Word expressions with make and do

Глаголы do и make — одни из наиболее употребляемых в английском языке. Значения этих глаголов близки друг другу, и на русский оба часто переводятся как «делать». Поэтому нужно не только знать их значение, но и усвоить устойчивые выражения с make и do.

Списки устойчивых словосочетаний с этими глаголами включают в себя огромное количество фраз. Мы не будем приводить в статье всех из них, но разберем основные выражения, разбив их по смысловым группам. Так усвоить, когда употребляется make, а когда do, будет легче.

Основное значение do и make

Русский глагол «делать» может переводиться на английский по-разному в зависимости от контекста предложения. Часто в качестве возможного перевода конкурируют два английских глагола: make и do.

Например, русские выражения «делать упражнение» и «делать записи» в английском имеют два разных глагола: do an exercise (делать упражнение) и make notes (делать записи).

Значения make и do похожи, но не идентичны. Основной компонент значения глагола do — «выполнять, совершать действие». Глагол make означает, скорее, «производить, создавать».

Выделенные значения не описывают всего многообразия выражений с make и с do, и не всегда употребление этой пары слов выводится из различия в базовом значении. Однако приведенные определения могут служить ключевой подсказкой для правильного выбора между двумя глаголами.

Многие словосочетания с make и do называются устойчивыми, именно потому что употребление одного из глаголов в данном контексте не выводится из базового значения, а закреплено в языке. Замена на близкий по смыслу do / make невозможна и будет языковой ошибкой. Такие выражения нужно запоминать.

Словосочетания с глаголом do

Как мы уже отметили, в основе значения do лежит компонент «совершать действие». Глагол может использоваться в самом широком смысле и подразумевать различные действия.

What am I supposed to do? — Что мне делать?.

Just do it, you have no choice — Просто сделай это, у тебя нет выбора.

I’m so bored, I need to do something — Мне так скучно, мне нужно чем-нибудь заняться.

Глагол do может заменять ранее упоминавшееся в предложении действие, чтобы избежать повторов:

Can you buy some milk? I have no time to do it — Можешь купить молока? У меня нет на это времени (buy some milk → do it).

Группа словосочетаний, в которых употребляется глагол do — различные типы деятельности и занятия. Сюда относятся хобби, работа, занятия спортом, обязанности:

do homework — делать домашнее задание

do gymnastics — заниматься гимнастикой

do research — заниматься исследованиями

do work — выполнять работу

do one’s duty — выполнять долг

do military service — служить в армии

During the holidays I do a lot of walking and swimming — На праздниках я много хожу пешком и плаваю.

I’m just doing my job — Я всего лишь выполняю свою работу.

I don’t want to do any work today — Я сегодня совсем не хочу работать.

Выполнение деятельности может сводиться к решению конкретной задачи:

do exercise — делать упражнение

do a crossword — разгадывать кроссворд

Часто употребляется do в выражении:

do one’s hair — причесаться, сделать прическу

I want to do my hair very well for this occasion — Я хочу сделать красивую прическу для этого события.

Также do используется с домашними обязанностями:

do housework — делать работу по дому

do the cooking — готовить

do the room — прибирать комнату

do the dishes — мыть посуду

I’m tired of doing the cooking every day — Я устал заниматься готовкой каждый день.

Can you do the dishes if you have time? — Можешь помыть посуду, если у тебя есть время?

Но в тематике работы по дому есть исключение среди устойчивых выражений с make и do. Глагол make, а не do употребляется в словосочетании make the bed (застилать постель).

Глагол do может использоваться и в более абстрактных значениях:

do harm — причинить вред

do a favor — оказать услугу

do damage — нанести ущерб

do smb credit — делать кому-то честь

do justice — воздать должное, по заслугам

This decision does you credit — Это решение делает вам честь

Never in my life I’ve wanted to do harm to children — Никогда в своей жизни я не желал причинить вред детям.

Еще одно употребление do — в словосочетаниях с оценочным значением.

do good — пойти на пользу

do one’s best — сделать все возможное

do right / wrong — поступать правильно / неправильно

I will do my best to get this job — Я сделаю все возможное, чтобы получить эту работу.

И, конечно, не стоит забывать, что do в английском языке выступает вспомогательным глаголом для образования отрицания или вопросительного предложения.

I don’t understand what you are saying — Я не понимаю, что ты говоришь.

Do you want to go to that party? — Ты хочешь пойти на ту вечеринку?

А также do может добавляться в предложение, чтобы подчеркнуть значение смыслового глагола:

But I do trust him! — Но ему действительно доверяю!

I do consider her a liar! — Я на самом деле считаю ее лгуньей!

Словосочетания с глаголом make

Выражения с make более конкретны по своему значению. Его типичное употребление — указание на производство и изготовление объектов.

make cars — производить машины

make furniture — делать мебель

make a film — снимать фильм

This factory makes very good cars — Этот завод производит очень хорошие машины.

В таких значениях make используется при указании на то, где и кем сделан объект и из чего. Часто в таких фразах глагол стоит в пассивной форме:

This computer is made in Japan — Этот компьютер сделан в Японии.

I prefer furniture that is made of wood — Я предпочитаю мебель, которая сделана из дерева.

Глагол make используется для обозначения приготовления еды:

make dinner — приготовить обед

make a cake — испечь пирог

make coffee — сварить кофе

Обратите внимание, что здесь есть различие в выражениях с make и с do. Приведенные примеры обозначают конкретное действие и имеют результат. Когда речь идет о самом виде деятельности, занятии, употребляется глагол do: do the cooking (готовить еду, заниматься готовкой).

К группе словосочетаний с make относятся значения приготовлений или организации событий:

make an appointment — назначить встречу

make arrangements — делать приготовления

make a reservation — забронировать

make a telephone call — совершить телефонный звонок

I’ll make an appointment with my lawyer — Я назначу встречу с моим юристом.

Если мы хотим сказать о появлении звуков, нужно использовать глагол make:

make a sound — издать звук

make noise — шуметь

Stop making noise! — Перестань шуметь!

Другая многочисленная группа выражений с make относится к сфере заявлений, речей:

make a speech — выступить с речью

make a comment — прокомментировать

make a remark — сделать замечание

make an announcement — сделать объявление

make a joke — шутить

make a suggestion — выдвинуть предложение

make an offer — сделать предложение

make a confession — совершить признание

make a complaint — пожаловаться

make a request — обратиться с просьбой

I would like to make a suggestion — Мне хотелось бы внести предложение.

