Sorry about the badly phrased title. I’m not quite sure what I’m looking for, either.
My situation is that I’m writing a report arguing for the usage of A over B. I have listed many advantages of A, and disadvantages of B.
However, I also want to point out that B still has its own merits, and cases where it is better than A. Is there a word I can use to refer to the section that I argue in favor of B in?
The word would kind of mean arguing against my own current position, or arguing against oneself with intent of providing an alternate perspective.
Thanks!
asked Jul 2, 2020 at 2:20
3
The most simplistic single word is counterargument:
[Merriam-Webster]
: an opposing argument// Joseph Stiglitz’s new book, «The Price of Inequality,» is the single most comprehensive counterargument to both Democratic neoliberalism and Republican laissez-faire theories.
— Thomas B. Edsall
// On cost, the counterargument is that widespread job losses lead to deep recessions and thus sharp declines in government revenues.
— The Economist, «Bartleby Waging war on recessions,» 20 June 2020
answered Jul 2, 2020 at 5:18
Jason BassfordJason Bassford
37.7k5 gold badges52 silver badges90 bronze badges
3
На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.
На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.
аргумент против
аргументом против
аргумента против
довод против
аргументов против
аргументы против
доводом против
аргумент в пользу
аргументу против
довода против
доводов против
аргументами против
возражением против
доводы против
That is no argument against carrying an umbrella.
И это не аргумент против того, чтобы захватить с собой зонтик.
But this argument against technically complex money is ultimately a fallacy.
А аргумент против денег, поддерживаемых сложными техническими решениями, в конечном счете является ошибочным.
The abuse of something is no argument against its proper use.
Тем не менее, само по себе неправильное употребление чего-либо не является аргументом против правильного употребления.
But this scheme was actually an argument against them.
The NoSQL movement also has applied it as an argument against traditional databases.
Движение NoSQL, кроме того, применяло формулировку теоремы в качестве аргумента против традиционных баз данных.
In the other column, do the same for the argument against using the atomic bomb.
В другом столбце сделайте то же самое для аргумента против использования атомной бомбы.
There is another crucial argument against early elections.
Есть еще один очень важный аргумент против быстрого проведения выборов.
It’s actually a strong argument against it.
In addition, anti-natalists have another argument against procreation.
Кроме того, у антинаталистов есть еще один аргумент против деторождения.
Quality of products is another potential argument against alternative modalities.
Качество продукции — другой потенциальный аргумент против альтернативных методов.
Perhaps the most common argument against direct investment is the potential power and political influence of foreign investors.
Возможно, наиболее распространенным аргументом против прямых инвестиций является потенциальная сила и политическое влияние иностранных инвесторов.
The best argument against revolutions is having too many of them.
Another argument against buying the euro is the statistics.
Еще одним аргументом против покупки евро являются статистические данные.
But I believe that aestheticism must never be used as an argument against humanitarianism.
Однако я полагаю, что эстетизм никогда нельзя использовать как аргумент против гуманизма.
Those who cannot imagine the achievement of socialism without an act of violence will see this as an argument against democracy…
Те, кто не может представить себе достижение социализма без какого-либо акта насилия, увидят в этом аргумент против демократии…
For me the most forcible argument against such action is that later it would be worse.
Для меня самый веский аргумент против такого поступка — то, что потом будет ещё хуже.
The principal argument against the first conception is that it leads us in the wrong direction.
Главный аргумент против первой концепции заключается в том, что она ведет нас в неверном направлении.
The most common argument against pollution taxes is that they would be unfair.
Наиболее распространенным аргументом против налогов на загрязнение является то, что они были бы несправедливыми.
Such efforts do not work, which is the best argument against them.
Подобные усилия не дают результата, и это лучший аргумент против них.
But in truth the argument against true love is created to comfort those who lack it.
Но на самом деле аргумент против истинной любви создан для того, чтобы утешить тех, кому ее не хватает.
