Word for connected minds

In Japanese, there are three words for “heart”: shinzou, which refers to the physical organ, ha-to, which is the Anglicized word for a love heart, and kokoro, which means… well, that’s more difficult to explain.

“Kokoro is well understood in Japanese, but difficult to explain in English,” says Yoshikawa Sakiko, director of Kyoto University’s Kokoro Research Center. Conceptually, it unites the notions of heart, mind, and spirit: It sees these three elements as being indivisible from one other. “For example if we say, ‘She has a good kokoro,’ it means heart and spirit and soul and mind all together.”

One of the problems of discussing kokoro in English is that by linking words—heart and spirit and mind—with “and,” we imply divisions that simply don’t exist in Japanese. But in this Eastern culture, the three aren’t intrinsically linked as one: They are one.

Researchers are beginning to break down conceptual barriers and explore what artists, writers, mystics, and dreamers of many cultures have long acknowledged: the mysterious tie between heart and mind, a.k.a., kokoro. For example, scientists in Japan consider this concept while working on computer simulations, robotics, primatology, and more; it has allowed Japanese researchers to explore and discuss spiritual matters in a way that’s otherwise impossible in an academic environment.

“Are the familiar Western (and some distinctively English) concepts of mind, heart, spirit, will, consciousness, soul…the best way to describe and divide human experience?” asks Paul Swanson, a professor of humanities at Nanzan University in Japan. “Or is a broader and more inclusive concept useful for understanding how humans think and feel?”

Swanson is a permanent fellow at the Nanzan Institute of Religion and Culture (NIRC), which in 1993 began bringing together experts in religion, philosophy, and the sciences. They aim to break down barriers and connect like-minded areas of knowledge that other academics consider distinct, ultimately attempting to understand the ineffable, the mystery of humanness. “Thoughts, feelings, and desires, or will, are all interrelated aspects of what it means to be human, and we would be wise to take all of them, and their interrelationship, into account in order to understand human experience,” he says.

Here are a few examples of what scientists have been able to contemplate through not believing in a separation of body and mind:

The real difference between man and machine

Testuya Sato, director of the Earth Simulator at the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, uses supercomputers to make predictions about natural events like earthquakes and typhoons, as well as global warming. He has thought a lot about kokoro and how it sets human minds apart from computers when it comes to predicting the future of such disasters.

For example, humans use stored memories and various judgment criteria to anticipate what may happen, as compared to methodical, mindless machines. However, people’s predictions are also mired in desires and clouded by expectation—a problem that computers don’t have. But machines also don’t have what people do, an element of chaos or unpredictability that enables us to break patterns and boundaries of all kinds. He explained at a NIRC conference, “The human heart is rich in intuition; it possesses attributes such as illogicality, hunger for novelty, creativity, infinity and openness. Computer simulation is deterministic (closed); it lacks diversity and is an embodiment of dryness. I believe that this is the decisive difference between computers and human beings.”

Giving robots hearts

Hashimoto Suji, director of the Humanoid Robotics Institute at Waseda University, dreams of creating robots with a will to live. He wants them to evolve over generations, reproduce independently, and be able concern themselves with questions of philosophy such as what it means to be, think, and feel—all elements of kokoro. “A robot that will…be able to discuss with us issues such as ‘What is a living being?’ and ‘What is kokoro?’” he said at a NIRC conference.” If in the process a robot rebels and hits me, with my nose bleeding I would probably rejoice in my heart, thinking, ‘Finally, I did it. We’ve almost made it!’ This is because a period of rebellion naturally precedes independence.”

The connection between all primates

Tetsuro Matsuzawa is a primatologist whose work has shown that humans and chimpanzees are genetically very close, with only a 1.3% difference. He has taught chimps to paint and proved that they develop a personal artistic style, which he believes indicates they have a similar spirit to humans. Matsuzawa has compared children and chimp paintings to learn about the origins of drawing in humans, and believes it is possible to study the evolution of the human mind-heart by getting to know chimpanzees’ kokoro.

Buddhist brains

American scientists have also explored the connection between body, mind, and spirit. A 2015 article in The Atlantic, “The Brains of the Buddhists,” highlights the work of neuroscientist Richard Davidson, who studied monk brain activity at the behest of the Dalai Lama. Davidson concluded that compassion activated positive emotion circuitry in the brain and that Buddhist monks were extraordinarily mentally healthy as a result of a cultivated spirit of generosity. “The systems in the brain that support our well-being are intimately connected to different organ systems in our body…compassion is a kind of state that involves the body in a major way,” he said.

But you don’t need to be a specialist to understand the implications of kokoro. In fact, you probably already have a sense of it, even if you had no word for it before. Take a moment to reflect on the interconnectedness of all things, and you’ll feel your heart—the shinzou one—flutter in response.

If you are taking the IELTS Writing Test, it is beneficial to have some key phrases in handy to assist you in getting a high band score. 

Expanding your IELTS Writing vocabulary is a good idea, but it is even more crucial to write naturally and articulately to get the best results. 

Phrases like ‘It can extend a person’s horizon,’ ‘The essence of the debate is, and ‘very debatable’ is now regarded as ‘scripted phrases,’ and using them in your IELTS Writing Test will only result in you losing marks.

To ace the IELTS Writing Test, you will need to use essential words and phrases to convey the points you want to make in an articulate, intelligent, and compelling manner. 

While we do not encourage you to memorize phrases, having a better comprehension of the terms that should be used in an academic writing test will help you build the vocabulary that will quickly improve your marks in the IELTS Writing Test. 

Continue reading and learn the most effective and common phrases in IELTS Writing to give you the band score that will be your ultimate ticket to achieving your dreams of studying, working, or living abroad. 

Top 100 Phrases for IELTS Writing Test


What is the IELTS Writing Task?

The IELTS Writing Test is one of the four sections in the IELTS Test, the other three being Speaking, Listening, and Reading Tests. 

It is different for the IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training modules, but both tests have two tasks to be completed. It lasts about 60 minutes, and you are advised to spend only 20 minutes on the first task because the second task has more weight. 

The first task in the IELTS Academic Writing Test requires you to describe and explain the information given in either a graph, chart, map, table, or diagram. 

