Tip: See my list of the 
Most Common Mistakes in English. It will teach you how to avoid mistakes with commas, prepositions, irregular verbs, and much more.
Since you are reading this article in English, the odds are you already know what the conjunction “so” means. You probably also know that “thus”, “therefore”, and “hence” mean basically the same as “so”, and you are wondering what the difference is. If this is the case, this article is just for you.
Before moving on to the particular words, it should be noted that “thus”, “therefore”, and “hence” are all rather formal and much more common in writing than in everyday conversation, where they are almost always substituted by “so”.
“Thus” and “so”
The most important difference between “thus” and “so” is that “so” is a conjunction (meaning “and for that reason”, “and because of that”), whereas “thus” is an adverb (synonymous with “consequently”). For example, the sentence
He is not satisfied, so we must prepare a new proposal.
can be rewritten using “thus” as follows:
correct He is not satisfied. Thus, we must prepare a new proposal.
correct He is not satisfied; thus, we must prepare a new proposal.
correct He is not satisfied, and(,) thus(,) we must prepare a new proposal.
wrong He is not satisfied with it, thus we must prepare a new proposal.
“Thus” is usually separated from the rest of the sentence by commas, but the commas are often omitted if this would lead to three commas in a row (as in the third example).
The last example is not correct because “thus” cannot join two independent clauses.
“Thus” also has another meaning: “in this way”, “like this” (in which case it does not introduce a clause). For example:
They have developed a new technology, thus allowing them to reduce costs.
The comma here was appropriate because what follows “thus” is not a clause. It is just a parenthetical expression extending the preceding clause.
“Hence”
Just like “thus”, “hence” is an adverb, not a conjunction, so it cannot join two independent clauses (note that it is more common to omit the commas around “hence” than after “thus” in formal writing):
correct He is not satisfied. Hence(,) we must prepare a new proposal.
correct He is not satisfied; hence(,) we must prepare a new proposal.
wrong He is not satisfied, hence we must prepare a new proposal.
“Hence” used in this sense is rather uncommon, and such usage persists mostly in specialized fields, such as scientific writing.
There is, however, another, more common meaning of “hence”, which substitutes a verb but is not a clause in itself and is always separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma:
Our server was down, hence the delay in responding.
The chemicals cause the rain to become acidic, hence the term “acid rain”.
As you can see, “hence” substitutes phrases such as “which leads to” or “which is the reason of”.
“Therefore”
Finally, “therefore” is also an adverb meaning “as a logical consequence”. It is used mostly in argumentation when one statement logically follows from another, and it is common in scientific literature.
Again, style guides usually recommend to set it off with commas, but when this would break the natural flow of the sentence, most authors tend to omit the commas:
correct The two lines intersect. Therefore(,) they are not parallel.
correct The two lines intersect; therefore(,) they are not parallel.
correct The two lines intersect, and(,) therefore(,) they are not parallel.
wrong The two lines intersect, therefore they are not parallel.
Some people argue that “therefore” functions perfectly well as a conjunction (like “so”) and separating it with a comma instead of a semicolon is acceptable. However, none of the major English dictionaries (such as Oxford English Dictionary or Merriam-Webster) endorses such usage.
Note that “therefore” does not sound natural when there is no apparent logical connection between the two statements, especially in an informal context. You should use “so” in such cases:
correct The trip was cancelled, so I visited my grandma instead.
unnatural The trip was cancelled; therefore I visited my grandma instead.
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Table of Contents
- What is another word for anticipated and prevented?
- What are kebab Spike called?
- What is a Persian greyhound called?
- What is a 3 letter word for so or thus?
- What is thus and so mean?
- Why use Ergo instead of therefore?
- Is Ergo too formal?
- Is ergo proper English?
- Is ergo the same as therefore?
- Can you say Ergo In an essay?
- Is ergo a transition word?
- What is another transition word for therefore?
- What does Ergo mean why does Launcelot use this word?
Filters. (idiomatic) In such a way; in some manner (generic). He wants everything to be thus and so. adjective.
What is another word for anticipated and prevented?
The words anticipate and forestall are common synonyms of prevent. While all three words mean “to deal with beforehand,” prevent implies taking advance measures against something possible or probable.
What are kebab Spike called?
| kebab spike (6) | |
|---|---|
| Kebab spike | |
| SKEWER | |
| Kebab spikes (7) | |
| SKEWERS |
What is a Persian greyhound called?
Saluki
sic
What is a 3 letter word for so or thus?
| so or thus (3) | |
|---|---|
| So, or in this way | |
| THUS | |
| Regulated eg, thus – or most inaccurate | |
| ROUGHEST |
What is thus and so mean?
Why use Ergo instead of therefore?
As adverbs the difference between therefore and ergo is that therefore is (conjunctive) for that or this purpose, referring to something previously stated while ergo is consequently, therefore.
