Word for cite as an example

‘Coherence and Cohesion’ contains one-fourth of your TOEFL Writing task and score. Linking words/phrases help you achieve this Coherence e & Cohesion while making your essay more appealing  to the examiner. As an TOEFL candidate, you should learn various linking words, their meaning and appropriate use in your writing. It is obvious that the examiner will check the range of your vocabulary, the way your sentences flow, and the type of linking words/ phrases you use. Linking words are also called transitional words or connecting words and this article aims to enhance your linking word vocabulary and show you their use in different sentences. Let’s start learning

PRESENTING YOUR OPINION

In my opinion: In my opinion, both the government and citizens of a country should come forward and fight the corruption.

I think: I think, students at the university level should not be forced to attend the class.

In my view: In my view, mothers have more intimate relationships with their children and that is why they should spend more time with them.

I believe: This is undoubtedly a very good solution but I believe, there are better solutions than that.

I admit: I admit that we now have a busy life but that does not mean that we should not find time to take part in community programmes that are aimed to make our community a better place to live in.

AGREE / DISAGREE

I agree: I agree with the notion that students should take a year gap for travelling or working before they graduate.

I concur: I concur with the opinion that specifically supports restricting the car ownership as a measure to kerb the air pollution.

I disagree: I disagree with the viewpoint that women leadership ensures world peace.

I cannot agree: I cannot agree that increasing the fuel price would be a viable solution to restrict the vehicles on the road.

I oppose the idea: I oppose the idea that people attend a college or a university only to get a job.

I cannot accept: I cannot accept the fact that tourism alone is responsible for the loss of native culture and tradition.

giving examples

To cite an example: To cite an example, I started learning a second language at my primary school and that did  not increase my study pressure at all.

For example: For example, most of the companies want their employees to enhance their skills so that they can better perform over the time.

For instance: For instance, many developing countries are trying to improve their GDP through their export activities.

Namely: Namely, Australia and Canada have many charity organisations which work exactly for this cause.

To illustrate:  To illustrate, universities, these days, offer a wide range of subjects than they used to do in the past.

One clear example: One clear example would be my sister who, despite her graduation in mathematics, works as a journalist in a daily newspaper.

In other words: In other words, fathers should share these responsibilities and let mothers enjoy some leisure hours. [Use this expression (i.e. in other words) to express or point something in a different way, to make it easier, clear and to emphasise.]

To give an example: To give an example, modern household appliances and kitchenware have made the cooking process easier and faster.

listing points

First/ Firstly/ To begin with:

First, public transportations are cheap and can carry many passengers at a time.
Firstly, increasing the fuel price would affect the daily budget of all citizens.
To begin with, old people has paid taxes and worked for the country for their whole life.

Second/ Secondly:

Second(ly), we do not have to worry about parking, garage, traffic rule violation and fuel cost when we do not own a car.

Third(ly)… Fourth(ly):

Third(ly), smoking does not have a single benefit but a pile of disadvantages.
Fourth(ly), ever increasing population is a reason for increased house rent, competitive job market and pollution.

Lastly/ Finally/ Last but not least:

Lastly, the rail is one of the safest transportation systems that can carry a huge number of passengers at a time.
Finally, parents spend more time with their children than a teacher does.
Last but not least, countries like Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal prove that violence and crime can be in a peak even under the woman leadership.

reasons and causes

Since: Since the developing countries have adopted technology in their agriculture sector, their yearly productions have increased significantly.

Because: Another group of people attend a night school because they work at the day time.

As: As mothers mostly stay home, they have a greater responsibility in upbringing children.

Due to: Due to the widespread corruption in these less developed countries, the fund should be directly handled and utilised by the authority of the developed countries.

Owing to: (means because of/ on account of).
The new factory would have many negative effects and would destroy the serenity of our community owing to its location in the middle of our area.

adding information

Additionally: Additionally, computer games are addictive and can waste a large portion of the valuable time of a school-going child.

Moreover: Moreover, young people have better technological knowledge than the older generation.

In addition: In addition to that, fast food contains the fat, preservative, and other harmful ingredients which are very detrimental to our health.

Furthermore: Furthermore, helping developing countries in terms of providing education facilities, can strengthen the relationship between two countries. 