On the other hand, Task 1 of the IELTS General Training Writing Test asks you to compose a letter responding to a situation and requesting information and explanation. You should write at least 150 words in IELTS Writing Task 1

Moreover, the second task in the IELTS Academic Writing and IELTS General Training Writing is the same. You need to respond to a point of view, problem, or argument by writing an essay. You need at least 250 words in IELTS Writing Task 2


Linking Structures and Cohesive Devices

The IELTS Writing Task will be marked on the following criteria: grammar and sentence structure, vocabulary utilization, task response, and coherence and cohesion. 

Each contributes 25% to the overall score. Over the years, examiners have been impressed by candidates’ vocabulary and mastery of syntax but frustrated by how incoherently one sentence flows into the next.

Learn how to use linking structures and cohesive devices below:

How to Use Linking Words for IELTS Writing Task 1?

Academic Test:

You can use the different linking words in the IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 for:

  • transitioning from a description of one visual to the next
  • comparing and contrasting the key features of the visuals
  • pointing out and emphasizing details of the visuals 

General Training Test:

You can use the different linking words in the IELTS General Training Writing Task 1 for:

  • describing the problem or situation 
  • transitioning from one viewpoint to the next
  • explaining your requests

How to Use Linking Words for IELTS Writing Task 2?

Academic and General Training:

You can use the different linking words in the IELTS Writing Task 2 for:

  • presenting your opinion
  • transitioning from one paragraph to the next
  • providing reasons
  • giving examples
  • explaining conditions and consequences of different scenarios 

Connecting Words for Both IELTS Tasks

To get higher marks in the IELTS Writing Test, more linking words are required. To achieve coherence and cohesion, you must employ a variety of phrases to connect one thought to the next, allowing the reader to follow your reasoning. 

Here are the most effective and common phrases in the IELTS Writing Test:

Transitional Words

Addition

  • Likewise…
  • In addition…
  • Moreover…
  • Furthermore…
  • Additionally…
  • On top of that…

Cause and effect

  • Therefore…
  • As a result…
  • Accordingly…
  • Consequently…
  • On that account…
  • For that reason…

Comparison/Contrast

  • However…
  • In contrast…
  • Meanwhile…
  • Alternatively…
  • Nevertheless…
  • On the other hand…

Conclusion

  • Finally…
  • In the end…
  • To sum up… 
  • To conclude…
  • To summarize…
  • In conclusion…

Condition

  • If…
  • Unless…
  • As long as…
  • Provided that…
  • Supposing that…
  • On the condition that…

Emphasis

  • Clearly…
  • Especially…
  • In particular…
  • Particularly…
  • Importantly…
  • Without a doubt…

Listing

  • …,such as…
  • To illustrate…
  • For instance…
  • For example…
  • The best example is…
  • A very good example is…

Opinion 

  • I concur that…
  • I agree that….
  • I think/feel/believe that…
  • Personally, I feel that…
  • As far as I am concerned…
  • From my point of view…

Concession

  • Although…
  • Despite…
  • In spite of…
  • Although…
  • Admittedly…
  • Even though…

Order

  • First of all…
  • To start with…
  • Secondly…
  • Next…
  • Thirdly/fourthly/etc…
  • Finally…

Vocabulary to Use in Writing Task 1

Academic Test:  Vocabulary to Describe Graphs

Introducing the graph

The graph/table/pie chart/bar chart/diagram…

  • shows …
  • illustrates …
  • explains why …
  • describes …
  • gives information about/on …
  • provides information about/on …

Changes in the graph

  • a rise of…
  • a growth of…
  • a peak of…
  • a surge of…
  • a fall in…
  • a decrease in…
  • a decline in…
  • a dip in…
  • a fluctuation in…
  • a variation in…

Verbs

  • surge
  • grow
  • leap
  • rocket
  • soar
  • dive
  • plunge
  • plummet
  • fluctuate
  • vary

Adverbs

  • gently
  • wildly
  • rapidly
  • slightly
  • sharply
  • suddenly
  • abruptly
  • gradually
  • steadily
  • markedly
  • modestly
  • marginally
  • dramatically
  • significantly
  • considerably

  • sharp
  • sudden
  • rapid
  • abrupt
  • dramatic
  • steep
  • significant
  • considerable
  • marked
  • substantial
  • gradual
  • steady
  • consistent
  • modest
  • marginal

General Training Test: Vocabulary to Write Letters

1. Introduction of the Letter

Formal

  • I am writing to inform you that …
  • I am writing to ask/inquire …
  • I am writing with regard to …
  • I am writing in connection with …
  • I am writing with reference to …

Informal

  • It’s been a long time. I am writing to…
  • I’m simply writing to inform you that…
  • I haven’t seen you in a long time.
  • Please accept my apologies for not writing in such a long time. I’ve been quite busy…

2. Body of the Letter

Asking for Information

  • I’d like for you to…
  • Could let me know if…
  • I’d appreciate it if you could…
  • I’m hoping you could inform me…
  • I’d like to seek your opinion on…

Complaining

  • This letter is to express my dissatisfaction…
  • I’m writing to express my displeasure with…
  • I’m writing to voice my disappointment with…
  • I’m writing to tell you that I am disappointed… 

Expressing Gratitude

  • I am thankful for…
  • I’m very grateful for…
  • I very much appreciated…
  • I’d like to thank you very much for…

Apologizing

  • I really regret that/about…
  • Please accept my apologies for…
  • I’d like to express my regret for…
  • Please accept my sincere apologies for…

Giving Advice

  • You should…
  • You ought to…
  • Why don’t you…
  • If I were you, I’d…

Giving Suggestion

  • If you like, I can…
  • Do you want me to…
  • What do you think about…
  • I believe it would be fantastic if you…

3. Closing of the Letter

Formal

  • I eagerly await your response.
  • Thank you so much for your assistance.
  • Thank you so much for taking the time to read this.
  • I’m hoping for a quick resolution to the matter.
  • Please do not hesitate to call me if you need any additional information.

Informal

  • Please stay in contact!
  • I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
  • Thanks a lot for your assistance, send me a message soon.
  • Anyway, I have to leave now. If you need additional details, please write again.