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***************
A «for and against» essay is a formal piece of writing in which a topic is considered from opposing points of view.
You should present both sides in a fair way by discussing them
objectively and in equal detail.
A good essay of this type should
consist of:
a) an introductory paragraph in which you clearly state the topic to be discussed, without giving your opinion;
b) a main body in which the points for and against along with your
justifications, examples or reasons are presented in separate
paragraphs; and
c) a closing paragraph in which you state your opinion or give a balanced consid¬eration of the topic.
Note: Opinion words (I think, I believe, In my
opinion, etc.) can only be used in the closing paragraph where you give
your opinion on the topic.
Points to consider
• Before you start writing your essay you should make a list of the points for and against.
• Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence which summarises the topic of the paragraph.
1. Introduction
Paragraph 1
state topic (summary of the topic without giving your opinion)
2. Main Body
Paragraphs 2 & 3
arguments for & justifi¬cations, examples, and/ or reasons
Paragraphs 4 & 5
arguments against & justification, examples, and/or reasons
3. Conclusion
Final Paragraph
balanced consideration/ your opinion directly or indirectly
****
2. Main Body
Useful expressions and linking words/phrases
• To list points:
Firstly, First of all, In the first place, To begin/start with, Secondly, Thirdly, Finally
• To list advantages:
One/Another/A further/An additional (major) advantage of… is … The main/greatest/first advantage of… is …
• To list disadvantages:
One/Another/ A further/An additional (major)
disadvantage/drawback of. The main/greatest/most serious/first
disadvantage /drawback of… Another negative aspect of…
• To add more points to the same topic:
in addition (to this), furthermore, moreover, besides, apart from, what
is more, as well as, not to mention (the fact) that, also, not only …
but also/as well, both … and, There is another side to the
issue/question/argument of…
• To make contrasting points:
on the other hand, however, still, yet, but, nonetheless, nevertheless, even so,
it may be said/argued/claimed that,…
others/many people oppose this viewpoint/strongly disagree…, claim/feel/believe this argument is incorrect/misguided
although, though, even though, while, whilst, whereas, despite/in spite of (the fact that), regardless of the fact that
Opponents of … argue/believe/claim that…
The fact that… contradicts the belief/idea that…
While it is true to say that…, in fact…
While/Although …, it cannot be denied that…
Useful expressions and linking words/phrases
• To introduce examples:
for example, for instance, such as, like, in particular, particularly,
especially, This is (clearly) illustrated/shown by the fact that… One/A
clear/striking/ typical example of (this)… The fact that….
shows/illustrates that…
• To emphasise a point:
clearly, obviously, it is obvious, naturally, of course, needless to say, indeed
• To express reality:
In fact, the fact (of the matter) is, actually, in practice, it is a fact that, in effect
• To make general statements:
as a (general) rule, generally, in general, on the whole, by and large, in most cases
• To make partially correct statements:
to a certain extent/degree, to some extent/degree, in a way/sense, this
is partly true (but), to a limited extent, there is some truth in
(this), in some cases, up to a point
• To explain/clarify a point:
in other words, that is to say, this/which means that
• To express cause: owing to, due to (the fact that), on account of, on the grounds that, given that, because, as, since
• To express effect: therefore, thus, as a result/consequence,
consequently, so, for this reason, if… were to happen, … the
effect/result would be…
• To express intention: to, so as to, in order to, so that, with the intention of (+ing)
3. Conclusion
Useful expressions and linking words/phrases: Conclusion expressing balanced considerations/opinion indirectly
In conclusion,
On balance,
All things considered,
Taking everything into account/consideration,
To conclude,
To sum up,
All in all,
Finally/Lastly,
……………………. it can be said/claimed that …
……………………. it seems/appears that…
……………………. it would seem that…
……………………. it is likely/unlikely/possible/foreseeable that …
……………………. it is clear/obvious that…
…………………….. there is no/little doubt that …
…………………….. it is true to say that …
…………………….. although it must be said that …
……………………. it may be concluded/said that …
Useful expressions and linking words/phrases: Conclusion expressing opinion directly
In conclusion,
On balance,
All things considered,
Taking everything into account/consideration,
To conclude,
To sum up,
All in all,
…………………………… it is my belief/opinion that …
………………………….. I (firmly) believe/feel/think that …
…………………………… I am convinced that …
…………………………… I am inclined to believe that …
…………………………… I (do not) agree that/with …
NOTE
- A for and against essay can end in a balanced consideration in which you restate that there are points for and against the topic using appropriate expressions given above.