And: And the negative impacts of establishing a large factory in our community would trigger other adverse consequences which would be hard to tackle in the long run.

Not only… but also: Not only deforestation damages the natural habitats of many species but also is the main reason for global warming.

Also: Also, cities provide better job opportunities and a better-living standard.

As well as: Too much dependency on technological devices as well as the internet would bring catastrophic consequences once something goes wrong.

results and consequences

As a result: As a result, lessons learned from our experiences have better effects in our life.

Hence: Hence, I completely disagree that the factory would be a good place for new jobs for the community people.

So: So, owning a private car would offer someone the freedom that he usually does not have without it.

Therefore: Therefore, television is the most popular media for entertainment in most of the countries in the world.

Thus: Thus, overreliance on technology can bring the dreadful events in the upcoming future.

Consequently: Consequently, we remember such gifts and revere the good wishes that were conveyed through those gifts.

For this reason: For this reason, I would like to own a private car than always relying on the public transportations.

time indication

Subsequently: Subsequently, the increasing population in the city areas are the main reason there are so many unemployed people in these cities.

Eventually: Eventually, the cost of medical health care would increase day by day and mass people would find it hard to get proper medical facilities.

Meanwhile: Meanwhile, a single international language would reduce the language barrier among the people of different countries to a great extent.

Henceforth: (Meaning — Hereafter, hence, subsequently, from now on.)
Henceforth, the government should increase its budget and manpower for fighting the corruption.

Initially: Initially, it can be supported by the government but in the long run, it should be people who should spontaneously support this cause both verbally and financially.

 

highlighting and emphasising

Especially: This step would be advantageous for people, especially for rural people, as it would increase the job opportunities in rural areas.

Clearly: Clearly, this law is a violation of people’s privacy and that is why this law needs amendments.

Obviously: Obviously, automation in government sectors would reduce the corruption to a great extent.

Specifically: Corruptions in government sectors, specifically in countries like India and Bangladesh, is another hindrance in the overall progress.

Of course: Of course, the government has a responsibility to support those older people. But that does not mean that children of such senior citizens are free from their own responsibilities towards their aged parents

In particular: In particular, there is almost no university in such underdeveloped areas and a large number of students, due to this, move to the city areas each year. 

presenting contrast

Despite: Despite its immense benefits, we should be wary of its usages in our daily life.

In spite of: In spite of a remarkable progress in recent years, women are still suffering from social discriminations in many developing countries.

By contrast: By contrast, knowledge gained from travelling and from real life experiences has a greater impact on our future course of actions in life.

Alternatively: Alternatively, the government can impose laws to control the market price of most essential commodities.

Another opinion could be: Another option could be restricting the number of children a family can have.

On the other hand: On the other hand, owning a car is expensive as it requires parking, fuel, servicing, maintaining and  yearly renewal costs.

Still: Still, strictly controlling the number of children a family can have is not a feasible solution.

However: However, many destitute families rely on the earning those young children bring to the family.

Although: Although implementing this would require a huge sum of money, this, in my opinion, is the most optimal solution.

Even though: Even though their arguments are somewhat convincing to listen to, in reality, the scenario is quite the opposite.

But: But, the investment in trade and finance alone does not guarantee a steady growth of the GDP for this country.

presenting comparison

In comparison: In comparison to the past century, people these days do not have a strong family tie.

Admittedly: Admittedly, severe punishments set examples to other people temporarily but it lacks any long term effect.

Similarly: Similarly, capital punishment is brutal and fail to establish a bridge between the social unrest and reformation.

Likewise: Likewise, technological advancement creates new job opportunities both in developing and developed countries.

In the same way: In the same way, increasing the tax would not be a viable solution to address this issue.

conclusion

To sum up: To sum up, it is up to us to judge the authenticity of a news. But the journalists also have a professional and moral obligation to present us the truth. 

In conclusion: In conclusion, we should strictly monitor the type of programmes our children watch each day.

To conclude: To conclude, university admission should be merit-based, not gender-based. 

To draw the conclusion: To draw the conclusion, this is our world and we have to save it. Uncontrolled use of natural resources would endanger our very existence and that is why we should be much sensible of their usages

Managing citations for research papers, theses, dissertations, and other nonfiction works can be overwhelming. However, you can ease the process by learning how to insert citations in Microsoft Word using the software’s citation and bibliography tools.

