Eternal memory and glory to the liberators
that with a weapon in hands protected freedom and independence of our country, workers of rear, that selflessly worked for the sake of Victory!
Вечная память и слава освободителям,
которые с оружием в руках защитили свободу и независимость нашей страны, труженикам тыла, которые самоотверженно работали ради Победы!
Please indicate whether in your country workers are granted the possibility to strike as a matter of constitutional
or legal right.
Просьба сообщить, предоставлена ли трудящимся вашей страны возможность бастовать в качестве осуществления конституционного или юридического права.
It may be that, in the future, third country workers will be concentrated in sectors of economy
specifically reserved for them segmentation of the labour market.
Есть основания предполагать, что в будущем работники третьих стран будут сосредоточены в отведенных для них секторах экономики
сегментация рынка труда.
Another source of migration is recruitment by developing
countries
to
fill jobs either unwanted by host country workers or where local populations cannot sufficiently
supply a labor force.
Другим источником миграции являются проводимые в развивающихся
странах
кампании по вербовке
для выполнения работы, которую не желают выполнять трудящиеся принимающих стран, либо когда местное население не
способно обеспечить достаточные трудовые резервы.
The multilateral temporary work visa scheme(quota for skilled and
unskilled developing country workers at 3 per cent of the developed-country labour force)
is estimated to generate $200 billion globally.
Многосторонний план выдачи временных рабочих виз(
квота на квалифицированных и неквалифицированных работников из развивающихся стран в размере 3 процентов
от численности рабочей силы в развитых
странах)
позволит получить, согласно оценке, в общей сложности 200 млрд. долл.
Non-EU Member Country workers enjoy equal treatment with nationals as regards.
Работники из стран, не являющихся членами ЕС, пользуются такими же условиями, как и граждане, в отношении.
Proposal of 23 October 2007 for a Council Directive on a single application procedure for a single permit for Non-EU Member
Country
nationals to reside and work in the territory of a Member State and
on a common set of rights for Non-EU Member Country workers legally residing in a Member State.
Предложение от 23 октября 2007 года о Директиве Совета относительно единого порядка подачи ходатайств о выдаче гражданам
стран,
не являющихся членами ЕС, единого разрешения на проживание и работу на территории государства- члена,
а также об общем наборе правил для работников из стран, не являющихся членами ЕС, которые законно проживают в государстве члене.
In many countries, workers in EPZs find unionization and collective bargaining nearly impossible.
Во многих странах работники ЗОЭ практически не имеют возможности объединяться в профсоюзы
и вести коллективные переговоры.
or foreign direct investment.
В некоторых странах денежные переводы рабочих сейчас превышают объем поступающей помощи
или прямых иностранных инвестиций.
We should try to implement the same model in other countries, workers being united in one single transport union.
Мы должны стараться перенести этот опыт в другие страны, а трудящимся следует объединяться в один профсоюз транспортников.
In poor countries, workers laid off from the formal sector have turned to the informal economy,
where salaries are lower and working conditions poorer.
В бедных странах работники, уволенные с предприятий, относящихся к формальному сектору, переходят в неформальный сектор, где
заработная плата зачастую ниже, а условия труда хуже.
and there is no discernible loss in output or increase in wages after their departure.
В некоторых странах задача отыскания замены эмигрировавшим работникам решается легко,
поэтому скольнибудь заметного снижения объема производства или увеличения размера заработной платы после их отъезда не происходит.
In poor countries, workers laid off from the formal sector have turned to the informal economy,
where salaries are often lower and working conditions are poorer.
В бедных странах работники, уволенные с предприятий, относящихся к формальному сектору, переходят в неформальный
сектор, где заработная плата зачастую ниже, а условия труда хуже.
or have suffered increased insecurity of employment as a result of policies designed to achieve the transition to market economies or to implement structural adjustment measures.
или теряют чувство уверенности в обеспечении работой в результате политики, предназначенной для обеспечения перехода к рыночной экономике или для осуществления мер структурной перестройки.
At the ship graveyards in those three countries, workers first strip the vessels of all reusable parts,
feeding a downstream industry that sells components such as engines, fridges, ladders and gas canisters through the region.
На кладбищах старых кораблей в этих странах рабочие сначала снимают с судов все, что можно повторно
использовать, питая целую индустрию, которая занимается продажей двигателей, холодильников, трапов и канистр для бензина по всему региону.
