This post will teach you everything you need to know about the suffix -y. Learning suffixes and prefixes is a great way to increase your English vocabulary. The suffix -y is used in many English adjectives, and a few nouns and new words are invented by native speakers all the time. The new words are made by adding the suffix -y to the end of words we already know.
In adjectives, the suffix -y means full of something or having the quality of something. (Often used with nouns)
Dusty means having lots of dust; Healthy means having the quality of health.
It can also mean that something is likely to happen. (Often with verbs)
Sticky means that something is likely to stick.
You’ll find more ways to use the suffix -y with lots of helpful examples in this post. Plus a free PDF download for you to study up line anytime. Keep reading.
Table of Contents
- How to use The English Suffix -y
- Adjectives with the Suffix -y
- Adjectives of Weather with the Suffix -y
- Adjectives of Taste/Flavor with the Suffix -y
- Nouns with the Suffix -y
- Printable Suffix -Y PDF vocabulary list
How to use The English Suffix -y
The suffix y is commonly used to make adjectives from nouns and verbs.
Noun – Dirt + y = dirty
Verb – Run + y = runny
It can also be used to make nouns like the word inquiry which comes from the verb inquire.
Verb – Inquire + y = inquiry
Dirt [noun] “My boots are covered in dirt.” | Dirty [adjective] “My boots are dirty.” |
Run [verb] “Water was running down the window.” | Runny [adjective] “These eggs are too runny. I will send them back.” |
Inquire [verb] “Several people inquired about the new job.” | Inquiry [noun] “There will be a public inquiry into government overspending.” |
*Inquire (and inquiry) is the American spelling. In the U.K. they are written enquire and enquiry.
Adjectives with the Suffix -y
Airy – Open to a free current of air; exposed to the air
- The cabin was bright and airy.
Ashy – This word is often used to describe someone’s complexion or skin color to be pale or unhealthy.
- Trevor had become very thin and his skin turned ashy.
Bulky – Big but in an awkward way
- The box was bulky and wouldn’t fit the trunk of my car. I had no choice but to pay the delivery fee.
Cheesy – Having a strong cheese flavor.
- I like this pasta dish, it’s very cheesy.
Also being too dramatic or emotional
“I didn’t like the movie, the ending was kind of cheesy.”
Cocky – Overconfident
- Milton was a good boxer but he was cocky and didn’t have many friends at the gym.
Curvy – Having curves
- She has long brown hair and a curvy figure.
Dreamy – This is often used to mean handsome or attractive
- I love the star of that show. He is dreamy!
Dusty – Covered with dust
- The attic was filled with dusty books and old furniture.
Earthy – Like soil or the earth
- The farm had an earthy smell that reminded me of my childhood.
Edgy – Often used to describe something that is on the edge between acceptable and offensive.
- The comedian was popular with young people, but his humor was a bit too edgy for an older crowd.
NEWS – Demi Lovato Releases Edgy Single ‘Skin Of My Teeth‘ LINK
Faulty – Having or displaying faults; not perfect; not adequate or acceptable
- They had to replace all the faulty wiring. It was an expensive repair.
Flowery – This adjective can mean covered or decorated with flowers.
- She wore a flowery summer dress.
It can also be used to describe writing or speech that is elaborate using many expressions and phrases. Often used in a negative way.
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I use Grammarly to help me catch these mistakes. It saves me a lot of time! It can help your English writing too. Get Grammarly for free.
- He made a flowery speech that lost most of the crowd.
Foggy – Having lots of fog
- I don’t like driving on the highway when it’s foggy.
Frosty – Of a thing, having frost on it. Of the temperature, cold
- The ground is frosty today. My lawn is mostly white.
Funny – Amusing; humorous
- That movie is so funny. It’s one of my favorites.
FAQ
Is funny an adjective?
Yes. Funny is an adjective. Like all adjectives, funny can be used in the comparative and superlative forms. Funnier and Funniest.
- The sequel was good, but part One is funnier.
- I agree. Part One is the funniest movie I have ever seen.
Strange or odd; not right
- The milk in the fridge smells funny. When did you buy it?
Furry – Covered in fur
- Many smaller, furry mammals lived during the time of the dinosaurs.
My furry friend.
Grainy – Coarsely ground or gritty. Often used to describe images/photos that are not clear.
- Astronomers tried to understand the grainy images taken by the telescope.
Gravelly – Full of, covered with, or similar to gravel or pebbles.
- We drive in silence down the long gravelly road to the cottage.