You are an expert at making speeches — Ты мастер произносить речи.

Глагол make может описывать взаимодействия с людьми:

make the acquaintance of smb — познакомиться с кем-либо

make an impression on smb — оказать на кого-то впечатление

make friends — подружиться

I don’t want to impose on you, I just want to make friends — Я не хочу навязываться, я всего лишь хочу, чтобы мы стали друзьями.

Словосочетания с make описывают решения или намерения:

make a decision — принять решение

make a choice — сделать выбор

make an effort — постараться

make an attempt — сделать попытку

make plans — строить планы

make a wish — загадать желание

He is always making plans but never achieves anything — Он вечно строит планы, но никогда ничего не достигает.

Или изменения:

make progress — делать успехи, прогрессировать

make improvements — добиться успехов, вносить улучшения

make changes — вносить изменения

He has made great progress recently — За последнее время он сильно шагнул вперед.

Выражения с make часто используются в отношении денег:

make a profit — получать прибыль

make money — зарабатывать деньги

make a fortune — сделать состояние

make a living — зарабатывать на жизнь

make ends meet — сводить концы с концами

I make a living by selling goods — Я зарабатываю на жизнь, продавая товары.

Среди других употреблений глагола make можно выделить:

make a list — составить список

make notes — делать записи

make a discovery — совершить открытие

make a mistake — совершить ошибку

make a journey — совершить путешествие

make sure — удостовериться

make sense — иметь смысл

She admitted that she had made a mistake — Она признала, что совершила ошибку.

Особым употреблением глагола make является его побудительное значение, когда мы хотим сказать, что поступили не по своей воле или что действие вызвано другим человеком. В таком случае после глагола make используется инфинитив смыслового глагола без частицы to.

They made me do this — Они заставили меня сделать это.

He is the only person who can make me laugh — Он единственный человек, который может меня рассмешить (заставить смеяться).

В пассивных конструкциях глагол make с тем же значением требует использования частицы to перед смысловым глаголом.

I was made to do this — Меня заставили сделать это.

Из примеров для обоих глаголов можно заметить, что глагол do чаще используется при описании процесса, например, при указании на род занятий, вид деятельности. Тогда как типичное употребление глагола make — отсылка к результату.

Количество устойчивых выражений с make и do значительно превышает приведенное в статье. Однако здесь мы разобрали основные словосочетания, усвоив которые, вы не будете путаться в глаголах do и make.

What is the difference between make and do?

Make or do? – that is the question! These two short words are famous for confusing learners of English. Most errors appear where there are differences in how and when ‘make’ and ‘do’ are used in English vs. your native language. Let’s look at some basic theory to understand the general meaning of ‘make’ vs. ‘do’ in English.

How to use MAKE

I make – He/She makes – We/They make
I will make – I am making – I made – I have made

The verb make is used when talking about creation or production in a process. In other words, it is used to refer to the result of an action. For example: ‘Make a cup of tea’, ‘Make plans for the future’ or ‘Make a model boat out of wood’.

Made can be used to indicate the material of a product. For example, we can say that a spoon is ‘made of steel’. In this case, we would say made, as in the past tense of make. The creation has already taken place and now the spoon is made of steel.

How to use DO

I do – She/He does – They/We do
I will do – I am doing – I did – I have done

The verb ‘do’ is used when we talk about tasks, duties, obligations and routine work. It refers to the process of carrying out these actions. This verb is similar to the formal words perform or execute (as in: execute a command). For example: ‘I did my homework yesterday evening.’ (completed task).

Another use of the verb do is to replace a different verb in the context of a clear or straightforward result. For example: ‘Do the dishes’ (vs. wash the dishes). ‘Do my hair’ means cut, dye, style or perform another similar action on my hair. The word ‘do’ can also be used for recreational and individual sports, such as martial arts. For example: ‘Do karate twice a week’ (take part in this sporting activity, perhaps by attending a class).

Native speakers often use ‘do’ in the way described above. If you want your English to sound more natural, then you should learn how to use ‘do’ as a substitute for other verbs. Read on to find more examples of this!

Remember that ‘do’ can be used as an auxiliary verb in questions and for added emphasis. In these contexts, it is not used to mean ‘performing an action’.

Do in questions: In ‘Do you like music?’ the word ‘do’ is just used to indicate a question. ‘You like music.’ would be a fact. Learners often make the mistake of leaving out the ‘do’ in English questions because in their own language rising intonation is enough. Only in informal English is this possible where the context is 100% clear. For example, just: ‘Coffee?’ (when you are about to pour a cup and you are asking for your friend’s permission).

Do for emphasis: In ‘Lucy thinks I don’t love her, but I do. I really do!’ the use of ‘do’ shows the contradiction between what Lucy thinks and what the speaker feels.
In summary, ‘do’ usually refers to the process and ‘make’ refers to the result or creative aspect of the process. For example, you would do some cooking (process), but you would make dinner (result).
 

140+ Collocations with make or do

Collocations with MAKE

COMMUNICATION

• Make a demand (= Ask for something in an authoritative manner)
  ‘Several bank staff are being held hostage and the robbers are now making demands.’
• Make an objection (= Complain or dispute something)
  ‘If anyone would like to make an objection, please raise your hand now.’
• Make a complaint (= State unhappiness)
  ‘The angry customer made a complaint to the company’s head office.’
• Make a phone call (= Call someone on the phone)
  ‘I need to make a quick phone call. Can I use your landline?’
• Make enquiries (= Ask about a subject, request information)
  ‘I’m thinking about joining a local company, but I still need to make some enquiries.’
• Make an offer (= Suggest, put forward a proposal)
  I was going to put my house on the market, but then a friend made me an offer I couldn’t refuse.’
• Make an agreement (= Reach consensus, create legislation)
  ‘Politicians at the summit are eager to make an agreement on climate change.’
• Make a comment (= Briefly give your opinion)
  ‘I would like to make a comment on the issue of social housing.’
• Make a remark (= Comment in a spontaneous manner)
  ‘The journalist made a sarcastic remark about the politician’s personal fortune.’

In many cases, the use of ‘make’ in “communicative collocations” creates a higher level of formality. In everyday conversation, it is more common to use the noun as a verb in place of the formal collocation. For example, instead of ‘make an agreement’ or ‘make a comment’, you can just say ‘(to) agree on’ or ‘(to) comment on’.