Is Ergo too formal?
As for the basic meaning, yes, they’re completely interchangeable. On the more subjective question of style or tone, ergo, like many Latin words, may bring to mind scholarly, philosophical, or legal language.
Is ergo proper English?
The adverb ergo is a fancy version of “therefore.” Use it as a connector between thoughts and sentences that logically follow. You were present during the robbery; ergo, you were called as a witness.
Is ergo the same as therefore?
Ergo may refer to: A Latin word meaning “therefore” as in Cogito ergo sum.
Can you say Ergo In an essay?
1 Answer. Ergo appears to be used in the social sciences (although somewhat rarely). I found some papers at random that use “ergo”. Interestingly enough, “ergo” may or may not be italicized when used (as you can see from these examples).
Is ergo a transition word?
Note that “ergo” can function as a normal transitional word, like “next,” “then,” or “lastly.” Begin your sentence with “ergo” to explain why or how something is happening.
What is another transition word for therefore?
Therefore, finally, consequently, thus, in short, in conclusion, in brief, as a result, accordingly. For this purpose, to this end, with this in mind, with this purpose in mind, therefore.
What does Ergo mean why does Launcelot use this word?
~Ergo means therefore in latin. ~Launcelot uses high-sounding words in order to confuse his father and disguise his own identity.
Currently there are about 4,000 international students from 110 different nations across the world, thus/so the university offers perfect conditions for socializing and making new friends.
Is this sentence correct formal English? I don’t know if I can use «thus» here, or if I should use «so» instead. Or is it better to rephrase as follows?
With about 4,000 international students from 110 different nations across the world, the university offers perfect conditions for socializing and making new friends.
In German we would write the latter, but is it possible to use «with» this way in English?
asked Jan 31, 2014 at 17:52
4
Either thus or so would make your first example sentence correct. However, your suggested rephrasing is also correct, and is the form I would recommend.
In the first example, thus and so are both being used as synonyms for therefore and meaning «as a result».
There are many grammatically correct ways to construct a sentence which declares that «because A is true, B is true also.» My preference for your rephrasing is based on style and personal opinion, not grammar.
answered Jan 31, 2014 at 18:14
asfallowsasfallows
2,7961 gold badge15 silver badges14 bronze badges
Technically speaking, «thus» is not a coordinating conjunction, but a conjunctive adverb. Using it as suggested above would not be correct formal English.
Why?
The emended version would look like this:
«Currently there are about 4000 international students from 110 different nations across the world, thus the university offers perfect conditions for socializing and making new friends.»
The problem with the above is that you would have two independent clauses joined by a comma — aka a «comma splice.»
«So», in contrast, is in fact a coordinating conjunction, so there would be no error if you used it to join the two clauses:
«Currently there are about 4000 international students from 110 different nations across the world, so the university offers perfect conditions for socializing and making new friends.»
I agree with the previous poster, however; your second version is more elegantly phrased.
answered Feb 1, 2014 at 3:16
1
Using either thus or so would make your first example sentence correct. However, your suggested rephrasing is also correct, and is the form I would recommend.
Sven Yargs
157k34 gold badges406 silver badges726 bronze badges
answered Nov 18, 2016 at 4:50
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#1
I was sometime advised would be better for me, being a foreigner, avoid the word “thus” and use instead “so” because the first word sounds rather pompous and antiquated. However I’ve seen lately several phrases written by natives using “thus”.
My question: Is “thus” and “so” always interchangeable? If it is not, how do you know when use each one?
Is indeed “thus” sounding pompous and antiquated to you?
Thank you very much
-
#2
Thus is not very common anymore where I live. I hear it maybe once a year.
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#3
«Thus» is not a word I hear often but I do hear it spoken on occasion. I actually see it in writing more often than I hear it spoken but I don’t think it has an antiquated or pompous ring to it. In my mind, it’s just a little old-fashioned and formal but, especially in written text, it can be a perfectly appropriate word.
I’ve never liked the word «so» for some reason. It sounds, to my ear, sort of «cheap». I’m not sure if you know what I mean but one could say:
«I’m not feeling well, thus I can’t go to the party with you.» or
«I’m not feeling well so I can’t go to the party with you.» or
«I’m not feeling well and, accordingly, I can’t go to the party with you.»
Obviously, the first example sounds a little too formal in this context. The second sentence is what you’d most likely hear in casual conversation. The third sentence is probably the one I’d use.
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#4
I would say that «thus» is more a synonym of «therefore» than of «so». Hence sounding very formal, as if you were presenting a mathematical proof.
-
#5
I would say that «thus» is more a synonym of «therefore» than of «so». Hence sounding very formal, as if you were presenting a mathematical proof.