Greedy – Having greed; consumed by selfish desires.
- Some call him an inspiration while others only think of him as greedy.
Grimy – Full of or covered with grime (dirt)
- His clothes were grimy and stained with food.
Grouchy – easily upset; angry; tending to complain
- The janitor was always grouchy and in a bad mood.
Hairy – Covered with hair
- Richard was always self-conscious about his hairy back. He didn’t like to go to the beach.
Hasty – Acting with haste, quickly
- The troops made a hasty retreat in the face of the enemy numbers.
Hazy – Thick or obscured with haze (Haze is small particles of dirt, dust or moisture in the air that make it difficult to see.)
- I was happy to get out of the hazy summer weather in the city and visit the countryside for a few days.
Healthy – Having good health
- I wish everyone a happy and healthy holiday season.
Fresh vegetables are healthy.
Hungry – Having hunger
- It’s getting late. Is anyone else hungry?
Juicy – Having lots of juice
- I was very hungry so I ordered a big juicy steak with mashed potatoes.
Lazy – Not willing to do work or make an effort (From the verb LAZE)
- Joel is smart but unfortunately, he’s also lazy. This will keep him from getting a good job after college.
Loony – Crazy or very silly
- Some say he is a business genius while others call him loony.
Lucky – Having luck, being fortunate
- Terry scored the winning goal for his team in the final seconds of the game. Terry says it was a lucky shot but he is just being modest.
Learn more “LUCKY“ expressions at my blog post >> Idioms with LUCK – Do you know all 20? (PDF download)
Milky – Resembling milk in color, consistency, smell, etc.; consisting of milk
- All the girls were jealous of Vanessa’s flawless, milky skin.
Nosy/nosey – Prying, inquisitive or curious about other people’s business
- Thomas needs to mind his own business. He is too nosy sometimes.
Oily – Covered with or containing oil
- I use a special moisturizer to treat my oily skin.
Purply – Being slightly purple or having a purple hue
- Coca~Cola’s new Cherry Zero cans have a purply, blackish color that catches your attention.
Raggedy – (For clothes) Torn, ripped, or ragged. (Like rags)
- His raggedy clothes made him look like a common beggar.
Ratty – In poor condition or repair
- Is it possible to recycle my ratty old clothes?
Learn more Idioms and Expressions with rats and mice at my blog post here: 10 Common Idioms with Rats and Mice (Real example sentences)
Rocky – Having lots of rocks, being full of rocks
- There is a long stretch of beach but it’s quite rocky so you should wear running shoes.
Shady – (Of an area) Being protected from the sun
- Let’s set up our picnic in that shady spot near the big trees.
(Of a person) Not trustworthy
- Watch what you say around Donovan. He always comes off a bit shady. I don’t trust that guy.
Shiny – Having a shine
- Vanessa has flawless skin and beautiful long shiny hair. What’s her secret?
Soapy – Like soap, covered in soap, or full of soap
- The sink was full of soapy water.
Sporty – Fond of sports
- She is kind of sporty, I like that in a girl.
Or suitable for sports
- She was wearing a sporty tennis outfit.
Spotty – Having spots Or of inconsistent quality
- I couldn’t get a credit card due to my spotty credit history.
Stinky – Smelling bad
- This milk is really stinky. When did you buy it?
Wavy – Having wave-like shapes on its border or surface; waved
- Vanessa has flawless skin and beautiful long wavy hair. What’s her secret?
Witty – Full of wit; Clever and having a sharp mind; Funny
- Gary is really witty. I like talking to him.
Did you know?
The adjective happy comes from the old English noun hap which means – Happenings; events; goings-on. It was used to mean luck, chance, or fortune.
hap + -y = happy https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hap#English
The Suffix -y is used to make adjectives the same way as the Suffix -ish. You can learn more here: Your complete guide to the Suffix -ISH (Quiz/worksheet)
Adjectives of Weather with the Suffix -y
Cloudy – Covered with clouds
- It was cloudy so we decided to go to the movies instead of the beach.
OR Not transparent or clear
- The water was cloudy and not safe to drink.
Windy – Lots of wind
- Windsurfers love it when it’s warm and windy.
Rainy – Having rain
- Tomorrow will be rainy so make sure you take your umbrella.
Snowy – Covered with snow
- The snowy fields are beautiful. They are my favorite things in winter.
Stormy – Relating to storms or storm conditions
- My Dad was in the navy so he has lots of experience with stormy seas.
Sunny – With a lot of bright light from the sun
- Tomorrow will be sunny, let’s go to the beach tomorrow.