Vocabulary to Use in IELTS Writing Task 2 (Both Academic and General Training)

Vocabulary to Write Essays

Expressing Opinions

  • I’d argue that… 
  • In my opinion…
  • Personally, I believe…
  • It appears to me that… 
  • I have to admit that…
  • As far as I can tell…
  • As for me, I believe…
  • That is something I cannot deny…
  • I’d like to emphasize that…
  • In my personal experience…

Proving Arguments

  • To attest…
  • To prove…
  • This is testified by…
  • This is evidenced by…
  • This establishes that…
  • This is attested/proven by…

Expressing General Point of View

  • It is commonly stated that…
  • According to popular belief…
  • It is commonly assumed that…
  • It is generally assumed that…
  • It is largely agreed upon that…
  • It’s a widely held assumption that…

Outlining Facts

  • It is evident that …
  • The truth is that …
  • It is obvious that …
  • This shows that …
  • There is no doubt that …

Giving Examples

  • As an example…
  • Take for instance…
  • We can see this in…
  • A good illustration of this is…
  • Evidence for this is manifested in…

Concluding

  • To summarize… 
  • In conclusion… 
  • In general…
  • On balance… 
  • Taking everything into account…

Additional Reading: IELTS Grammar


IELTS Writing Sample Responses

The IELTS Writing Test is by no means easy. Most candidates would agree that this part of the test made them anxious. 

To impress the examiners and get a high band score, it is advised that you read and study different sample and model responses and learn the different writing techniques to help you achieve your desired band score. 

Here are some of them. Take note of the transition words and vocabulary used. 

Example 1:

Country Food and Drink Housing Clothing Entertainment
France 25% 30% 7% 13%
Germany 22% 33% 15% 19%
UK 27% 37% 11% 11%
Turkey 36% 20% 12% 10%
Spain 31% 18% 8% 15%
Sample Response:  

"The table depicts the amount of monthly household income spent on four products in five European nations. The percentages were used to calibrate the data.  Housing is clearly the top expense item for France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, since they each spend around one third of their income on it, at 30%, 33%, and 37%, respectively. 

They, on the other hand, spend about a quarter of their income on food and drink. Surprisingly, Turkey and Spain follow the exact opposite pattern, spending a fifth of their income on housing but one-third on food and drink.  

Furthermore, clothing and entertainment are two areas where all five countries spend significantly less. In terms of clothing, France and Spain spend the least, at less than 10%. The other three countries, however, spend almost the same amount, ranging between 12% and 15%. At 19%, Germany spends one fifth of its budget on entertainment. The UK and Turkey, moreover, spend roughly half of this amount.   

Overall, the bulk of each country's money is spent on food and drink, as well as housing. Clothing and entertainment were far less expensive."

Example 2:

Topic:

You were supposed to start a new job next week, but you won’t be able to because of certain issues. Send a letter to your new boss. In your letter, 

  • give an explanation of your circumstances
  • state your issues
  • inform him/her when you think you’ll be able to begin.
Sample Response:

Dear Ms Smith, 

I am writing with regards to the position of Assistant Office Manager that I am supposed to start next week. However, an unfortunate incident has arisen. 

Like I said during the interview, I am currently working at my aunt's company, where I gained significant experience. However, she had been hospitalized, so my uncle is now taking charge of the business. She has asked me to stay a little longer and help him with the business operations because this is an especially hectic time of year. 

I do understand that this will not be convenient for you, but I genuinely hope that, given the situation, you will be willing to let me start with you three weeks later than what we have agreed upon. 

I would like you to know that I remain very keen to work with you, and that I will be obtaining further useful knowledge and skills during this time. 

I look forward to hearing from you. 

Sincerely, 

Nathan Dills

Example 3:

Topic:

How much do you agree or disagree with the claim that e-books and modern technology will completely replace conventional newspapers and magazines?

Sample Response:   

"Technology is advancing at a breakneck pace, opening up new doors for us while keeping us informed about the latest news and events. As a result, many people believe that traditional newspaper reading will become obsolete. I disagree since the easiest and cheapest way to obtain news is through a traditional newspaper.  

To begin, there are a variety of reasons why traditional news gathering methods remain popular. First, many people have developed a strong desire to read the newspaper. Everyone, whether affluent or middle class, can be seen eagerly anticipating the arrival of the newspaper in the morning and reading it with a cup of tea. 

Furthermore, these are the most portable, least expensive, and simplest ways of staying informed about global events. It may be taken from one location to another in a bag and is reasonably priced. It's quite useful, and simply flipping through the pages can make you omniscient. Second, there is no need for power or other equipment. 

Furthermore, the additional accessories are frosting on the cake. The Hindustan Times, for example, has a variety of articles such as women's fashion, job advice, culinary art, and so on. 

However, technology has surely changed the way we read news. For example, videos provide a full and clear view of what we're reading, and we can also save, share, and forward it to our family and friends. Technophobia, it goes without saying, will have no place in an ever-advanced modern society. 

To summarize, improved versions of technology have a significant impact on people's lives, but they will not, in my opinion, be able to threaten the existence of conventional newspapers and periodicals."

Example 4: 

Topic:

Some argue that children should be educated to compete, while others argue that they should be taught to cooperate. What are your thoughts on the matter?

Sample Response: 

"Children are society's future, and they must be instilled with true life values. As a result, there are those who believe that a competitive spirit should be instilled in them, while others believe that cooperative qualities must be possessed. Before forming a judgment, I shall discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each view. 

Firstly, there are numerous reasons why children should have competitive ideals. Competition encourages young people to work harder in order to advance in their studies and other endeavors. They begin to work hard in order to compete with others and learn the value of perseverance. They are able to achieve first place in every competition because of their dedication and hard work. Second, competitive values instill in children self-confidence and self-reliance. They are highly likely to have self-achievement and fulfillment when they join in activities and compete with others. They believe they are deserving of a calm and peaceful mind. They tend to become self-sufficient, and as a result, they have the best decision-making abilities. Furthermore, a sense of accomplishment is a requirement. Without a doubt, people in the current period confront rivalry from infancy to adulthood. For example, in school there is a dance competition, a race competition, a poem competition, and as they get older, they face competition in finding a job, applying for college, and even completing an exam. As a result, a value is essential. 

