crate, grate, graticulation, graticule, griddle, grill, grillade, grillage, grille †craticula craticul- crēna crēn- notch bicrenate, crena, crenate, crenation, crenature, crenulate, crenulation †crēnula crēnul- creta cret- chalk cretaceous cribrum cribr- sieve cribble, cribellum, cribrate, cribriform, garble †cribellum cribell- crimen^{[note 3]} crimin- judgment, offense criminal, criminality, criminate, incriminate, recriminate, recrimination crīnis crīn- hair crinel, crinigerous, crinite, crinoline, crinose, crinosity crispus crisp- curled crape, crepe, crêpe, crisp, crispate, crispation crista crist- crest crease, crest, cristate crus crur- leg, shank bicrural, crural, crus, equicrural crusta crust- rind, shell, crust crostata, croustade, croûte, crouton, crust, crustacean, crustaceous, crustal, crustation, crustific, crustose, custard, duricrust, encrust, encrustation, incrust, incrustation crux cruc- cross crucial, cruciate, crucifer, cruciferous, crucifix, crucifixion, cruciform, crucify, crucigerous, crusade, cruzeiro, discruciate, excruciate cucullus cucull- hood cowl, cucullate cuculus cucul- cuckoo cuculiform cucurbita cucurbit- gourd cucurbit, Cucurbita, cucurbitaceous culcita culcit- mattress quilt culex culic- gnat Culex, culiciform, culicifuge, culicine, Culicivora culina culin- kitchen culinarian, culinary, kiln culpa culp- blame, fault culpability, culpable, culprit, exculpate, exculpatory, inculpable, inculpate, inculpatory, mea culpa culter cultr- knife colter, coulter, cultellus, cutlass, cutler, cutlery †cultellus cultell- cūlus cul- buttocks culet, culottes, recoil cumulus cumul- heap accumulate, accumulation, accumulator, cumulate, cumulative, cumulativity, cumuliform, cumulose, cumulous, cumulus cūnae cūn- cradle cunabula, incunable, incunabula, incunabular, incunabulum cuneus cune- wedge coign/coigne, coin, cuneate, cuneiform, cuneus, encoignure, obcuneate, precuneus, quoin, sconcheon/scuncheon cūpa cūp- tub, goblet, cask cooper, cooperage, cup, cupel, cupellation, cupola, cupule †cūpella cūpell- †cūpula cūpul- cura cur- care accuracy, accurate, assecure, assurance, assure, curable, curate, curative, curator, cure, curettage, curette, curio, curiosity, curious, ensure, inaccurate, incurable, insecure, insecurity, insurability, insurable, insurance, insure, pococurante, proctor, proctorage, procurable, procuracy, procuration, procurator, procure, procurement, proxy, reassurance, reassure, reinsurance, reinsure, scour, scourage, secure, security, sinecural, sinecure, sure, surety currus curr- chariot corral, curule curtus curt- shortened curt, curtail, curtate, decurt curvus curv- bent curb, curvate, curvation, curvature, curve, curviform, curvilinear, curvity, incurvate, incurvature, incurve, recurvate, recurve, recurvous cuspis cuspid- tip bicuspid, bicuspidate, cusp, quadricuspid, tricuspid custos custod- guardian custodial, custodian, custody, noncustodial cutis cut- hide, skin cutaneous, cuticle, cuticolor, cuticular, cutin, cutis, cutisector, subcutaneous †cuticula cuticul- damnum damn-
-demn- harm condemn, condemnation, damage, damnation, damnific, damnify, indemnification, indemnify, indemnity decem decem- ten dean, deanery, decan, decanal, December, decemfid, decempedal, decemvirate, decemviri, decennary, decennial, decennium, decuple, decurion, decurionate, decury, dicker, doyen, doyenne decimus decim- tenth decimal, decimate, decimation, dime decus decor- decor, décor, decorament, decorate, decoration, decorative, decorator, decorous, decorum, redecorate deni den- ten each denar, denarian, denarius, denary, denier, dinar, dinero, dinheiro dens dent- tooth bident, bidental, dental, dentate, denticity, denticle, denticulate, dentiferous, dentiform, dentifrice, dentil, dentin, dentinal, dentition, denture, indent, indentation, indenture, interdental, intradental, multidentate, quadridentate, trident, tridentate †denticulus denticul- densus dens- thick condensable, condensate, condensation, condense, dense, density, nondense deter
• dēterior
• dēterrimus deter-
• deterior-
• deterrim- • worse
• worst • deterior, deteriorate, deterioration
• deus de- god deicidal, deicide, deific, deification, deiform, deity dexter
• dexterior
• dextimus dextr-
• dexterior-
• dextim- right ambidextrous, dexterity, dexterous, dextral, dextrality, dextrin, dextrorse, dextrose
•
• diēs diē- day adjourn, adjournment, aggiornamento, antemeridian, circadian, dial, diary, diurnal, diurnality, infradian, jornada, journal, journey, meridian, meridional, nundinal, per diem, postmeridian, quotidian, semidiurnal, sojourn, transmeridional, triduan, triduum, ultradian digitus digit- finger, toe bidigitate, digit, digital, digitate, digitiform, digitigrade, multidigit, multidigitate dignus dign- worthy condign, deign, dignify, dignitarial, dignitary, dignity, disdain, indign, indignance, indignant, indignation, indignity dirus dir- fearful dire discipulus discipul- student disciple, disciplinarian, disciplinary, discipline, interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, transdisciplinarity divus div- god divination, divinatory, divine, divinity dominus domin- lord beldam/beldame, codomain, codominance, codominant, condominium, dam, dame, damsel, demesne, demoiselle, domain, dominance, dominant, dominate, domination, dominative, dominator, dominatrix, domine, domineer, dominicide, dominion, dominium, domino, duenna, madam, madame, mademoiselle, madonna, predominance, predominant, predominate, semidominance, subdominant, superdominant domus dom- house domal, dome, domestic, domesticate, domestication, domesticity, domestique, domicile, domiciliary, major-domo, semidome dōnum dōn- gift condonation, condone, donation, donative, donator, donatory, pardon, pardonable dorsum dors- back disendorse, dorsal, dorsum, dossier, endorse, endorsee, endorsement, indorse, indorsement, reredos dos dot- dowry dotal, dotation dowager dowry endow endowment drappus drapp- cloth drab, drape, drapery dulcis dulc- sweet billet-doux, dolce, dolcetto, douce, doux, dulcet, dulcian, dulcify, dulcimer, edulcorant, edulcorate, subdulcid duo du- two deuce, doubt, dual, duality, dubiety, dubious, duet, duo, duplex, duumvirate, duumviri, nonduality duodecim duodec- twelve dozen, duodecennial, duodecillion duodecimus duodec- twelfth duodecimal duodeni duoden- twelve each duodenal, duodenary, duodenum duplus dupl- twofold dobla, double, doubloon, doublure, duplation, duple, redouble, semidouble durus dur- hard dour, durability, durable, duration, durative, duress, durum, endurable, endurance, endurant, endure, indurate, induration, nondurable, obdurate, obduration, perdurable, perdurance, perdure, subdural ebrius ebri- drunk inebriant, inebriate, inebriation, inebriety, sober, sobriety ensis ens- sword ensiferous, ensiform equus equ- horse equestrian, equine eruca eruc- caterpillar eruciform exterus
• exterior
• extremus exter-
• exterior-
• extrem- • outer
• outmost extern, external, externality
• exterior
• extreme, extremity, extremum faba fab- bean faba bean, fabaceous, aquafaba faber fabr- fabric, fabrication, fabricator faenum faen- hay fennel, sainfoin falx falc- sickle defalcation, falcate, falciform fames fam- hunger famine, famish fanum fan- temple profane, profanity fascis fasc- bundle fasces, fascicle, fascicular, fasciculation, fascine †fasciculus fascicul- fatuus fatu- foolish, useless fatuous, infatuation fauces fauc-, -foc- throat faucal, suffocate, suffocation febris febr- fever antefebrile, febrifacient, febriferous, febrifuge, febrile fēlēs fēl- cat felid, Felinae, feline fēlix fēlic- happy felicitations, felicitous, felicity fēmina fēmin- woman effeminacy, effeminate, feminine, feminism, feminist, femininity femur femor- thigh femoral, femur fenestra fenestr- window defenestration ferox feroc- fierce ferocious, ferocity ferrum ferr- iron farrier, farriery, ferrate, ferrite, ferreous, ferrous, ferruginous, ferrugo, nonferrous ferus fer- wild feral, ferine, ferocious, ferocity, fierce festūca festūc- fescue, Festuca festus fest- feast, festal, festival, festive, festivity, festivous, festoon, Festus, fete, fiesta, infestive feudum feud- fee feodary, feudal, feudary, feudatory, subinfeudation fibra fibr- defibrillate, defibrillation, defibrillator, fiber, fibre, fibriform, fibril, fibrillar, fibrillate, fibrin, fibrinous, fibrous, multifibrous †fibrilla fibrill- fībula^{[note 4]} fībul- clasp, fastener fibula, fibular, infibulate, infibulation ficus fic- fig Ficus fidēs fid- faith, trust affiance, affiant, affidavit, confidant, confidante, confide, confidence, confident, confidential, confidentiality, defiance, defiant, defy, diffide, diffidence, diffident, faith, feal, fealty, fiancé, fiancée, fidelity, fiducial, fiduciary, infidel, infidelity, interfaith, multifaith, perfidious, perfidy, prefident fīlia
fīlius fīli-
fīli- daughter
son affiliate, affiliation, affiliative, disaffiliate, disaffiliation, filial, filiate, filiation, filicide, filiety, nonaffiliation filum fil- thread bifilar, defilade, defile, enfilade, filament, filarial, filariform, filet, filiferous, filiform, filigree, fillet, multifilament, profile, unifilar fimbriae fimbri- fimbria, fimbrial, fimbriate, fimbriation, fimbrillate, fringe fimus fim- dung fimicolous fīnis fīn- end, limit affinal, affine, affinitive, affinity, confine, confinement, confines, confinity, define, definiendum, definiens, definite, definition, definitive, equifinality, final, finality, finance, fine, finery, finesse, finis, finish, finite, finito, finitude, indefinite, indefinitude, infinite, infinitesimal, infinitive, infinitude, infinity, nonaffinity, nonfinal, nonfinite, prefinite, raffinate, raffinose, redefine, redefinition, refinance, refine, refinement, refinery, semidefinite, semifinal, superfine, transfinite firmus firm- firm affirm, affirmance, affirmant, affirmation, affirmative, affirmatory, confirm, confirmation, confirmational, confirmatory, disaffirm, disaffirmation, farm, fermata, firmament, infirm, infirmarian, infirmary, infirmity, nonaffirmation, obfirm, obfirmation, reaffirm, reaffirmation, reconfirm, reconfirmation fiscus fisc- basket confiscate, confiscation, confiscatory, fisc, fiscal, fiscus fistula fistul- pipe, tube fistula, fistulate, fistuliform, fistulose, fistulous flaccus flacc- flabby flaccid, flaccidity flagrum flagr- flagellant, flagellar, flagellate, flagellation, flagelliform, flagellin, flagellum, flail, multiflagellate, uniflagellate †flagellum flagell- flamma^{[note 5]} flamm- flame flamage, flambé, flambeau, flamboyance, flamboyant, inflame, inflammable, inflammation, inflammatory, oriflamme flavus flav- yellow flavin, flavivirus, flavonoid floccus flocc- tuft