Word for born with something

III

født

I

II

1) født

2) medfødt

3) komplett, uforbederlig, kron-

• you’re a born idiot!

som resultat av, med utspring i, skapt av

III

tr[bɔːn]

1 nato,-a

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

nacido

nato

adj.

I bɔːrn, bɔːn

(past p of bear I)

to be born to something/to + inf: he was born to (a life of) luxury nació para (ser) rico; this is what I was born for o what I was born to do yo he nacido para esto; I wasn’t born yesterday, you know! oye, que no nací ayer!; there’s one born every minute! — (set phrase) hay tontos para repartir

II

[bɔːn]

1.

bear II, 1., 1); nacido

to be born — (lit) nacer; (fig) surgir, nacer

2.

* * *

I [bɔːrn, bɔːn]

(past p of bear I)

to be born to something/to + inf: he was born to (a life of) luxury nació para (ser) rico; this is what I was born for o what I was born to do yo he nacido para esto; I wasn’t born yesterday, you know! oye, que no nací ayer!; there’s one born every minute! — (set phrase) hay tontos para repartir

II

• poets are born, not made on naît poète, on ne le devient pas

* * *

[bɔːn]
1.

2.

London-/Irish-born — né à Londres/en Irlande, originaire de Londres/d’Irlande

••

I

noun

1) Bär, der

2)

Great/Little Bear — Großer/Kleiner Bär

II
1.

,

1) tragen [Wappen, Inschrift, Unterschrift]; aufweisen, zeigen [Merkmal, Spuren, Ähnlichkeit, Verwandtschaft]

2) tragen, führen [Namen, Titel]

3)

bear some/little relation to something — einen gewissen/wenig Bezug zu etwas haben

4) : tragen [Waffe, Last]; mit sich führen [Geschenk, Botschaft]

5) ertragen [Schmerz, Kummer]; with neg. aushalten [Schmerz]; ausstehen [Geruch, Lärm, Speise]

7) vertragen

gebären [Kind, Junges]; see also academic.ru/8296/born»>born

9) tragen [Blumen, Früchte usw.]

bear fruit — Früchte tragen

2.

,

bore, borne

1)

bear left — [Person:] sich links halten

2)

Phrasal Verbs:

— bear away

— bear down

— bear off

— bear on

— bear out

— bear up

— bear upon

— bear with

* * *

I [beə]

1) ertragen

2)

4) tragen

5) tragen

6) führen

•

— bearable

— bearer
— bearing
— bearings
— bear down on
— bear fruit
— bear out
— bear up
— bear with
— find/get one’s bearings
— lose one’s bearings
II [beə]

der Bär

* * *

bear¹

[beəʳ, AM ber]

I. n

black/brown bear Schwarz-/Braunbär m

she-bear Bärin f

to be like a bear with a sore head [or AM like a real bear] ( fig fam) ein richtiger Brummbär sein fam

2. STOCKEX (sb calculatedly selling stocks) Baissier m, Baissespekulant(in) m(f), Bär(in) m(f), Bear m

covered bear gedeckter Baissier

uncovered bear Baissier m, der seine Position noch nicht glattstellen konnte

3.

▶ it’s a bear to do sth es ist kompliziert, etw zu tun

II. vi STOCKEX auf Baisse [o à la Baisse] spekulieren

bear²

<bore, borne or AM also born>

[beəʳ, AM ber]

I. vt

▪ to bear sth etw tragen; ( liter):

to bear arms ( form) Waffen tragen

to bear gifts ( form) Geschenke mitbringen

to bear tidings ( old liter) Neuigkeiten überbringen

to bear a date/an imprint/an inscription ein Datum/einen Aufdruck/eine Aufschrift tragen

to bear sb’s name jds Namen tragen [o geh führen

▪ to bear oneself:

to bear the load/the weight die Last/das Gewicht tragen; ( fig)

to bear the cost die Kosten tragen

▪ to bear sth etw ertragen [o erdulden]

what might have happened doesn’t bear thinking about man darf gar nicht daran denken, was hätte passieren können

he said something so awful that it doesn’t bear repeating er sagte so etwas Schreckliches, dass ich es gar nicht wiederholen möchte

to bear the blame die Schuld auf sich akk nehmen

to bear the [burden of] responsibility die [Last der] Verantwortung tragen

to bear one’s cross sein Kreuz tragen fig

to bear the discomfort/hardship die Unbequemlichkeit/Mühe auf sich akk nehmen

to bear the pain/tribulation den Schmerz/Kummer ertragen

▪ to not be able to bear sb/sth jdn/etw nicht ertragen [o ausstehen] können

▪ to not be able to bear the boredom/suspense Langeweile/Spannung nicht aushalten

▪ to not be able to bear jokes/criticism Spaß/Kritik nicht vertragen

▪ to not bear to do sth es nicht ertragen können, etw zu tun

to bear sb a grudge einen Groll gegen jdn hegen geh

to bear sb ill-feeling auf jdn nicht gut zu sprechen sein

to not bear any ill-feeling against sb nichts gegen jdn haben

to bear sb ill-will jdm gegenüber nachtragend sein

to bear no ill-will keine Feindschaft empfinden

to bear an [uncanny] likeness [or similarity] to sb [unheimliche] Ähnlichkeit mit jdm haben

to bear a [strong] resemblance to sb [große] Ähnlichkeit mit jdm haben, jdm sehr ähnlich sehen

to bear the [or a] scar eine Narbe davontragen fig, gezeichnet sein geh

I’ll bear that in mind ich werde das mit berücksichtigen

to bear a baby ein Kind gebären [o zur Welt bringen]

to bear sb a child jdm ein Kind gebären

to bear cubs/foals/young ZOOL Welpen/Fohlen/Junge bekommen

12. AGR, BOT

to bear fruit ( also fig) Früchte tragen a. fig; FIN, ECON

to bear interest at 8% 8 % Zinsen bringen, mit 8 % verzinst sein

13.

to bear testimony [or witness] Zeugnis ablegen

to bear witness to sth von etw dat Zeugnis ablegen, etw bezeugen

II. vi

to bear left/right sich akk links/rechts halten

▪ to bear with sb mit jdm Geduld [o Nachsicht] haben

to bear on a lever einen Hebel betätigen

▪ to bear down on [or upon] sb/sth auf jdn/etw zusteuern

▪ to bear on sth etw betreffen; (have affect on) etw beeinflussen

6. (put pressure on)

to bring pressure to bear on sb/sth Druck m auf jdn/etw ausüben

* * *

I [bɛə(r)]

pret

bore,

ptp

borne

1) tragen; bei sich tragen, mit sich führen

to bear away/back — mitnehmen/mit (sich) zurücknehmen;

the music was borne/borne away on the wind — die Musik wurde vom Wind weiter-/weggetragen

2) tragen; aufweisen, zeigen → witness

See:

3) tragen, führen

4) empfinden, in sich tragen; hegen

the love/hatred he bore her — die Liebe, die er für sie empfand/der Hass, den er gegen sie hegte or empfand

See:

to bear examination/comparison — einer Prüfung/einem Vergleich standhalten

6) ertragen; ausstehen, leiden; aushalten; vertragen; aushalten, vertragen

she can’t bear being laughed at —

7) tragen → interest

See:

gebären → born

See:

1)

3)

to bring one’s energies/powers of persuasion to bear — seine Energie/Überzeugungskraft aufwenden (on für)

to bring pressure to bear on sb/sth — Druck auf jdn/etw ausüben

sich halten

II

1) Bär ; Brummbär

the Great/Little Bear — der Große/Kleine Bär or Wagen

auf Baisse spekulieren

* * *

bear¹ [beə(r)] prät bore [bɔː(r); US auch ˈbəʊər], obs bare [beə(r)], pperf borne [bɔː(r)n; US auch ˈbəʊərn], bei 4born [bɔː(r)n; US auch ˈbəʊərn]

A v/t

1. Lasten etc tragen

2. fig Kosten, einen Verlust, die Verantwortung, die Folgen etc tragen

4. (pperf borne oder born;

Letzteres nur in der passiven Bedeutung: geboren [werden], sofern nicht by … von … folgt) zur Welt bringen, gebären:

a) ein Kind gebären,

I wasn’t born yesterday ich bin doch nicht von gestern;

5. einen Namen, einen Titel, auch Waffen etc tragen, führen:

6. ein Amt etc innehaben, ausüben

7. ein Datum, einen Stempel, ein Zeichen etc tragen, aufweisen:

8. eine Bedeutung etc haben, in sich schließen

11. Schmerzen etc ertragen, (er)dulden, (er)leiden

12. aushalten, einer Prüfung etc standhalten:

13. (meist neg) ausstehen, leiden, einen Gedanken ertragen

14. eine Nachricht etc überbringen

15. Gehorsam etc leisten, Lob zollen (to dat):

17. bear o.s. sich betragen, sich benehmen

B v/i

1. tragen, (sicher) halten (Balken, Eis etc)

2. (on, upon) schwer lasten oder liegen (auf dat), drücken, einen Druck ausüben (auf akk)

3. (against) drücken, sich lehnen (gegen), anliegen (an dat)

4. (on, upon)

a) einwirken, Einfluss haben (auf akk)

b) sich beziehen, Bezug haben (auf akk), im Zusammenhang stehen (mit), betreffen (akk):

how does this bear on …? in welchem Zusammenhang steht das mit …?;

bring to bear (up)on

a) einwirken lassen auf (akk),

b) richten oder anwenden auf (akk);

5. eine Richtung einschlagen, sich halten:

6. SCHIFF

a) abfahren, absegeln ( beide:

to nach)

b) abfallen

7. sich erstrecken

8. bear with Nachsicht haben oder üben mit, (geduldig) ertragen (akk):

would ( oder could) you bear with me for a second? einen kleinen Augenblick, bitte, TEL auch bleiben Sie bitte einen kleinen Moment am Apparat

9. BOT (Früchte) tragen

10. ZOOL tragen, trächtig sein (Tier)

bear² [beə(r)]

A s

1. ZOOL Bär m:

2. fig

a) Bär m, Tollpatsch m

b) Brummbär m, Ekel n pej

c) US umg Kanone f (at, for in dat)

3. WIRTSCH Bear m, Baissier m, Baissespekulant(in):

4. ASTRON

5. METALL Eisenklumpen m, Bodensau f

B v/i WIRTSCH auf Baisse spekulieren, fixen

D adj WIRTSCH

b) Baisse…:

* * *

I

noun

1) Bär, der

2)

Great/Little Bear — Großer/Kleiner Bär

II
1.