In less developed countries, workers who participate in the formal economy have been subject to long-established,
mandatory retirement ages that are relatively low, often between 50 and 55, with different retirement ages for men and women, the retirement age for women usually being lower.
В менее развитых странах для лиц, занятых в формальном секторе экономики, с давних
пор установлен относительно низкий возраст обязательного выхода на пенсию, часто составляющий 50- 55 лет и обычно более низкий для женщин, чем для мужчин.
In the great majority of countries, workers‘ claims constitute a class of privileged
claims on their own and are granted a higher rank of priority that that of the State and the social security system.
В огромном большинстве стран требования трудящихся образуют отдельную категорию привилегированных требований,
за которой признается более высокая очередность, чем за требованиями государства и системы социального обеспечения.
In the great majority of countries, workers and members of the public are not protected
equally from second-hand smoke, such that in many cases some
workers
are still exposed to its toxic effects.
В подавляющем большинстве стран работники и простые граждане не защищены в равной мере от вторичного табачного дыма,
так что во многих случаях некоторые
работники.
Migrant workers’ country of origin was not at all taken into consideration when medical certificates were issued.
Что при оформлении такой медицинской справки страна происхождения трудящихся— мигрантов не учитывается.
Israel is a destination country for migrant workers from Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa.
Израиль является страной назначения для трудящихся— мигрантов из Азии, Восточной Европы и Африки.
Команды секс- работников из 7 стран приняли участие в тренинге по усилению сообщества.
Бахрейн является страной, которая, испытывая нехватку рабочей силы, принимает на работу иностранцев.
Everyone was allowed to enter the country, including migrant workers who did not speak Arabic.
Въезд в страну разрешен всем желающим, включая трудящихся— мигрантов, не говорящих на арабском языке.
No information is
available as to what percentage of the total number expelled from the country were sex workers.
Информация о том, какую долю в общем числе высланных из страны составляли работницы секс- индустрии, отсутствует.
The Syrian Arab Republic has become the world’s most dangerous(and,
Сирийская Арабская Республика стала самой опасной( а в 2012 году-
самой смертоносной) страной в мире для работников средств массовой информации.
In 2013, 28 journalists were killed in the Syrian Arab Republic,
making it the world’s deadliest country for media workers.
В 2013 году в Сирийской Арабской Республике были убиты 28 журналистов,
т. е. эта страна стала самой опасной в мире для работников средств массовой информации.
Although most country reports on sex workers pertain to females,
a growing number of countries(10% in 2012) also provided information on male sex
workers.
Хотя страновые отчетные данные о работниках секс- бизнеса в основном касаются женщин,
растет число стран( 10% в 2012 году), которые показывают информацию о мужчинах, занятых в секс- бизнесе.
With its rapid economic growth, the ROK has transformed itself from a country sending its workers abroad to a country bring in workers from other countries.
В результате своего ускоренного экономического роста Республика Корея превратилась из
страны,
направлявшей своих трудящихся за рубеж, в страну,
в которую едут рабочие из других государств.
The CHAIRPERSON, speaking in his personal capacity, observed that Ecuador was both a
country
of origin and a transit country for migrant workers.
ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛЬ, выступая в личном качестве, напоминает, что Эквадор является для трудящихся— мигрантов одновременно
страной
происхождения и страной транзита.
But first of all, Poland is a workers’ country, and they should let the band stay for the workers’ sake.
Но главное, Польша- это страна рабочих, и они должны оставить оркестр ради
рабочих.
I’m looking for a term in English to describe a person working for the government of a country (for example France).
I found «official» and in particular «government official» in wikipedia., though I’m not 100% sure it’s the term I want. Does this include for example, teachers in public schoools? All kind of workers, even at the lowest level of authority, for example a cleaning guy in a public school?
This question came up because «oficial» (in spanish, my tongue) has some authority attached to it.
k1eran
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asked Oct 6, 2016 at 13:18
12
They are public sector employees (as opposed to private sector employees)
The public sector is the part of the economy concerned with providing various governmental services. The composition of the public sector varies by country, but in most countries the public sector includes such services as the military, police, infrastructure (public roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, etc.), public transit, public education, along with health care and those working for the government itself, such as elected officials. The public sector might provide services that a non-payer cannot be excluded from (such as street lighting), services which benefit all of society rather than just the individual who uses the service.
Businesses and organizations that are not part of the public sector are part of the private sector. The private sector is composed of the business sector, which is intended to earn a profit for the owners of the enterprise, and the voluntary sector, which includes charitable organisations.