On the other hand, it is obvious how critical it is to instill the value of cooperation. This is the only way a youngster may learn teamwork, team spirit, coexistence, tolerance, and patience through their feelings. Furthermore, when looking at history, it is clear that the well-known icons of society are only those that have a helpful and sacrificing mentality. A self-centered person will never achieve fame in society. Second, constant competitiveness preaching may develop feelings of rivalry among peers and others. These feelings of rivalry quickly evolve into jealousy and personal grudges. A heart filled with resentment towards others can never be good for themselves or others. 

To sum up, after weighing both competitive and cooperative values, I believe that each has its own significance. As a result, a child should be raised by evenly imparting both."

IELTS Academic Writing Test : Word Lists

The IELTS Writing Test requires an extensive vocabulary. Having a diverse vocabulary is one of the secrets to writing an effective essay. However, it is not enough to memorize the words; you also need to know how to use them in your writing.

We have listed a set of word lists to help you with your IELTS Writing Test.

Do not be worried if you will not memorize all the word lists: quality trumps quantity! It is far preferable to learn 1 word-lists well rather than 5 word-lists poorly.

Word List 1

Words 1 to 10 Words 11 to 20 Words 21 to 30 Words 31 to 40 Words 41 to 50
  • abandon
  • abstract
  • academy
  • access
  • accommodate
  • accompany
  • accumulate
  • accurate
  • achieve
  • acknowledge
  • available
  • aware
  • behalf
  • benefit
  • bias
  • bond
  • brief
  • bulk
  • capable
  • capacity
  • circumstance
  • cite
  • civil
  • clarify
  • classic
  • clause
  • code
  • coherent
  • coincide
  • collapse
  • data
  • debate
  • decline
  • deduce
  • define
  • definite
  • demonstrate
  • denote
  • deny
  • derive
  • economy
  • edit
  • element
  • eliminate
  • emerge
  • emphasis
  • empirical
  • enable
  • encounter
  • energy
Words 51 to 60 Words 61 to 70 Words 71 to 80 Words 81 to 90 Words 91 to 100
  • expose
  • external
  • extract
  • facilitate
  • factor
  • feature
  • federal
  • fee
  • file
  • final
  • generation
  • globe
  • goal
  • grade
  • grant
  • guarantee
  • guideline
  • hence
  • hierarchy
  • highlight
  • invoke
  • involve
  • isolate
  • issue
  • item
  • job
  • journal
  • justify
  • label
  • labor
  • locate
  • logic
  • maintain
  • major
  • manipulate
  • manual
  • margin
  • mature
  • maximize
  • mechanism
  • normal
  • notion
  • notwithstanding 
  • nuclear
  • objective
  • obtain
  • obvious
  • occupy
  • occur
  • odd

Word List 2

Words 1 to 10 Words 11 to 20 Words 21 to 30 Words 31 to 40 Words 41 to 50
  • acquire
  • adapt
  • adequate
  • adjacent
  • adjust
  • administrate
  • adult
  • advocate
  • affect
  • aggregate
  • colleague
  • commence
  • comment
  • commission
  • commit
  • commodity
  • communicate
  • community
  • compatible
  • compensate

  • design
  • despite
  • detect
  • deviate
  • device
  • devote
  • differentiate
  • dimension
  • diminish
  • discriminate
  • enforce
  • enhance
  • enormous
  • ensure
  • entity
  • environment
  • equate
  • equip
  • equivalent
  • erode
  • finance
  • finite
  • flexible
  • fluctuate
  • focus
  • format
  • formula
  • forthcoming
  • found
  • foundation
Words 51 to 60 Words 61 to 70 Words 71 to 80 Words 81 to 90 Words 91 to 100
  • hypothesis  
  • identical
  • identify
  • ideology
  • ignorant
  • illustrate
  • image
  • immigrate
  • impact
  • implement
  • layer
  • lecture
  • legal
  • legislate
  • levy
  • liberal
  • license
  • likewise
  • link
  • limit
  • media
  • mediate
  • medical
  • medium  
  • mental
  • method
  • migrate
  • military  
  • minimal
  • minimize
  • offset
  • ongoing
  • option
  • orient
  • outcome
  • output
  • overall  
  • overlap
  • overseas
  • panel
  • prohibit
  • project
  • promote
  • proportion
  • prospect
  • protocol
  • psychology
  • publication
  • publish
  • purchase

Word List 3

Words 1 to 10 Words 11 to 20 Words 21 to 30 Words 31 to 40 Words 41 to 50
  • aid
  • albeit  
  • allocate
  • alter
  • ambiguous
  • amend
  • analogy
  • analyze
  • annual
  • anticipate
  • concept
  • conclude
  • concurrent
  • conduct
  • confer
  • confine
  • confirm
  • conflict
  • conform
  • consent
  • displace
  • display
  • dispose
  • distinct
  • distort
  • distribute
  • diverse
  • document
  • domain
  • domestic
  • error
  • establish
  • estate
  • estimate
  • ethic
  • ethnic
  • evaluate
  • eventual
  • evident
  • evolve
  • framework
  • function
  • fund
  • fundamental
  • furthermore  
  • gender
  • generate
  • gestate
  • gradual
  • gratitude
Words 51 to 60 Words 61 to 70 Words 71 to 80 Words 81 to 90 Words 91 to 100
  • implicate
  • implicit
  • imply
  • impose
  • incentive
  • incidence
  • incline
  • income
  • incorporate
  • index
  • minimum
  • ministry
  • minor
  • mode
  • modify
  • monitor
  • motive
  • mutual
  • negate
  • network
  • paradigm
  • paragraph
  • parallel
  • parameter
  • participate
  • partner
  • passive
  • perceive
  • percent
  • period
  • positive
  • potential
  • practitioner
  • precede
  • precise
  • predict
  • predominant
  • predominates
  • preliminary
  • presume
  • pursue
  • qualitative
  • quote
  • radical
  • random
  • range
  • ratio
  • rational
  • react
  • recover