Very true but «therefore» could also be used in this context…
«I’m not feeling well, therefore, I can’t go to the party with you».
I think «thus» and «therefore» are most often used in reasonably formal writing, though, and «so» would likely most often be heard in everyday conversation.
I think we’re all on the same wavelength here.
-
#6
Thanks ever so much folks. It’s always interesting to know your point of view.
-
#7
Hello Luis,
In British English we tend to use ‘so’ in conversation and ‘thus’ in formal writing, just as people do on the other side of the Atlantic. In essence, both words mean the same (i.e. therefore).
I would never say ‘thus’ when chatting informally with friends and, when writing a formal report/document/essay etc, I would never use ‘so’.
I would not use the expression ‘so as to’ in a formal document either. I would use the expression ‘in order to’ instead.
I hope this helps you to understand.
What is the Latin for so or thus?
| so, thus (latin) (3) | |
|---|---|
| So, thus (Latin) | |
| SIC | |
| Hence: Latin | |
| H I N C |
Is thus Latin?
Thanks for your feedback!…
| thus, in latin | |
|---|---|
| Thus, in Taxco | |
| AS I | |
| Thus, in Trieste | |
| COSI |
What is the iron glove of Armour called?
GAUNTLET
What is the rim of a golf hole called?
| golf hole’s rim (3) | |
|---|---|
| TET | |
| Rim | |
| HEM | |
| Rim |
What’s a turkey in golf?
In ten-pin bowling, a trio of consecutive strikes is called a turkey, while six in a row is known as a wild, or golden, turkey. It wouldn’t be the first time golf has borrowed from another sport to expand its lexicon. Click here to return to NCG’s Golf Glossary.
What is the best shot in golf called?
Basic Golf Terms For Dummies: Scoring 101
- Ace – Hole in One. An ace, commonly known as a hole-in-one, is the best score out there.
- Albatross (Double Eagle) Very few golfers have the honor or getting an albatross which is commonly known as a double eagle.
- Eagle.
- Birdie.
- Par.
- Bogey.
- Double Bogey.
- Triple Bogey.
What is an ostrich in golf?
The term “ostrich” is used to describe the completion of a hole using five less strokes than the par. In other words, the golfer must place the ball in the hole on the very first shot attempt.
What does F mean in golf?
F wedge (also “Fairway wedge, A wedge, Approach wedge, Gap wedge” and others) typically the same thing as a gap wedge, around 52 degrees of loft (names of clubs and specifications vary between manufacturers – see also wedges and their names)
What is a bad shot in golf called?
Duff: A bad shot. Duck hook: When a right-handed player strikes the ball such that it curves sharply from right to left and stays low to the ground. Eagle: A score of two under par. Etiquette: The rules governing a golfer’s behavior.
What is the first shot in golf called?
tee box
How do you say good luck in golf?
How to Wish a Golfer Good Luck (11 Ways)
- “Good Luck” It may seem simple, but it absolutely works as a way to wish a golfer the best.
- “Hit ‘Em Straight”
- “Play Well”
- “Have a Good Round”
- “Keep It in the Fairway”
- “Have a Good Game”
- “Enjoy Your Round”
- “Fairways and Greens”
What does four mean in golf?
Nowadays, most golfers yell “fore” only after they’ve hit an errant shot toward an unsuspecting golfer, but the term which translates to “watch out!” or “heads up!” was originally intended to be used before teeing off.
Does golf really stand for?
The word ‘golf’ is not an acronym for anything. Rather, it derives linguistically from the Dutch word ‘kolf’ or ‘kolve,’ meaning quite simply ‘club.
Why do golf balls have dimples?
Dimples on a golf ball create a thin turbulent boundary layer of air that clings to the ball’s surface. This allows the smoothly flowing air to follow the ball’s surface a little farther around the back side of the ball, thereby decreasing the size of the wake.
What is the world’s longest drive in golf?
475 yards
What is the rarest shot in golf?
condors
Has Tiger Woods ever shot a 59?
Tiger Woods’ Lowest Round Ever Has Woods ever shot 59? The answer is yes, but it didn’t happen in an official tournament round. And Woods carded a 59 that day, 13-under par on the Isleworth course. He scored 32 on the front nine and 27 on the back nine.
What is a 59 in golf?
This article lists the lowest rounds of golf. In professional competition a round of 59 or less is regarded as a significant achievement. In men’s major championships the lowest round is 62 by Branden Grace at the 2017 Open Championship.
Has anyone ever birdied all 18 holes?
What we can say with certainty is that no round of 54 has ever been recorded in golf but that at least four rounds of 55 have been recorded. So below we’ll list the lowest golf scores for which there is documentary evidence.
What is Tiger’s worst score?
Woods finished with a 76, one better than his worst score of 77 shot during the third round of the 1995 Masters, when he was 19 years old and playing the event for the first time. “That’s part of our sport,” he said.