deflocculant, deflocculation, floc, floccillation, floccinaucinihilipilification, floccose, flocculant, floccular, flocculation, floccule, flocculent, floccus, flock †flocculus floccul- flōs flōr- flower counterflory, deflorate, defloration, effleurage, effloresce, efflorescence, efflorescent, fiori, fioritura, fleur-de-lis, fleury, flora, floral, florescence, florescent, floret, floriculture, florid, floridean, floridity, floriferous, floriform, florilege, florilegium, florin, floruit, florulent, flory, flour, flourish, flower, inflorescence, multiflora, multiflorous, pauciflor, pluriflor, uniflorous †floscellus floscell- focus foc- hearth bifocal, confocal, defuel, focaccia, focal, focus, foyer, fuel, fusillade, multifocal, omnifocal, parfocal, refocus, refuel, trifocal, varifocal foedus foeder- confederate, confederation, federacy, federal, federation folium foli- leaf bifoliate, bifoliolate, centifolious, cinquefoil, counterfoil, defoliant, defoliate, defoliation, exfoliant, exfoliate, exfoliation, exfoliative, feuilleton, foil, folate, foliage, foliar, foliate, foliation, foliature, folic, foliferous, folio, foliolate, foliole, foliose, foliosity, folivore, folivorous, folivory, multifoil, multifoliate, octofoil, perfoliate, portfolio, quadrifoliate, quadrifolium, quatrefoil, septifolious, trefoil, trifoliate, trifoliolate, trifolium, unifoliate †foliolum foliol- leaflet follis foll- bellows follicle, follicular, follis, folly, fool, foolery †folliculus follicul- fons font- fountain, spring font, fontal, fontanelle foris for- outdoors afforest, afforestation, deforest, deforestation, disforest, foreclose, foreign, forensic, forest, forfeit, forum, reforest, reforestation fōrma fōrm- form, shape biform, biformity, conform, conformable, conformance, conformant, conformity, counterreformation, deform, deformable, deformation, deformity, disinformation, formable, formal, formality, formant, format, formation, formative, formula, formulary, formulation, inform, informal, informality, informant, information, informative, irreformable, malformation, nonconformance, perform, performance, preform, preformat, reform, reformable, reformat, reformation, reformatory, transform, transformable, transformation, transformational, transformative, triform, triformity, uniform, uniformity †formella formell- †formula formul- formica formic- ant formic formus form- warm fornix fornic- vault fornication, forniciform fors fort- luck fortuitous, fortuity, fortunate, fortune fortis fort- strong comfort, effort, force, forcible, forte, fortification, fortify, fortis, fortissimo, fortitude fovea fove- shallow round depression fovea, foveal, foveole frāter frātr- brother fraternal, fraternity, fratricide, friar, friary fraus fraud- fraud defraud, defraudation, fraud, fraudulent frēnum frēn- bridle frenal, frenate, frenulum, frenum, refrain, refrainment †frenulum frenul- frequēns
• frequentior
• frequentissimus frequent- often frequency, frequent, frequentation, frequentative, infrequency, infrequent fretum fret- strait transfretation, transfrete frīgus frigor- cold frigorific †frīgusculum friguscul- frōns, fruns frond- frond, frondent, frondescence, frondiferous, frondlet, frondose frōns front- brow, forehead affront, affrontive, bifront, confront, confrontation, confrontational, effrontery, front, frontage, frontal, frontier, frontispiece, nonconfrontational, nonfrontal, prefrontal, quadrifrons, transfrontier frustum frust- piece bifrustum, frustule, frustulent, frustulum, frustum †frustillum frustill- †frustulum frustul- frutex frutic- shrub frutescence, frutescent, fruticose, fruticulose, suffrutescent, suffruticose, suffruticulose †fruticulus fruticul- frūx frūg- fruit frugal, frugality, frugiferous, frugivore, frugivorous, frumenty, infrugiferous fulvus
• fulvissimus fulv- tawny fulvic, fulvid, fulvous fūmus fūm- smoke fumacious, fumade, fumage, fumarine, fumarole, fumatorium, fumatory, fume, fumeuse, fumid, fumidity, fumiferous, fumigant, fumigate, fumigation, fumigator, infumate, infumation, perfume, perfumery, suffumigate, suffumigation fundus fund- bottom cofound, defund, found, foundation, foundational, founder, fund, fundament, fundamental, fundoplication, fundus, profound, profundal, profundity †fundulus fundul- fungus fung- mushroom fungal, fungicidal, fungicide, fungiform, fungus fūnis fūn- rope funambulatory, funicle, funicular, funiculate, funiform †fūniculus fūnicul- fūnus funer- funeral, funerary, funerate, funereal fur fur- thief furuncle furca furc- fork bifurcation, fourchette, furcate, furcula, furcular, multifurcate, trifurcate, trifurcation †furcilla furcill- †furcula furcul- furtum furt- theft furtive fuscus
• fuscior fusc- dark fuscation, fuscine, fuscous, infuscate, infuscation, obfuscate, obfuscation, subfuscous fūstis fūst- cudgel fustigate, fustigation †fusticulus fusticul- fūsus fūs- spindle fusain, Fusarium, fusarole, fusee, fuselage, fusilli, fusula, fuze galbus galb- yellow jaundice galea gale- helmet galea, galeate, galeiform galēna galēn- lead ore galena, galenic gallīna gallīn- hen gallinacean, gallinaceous, gallinule †gallīnula gallīnul- gelu gel- congeal, congelation, gel, gelati, gelatin, gelatinous, gelation, gelato, gelée, gelid, gelifluction, gelignite, jellification, jelly geminus gemin- twin bigeminal, bigeminy, gemel, gemelli, gemelliparous, geminal, geminate, gemination, gemini, gimmal, ingeminate, quadrigeminal, trigeminal, trigeminy †gemellus gemell- gemma gemm- bud gem, gemma, gemmaceous, gemmate, gemmiferous, gemmiform, gemmiparous, gemmulation, gemmule, gemmuliferous †gemmula gemmul- gena gen- cheek fixigena, gena, genal, librigena gens gent- gens, genteel, gentile, gentility, gentle, gentrice, gentrification, gentry genū genū- knee genicular, geniculate, geniculation, geniculum, genu, genual, genucubital, genuflect, genuflection, genuflexion †geniculum genicul- genus gener- birth, offspring, creation congener, congeneric, degenerate, degenerative, engender, gender, general, generality, generate, generation, generational, generative, generator, generatrix, generic, generosity, generous, genre, genuine, genus, intergenerational, intergeneric, regenerate, regenerative, subgenre, subgenus, transgender germen germin- sprout germ, germane, germicide, germinal, germinate, germination, nongermane, regerminate gibbus gibb- hump gibbose, gibbosity, gibbous glaber glabr- smooth glabella, glabellar, glabrate, glabrescent, glabrous †glabellus glabell- glacies glaci- ice englacial, glacé, glacial, glaciation, glacier, glacious, glacis, glance, interglacial, interglaciation, postglacial, subglacial, supraglacial gladius gladi- sword gladiate, gladiator, gladiatory, gladiature, gladiolus glāns gland- acorn eglandular, eglandulose, gland, glandiferous, glandula, glandular, glandule, glanduliferous, glandulose, glans †glandula glandul- glēba, glaeba glēb- clod gleba, glebal, glebe, glebosity globus glob- conglobate, global, globate, globe, globose, globosity, globular, globule, globulin, inglobate †globulus globul- glomus glomer- agglomerate, agglomeration, agglomerative, glomerate, glomerular, glomerulation, glomerulus, juxtaglomerular †glomerulus glomerul- gluten glutin- glue agglutinant, agglutinate, agglutination, agglutinative, deglutination, glutelin, gluten, glutinosity, glutinous, nonagglutinative gracilis
• gracilior
• gracillimus gracil- slender engrail, engrailment, gracile, gracility gradus grad- step aggradation, aggradational, aggrade, antegrade, anterograde, centigrade, degradable, degradation, degradational, degrade, degree, digitigrade, gradation, grade, gradient, gradine, gradual, graduality, graduand, graduate, graduation, gree, laterigrade, multigrade, nongraduate, plantigrade, postgraduate, progradation, prograde, retrogradation, retrograde, saltigrade, tardigrade grandis
• grandior
• grandissimus grand- aggrandise, aggrandisement, grandee, grandeur, grandific, grandiloquent, grandiose, grandiosity, grandioso, grandity, grandmaster granum gran- grain degranulation, engrain, filigree, garner, garnet, grain, granary, grange, granger, granite, granivore, granivorous, granivory, granular, granularity, granulate, granulation, granule, grenade, grenadier, grogram, grosgrain, ingrain, multigrain, pomegranate †granulum granul- grātus
• gratissimus grāt- aggrace, agree, agreeable, agreeance, agreement, congratulant, congratulate, congratulations, congratulatory, disgrace, grace, graciosity, gracious, gratify, gratification, gratis, gratitude, gratuitous, gratuity, gratulant, gratulate, gratulation, gratulatory gravis
• gravior
• gravissimus grav- heavy aggravate, aggravation, degravation, gravamen, grave, gravid, gravida, gravidity, gravitas, gravitate, gravitation, gravitational, gravity, grief, grieve, grievance, grievant, grievous, ingravescence, ingravescent, multigravida, multigravidity, nongravitational, nulligravida, primigravida, reaggravate, supergravity grex greg- flock, herd aggregate, aggregation, aggregator, congregate, congregation, congregational, desegregate, desegregation, disaggregate, egregious, gregarious, intercongregational, segregate, segregation grossus
• grossior gross- thick engross, engrossment, grocer, grocery, grosgrain, gross gula gul- gula, gular, gullet, gully, subgular gurges gurgit- demigorge, disgorge, disgorgement, engorge, engorgement, gorge, gorgeous, gorget, ingurgitate, ingurgitation, regurgitate, regurgitation gustus gust- taste disgust, gustatory, gusto, gustoso gutta gutt- drop gout, gutta, guttate, gutter, guttifer, guttiform guttur guttur- throat goitre, guttural hallux halluc- big toe hallucal, hallux hāmus hām- hook hamate, hamiform, hamular, hamulate, hamulus †hāmulus hāmul- harena haren- sand arena, arenaceous, arenite, arenose hasta hast- spear hasta, hastate, hastatic, hastile hebes hebet- blunt, dull hebetate, hebetude hedera heder- ivy Hedera, hederaceous herba herb- grass herbaceous, herbal, herbarium, herbicide, herbivore, herbivorous, herbivory, non-herbal hērēs hērēd- disinherit, heir, hereditable, hereditament, hereditary, heredity, heritability, heritage, inherit, inheritable, inheritance, inheritor, inheritrix, nonhereditary, noninheritable hibernus hibern- hibernacle, hibernal hiems hiem- winter hiemal hircus hirc- goat hircine homō homin- man (human being) bonhomie, homage, hombre, homicide, hominid, homuncular, homunculus, human, humane, humanitarian, humanity, inhuman, inhumane, inhumanity, Nemo, nonhuman, prehuman, subhuman, superhuman, transhuman †homunculus homuncul- honor honor- honor honorable, honorarium, honorary, honorific hortus hort- garden cohort, court, courteous, courtesan, courtesy, courtier, curtain, horticulture hostis host- enemy hostile, hostility humus hum- ground exhumation, exhume, humate, humation, humic, humiliate, humility, inhumation, inhume ignis ign- fire igneous, ignite, ignition imbecillus imbecill- weak imbecile, imbecility inanis inan- inane, inanity inferus