• Make a speech (= Speak publicly on a topic)
  ‘At British weddings, it is customary for the father of the bride to make a speech.’
• Make a fuss (= Complain, worry unnecessarily, give affectionate attention)
  ‘I wish my husband wouldn’t make such a fuss every time I go out with my friends!’
  ‘My grandma always made a fuss of us as children.’ (Positive – loved and spoiled them)
• Make an excuse (= Justify an action)
  ‘The boss made an excuse and left the meeting early.’
• Make a point (= State an argument, advocate an idea)
  ‘John made some good points in his presentation, but I didn’t agree with everything he said.’
• Make an observation (= Give your view on a topic, state what you have noticed)
  ‘Following our exam results, the teacher made several observations about our lack of progress!’

• Make a suggestion (= Put forward an idea, share an opinion to help others)
  ‘Could I make a suggestion? Perhaps red curtains would go better with this wallpaper.’
• Make conversation (= Talk to others, sometimes about trivial matters)
  ‘When I asked about his new job, I was just making conversation.’(No real interest)
• Make contact (= Find and establish communication)
  ‘After a 5-year absence, Mary’s brother finally made contact with her via Facebook.’
• Make a noise/sound (= Produce a sound)
  ‘I thought the dishwasher was broken because it was making a strange noise.’
• Make an exception (= Agree to break the rules in one instance)
  ‘We don’t normally allow dogs in here, but I suppose we can make an exception this time.’
• Make it clear (= Ensure something is understood by all)
  ‘I’d like to make it clear that all new staff are expected to attend our weekly meetings.’

FOOD & DRINK

• Make a cake (= Bake a cake)
  ‘My mum makes me a cake for my birthday every year.’
• Make spaghetti (= Cook spaghetti, could also mean to make it from raw ingredients)
  ‘The Italians make the world’s most fantastic fresh spaghetti!’ (Make from scratch)
  ‘I’m making spaghetti for dinner. Would you like some?’ (Cooking)
• Make a cup of tea (= Brew tea, make a cuppa)
  ‘Work has been an absolute nightmare today! Make me a nice cuppa, would you?’
• Make a snack (= Prepare a snack)
  ‘Dave was supposed to be on a diet, but I found him in the kitchen making a snack!’
• Make a meal (= Cook a meal, make breakfast/lunch/dinner)
  ‘Would you mind making some meals for my granddad while I’m away on holiday?’
  ‘I’ll make dinner tonight if you make breakfast tomorrow morning, ok?’

In British English, we say ‘make a meal of (something)’ to mean: do it very badly. For example, ‘I asked John to fix the back door, but he made a complete meal of it!’ – the result might be that now the door is broken or needs to be fixed by a professional.

MONEY & WORK

• Make money (= Earn money)
  ‘I heard that if you start your own business, you can make some serious money!’
  ‘There are many ways to make money. Robbing a bank is just one of them!’
• Make a bid (= Compete to buy at auction/tender, attempt to get)
  ‘Our company made a bid on a large commercial property at an auction last week.’
  ‘Our charity is in the process of making a bid for additional government grants.’
• Make a trade (= Perform stock market operation, exchange)
  ‘With current stock market volatility, it’s hard to know exactly when to make a trade.’
• Make a loss (= Loose money in a business context)
  ‘If a company makes a loss, it can be in danger of running up debts or going bankrupt.’
• Make a profit (= Gain money in a business context)
  ‘If our firm makes a profit this year, I will get a 10% bonus!’
• Make a fortune (= Become rich by earning money)
  ‘I friend of mine has recently made a fortune in the property business.’
• Make an investment (= Put in capital in order to gain profit later)
  ‘Our company has made several key investments in the Middle East this year.’
• Make a living (= Earn enough money to cover expenses)
  ‘How do British expats make a living in Spain if they don’t speak the language?’
• Make a name for yourself (= Form a reputation)
  ‘Jessica has really made a name for herself. You should see her sales figures this quarter!’
• Make a law (= Set a rule, introduce new legislation)
  ‘The government has made a law to stop people smoking in the workplace.’
• Make room/way (= Accommodate, compromise to make something fit)
  ‘I’m super busy this week! Any chance you could make room for me on the 16th?’
  ‘Several older members of staff have been fired to make way for the new recruits.’
• Make a payment (= Pay for something)
  ‘I need to make a payment using a business debit card, but your website isn’t working!’

HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS

• Make (someone) smile/laugh (= Cause to smile or laugh)
  ‘John’s a funny guy! When we’re down the pub, he always makes me laugh.’
• Make (someone) happy/sad/angry (= Cause to feel)
  ‘The council’s decision to close the library has made local residents really angry.’
• Make amends (= Make reparations, rectify a wrongdoing)
  ‘Do you think convicted murderers can ever make amends for their crimes?’

When learning collocations and phrasal verbs, write down all the possible prepositions and particles they can take. For example, if you know that the correct form is ‘to make amends FOR something’, then you will not make mistakes like ‘amends to’ or ‘amends on’. Errors often appear where the English usage is different from that in your native language.

• Make love (= Have sexual intercourse with someone you care about)
  ‘Police in Thailand have arrested two British tourists for making love on the beach!’

NOTE: It is a common mistake to say ‘make sex’. The correct form is ‘have sex’ or ‘make love’.

• Make a move (= Make a pass at someone, also ‘leave’ in slang)
  ‘Martin really likes Sally, but he’s too shy to make a move (on her).’
  ‘It’s already 1am! Shall we make a move?’(Leave, go)
• Make a good impression (= Show your best side)
  ‘When you go on a first date, it’s important to make a good impression (on the person).’
• Make a promise (= Swear to do something, give your word)
  ‘When I was a kid, I made a promise to my mum. Now I still clean my room once a week!’
• Make friends (= Become friends with someone)
  ‘Maggie’s really outgoing so she makes friends easily at home and abroad.’
• Make a commitment (= Accept responsibility, form a binding relationship)
  ‘I really love my boyfriend, but we’ve got no future if he can’t make a commitment.’

NOTE: In the context of relationships, a ‘commitment’ could be any of the following: agreeing to only date one person, moving in with your partner, making long-term plans together, considering marriage.

• Make a fool of yourself (= Embarrass yourself by saying or doing the wrong thing)
  ‘The goalkeeper made a fool of himself by throwing the ball into his own net!’