Did Tiger get a 10 on a par-3?
Defending champion Tiger Woods made history during Sunday’s final round of the Masters, but for all the wrong reasons. The 15-time major champion made a 10 – yes, you read that right, a 10 – on the par-3 12th hole after hitting three balls in Rae’s Creek in the heart of Augusta National’s Amen Corner.
Did Tiger have a 10 on a par-3?
Tiger Woods gets a 10 on the par-3 12th hole, but closes strong with birdies on five of his last six holes. Three shots into Rae’s Creek and a two-putt on the green and Woods carded a 10 on the hole that represents the middle of Amen Corner.
How did Tiger shoot 10 on a par-3?
Defending Masters champion Tiger Woods should’ve brought his swim trunks to the final round. He knocked three balls into the water at the par-3 12th hole for a septuple-bogey 10, a stunning turn at the shortest hole on the course.
What car does Tiger Woods drive?
With a price tag nipping at half a million dollars, the Porsche Carrera GT is one of the most expensive rides in the Woods garage. Powered by a 5.7-liter V10 engine that’s backed by a 6-speed manual transmission, the super Porsche has a top speed of 205 mph.
Why did Tiger crash his car?
The 22-page report was obtained by USA TODAY Sports after the sheriff’s department announced Wednesday that the cause of the Woods crash was “driving at a speed unsafe for the road conditions and the inability to negotiate the curve of the roadway.” Woods also told investigators he does not remember driving.
What happened to Tiger on the par-3?
Tiger, who entered Round 4 with an outside chance at challenging for the championship at 5 under, carded a septuple bogey on the par-3 12th: a 10-shot hole. The defending Masters champion hit the drink three times on 12, dropping him from 3 under to 4 over, tied for 55th among golfers who made the cut.
What is Tiger’s best score?
85
What did Tiger say about his 10?
Tiger’s 10 at the 12th “That’s part of our sport,” he said, reflecting on his spectacular finish. “As I was saying in there earlier, this sport is awfully lonely sometimes. You have to fight it, nobody is going to bring you off the mound or call in a sub.
What did Tiger shoot at the Masters today?
Hole 18 – Par 4 Tiger ends his 2020 Masters with a bomb of a drive 300-plus yards down the fairway.
What is the Latin for so or thus?
by
Alex Heath
·
2019-02-18
What is the Latin for so or thus?
| so, thus (latin) (3) | |
|---|---|
| So, thus (Latin) | |
| SIC | |
| Hence: Latin | |
| H I N C |
Is London colder than Chicago?
London’s weather is greatly influenced by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current with origins in the Caribbean. London shares a similar latitude (51.5 degrees N) with cities like Warsaw, Kiev, and Winnipeg and is nearly 10 degrees north of Chicago.
Where do millionaires live in Chicago?
Detailed List Of The Richest Neighborhoods In Chicago For 2021
| Rank | Neighborhood | Median Household Income< |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Forest Glen | $112,032 |
| 2 | Lincoln Park | $99,720 |
| 3 | North Center | $99,384 |
| 4 | Beverly | $99,102 |
Is London or Chicago more expensive?
London is the more expensive city by far when it comes to property, with comparable rental prices being between 71-77% higher. If you were to buy a central city apartment in Chicago you’d pay an average price of £2,280 ($3,456) per square meter. In London, this rises to £16,342 ($24,769).
What US state is as big as the UK?
According to the map, Alaska is more than seven times the size of the UK, which covers 93,627.8 square miles and comprises four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Are UK sizes bigger than us?
As you can see in the chart below, the US size is 2 sizes smaller than the UK size. For example, if you need a US women’s size 12, you would need to order a UK women’s size 16. Check out the size chart to make you’ve got the right sizes in mind if you’re planning to order anything that runs in UK sizing.
Is Texas bigger than the UK?
Texas is about 2.8 times bigger than United Kingdom. United Kingdom is approximately 243,610 sq km, while Texas is approximately 678,052 sq km, making Texas 178% larger than United Kingdom.
How much is rent in UK?
Rent: The average rent that you will pay in UK varies depending on where you live and the type of accommodation you have. A one-bedroom flat averages at £758 (~$1000 USD) per month if you’re in the city; £614 (~$810 USD) if you’re outside of the city. It may be more if your energy costs are included in the rent.
How much money do you need to live comfortably in UK?
Final Note. If you want to live comfortably in one of the most expensive countries in the world, you will be able to live a comfortable lifestyle with £30,000 per year to spend on all things related to accommodation, general expenses, and leisure activities. While moving to the U.K.
Is UK a good place to live?
The Better Life Index has described the UK as one of the best among developed countries for quality of life. The UK is one of the best places to live and work, or so says the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, who have released a report on how well-being has been affected by the financial crisis.