This tutorial covers six topics:

1. How to select a citation style
2. How to insert citations for new sources
3. How to insert citations for existing sources
4. How to edit sources
5. How to use citation placeholders
6. How to insert bibliographies, reference lists, or works cited lists

Important Note: At the time this tutorial was published, Microsoft Word did not offer the most up-to-date formatting for several of our primary style guides, including APA, Chicago, MLA, and Turabian. Therefore, I encourage you to review the available styles before using the citation and bibliography tools. We will cover the steps to customize citation and bibliography styles in a separate tutorial.

The images below are from Word in Microsoft 365. The steps are the same in Word 2021, Word 2019, and Word 2016. However, your interface may look slightly different in those older versions of the software.

How to Select a Citation Style in Microsoft Word

1. Select the References tab in the ribbon.

1. Select your citation style from the Style menu in the Citations & Bibliography group.

How to Insert Citations for New Sources in Microsoft Word

1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the citation.

1. Select the References tab in the ribbon (see figure 1).
2. Select the Insert Citation button in the Citations & Bibliography group.

1. Select Add New Source from the drop-down menu.

1. Select the source type from the Type of Source menu in the Create Source dialog box.

1. Enter the source information into the bibliography fields.

1. (Optional Step) Select Show All Bibliography Fields if you need to add additional information.

1. (Optional Step) Enter the source information into the additional fields.

1. Select the OK button.

Your citation should appear in your text.

How to Insert Citations for Existing Sources in Microsoft Word

Once you enter a source, as shown in the section above, you can create additional citations for that source without reentering the information.

1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the citation (see figure 3).
2. Select the References tab in the ribbon (see figure 1).
3. Select the Insert Citation button in the Citations & Bibliography group (see figure 4).
4. Select the source from the drop-down menu.

Your citation should appear in your text (see figure 11).

How to Edit Sources in Microsoft Word

When you edit an existing source, you will also edit any existing citations for that source in your current document.

1. Select the References tab in the ribbon (see figure 1).
2. Select the Manage Sources button in the Citations & Bibliography group.

1. Select the source you want to edit in the Master List or the Current List in the Source Manager dialog box.

Pro Tip: The Master List is stored in your computer and is accessible in all your documents. The Current List is part of your current file and is only accessible in that file. By default, Word stores new sources in the Master List and the Current List.

1. Select the Edit button.

1. Enter your edits in the Edit Source dialog box. (Select Show All Bibliography Fields, if necessary.)

1. Select the OK button.

1. Select Yes or No in the alert box stating that you will be updating the source in both the Master List and the Current List. (Strongly consider selecting Yes to update both lists if you plan to cite this source in future documents.)

1. Select the Close button in the Source Manager dialog box.

How to Use Citation Placeholders in Microsoft Word

You can use placeholders if your source information is not available.

1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the citation placeholder.
2. Select the References tab in the ribbon (see figure 1).
3. Select the Insert Citation button in the Citations & Bibliography group (see figure 4).
4. Select Add New Placeholder from the drop-down menu.

1. (Optional Step) Change the name of the placeholder in the Placeholder Name dialog box.

1. Select the OK button.

Pro Tip: You can use the same placeholder in the future by selecting it from the Insert Citation drop-down menu (see figure 12).

1. When you are ready to replace the placeholder with a source, complete the steps in How to Edit Sources above.

How to Insert Bibliographies, Reference Lists, or Works Cited Lists in Microsoft Word

These steps will only work if you inserted your sources using Word’s citation and bibliography tools.

1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the bibliography, reference list, or works cited list.
2. Select the References tab in the ribbon (see figure 1).
3. Select the Bibliography button in the Citations & Bibliography group.

1. Select Bibliography, References, or Works Cited from the drop-down menu.

Your bibliography, reference list, or works cited list should appear in your document.

Related Resources

How to Create Hanging Indents in Microsoft Word

How to Insert Footnotes and Endnotes in Microsoft Word

How to Convert Individual Footnotes to Endnotes in Microsoft Word (and Individual Endnotes to Footnotes)

How to Create a Cover Page in Microsoft Word (Built-In and Custom)

Updated August 22, 2022