• inferior
• infimus infer-
• inferior-
• infim- • lower
• lowest • inferior, inferiority
• inguen inguin- groin inguinal īnsula īnsul- island insular, insulate, insulation, peninsula, peninsular, isolate, isolation interus
• interior
• intimus inter-
• interior-
• intim- •
• entrail, intern, internal, internality
• interior
• intima, intimacy, intimate, intimation iocus
jocus joc- jest jocular, jocularity, joke †joculus jocul- iūdex
jūdex ^{[note 6]} iūdic- judge adjudicate, adjudication, adjudicative, adjudicator, adjudicatory, extrajudicial, injudicious, judge, judgement, judgment, judgmental, judicable, judicative, judicator, judicatory, judicature, judicial, judiciary, judicious, nonjudicial, prejudge, prejudgment, prejudice, prejudicial iugum
jugum iug- yoke conjugacy, conjugal, conjugate, conjugation, jugal, jugate, jugular iūs iūr- law, right abjuration, abjure, conjure, de jure, jurat, juration, juratory, jurisdiction, jury, justice iuvenis
juvenis juven- young junior, juniorate, juniority, juvenile, juvenilia, juvenility, rejuvenate jejunus jejun- jejunal, jejune, jejunity, jejunum labia labi- lip labial, labium labor labor- toil collaboration, collaborative, collaborator, elaboration, laboratory, laborious labrum labr- lip labrose, labrum lac lact- milk lactate, lactic, lactose lacrima lacrim- tear lachrymose lacus lac- lacuna, lacustrine, lagoon, lake lapis lapid- stone dilapidate, lapidary lassus lass- lassitude latex latic- liquid laticifer latus lat- broad, wide latifoliate, latitude latus later- side collateral, lateral laus laud- praise laud, laudable, Lauds laxus lax- loose laxity, relax lenis leni- gentle leniency, lenient, leniment, lenis, lenition, lenitive, lenitude, lenity lens lent- lentil lens, lenticel, lenticular, lentiform lentus lent- lentic, relent leo leon- lion leonine lepus lepor- hare leporid, leporine levis lev- light (weight) levity, relieve lēx lēg- law alleged, extralegal, illegal, legal, legality, legislation, legislator, privilege liber liber- free illiberal, illiberality, liberal, liberality, liberate, liberation, liberator liber libr- book librarian, library, libretto libra libr- balance, scales deliberate, deliberation, deliberative, equilibrium, libration lignum lign- wood ligneous, ligniform, lignin, lignite, lignose limbus limb- edge limbate, limbic, limbo limes limit- delimit, limes, limit, limitation linea line- line align, collinear, collineation, linea, lineage, linear, linearity, multicollinearity lingua lingu- tongue bilingual, bilinguality, bilinguous, collingual, elinguation, interlanguage, language, ligula, ligular, ligule, lingua franca, lingual, linguiform, linguine, multilingual, prelingual, quadrilingual, sublingual, trilingual †lingula, ligula lingul- lira lir- furrow delirament, delirant, delirate, deliration, deliriant, delirifacient, delirious, delirium littera litter- letter alliteration, alliterative, biliteral, illiteracy, illiterate, literacy, literal, literary, literate, literature, obliterate, obliteration, transliteracy, transliteration, triliteral locus, stlocus loc- place accouchement, bilocation, bilocular, cislocative, collocation, couch, couchant, dislocate, dislocation, interlocal, lieu, local, locale, locality, locate, location, locative, locator, loculament, locular, locule, loculose, loculus, milieu, multilocal, multilocation, multilocular, nonlocal, quasilocal, relocate, relocation, translocal, translocate, translocation, translocative, trilocular, unilocular †locellus locell- †loculus locul- longus
• longior
• longissimus long- long allonge, elongate, elongation, longa, longanimity, longe, longeron, longinquity, longitude, longitudinal, longum, lunge, lungo, oblong, prolong, prolongation, purloin lūbricus lūbric- slippery lubricant, lubricate, lubrication, lubricator, lubricity, lubricous lucrum lucr- gain, profit lucrative, lucre, lucrific †lucellum lucell- lūmen^{[note 7]} lūmin- light dislimn, enlumine, illuminable, illuminance, illuminant, illuminate, illuminati, illumination, illumine, intraluminal, limn, lumen, luminaire, luminal, luminance, luminant, luminaria, luminary, lumination, lumine, luminescence, luminescent, luminiferous, luminosity, luminous, relumine, subluminal, subluminous, superluminal, transillumination, transluminal, ultraluminous lūna^{[note 8]} lūn- Moon circumlunar, cislunar, demilune, interlunar, interlunation, lunar, lunate, lunatic, lunation, lune, lunette, luniform, lunisolar, mezzaluna, mezzelune, plenilunary, semilunar, sublunar, sublunary, superlunary, translunar lupus lup- wolf lupine lūtra lūtr- otter Lutra, lutrine lutum lut- mud lutaceous, lutite lux luc- light elucidate, elucidation, elucubrate, elucubration, lucent, lucid, lucidity, Lucifer, luciferous, lucifugal, noctilucent, pellucid, pellucidity, semipellucid, translucency, translucent, translucid, translucidity, translucidus luxus lux- luxuriant, luxurious, luxury †macula macul- spot immaculate, macula, macular, maculate, maculation, maculature, macule, maculose magister magistr- master maestro, magisterial, magistery, magistracy, magistral, magistrate, magistrature, master, mastery, mistral, quartermaster, remaster magnus
• māior
• maximus magn-
• māior-
• maxim- big, great
• greater
• greatest magnanimity, magnanimous, magnate, magnificent, magnitude
• maestoso, majesty, major, majorate, majordomo, majoritarian, majority, majuscule, mayor, mayoral, mayoralty, semimajor, supermajority
• maxim, maximal, maximum malleus malle- hammer malleability, malleable, mallet malus
• peior
• pessimus mal-
• peior-
• pessim- bad
• worse
• worst dismal, grand mal, malady, malaise, malevolence, malevolent, malice, malicious, malignancy, malignant, nonmalignant, petit mal, premalignant
• impair, impairment, pejoration, pejorative
• pessimal mantum mant- dismantle, dismantlement, manta, mantel, mantelet, mantilla, mantle †mantellum mantell- manus manu- hand amanuensis, Bimana, bimanous, bimanual, mainour, maintain, manacle, manage, manageable, management, managerial, mandamus, mandate, maneuver, manicure, manifer, manifest, manifestation, manifesto, maniform, maniple, manipulation, manner, manual, manuary, manubrium, manuduction, manufacture, manumission, manumit, manus, manuscript, Quadrumana, quadrumanous †manicula manicul- mare mar- sea marinade, marinate, marine, mariner, maritime, submarine, ultramarine Mars marti- Mars martial, Martian māter mātr- mother immaterial, material, materiality, maternal, maternity, matricide, matriculant, matriculate, matrilocal, matrimonial, matrimony, matrix, matron, matter maturus matur- ripe immature, immaturity, maturant, maturate, maturation, mature, maturescent, maturity, premature maxilla maxill- jaw hemimaxilla, hemimaxillectomy, intermaxilla, maxillar, maxillary, maxillate, maxillectomy, maxilliferous, maxilliform, maxillula, premaxilla, septomaxilla, submaxilla, supermaxilla, supramaxilla, zygomaxillare medius medi- middle antemeridian, dimidiate, dimidiation, immediacy, immediate, intermediary, intermediate, intermedio, intermezzo, mean, media, medial, median, mediant, mediation, mediator, mediatrix, mediety, medieval, mediocre, mediocrity, medium, meridian, mezzanine, postmeridian mel mell- honey melliferous, mellific, mellifluence, mellifluent, mellifluous, melliloquent, mellivorous membrum membr- bimembral, dismember, dismemberment, member, membral, membrane, membranous, nonmember, semimembranous, transmembrane memor memor- mindful commemorate, commemoration, commemorative, immemorial, memoir, memorabilia, memorability, memorable, memorandum, memorial, memory, remember, remembrance, rememorate menda mend- blemish emend, emendation mendicus mendic- beggar mendicant, mendicate, mendication, mendicity mens ment- mind comment, commentary, dementia, mental, mentality merus mer- pure mere mēta met- goal mete miles milit- soldier militant, military, militate, militia mīlle mīll- thousand bimillennium, mile, mileage, miliarense, miliaresion, millefeuille, millefiori, millefleur, millennial, millennium, milli-, million, millionaire, millipede, milreis, multimillion, postmillennial, premillennial millēnī millēn- a thousand each bimillenary, millenarian, millenary, postmillenarian millēsimus millēsim- thousandth mil, millesimal mirus mir- admirability, admirable, admiration, admirative, admire, marvel, miracle, miraculous, mirage, Miranda, mirative, mirativity, mirror †miraculum miracul- miser
• miserior
• miserrimus miser- wretched commiserate, commiseration, miser, miserable, misericord, misery †misellus misell- missa miss- Mass missal, missificate mitis
• mitissimus mit- mitigant, mitigate, mitigation modus mod- accommodate, accommodation, accommodative, accommodator, bimodal, bimodality, commode, commodification, commodious, commodity, decommodification, demodulate, demodulation, demodulator, immodest, immodesty, intermodal, intermodulation, modal, modality, mode, model, modern, modernity, modest, modesty, modicum, modification, modify, modiolus, modular, modularity, modulate, modulation, modulator, module, modulo, modulus, multimodal, multimodality, postmodern, postmodernity, Quasimodo, remodel, remodulate, supermodel, trimodal, trimodality, ultramodern, unimodular, unimodularity †modulus modul- moles mol- mass bimolecular, demolition, mole, molecule mollis moll- soft emollient, mollient, mollify, mollitude, mollusc, molluscicide, molluscivore, mollusk mons mont- mountain cismontane, dismount, montage, montane, monticello, monticule, montiform, montigenous, mount, piedmont, submontane, surmount, tramontane, transmontane, ultramontane †monticellus monticell- †monticulus monticul- mora mor- delay demur, demure, demurrage, demurral, moratorium morbus morb- sickness morbid, morbidity mors mort- death immortal, immortality, mortal, mortality, mortician, rigor mortis mortuus mort- dead mortgage, mortuary, morgue, postmortem mōs mōr- custom immoral, immorality, moral, morale, morality, mores, morigerous, morose, morosity mucrō mucrōn- point mucro, mucronate, mucronation, mucronulate, mucronule mūcus mūc- mucic, muciferous, muciform, mucigel, mucilage, mucilaginous, mucivore, mucosa, mucous, muculent, submucosa mulier muli- woman muliebrity, mulierose multa, mulcta mult- penalty mulct multus
• plūs
• plūrimus mult-
• plūr-
• plūrim- many
• more
• most multiplex, multiplicity, multitude
• nonplus, plural, plurality, pluriform, plus, surplus