Word List 4

Words 1 to 10 Words 11 to 20 Words 21 to 30 Words 31 to 40 Words 41 to 50
  • apparent
  • append
  • appreciate
  • approach
  • appropriate
  • approximate
  • arbitrary
  • area
  • aspect
  • assemble
  • cooperate
  • coordinate
  • core
  • corporate
  • correspond
  • creator
  • credit
  • criteria
  • crucial
  • culture
  • devote
  • differentiation
  • diminish
  • displacement
  • display
  • distinction
  • distorted
  • dramatic
  • duration
  • ethical
  • economic
  • element
  • environment
  • error
  • equation
  • establish
  • estimate
  • evaluation
  • eventually
  • evidence
  • exhibit
  • explicit
  • exploitation
  • extract
  • federal
  • fluctuations
  • format
  • founded
  • guidelines
  • highlighted
Words 51 to 60 Words 61 to 70 Words 71 to 80 Words 81 to 90 Words 91 to 100
  • indicate
  • individual
  • induce
  • inevitable
  • infer
  • infrastructure
  • inherent
  • inhibit
  • initial
  • initiate
  • neutral
  • neighbor
  • niche
  • nibble
  • nowhere
  • obtain
  • obsolete 
  • occasion
  • opportunity
  • opaque
  • persist
  • perspective
  • phase
  • phenomenon
  • philosophy
  • physical
  • plus
  • policy
  • portion
  • pose
  • previous
  • primary
  • prime
  • principal
  • principle
  • prior
  • priority
  • proceed
  • process
  • professional
  • refine
  • regime
  • region
  • register
  • regulate
  • reinforce
  • reject
  • relax
  • release
  • relevant


Commonly Confused Words in the English Language

English is a complicated language. Some words look the same, and some sound the same.

Recognizing the difference between these similar words could be tricky. 

We want to help you succeed on your IELTS journey, so we are providing you with some of the most commonly confused words in the English language. Pay close attention to these words and avoid the past mistakes most candidates have committed. 

Affect vs. Effect

Affect

Meaning: To have an influence or effect on something/someone

Example Sentence:

Not winning the competition did not affect her as much as I thought it would.” 

Effect

Meaning: To cause something to happen

Example Sentence:

“The effect of her medications on her illness was surprisingly quick.”

Loose vs. Lose

Loose

Meaning: Not fitting tightly or closely

Example Sentence:

“The dress she is wearing is obviously loose on her.”

Lose

Meaning: (1) To fail to win or

(2) to misplace something

Example Sentence:

(1) “I hate losing at chess against my sister.”
(2) “He lost his keys at the party last night.”

Lay vs. Lie

Lay

Meaning: To put down gently or carefully

Example Sentence:

“She laid her bracelet on the study.”

Lie

Meaning: To assume a horizontal position on a resting surface

Example Sentence:

“He lies down on the bed and takes a nap.”

Accept vs. Except

Accept

Meaning: To consent to receive

Example Sentence:

“She accepted the award graciously.”

Except

Meaning: Not included

Example Sentence:

“They go to the park every day except on Sundays.” 

Complement vs. Compliment

Complement

Meaning: Something that fills up, completes, or makes better

Example Sentence:

“Her scarf is a complete complement to her outfit.”

Compliment

Meaning: A polite expression of praise

Example Sentence:

“I was surprised by how he reacted over a small compliment.”

Farther vs. Further

Farther

Meaning: Over a large expanse of physical distance

Example Sentence:

“The black car is farther away than the white car.” 

Further

Meaning: Over a large expanse figurative distance

Example Sentence:

“The newly-hired employee asked further questions from the manager.”

Passed vs. Past

Passed

Meaning: Simple past tense of ‘pass’

Example Sentence:

“She passed her exams in flying colors.”

Past

Meaning: Gone by in time and no longer existing

Example Sentence:

“She has to move forward and leave the past behind her.”

Elicit vs. Illicit

Elicit

Meaning: Draw out a response from someone

Example Sentence:

“I was not able to elicit any response from him.”

Illicit

Meaning: Forbidden by law

Example Sentence:

“I have advised him to stop the use of illicit drugs.”

Any way vs. Anyway

Any way

Meaning: A phrase that means in any manner or method

Example Sentence:

“Any way you suggest is fine, as long as we reach the venue in half an hour.” 

Anyway

Meaning: Used to confirm an idea just mentioned 

Example Sentence:

“It’s fine, I don’t mind. It’s my fault anyway.”

Than vs. Then

Than

Meaning: Used before the second element in a comparison 

Example Sentence:

“The weather yesterday was warmer than today’s.”

Then

Meaning: An adverb indicating time or sequence.

Example Sentence:

“We went to the park, then ate at our favorite restaurant.”

Its vs. It’s

Its

Meaning: Belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned

Example Sentence:

“The milk is past its expiration date.”

It’s

Meaning: Contraction of ‘it is’

Example Sentence:

“It’s raining outside, bring an umbrella.”

Their vs. There vs. They’re

Their

Meaning: Belonging to or associated with people or things previously mentioned 

Example Sentence:

“The tourists left their shoes outside the temple.”

There

Meaning: An adverb of place (in, at, to)

Example Sentence:

“We went to Singapore and stayed there for a week.”

They’re

Meaning: Contraction of ‘they are’

Example Sentence:

“They’re planning a surprise party for their parents.”

Your vs. You’re

Your

Meaning: Belonging to or associated with the person or people the speaker is talking to

Example Sentence:

“Your dress looks lovely.”

You’re 

Meaning: Contraction of ‘you are’

Example Sentence:

“You’re chosen to represent the class in the competition next week.”

Who vs. Whom

Who

Meaning: A pronoun used as a subject refers to a person or people

Example Sentence:

“Who is the richest man in the world?”

Whom

Meaning:  A pronoun used as an object referring to a person or people

Example Sentence:

“Whom did he marry?”

That vs. Which

That

Meaning: Used when the phrase after it is essential in the sentence

Example Sentence:

“Products that do not pass the standards are not sold to consumers.”

Which

Meaning: Used when the phrase after it is not essential in the sentence

Example Sentence:

“The homeless cat, which a stranger adopted, turned out to be my neighbor's lost pet."           

To vs. Too

To

Example Sentence:

“I go to the supermarket every week.”

Too

Meaning: An adverb that means in addition or also

Example Sentence:

“I love apples and grapes too.”