Adjectives of Taste/Flavor with the Suffix -y
Peppery – Having a pepper flavor; A little spicy
- I added some peppery basil to the pasta. Did you notice the flavor?
Tangy – Having a sharp, pungent flavor
- I prefer tangy cheese to mild.
Tasty – Having a pleasant or satisfying flavor; delicious
- The meal was very tasty and not too expensive. We should go back to that restaurant soon.
Salty – Having salt; tasting of salt
- I crave salty foods like potato chips when it’s hot outside.
Savory – Having a pleasant taste or smell; Tasting of salt
- Are you in the mood for something savory or something sweet?
Spicy – Of, or containing spice
- I love spicy chicken wings. The hotter the better!
Vinegary – Sour; like vinegar
- I made this salad dressing myself but it’s a bit too vinegary. I will use less vinegar the next time.
Yummy – A childish or lighthearted way to say delicious
- Ice cream is yummy! (I totally agree!)
Zesty – Having a piquant or pungent taste; spicy
- Zesty comes from the noun zest, which is made from scraping the outside peel of citrus fruits like orange, lemon, and lime. It can also describe food that is a little spicy or has some extra flavor.
Having the taste of a particular food or ingredient
Chocolaty – Containing chocolate or having the taste of chocolate
- I have a recipe book with nothing but chocolaty drinks and desserts.
My students often ask me about the pronunciation of dessert compared to the word desert. I wrote a blog post to help students to understand the difference. You can read it here: Dessert vs Desert – Pronounce these words CORRECTLY(Audio)
Lemony – Resembling or characteristic of lemons, especially in terms of aroma, taste, or color
- This room smells very lemony.
Sugary – Of food, drink, etc, containing or covered with a large amount of sugar
- When I was a kid I ate lots of sugary cereal for breakfast.
Nouns with the Suffix -y
We learned at the top of this post that the verb inquire becomes the noun inquiry by adding the suffix -y.
The suffix -y can also be used to make abstract nouns of state, condition, or quality.
modest + -y → modesty
– A new report says that modesty can lead to longer happiness.
honest + -y → honesty
– We need courage and honesty to really change ourselves.
difficult + -y → difficulty
– In high school, I had great difficulty with advanced math. I stayed after class for extra help.
Thanks to the following websites for help in building this English post
y_2 suffix – Definition OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com
English words suffixed with -y (adjectival) – Wiktionary
Which word ending I’m the Suffix -Y do you want to use first? Did I miss any other Suffix -Y words? Tell me in the comments!
Printable Suffix -Y PDF vocabulary list
Download your printable PDF vocabulary list below. (It’s FREE!)↓
You can find more GREAT Prefix/Suffix posts below.
English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- -e, -ey, -ie
- -i- (when followed by another suffix)
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English -y, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-y, -ic”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y, -ic”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ikos, *-iḱos (“-y, -ic”).
Cognate with Scots -ie (“-y”), West Frisian -ich (“-y”), Dutch -ig (“-y”), Low German -ig (“-y”), German -ig (“-y”), Swedish -ig (“-y”), Gothic -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs, “-y”), Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”), Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Sanskrit -इक (-ika). Doublet of -ac and -ic.
Suffix[edit]
-y
- Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.
- mess + -y → messy
- mouse + -y → mousy
- blue + -y → bluey
- clay + -y → clayey
-
2003, Cory Doctorow, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom[1], Macmillan, →ISBN:
-
Tim keeps trying to make it all more impressionistic, less computer-y.
-
- Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning «inclined to».
- run + -y → runny
- stick + -y → sticky
- fiddle + -y → fiddly
Usage notes[edit]
- This suffix is very productive and can be added to almost any word. When the resulting word is not perceived to be an established or formal word (but rather a nonce word or a casualism), a hyphen is often used before the suffix (sandcastle → sandcastle-y). A few long-established words ending with this suffix have distinctive spellings, such as wintry and fiery, which English learners might misspell as *wintery and *firey.