,

1) tragen [Wappen, Inschrift, Unterschrift]; aufweisen, zeigen [Merkmal, Spuren, Ähnlichkeit, Verwandtschaft]

bear a resemblance or likeness to somebody — Ähnlichkeit mit jemandem haben

3)

bear some/little relation to something — einen gewissen/wenig Bezug zu etwas haben

4) : tragen [Waffe, Last]; mit sich führen [Geschenk, Botschaft]

5) ertragen [Schmerz, Kummer]; with neg. aushalten [Schmerz]; ausstehen [Geruch, Lärm, Speise]

9) tragen [Blumen, Früchte usw.]

bear fruit — Früchte tragen

2.

,

bore, borne

1)

bear left — [Person:] sich links halten

2)

Phrasal Verbs:

* * *

(stock exchange) n.

Börsenspekulant —en m. n.

Baissier —s m.

Bär —en m. (on) v.

betreffen v.

sich beziehen (auf) v. (to give birth to) v.

zur Welt bringen ausdr. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: bore, borne)

= aushalten v.

ausstehen v.

ausüben v.

ertragen v.

gebären v.

(§ p.,pp.: gebar, geboren)

halten v.

(§ p.,pp.: hielt, gehalten)

lasten v.

tragen v.

(§ p.,pp.: trug, getragen)

1.

[‘ɪʃuː], [‘ɪsjuː]noun

1) Frage, die

evade or dodge the issue — ausweichen

4) Auflage, die

2.

transitive verb

1) ausgeben; ausstellen [Pass, Visum, Zeugnis, Haft-, Durchsuchungsbefehl]; erteilen [Lizenz, Befehl]

2) herausgeben [Publikation]; herausbringen [Publikation, Münze, Briefmarke]; emittieren [Wertpapiere]; geben [Warnung]

3.

intransitive verb

[Personen:] herausströmen ( from aus); [Gas, Flüssigkeit:] austreten ( from aus); [Rauch:] heraus-, hervorquellen ( from aus); [Ton, Geräusch:] hervor-, herausdringen ( from aus)

* * *

[‘iʃu:]
1.

1) (her)ausgeben

2) herauskommen

2.

1) die Ausgabe

2) die Ausgabe

3) die Streitfrage

* * *

is·sue

[ˈɪʃu:]

I. n

she has changed her mind on many issues sie hat ihre Einstellung in vielen Punkten geändert

they had prepared a report on the issues of management and staff sie hatten einen Bericht über Management- und Personalfragen vorbereitet

what is the issue? worum geht es [hier]?

that’s not the issue! darum geht es doch gar nicht!

what I want isn’t the issue es geht hier nicht darum, was ich will

the main issue is how/whether… die zentrale Frage ist, wie/ob…

familiy issues Familienangelegenheiten pl

the point at issue der strittige Punkt

side issue Nebensache f

don’t worry, that’s just a side issue keine Sorge, das ist nur nebensächlich

the issue at stake der springende Punkt

a burning issue eine brennende Frage

ethical issue ethische Frage

the real issues die Kernprobleme pl

to address an issue ein Thema ansprechen

to avoid the issue [dem Thema] ausweichen

to [not] be at [or an] issue [nicht] zur Debatte stehen

to confuse an issue etwas durcheinanderbringen

to make an issue of sth etw aufbauschen, um etw akk Aufsehen machen

to raise an issue eine Frage aufwerfen

to take issue with sb [over sth] ( form) sich akk mit jdm auf eine Diskussion [über etw akk] einlassen

at issue strittig

2. (edition) of a magazine, newspaper Ausgabe f

date of issue Erscheinungsdatum nt

latest issue aktuelle Ausgabe

there was an issue of 60,000 in March im März lag die Auflage bei 60.000

4. no pl (making available) of goods, notes, stamps Ausgabe f; of shares Emission f, Ausgabe f; of a fund, loan Auflegung f; of a cheque, document Ausstellung f

date of issue of a passport, cheque Ausstellungsdatum nt

the issue of a statement die Abgabe einer Erklärung

6. FIN, STOCKEX

issue at par Pari-Emission f fachspr

issue of securities Wertpapieremission f

new issue Neuemission f

special issue Sonderausgabe f; (stamp) Sondermarke f

issue of blood Blutung f

to carry sth to a successful issue etw zu einem erfolgreichen Abschluss bringen

II. vt

▪ to issue sth licence, permit etw ausstellen [o ausfertigen]

to issue an arrest warrant AM einen Haftbefehl erlassen [o erteilen]

to issue banknotes Banknoten in Umlauf bringen

to issue bonds FIN Obligationen ausgeben [o emittieren]

to issue a newsletter ein Rundschreiben veröffentlichen

to issue a passport einen Pass ausstellen

to issue a patent ein Patent erteilen

to issue shares/a fund Aktien/einen Fonds auflegen

to issue a communique ein Kommuniqué herausgeben

to issue an invitation/a warning eine Einladung/Warnung aussprechen

to issue an order to sb jdm einen Befehl erteilen

to issue a statement eine Stellungnahme abgeben

to issue an ultimatum ein Ultimatum stellen

▪ to issue sb with sth jdn mit etw dat ausstatten [o versorgen]; (distribute to) etw an jdn austeilen

1. (come out) ausströmen; smoke hervorquellen

▪ to issue from sth aus etw dat dringen; liquid, gas also aus etw dat strömen; smoke aus etw dat quellen

2. (be born out of)

▪ to issue from sth einer S. gen entspringen

* * *

[‘ɪʃuː]

1) ausstellen; ausgeben; ausgeben, emittieren; herausgeben; ausgeben; erteilen (

to
+

dat

); abgeben, aussprechen; erlassen; bekannt geben; stellen

to issue sb with a visa, to issue a visa to sb — jdm ein Visum ausstellen

2) herausgeben

3) ausgeben

to issue sth to sb/sb with sth — etw an jdn ausgeben

all troops are issued with… — alle Truppen sind mit… ausgerüstet

from aus) austreten; quellen, austreten; (hervor- or heraus)dringen; (heraus)strömen

the sewage/river issues into the sea — das Abwasser fließt/der Fluss mündet ins Meer

she raised the issue of human rights —

the issue is whether… — es geht darum or die Frage ist, ob…

this matter/question is not at issue — diese Angelegenheit/Frage steht nicht zur Debatte

the issue of guns to the troops —

* * *

issue [ˈıʃuː; Br auch ˈısjuː]

A s

1. Ausgabe f, Erlass m (von Befehlen etc):

2. WIRTSCH Ausgabe f (von Banknoten, Wertpapieren etc), Emission f (von Wertpapieren), Begebung f, Auflegung f (einer Anleihe), Ausstellung f (eines Dokuments, Schecks, Wechsels etc):

issue price Zeichnungs-, Emissionspreis m; → academic.ru/5327/bank»>bank¹ A 1

3. TYPO

a) Heraus-, Ausgabe f, Veröffentlichung f, Auflage f (eines Buches)

b) Ausgabe f, Nummer f (einer Zeitung)

4. Streitfall m, -frage f, -punkt m, (strittiger oder wesentlicher) Punkt:

issue of fact (law) JUR Tatsachen-(Rechts)frage f;

at issue strittig, streitig, zur Debatte stehend;

the point at issue is … es dreht sich darum, …;

join ( oder take) issue with sb sich auf eine Auseinandersetzung einlassen mit jemandem (on über akk)

5. Kernfrage f, (akutes) Problem, Angelpunkt m:

6. Ausgang m, Ergebnis n, Resultat n, Schluss m:

7. besonders MIL Ausgabe f, Zu-, Verteilung f

8. JUR Nachkommen(schaft) pl(f), (Leibes)Erben pl, Abkömmlinge pl:

9. Abfluss m, Abzug m, Öffnung f, Mündung f

10. MED

a) Ausfluss m (von Eiter, Blut etc)

b) eiterndes Geschwür

11. WIRTSCH Erlös m, Ertrag m, Einkünfte pl (aus Landbesitz etc)

12. Herausgehen n, -kommen n:

B v/t

2. WIRTSCH Banknoten, Wertpapiere etc ausgeben, in Umlauf setzen, emittieren, eine Anleihe begeben, auflegen, ein Dokument, einen Wechsel, Scheck etc ausstellen:

3. ein Buch, eine Zeitung herausgeben, veröffentlichen, auflegen, publizieren

a) Essen, Munition etc ausgeben, zu-, verteilen

b) ausrüsten, beliefern ( beide:

C v/i

1. heraus-, hervorkommen

2. hervorstürzen, -brechen

3. herausfließen, -strömen

4. a) (from) entspringen (dat), herkommen, -rühren (von)

b) abstammen ( from von)

5. herauskommen, herausgegeben werden (Schriften etc)

6. ergehen (Befehl etc)

7. enden (in in dat)

* * *

1.