- Alternatevely, it can end by expressing an opinion, in which case you state, directly or indirectly, that you are either in favour of or against the topic, using appropriate expressions given above.
************
— Read the conclusions below and say whether they express a balanced consideration, or the writer’s opinion directly/indirectly.
1 To conclude, although it must be said that a sense of responsibility
is one of the most important qualities which can be instilled in young
people, it should not be forgotten that there are other, equally
important qualities.
2 For the above-mentioned reasons, therefore, I firmly believe that if
people are taught a keen sense of responsibility towards themselves and
others, then they will have the best possible start in life. The way I
see it, taking full responsibility for one’s own actions is central to
leading an honest life.
3 To sum up, it would seem that, once young people know how to take
responsibility for their actions, they are better equipped to learn
about life. While there are other important qualities, a
highly-developed sense of responsibility provides the ideal foun¬dation
for personal development.
4 On balance, it seems that a sense of responsibility has a role to play
in a young person’s development. Never¬theless, when placed alongside
other human qualities, such as honesty and integrity, it is by no means
the most useful.
****
— Read the main body of the for and against essay below on the
topic: «Discuss the view that advertising promotes excessive
consumerism.»
Beginning…
1. Whether it is on TV, radio or hoardings at the side of the road,
advertisements have become a part of our lives, advertising simply a
means of informing the public or does it encourage consumers to purchase
products they do not really need?
2. Advertising is a powerful and persuasive medium. You may feel this is
an intrusion in your daily life, and resent the pressure on you to
spend money. Others, however, enjoy the variety which this highly
creative industry brings to everyday life.
3. Advertising is an effective way of selling new products, and many
people argue that its effectiveness brainwashes us into unnecessary
spending. Others, however, disagree. As Jeremy Tunstall says,
«Advertising can’t sell any product can only help to sell a product the
people want to buy.»
One of the main arguments for advertising is that it generates wealth
for a country. That is to say, taxes paid on goods sold, help
governments to pay for essential services such as education and health
care. Moreover, the number of jobs created for pro¬ducing, marketing and
servicing these goods helps to reduce the unemployment problem, which
is also a great advantage for a country’s economy.
What is more, advertising raises money for a huge number of sporting
events and artistic perfor¬mances which would otherwise not be held.
Without sponsorship from companies who advertise their products, these
events would disappear due to lack of funding. In other words, although
consumerism is promoted through advertising, it is beneficial to both
the consumer and society.
On the other hand, advertisements can cause people to be dissatisfied
with what they already have, and make them want more. Being exposed
again and again to products which one cannot afford produces frustration
and dissatisfaction. Further more, not all parents are in a position to
afford the goods which their children see advertised and want to
possess. This often leads to feelings of inadequacy, especially among
the less well-off.
In addition to this, advertising creates materialism and causes people
to place too much importance or material goods. The fact that people are
prepared to work long hours, or even turn to crime in order to gain the
goods on offer, shows that advertising persuade; people to go to great
lengths to keep the same standard of living as those they see around
them. It is a fact, though, that neither crime nor the stress caused by
overwork can benefit society.
Endings….
A To sum up, it is true to say that advertising does provide some
benefits. However, do you not agree that the drawbacks of a greedy,
materialistic society far outweigh the advantages, and we need to be
careful that we do not lose sight of what is most important — a spirit
of co-operation rather than competition?