Synonyms[edit]
- (form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”): -al, -an, -ial, -ian, -ly, -ous
- (form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”): -esque, -ish, -like, -ly, -oid
Antonyms[edit]
- (form “having quality of” adjectives): -less
Translations[edit]
Note: translations of English words ending in -y do not necessarily end in the suffixes listed below.
having the quality of
- Asturian: -osu m, -osa f
- Dutch: -ig (nl)
- Finnish: -inen (fi)
- Galician: -oso (gl) m, -osa f, -ento
- Georgian: -ური (-uri), -ული (-uli)
- German: -ig (de)
- Hungarian: -os (hu), -as (hu), -es, -ös, -s (hu)
- Irish: -ach
- Italian: -oso (it)
- Japanese: -質 (-しつ, -shitsu), -状 (-じょう, -jou), -みたい (mitai), -様な (ja) (ような, youna), -有り (ja) (-ari), -付き (ja) (-tsuki)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: -î (ku), -în (ku)
- Latin: -osus (la) m
- Middle English: -y
- Polish: -owy (pl), -ny (pl)
- Portuguese: -oso (pt)
- Romanian: -os (ro)
- Russian: -ий (ru) (-ij), -ый (ru) (-yj), -ивый (-ivyj)
- Sanskrit: -इक (-ika), -इन् (-in)
- Spanish: -iento (es), -oso (es), -iego (es)
- Swedish: -ig (sv), -aktig (sv)
- Tagalog: ma- (tl)
- Tamil: -ஆன (-āṉa)
- Ukrainian: -ий (-yj)
inclined to
- Finnish: -va, -vä
- Galician: -ento m
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: -ok (ku)
- Polish: -liwy (pl)
- Portuguese: -ento (pt)
- Russian: -ий (ru) (-ij), -ый (ru) (-yj), -ивый (-ivyj)
- Spanish: -ento (es), -iento (es)
- Swedish: -ig (sv)
- Ukrainian: -ий (-yj)
Etymology 2[edit]
Cognate with Scots -ie, being inherited directly from the same source Middle English -ie, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-ie, -y”, diminutive suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-ij-, *-j- (diminutive suffix). Compare Dutch -je (diminutive suffix), German Low German -je (diminutive suffix).
Alternative forms[edit]
- -ie, -ey, -ee
Suffix[edit]
-y
- Forming diminutive nouns.
- granny, pinny, tummy
- Forming familiar names, pet names, nicknames and terms of endearment.
- Billy, Jonesy, Johnny, lovey
Synonyms[edit]
- (diminutive): mini-, micro-, nano-, -ette, -ee, -icle/-cule/-ule/-ole
Translations[edit]
Note: translations of English words ending in -y do not necessarily end in the suffixes listed below.
forming diminutive nouns
- Armenian: -իկ (-ik), -ուկ (-uk), -ակ (-ak)
- Asturian: -ín (ast) m, -ina (ast) f
- Catalan: -et (ca) m, -eta (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 子 (zh), 兒/儿 (zh)
- Dutch: -je (nl), -tje (nl), -etje (nl), -pje (nl), -ie (nl), -ken (nl), -ke (nl), -che, -kijn (nl)
- Esperanto: -et- (eo)
- Finnish: -nen (fi)
- French: -et (fr) m, -ette (fr) f, -in (fr) m, -ine (fr) f
- Galician: -iño
- Georgian: please add this translation if you can
- German: -chen (de), -lein (de), -i (de), -erl (de)
- Hebrew: ־ון m (-ón), ־ית f (-ít)
- Hungarian: -ka, -ke
- Interlingua: -etto m or n, -etta f or n
- Irish: -ín m
- Italian: -etto m, -etta f, -ino (it) m, -ina (it) f
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: -ik (ku), -ok (ku)
- Mansi: -кве (-kwe)
- Middle Low German: -eken
- Neapolitan: -illo
- Polish: -ek (pl) m, -ka (pl) f, -ko (pl) n
- Portuguese: -inho (pt)
- Romanian: -uț m, -aș (ro) m, -ior m, -el (ro) m, -ușor m, -uleț (ro) m, -uță (ro) f, -iță (ro) f, -ică (ro) f, -ioară f
- Russian: -ик (ru) m (-ik), -ок (ru) m (-ok), -ек (ru) m (-ek), -ёк (ru) m (-jók), -ка (ru) f (-ka), -ко (ru) n (-ko), -це (ru) (-ce), -цо (-co)
- Spanish: -ito (es) m, -ita (es) f, -iño m, -iña f, -ico (es), -uelo (es), illo, ino, -ucho (es), -ete (es), -eto (es), -uco (es), -iello, -ullo, -ejo (es)
- Swedish: -is (sv)
- Turkish: -cık, -cik (tr), -cuk, -cük, -çık, -çik, -çuk, -çük, -cak, -cağız, -ceğiz
- Welsh: -ig m or f, -cyn m, -os m pl or f pl
forming familiar names
- Japanese: ちゃん (ja) (chan)
- Polish: -ś (pl) m
Etymology 3[edit]
From Middle English -y, -ie, -ee, -e, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French -ie and -é, from Latin -ia, -ium, -tās, Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ειᾰ (-eia), -ιον (-ion).