[‘ɪʃuː], [‘ɪsjuː]noun

evade or dodge the issue — ausweichen

3) Ausgabe, die

6) Ergebnis, das; Ausgang, der

2.

transitive verb

1) ausgeben; ausstellen [Pass, Visum, Zeugnis, Haft-, Durchsuchungsbefehl]; erteilen [Lizenz, Befehl]

2) herausgeben [Publikation]; herausbringen [Publikation, Münze, Briefmarke]; emittieren [Wertpapiere]; geben [Warnung]

3.

intransitive verb

[Personen:] herausströmen ( from aus); [Gas, Flüssigkeit:] austreten ( from aus); [Rauch:] heraus-, hervorquellen ( from aus); [Ton, Geräusch:] hervor-, herausdringen ( from aus)

* * *

n.

Ausfertigung f.

Ausgabe —n f.

Ausgang —ë m.

Ausleihe —ungen f.

Ausstellen n.

Effektenemission f.

Emission —en f.

Ergebnis —se n.

Fall ¨-e m.

Kernpunkt m.

Nummer —n f.

Problem —e n.

Sachverhalt m.

Schluss ¨-e m.

Streitfall m.

Streitfrage f.

leibliche Nachkommenschaft f. v.

auflegen v.

ausgeben (Banknoten) v.

ausgeben v.

ausrüsten v.

ausstellen v.

emittieren (Wirtschaft) v.

erteilen (Befehle) v.

herausgeben v.

herauskommen v.

hervorbrechen v.

in Umlauf setzen ausdr.

liefern v.

publizieren (Bücher) v.

verteilen v.

zuteilen v.

tə:m

1.

1) período, etapa

2) trimestre (tres meses); cuatrimestre (cuatro meses); semestre (seis meses)

3) término

•

2.

— in terms of

trimestre

término

tr[tɜːm]

3 (expression, word) término

1 calificar de, llamar, denominar

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in the long/short term a largo/corto plazo

calificar de, llamar, nombrar

n.

n.

v.

I tɜːrm, tɜːm

2) ( word) término m

in general/simple terms — en términos generales/lenguaje sencillo

3)

a) ( period) período m, periodo m

in the short/long term — a corto/largo plazo

b) (in school, university) trimestre m

the fall o (BrE) autumn/spring/summer term — el primer/segundo/tercer trimestre

on equal terms — en igualdad de condiciones, en pie de igualdad

to be on good/bad terms with somebody — estar* en buenas/malas relaciones con alguien, llevarse bien/mal con alguien

6)

in financial/social terms — desde el punto de vista financiero/social

b)

in terms of: I was thinking more in terms of… yo estaba pensando más bien en…; in terms of efficiency, our system is superior — en cuanto a eficiencia, nuestro sistema es superior

II

[tɜːm]

2) (Educ) trimestre

in the autumn or fall/spring/summer term — en el primer/segundo/tercer trimestre

3) (Comm, Jur, Econ) plazo

what do you understand by the term «radical»? — ¿qué entiende usted por (el término) «radical»?

legal/medical terms — términos legales/médicos

contradiction, uncertain

5) (Math, Logic) término

6) terms

— come to terms with sth

b)

c)

in terms of: in terms of production we are doing well — en cuanto a la producción vamos bien, por lo que se refiere or por lo que respecta a la producción vamos bien

2.

the problems of what is now termed «the mixed economy» — los problemas de lo que ahora se da en llamar «la economía mixta»

3.

CPD

term paper N — trabajo escrito trimestral

* * *

I [tɜːrm, tɜːm]

2) ( word) término m

in general/simple terms — en términos generales/lenguaje sencillo

3)

a) ( period) período m, periodo m

in the short/long term — a corto/largo plazo

b) (in school, university) trimestre m

the fall o (BrE) autumn/spring/summer term — el primer/segundo/tercer trimestre

on equal terms — en igualdad de condiciones, en pie de igualdad

to be on good/bad terms with somebody — estar* en buenas/malas relaciones con alguien, llevarse bien/mal con alguien

6)

in financial/social terms — desde el punto de vista financiero/social

b)

in terms of: I was thinking more in terms of… yo estaba pensando más bien en…; in terms of efficiency, our system is superior — en cuanto a eficiencia, nuestro sistema es superior

II

   Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)

   It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)

   It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)

   Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the «real world» is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group…. We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)

   It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes…. No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)

   [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]

   Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it

   Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another

   LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)

   We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages…. The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds…. No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)

   We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.

   The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds…. We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)

9) The Forms of a Person’s Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language

   The forms of a person’s thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)

   It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts…. Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)

   In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules…, representing general properties of the whole system of concepts…. At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)

   In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)

   [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)

   he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance…. A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it…. On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.

   The next highest level… is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex…. Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)

   The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of «computer behavior» on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.

   But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)

   The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)

t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives…. We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception…. It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal «undecidability» of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from «pro-verbs,» «kernals,» or «deep deep structures» to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)

   A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)

   Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed…. Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a «horizontal» movement, which combines words together, and a «vertical» movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or «inner storehouse» of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being «like» another) and its mode is metaphoric. The «opposition» of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, «vertical» relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)

   It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)

   First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules»correspondence rules» or «bridge laws,» as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o….

   Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)

   If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying…. Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments… [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)

23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction

   Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of «rationality.» It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person…. An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage…. It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will «account for» a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)

   By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means «genetically programmed.» He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a «blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)

   Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important «programming language.» This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language…. One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn’t something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p.

1.

noun

1) Sinn, der

sense of smell/touch/taste — Geruchs-/Tast-/Geschmackssinn, der

2) in pl. Verstand, der

sense of responsibility/guilt — Verantwortungs-/Schuldgefühl, das

what is the sense of or in doing that? — was hat man davon od. wozu soll es gut sein, das zu tun?

5) Sinn, der; Bedeutung, die

in the strict or literal sense — im strengen od. wörtlichen Sinn

in every sense [of the word] — in jeder Hinsicht

in a or one sense — in gewisser Hinsicht od. Weise

it makes [a lot of] sense — es ist [sehr] sinnvoll

2.

transitive verb

spüren; [Tier:] wittern

* * *

[sens]
1.

1) der Sinn

2) das Gefühl

3) der Sinn

4) der Verstand

5) der Sinn

6) der Sinn

2.

fühlen

— senseless

— senselessly
— senselessness
— senses
— sixth sense

* * *

[sen(t)s]

I. n

I hope they’ll have the [good] sense to shut the windows before they leave ich hoffe, sie sind so klug, die Fenster zu schließen, bevor sie gehen

to make [good] sense sinnvoll sein

planning so far ahead makes no sense es hat keinen Sinn, so weit im Voraus zu planen

to see the sense in sth den Sinn in etw dat sehen

to talk sense sich akk verständlich ausdrücken

there’s no sense in doing sth es hat keinen Sinn, etw zu tun

there’s no sense in waiting es ist zwecklos zu warten

▪ one’s senses pl jds gesunder Menschenverstand

it’s time you came to your senses es wird Zeit, dass du zur Vernunft kommst

to bring sb to their senses jdn zur Vernunft bringen

to take leave of one’s senses den Verstand verlieren

sense of hearing Gehör nt

sense of sight Sehvermögen nt

sense of smell/taste/touch Geruchs-/Geschmacks-/Tastsinn m

the five senses die fünf Sinne

sixth sense sechster Sinn

did you get any sense of how they might react? kannst du dir irgendwie denken, wie sie reagieren werden?

▪ to have a sense that… das Gefühl haben, dass…

I had a sudden sense that I was needed at home ich spürte auf einmal, dass ich zu Hause gebraucht wurde

sense of beauty Schönheitssinn m

sense of belonging Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl nt

sense of direction Orientierungssinn m

sense of duty Pflichtgefühl nt

sense of justice/reality Gerechtigkeits-/Realitätssinn m

a sense of security ein Gefühl nt der Sicherheit

a sense of social responsibility ein Gefühl nt für soziale Verantwortung

sense of time Zeitgefühl nt

she’s pretty hot, in more senses than one sie ist ganz schön heiß, in mehr als einer Hinsicht

the broad/narrow sense of a word/term die weite/enge Bedeutung eines Wortes/Begriffes

in the broad[est] sense of the term im weitesten Sinne des Wortes

figurative/literal sense übertragene/wörtliche [o ursprüngliche] Bedeutung

to make sense einen Sinn ergeben

this passage doesn’t make sense diese Passage ist unverständlich

to make sense [out] of sth sich dat auf etw akk einen Reim machen

I’ve read the letter twice, but I can’t make any sense of it ich habe den Brief zweimal gelesen, aber ich kann mir keinen Reim darauf machen

6. (way) Art f

in a sense in gewisser Weise

we are in no sense obliged to agree to this wir sind in keiner Weise verpflichtet, dem zuzustimmen

in every sense in jeder Hinsicht

to have a sense of fun Spaß verstehen können

it was just a joke — where’s your sense of fun? das war doch nur ein Scherz — verstehst du keinen Spaß?

to have a sense of humour Sinn für Humor haben

sense of helix MATH Schraubensinn m

sense of rotation TECH Drehrichtung f, Drehsinn m

II. vt

▪ to sense sb/sth jdn/etw wahrnehmen

▪ to sense that… spüren, dass…

he sensed that his guests were bored er spürte, dass seine Gäste sich langweilten

could you sense what was likely to happen? hattest du eine Ahnung von dem, was passieren konnte?