Tricks to Learn and Remember English Vocabulary

You will not get very far with your language skills, no matter how brilliant your grammar is if you do not know any words to use it with. Vocabulary brings up new worlds while also making studying enjoyable and rewarding.

However, extending your vocabulary is like going on a diet. You need to exert effort, and there is no magic trick, no secret, and no one-size-fits-all method for doing so. You must identify what works best for you. Nevertheless, being patient, setting reasonable objectives, and rewarding yourself when you achieve them are sound strategies that can be supplemented with the following suggestions.

  • Make Use of Memory Tricks: Mnemonics are mental shortcuts that will help you remember more complicated concepts or words. It is a popular approach to memorizing a language. You can make associations between words. For example, when you need to buy Spaghetti, Tomatoes, Olives, Rice, and Eggs from the STORE. Furthermore, the more you think about acronyms or associations, the better you will remember the phrases that go with them.
  • Create an Environment Conducive to Learning: When you study abroad, you will hear and read the language everywhere, allowing you to acquire the language far more quickly through immersion. Luckily, you do not need to travel overseas to enhance your vocabulary gradually. You may create an inspirational and study-friendly environment wherever you are. Purchase publications or books in the new language, watch movies and prepare (or simply eat) local cuisine.
  • Make Use of a Notebook: Writing new words in a tangible notebook has a romantic quality to it. Just add a new word to a running vocabulary list when you come across a new word that you do not recognize. Then, a few times a week, go over the list, obliterating the English definitions and attempting to recall what each term meant. The more you read through the notebook, the easier it will be to recall the words. You can eventually cross off the words you know, so you do not have to go over them again.
  • Put the Words in Their Proper Context: Putting words in context is a fantastic way to learn more vocabulary faster. Consider putting them together in phrases rather than composing lists of random words. That way, you will understand how the word is utilized in everyday situations. It will also be easier to remember if you come up with entertaining sentences. You can also generate drawings or discover visuals that will complement the sentences and place the words in their natural home, depending on how you learn.
  • Take it a Step Further: Allow adequate space for mind maps with connected words, synonyms, and antonyms if you want to take your learning a step higher. If you’re going to make the most of your learning, try explaining and describing the word in English rather than translating it into your original tongue.
  • Put in The Effort: The most crucial thing you will need to recall English words is the appropriate attitude and the willingness to put in the effort. However, there is no such thing as a magical system. None of the approaches listed above are “correct” or “incorrect.” Find something that works for you and utilize it regularly. Experiment with a few to find which produces the greatest results.

Additional Reading: How to Improve Your English Speaking Skills


Additional FAQs on IELTS Writing Test

Is it Okay to Write 400 Words in IELTS Writing?

Candidates should write words that are slightly above the word limit. That is 170 – 190 words in the IELTS Writing Task 1 and 270 – 290 words in the IELTS Writing Task 2.

However, note that there is no word limit, and you will not lose marks for exceeding the word limit.

Keep in mind that the examiners will mark your IELTS Writing not based on the number of words you write but on the quality of your work. 

Is a 7 in IELTS Writing Good?

Yes, a band score of 7 in the IELTS Writing Test is good. It means that you are a ‘good user’ and that you have impressed the examiner enough to give you a 7.

Most candidates have not been able to achieve this as the IELTS Writing Test is arguably the most challenging.

So if you get a 7 (or higher) band score, be proud.

How is the IELTS Writing Marked?

The examiner will focus on four primary areas: 

(1) how you were able to answer the question well; 
(2) how well you connect an idea to the text; 
(3) your vocabulary range and accuracy; and 
(4) your grammatical forms range and accuracy. Each criterion contributes 25 percent of your overall marks in the IELTS Writing Test. 

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60 цитат на английском для развития эрудиции и пополнения словарного запаса

Всем нам время от времени бывает сложно оставаться позитивными, ведь жизнь — непростая штука. Если вы никак не можете увидеть стакан наполовину полным, чтение вдохновляющих цитат о жизни может вытащить вас из пучин уныния. Эти 60 цитат на английском помогут вам увидеть потрясающие возможности, которые предлагает жизнь.

Об успехе

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1. «Success is the child of audacity». (Benjamin Disraeli)

«Успех — дитя смелости». (Бенджамин Дизраэли)

2. «Success is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration». (Thomas Edison)

Успех — это один процент вдохновения и девяносто девять процентов пота.

Томас Эдисон

изобретатель

3. «Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm». (Winston Churchill)

«Успех — это умение двигаться от неудачи к неудаче, не теряя энтузиазма». (Уинстон Черчилль)

4. «You miss 100% of the shots you don’t take». (Wayne Gretzky)

«Вы промахнётесь 100 раз из 100 бросков, которые так и не сделаете». (Уэйн Гретцки)

Уэйн Гретцки — выдающийся канадский хоккеист, один из самых известных спортсменов XX века.

5. «It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change». (Charles Darwin)

«Выживает не самый сильный и не самый умный, а тот, кто лучше всех приспосабливается к изменениям». (Чарльз Дарвин)

6. «Build your own dreams, or someone else will hire you to build theirs». (Farrah Gray)

Воплощайте собственные мечты, или кто-то другой наймёт вас, чтобы воплощать свои.

Фаррах Грей

американский бизнесмен, филантроп и писатель

7. «The will to win, the desire to succeed, the urge to reach your full potential… these are the keys that will unlock the door to personal excellence». (Confucius)

«Воля к победе, желание добиться успеха, стремление полностью раскрыть свои возможности… вот те ключи, которые откроют дверь к личному совершенству». (Конфуций)

8. «Fall seven times and stand up eight». (Japanese Proverb)

«Упади семь раз, поднимись восемь». (Японская пословица)

9. «There are no shortcuts to any place worth going». (Helen Keller)

«К достойной цели нет коротких путей». (Хелен Келлер)

Хелен Келлер — американская писательница, лектор и политическая активистка.

10. «Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success». (Herman Cain)

«Успех — не ключ к счастью. Это счастье — ключ к успеху». (Герман Кейн)

Герман Кейн — американский бизнесмен и политик-республиканец.