Cognate (as far as Latin -ia is involved) with German -ei and Dutch -ij.
Suffix[edit]
-y
- Forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state.
- modest + -y → modesty
- honest + -y → honesty
- -nym + -y → -nymy
- as in toponym + -y → toponymy
- -logue + -y → -logy
- as in analogue + -y → analogy
- Used in the name of some locations which end in -ia in Latin.
- Italy, Germany, Saxony, Hungary, Sicily, Lombardy, Tuscany, Albany, Brittany, Gascony, Burgundy, Picardy, Normandy, Romandy, Savoy, Muscovy, Tartary, Arcady, Thessaly, Troy, Turkey.
Derived terms[edit]
- -ery
Translations[edit]
Note: translations of English words ending in -y do not necessarily end in the suffixes listed below.
forming abstract nouns
- Armenian: -ություն (-utʿyun)
- Dutch: -heid (nl), -nis (nl)
- Finnish: -uus (fi), -yys (fi)
- French: -é (fr)
- Galician: -dade f
- Georgian: სი- -ე (si- -e)
- German: -heit (de), -keit (de), -nis (de)
- Hungarian: -ság (hu), -ség (hu)
- Italian: -à
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: -î (ku), -yî (ku), -tî (ku)
- Latin: -ia (la), -ium (la), -tas
- Polish: -ość (pl) f, -stwo (pl) n
- Portuguese: -ia (pt) f, -idade (pt) f
- Romanian: -ie (ro), -ime (ro), -itate (ro), -enie
- Spanish: -ia (es), -tad, -dad (es), -ie, -io (es), -tud, -edumbre
- Ukrainian: -ий m (-yj)
Derived terms[edit]
Afar[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /-j/
Clitic[edit]
-y
- Used to form an interrogative copulative sentence: is it?
- Qafár af macáy? ― What is the Afar language?
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /-j/
Clitic[edit]
-y
- Used to join together noun phrases: and, also
-
Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur’an and its explanation translated into the Afar language][2], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 1:
-
Fulte Racmattaay, Gunê Racmattale Yallih Migaaqal Qimbisa.
- I begin in the name of God, who gives mercy and surpasses mercy.
-
-
Usage notes[edit]
- When following a short vowel, -y lengthens that vowel:
- gaalá (“camel”) + -y → gaaláay (“and the camels”)
References[edit]
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, pages 282; 292
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[3], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 447
Asturian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /i/
Pronoun[edit]
-y
- him, she, it (third-person singular indirect pronoun)
Usage notes[edit]
It is always spelled with the hyphen, unlike other pronouns in the language.
[edit]
- -yos, -ys (third-person plural indirect pronoun)
Czech[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-y
- -ly: from adjectives forms adverbs
- logický + -y → logicky
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- -y in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Egyptian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /iː/
- Conventional anglicization: -y
Etymology 1[edit]
Suffix[edit]
- (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Forms the plural imperative of verbs, particularly weak verbs.
- (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Optionally used to form the subjunctive of weak verbs.
Usage notes[edit]
The plural imperative can also appear without this suffix, in a form identical to the singular imperative.
Etymology 2[edit]
Suffix[edit]
- Forms agent nouns from verbs.
Etymology 3[edit]
Suffix[edit]
- (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Optionally marks the masculine imperfective active participle, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
Alternative forms[edit]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -y
Etymology 4[edit]
Suffix[edit]
- (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Optionally marks the masculine singular perfective passive participle of strong verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
Alternative forms[edit]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -y
Etymology 5[edit]
Suffix[edit]
- (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Optionally marks the perfective passive participle of weak verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
- (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Optionally marks the perfective relative form of weak verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
- (Late Egyptian) Marks the perfective passive participle of mostly third-weak transitive verbs, following the stem.
- (Late Egyptian) Occasionally marks the perfective active participle of mostly third-weak transitive verbs, following the stem.
Alternative forms[edit]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -y
-yꜣ | -yt |
Late Egyptian | Late Egyptian |
Etymology 6[edit]
Suffix[edit]
- (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Rarely marks the imperfective relative form of all verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
Alternative forms[edit]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -y
References[edit]
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 354 page 328–329, 354.
- Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 66
Finnish[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-y
- Front vowel variant of -u.