• Make war/peace (= Start/stop conflict)
  ‘Some countries make war, while others make peace.’ 
• Make an example of (= Punish one person to discourage others from doing the same)
  ‘Jon was late for school again so the teacher decided to make an example of him.’
• Make fun of (= Joke about someone or something)
  ‘Can you please stop teasing your sister? She doesn’t like it when you make fun of her! ’ 

• Make trouble (= Create a problem for others, antagonise)
  ‘On match days, football fans are often blamed for making trouble in the city.’

PLANNING & CHOICES

• Make the best/most of (= Take advantage, seize the opportunity, tolerate)
  ‘Ronaldo made the most of the defender’s mistake and rounded the goalkeeper to score.’
  ‘Tomorrow’s weather isn’t great for our walk, but we’ll just have to make the most of it.’

A funny example of a confusing expression in English is ‘to make do’? This expression uses ‘make’ and ‘do’! It means: to cope or manage with few resources or to get by with what you have.

• Make a decision (= Decide, choose, come to a conclusion)
  ‘Are you coming with us to Spain? You really need to make a decision by next weekend.’

• Make (something) happen (= Cause to happen)
  ‘The authorities still don’t know what made this terrible tragedy happen.’
  ‘We’ve only got 24 hours to complete this project. Let’s make it happen, people!’

• Make up your mind (= Decide on something, choose)
  ‘Michelle is still dating two different guys because she can’t make up her mind!’ 

• Make an exception (= Allow a rule to be broken due to special circumstances)
  ‘We don’t usually allow babies in the pool, but I’ll ask if we can make an exception.’ 

• Make an attempt (= Try to do something)
  ‘Mike made an attempt to look interested, but physics wasn’t really his subject.’

• Make a judgement (= Analyse a situation, give an opinion)
  ‘It is difficult to make objective judgements about foreign policy issues.’ 

• Make an effort (= Work hard to achieve a goal, attempt)
  ‘You need to make an effort if you want to pass your exams this summer!’

• Make progress (= Advance, develop)
  ‘I really feel like I’m making progress with my book. It should be ready to publish soon!’
• Make a plan (= Agree on a course of action)
  ‘If you want to be successful in business, then first you need to make a plan.’

• Make time (= Set aside time for something/someone)
  ‘I’d love to go to the gym, but I just can’t make time at the moment!’
  ‘Work’s been taking over recently! I really need to make more time for my kids.’ 

• Make a difference (= Have an effect on)
  ‘Curtis is so stubborn! You can try to persuade him, but it won’t make any difference.’
  ‘I want to find a job where I can make a difference to people’s lives.’
• Make a change (= Start something new, change your life or behaviour)
  ‘I’ve been living in London for 2 years, but now I feel it’s time to make a change.’
• Make sure/certain (= Ensure something is as it should be)
  ‘Make sure you take your passport to the airport. Don’t forget it like you did last time!’

DAILY ROUTINE

• Make the bed (= Make fit for use/sleep, tidy up)
  ‘I’ll make the bed if you go downstairs and make breakfast.’

• Make a mess (= Create an untidy, dirty or disorganised situation)
  ‘If you give kids brushes and paint, they are bound to make a mess!’
  ‘My boss has made a total mess of this paperwork! I’ll have to do it all again tomorrow.’

PHYSICAL OBJECTS & PRODUCTION

• Make a dress (= Create or sew a dress)‘
  My friend Gill made her own wedding dress and it looked fantastic!’ 
• Make furniture (= Create furniture through carpentry or woodwork)‘
  My grandfather used to make furniture for a living. These days it’s all made in factories.’
• Make a copy (= Duplicate, create a copy of something)
  ‘I love this album! Can you make me a copy?’ 
• Make a new product (= Invent, think up)
  ‘Apple is always making new products. That’s what makes it such a great tech company.’
• Make steel wire (= Manufacture)
  ‘This factory used to make steel wire, but it closed due to competition from overseas.’
• Make a fire (= Build and light a fire)
  ‘When trying to survive in the wilderness, the first thing to do is make a fire.’

MIND & IMAGINATION

• Make a wish (= Will something to happen, hope something will come true)
  ‘When you blow out the candles on your birthday cake, don’t forget to make a wish!’’

• Make believe (= Imaginary, fantasy, ideal but not real)
  ‘The government has promised to invest in public services, but that’s just make believe!’
  ‘Alice in Wonderland is a children’s book that is set in a make-believe world.’ (Adjective)

• Make sense (= Be sensible, reasonable, understood)
  ‘I don’t think it makes sense to earn a lot of money if you then have no time to enjoy it.’
  ‘Did you have a bit to drink last night? You weren’t making any sense on the phone!’ 

• Make a discovery (= Find something new, invent, realise)
  ‘Scientists from NASA have made a new discovery on Mars!’

Watch out for collocations that allow the use of ‘make’ AND ‘do’. These are rare, but you should learn them. For example, ‘Do a presentation’ (conduct/perform) vs. ‘Make a presentation’ (same meaning, or emphasises its creation) or ‘make the bed’ (Standard English) vs. ‘do the bed’ (colloquial).

APPOINTMENTS & TRAVEL

• Make a visit (Go to, travel to)
  ‘The Queen will make a state visit to France while she is in Europe.’ 

• Make a booking/reservation (= Reserve a place)
  ‘I’d like to make a reservation. Do you have any availability on Sunday the 25^th at 7pm?’

• Make an appointment (= Schedule an individual consultation or meeting)
  ‘All patients wishing to make an appointment should phone to book in advance.’ 

• Make arrangements (= Organise or plan something)
  ‘I’ve made arrangements for the kids to stay with my parents over the weekend.’

• Make a cancellation (= Annul a previous booking or appointment)
  ‘Hello, I’m phoning to make a cancellation. My order number is…’

• Make a list (= Have an agenda of tasks)
  ‘My wife has made a list of all the things I’ve done wrong. As you can imagine, it’s quite long!’

• Make a journey (= Travel somewhere)
  ‘To raise money for charity, Jan is planning to make a journey from the UK to Mongolia!’

• Make it (= Get to a place, attend)
  ‘I’m really busy next weekend, but I’ll do my best to make it to the party!’
  ‘I’m afraid I’m not going to make it back in time for dinner.’(Get home)

NOTE: We can also use ‘make’ to mean: get into or deserve a place in. For example, ‘John made the first team’ (won a place in the team through his performance) or ‘The car accident made the headlines’ (was included in the news). John did not create or form the team, nor did the car accident write the headlines.