О личности

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1. «The mind is everything. What you think you become». Buddha

«Ум — это всё. Что вы думаете, тем вы становитесь». (Будда)

2. «We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light». (Plato)

«Можно с лёгкостью простить ребёнка, который боится темноты. Настоящая трагедия жизни — когда взрослые люди боятся света». (Платон)

3. «When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. That’s my religion». (Abraham Lincoln)

«Когда я делаю добро, я чувствую себя хорошо. Когда я поступаю плохо, я чувствую себя плохо. Вот моя религия». (Авраам Линкольн)

4. «Be soft. Do not let the world make you hard. Do not let pain make you hate. Do not let the bitterness steal your sweetness. Take pride that even though the rest of the world may disagree, you still believe it to be a beautiful place». (Kurt Vonnegut)

«Будь мягким. Не позволяй миру ожесточить тебя. Не дай боли заставить тебя ненавидеть. Не допусти, чтобы горечь украла твою сладость. Гордись тем, что, пусть даже мир с тобой не согласен, ты всё равно считаешь его прекрасным местом». (Курт Воннегут)

5. «I am not a product of my circumstances. I am a product of my decisions». (Stephen Covey)

Я не продукт моих обстоятельств. Я продукт моих решений.

Стивен Кови

американский консультант по вопросам руководства и управления жизнью, преподаватель

6. «Remember no one can make you feel inferior without your consent». (Eleanor Roosevelt)

«Помните: никто не может заставить вас почувствовать себя униженным без вашего согласия». (Элеонора Рузвельт)

7. «It’s not the years in your life that count. It’s the life in your years». (Abraham Lincoln)

«Имеет значение не количество прожитых лет, а качество вашей жизни в эти годы». (Авраам Линкольн)

8. «Either write something worth reading or do something worth writing». (Benjamin Franklin)

«Или напишите то, что стоит прочитать, или сделайте то, о чём стоит написать». (Бенджамин Франклин)

9. «There are people who have money and people who are rich». (Coco Chanel)

«Есть люди, у которых есть деньги, и есть богатые люди». (Коко Шанель)

10. «The most important kind of freedom is to be what you really are. You trade in your reality for a role. You trade in your sense for an act. You give up your ability to feel, and in exchange, put on a mask. There can’t be any large-scale revolution until there’s a personal revolution, on an individual level. It’s got to happen inside first». (Jim Morrison)

«Самая главная свобода — свобода быть собой. Ты обмениваешь свою реальность на роль, обмениваешь здравый смысл на спектакль. Ты отказываешься чувствовать и взамен надеваешь маску. Никакая масштабная революция невозможна без персональной революции, революции на уровне личности. Она должна сначала произойти внутри». (Джим Моррисон)

О жизни

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1. «You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough». (Mae West)

«Мы живём один раз, но если правильно распорядиться жизнью, то и одного раза достаточно». (Мэй Уэст)

Мэй Уэст — американская актриса, драматург, сценарист и секс-символ, одна из самых скандальных звёзд своего времени.

2. «Happiness lies in good health and a bad memory». (Ingrid Bergman)

«Счастье — это хорошее здоровье и плохая память». (Ингрид Бергман)

3. «Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life». (Steve Jobs)

«Ваше время ограничено, так что не теряйте его, проживая чью-то чужую жизнь». (Стив Джобс)

4. «The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why». (Mark Twain)

Два самых важных дня в вашей жизни: день, когда вы родились, и день, когда поняли зачем.

Марк Твен

писатель

5. «If you look at what you have in life, you’ll always have more. If you look at what you don’t have in life, you’ll never have enough». (Oprah Winfrey)

«Если вы будете смотреть на то, что у вас уже есть в жизни, вы приобретёте ещё больше. Если вы будете смотреть на то, чего у вас нет, вам всегда будет чего-то не хватать». (Опра Уинфри)

6. «Life is 10% what happens to me and 90% of how I react to it». (Charles Swindoll)

«Жизнь на 10% состоит из того, что происходит со мной, и на 90% из того, как я на это реагирую». (Чарльз Свиндолл)

Чарльз Свиндолл — христианский пастор, радиопроповедник и писатель.

7. «Nothing is impossible, the word itself says, I’m possible!» (Audrey Hepburn)

«Нет ничего невозможного. В самом этом слове заключена возможность*!» (Одри Хепбёрн)

* Английское слово impossible («невозможно») можно записать как I’m possible (буквально «я возможно»).

8. «Always dream and shoot higher than you know you can do. Do not bother just to be better than your contemporaries or predecessors. Try to be better than yourself». (William Faulkner)

Всегда мечтайте и стремитесь превысить предел ваших возможностей. Не ставьте целью быть лучше, чем ваши современники или предшественники. Стремитесь быть лучше самих себя.

Уильям Фолкнер

писатель

9. «When I was 5 years old, my mother always told me that happiness was the key to life. When I went to school, they asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up. I wrote down ‘happy’. They told me I didn’t understand the assignment, and I told them they didn’t understand life». (John Lennon)

«Когда мне было пять лет, мама всегда говорила, что счастье — главное в жизни. Когда я пошёл в школу, меня спросили, кем я хочу быть, когда вырасту. Я написал: „Счастливым человеком“. Тогда мне сказали, что я не понял вопроса, а я ответил, что они не понимают жизни». (Джон Леннон)

10. «Don’t cry because it’s over, smile because it happened». (Dr. Seuss)

«Не плачь, потому что это закончилось, улыбнись, потому что это было». (Доктор Сьюз)

Доктор Сьюз — американский детский писатель и мультипликатор.