Declension[edit]
Inflection of -y (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -y | -yt | |
genitive | -yn | -yjen | |
partitive | -yä | -yjä | |
illative | -yyn | -yihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -y | -yt | |
accusative | nom. | -y | -yt |
gen. | -yn | ||
genitive | -yn | -yjen | |
partitive | -yä | -yjä | |
inessive | -yssä | -yissä | |
elative | -ystä | -yistä | |
illative | -yyn | -yihin | |
adessive | -yllä | -yillä | |
ablative | -yltä | -yiltä | |
allative | -ylle | -yille | |
essive | -ynä | -yinä | |
translative | -yksi | -yiksi | |
instructive | — | -yin | |
abessive | -yttä | -yittä | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -y (type valo) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Inflection of -y (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation) | |||
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nominative | -y | -yt | |
genitive | -yn | -yjen -yiden -yitten |
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partitive | -yä | -yjä -yitä |
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illative | -yyn | -yihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -y | -yt | |
accusative | nom. | -y | -yt |
gen. | -yn | ||
genitive | -yn | -yjen -yiden -yitten |
|
partitive | -yä | -yjä -yitä |
|
inessive | -yssä | -yissä | |
elative | -ystä | -yistä | |
illative | -yyn | -yihin | |
adessive | -yllä | -yillä | |
ablative | -yltä | -yiltä | |
allative | -ylle | -yille | |
essive | -ynä | -yinä | |
translative | -yksi | -yiksi | |
instructive | — | -yin | |
abessive | -yttä | -yittä | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -y (type palvelu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lower Sorbian[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-y
- Alternative form of -i (used after “hard” consonants).
Middle English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old English -iġ, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -ik.
Alternative forms[edit]
- -e, -eg, -ege, -ey, -i, -ich, -iche, -ie, -ig, -ige, -iȝ, -iȝe, -ik, -ike, -ye
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /-iː/
Suffix[edit]
-y
- Designates an adjective, in many cases formed by being appended to a noun.
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- English: -y, -ie, -ey
- Scots: -ie, -y
References[edit]
- “-i,, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 20 June 2018.
- “-i(e, suf.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 20 June 2018.
Etymology 2[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-y
- Alternative form of -yf
Etymology 3[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-y
- Alternative form of -ie
Polish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /ɨ/
- Rhymes: -ɨ
- Syllabification: y
Suffix[edit]
-y
- nominative plural ending of some masculine nouns.
- vocative plural ending of some masculine nouns.
- genitive singular ending of some feminine nouns.
- nominative plural ending of some feminine nouns.
- accusative plural ending of some feminine nouns.
- vocative plural ending of some feminine nouns.
- personal, animate, and inanimate masculine nominative singular ending of some adjectives.
- personal, animate, and inanimate masculine vocative singular ending of some adjectives.
- inanimate masculine accusative singular ending of some adjectives.
- personal masculine nominative plural ending of some adjectives.
- personal masculine vocative plural ending of some adjectives.
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- -y in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- -y in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Quechua[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-y
- Infinitive marker.
- mikhuy (“to eat”)
- Nominalizes verbs. The act of doing something. «-ing.»
- pampachay (“pardon, remission”)
- Indicates first-person singular possessive.
- mikhuna (“food”) → mikhunay (“my food”)
- Conjugative suffix for the second-person imperative mood.
- Uyariway! («(You) listen to me!»)
Scots[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-y
- Alternative form of -ie
References[edit]
- “-y, suff.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Об английском с любовью
Словообразование. “-Y, – LY”, суффиксы, образующие прилагательные.
Продолжаем заниматься словообразованием. В прошлых сообщениях я рассказала о важных суффиксах прилагательных “-LESS, –FUL” и “-ABLE(LBLE)”. Теперь познакомимся с новыми суффиксами.
Суффикс –Y = высокопродуктивный, родом со староанглийского. Имеет два значения.