• plurimal mūlus mūl- mule mular mundus mund- world antemundane, demimondaine, demimonde, extramundane, intramundane, mondain, mondaine, mondial, mondo, mundane, mundanity, ultramundane mūrex mūric- murex, muricate, muriculate muria muri- brine muriate, muriatic murmur murmur- murmur, murmuration, murmurous †murmurillum murmurill- mūrus, moerus mūr- wall antemural, immuration, immure, immurement, intramural, murage, mural mūs mūr- mouse intermuscular, murine, muscular, muscularity, musculature †mūsculus mūscul- musca musc- fly Musca, muscarine, Muscicapa, Muscidae, musciform, mosquito mūscus mūsc- moss mustus must- new must mutilus mutil- mutilate, mutilation, mutilous mūtulus mūtul- modillion intermutule, modillion, mutular, mutule mūtus mūt- mute N–V Citation form Declining stem Meaning English derivatives nāpus nāp- turnip neep nāris nār- nostril internarial, nares, narial, prenarial nāsus nās- nose intranasal, nasal, nasalance, nasality, nonnasal nāvis nāv- ship antenave, naval, nave, navicular, navigable, navigate, navy, nonnavigable †nāvicella nāvicell- †nāvicula navicul- nebula nebul- cloud nebula, nebular, nebulizer, nebulous necesse^{[note 9]} necess- necessary, necessitarian, necessitate, necessitude, necessity, nonnecessity nemus nem- grove nemoral nemorose nemorous nepōs nepōt- nephew grandnephew, nephew, nepoticide, nepotism nervus nerv- innervate, nerval, nervate, nerve, nervose, nervosity, trinervate neuter neutr- neither neutral, neutrality, nonneutrality nīdor nīdor- nidor, nidorose nīdus nīd- nest denidation, niche, nidicolous, nidificate, nidification, nidifugous, nidulant, nidulate †nidulus nidul- niger nigr- black denigrate, denigration, denigrative, denigrator, negrita, nigrities, negrito, negritude, nigrescence, nigrescent, nigrine, nigritude nihil nihil- nothing annihilate, annihilation, annihilator, nihil, nil nodus nod- knot acnode, crunode, denouement, internodal, internode, nodal, node, nodose, nodosity, nodular, nodule, nodulose, tacnode †nodulus nodul- nomen nomin- name agnomen, agnominal, agnomination, binomen, binominal, denomination, denominational, denominative, denominator, ignominious, ignominy, interdenominational, multidenominational, multinominal, nominal, nomination, nominative, nominator, nominee, nondenominational, noun, postnominal, praenomen, prenominal, pronominal, pronoun, redenomination, renown, surnominal, trinomen, trinominal nonageni nonagen- ninety each nonagenarian, nonagenary nonagesimus nonagesim- ninetieth nonagesimal nōnus non- ninth nonary, None, noon norma norm- carpenter’s square abnormal, abnormality, denormal, enormity, enormous, nonnormal, nonnormative, norm, normal, normality, normative, seminorm, seminormal, subnormal noster nostr- our nostrum novem novem- nine November, novennial novemdecim novemdec- nineteen novemdecillion noveni noven- nine each Novena, novenary novus
• novior
• novissimus nov- new innovate, innovation, innovational, innovative, innovator, innovatory, nova, novation, novel, novella, novelty, novice, novitiate, renovatable, renovate, renovation, renovative, renovator, supernova †novellus novell- nox noct- night equinoctial, equinox, noctambulous, noctiluca, noctilucent, noctule, nocturn, nocturnal, nocturnality, nocturne, notturno, seminocturnal, trinoctial nūbēs nūb- cloud enubilate, enubilous, nuance, nubilose, nubilous, obnubilate nudus nud- naked denudation, denude, nonnude, nude, nudity, seminude, seminudity nugae nug- trifles nugacious, nugacity, nugation, nugatory nūmen nūmin- nod numen, numinous numerus numer- number denumerable, enumerable, enumerate, enumeration, enumerative, enumerator, equinumerant, equinumerous, innumerable, innumeracy, innumerate, innumerous, nonenumerative, numerable, numeracy, numeral, numerary, numerate, numeration, numerative, numerator, numerical, numero, numerosity, numerous, renumerate, supernumerary nux nuc- nut enucleate, enucleation, extranuclear, internuclear, intranuclear, nucament, nucellus, nucifer, nuciferine, nuciferous, nuciform, Nucifraga, nucivorous, nuclear, nucleate, nucleation, nucleus, nucleolar, nucleolate, nucleolus †nucula nucul- octāvus octav- eighth octaval, octave, octavo octō oct- eight octal, octangular, octavalent, octennial, October, octofid, octopartite, octuped, octuple, octuplet, octuplicate octōdecim octodecim- eighteen octodecillion, octodecimo octogeni octogen- eighty each octogenarian, octogenary octōgēsimus octogesim- eightieth octogesimal octōni octon- eight each octonary, octonion oculus ocul- eye binocular, circumocular, inoculation, intraocular, inveigle, ocular, oculus †ocellus ocell- odium odi- hatred annoy, ennui, odious, odium odor odor- deodorant, malodor, malodorous, odoriferous, odorous oleum ole- oil oleose, oleosity, oleum omen omin- abominable, abomination, omen, ominous omnis omn- all omnibenevolence, omniform, omnipotence, omnipresence, omniscience, omnivore onus oner- burden, load exonerate, exoneration, onerous, onus opacus opac- shady opacity, opaque ops op- copious, inopulent, opulence, opulent opus oper- work chef-d’oeuvre, cooperate, cooperation, cooperative, hors d’oeuvre, inoperable, interoperability, interoperable, inure, inurement, manoeuvre, oeuvre, opera, operability, operable, operand, operant, operate, operation, operational, operative, operator, operose, operosity, opus, opuscule, postoperative, preoperative †opusculum opuscul- orbis orb- ring deorbit, orb, orbicle, orbicular, orbiculate, orbit, orbital, postorbital, suborbital, superorbital †orbiculus orbicul- ordo ordin- order coordinal, coordinate, coordination, disorder, extraordinary, incoordinate, incoordination, infraorder, inordinate, inordination, insubordinate, insubordination, ordain, ordainment, order, ordinal, ordinance, ordinary, ordinate, ordination, ordinative, ordnance, ornery, parvorder, preordain, preorder, preordination, quasiorder, reordain, reorder, reordination, suborder, subordinate, subordination, superordain, superorder, superordinate, superordination os or- mouth adorable, adoral, adoration, adore, adosculation, exorable, inexorable, inosculate, inosculation, interosculate, intraoral, oral, oration, orator, oratorio, oratory, orifice, oscitate, oscitation, osculant, oscular, oscularity, osculate, osculation, osculator, osculatory, osculatrix, oscule, osculum †osculum oscul- os oss- bone exossation, interosseous, osseous, ossicle, ossicular, ossiferous, ossification, ossifrage, ossify, ossuary †ossiculum ossicul- ōscen ōscin- songbird oscine ostium osti- ostiary, ostiolar, ostiole, ostium †ostiolum ostiol- otium oti- leisure negotiable, negotiate, negotiation, nonnegotiable, otiose, otiosity, renegotiate, renegotiation ovis ov- sheep ovile, ovine †ovicula ovicul- ovum ov- egg oval, ovarian, ovary, ovicapsule, ovicidal, ovicide, oviduct, oviferous, oviform, oviposition, ovipositor, ovolo, ovular, ovulation, ovulatory, ovule, ovum, pluriovulate †ovulum ovul- pagus pag- pagan, paisano, peasant, peasantry pala pal- spade palette palatum palat- roof of the mouth impalatable, palatability, palatable, palatal, palate palla pall- covering, cloak circumpallial, pall, pallial, palliate, palliative, pallium pālus pāl- stake impale, impalement, pale, palisade, pole, travail pălus palūd- marsh paludose paluster palustr- palustral, palustrine panis pan- bread accompaniment, accompany, appanage, companion, company, empanada, impanate, pannier, pantry pannus pann- empanel, impanel, pane, panel, repanel, subpanel panus pan- panicle †panicula panicul- papaver papaver- poppy papaveraceous, papaverine papilio papilion- butterfly pavilion par par- equal comparative, comparator, disparage, disparagement, parity, disparity, impar, imparity, nonpareil, pair, par, parile, parity, peer, peerage, subpar, umpire parcus parc- parcity paries pariet- wall biparietal, parietal pars part-
-pert- piece apart, apartment, apportion, apportionment, bipartient, bipartisan, bipartite, bipartition, champerty, compart, compartition, compartment, compartmental, coparcenary, coparcener, counterpart, counterparty, depart, department, departmental, departure, dispart, disproportionate, equipartition, ex parte, impart, impartial, intraparty, jeopardous, jeopardy, multipartite, nonpartisan, parcel, parcenary, parcener, parse, partial, partiality, participate, participle, particle, particular, particularity, particulate, partisan, partita, partite, partition, partitive, partner, party, passel, portion, proportion, proportional, proportionality, purpart, purparty, quadripartite, reapportion, reapportionment, repartee, repartition, superparticular, tripartient, tripartite, unipartite †particella particell- †particula particul- parvus
• minor
• minimus parv-
• min-
• minim- small
• less
• least parvifoliate, parvity, parvovirus
• administer, administration, administrative, administrator, administratrix, maladminister, minister, ministerial, ministrant, ministrative, ministry, minor, minority, minstrel, minstrelsy, minus, minuscule, semiminor
• minim, minimal, minimum passer passer- sparrow passerine passus pass- compass, encompass, pace, passage, passant, passement, passementerie, passenger pater patr- father Jupiter, paternal, paternity, patrician, patrilineal, patrilocal, patrilocality, patrimonial, patrimony, patron, patronage, perpetrate, repatriation paucus pauc- few paucal, pauciloquent, paucity, poco pauper pauper- impoverish, impoverishment, pauperage, poor, poverty pausa paus-