— Wikipedia
answered Oct 6, 2016 at 17:25
k1erank1eran
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1
In English, there is no single umbrella term systematically used for workers employed by the government (unlike the word «fonctionnaire» in French or the terms «funcionario» and «funcionario público» in Spanish).
The various terms that may be used are:
- public/civil servant,
- public official,
- senior/minor [government] official,
- state employee,
- government/public worker/employee,
- functionary.
But I am surely forgetting some other expressions.
answered Oct 6, 2016 at 16:29
GraffitoGraffito
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Your feelings about the word ‘official’ are well founded; it has similar implications in American English.
The term I would use is ‘civil servant’ or ‘public servant’. This could be used for anyone from a postal worker to the president, though there are some jobs I am not used to it being associated with, military members being one class. According to Wikipedia these terms only officially refer to national government employees, but I believe colloquial use is much broader.
answered Oct 6, 2016 at 13:28
MathilyMathily
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Here’s some info in the context of India :
In India , a person drawing his salary directly from taxpayer’s money is called Public Servant.
The word Civil Servant
on the other hand carries a Raj era legacy when the country was governed by the Indian Civil Services. Even though the ICS is defunct now, the term Civil Services is reserved for mid to high level bureaucrats and other government officials. For instance, the government conducts civil services exams for recruitment of mid to high level officials and Staff Selection examinations for lower levels in its hierarchy.
So Public Servant is the all-encompassing word for anyone working for the government. A legal definition of the word is here
The word Public Sector
in India has a special meaning. It refers only to various business organisations run by government due to its soft socialist nature. These include a number of petroleum companies , mining companies , banks etc. Their day to day operation is not supposed to be funded by government and in most cases they compete directly with their private counterparts and pay dividends to government. A huge multitude of people working in them are called Public Sector Units (PSU) employees
answered Oct 7, 2016 at 19:21
R.S.R.S.
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The word bureaucrat could fit what you’re looking for.
Google’s definition:
an official in a government department, in particular one perceived as
being concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people’s
needs.
The only caveats however is that bureaucrat often has a negative connotation to it, as mentioned in the definition.
answered Oct 6, 2016 at 22:41
This is surely a regional thing. In Australia Commonwealth and state employees work for the the Australian or state Public Service Commission headed by a commissioner. Terms have changed over time. So we call federal and state employees public servants.
Not all government employees are public servants, postal workers haven’t been since July 1 1976. You wouldn’t call the postman a public servant but an Australia Post employee. Though the may be referred to in stats as a public sector employee.
Local government employees are called council workers or staff.
answered Oct 6, 2016 at 23:05
- guest worker
-
эк. тр.
иностранный рабочий, гастарбайтер
At the core of inequities in any guest-worker programme is the fact that every guest worker is tied to a single employer. — Основной несправедливостью всех программ привлечения иностранных работников является то, что каждый иностранный рабочий привязан к определенному работодателю.
Syn:
See:
Англо-русский экономический словарь.
Смотреть что такое «guest worker» в других словарях:
-
guest worker — ➔ worker * * * guest worker UK US noun [C] GOVERNMENT, LAW ► a person who is allowed by the government of another country to work in that country for a limited period: »In most nations there are limitations on the rights of guest workers … Financial and business terms
-
guest worker — guest .worker n a worker from one country who works in another country for a short time … Dictionary of contemporary English
-
guest worker — guest workers N COUNT A guest worker is a person, especially one from a poor country, who lives and works in a different country for a period … English dictionary
-
guest worker — guest ,worker noun count someone who goes to a foreign country to work for a period of time … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
-
guest worker — ► NOUN ▪ a person with temporary permission to work in another country … English terms dictionary
-
guest worker — n. a person who works temporarily or seasonally in a foreign country, typically in a menial or unskilled occupation … English World dictionary
-
guest worker — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms guest worker : singular guest worker plural guest workers someone who goes to a foreign country to work for a period of time … English dictionary
-
guest worker — noun a person with temporary permission to work in another country a Moroccan guestworker in Canada was accused of aiding terrorists • Syn: ↑guestworker • Hypernyms: ↑workman, ↑workingman, ↑working man, ↑working person * * * nou … Useful english dictionary
-
guest worker — guest′ work er n. bus a foreign worker permitted to work in a country, esp. in Western Europe, on a temporary basis • Etymology: 1965–70; trans. of G Gastarbeiter … From formal English to slang
-
Guest worker program — The Guest worker program is a program that has been proposed many times in the past and now also by U.S. President George W. Bush [ [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/01/20040107 3.html The White House. President Bush Proposes New… … Wikipedia
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guest worker — noun A person with temporary permission to work in another country. Syn: guestworker, migrant worker, foreign worker, gastarbeiter … Wiktionary
Below is a massive list of country words — that is, words related to country. The top 4 are: state, region, republic and nation. You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. The words at the top of the list are the ones most associated with country, and as you go down the relatedness becomes more slight. By default, the words are sorted by relevance/relatedness, but you can also get the most common country terms by using the menu below, and there’s also the option to sort the words alphabetically so you can get country words starting with a particular letter. You can also filter the word list so it only shows words that are also related to another word of your choosing. So for example, you could enter «state» and click «filter», and it’d give you words that are related to country and state.