▪ to sense sth COMPUT etw prüfen

to sense sb’s anger jds Wut spüren

to sense danger Gefahr wittern

* * *

[sens]

no man in his senses… — kein einigermaßen vernünftiger Mensch…

to frighten sb out of his senses —

his senses were deranged by… — er war durch… völlig verstört

/justice — Farben-/Gerechtigkeitssinn

5)

he had the (good) sense to… — er war so vernünftig or klug or gescheit und…

you should have had more sense than to… — du hättest vernünftiger sein sollen und nicht…

6)

it doesn’t make sense doing it that way/spending or to spend all that money —

why did he decide that? – I don’t know, it doesn’t make sense — warum hat er das beschlossen? – ich weiß es nicht, es ist mir unverständlich or es macht keinen Sinn

it makes good financial/political sense to… — aus finanzieller/politischer Sicht gesehen ist es sehr vernünftig, zu…

he/his theory doesn’t make sense — er/seine Theorie ist völlig unverständlich

it all makes sense now —

it doesn’t make sense, the jewels were there a minute ago — das ist ganz unverständlich, die Juwelen waren doch eben noch da

it has three distinct senses —

in what sense? —

fühlen, spüren

* * *

A s

1. Sinn m, Sinnesorgan n:

sense of hearing (sight, smell, taste, touch) Gehör-(Gesichts-, Geruchs-, Geschmacks-, Tast)sinn;

I’ve lost my sense of taste ich schmecke nichts mehr; → sixth A 1

2. pl Sinne pl, (klarer) Verstand:

in (out of) one’s senses bei (von) Sinnen;

3. fig Vernunft f, Verstand m:

do have some sense! sei doch vernünftig!; → common sense

4. Sinne pl, Empfindungsvermögen n

5. Gefühl n:

a) Empfindung f (of für):

b) Ahnung f, unbestimmtes Gefühl

6. Sinn m, Gefühl n ( beide:

of für):

7. Sinn m, Bedeutung f:

8. Sinn m, (etwas) Vernünftiges:

what is the sense of doing this? was hat es für einen Sinn, das zu tun?;

is there a sense in which …? könnte man vielleicht sagen, dass …?;

it makes sense es macht Sinn, es hat Hand und Fuß, es klingt plausibel;

9. ( besonders allgemeine) Ansicht, Meinung f, Auffassung f:

10. MATH Richtung f:

B v/t

1. empfinden, fühlen, spüren, ahnen

2. IT

a) abtasten

b) abfragen

3. besonders US umg kapieren

* * *

1.

noun

sense of smell/touch/taste — Geruchs-/Tast-/Geschmackssinn, der

sense of responsibility/guilt — Verantwortungs-/Schuldgefühl, das

what is the sense of or in doing that? — was hat man davon od. wozu soll es gut sein, das zu tun?

in the strict or literal sense — im strengen od. wörtlichen Sinn

in every sense [of the word] — in jeder Hinsicht

in a or one sense — in gewisser Hinsicht od. Weise

it makes [a lot of] sense — es ist [sehr] sinnvoll

2.

transitive verb

spüren; [Tier:] wittern

* * *

n.

Empfindung f.

Gefühl —e n.

Sinn —e m.

Verstand —¨e m.

Wahrnehmung f. v.

abfühlen v.

abtasten v.

empfinden v.

fühlen v.

wahrnehmen v.

‘litə(r)

1.

1) basura, papeles

2) cama de paja

3) camada

2.

cubrir

papeles / basura

don’t drop litter, put it in the bin no tires papeles, échalos a la papelera

camada

tr[‘lɪtə^SMALLr/SMALL]

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

litter bin SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL papelera

litter tray cubeta de arena, cubeta de tierra

tirar basura en, ensuciar

tirar basura

n.

v.

I ‘lɪtər, ‘lɪtə(r)

noun

II

transitive verb

[‘lɪtǝ(r)]

a litter of books — un montón desordenado de libros, un revoltijo de libros

3) (Zool) camada

1)

to litter papers about a room, litter a room with papers — esparcir papeles por un cuarto, dejar papeles esparcidos por un cuarto

2) dar cama de paja a

3) parir

3.

4.

CPD

litter basket, litter bin N — papelera

litter lout N —

litter tray N —

* * *

I [‘lɪtər, ‘lɪtə(r)]

noun

II

transitive verb

kə:s

1.

1) maldecir

2) blasfemar, decir palabrotas

2.

1) maldición

2) desgracia

•

tr[kɜːs]

1 maldecir, decir palabrotas, blasfemar

maldecir

injuriar, insultar, decir malas palabras a

afligir

maldecir, decir malas palabras

n.

v.

pret: maldij-

kɜːrs, kɜːs

I

noun

b) ( oath) maldición f, palabrota f

II
1.

transitive verb

2.

[kɜːs]

the curse of it is that… — lo peor (del caso) es que…

curses! * — ¡maldito sea!, ¡maldición!

2.

3.

* * *

[kɜːrs, kɜːs]

I

noun

b) ( oath) maldición f, palabrota f

II
1.

transitive verb

2.

twin

1) gemelo

2) copia

tr[twɪn]

1 gemelo,-a, mellizo,-a

1 gemelo,-a, mellizo,-a

1 hermanar

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

twin set conjunto de jersey y chaqueta

gemelo, mellizo

adj.

n.

I twɪn

II

adjective

a) <brother/sister> mellizo, gemelo (esp Esp); see twin I

III

[twɪn]

1.

identical, Siamese

2) hermano

3) gemelo; doble; hermano

the twin aims or goals of sth — el doble objetivo de algo

1) hermanar ( with con)

2) combinar

4.

CPD

twin city N — ciudad hermana or hermanada

twin-cylinder

twin-jet

twin town N — ciudad hermana or hermanada

* * *

I [twɪn]

II

adjective

a) <brother/sister> mellizo, gemelo (esp Esp); see twin I

III

•• Конечно, мало людей, не знающих, что именно Шекспиру принадлежат слова To be or not to be: that is the question или A horse! A horse! My Kingdom for a horse (из

«Ричарда III»

), или не знакомых с их «каноническими», вошедшими в русский язык переводами (Быть или не быть – вот в чем вопрос и Коня, коня! Полцарства за коня!). Многие правильно укажут и происхождение другого часто цитируемого отрывка:

•• What’s in a name? That which we call a rose

•• By any other name would smell as sweet.

•• (

Romeo and Juliet

)

•• В переводе Щепкиной-Куперник:

•• Что в имени? То, что зовем мы розой,

•• И под другим названьем сохраняло б

•• Свой сладкий запах.

•• Интересны две цитаты, которые по-русски встречаются едва ли не чаще, чем в английских текстах.

•• All the world’s a stage,

•• And all the men and women merely players.

•• Весь мир – театр, и люди в нем – актеры.

•• (Из комедии

As You Like It

– «Как вам это понравится»)

•• There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio,

•• Than are dreamt of in your philosophy.

•• Есть многое на свете, друг Горацио,

•• Что и не снилось нашим мудрецам

•• (Из

«Гамлета»

в переводе 1828 года (!) М.Вронченко; именно в таком виде эта цитата вошла в русский язык.)

•• Но вот еще один «шекспиризм», тоже из «Гамлета» и тоже обращенный к Горацио: In my mind’s eye, Horatio (в переводах, с разными вариациями – В очах моей души, Горацио). Подавляющее большинство говорящих по-английски, употребляя это распространенное выражение, не осознают, что «цитируют Шекспира». (По-русски мы скажем что-нибудь вроде в мыслях я вижу или мысленным взором.)

•• Несколько аналогичных примеров:

•• foregone conclusion (из

«Отелло»

). Прочно вошло в язык. Употребляется, когда речь идет о заранее ясном результате, предрешенном деле, о чем-то не вызывающем сомнений. The outcome of the general elections was a foregone conclusion (International Herald Tribune);

•• to the manner born (из «Гамлета»). Означает естественную склонность к чему-то, врожденную способность, легкость в выполнении дела или исполнении обязанностей. Существует вариант to the manor born (разница на письме, но не в произношении). Удачный перевод: У него это в крови;

•• True it is that we have seen better days (из «Как вам это понравится»). Перевод очевиден: Мы видели (у нас были) лучшие времена. Иногда так говорят о женщине не первой молодости: She has seen better days или о политике, переживающем кризис;

•• to wear one’s heart upon one’s sleeve (из «Отелло») – не скрывать своих чувств. По-русски можно сказать душа нараспашку;

•• a plague on both your houses. Слова Меркуцио из «Ромео и Джульетты». Нередко употребляются и в русской речи ( чума на оба ваши дома), часто без малейшего представления об источнике;

•• brevity is the soul of wit. Вошло в поговорку и по-русски (Краткость – душа остроумия). Но все же неплохо знать, что и это – из «Гамлета», где смысл глубже (в переводе М.Лозинского – «Краткость есть душа ума»);

•• brave new world (из «Бури» –

The Tempest

). И конечно, из названия ранее полузапрещенного у нас романа Олдоса Хаксли. У Шекспира: O brave new world that has such people in’t (О, дивный мир, где есть такие люди). У Хаксли («Прекрасный новый мир») мы имеем дело с типичным (и, по-моему, довольно скучным) романом-антиутопией. Надо иметь в виду, что это выражение используется чаще всего иронически или с оттенком осуждения;

•• honorable men (из «Юлия Цезаря» –

Julius Caesar

). Аналогичный случай: иронически-осуждающее употребление, казалось бы, понятного словосочетания. Правда, нередки случаи, когда оно употребляется и в прямом значении ( достойные люди). Но переводчик должен быть внимателен. Многие говорящие по-английски помнят то место в трагедии Шекспира, где Марк Антоний называет Брута an honorable man, имея в виду совершенно обратное. В письменном переводе помогут кавычки («достопочтенные» граждане), в устном придется рискнуть или сказать нечто нейтральное (человек с известной репутацией);

•• there is method in the madness. Видоизмененная цитата из «Гамлета». Подразумевается, что за внешней нелогичностью, странностью какого-то поступка или явления кроется своя логика, свой смысл;

•• more in sorrow than in anger (тоже из «Гамлета»). Пастернаковское «скорей с тоской, чем с гневом» не очень подходит в переводе этого выражения в его современном употреблении. Лучше сказать скорее с сожалением, чем с негодованием/гневом;

•• more sinned against than sinning. Моя любимая цитата из

«Короля Лира»

(так говорит о себе главный герой: I am a man/more sinned against than sinning). В прекрасном, незаслуженно забытом переводе М.Кузмина: Предо мной другие/грешней, чем я пред ними. Образец сжатости и точности!