О любви

Nathan Walker/unsplash.com

1. «You yourself, as much as anybody in the entire universe, deserve your love and affection». (Buddha)

«Вы сами, не меньше чем кто-либо другой во Вселенной, заслуживаете своей любви». (Будда)

2. «Love is an irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired». (Robert Frost)

«Любовь — это непреодолимое желание быть непреодолимо желанным». (Роберт Фрост)

3. «The very essence of romance is uncertainty». (Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest and Other Plays)

«Вся суть романтических отношений — в неопределенности». (Оскар Уайльд, «„Как важно быть серьёзным“ и другие пьесы»)

4. «It was love at first sight, at last sight, at ever and ever sight». (Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita)

«Это была любовь с первого взгляда, с последнего взгляда, с извечного взгляда». (Владимир Набоков, «Лолита»)

5. «You know you’re in love when you can’t fall asleep because reality is finally better than your dreams». (Dr. Seuss)

«Вы понимаете, что влюблены, когда не можете заснуть, потому что реальность наконец-то прекраснее ваших снов». (Доктор Сьюз)

6. «True love is rare, and it’s the only thing that gives life real meaning». (Nicholas Sparks, Message in a Bottle)

«Истинная любовь встречается редко, и только она придаёт жизни подлинный смысл». (Николас Спаркс, «Послание в бутылке»)

Николас Спаркс — известный американский писатель.

7. «When love is not madness it is not love». (Pedro Calderón de la Barca)

Если любовь не безумна, то это не любовь.

Педро Кальдерон де ла Барка

испанский драматург и поэт

8. «And he took her in his arms and kissed her under the sunlit sky, and he cared not that they stood high upon the walls in the sight of many». (J. R. R. Tolkien)

«И он обнял её и поцеловал под залитым солнцем небом, и он не заботился о том, что они стоят высоко на стене под взглядами толпы». (Дж. Р. Р. Толкиен)

9. «Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none». (William Shakespeare, All’s Well That Ends Well)

«Люби всех, доверяй избранным и никому не делай зла». (Уильям Шекспир, «Всё хорошо, что хорошо кончается»)

10. «Never compare your love story with those in the movies, because they are written by scriptwriters. Yours is written by God». (Unknown)

«Никогда не сравнивайте свою историю любви с кинофильмами. Их придумали сценаристы, вашу же написал сам Бог». (Автор неизвестен)

Об учёбе и образовании

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1. «The limits of my language are the limits of my world». (Ludwig Wittgenstein)

«Границы моего языка — это границы моего мира». (Людвиг Витгенштейн)

Людвиг Витгенштейн — австрийский философ и логик первой половины XX века.

2. «Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere». (Chinese Proverb)

«Знание — это сокровище, которое всюду следует за тем, кто им обладает». (Китайская пословица)

3. «You can never understand one language until you understand at least two». (Geoffrey Willans)

«Вы никогда не поймёте один язык, пока не будете понимать хотя бы два». (Джеффри Вилланс)

Джеффри Вилланс — английский писатель и журналист.

4. «To have another language is to possess a second soul». (Charlemagne)

Владеть вторым языком означает обладать второй душой.

Карл Великий

император Священной Римской империи

5. «Language is the blood of the soul into which thoughts run and out of which they grow». (Oliver Wendell Holmes)

«Язык — это кровь души, в которую текут мысли и из которой они произрастают». (Оливер Уэнделл Холмс)

6. «Knowledge is power». (Sir Francis Bacon)

«Знание — сила». (Фрэнсис Бэкон)

7. «Learning is a gift. Even when pain is your teacher». (Maya Watson)

«Познание — это дар. Даже когда боль — твой учитель». (Майя Уотсон)

8. «You can never be overdressed or overeducated». (Oscar Wilde)

«Нельзя быть слишком хорошо одетым или слишком хорошо образованным». (Оскар Уайльд)

9. «Never make fun of someone who speaks broken English. It means they know another language». (H. Jackson Brown, Jr.)

«Никогда не смейтесь над человеком, который говорит на ломаном английском. Это значит, что он знает и другой язык». (Х. Джексон Браун — младший)

Х. Джексон Браун — младший — американский писатель.

10. «Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever». (Mahatma Gandhi)

Живи так, будто умрёшь завтра. Учись так, будто будешь жить вечно.

Махатма Ганди

индийский политический и общественный деятель

С юмором

Octavio Fossatti/unsplash.com

1. «Have no fear of perfection; you’ll never reach it». (Salvador Dali)

«Не бойтесь совершенства; вам его никогда не достичь». (Сальвадор Дали)

2. «Only two things are infinite — the universe and human stupidity, and I’m not sure about the former». (Albert Einstein)

Две вещи бесконечны — Вселенная и человеческая глупость, но насчёт Вселенной я не уверен.

Альберт Эйнштейн

физик-теоретик, один из основателей современной теоретической физики

3. «All you need in this life is ignorance and confidence, and then success is sure». (Mark Twain)

«Имейте в жизни только невежество и самоуверенность, и успех не заставит себя ждать». (Марк Твен)

4. «If a book about failures doesn’t sell, is it a success?» (Jerry Seinfeld)

«Если книга о провале не продаётся, можно ли считать это успехом?» (Джерри Сайнфелд)

Джерри Сайнфелд — американский актёр, стендап-комик и сценарист.

5. «Life is pleasant. Death is peaceful. It’s the transition that’s troublesome». (Isaac Asimov)

«Жизнь приятна. Смерть безмятежна. Вся проблема в переходе от одного к другому». (Айзек Азимов)

6. «Accept who you are. Unless you’re a serial killer». (Ellen DeGeneres, Seriously… I’m Kidding»

«Примите себя таким, какой вы есть. Только если вы не серийный убийца». (Эллен Дедженерес, «Серьезно… я шучу»)

Эллен Дедженерес — американская актриса, телеведущая и комедийная актриса.

7. «A pessimist is a man who thinks everybody is as nasty as himself, and hates them for it». (George Bernard Shaw)

«Пессимист — это человек, который считает всех настолько же невыносимыми, как он сам, и ненавидит их за это». (Джордж Бернард Шоу)

8. «Always forgive your enemies. Nothing annoys them more». (Oscar Wilde)

Всегда прощайте своих врагов — ничто не раздражает их сильнее.

Оскар Уайльд

английский философ, писатель и поэт

9. «If you would like to know the value of money, try to borrow some». (Benjamin Franklin)

«Хотите узнать цену деньгам? Попробуйте взять взаймы». (Бенджамин Франклин)

10. «Life would be tragic if it weren’t funny». (Stephen Hawking)

«Жизнь была бы трагичной, если бы не была такой забавной». (Стивен Хокинг)
*Деятельность Meta Platforms Inc. и принадлежащих ей социальных сетей Facebook и Instagram запрещена на территории РФ.

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