You can highlight the terms by the frequency with which they occur in the written English language using the menu below. The frequency data is extracted from the English Wikipedia corpus, and updated regularly. If you just care about the words’ direct semantic similarity to country, then there’s probably no need for this.
There are already a bunch of websites on the net that help you find synonyms for various words, but only a handful that help you find related, or even loosely associated words. So although you might see some synonyms of country in the list below, many of the words below will have other relationships with country — you could see a word with the exact opposite meaning in the word list, for example. So it’s the sort of list that would be useful for helping you build a country vocabulary list, or just a general country word list for whatever purpose, but it’s not necessarily going to be useful if you’re looking for words that mean the same thing as country (though it still might be handy for that).
If you’re looking for names related to country (e.g. business names, or pet names), this page might help you come up with ideas. The results below obviously aren’t all going to be applicable for the actual name of your pet/blog/startup/etc., but hopefully they get your mind working and help you see the links between various concepts. If your pet/blog/etc. has something to do with country, then it’s obviously a good idea to use concepts or words to do with country.
If you don’t find what you’re looking for in the list below, or if there’s some sort of bug and it’s not displaying country related words, please send me feedback using this page. Thanks for using the site — I hope it is useful to you! 🐁
That’s about all the country related words we’ve got! I hope this list of country terms was useful to you in some way or another. The words down here at the bottom of the list will be in some way associated with country, but perhaps tenuously (if you’ve currenly got it sorted by relevance, that is). If you have any feedback for the site, please share it here, but please note this is only a hobby project, so I may not be able to make regular updates to the site. Have a nice day! 🐶
The idea for the Describing Words engine came when I was building the engine for Related Words (it’s like a thesaurus, but gives you a much broader set of related words, rather than just synonyms). While playing around with word vectors and the «HasProperty» API of conceptnet, I had a bit of fun trying to get the adjectives which commonly describe a word. Eventually I realised that there’s a much better way of doing this: parse books!
Project Gutenberg was the initial corpus, but the parser got greedier and greedier and I ended up feeding it somewhere around 100 gigabytes of text files — mostly fiction, including many contemporary works. The parser simply looks through each book and pulls out the various descriptions of nouns.
Hopefully it’s more than just a novelty and some people will actually find it useful for their writing and brainstorming, but one neat little thing to try is to compare two nouns which are similar, but different in some significant way — for example, gender is interesting: «woman» versus «man» and «boy» versus «girl». On an inital quick analysis it seems that authors of fiction are at least 4x more likely to describe women (as opposed to men) with beauty-related terms (regarding their weight, features and general attractiveness). In fact, «beautiful» is possibly the most widely used adjective for women in all of the world’s literature, which is quite in line with the general unidimensional representation of women in many other media forms. If anyone wants to do further research into this, let me know and I can give you a lot more data (for example, there are about 25000 different entries for «woman» — too many to show here).
The blueness of the results represents their relative frequency. You can hover over an item for a second and the frequency score should pop up. The «uniqueness» sorting is default, and thanks to my Complicated Algorithm™, it orders them by the adjectives’ uniqueness to that particular noun relative to other nouns (it’s actually pretty simple). As you’d expect, you can click the «Sort By Usage Frequency» button to adjectives by their usage frequency for that noun.
Special thanks to the contributors of the open-source mongodb which was used in this project.
Please note that Describing Words uses third party scripts (such as Google Analytics and advertisements) which use cookies. To learn more, see the privacy policy.