ПЕРВЫЙ СМЫСЛ: Присоединяется к существительным и реже к глаголам. Обозначает признаки, то есть характеристики соответствующего существительного, например имеет похожий цвет, свойства или состояние. В русском языке происходит то же самое, только по другим грамматическим законам. Это просто однокоренные слова: ветер – ветреный, снег – снежный; скала – скалистый. Несколько примеров на английском языке.
grass (трава) + y – grassy = травяной
water ( вода) + y — watery = водяной, мокрый, водянистый
star ( звезда) + y – starry = звездный
rain (дождь) + y – rainy = дождливый
velvet (бархат) + y – velvety = бархатный
chalk ( мел) + y – chalky = меловой, известковый
room ( место, пространство) + y – roomy = просторный
foam ( пена) + y – foamy = пенный, пенящийся
ice (лед0 + y – icy = ледяной
dust (пыль) + y – dusty = пыльный
dirt ( грязь) + y – dirty = грязный
milk ( молоко) + y – milky = молочный
wave ( волна ) + y – wavy = волнистый
Прилагательные с окончанием “-Y” часто имеют не только буквальный, но и переносный смысл. Сравните значения прилагательных в следующих сочетаниях.
sandy hair ( волосы цвета песка, рыжеватые)– sandy floor ( песчаный пол) — sandy watch ( песочные часы);
milky coffee ( кофе с молоком) – milky chocolate (молочный шоколад) – MILKY WAY ( Млечный путь);
misty eyes ( затуманенные ( слезами) глаза) – misty weather ( туманная погода) – a misty idea (смутное представление);
silky dress ( шелковое платье) – silky skin ( шелковая кожа);
ВТОРОЙ СМЫСЛ: Присоединяется к прилагательным и означает недостаток или уменьшение признака, которое характеризует основное прилагательное. Сладкий – сладковатый, лысый – лысеющий, полный- полноватый.
Несколько примеров на английском языке:
pink ( розовый) + y – pinky = розового оттенка, розоватый;
bald ( лысый) + y — baldy= лысеющий, начинающий лысеть;
green (зеленый) + y = greeny = зеленоватый.
Суффикс “-Y” — “двуликий”, то есть он может быть также и суффиксом существительного , например:
augury = гадание, предсказание, предзнаменование, предчувствие;
perjury = вероломство, нарушение клятвы.
Суффикс –LY = продуктивный, происхождением с немецкого языка. Присоединяется к существительным и может иметь два значения.
ПЕРВЫЙ СМЫСЛ: быть похожим по внешности, манерам или по природе.
father ( отец) + ly – fatherly = отеческий
friend ( друг) + ly = friendly = дружеский
man ( мужчина) + ly – manly = мужественный
coward ( трус) + ly — cowardly= трусливый
sloven (неряха) + ly – slovenly = неряшливый
world ( мир, вселенная) + ly — worldly = мирской, земной
heaven ( небеса)+ ly = heavenly= небесный
brother ( брат) + ly – brotherly = братский
ВТОРОЙ СМЫСЛ : присоединяется к существительным, которые обозначают время, и имеют смысл повторяемости.
day + ly – daily = ежедневный
month + ly – monthly = ежемесячный
week + ly – weekly = еженедельный
hour + ly – hourly = ежечасный
time + ly – timely = своевременный
Словообразование. Суффиксы прилагательных в английском языке
В данной статье из цикла «Подготовка к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ. Словообразование в английском языке» мы рассмотрим основные суффиксы прилагательных в английском языке: -ful, -less, -ous, -al, -y, -ic, -ish, -able, -ive, -ent (10), а также посвятим значительное время отработке этих суффиксов. Упражнения на суффиксы прилагательного не только помогут вам подготовиться к экзаменам по английскому языку в виде ОГЭ и ЕГЭ, но расширят ваш словарный запас и будут способствовать развитию языковой догадки.
Суффиксы прилагательных в английском языке
1. Суффиксы прилагательных, образованных от существительных
- -ful (выражает наличие качества; beautiful, colourful)
- -less (выражает отсутствие качества: colourless, useless)
- -ous (слова франц. происхождения, аналог ful: courageous, famous)
- -al (central, formal)
- -y (cloudy, dirty)
- -ic (poetic, domestic)
- -ish (выражает национальную принадлежность: Scottish, English, а также слабая степень качества: brownish -коричневатый, reddish -красноватый)
- friendly — дружелюбный
- lovely — прелестный
- lively — деятельный, активный
2. Суффиксы прилагательных, образованных от глаголов
- -able /-ible (выражает возможность подвергнуться действию, указанному глаголом: to change – changeable (менять – изменчивый); to eat – eatable (есть – съедобный)
- -ive (active, talkative)
- -ent /-ant (different, important)
different — difference
important — importance
Суффиксы прилагательных в английском языке. Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Translate into Russian.
- She was very thankful for our help.
- She likes colourful clothes.
- She is a very forgetful girl.
- We are not sure that our team will win but we are hopeful.
- They lived a peaceful happy life.
- He was always as helpful as possible.