pos- compose, composure, counterpose, counterproposal, disposable, disposal, dispose, disposure, exposal, expose, exposé, exposure, imposable, impose, imposure, interposal, interpose, multipurpose, opposable, opposal, oppose, posada, pose, poseur, poseuse, predispose, proposal, propose, purpose, reimpose, reposal, repose, repurpose, supposal, suppose, transposable, transposal, transpose pavo pavon- peacock pavone, pavonine pax pac- peace appease, appeasement, copayment, pacific, pacify, pay, payment, repay, repayment pectus pector- chest pectoral pecu pecu- impecunious, peculiar, pecuniary penna penn- feather pen, pennage, pennate, penniform, pennigerous, pennon perca perc- perch Perca, Percidae, perciform, percoid, Percoidea persona person- person impersonate, impersonation, impersonator, person, personable, personage, personal, personality, personification, subpersonality, transpersonal pēs ped- foot biped, bipedal, expedient, expedite, expedition, impeach, impeachment, impediment, inexpedient, oppidum, pawn, pedal, pedestal, pedestrian, pedicel, pedicle, pedicure, pediform, pedigerous, pedigree, peon, peonage, piedfort, piedmont, pioneer, quadruped, quadrupedal, tripedal †pediculus pedicul- pestis pest- pest pesticide, pestiferous, pestilence pila pil- ball pellet, pelota, peloton, pill †pilula pilul- pileus pile- cap Pilea, pileate, pileum, pileus pilus pil- hair depilation, depilatory, epilation, piliferous, piliform, pilose, pilosity pinna pinn- feather panache, pinnacle, pinnal, pinnate, pinniform, pinniped †pinnaculum pinnacul- pinus pin- pine, pineal pirus pir- pear piriform piscis pisc- fish pisces, pisciform, piscine, piscivore pius pi- dutiful piety, pious, pittance, pity pix pic- Picea, picene, piceous, pitch planca planc- plank planch planta plant- sole implant, implantable, implantation, plant, plantar, plantation, plantigrade, supplant, supplantation, transplant, transplantation planus plan- flat applanate, applanation, complanar, complanate, coplanar, coplanarity, esplanade, explain, explanation, explanatory, piano, pianoforte, plain, plaintext, planar, planary, planate, planation, plane platea plate- place displace, displacement, emplacement, piazza, placement, plaza, replace, replacement, transplace plēbs pleb- common people plebeian, plebiscite, plebs plenus plen- full plenary, plenipotent, plenipotentiary, plenish, plenishment, plenitude, plenitudinous, plenum plūma plūm- feather deplumation, deplume, displume, plumage, plume, plumose, plumosity, plumulaceous, plumular, plumule, plumulose, semiplume, superplume †plūmula plūmul- plumbum plumb- lead plumb, plumbaginous, plumbago, plumbeous, plummet, plunge, replumb pluvia pluvi- rain compluvium, displuviate, impluvium, plover, pluvial, pluviosity pōculum pōcul- cup poculent, poculiform †pōcillum pōcill- pollen pollin- polenta, pollen, pollinate, pollination, pollinator, polliniferous pollex pollic- thumb pollex, pollical, pollicate, prepollex pondus ponder- weight imponderable, ponder, ponderable, ponderance, ponderation, ponderosa, ponderosity, ponderous, pound, preponderance, preponderate pons pont- bridge pons, pontage, pontic, pontile, pontine, pontonier, pontoon, punt populus popul- depopulate, depopulation, people, populace, popular, popularity, populate, population, pueblo, repopulate, repopulation, subpopulation †popellus popell- pōpulus pōpul- poplar populetum, Populus porca, porcus porc- pig porcine, porcupine, pork porta port- gate anteporch, anteport, anteportico, porch, portal, portcullis, portico, portière †portula portul- portus port- importune, importunity, opportune, opportunity, port posterus
• posterior
• postremus poster-
• posterior-
• postrem- •
• posterity
• a posteriori, posterior, posteriority
• postremogeniture potis pot- compossible, idempotence, idempotent, impossible, impotence, impotency, impotent, nilpotence, nilpotent, posse, possible, potence, potency, potent, potentate, potential, potentiality, puissance, puissant, subpotency, superpotency, superpotential, unipotent prandium prandi- lunch prandial, preprandial pravus prav- crooked depravity pretium preti- price appreciate, appreciation, depreciation, precious prex prec- prayer preces prior
• prīmus prior-
• prīm- former
• first a priori, prior, priority, priory, subprior
• prima facie, primacy, primal, primary, primate, prime, primer, primine, primitive, primogeniture, primordial, primrose, Primula, subprimal, subprime privus priv- own privacy, private, privy probrum probr- opprobrium probus prob- approbation, approval, approve, improbability, improbable, probability, probable, proband, probate, probation, probationary, probative, probity, reprobate, reproval prope
• propior
• proximus prop-
• propior-
• proxim- near, nigh
• nearer
• nearest propinquity, propitiation, propitiatory, propitious
• approach, rapprochement, reproach
• proximal, proximate, proximity proprius propri- proper appropriate, appropriation, impropriety, inappropriate, propriety prunus prun- plum prune publicus public- public, publican, publication, publicity puer puer- boy puerile, puerility, puerperant pulcher pulchr- beautiful pulchritude, pulchritudinous pullus pull- poultry, pullet, pullorum, pullulate, pullulation, repullulate, repullulation †pullulus pullul- pulmo pulmon- lung extrapulmonary, intrapulmonary, pulmonary pulvinus pulvin- cushion, pillow pulvilli, pulvinar, pulvinated, pulvinus pulvis pulver- dust, powder pulverize, pulverulence, pulverulent pumex pumic- pumice stone pumicate, pumice, pumiceous, pumiciform, pumicite pupa pup- doll pupae, pupal, puparium, pupation, pupil purus pur- pure depurate, depuration, impure, impurity, pure, purification, purity pus pur- pus purulence, purulent quadrageni quadragen- forty each quadragenarian, quadragenary quadrāgēsimus quadrāgēsim- fortieth Quadragesima, quadragesimal quadrāgintā quadrāgint- forty quarantine quadrini quadrin- four each carillon, carillonneur, quadrin quadrum, quadrus quadr- square biquadrate, biquadratic, cadre, conquadrate, escadrille, intrasquad, quadrance, quadrate, quadratic, quadratrix, quadrature, quadrel, quadric, quadrille, quarry, squad, squadron, squarable, square, subsquadron †quadrellus quadrell- quartus quart- fourth inquartation, interquartile, quadroon, quart, quartal, quartan, quartary, quarter, quartet, quartic, quartile, quartine, quarto, semiquartile quaternī quatern- four each biquaternion, quatern, quaternary, quaternate, quaternion, quaternity, quire quattuor quadr- four quadrangle, quadrennial, quadriceps, quadrifarious, quadrifid, quadrifolium, quadrifrons, quadrilateral, quadrilingual, quadriliteral, quadrillion, quadrinational, quadrinodal, quadrinomial, quadrinominal, quadripara, quadrireme, quadrisection, quadrivalent, quadrivium, quadruped, quadruple, quadruplet, quadruplex, quadruplicate, quatrain, quatre, quatrefoil quattuordecim quattuordecim- fourteen quatorzain, quatorze, quattuordecillion quiēs quiēt- rest acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, acquit, acquittal, acquittance, inquietude, quiescence, quiescent, quiet, quietude, quietus, quit, requiem, requiescat, requital, requite, requitement quīndecim quīndecim- fifteen quindecennial, quindecillion, quindecimal, quindecimvir, quinzaine, quinze quindēni quindēn- fifteen each quindenary quingēnī, quingentēnī quingēn- five hundred each quingenary quīnī quīn- five each biquinary, quinarius, quinary, quinate quinquageni quinquagen- fifty each quinquagenarian, quinquagenary quintus quint- fifth biquintile, quint, quinta, quintal, quintan, quintant, quinte, quintessence, quintessential, quintic, quintile, quintipara, quintus, semiquintile radius radi- ray, spoke biradial, circumradius, interradial, irradiance, irradiate, irradiation, multiradial, nonradiative, nonradioactive, radial, radian, radiance, radiant, radiation, radiator, radio, radioactive, radioactivity, radius, raion, ray, semiradial, transradial rādīx rādīc- root biradical, deracinate, deracination, eradicable, eradicate, radical, radicand, radicant, radicate, radicel, radicle, radicular, radicule, radiculose, radish, ultraradical †radicula radicul- rāmus rām- branch biramous, ramada, ramage, ramal, ramate, ramification, ramiform, ramon, ramose, ramosity, ramulose, ramulus, ramus, ramuscule, uniramous †rāmulus rāmul- rāna rān- frog ranula, ranunculaceous, ranunculus †rānula rānul- †rānunculus rānuncul- rāpa, rāpum rāp- turnip rape, ravioli †rāpulum rāpul- remus rem- oar bireme, quadrireme, quinquereme, remex, remiform, remiges, remigial, remiped, sexireme, trireme rēn ren- kidney adrenal, renal, reniform res re- thing irrealis, real, reality, surreal rete ret- net reticle, reticular, reticulate, reticulation, reticule, retiform, retina †reticulum reticul- rēx rēg- king interregnum, regal, regalia, regality, regency, regent, regicide, regious, reguline, reign, royal, viceroy †regulus regul- ripa rip- bank arrival, arrive, arrivé, riparian, river, riverine, riviera, transriverine ritus rit- rite ritual rivus riv- brook corrival, corrivation, derivation, derivative, derive, nonrivalrous, rival, rivality, rivalrous, rivalry, rivose, rivulet, Rivulus †rivulus rivul- rōbor rōbor- oak corroborant, corroborate, corroboration, corroborative, corroborator, robust rōs rōr- dew irrorate, irroration rosa ros- rose primrose, rosacea, rosaceous, rosarian, rosarium, rosary, rosé, roseola, rosette, rosulate, sub rosa †rosula rosul- rōstrum rōstr- beak, prow brevirostrate, curvirostral, lamellirostral, rostellate, rostelliform, rostellum, rostral, rostrate, rostriform, rostrulum, rostrum †rostellum rostell- †rostrulum rostrul- rota rot- wheel circumrotation, contrarotation, rondeau, rondel, rondo, rotary, rotation, rotational, rotelle, rotifer, Rotifera, rotiferous, rotiform, rotula, rotund, rotunda, rotundifolious, rotundity, roulette, round, roundel, rowel †rotella rotell- †rotula rotul- ruber rubr- red erubescence, erubescent, rubella, Rubio, rubious, rubric, rubricate, rubrication, rubricator, ruby †rubellus rubell- rūdis rūd- rude erudiate, erudite, erudition, rudiment, rudimentary, rudity rūdus rūder- rubbish ruderal rūfus rūf- red rufescence, rufescent, rufous ruga rug- wrinkle arroyo, corrugant, corrugate, corrugation, erugate, rugose rūmen rūmin- throat rumen, rumenic, ruminal, ruminant, ruminate, rumination, ruminator rūpēs rūp- crag, rock rupestrine, rupicolous rūs rūr- countryside, farm nonrural, roister, roisterous, rural, rustic, rusticate, rustication, rusticity sacer sacr-
-secr- sacred consecrate, consecration, deconsecration, desecration, desecrator, execrable, execrate, execration, inexecrable, obsecrate, reconsecrate, sacrament, sacrifice, sacrificial, sacrilege, sacrilegious, sacristy, sacrosanct, saint, sanctimony, sanction, Sanctus, Tersanctus saeculum saecul- nonsecular, secular, secularity saepēs saep- hedge septal, septarium, septate, septiform, septifragal, septulate, septulum, septum, transept, transeptal, uniseptate saeta, sēta saet- bristle searce, seta, setaceous, setal, setaria, setiferous, setiform, setigerous, setireme, setose †saetula saetul- sagina sagin- fatten saginate, sagination sal sal- salt desalinate, desalination, salami, salary, saline, salinity, salsa, sauce, saucisson, sausage sanguis sanguin- blood consanguineous, sangfrois, sanguinaceous, sanguinary, sanguine sanus san- sound insane, insanity, sanatorium, sane, sanity saxum sax- rock saxatile, saxicavous, saxicoline, saxifrage, saxifragous sēdecim sēdecim- sixteen sedecimal sēdēnī sēdēn- sixteen each sedenion semen semin- seed disseminate, dissemination, disseminative, disseminator, disseminule, inseminate, insemination, semen, seminal, seminar, seminarian, seminary, seminiferous, seminific, seminivorous, seminose semis semi- half semiannual, semicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, seminatural senex sen- old man senate, senator, senile, senility, senior, seniority seni sen- six each senary septem sept- seven septangular, September, septemfid, septemfluous, septemvir, septennial, septifarious, septilateral, septinsular, septireme, septivalent, septuple, septuplet, septuplicate septeni septen- seven each septenary septimus septim- seventh septimal, septime sex sex- six semester, sexangle, sexangular, sexavalent, sexennial, sexennium, sexireme, sexivalent, sexpartite, sexradiate, sextain, sextuple, sextuplet sexageni sexagen- sixty each sexagenarian, sexagenary sexagesimus sexagesim- sixtieth sexagesimal sextus sext- sixth bissextile, bissextus, semisextile, sestet, sestina, Sext, sextain, sextan, sextans, sextant, sextary, sextic, sextile, sextillion, siesta, sixte †sextula sextul- sibilus sibil- hiss assibilate, assibilation, persiflage, sibilance, sibilant, sibilate, sibilation, sibilous siccus