B To conclude, it must be said that, while advertising may create
jealousy and inequality in society, without it v would lose a valuable
source of revenue which is used for the benefit of the majority. What
would our lives be like without advertisements?
C In conclusion, I believe that advertising exists to generate wealth by
encouraging people to spend unnecessarily. It fosters greed and breeds
dissatisfaction while distracting us from focusing on more vital things.
As Marion Harper Jr said, «Advertising is found in societies which have
passed the point of satisfying the basic animal needs.»
more: http://academicwriting.wikidot.com/for-and-against-essays
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liyFKUFCQno
They are the most powerful argument against those who still doubt: rock is still alive!
Они- самый мощный аргумент против тех, кто все еще сомневается: рок по-прежнему жив!
Yet another argument against family dynasties is that it is impossible
to make someone happy
against
their will.
Еще один аргумент против семейных династий- невозможность« счастья поневоле».
However, Pto is a resistance gene alone, which is an argument against the guard hypothesis.
Однако, Pto- это единственный ген резистентности томатов, что является аргументом против гипотезы охранника.
Philosopher Hubert Dreyfus would make this argument against«the biological assumption» in 1972.
Философ Хьюберт Дрейфус выдвинул этот аргумент против« биологического предположения» в 1972 году.
If we consider the regional context, the argument against such conduct is powerful.
Если брать региональный контекст, то на этом уровне выдвигались весомые доводы против такого поведения.
at an earlier meeting on the basis of the political nature of the Security Council was difficult to accept.
Довод против передачи Советом Безопасности, выдвинутый
на предыдущем заседании в связи с политическим характером Совета Безопасности, трудно принять.
The term was coined as an argument against a form of realism Dummett saw as’colorless reductionism.
Данный термин был задуман как аргумент против вида реализма, который Даммит называл« бесцветным редукционизмом».
Ulrich furnishes one more argument against leaping from the existence of communion spoons to the conclusion
that they were always used only as they are today.
Ульрих предоставляет нам еще один аргумент против скачка от существования причастной лжицы к заключению,
что она всегда использовалась только так, как сейчас.
The letter was
sent prior to the Kansas evolution hearings as an argument against the teaching of intelligent design in biology classes.
Письмо было отправлено
еще до слушаний о преподавании эволюции в качестве аргумента против преподавания« Разумного замысла» наравне с теорией эволюции в школах.
The argument against a shortage of personnel in the labor market is
the seasonal increase in hiring brought about by the graduates in June, and this could be reflected in today’s report.
Аргумент против недостатка кадров на рынке труда- сезонное увеличение
найма благодаря выпускникам в июне( приличная цифра), которое соответственно может отразиться в сегодняшнем отчете.
Yet another important argument against transit was a potential objection by Azerbaijan,
which would not want Armenia to find a cheap, short route to Russia.
Еще одним веским аргументом против организации транзитных перевозок стали потенциальные
возражения со стороны Азербайджана, который не заинтересован в том, чтобы Армения получила доступ к коротким и дешевым транзитным коридорам в Россию.
This fact has been used by some developed-country organizations as an argument against outsourcing services.
Это обстоятельство использовалось некоторыми организациями развитых стран в качестве аргумента против передачи услуг на внешний подряд.
Another argument against user fees is the unlikelihood of freed-up
resources being significant in terms of their relevance to the provision of other capital-intensive basic services.
Еще один аргумент против использования сборов с пользователей касается того,
что высвобождаемые таким образом ресурсы вряд ли будут существенными с точки зрения их значения для оказания других базовых услуг, требующих значительных ассигнований.
The only minor argument against the article, so far as government comments were concerned,
involved the exact formulation by reference to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
Единственные незначительные доводы против соответствующей статьи в правительственных комментариях касались
точной формулировки ссылки на принципы Устава Организации Объединенных Наций.
Another argument against holding the elections was that full participation of all refugees
and displaced persons in an organized manner was not assured.
гарантировано организованное полномасштабное участие всех беженцев и перемещенных лиц.