Collocations with DO

DAILY ROUTINE

• Do the dishes/washing/ironing (= Wash the dishes, wash and iron clothes)
  ‘I really hate doing the dishes, but I don’t mind mowing the lawn.’

• Do housework (= Perform routine cleaning/tidying around the house)
  ‘Women still do the majority of housework in the UK, and that’s not fair!’

• Do the shopping (= Buy food and household goods)
  ‘We do the shopping once a week at a large supermarket.’

• Do it yourself (= DIY, perform amateur repairs or renovation work yourself)
  ‘I only learned to do DIY when I bought my first house. It needed a lot of work!’

• Do your nails (= Have a manicure)
  ‘Do you do your own nails or do you go to a beauty salon?’

• Do your makeup (= Put on cosmetics)
  ‘How long does it take for you to do your makeup in the morning?’

• Do 60 miles per hour (= Drive or travel at 60 mph)
  ‘When I commute to London, I want to be doing 70 (mph), but I’m usually stuck in traffic!’

STUDY & THOUGHT

• Do maths/biology/English (= Study a subject)
  ‘What’s your son doing at school now? Mine is doing A-Level Maths and Biology?’

• Do homework (= Complete tasks given by your teacher)
  ‘When I was at school, all the kids used to do their homework on the bus in the morning!’

• Do an exercise (= Complete a study or training task)
  ‘The Biology teacher asked us to do an exercise from the textbook.’

• Do a crossword (= Complete a crossword puzzle)
  ‘I like doing crosswords on the train.’

• Do a quiz (= Play a game in which you have to answer questions on a topic)
  ‘My parents do a quiz at the local pub every Wednesday night.’

• Do a translation (= Convert from one language to another)
  ‘On the final exam, you have to do a translation from French into English.’

• Do research (= Investigate a topic, study in depth)
  ‘British cancer specialists are currently doing research into cell regeneration.’

• Do some studying (= Learn something, revise)
  ‘I really need to do some studying because I’m behind on my uni work!’
• Do an essay (= Complete an assignment)
  ‘Will I have to do any essays as part of the English course?’
• Do a test/exam (= Evaluate, check knowledge)
  ‘I disagree with scientists doing tests on lab rats. It’s so cruel!’
  ‘Are you doing your exams this week or next?’
• Do a task (= Solve a problem, perform a job)
  ‘The teacher asked us to do a task on reading comprehension.’
• Do a course (= Attend a class or study programme)
  ‘If I have time, I’d like to do a Spanish course abroad next summer.’

The word ‘do’ can be used informally as a noun in British English when referring to a social event or party. For example, ‘Are you going to Mike’s birthday do next Saturday?’ or ‘There’s a do on at the local (pub) this weekend, if you fancy it.’

CRIMINAL

• Do a robbery (= Commit an armed theft)
  ‘The police were unaware that the gang was planning to do a robbery in the area.’

• Do time (= Spend time in prison)
  ‘I guy I used to go to school with is now doing time for murder.’

• Do drugs (= Take illegal narcotics)
  ‘At British schools they teach teenagers about the dangers of doing drugs.’

• Do a raid (= Police attack to arrest criminals)
  ‘The police did a raid on a local warehouse early this morning.’

SPORTS & HOBBIES

• Do sport (= Engage in sports, USA = ‘play sports’)
  ‘How often do kids do sport at your school?’ (Informal)

• Do exercise (= Train physically)
  ‘Doctors recommend you do some active physical exercise every day.

• Do Karate/Judo (= Train in martial arts)
  ‘I used to do karate when I was a uni, but I don’t have time these days.’

• Do gymnastics/ballet/yoga (= Perform or practise gymnastics/ballet/yoga)
  ‘My mum’s really active! She does yoga on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.’

• Do Athletics (= Train in athletics)
  ‘I hated doing athletics at school. Now I won’t even watch the Olympics!’

• Do a drawing (= Sketch or draw something)
  ‘My daughter did a beautiful drawing for me so I put it up on the wall at work.’

• Do a dance (= Show your dance moves, perform a dance)
  ‘When I win a new contract a work, I always do a little victory dance for my colleagues!’

• Do a number (= Perform a live act)
  ‘Harry did a great number at the charity talent show. I never knew he could juggle!’

NOTE: Football, rugby, cricket, basketball, tennis, etc. usually to take ‘play’ and not ‘do’.

WORK & BUSINESS

• What do you do? (= What is your job?)
  ‘I work for a large law firm. What do you do (for a living)?’
• Do business (= Trade, buy or sell)
  ‘Doing business internationally can be a real challenge.’
  ‘Our company mostly does business with local suppliers.’

In Spanish, both ‘make’ and ‘do’ can be translated as the single word ‘HACER’. Does your native language have a distinction between ‘make’ and ‘do’? Perhaps these concepts are expressed in a different way than in English.

• Do work (= Carry out a job or task)
  ‘Can you please stop distracting me? I really need to do some work this afternoon!’

• Do a deal (= Agree a contract or arrangement)
  ‘I heard you’re doing a deal with Sony. That’s great news for the company!’

• Do a project (= Execute a planned set of tasks)
  ‘Our firm is doing a joint project with a company from Holland.’

• Do your job (= Perform your work-related tasks)
  ‘If you do your job well, you can expect a nice bonus at the end of the year.’

• Do an operation (= Perform a surgical procedure)
  ‘Doctor Pearce was in theatre doing an operation so I called another member of staff.’

• Do an experiment (= Carry out an experiment)
  ‘We’re doing an experiment at work to examine the effects of stress on productivity.’

• Do paperwork (= Carry out bureaucratic admin tasks)
  ‘I’m responsible for doing most of the paperwork in our family business.’

• Do the accounts/books (= Perform accounting work)
  ‘I’m no good with numbers so I get an accountant to do my books once a year.’

• Do a talk (= Give a public presentation or speech)
  ‘Our local school has invited me in to do a talk about career opportunities in London.’

• Do a presentation (= Conduct a formal talk on a subject)
  ‘I’m super nervous because I have to do a presentation at our next conference.’

• Do overtime (= Stay late to work more)
  ‘Julie is off sick so I have to do overtime all this week to cover for her.’