• siccior sicc- dry demi-sec, desiccant, desiccation, exsiccant, exsiccate, exsiccation, exsiccator, exsiccatum, sec, siccant, siccation, siccative, siccific sidus sider- constellation consider, considerable, considerate, consideration, desiderate, desideration, desiderative, desideratum, desideria, desirability, desirable, desire, Desiree, inconsiderable, inconsiderate, inconsideration, reconsider, reconsideration, sidereal signum sign- mark, sign adsignify, assign, assignable, assignat, assignation, assignee, assignment, consign, consignable, consignation, consignee, consignment, cosign, cosignatory, countersign, countersignal, countersignature, design, designate, designation, designative, designator, designatory, designee, ensign, insignia, insignificance, insignificant, nonsignatory, re-sign, reassign, reassignment, redesign, redesignate, redesignation, reseal, resealable, resign, resignation, sain, seal, sealable, sealant, sigil, sigillary, sigillate, sigla, sign, signaculum, signage, signal, signalment, signate, signation, signatory, signature, signee, signet, significance, significant, signification, significative, significavit, signum †sigillum sigill- silva silv- forest sylvan, silviculture similis simil- like assimilate, assimilation, similar, similarity, simile, similitude, verisimilitude sincerus sincer- insincere, insincerity, sincere, sincerity singulus singul- one each single, singularity, singulation, singulative sinister sinistr- left sinister, sinistral sinus sinu- curve insinuation, sine, sinus, sinuose, sinuosity, sinuous soccus socc- slipper sock †socculus soccul- socius, socia soci- associate, association, associative, consociate, consociation, consociational, disassociate, disassociation, dissociable, dissocial, dissociate, dissociation, dissociative, interassociation, nonassociative, sociability, sociable, social, sociality, sociative, societal, society sol sol- sun circumsolar, extrasolar, insolate, insolation, solar, solarium, soliform, soliscence, solstice, subsolar solidus solid- nonsolid, quasisolid, semisolid, sol, solder, soldier, soldiery, soldo, solid, solidarity, solidary, solidification, solidity, solidus, sou solium soli- seat soil, soilure, subsoil solum, solea sol- bottom aridisol, entresol, inceptisol, insole, sole, soleus, solifluxion, solum solus sol- alone, only desolate, desolation, desolatory, saudade, sole, soliloquy, solitaire, solitary, solitude, solitudinarian, solitudinous, solivagous, solo, sullen somnium somni- dream somnial somnus somn- sleep insomnia, somnifacient, somniferous, somnific, somniloquy, somnolent sonus son- sound absonant, ambisonic, assonance, assonant, assonate, consonance, consonant, consonous, dissonance, dissonant, inconsonance, inconsonant, infrasonic, infrasound, resonance, resonant, resonate, resound, sonance, sonant, sonnet, sonorant, sonority, soun, sound, subsonic, supersonic, triconsonantal, ultrasonic, ultrasound, unison, unisonal, unisonant, unisonous sopor sopor- deep sleep sopor, soporific soror soror- sister cousin, sororal, sororate, sororicide, sorority sors sort- lot consort, consortial, consortium, sort, sortition, subsort †sorticula sorticul- spatium spati- space interspace, interspatial, space, spatial, spatiate, subspace spēs spēr- hope despair, desperado, desperate, desperation, esperance, prosper, prosperity, prosperous spica spic- ear of grain spica, spicate, spicose, spicosity, spicular, spiculate, spicule, spiculiform †spiculum spicul- spina spin- thorn infraspinate, infraspinatus, interspinal, spinal, spine, spinel, spinescent, spiniferous, spiniform, spinose, spinous spūma spūm- foam despumate, despumation, spoom, spumante, spume squāma squām- scale desquamate, desquamation, desquamative, squamate, Squamella, squamiform, squamosal, squamose, squamous, squamule, squamulose, subsquamosal, supersquamosal †squāmula squāmul- squarrōsus squarrōs- squarrose, squarrulose squātina squātin- angel shark Squatina stagnum stagn- restagnant, restagnate, restagnation, stagnancy, stagnant, stagnate, stagnation stella^{[note 10]} stell- star circumstellar, constellation, interstellar, quasistellar, stellar, stellate, stellation, stelliferous, stelliform, stellula, stellular, substellar sterilis steril- nonsterile, sterilant, sterile, sterility stilus^{[note 11]} stil- stiletto, stiliform, style, stylet, stylus stimulus stimul- costimulation, costimulatory, stimulate, stimulation, stimulative, stimulator, stimulus stipes stipit- etiolate, etiolation, exstipulate, instipulate, stipe, stipel, stipellate, stipes, stipitate, stipitiform, stipular, stipule, stubble †stipella stipell- †stipula stipul- stips stip- stipend stiria stiri- drop distill, distilland, distillate, distillation, distillery, stillatitious, stillatory †stilla still- stirps stirp- extirpate, extirpation strēnuus strenu- strenuity, strenuous stria stri- furrow extrastriate, striate, striation, striatum, striature strix strig- owl strigine, Strix stuppa stupp- tow stupeous, stupose stuprum stupr- constuprate, constupration suavis suav- sweet assuage, assuagement, suave, suaviloquent, suaviloquy, suavity sucus
succus succ- juice exsuccous, succulence, succulent sulcus sulc- furrow bisulcate, bisulcous, sulcal, sulcate, sulcation, sulciform, sulcus, trisulcate superus
• superior
• supremus, summus super-
• superior-
• suprem-, sum- over
• higher
• highest insuperable, superable
• superior, superiority
• consummate, sum, summa, summation, summit, summitry, summity, supreme, supremity, supremum supīnus supin- resupinate, resupination, resupine, supinate, supination, supinator, supine, supinity sūra sur- calf sural surdus surd- deaf absurd, absurdity, surd sūrus sur- branch surculate, surculose †sūrculus surcul- sūs su- sow suid, Suidae susurrus susurr- whisper susurrant, susurrate, susurration, susurrous taberna tabern- tabernacle, tabernacular, tavern tabernaculum tabernacul- tabes tab- tabefaction, tabes, tabescence, tabescent, tabid tabula tabul- board tabellion, table, tablet, tabular, tabulate, tabulation, tabulator †tabella tabell- taedium taedi- tediosity, tedium tardus tard- slow retard, retardation, tardy templum templ- temple templar, template tempus tempor- time contemporaneous, contemporary, extemporaneous, tempest, tempo, temporal, temporaneous, temporary tenuis tenu- thin attenuant, attenuate, attenuation, attenuator, extenuate, extenuation, tenuate, tenuifolious, tenuis, tenuity, tenuous terminus termin- boundary coterminous, determinable, determinant, determinate, determination, determinative, determinator, determine, exterminate, extermination, indeterminable, indeterminate, interminable, terminal, terminate, termination, terminative, terminator terni tern- three each tern, ternary, ternate, ternion terra terr- dry land, earth atterration, circumterrestrial, disinter, disinterment, extraterrestrial, extraterritorial, extraterritoriality, inter, interment, parterre, reinter, reinterment, souterrain, subterrane, subterranean, terrace, terracotta, terrain, terran, terrane, terraqueous, terrarium, terrene, terreplein, terrestrial, terricolous, terrier, terrigenous, territorial, territoriality, territory, terroir, tureen tertius terti- third sesquitertian, sesterce, subtertian, Terce, tercet, tercine, tertial, tertian, tertiary, tertiate, tierce testis test- witness attest, attestable, attestation, attestator, contest, contestable, contestant, contestation, counter-protest, detest, detestable, detestation, incontestability, incontestable, intestable, intestacy, intestate, obtest, obtestation, protest, Protestant, protestation, protestator, testacy, testament, testamentary, testamur, testate, testation, testator, testatrix, testicle, testicond, testicular, testiculate, testimonial, testimonium, testimony titulus titul- title disentitle, disentitlement, entitle, entitlement, intertitle, nontitle, retitle, subtitle, tilde, titular, titulary, titulus tōtus tōt- all, whole factotum, subtotal, total, totality, totipotent trēs tri- three trammel, trellis, trey, triangle, triceps, triennial, trillion, triolet, triple, triplet, triplicate, triquetra, triquetrous, triradiate, trireme, triumvirate, trivia tribus trib- attributable, attribute, attribution, attributive, contribute, contribution, contributive, contributor, contributory, deattribute, deattribution, distributable, distributary, distribute, distribution, distributive, distributor, equidistribution, intertribal, nondistributive, redistribute, redistribution, retribute, retribution, retributive, subtribe, tribal, tribe, tribunal, tribune, tributary, tribute tricae tric- tricks extricable, extricate, extrication, inextricable, intricacy, intricate, intrigant, intrigue, treacherous, treachery, trickery trīgēsimus trīgēsim- thirtieth trigesimal trīnī trīn- three each nontrinitarian, trinal, trinary, trine, Trinidad, Trinitarian, trinity tubus tub- tube intubate, intubation, tubal, tubate, tube, tubicolous, tubicorn, tubiform, tubular, tubulate, tubule †tubulus tubul- turba turb- disturb, disturbance, nonperturbative, perturb, perturbance, perturbation, perturbative, trouble, troublous, turbid, turbidity, turbinate, turbine, turbulence, turbulent †turbula turbul- tussis tuss- cough pertussis, tussive ūber ūber- udder exuberance, exuberant, exuberate, uberous, uberty ulcus ulcer- sore nonulcerous, ulcer, ulcerate, ulceration, ulcerative, ulcerous †ulcusculum ulcuscul- ulmus ulm- elm Ulmaceae, ulmaceous, ulmic, Ulmus ulter
• ulterior
• ultimus ultr-
• ulterior-
• ultim- –
• farther
• farmost, farthest –
• ulterior, ulteriority