The current lack of data should not be used as an argument against future monitoring.
Отсутствие соответствующих данных в настоящий момент не должно использоваться как аргумент против проведения мониторинга в будущем.
CPD promoted Team B’s controversial intelligence claims about Soviet foreign policy,
using them as an argument against arms control agreements such as SALT II.
CPD способствовал распространению спорных разведывательных данных Team B о советской внешней политике,
используя их в качестве аргумента против заключения соглашений по контролю над вооружениями, таких как ОСВ- 2.
require creating all the technical specifications covered by the specification in order to prove the architecture is correct.
Доводы против проведения этой проверки заключались в том,
что, с тем чтобы доказать правильность архитектуры, необходимо было разработать все технические спецификации, охватываемые спецификацией архитектуры электронных деловых операций.
In that respect,
it was noted that the length of the provision should not constitute an argument against their inclusion in the Rules.
В этой связи было подчеркнуто, что объемность положений не должна служить аргументом против их включения в Регламент.
The time has come for
States to make their contributions to the cause of peace, and any argument against this is inadmissible.
Настало время для государств внести свой вклад в дело мира, и любой аргумент против этого недопустим.
Whether Mary learns something new upon experiencing color has two major implications:
the existence of qualia and the knowledge argument against physicalism.
Существует два следствия в зависимости от того, узнает ли Мария что-либо,
впервые испытав цвет: существование квалии и аргумент против физикализма.
To say that the Khawr Abd Allah area does not constitute a territorial sea is,
Кроме того, утверждение о том, что район пролива Абдуллах не представляет собой территориальное море,
Just because you have every right to take our stuff and I don’t have any argument against it doesn’t mean I’m done talking to you, buddy!
Просто потому что у вас есть все права забрать наши вещи, а у меня нет других аргументов против этого, это не значит, что я закончу разговаривать с тобой, приятель!
I will finish this point by saying that any argument against such a truce will not be acceptable to this delegation
or to the international community.
В завершение этой мысли отмечу, что любые доводы, выдвигаемые против такого перемирия, будут неприемлемы как для моей делегации, так и для международного сообщества.
The argument against schemes for witness incognito in trial proceedings
is that it denies the defendant the right to face and cross-examine his accusers.
Один из доводов против использования системы анонимного свидетельствования в ходе
судебного разбирательства заключается в том, что данная система лишает подсудимого права на очную ставку со свидетелями обвинения и их перекрестный допрос.
One argument against the possibility of sustainable facilitated economic relations
was that the two legal systems were incompatible.
Один из аргументов против возможности устойчивой поддержки экономических отношений заключался в том,
что рассматриваемые правовые системы являются несовместимыми.
Another possible argument against the reduction of the pollution charge base is
that it would undermine the already weak system of industrial self-monitoring, i.e., that enterprises would not report on pollutants other than those subject to the charge.
Еще один аргумент против сокращения облагаемой базы заключается в том,
что это подорвет и без того слабую систему производственного экологического самоконтроля, то есть предприятия будут сообщать только о тех загрязняющих веществах, которые облагаются платежами.
- against (parent phrase)
- argument against
Connected phrases:
Sentences with «argument against» (usage examples):
- The needs of our people for development override any other argument against payment of tax,» she stated. (nigeriapoliticsonline.com)
- You seem to be either making a semantic argument against the term consensus, or suggesting that it was so poorly defined that Cook et al. could have achieved any result they liked. (climate-resistance.org)
- Similarly, it is no argument against the position adopted by the Federal Court of Appeal in Forest Ethics or the one proposed by Stratas J.A. in Maritime Broadcasting that deference was given on questions of substance, because that assumes the answer to the threshold question of whether the Dunsmuir framework applies at all to «procedural» decisions. (administrativelawmatters.com)
- (see
more)
See also:
- Sentences with ARGUMENT AGAINST (usage examples)
- Synonyms for ARGUMENT AGAINST (related words and expressions)