ACTIONS: GOOD, BAD & GENERAL

• Do your best (= Try your hardest)
  ‘I know you didn’t have enough time to revise for the exam, but just do your best!’
• Do good (= Perform an act of kindness, be of benefit to your health)
  ‘Charities in Africa think they’re doing good, but perhaps that’s not always the case.’
  ‘You should get out in the fresh air more. It would do you good!’

The noun ‘do-gooder’ is a negative term for a person who tries to help others, but is seen to be an interfering nuisance. We can also use the funny expression ‘goodie-two-shoes’ about a person who tries to be good and follow the rules all the time!

• Do the right thing (= Act in a morally correct way)
  ‘Divorces are never easy, but I’m sure you’ll both do the right thing by your kids.’

• Do your duty (= Fulfil your responsibility)
  ‘Soldiers need to do their duty to their country in times of war.’

• Do a favour (= Help another person)
  ‘Can you do me a big favour and pick the kids up from school tomorrow?’

• Do something right/wrong (= Carry out an action correctly/incorrectly)
  ‘You must have done something wrong because now the computer isn’t working at all.’
  ‘Beautiful wife, smart kids, great job…you must be doing something right!’ (In life)

• Do well/badly (= Perform well/badly)
  ‘Mary did well in her exams, but her brother did badly (in his exams).’ 

• Do harm (= Hurt, injure)
  ‘It wouldn’t do you any harm to help me with the housework once in a while!’ 

• Do damage (= Harm someone or something)
  ‘The accident did some serious damage to the side of my car!’

• Do a lot (= Perform frequently, make a valuable contribution)
  ‘George does a lot for the local community through his volunteer work.’
  ‘Do you do a lot of cycling during the week?’

• Do the (bare) minimum (= Put minimum effort into something)
  ‘When it comes to tidying the office, my colleagues always do the bare minimum!’

• Do it to the max (= Put maximum effort into something, enjoy to the full)
  ‘If you only go clubbing once a year, then you might as well do it to the max!’

• Do anything (= Perform any action, sacrifice it all)
  ‘Honestly, I haven’t done anything! It was all Lucy’s fault.’
  ‘I would do literally anything to meet Brad Pitt!’

• Do everything (= Complete all tasks, try your hardest)
  ‘I promise to do everything I can to help.’

• Do nothing (= Be idle, ignore)
  ‘My favourite hobby is doing nothing.’

Phrasal verbs with make and do

Phrasal verbs with MAKE

MAKE UP

a) Imagine, think up, invent, lie

‘If you don’t know the answer, then just make one up!’
‘I really believed my son’s story about the broken window, but he had just made it up.’

b) Make peace after an argument, reconcile

‘I had an argument with my wife, but we’ve made up now.’
‘Has Mike made up with Chloe? I know they had a fight last week.’

c) Decide, choose (make up one’s mind)

‘There’s so much choice that I can’t make up my mind which ice cream to get!’
‘Will you please make up your mind? We haven’t got all day!’

d) Constitute, consist of (scientific/formal)

‘A car engine is made up of many different components.’
‘This social committee is made up of 12 community representatives.’

In everyday conversation, it is more common to say ‘made of’. For example, ‘What’s your guitar made of – wood or fibre glass?’. We can also move the material type into the adjective position, as in: ‘wooden guitar’ or ‘glass vase’. Only use ‘made up of’ in scientific or formal contexts.

e) Compensate for, add missing money/time

‘If you pay your share of the bill, then I will make up the difference.’
‘I was off work with a cold last week so now I’m making up the time by staying late.’
‘Sorry I didn’t get to your birthday! I promise I’ll make it up to you next time I’m in town.’
‘If I make a mistake a work, then I always try to make up for it after.’

f) Put on cosmetics

‘June liked to make herself up before going to the theatre.’
‘My girlfriend won’t leave the house without putting her makeup on!’ (Noun)

g) Prepare a room or bed for a guest

‘Robert’s coming to stay tomorrow so we need to make up the spare room.’
‘Have you made (up) the guest bed for Robert yet?’

MAKE OUT

a) Understand, comprehend (with difficulty)

‘She couldn’t make out what he was saying (due to the noise).’
‘Steve is such a weird guy! I just can’t make him out.’
‘Why are English trains always late? I just can’t make it out!
‘I could just about make out her writing, even though the letter was old and faded.’

b) Complete and sign over to

‘Richard made the cheque out to his son.’
‘The old man made out a will to his next of kin.’

c) Pretend, give a false impression

‘Some famous rappers make out they are real gangsters.’
‘The art thief made out that the fake copy was an original.’

d) Engage in sexual activity or intercourse (USA, informal)

‘The young couple were making out in the car when the police arrived.’

MAKE OF

Think, understand, conclude

‘I’m not sure what to make of this!’ (I don’t know what to conclude, don’t understand it)
‘What do you make of this student’s poor attendance?’ (What is your opinion?)

MAKE OFF

Leave quietly, escape with a stolen item

‘We caught a brief glimpse of the tiger before it made off into the dark jungle.’
‘The burglar made off with a flat screen TV and some cash.’

MAKE INTO

Change into, turn into, transform

‘We plan to make our attic into an art studio.’
‘Worrying about your problems all the time will make you into a nervous wreck!’

MAKE OVER

a) Transfer ownership

‘I will make this house over to you before I die.’

b) Remodel, improve the appearance of something or someone

‘On the TV dating show, the 3 contestants were given a free makeover.’ (Noun)
‘Our house is in a bad condition, but we plan to make it over.’ (USA)

MAKE FOR

Go towards, try to escape

‘If you make for the valley, then you’ll be back at the campsite by nightfall.’
‘The frightened kitten made for the door, but it was closed.’

Phrasal verbs with DO

DO UP

a) Improve condition of, renovate

‘We’ve bought a new house, but need to do it up before we can move in.
‘They really should do up the local school! It has been neglected for years.’

If you are buying a house in the UK, you can save a lot of money by choosing a “doer-upper”. This is a slang term for a house that you need to ‘do up’ or renovate. Properties like this are usually much cheaper, but require some hard work and investment.

b) Fasten, close

‘It’s getting cold. Do up your coat!’
‘We’re not driving anywhere until you do your seatbelt up!’

DO OUT

Fix up, renovate, decorate

‘They’ve had their kitchen done out in green tiles and marble worktops.’

DO OUT OF

Take away unfairly, prevent someone receiving what is rightfully theirs

‘Maggie’s relatives have secretly done her out of a large inheritance.’