• penultimate, ultima, ultimate, ultimatum, ultimogeniture umbra umbr- shade, shadow adumbrate, adumbration, inumbrate, penumbra, umbrage, umbrageous, umbrella †umbella unbell- uncia unci- twelfth inch, ounce, quincuncial, uncial uncus unc- hook unciform, Uncinaria, uncinate, Uncinia unda und- wave abound, abundance, abundant, inundate, redound, redundancy, redundant, superabound, superabundance, superabundant, surround, undulant, undulate, undulation, undulatory, undulose undecim undecim- eleven undecimarticulate undeni unden- eleven each undenary unguis ungu- claw, hoof ungual, unguiferous, unguiform, ungular, ungulate †ungula ungul- ūnus ūn- one adunation, biunique, coadunate, coadunation, disunite, disunity, malunion, nonuniform, nonuniformity, nonunion, nonunique, nonunity, onion, reunification, reunion, reunite, triune, unanimity, unanimous, unary, unate, unicorn, unific, unification, uniform, uniformity, union, unique, unite, unity †ūllus^{[note 12]} ūll- urbs urb- city conurbation, interurban, suburb, suburban, urban, urbane ursus urs- bear ursine, Ursus uterus uter- womb extrauterine, transuterine, uterine, uterus †uterculus utercul- ūva uv- grape uvea, uveal, uvula, uvular †ūvula uvul- uxor uxōr- wife uxorial, uxoricide, uxorilocal, uxorious vacca vacc- cow vaccary, vaccination, vaccine, vaquero vacuus vacu- empty avoid, avoidable, avoidance, devoid, evacuate, evacuee, vacant, , vacate, vacation, vacuole, vacuous, vacuum, void, voidable, voidance vadum vad- ford vadose vāgīna vāgīn- sheath extravaginal, invaginate, invagination, transvaginal, vagina, vaginal, vanilla vagus vag- wandering astray, evagation, extravagance, extravagant, extravaganza, extravagate, stray, vagabond, vagary, vagile, vagrant, vague, vagus valgus valg- bow-legged valgus valles
vallis val- valley valley, vale, valles, vallis vallum vall- rampart circumvallate, circumvallation, contravallation, interval, multivallate, vallar, vallate, vallation, vallum valva valv- bivalve, valvate, valve vanus van- empty, vain evanesce, evanescence, evanescent, evanish, vaniloquence, vain, vanish, vanitas, vanity, vaunt varius vari- varying bivariate, contravariance, contravariant, countervair, covariance, covariant, covariate, covariation, intervarietal, invariable, invariance, invariant, miniver, multivariable, multivariate, subvariety, univariate, vair, vairy, variability, variable, variance, variant, variate, variation, variational, variegate, variegation, variegator, varietal, variety, variform, variola, variolation, variorum, various, vary vās vās- vessel extravasate, extravasation, extravascular, intravasate, intravasation, intravascular, vas, vasal, vascular, vasculature, vasculose, vasculum, vase, vasiform, vasoconstriction †vāscellum vāscell- †vāsculum vāscul- vassus vass- servant valet, varlet, vassal, vassalage †vassallus vassall- vastus vast- empty devastate, devastation, vast, vastitude, vastity, wastage, waste vellus veller- fleece vellum, vellus velox
• velocior
• velocissimus veloc- quick, swift velocipede, velociraptor, velocity vēlum vēl- sail, veil reveal, revelation, revelator, revelatory, velamen, velar, velate, veliger, velum, vexil, vexillary, vexillatio, vexillum, voile †vēxillum vēxill- flag vēna vēn- vein devein, intravenous, vein, veinlet, venae cavae, venation, venational, venesection, venipuncture, venisection, venose, venosity, venous, venular, venule, venulose †venula venul- venēnum venēn- envenomation, venenation, venenose, venom, venomous venter ventr- belly eventration, interventricular, subventricular, supraventricular, ventral, ventricle, ventricular, ventriloquy ventus vent- wind ventage, ventail, ventilate, ventilation, ventilator, ventilatory, ventose, ventosity †ventulus ventul- venum ven- venal, venality, vend venus vener- desire venerable, venereal vērātrum vērātr- hellebore veratridine, veratrine, Veratrum verbum verb- word adverb, adverbial, proverb, proverbial, verbal, verbatim, verbiage, verbicide, verbid, verbose, verbosity vermis verm- worm vermeil, vermian, vermicelli, vermicide, vermicular, vermiculate, vermiculation, vermicule, vermiculite, vermiculose, vermiculture, vermiform, vermifuge, vermilion, vermin, verminate, vermination, verminous, vermiparous, vermivore, vermivorous †vermiculus vermicul- vernus vern- spring vernal vērus ver- true veracious, veracity, verify, verisimilitude, veritable, verity, vespa vesp- wasp vespacide vesper vesper- evening vespertine vestigium vestig- trace, track investigate, vestige, vestigial vestis vest- clothing circumvest, disinvest, disinvestment, divest, divestiture, divestment, invest, investiture, investment, reinvest, reinvestment, revest, revet, revetment, transvestite, travesty, vest, vestment, vesture vetus veter- old inveteracy, inveterate, inveteration, veteran, veterovata via vi- way bivial, bivious, bivium, convey, conveyance, convoy, deviance, deviant, deviate, deviation, devious, envoy, impervious, invoice, nontrivial, obviate, obviation, obvious, pervious, previous, quadrivial, quadrivium, semipervious, trivial, triviality, trivium, via, viaduct, vialis, viary, viatical, viaticum, viator, voyage, voyageur viceni vicen-, vigen- twenty each vicenarian, vicenary vīcēsimus vīcēsim- twentieth vicesimary, vicesimate, vicesimation, vigesimal vicis vic- change subvicar, vicar, vicarage, vicarial, vicariance, vicariant, vicariate, vicarious, viceroy, vicissitude, vicissitudinous, viscount, viscountess vicus vic- vicinage, vicinal, vicine, vicinity vīgēsimus vīgēsim- twentieth septemvigesimal, vigesimal vīgintī vīgint- twenty vigintillion, vigintisexviri, vigintivirate, vigintiviri vīlis
• vilior
• vilissimus vīl- cheap, vile revile, revilement, vile, vilification, vilify, vilipend vīlla vīll- country house demivill, intervillage, supervillain, supervillainess, vill, villa, village, villain, villainess, villainous, villainy, villanelle, villatic, ville, villein, villeinage †vīllula vīllul- villus vill- shaggy hair intervillous, velour, velvet, villiform, villose, villosity, villous, villus vindex vindic- avenge, revanche, revenge, vendetta, vengeance, vindicable, vindicate, vindication, vindicator, vindicatory, vindictive vinum vin- wine vignette, vine, viniculture, vinosity vir vir- man (masculine) quadrumvirate, triumvirate, virago, virile, virility, virtue virga virg- rod, twig virga, virgate, virgule vīrus viru- poison virulent, virus viscus viscer- internal organ eviscerate, visceral, viscus vita vit- life revitalize, viable, vital, vitality, vitamin vitium viti- vice, vicious, vitiate vitrum vitr- glass vitreous, vitriol viverra viverr- ferret viverrid, viverrine vola vol- palm volar vox vōc- voice advocacy, advocate, advowson, avocate, avocation, avoke, avouch, avouchment, avow, avowal, avowance, avowant, avowry, convocation, convoke, devoice, disavouch, disavow, disavowal, disavowance, equivocal, equivocation, equivocator, invocation, irrevocable, nonvocal, prevocalic, provocation, revocable, revocation, revoice, revoke, sub voce, univocal, univocalic, univocity, vocable, vocabulary, vocal, vocalic, vocality, vocation, vocational, vocative, vociferant, vociferous, voice, voiceprint, vouch, voucher, vouchment, vouchsafe, vowel †vōcula vōcul- vulgus vulg- crowd divulge, vulgar, vulgarity, vulgate vulnus vulner- wound invulnerability, invulnerable, vulnerability, vulnerable, vulnerary, vulnerose vulpēs vulp- fox vulpecular, vulpicide, vulpine †vulpēcula vulpēcul- vultur vultur- vulture vulture, vulturine, vulturous Citation form Declining stem Meaning English derivatives

Latin prepositions and other words Word Meaning Prefixes Ref. ā, ab away from ab-, a-, abs-, as- ^[2] ad to, toward ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, at- ambo both ambi-, am-, amb- ante before ante-, anti- bis twice bi-, bis- circum around circum- cis this side of cis- contrā against, opposite to contra-, contro- cum together, with con-, co-, col-, com-, cor- dē down from de- dexter right, to the right hand dextro- dis-, un- apart dis-, di-, dif-, dir- ex, ē from, out of ex-, e-, ef- extrā outside extra-, extro- in in, into in-, il-, im-, ir- īnfrā below infra- inter among, between inter-, intel- intrā within intra-, intro- iuxtā beside juxta- multus much, many multi- ne no ne-, neg- non-, un- not non- ob, obs toward, against, in the way of, by reason of ob-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, os- paene almost, nearly pen- per thorough, through per-, pel- post after, behind post- prae before pre- praeter by, past preter- prō for, forth, in front of pro-, pol-, por-, prod- re- again, back re-, red- retro backwards retro- sē apart, without se-, sed- sinister left, to the left hand sinistr- sub from below, under sub-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus- subter beneath subter- super above, over super- suprā above, more than supra- trāns across trans-, tra-, tran- ^[3] ultrā beyond ultra- ^[4]^[5] ve- out ve-

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Who says Latin is a dead language? It’s true that no country speaks Latin anymore, but thousands of English words have Latin roots, prefixes and suffixes. More than that, Latin words, expressions, and abbreviations are part of everyday English, particularly in the areas of law and business. Below I’ve listed 77 examples of Latin terms every English speaker should become familiar with.

Latin Word/Phrase	Literal Translation	Definition	Sample Sentence
a priori	from the former	Supposed to be true without proof; occurring or being known beforehand.	We know a priori that matter exists; the question is–how did it come into being?
ad hoc	to this	Improvised on the spot or for a specific, immediate purpose.	The committee was formed ad hoc to address increasing crime in the neighborhood.
ad hominem	to/at the man	A logical fallacy in which the person rather than his argument is attacked.	Ad hominem attack ads are all too common during campaign season.
ad infinitum	to infinity	Going on forever.	Because pi is an irrational number, the digits after the decimal continue ad infinitum.
ad nauseam	to the point of disgust	Alternative to ad infinitum; repeating until it makes one sick.	Tom complained ad nauseam about his new job.
alibi	elsewhere	A legal defense where a defendant seeks to show that he was elsewhere when the crime was committed.	The defendant had clear motive, but his alibi was airtight, so the jury declared him not guilty.
alma mater	nourishing mother	The school or university from which one graduates.	Dad returns to his alma mater every few years for his class reunion.
alter ego	another I	Another self; secret identity.	Spiderman’s famous alter ego is wimpy news photographer Peter Parker.
antebellum	before the war	Usually refers to the period before the American Civil War.	Even in northern states racism was common during the antebellum period.
aurora borealis	northern lights	A natural light display visible in the night time sky in Arctic regions; the same phenomena in the south is known as the aurora australis.	Even after twenty years of living in northern Alaska, Carol never ceased to be astonished by the sudden beauty of the aurora borealis.