•• the wheel has come full circle (из «Короля Лира»). Употребляется чаще всего так: we have come full circle – мы пришли к тому, с чего начали;

•• strange bedfellows (из «Бури»). Нередко цитируют как в пьесе (Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows – В нужде с кем не поведешься), но чаще всего, не подозревая о шекспировских корнях этой фразы, говорят Politics makes strange bedfellows. Свежая модификация из журнала Time: President Jacques Chirac and newly-elected Prime Minister Lionel Jospin make uneasy bedfellows. Имеются в виду странные (на первый взгляд) политические альянсы, коалиции или, как в последнем примере, «сожительства» (фр. cohabitation). Но ведь не просто так, а bedfellows! Говорящие по-английски, несомненно, чувствуют эту «постельную» коннотацию. Так, в журнале Time процитированная фраза сопровождается соответствующей карикатурой. Так что при желании переводчику есть где развернуться;

•• salad days (из

«Антония и Клеопатры»

). Иногда цитируется, как в пьесе: My salad days, when I was green in judgment. (В переводе М.Донского: Тогда была/девчонкой я неопытной, незрелой. Пожалуй, слово девчонка все-таки неуместно в устах Клеопатры.) Употребляется довольно часто, иногда с иронией: the salad days of detente (W. Safire) – разрядка (международной напряженности) в ее первом цветении. В разговоре можно воспользоваться русским молодо-зелено. Более «серьезный» перевод – период/эпоха становления;

•• at one fell swoop (из

«Макбета»

). Еще один пример, когда шекспировское происхождение фразы почти никем не ощущается (есть и другие – fight till the last gasp – драться/бороться до последнего дыхания из «Генриха VI»/

Henry VI

; as good luck would have it – по счастью; и тут мне улыбнулась удача из «Виндзорских кумушек/проказниц»/

The Merry Wives of Windsor

). At one fell swoop – одним махом, в одночасье, в одно мгновение;

•• sound and fury. Тоже из «Макбета», а также из названия романа Фолкнера (русский перевод «Шум и ярость»). За неимением места невозможно полностью процитировать гениальный монолог Макбета. Главное: [Life] is a tale/Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury/Signifying nothing. В переводе М.Лозинского: Это – новость,/Рассказанная дураком, где много/И шума и страстей, но смысла нет. У Шекспира звучит страшней. Sound and fury в переносном значении может иметь два значения: одно близко к много шума из ничего (кстати, тоже «шекспиризм» – название пьесы Much Ado About Nothing), второе обозначает недюжинные страсти, драматические события. Причем не всегда легко почувствовать контекстуальный смысл;

•• every inch a king (из «Короля Лира»). В переводе Т.Щепкиной-Куперник Король, от головы до ног. Вместо слова king часто употребляются и другие – gentleman, lady, statesman и т.д. По-русски – самый настоящий, до мозга костей. Внимание: нередко употребляется шутливо, иронически;

•• ‘tis neither here nor there. Так в «Отелло». В обиходной речи, конечно, it’s. В Англо-русском фразеологическом словаре А.В.Кунина не указано шекспировское происхождение этой фразы. Не стоит переводить ее русским ни к селу, ни к городу (слишком силен русский колорит). Может быть, это не из той оперы? Пожалуй, лучше оставаться в рамках нейтрального стиля: это несущественно/к делу не относится/я говорил о другом;

•• cry havoc (из бессмертного «Юлия Цезаря»). В пьесе: Caesar’s spirit… shall… cry ‘Havoc!’ and let slip the dogs of war. В переводе И.Мандельштама: «Всем смерть!» – собак войны с цепи спуская. В последнее время (может быть, время такое?) популярны обе части этой цитаты – вспомним роман Ф.Форсайта The Dogs of War. Переносный смысл довольно разнообразен – давать сигнал к грабежу, заниматься подстрекательством; вести беспощадную войну, разорять все вокруг и т.д. Но есть и другое значение cry havoc – кричать караул, сеять панику. Ср. play havoc with something – сеять разрушение, опустошать, дезорганизовать.

•• Что сказать в заключение (и в свое оправдание)? «Нельзя объять необъятного» (это, конечно, не из Шекспира, а из Козьмы Пруткова, но тоже может поставить в тупик переводчика. Возможный – сознаюсь, не блестящий – вариант перевода You can’t cover what’s boundless. Можно сказать и проще: I couldn’t do it if I tried!).

kə:s
1.

1) forbanne

2) banne; skjelle ut/huden full

2.

1) forbannelse

2) plage, forbannelse

•

forbanne

I

1) forbannelse, ed

2) plage, forbannelse

3) ed, banning, kraftuttrykk

put/call down a curse on somebody nedkalle forbannelse over noen

• he put a curse on them!

II

1) forbanne, nedkalle forbannelse over

2) banne, sverge

curse out (amer.) banne over, skjelle ut

curse you! ( slang) pokker ta deg!

1) stum, umælende

2) taus

3) dum, idiotisk, tåpelig

•

— dumbly

stum

———

taus

I

1) gjøre stum

2) (amer.) fordumme

II

2) målløs, umælende

umælende dyr/skapninger

4) taus, uten stemme, uten innflytelse, som ikke kan gjøre seg gjeldende

5) fåmælt, stille

* * *

[spuːn]
1.

2.

to spoon something into a dish/bowl — mettre quelque chose dans un plat/bol avec une cuillère

••

I beə

1) aguantar, soportar

2) aguantar

3) dar a luz, parir

4) cargar, llevar

5) llevar

6) desviarse

•

— bearer
— bearing
— bearings
— bear down on
— bear fruit
— bear out
— bear up
— bear with
— find/get one’s bearings
— lose one’s bearings
II beə

oso

tr[beə^SMALLr/SMALL]

1 SMALLZOOLOGY/SMALL oso

1 SMALLFINANCE/SMALL vender al iniciarse una bajada de precios para volver a comprar luego a un precio más bajo

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

bear cub SMALLZOOLOGY/SMALL osezno

————————

tr[beə^SMALLr/SMALL]

2 (name, date) llevar

4 (weight) soportar, aguantar; (responsibility, cost) asumir

■ how do you bear the job? ¿cómo aguantas el trabajo?

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

llevar, portar

dar a luz a (un niño)

dar (frutas, cosechas)

soportar, resistir, aguantar

doblar, dar la vuelta

adj.

n.

v.

pret: produj-•)

I
1. ber, beə(r)

1)

a) ( support) <<weight>> aguantar, resistir; <<cost>> correr con; <<responsibility>> cargar* con

b) ( endure) <<pain/uncertainty>> soportar, aguantar

c) (put up with, stand) (colloq) (with can) <<person>> aguantar (fam), soportar; <<noise>> aguantar, soportar

I can’t bear her — no la soporto, no la aguanto or no la puedo ver (fam)

to bear to + inf: I can’t bear to watch! — no puedo mirar

2)

a) ( carry) (liter) <<banner/coffin>> llevar, portar (liter)

3) (have, show) <<title/signature>> llevar; <<scars>> tener*; <<resemblance>> tener*, guardar

4)

a) ( produce) <<fruit/crop>> dar*; <<interest>> devengar*

2.

vi

a) ( turn) torcer*

bear left/right — tuerza or doble a la izquierda/derecha

to bear on somebody: the responsibility bore heavily on her — la responsabilidad pesaba sobre sus hombros; bring 2) a)

3.

a) (hold, carry)

Phrasal Verbs:

II

I [bɛǝ(r)]

the Great/Little Bear — la Osa Mayor/Menor

— be like a bear with a sore head

— be loaded for bear

brown 5., grizzly, polar

3) (Econ) bajista

2.