DO WITH

Relate to, be connected with

‘I think tectonic plates have something to do with earthquakes, don’t they?’
‘Can you please mind your own business? This has nothing to do with you!’

DO WITHOUT

Continue or live without something or someone

‘I’ve had my dog Sammy for 10 years. Now I just can’t do without him!’
‘If you don’t want to eat what I’ve cooked, then you can just do without!’ (Not eat anything)

DO OVER

a) Repeat, do again

‘This assignment is no good at all! You’ll have to do it over.’ (USA)

b) Beat up

‘The thief claims that the police did him over in his cell.’

DO DOWN

Belittle, criticise, put down

‘I don’t think my boss likes me. He’s always trying to do me down!’
Note: ‘Put down’ is more common in British English.

DO AWAY WITH

Get rid of, abolish, remove

‘They are doing away with diesel cars. In the future, no one will manufacture them.’
‘The UK government has voted to do away with fox hunting.’
 

Practice tips and links to exercises

In this guide, you have seen over 160 combinations (collocations and phrasal verbs) with the words ‘make’ and ‘do’. However, learning them all is easier said than done! Try the following tips and exercises to help you remember the most commonly used expressions.

Tips to help you learn make vs. do collocations

1. KNOW THE BASICS: If something physical or abstract is being created, then ‘make’ is the likely choice. If the context focuses on the performance of a repetitive process, then ‘do’ may be preferable.
2. HIT THE BOOKS: Textbooks like the Phrasal Verbs in Use series (Cambridge) and Practical English Usage (M. Swan) provide clear explanations and exercises on phrasal verbs and collocations. These are good books to have in your personal English library.
3. LEARN OVER TIME: Be selective with your choice of collocations and phrasal verbs. Only learn expressions that you are likely to use regularly when speaking, reading and writing in English. Learn a few new combinations each week and build your vocabulary over time for the best results.
4. ASK A NATIVE: Not sure whether to use ‘make’ or ‘do’? Not clear on the meaning of a collocation or phrasal verb? Try asking a native speaker for assistance! This could be your English teacher, a friend or a member of an ESL group on Facebook.
5. CORRECT YOUR MISTAKES: If you want to improve your fluency in English, then you need to become your own best critic! This means analysing your errors and asking questions about why your English is sometimes wrong. Whenever you make a mistake, write it down, find the correct form and make an effort to learn it!

Exercises to help you practise with ‘make’ and ‘do’

Perfect-English-Grammar.com has four sets of multiple choice exercises dedicated to the differences between ‘make’ and ‘do’. Well worth a look!

BBC Learning English has some basic explanations, followed by a multiple choice list of short exercises to help you test your understanding of make vs. do.

Cambridge English has an interesting interactive set of exercises. These ask you to select ‘make’ or ‘do’ for each example. The correct answer is then displayed.

BusinessEnglishResources.com has a wide range of free materials on topics related to business English. These include one page of exercises on the difference between ‘make’ and ‘do’ in a work context.

Alex Jude —
ESL Specialist & CEO at Online Teachers UK.

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Глаголы do и make входят в десятку самых употребительных английских глаголов. Они часто используются в разговорных выражениях, описывающих повседневные действия, например: do dishes — мыть посуду, make decision — принимать решение и др. Мы рассмотрим основные выражения с do и make, а также разницу между этими словами.

Читайте также: «Упражнения на глаголы make и do с ответами и переводом».

Содержание:

• В чем разница между do и make?
• Выражения с глаголом do.
• Выражения с глаголом make.
• Другие случаи употребления do и make.

Оба глагола можно перевести как «делать», но их значение шире, чем значение глагола «делать» в русском языке, они покрывают большее количество случаев. Основное смысловое различие между ними такое:

• Make — это «делать» в значении «создавать, сотворять что-то».
• Do — это «делать» в значении «выполнять действие, операцию, работу».

Рассмотрим различия немного подробнее.

Значение глагола MAKE

У глагола make основное значение — создание чего-то, сотворение, изготовление, особенно еды и напитков.

I made this sandwich for you. — Я приготовил для тебя этот сэндвич.

My brother made a wooden sword. — Мой брат сделал деревянный меч.

This vase is made of glass. — Эта ваза сделана из стекла.

Значение глагола DO

У глагола do три основных значения.

1. Выполнение работы, операции, физического усилия, задачи.

Do what you have to do. — Делай, что должен.

I’m doing the ironing. — Я глажу вещи.

2. Выполнение неопределенного действия, выраженного словами something, nothing, thing, anything.

Looks like you’re doing nothing. — Похоже, ты ничего не делаешь (ничем не занят).

We have got to do something to help them. — Мы должны что-нибудь сделать, чтобы помочь им.

He did some crazy thing in school. — Он сделал какую-то безумную вещь в школе (не сотворил вещь руками, а «выкинул фокус»).

3. Замена другого, более длинного глагола, который понятен из контекста.

Особенно часто происходит в разговорной речи, склонной к краткости и упрощению. Чаще всего это относится к бытовым повседневным действиям.

It’s your turn to do (wash) dishes. — Твоя очередь мыть посуду.

I’ll do (wash) the car but you do (clean) the bathroom. — Я помою машину, но уберешься в ванной.

My mom is doing the laundry (washing). — Моя мама занята стиркой.

Однако в некоторых устойчивых выражениях do и make используются без всякой логики. Эти выражения нужно просто запомнить — их не так уж много, а запоминаются они легко из-за того, что часто встречаются в речи и текстах.

Выражения с глаголом DO

• do somebody a favour — оказывать кому-то услугу (одолжение)

Can you do me a favour? — Не мог бы ты сделать мне одолжение?

• do business — вести дела (бизнес)

Never do business with your friends. — Никогда не ведите дела с друзьями.

• do chores — делать работу по дому

I need to do some chores this evening. — Мне нужно сделать вечером кое-какие дела по дому.

• do damage — наносить повреждения

The storm had done a lot of damage to my house. — Шторм нанес большие повреждения моему дому.

• do one’s duty — выполнять долг

Always do your duty. — Всегда выполняй свой долг.

• do harm — наносить вред

I spilt coffee on my suit and tried to clean it, but I did more harm than good. — Я пролил кофе на костюм и попытался вытереть его, но причинил больше вреда, чем пользы.

