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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, also known as MEDAL, was first published in 2002 by Macmillan Education. MEDAL is an advanced learner’s dictionary and shares most of the features of this type of dictionary: it provides definitions in simple language, using a controlled defining vocabulary; most words have example sentences to illustrate how they are typically used; and information is given about how words combine grammatically or in collocations. MEDAL also introduced a number of innovations.[1][2] These include:
- ‘collocation boxes’ giving lists of high-frequency collocates, identified using Sketch Engine software[3]
- word frequency information, with the most frequent 7500 English words shown in red and categorised in three frequency bands, based on the idea, derived from Zipf’s law, that a relatively small number of high-frequency words account for a high percentage of most texts[4]
- ‘metaphor boxes’, showing how the vocabulary used for expressing common concepts (such as ‘anger’) tends to reflect a common metaphorical framework. This is based on George Lakoff’s ideas of conceptual metaphor[5]
- a 50-page section providing guidance on writing academic English, based on a collaboration with the Centre for English Corpus Linguistics in Louvain, Belgium and using the Centre’s learner corpus data[6]
The Macmillan English Dictionary also exists as an electronic dictionary, available free on the Web. Like most online dictionaries,[7] it benefits from being able to update content regularly with new words and meanings. In addition to the dictionary, the online version has a thesaurus function enabling users to find synonyms for any word, phrase or meaning.[8] There is also a blog (the Macmillan Dictionary Blog) with daily postings on language issues, especially on global English and language change.[9] An «Open Dictionary»[10] allows users to provide their own dictionary entries for new words they have come across. The online edition has been recognised as a good example of this emerging genre of reference publishing.[11]
Editions[edit]
[edit]
- Macmillan Essential Dictionary, a shorter version that contains the most basic vocabulary (over 45,000 headwords)
References[edit]
- ^ Bogaards, Paul. Review article, International Journal of Lexicography, 16/1, 2003: 43–55
- ^ Bejoint, H. The Lexicography of English. Oxford University Press, 2010: 186–189
- ^ Kilgarriff, A. & Rundell, M. Lexical profiling software and its lexicographic applications – a case study. In Braasch and Povlsen (Eds.) Proceedings of the Tenth Euralex Congress, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. 2004, 807–818.
- ^ I.S.P. Nation, Learning Vocabulary in Another Language, Cambridge University Press 2001, 13–17
- ^ Moon, R. On specifying metaphor: an idea and its implementation. International Journal of Lexicography, 17(2), 2004: 195–222
- ^ Gilquin, G., Granger, S. & Paquot, M. Learner corpora: The missing link in EAP pedagogy. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 6, 2007, 319–335
- ^ Bejoint, H. The Lexicography of English Oxford University Press, 2010: 373–374
- ^ Edemariam, Aida. «Online dictionaries: which is best?». The Guardian. 30 August 2010
- ^ «What’s your English? 2011». Macmillan Dictionary. accessed August 24, 2011.
- ^ «Most recent entries». Open Dictionary. McMillan Dictionary. accessed August 24, 2011.
- ^ Lannoy, V. Free online dictionaries: why and how?, in Granger, S. & Paquot, M. (Eds), eLexicography in the 21st Century: New Challenges, New Applications: Proceedings of eLex 2009, Louvain, Belgium: Cahiers du Cental. 2010, 173-182
External links[edit]
- Macmillan English Dictionary Online
- Centre for English Corpus Linguistics
«This dictionary includes: a two-color dictionary created in the USA and Britain; over 100,000 references with 30,000 idioms and phrases; up-to-date information on new words, spoken English and how words are used; clear, simple explanations using only 2500 of the most common words; over 80,000 real-life spoken and written example sentences show you how and when the word is used; quick menus in long entries get you to the meaning you want — fast; special focus on the words you need most, highlighted in red; 24-page Language Awareness section on key areas such as spoken English, computer words and business English; and over 1000 illustrated words, many in two colors, plus two full-colour inserts.»—Jacket
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Reviewer:
vivek vvek
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May 22, 2020
Subject:
downloading issue
you are right usamahashmi.we have to put lot of effort and have to spend so much time to do something through adobe app. in adobe digital the file is even not uploading there. it always shows buffering when we upload anything from here. i dont know why archive is not bringing any other idea towards this because i saw adobe digital reviews in playstore, everyone is getting same problem .archive should have to bring some advance technology so that we can open borrowed books directly in PDF from here without depending on alternative apps like adobe.because none of borrowed books are useful to me without pdf,and adobe is such a irritative and waste of time.
Reviewer:
Usamahashmi
—
favorite —
April 1, 2020
Subject:
the dictionay not worked
The file is not pdf i downloadd th the adobe foles it will take 1 hour to even load two [age,and the book contains more than 4k pages,one adobe file download succcesfully,and th other adobe file high quality gave error while downloading content,,3rd zip file not not have the pdf file can you help me in getting the real pf dictionary,please your help will a lot to me
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Lotu Tii
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