CPD

bear baiting N —

bear garden N — (fig) manicomio , casa de locos

bear pit N — (fig) manicomio , casa de locos

II [bɛǝ(r)]
(

pt

bore)
(

pp

borne)

1) aguantar, sostener; — bearing

3) soportar, aguantar

brunt

4) traer

6) llevar; conservar

witness 1., 2), mind 1., 3)

7) resistir

1)

to bear (to the) right/left — torcer or girar a la derecha/izquierda

2)

to bear on sth — guardar relación con algo, tener que ver con algo; influir en algo

bring

3)

* * *

I
1. [ber, beə(r)]

1)

a) ( support) <<weight>> aguantar, resistir; <<cost>> correr con; <<responsibility>> cargar* con

b) ( endure) <<pain/uncertainty>> soportar, aguantar

c) (put up with, stand) (colloq) (with can) <<person>> aguantar (fam), soportar; <<noise>> aguantar, soportar

I can’t bear her — no la soporto, no la aguanto or no la puedo ver (fam)

to bear to + inf: I can’t bear to watch! — no puedo mirar

2)

a) ( carry) (liter) <<banner/coffin>> llevar, portar (liter)

3) (have, show) <<title/signature>> llevar; <<scars>> tener*; <<resemblance>> tener*, guardar

4)

a) ( produce) <<fruit/crop>> dar*; <<interest>> devengar*

2.

vi

a) ( turn) torcer*

bear left/right — tuerza or doble a la izquierda/derecha

to bear on somebody: the responsibility bore heavily on her — la responsabilidad pesaba sobre sus hombros; bring 2) a)

3.

a) (hold, carry)

Phrasal Verbs:

II

du:

1.

1) 0

2) 0

3) 0

4) 0

5) hacer

6) hacer

7) hacer

servir, ir bien, ser suficiente

9) hacer, dedicarse, estudiar

10) ir

11) arreglar

12) hacer, comportarse, actuar

13) hacer

14) causar, hacer

15) visitar

2.

fiesta, evento

— doings
— done
— do-it-yourself
— to-do
— I
— he could be doing with / could do with
— do away with
— do for
— done for
— done in
— do out
— do out of
— do’s and don’ts
— do without
— to do with
— what are you doing with

how do you do?

Multiple Entries:
D.O.     do     do.

do sustantivo masculino ( nota) C;
( en solfeo) do, doh (BrE);

do sustantivo masculino Mús (de solfeo) doh, do
(de escala diatónica) C

do bemol, C-flat

do de pecho, high C

do sostenido, C-sharp
Locuciones: dar el do de pecho, to do one’s very best

‘do‘ also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrochar — acomodada — acomodado — acompañar — anda — animarse — apetecer — apostarse — aprender — arte — así — atañer — atonía — atreverse — bajeza — bastar — bastante — bastarse — bien — bola — bordar — brazo — bricolaje — broma — caballo — cacharro — cada — calaña — campar — capaz — cara — cargar — cascabel — casual — cepillarse — cerrar — colada — coletilla — comer — comandita — comecome — como — componer — componenda — compromiso — común — con — contentarse — contrapelo — corpachón
English:
about-face — about-turn — actually — advance — again — agree — aim to — all — all-out — allow — any — approachable — approve of — as — ask — aspect — associate — attempt — attribute — authorize — bankrupt — begin — best — born — bunk — burden — business — busywork — by — C — call — can — carry-on — cast — cease — cheap — chief — choose — cleaning — clear — come through — command — commit — compel — compelling — complaint — compute — conception — condescend — condition

do

tr[dʊː]

■ do you smoke? ¿fumas?

■ do you know Susan? ¿conoces a Susan?

■ what do they want? ¿qué quieren?

■ where does Neil live? ¿dónde vive Neil?

■ what film did you see? ¿qué película viste?

■ when did they leave? ¿cuándo se fueron?

■ do come with us! ¡ánimo, vente con nosotros!

■ I did post it, I swear! ¡sí que lo mandé, te lo juro!

■ do you like basketball? — yes, I do ¿te gusta el baloncesto? — sí, me gusta

■ did you see the film? — no, I didn’t ¿viste la película? — no, no la vi

■ who wears glasses? — Brian does ¿quién lleva gafas? — Brian

■ who broke the vase? — I did ¿quién rompió el florero? — yo

■ you don’t smoke, do you? no fumas, ¿verdad?

■ you like fish, don’t you? a ti te gusta el pescado, ¿verdad?

■ she lives in Madrid, doesn’t she? vive en Madrid, ¿verdad?

■ you went to their wedding, didn’t you? tú fuiste a su boda, ¿verdad?

■ they didn’t believe you, did they? no te creyeron, ¿verdad?

■ what are you doing here? ¿qué haces aquí?

■ what are you doing this weekend? ¿qué vas a hacer este fin de semana?

■ whatever you do, don’t drink alcohol hagas lo que hagas, no bebas alcohol

■ what can I do about it? ¿qué quieres que haga yo?

■ what do you do (for a living)? ¿a qué te dedicas?

■ what does he want to do when he leaves university? ¿a qué quiere dedicarse cuando deje la universidad?

3 (carry out — job, task) hacer, realizar, llevar a cabo; (- duty) cumplir con

■ I’ve got to do the cooking/cleaning tengo que cocinar/limpiar

■ have you done your homework? ¿has hecho los deberes?

■ do you do biology at school? ¿estudias biología en el instituto?

6 (produce, make — meal) preparar, hacer; (drawing, painting, translation, etc) hacer; (offer — service) servir, tener, hacer; (- discount) hacer

■ does this pub do food? ¿sirven comidas en este pub?

■ what can I do for you? ¿en qué le puedo servir?

8 (put on, produce — play, opera, etc) presentar, dar, poner en escena; (play the part of) hacer el papel de

9 (finish, complete) terminar

■ have you done moaning? ¿has terminado de protestar?

■ he’s done it! ¡lo ha conseguido!

12 (be sufficient for) ser suficiente; (be satisfactory for, acceptable to) ir bien a

■ will 6 glasses do you? ¿será suficiente con seis vasos?

■ yes, that will do me nicely sí, eso me irá perfectamente

■ you’ve been done! ¡te han timado!

1 (act, behave) hacer

■ how are you doing? ¿qué tal vas?, ¿cómo te van las cosas?

■ how are we doing for time? ¿cómo andamos de tiempo?

3 (complete, finish) terminar

■ have you done with the hairdryer? ¿has terminado con el secador?

■ will one slice do for you? ¿tendrás suficiente con una rebanada?

■ that’ll do! ¡basta!

5 (be satisfactory, suitable) servir, estar bien

■ well, I suppose it’ll have to do bueno, supongo que tendrá que servir

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

how do you do? (greeting) ¿cómo está usted? 2 (answer) mucho gusto, encantado,-a

that does it! ¡esto ya es la gota que colma el vaso!, ¡ya está bien!

to be/have to do with somebody/something tener que ver con alguien/algo

to do something for somebody (help) hacer algo por alguien 2 (flatter, suit) favorecer a alguien, quedarle bien a alguien 3 (please) atraer a alguien, decirle algo a alguien

hacer, realizar, llevar a cabo

preparar, hacer

arreglar, peinar (el pelo)

to do in estropear, arruinar

hacer

estar, ir, andar

terminar

servir, ser suficiente, alcanzar

do you speak English? yes, I do: ¿habla inglés? sí

expr.

expr.

v.

pret: hic-

I
1. duː, weak form dʊ, də

1) hacer*

to have something/nothing to do — tener* algo/no tener* nada que hacer

2) ( carry out) <<job/task>> hacer*

4) (achieve, bring about)

she’s done it: it’s a new world record — lo ha logrado: es una nueva marca mundial

he’s late again: that does it! — vuelve a llegar tarde esto ya es la gota que colma el vaso!

to do something for somebody/something: that mustache really does something for him la verdad es que le queda muy bien el bigote; what has EC membership done for Greece? — ¿en qué ha beneficiado a Grecia ser miembro de la CE?

5)

a) (fix, arrange, repair)

b) ( clean) <<dishes>> lavar; <<brass/windows>> limpiar

6) (make, produce)

a) <<meal>> preparar, hacer*

b) <<drawinganslation>> hacer*

they do a set meal for £12 — tienen un menú de 12 libras

(suffice for, suit)

the car has only done 4,000 miles — el coche sólo tiene 4.000 millas

10)

b) ( visit) (colloq) <<sights/museum>> visitar

13) (BrE colloq)

a) (catch, prosecute) agarrar

b) ( cheat) estafar, timar

14) ( use) (sl)

15) (colloq) ( finish) terminar

are o (esp BrE) have you done complaining? — ¿has terminado de quejarte?

2.

vi

1) (act, behave) hacer*

2) (get along, manage)

how do? — (colloq & dial) ¿qué tal?

how are we doing for time/cash? — ¿cómo or qué tal vamos or andamos de tiempo/dinero?

she did well/badly in her exams — le fue bien/mal en los exámenes

to do well/badly out of something — salir* bien/mal parado de algo

3) (go on, happen) (colloq) (in -ing form)

4)

a) (be suitable, acceptable)

look, this won’t do! — mira, esto no puede ser!

it’s not ideal, but it’ll do — no es lo ideal, pero sirve

I’m not going to cook, bread and cheese will do for them! — no pienso cocinar, se tendrán que conformar con pan y queso

b)

to do for o as something: this box will do for o as a table — esta caja nos servirá de mesa

5) ( be enough) ser* suficiente, alcanzar*, bastar

6) ( finish) (in past p) terminar

I’m not o (BrE) I haven’t done yet! — no he terminado todavía

7)

3.

2)

I did not o didn’t see her — no la vi

3)

a)

Ex:

/Ex:

b)

Ex:

boy, do you need a bath! — Dios mío! qué falta te hace un baño!