• do one’s job — выполнять работу

I was just doing my job. — Я всего лишь делал свою работу.

• do one’s best — стараться изо всех сил

Don’t try to be perfect. Just do your best. — Не пытайся быть совершенством, просто старайся изо всех сил.

• do one’s hair — причесываться (делать прическу)

My wife spends ages doing her hair in the morning. — Моя жена целую вечность проводит за прической по утрам.

• do one’s teeth — чистить зубы

You should do your teeth twice a day. — Тебе следует чистить зубы дважды в день.

• do one’s bed — заправлять постель

Don’t you want to do your bed? — А ты не хочешь заправить свою постель?

• do the cleaning — убираться

My roommate listens to the radio while she does the cleaning. — Моя соседка по комнате слушает радио, когда делает уборку.

• do the dishes — мыть посуду

I didn’t hear you, I was doing the dishes. — Я не слышал тебя, я мыл посуду.

• do one’s homework — делать домашнюю работу (уроки)

Do your homework first, then watch TV. — Сделай сначала домашнюю работу, а потом смотри телевизор.

• do the ironing — гладить одежду

I can’t do the ironing without an iron. — Я не могу гладить без утюга.

• do the laundry — стирать вещи

Every Saturday we do the laundry. — Каждую субботу мы устраиваем стирку.

• do the shopping — ходить за покупками

I’ll do the shopping tomorrow. — Я схожу за покупками завтра.

• do one’s time — сидеть в тюрьме

Where did he do his time? — Где он сидел?

• do well badly — преуспевать плохо справляться

My sister is doing well at work. — Моя сестра хорошо справляется на работе.

• do … km per hour — ехать со скоростью … кмчас

Never do more than 40 kmh through this town. It’s dangerous. — Никогда не ездите в этом городе быстрее 40 км/ч. Это опасно.

Выражения с глаголом MAKE

• make an appointment — назначить встречу, прием

I made an appointment with the dentist. — Я записался на прием у дантиста.

• make arrangements — готовиться, делать приготовления

We’re going to go on holiday in September. Let’s make some arrangements. I’ll find a hotel, and you can look at flights. — В сентябре мы собираемся в отпуск. Давай сделаем приготовления. Я найду отель, а ты посмотри рейсы.

• make an attempt — предпринять попытку (попытаться)

Just make another attempt. — Просто попытайся еще раз.

• make certain — прояснить, убедиться (сделать понятным)

I guess the bank is open but let’s make certain. Do you have their phone number? — Думаю, банк открыт, но давай проясним (убедимся). У тебя есть их телефон?

• make a change — внести изменение

Who made a change to the document? — Кто внес изменение в документ?

• make a choice — сделать выбор

What’s your future profession? You have to make a choice. — Какая твоя будущая профессия? Ты должен сделать выбор.

• make a date — назначить свидание

I’d love to see you again. How about if we make a date for next week? — Я бы хотел встретиться с тобой еще раз. Как насчет того чтобы назначить свидание на следующей неделе?

• make a decision — принять решение

Are you sure you made a decision? — Ты уверен, что принял решение?

• make a difference — быть важным, менять дело

It doesn’t make a difference whether he comes to the meeting or not. — Не имеет значения, придет он на собрание или нет.

• make an effort — приложить усилие

You can’t succeed without making an effort. — Ты не сможешь преуспеть, не прилагая усилий.

• make a mistake — совершить ошибку

I’m afraid I made several mistakes in my report. Can I rewrite it? — Боюсь, что я сделал несколько ошибок в докладе. Можно я его перепишу?

• make an exception —  сделать исключение

Can you make an exception for us? — Вы можете сделать для нас исключение?

• make fun of — смеяться над чем-то (кем-то)

Don’t make fun of me! — Не смейся надо мной!

• make an impression — произвести впечатление

You never get a second ce to make a first impression. — У вас не будет второго шанса произвести первое впечатление.

• make a list — составить список

Make a shopping list and you’ll save a lot of money. — Составь список покупок и сбережешь много денег.

• make money — зарабатывать

I figured out a way to make money! — Я придумала способ заработать денег!

• make a noise — шуметь

Dear Neighbour, please try not to make a noise. This is the last warning. — Дорогой сосед, пожалуйста постарайся не шуметь. Это последнее предупреждение.

• make a scene —  устроить (закатить) сцену

They made a scene in the restaurant and demanded to speak to the manager. — Они устроили сцену в ресторане и потребовали менеджера (поговорить с менеджером).

• make sure —  убедиться

Make sure you have a plenty of water. The heat is killing. — Убедись, что взял много воды. Жара смертельная.

• make time — найти время для чего-то

I know you are busy but you need to make time to study. — Я знаю, что вы заняты, но вам нужно найти время для учебы.

• make trouble — создавать неприятности

The guy is trying to make trouble. He had better go home. — Парень хочет устроить проблемы. Лучше бы ему пойти домой.

• make a living — зарабатывать на жизнь

This is a decent way to make a living. — Это достойный способ зарабатывать на жизнь.

• make a fortune — заработать состояние

I don’t read «how to make a fortune» books. — Я не читаю книги о том, как разбогатеть.

• make excuses — оправдываться

It’s too late to make excuses. — Слишком поздно оправдываться.

• make sense — иметь смысл

It doesn’t make any sense! — Это бессмысленно!

• make friends — заводить друзей

It’s harder to make friends when you are grown-up. — Труднее заводить друзей, когда ты взрослый.

• make a phone call — позвонить по телефону

Can I make a phone call? — Могу я сделать телефонный звонок?

• make a promise — давать обещание

If you make a promise, keep it. — Если дал обещание, сдержи его.

Другие случаи употребления Do и Make

Все вышеуказанное относится к употреблению глаголов do и make в значении «делать». Однако они могут употребляться и по-другому.

• Глагол do может использоваться как вспомогательный, то есть для построения сложных форм, например при построении вопроса или отрицания:

Do you like this music? — Тебе нравится эта музыка?

I did not buy any candies. — Я не купил конфет.

В этом случае глагол do не имеет самостоятельного значения, а только служит для построения конструкции.

• Глагол make может употребляться в значении «заставлять делать что-то». Схема следующая: make + объект действия + инфинитив (без to).

Don’t make me cry. — Не заставляй меня плакать.

What makes you think so? — Что заставляет тебя так думать?

I’ll make you regret your decision. — Я заставлю тебя пожалеть о твоем решении.

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