Ave Maria	Hail, Mary	Catholic prayer to Mary, the mother of Jesus.	My devout sister prays the Ave Maria every night before bed.
bona fide	good faith	Coming from sincere intentions; genuine, true.	The painting is a bona fide Renoir.
caveat emptor	let the buyer beware	The purchaser is responsible for evaluating the quality and utility of the goods he purchases.	The sign over the entrance of the used car dealership – caveat emptor – did not give me confidence.
coram deo	in the presence of god	The theological idea that we live ever in the presence of, under the authority of, and to the honor and glory of God.	We are never really alone, because all of life is lived *coram deo*.
corpus	body	Contents; or collection of works by an author or artist; a particular collection of artistic works.	The corpus of William Shakespeare includes dramatic tragedies, comedies, and histories.
cum laude	with honor	A title applied to academic graduates who attain to a level of excellence. Students can also graduate magna cum laude (with great honor) or summa cum laude (with highest honor).	Sarah is naturally smart, but it was her dedication to academic study that caused her to graduate summa cum laude.
curriculum vitae	course of life	A comprehensive resume listing educational and employment history and qualifications for job seekers.	It’s a good idea to present your prospective employer with a copy of your curriculum vitae at the start of a job interview.
de facto	in fact	Actually; in reality.	The intention of the new law is good, but de facto, it just doesn’t work.
de jure	by law	According to law; by right.	De jure, adultery is illegal in many states, but the laws are never enforced.
deus ex machina	God from the machine	An unexpected, artificial, or improbable resolution to a plot situation in a work of fiction.	The action movie was entertaining, but the ending was an unconvincing deus ex machina.
emeritus	having served one’s time	An adjective used to denote a retired professor, president, bishop, or other professional; post-retirement status.	Today’s speaker is Dr. Ruth Fisher, professor emeritus at Stanford University.
ex libris	from the books	A phrase often stamped or printed on books to denote ownership; “from the library of.”	I am happy to lend my books, but I stamp them “ex libris Tony Danza” so I can get them back.
ex nihilo	out of nothing	Usually refers to divine creation and the idea that God made the world out of nothing, with no preexisting tools or materials.	All men are by nature creative, but only God creates ex nihilo.
ex post facto	from a thing done afterward	Usually used in a legal context, ex post facto refers to a law that is retroactive, that applies to actions taken prior to the existence of the law.	The new law will not apply to previous violators because it cannot be applied ex post facto.
habeas corpus	have the body	A writ ordering a person to appear before a judge, or the right to obtain such a writ as protection against imprisonment without trial.	Terrorism suspects often have no right to habeas corpus and can be held indefinitely without trial.
homo sapien	wise man	Human; the scientific name for the human species.	There is some question about whether or not the fossilized skeleton is homo sapien.
in loco parentis	in place of a parent	In legal terms, assuming the authority and responsibilities of a parent.	While at school, your teachers serve in loco parentis.
in medias res	in the middle of things	A literary technique where the telling of the story begins in the middle rather than at the beginning.	Epic poems often begin in medias res and explain the earlier parts of the story via dialogue.
in toto	in total	Completely; totally, all together.	Even though lots of things went wrong, in toto, the event was a success.
in vitro	in glass	Refers to studies done on organisms isolated from their normal biological surroundings; commonly called test tube studies or experiments.
ipso facto	by the fact itself	As a direct consequence or effect of the action in question; in and of itself.	Steve was swerving and driving too slow; ipso facto, he was pulled over and tested for driving under the influence.
magnum opus	great work	The largest, best, or greatest achievement of an artist.	His ninth symphony is considered Beethoven’s magnum opus.
mea culpa	my fault	My mistake; my fault; an admission of guilt or responsibility.	The football player made a televised mea culpa after his disgraceful public behavior.
non sequiter	it does not follow	A logical fallacy where the conclusion does not reasonably follow from the premise; or, in literature, an irrelevant, often humorous response to a comment.	Overall, your argument is convincing, but your point about public education was a non-sequiter.
Pax Romana	roman peace	A period in history, during the dominance of the Roman empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, when relative peace reigned and little expansion of the Empire took place.	Christianity spread rapidly during the Pax Romana.
per capita	by heads	Per person; a ratio by the number of persons.	Each year, Americans eat about 135 pounds of sugar per capita.
per diem	per day	A daily allowance for expenses.	On my trip to Philadelphia, the company gave me a $100 per diem.
per se	through itself	In itself; by itself; without reference to anything else.	Eating salt isn’t bad per se, but consuming too much carries various health risks.
persona non grata	not-pleasing person	An unwelcome, unwanted, or undesirable person.	After I broke Aunt Wilma’s antique vase, I was persona non-grata at the Thomas home.
postmortem	after death	After death.	Officials determined the death was accidental after a postmortem examination.
prima facie	at first sight	Often refers to evidence in a trial that suggests but does not prove guilt.	Even though the prima facie evidence was strong, the defendant’s innocence became clear as the trial wore on.
pro bono	for good	Work undertaken voluntarily without compensation.	The lawyer was so moved by the plight of the workers, he defended their case pro bono.
pro rata	for the rate	Proportionately or proportional.	Extra nights at the hotel are charged pro rata of the weekly rental.
quid pro quo	what for what	This for that; a thing for a thing; a favor exchanged for favor.	After I picked him up at the airport, Larry took me to lunch as a quid pro quo.
quorum	of whom	The number of members whose presence is required.	Only ten board members showed up, leaving them two short of a quorum.
re	by the thing	In the matter of; referring to; regarding.	Is this phone call re the recent estate auction?
rigor mortis	stiffness of death	The rigidity that sets in on corpses about three to four hours after death.	The police had a hard time removing the briefcase from the victim’s grasp, rigor mortis having set in.
semper fideles	always faithful	The motto of the U.S. Marine Corps; sometimes abbreviated semper fi.	My uncle, the retired Marine sergeant, has “semper fideles” tattooed on his arm.
sic	thus	Just so; used to indicate that a preceding quotation is copied exactly, despite any errors of spelling, grammar, or fact.	The student wrote “the communists were probly right about some things [sic].”
sola fide	faith alone	One of the “Five Solas” of the Protestant Reformation that summarize the theology of the reformers. The others are sola scriptura (by Scripture alone), sola gratia (by grace alone), solo Christo (Christ alone), and soli Deo gloria (glory to God alone).	An important tenet of Protestantism is the idea of *sola fide* – that salvation is attained by faith, not works.
status quo	the situation in which	The current condition or situation; the way things are.	The protestors were unhappy about the status quo.
subpoena	under penalty	A request, usually by a court, that must be complied with on pain of punishment.	The officer issued me a subpoena to appear in court in June.

tabula rasa	scraped tablet	A blank slate; a clean slate; used figuratively to describe the human mind prior to influential experience.	The idea of original sin is at odds with the notion that babies are born with a moral tabula rasa.
terra firma	solid land	Solid ground.	After eight days at sea, I couldn’t wait to set foot on terra firma.
verbatim	word for word	Perfect transcription or quotation.	I’m sorry it offends you, but that’s what he said verbatim.
veto	I forbid	The political power to single-handedly stop or make void a law.	The bill passed by a slim margin, but the President is likely to veto it.
vice versa	the other way around	The other way around.	Tom is in love with Lorraine and vice versa.
vox populi	voice of the people	In broadcasting, an unscripted interview with ordinary members of the public.	After the controversial trial, networks broadcast numerous vox populi interviews.
Common Abbreviations
A.D. (Anno Domini)	in the Year of the Lord	The predominantly used system for dating, indicating years since the birth of Jesus Christ. Years prior to the birth of Christ are normally indicated by BC, an English abbreviation for Before Christ.	The Battle of Hastings took place in A.D. 1066.
AM (ante meridiem)	before midday	Indicates the time from midnight to noon.	Normally, I awake at 6 AM.
e.g.(exempli gratia)	for the sake of example	For example.	My favorite movies are Westerns (e.g., High Noon, True Grit, Unforgiven)
et al. (et alii)	and others	Similar to et cetera, to stand for a list of names, particularly in APA and MLA style papers.	Defeating the Los Angeles Galaxy – David Beckham, Landon Donovan et al. – in the 2009 MLS Cup final proved possible.
etc. (et cetera)	and the rest	And so on; and more.	Sylvia purchased pots, pans, utensils, etc. for her new kitchen.
i.e. (id est)	that is	That is to say; which means; in other words.	Jim encountered Victor, (i.e, his new boss) in the elevator that morning.
ibid. (ibidem)	in the same place	Used in formal citations to refer to the last referenced source.	Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina, 471. Ibid.
m.o. (modus operandi)	method of operating	Usually associated with criminals and their methods of committing crimes.	The police suspected Harry Harrison because the crime fit his m.o. perfectly.
PM (post meridiem)	after midday	The time between noon and midnight.	I will meet you for coffee at 2 PM.
p.s. (post scriptum)	after text	After writing; used to indicated addendums to otherwise completed personal letters.	Sincerely,George p.s., Don’t forget to feed the parrot.
Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum)	what was to be demonstrated	Often written at the bottom of a mathematical or logical proof, indicating that the proof is complete.	“No snakes have legs. That creature has legs. Therefore, the creature is not a snake. Q.E.D.”
R.I.P. (requiescat in pace)	rest in peace	A benediction for the dead often appearing on gravestones.	Inscribed on his tombstone were the simple words, “Henry Humble, R.I.P.”
vs. or v. (versus)	towards; in the direction	Mistakenly used in English to mean “against,” particularly to indicate opposing parties in legal disputes or athletic events.	Today’s main event is Wally Wilson vs. Tony “The Tiger” Thomson.
Quotes and Sayings
carpe diem	seize the day	A phrase from a poem by Horace, now an aphorism meaning, “take advantage of life while you can.”	The closer I get to old age, the more I realize how important it is to live life with a *carpe diem* approach.
Cogito ergo sum.	I think, therefore, I am	The famous philosophical proposition by René Descartes. It implies that doubting one’s own existence proves one’s existence.	*Cogito ergo sum* is the foundation of Cartesian thought.
Veni, vidi, vici.	I came, I saw, I conquered	A sentence attributed to Julius Caesar upon his conquest of Britain. Quoted by Plutarch.	When asked about his recent victory at the U.S. Open, Johns replied, “*Veni, vidi, vici*!”
e pluribus unum	out of many, one	A phrase on the Seal of the United States.	Many U.S. coins pay tribute to the melting pot history of the country with the phrase *e pluribus unum*.
et tu, Brute?	and you also, Brutus?	Legendarily the last words of Julius Caesar as he realizes that his friend Marcus Brutus was among his murderers.	After I joined in the teasing, my brother looked at me with a mock-tragic grin and said, “*Et tu, Brute*?”
sic semper tyrannis	thus always to tyrants	Sometimes attributed to Brutus as he participated in the assassination of Julius Caesar. John Wilkes Booth claimed to have shouted this phrase after shooting Abraham Lincoln. The motto of the Commonwealth of Virginia.	The historic American resistance to dictatorship is expressed in the common phrase, sic semper tyrannis.

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