/Ex:

4)

a)

Ex:

you must admit, she did look ill — tienes que reconocer que tenía mala cara

/Ex:

b)

Ex:

I haven’t decided, but if I do accept… — todavía no lo he decidido, pero si aceptara…

/Ex:

not only does it cost more, it also… — no sólo cuesta más, sino que también…

5)

Ex:

do you live here? — yes, I do/no, I don’t — ¿vives aquí? — sí/no

she wanted to come, but he didn’t — ella quería venir, pero él no

she found it in your drawer — oh, did she? — lo encontró en tu cajón — ¿ah, sí?

I don’t need a haircut — yes, you do! — no necesito cortarme el pelo — cómo que no!

she says she understands, but she doesn’t — dice que comprende, pero no es así

/Ex:

6)

Ex:

you know Bob, don’t you? — conoces a Bob, ¿no? or ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto?

I told you, didn’t I? — te lo dije ¿no? or ¿no es cierto?

/Ex:

I, Charles Brown, do solemnly swear that… — yo, Charles Brown, juro solemnemente que…

•

Phrasal Verbs:

II duː

fair dos all round — a partes iguales para todos; (as interj) seamos justos!

3)

III dəʊ

I [duː]
( does)
(

pt

did)
(

pp

done)

living 2., 1)

2) hacer

Some [do] + noun combinations require a more specific Spanish verb:

3)

4) preparar; hacer, arreglar

hair 1., 1)

5) pasar

6)

that’s done it! * we’re stuck now — ¡la hemos fastidiado! * ahora no podemos salir de aquí

that does it! * that’s the last time I lend him my car — ¡es el colmo! or ¡hasta aquí hemos llegado!, es la última vez que le dejo el coche

good 2., 2)

7)

hacer, estudiar

9) (Theat) representar, poner; hacer

10) imitar

11) (Aut, Rail etc) ir a; cubrir

12)

proud

that’ll do me nicely — eso me vendrá muy bien; con eso me basta

1) hacer

well I, 1., 1)

2)

how do you do? ¿cómo está usted?, gusto en conocerlo (

LAm

); ¡mucho gusto!, ¡encantado!

3)

it’s not exactly what I wanted, but it will or it’ll do — no es exactamente lo que quería pero servirá

make 1., 4)

4) bastar

5)

«could you lend me £50?» — «nothing doing!» — -¿me podrías prestar 50 libras? -¡de ninguna manera! or -¡ni hablar!

don’t take it away, I’ve not done yet — no te lo lleves, ¡aún no he terminado or acabado!

There is no equivalent in Spanish to the use of in questions, negative statements and negative commands.

do sit down — siéntese, por favor, tome asiento, por favor frm

rarely does it happen that… — rara vez ocurre que…

a)

«did you fix the car?» — «I did» — -¿arreglaste el coche? -sí

«I love it» — «so do I» — -me encanta -a mí también

«he borrowed the car» — «oh he did, did he?» — -pidió el coche prestado -¿ah sí? ¡no me digas!

I like this colour, don’t you? — me gusta este color, ¿a ti no?

«do you speak English?» — «yes, I do/no I don’t» — -¿habla usted inglés? -sí, hablo inglés/no, no hablo inglés

«may I come in?» — «(please) do!» — -¿se puede pasar? -¡pasa (por favor)!

«who made this mess?» — «I did» — -¿quién lo ha desordenado todo? -fui yo

«shall I ring her again?» — «no, don’t!» — -¿la llamo otra vez? -¡no, no la llames!

he lives here, doesn’t he? — vive aquí, ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto? or ¿no?

I don’t know him, do I? — no lo conozco, ¿verdad?

it doesn’t matter, does it? — no importa, ¿no?

she said that, did she? — ¿eso es lo que dijo?

II

[dǝʊ]

N

(Mus) do

* * *

I
1. [duː], weak form [dʊ, də]

1) hacer*

to have something/nothing to do — tener* algo/no tener* nada que hacer

2) ( carry out) <<job/task>> hacer*

4) (achieve, bring about)

she’s done it: it’s a new world record — lo ha logrado: es una nueva marca mundial

he’s late again: that does it! — vuelve a llegar tarde esto ya es la gota que colma el vaso!

to do something for somebody/something: that mustache really does something for him la verdad es que le queda muy bien el bigote; what has EC membership done for Greece? — ¿en qué ha beneficiado a Grecia ser miembro de la CE?

5)

a) (fix, arrange, repair)

b) ( clean) <<dishes>> lavar; <<brass/windows>> limpiar

6) (make, produce)

a) <<meal>> preparar, hacer*

b) <<drawing/translation>> hacer*

they do a set meal for £12 — tienen un menú de 12 libras

(suffice for, suit)

the car has only done 4,000 miles — el coche sólo tiene 4.000 millas

10)

b) ( visit) (colloq) <<sights/museum>> visitar

13) (BrE colloq)

a) (catch, prosecute) agarrar

b) ( cheat) estafar, timar

14) ( use) (sl)

15) (colloq) ( finish) terminar

are o (esp BrE) have you done complaining? — ¿has terminado de quejarte?

2.

vi

1) (act, behave) hacer*

2) (get along, manage)

how do? — (colloq & dial) ¿qué tal?

how are we doing for time/cash? — ¿cómo or qué tal vamos or andamos de tiempo/dinero?

she did well/badly in her exams — le fue bien/mal en los exámenes

to do well/badly out of something — salir* bien/mal parado de algo

3) (go on, happen) (colloq) (in -ing form)

4)

a) (be suitable, acceptable)

look, this won’t do! — mira, esto no puede ser!

it’s not ideal, but it’ll do — no es lo ideal, pero sirve

I’m not going to cook, bread and cheese will do for them! — no pienso cocinar, se tendrán que conformar con pan y queso

b)

to do for o as something: this box will do for o as a table — esta caja nos servirá de mesa

5) ( be enough) ser* suficiente, alcanzar*, bastar

6) ( finish) (in past p) terminar

I’m not o (BrE) I haven’t done yet! — no he terminado todavía

7)

3.

2)

I did not o didn’t see her — no la vi

3)

a)

Ex:

/Ex:

b)

Ex:

boy, do you need a bath! — Dios mío! qué falta te hace un baño!

/Ex:

4)

a)

Ex:

you must admit, she did look ill — tienes que reconocer que tenía mala cara

/Ex:

b)

Ex:

I haven’t decided, but if I do accept… — todavía no lo he decidido, pero si aceptara…

/Ex:

not only does it cost more, it also… — no sólo cuesta más, sino que también…

5)

Ex:

do you live here? — yes, I do/no, I don’t — ¿vives aquí? — sí/no

she wanted to come, but he didn’t — ella quería venir, pero él no

she found it in your drawer — oh, did she? — lo encontró en tu cajón — ¿ah, sí?

I don’t need a haircut — yes, you do! — no necesito cortarme el pelo — cómo que no!

she says she understands, but she doesn’t — dice que comprende, pero no es así

/Ex:

6)

Ex:

you know Bob, don’t you? — conoces a Bob, ¿no? or ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto?

I told you, didn’t I? — te lo dije ¿no? or ¿no es cierto?

/Ex:

I, Charles Brown, do solemnly swear that… — yo, Charles Brown, juro solemnemente que…

•

Phrasal Verbs:

II [duː]

fair dos all round — a partes iguales para todos; (as interj) seamos justos!

3)

III [dəʊ]

wei

1.

1) camino, vía; entrada, salida

2) dirección; camino

3) calle; avenida

4) distancia

5) manera, modo, forma

6) aspecto; manera (de alguna manera/forma siento pena por él)

7) maneras

camino, paso (abrirse camino/paso)

2.

muy, mucho más; de sobra

— wayside
— be/get on one’s way
— by the way
— fall by the wayside
— get/have one’s own way
— get into / out of the way of doing something
— get into / out of the way of something
— go out of one’s way
— have a way with
— have it one’s own way
— in a bad way
— in
— out of the/someone’s way
— lose one’s way
— make one’s way
— make way for
— make way
— under way
— way of life
— ways and means

manera / modo

camino

dirección

there’s a car coming, get out of the way! viene un coche, ¡apártate!

tr[weɪ]

1 (right route, road, etc) camino

■ which is the best way to the swimming pool? ¿cómo se va a la piscina?, ¿por dónde se va a la piscina?

■ do you know the way? ¿conoces el camino?, ¿sabes cómo ir?

■ which way did he go? ¿por dónde se fue?

■ which way is the harbour from here? ¿por dónde cae el puerto desde aquí?

■ come this way, please venga por aquí, por favor

■ are you going my way? ¿vas en la misma dirección que yo?

4 (manner, method) manera, modo

■ what’s the best way to cook trout? ¿cuál es la mejor manera de guisar las truchas?

■ OK, you do it your own way vale, hazlo como quieras

5 (behaviour, custom) manera, forma, modo

■ that’s out Romford way, isn’t it? está por la zona de Romford, ¿verdad?

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

across the way / over the way enfrente

by way of (via) vía, por vía de, pasando por 2 (serving as, as a kind of) a modo de

in a big way a lo grande, a gran escala, en plan grande

in a way en cierto modo, en cierta manera

■ can I help in any way? ¿puedo ayudar de alguna manera?

in many ways desde muchos puntos de vista, en muchos aspectos

■ in many ways, this is her best book desde muchos puntos de vista, éste es su mejor libro

in no way de ninguna manera, de ningún modo

■ what would you like in the way of dessert? ¿qué quieres de postre?

no way! ¡ni hablar!, ¡de ninguna manera!

on one’s way / on the way por el camino, de camino, de paso

■ we’re on our way! ¡ya estamos en camino!

■ is it on your way? ¿te pilla de camino?

■ don’t worry, we’ll find it one way or the other no te preocupes, lo encontraremos de una manera u otra

■ you’re in the way! estás estorbando!

■ move your car, it’s in the way quita tu coche de en medio, obstruye el paso

to be under way (work) estar en marcha, estar avanzado,-a 2 (meeting, match) haber empezado

to cut both ways / cut two ways ser un arma de doble filo, tener ventajas y desventajas

to get under way (meeting, match) empezar 2 (travellers, work) ponerse en marcha

to have a way with… tener un don especial para…

to make one’s own way in life/in the world abrirse paso en la vida/el mundo

n.

I weɪ

the way in/out — la entrada/salida

this style is on the way in/out — este estilo se está poniendo/pasando de moda

you’ll soon find your way around the office/system — en poco tiempo te familiarizarás con la oficina/el sistema

I don’t know the way up/down — no sé por dónde se sube/se baja

to go one’s own way: she’ll go her own way hará lo que le parezca; to go out of one’s way ( make a detour) desviarse* del camino; ( make special effort): they went out of their way to be helpful se desvivieron or hicieron lo indecible por ayudar; to go the way of something/somebody — acabar como algo/algn, correr la misma suerte de algo/algn

b) (road, path) camino m, senda f

to be/get in the way — estorbar

to stand in the way: they stood in our way nos impidieron el paso; I couldn’t see it, she was standing in my way no podía verlo, ella me tapaba (la vista); I won’t stand in your way no seré yo quien te lo impida; to stand in the way of progress obstaculizar* or entorpecer* el progreso; (get) out of the way! hazte a un lado!, quítate de en medio!; to move something out of the way quitar algo de en medio; I’d like to get this work out of the way quisiera quitar este trabajo de en medio; to keep out of somebody’s way rehuir* a algn, evitar encontrarse con algn; make way! — abran paso!

if you’re ever down our way, call in — (colloq) si algún día andas por nuestra zona, ven a vernos

whichever way you look at it, it’s a disaster — es un desastre, lo mires por donde lo mires

to split something three/five ways — dividir algo en tres/cinco partes

to go somebody’s way: are you going my way? ¿vas en mi misma dirección?; the decision went our way se decidió en nuestro favor; to put work/business somebody’s way conseguirle* trabajo/clientes a algn; way to go! — (AmE colloq) así se hace!, bien hecho!

you have to go back a long way, to the Middle Ages — hay que remontarse a la Edad Media

it’s a very long way down/up — hay una buena bajada/subida

to go all the way: do you think he might go all the way and fire them? ¿te parece que puede llegar a echarlos?; they went all the way ( had sex) tuvieron relaciones, hicieron el amor; to go some/a long way toward something — contribuir* en cierta/gran medida a algo; see also way I III

all right, we’ll do it your way — muy bien, lo haremos a tu manera or como tú quieras

to do something the hard/easy way — hacer* algo de manera difícil/fácil

the way I see it — tal y como yo lo veo, a mi modo or manera de ver

the way things are o stand at the moment — tal y como están las cosas en este momento

in a big way: they let us down in a big way nos fallaron de mala manera; he fell for her in a big way quedó prendado de ella; to have a way with…: to have a way with children/people saber* cómo tratar a los niños/saber* cómo tratar a la gente, tener* don de gentes; to have a way with animals tener* mucha mano con los animales; to have a way with words — tener* mucha labia or facilidad de palabra

a) (custom, characteristic)

to get into/out of the way of something — (BrE) acostumbrarse a/perder* la costumbre de algo

b) (wish, will)

to get/have one’s (own) way — salirse* con la suya (or mía etc)

in a way, it’s like losing an old friend — de alguna manera or en cierta forma or en cierto sentido es como perder a un viejo amigo

by the way — (indep) a propósito, por cierto

but that’s all by the way: what I really wanted to say was… — pero eso no es a lo que iba: lo que quería decir es que…

11)

a) ( via) vía, pasando por

by way of introduction/an apology — a modo or manera de introducción/disculpa

12)

13)

no way is he/she going to do it — de ninguna manera lo va a hacer (fam)

a) (break, collapse) <<ice/rope/cable>> romperse*; <<floor>> hundirse, ceder

b) (succumb, give in)

to give way (TO somebody/something) — ceder el paso (a algn/algo)

d) (be replaced, superseded by)

15)

under way: to get under way ponerse* en marcha, comenzar*; to get a meeting under way dar* comienzo a una reunión; an investigation is under way — se está llevando a cabo or se ha abierto una investigación

II

[weɪ]

there’s no way out — (fig) no hay salida or solución, esto no tiene solución

— go the way of all flesh

— go one’s own way

prepare 1.

you can watch, but don’t get in the way — puedes mirar, pero no estorbes

to stand in sb’s way — (lit) cerrar el paso a algn; (fig) ser un obstáculo para algn

to get or move sth out of the way — quitar algo de en medio or del camino

give 1., 18)

4)

it was you who invited her, not the other way round — eres tú quien la invitaste, no al revés

5)

my way is to — mi sistema consiste en

in this way — así, de esta manera or forma or modo

it was this way… — pasó lo siguiente…

he had his wicked or evil way with her — hum se la llevó al huerto *, la sedujo

— mend one’s ways

10)

— be in the family way

13)

to gather way — empezar a moverse; (fig) encenderse

how was your holiday, by the way? — a propósito or por cierto, ¿qué tal tus vacaciones?

Jones, which, by the way, is not his real name — Jones que, a propósito or por cierto, no es su verdadero nombre

oh, and by the way — antes que se me olvide

to get under way — zarpar; partir, ponerse en camino; ponerse en marcha, empezar a moverse

2.

ADV

*

3.

CPD

way station N — apeadero ; (fig) paso intermedio

* * *

I [weɪ]

the way in/out — la entrada/salida

this style is on the way in/out — este estilo se está poniendo/pasando de moda

you’ll soon find your way around the office/system — en poco tiempo te familiarizarás con la oficina/el sistema

I don’t know the way up/down — no sé por dónde se sube/se baja

to go one’s own way: she’ll go her own way hará lo que le parezca; to go out of one’s way ( make a detour) desviarse* del camino; ( make special effort): they went out of their way to be helpful se desvivieron or hicieron lo indecible por ayudar; to go the way of something/somebody — acabar como algo/algn, correr la misma suerte de algo/algn

b) (road, path) camino m, senda f

to be/get in the way — estorbar

to stand in the way: they stood in our way nos impidieron el paso; I couldn’t see it, she was standing in my way no podía verlo, ella me tapaba (la vista); I won’t stand in your way no seré yo quien te lo impida; to stand in the way of progress obstaculizar* or entorpecer* el progreso; (get) out of the way! hazte a un lado!, quítate de en medio!; to move something out of the way quitar algo de en medio; I’d like to get this work out of the way quisiera quitar este trabajo de en medio; to keep out of somebody’s way rehuir* a algn, evitar encontrarse con algn; make way! — abran paso!

if you’re ever down our way, call in — (colloq) si algún día andas por nuestra zona, ven a vernos

whichever way you look at it, it’s a disaster — es un desastre, lo mires por donde lo mires

to split something three/five ways — dividir algo en tres/cinco partes

to go somebody’s way: are you going my way? ¿vas en mi misma dirección?; the decision went our way se decidió en nuestro favor; to put work/business somebody’s way conseguirle* trabajo/clientes a algn; way to go! — (AmE colloq) así se hace!, bien hecho!

you have to go back a long way, to the Middle Ages — hay que remontarse a la Edad Media

it’s a very long way down/up — hay una buena bajada/subida

to go all the way: do you think he might go all the way and fire them? ¿te parece que puede llegar a echarlos?; they went all the way ( had sex) tuvieron relaciones, hicieron el amor; to go some/a long way toward something — contribuir* en cierta/gran medida a algo; see also way I III

all right, we’ll do it your way — muy bien, lo haremos a tu manera or como tú quieras

to do something the hard/easy way — hacer* algo de manera difícil/fácil

the way I see it — tal y como yo lo veo, a mi modo or manera de ver

the way things are o stand at the moment — tal y como están las cosas en este momento

in a big way: they let us down in a big way nos fallaron de mala manera; he fell for her in a big way quedó prendado de ella; to have a way with…: to have a way with children/people saber* cómo tratar a los niños/saber* cómo tratar a la gente, tener* don de gentes; to have a way with animals tener* mucha mano con los animales; to have a way with words — tener* mucha labia or facilidad de palabra

a) (custom, characteristic)

to get into/out of the way of something — (BrE) acostumbrarse a/perder* la costumbre de algo

b) (wish, will)

to get/have one’s (own) way — salirse* con la suya (or mía etc)

in a way, it’s like losing an old friend — de alguna manera or en cierta forma or en cierto sentido es como perder a un viejo amigo

by the way — (indep) a propósito, por cierto

but that’s all by the way: what I really wanted to say was… — pero eso no es a lo que iba: lo que quería decir es que…

11)

a) ( via) vía, pasando por

by way of introduction/an apology — a modo or manera de introducción/disculpa

12)

13)

no way is he/she going to do it — de ninguna manera lo va a hacer (fam)

a) (break, collapse) <<ice/rope/cable>> romperse*; <<floor>> hundirse, ceder

b) (succumb, give in)

to give way (TO somebody/something) — ceder el paso (a algn/algo)

d) (be replaced, superseded by)

15)

under way: to get under way ponerse* en marcha, comenzar*; to get a meeting under way dar* comienzo a una reunión; an investigation is under way — se está llevando a cabo or se ha abierto una investigación

II