Упражнение 2.1. Translate into Russian.
a moonless night, a cloudless sky, a noiseless machine, numberless heroes, a motherless girl, a heartless woman, a homeless cat, a leafless tree, a nameless author, a sunless room, a endless war, a lifeless body, a colorless liquid, a friendless child, a sleepless night, careless people, a doubtless victory
Упражнение 2.2. Translate into English.
Безоблачное небо, беспомощный ребенок, бесшумная машина, бесчисленные герои, безжизненное тело, беззаботный ребенок, бессердечная женщина, бездомный кот, дерево без листьев, безымянный автор, комната без солнца, бесконечная война, бесцветная жидкость. Была безлунная ночь. Он выглядел усталым после бессонной ночи.
Упражнение 3.
А. Form adjectives from nouns and translate them.
ОБРАЗЕЦ nerve + ous = nervous (нерв – нервный)
fame — …, humour — …, courage — …, glory (y->i) — …, poison — …, space (i) — …
В. Use the words in the sentences.
- We don’t know if these chemicals are ____________ to people.
- She became ____________as a writer.
- I like to read ___________stories.
- There are a lot of ________ snakes in the jungle.
- It was a _________victory.
- He was a ____________soldier.
- They liked the _______________rooms in their new house.
Упражнение 4. The suffix -y.
A. Translate into Russian.
windy day, sunny weather, cloudy sky, sleepy child, dreamy girl, icy wind, healthy food
B. Form adjectives from the nouns and translate them.
ОБРАЗЕЦ swamp — swampy (болото — болотистый)
sand — … , rock — … , juice — … , grass — … , star(r) — … , bone — … , skin(n) — …, water- … , fog (g) — …, swamp — …
C. Put the adjectives from B into this sentences to make them complete.
- This … land is very good for farming. Cows and sheep can feed here all the year round.
- Peter, eat some more roast beef. You should eat more: you have grown so … (2 variants)!
- On such … mornings it’s very difficult to drive, as you can’t see the road clearly.
- These are … apples. I like them most of all.
- My little brother never eats fish if it is … .
- Holidaymakers love the … beaches in the south of Australia.
- Why does this coffee taste so … ?
- The picture shows the … mountains of Scotland.
- The sky is unusually … tonight.
- … places have a lot of water in all seasons.
Упражнение 5. Translate into Russian the adjectives, ending with the suffix —ic.
gigantic hound, scientific expedition, domestic animal, academic year, Olympic games, thematic collection, basic knowledge
Упражнение 6. Make up adjectives with the help of suffix -al and translate them.
ОБРАЗЕЦ music – musical (музыка — музыкальный)
industry – …, culture – …, region – …, tradition – …, nature – …, nation – …, agriculture – …, comic – …
Упражнение 7. Суффиксы национальностей
-ish:
ОБРАЗЕЦ Britain – British
Scotland — …, Spain — …, Sweden — …, Finland — …, Denmark — …, Poland — …, Turkey — …
-(i)an:
ОБРАЗЕЦ Russia – Russian
America — …, Australia — . Canada — …, Hungary — …, Belgium — …, Egypt — …, Italy — …, Europe — …
-ese:
ОБРАЗЕЦ Japan – Japanese
* * *
Упражнение 8. The suffix – able.
A. Form the words with the suffix – able.
move — . count — …, eat — …, drink — …, comfort — … , imagine — … , break — … , read — … , respect — …., forget — …, believe — …
B. Use the words in the sentences:
- Though the cup is made of thin glass it is not ……….(break).
- She thought of all names ………to guess the name of their new classmate. (imagine).
- Everybody respects him. He is very …….. (respect).
- I can’t forget the trip. It is un ……(forget).
- The nouns are divided into …………. and un…………… (count).
Упражнение 9. Form the words with the suffix –ive.
create — … , impress — … , progress — …, act — … , mass — … , impulse — …
Упражнение 10. Read the adjectives and spell the suffixes used in forming them.
ОБРАЗЕЦ changeable — The adjective changeable is formed with the help of the suffix -able.
successful, cloudless, collective, central, comic, satirical, dangerous, faultless, misty, courageous, aggressive, national, breakable
Упражнение 11. Translate these combinations; say what words the adjectives are formed from.
a washable shirt, a skilful worker, democratic forces, the postal service, groundless suspicions, a humorous story, a gloomy scene, salty ham, professional interest, peaceful labour, a noiseless machine, a courageous soldier, a lucky ticket, a continental climate, a dusty road.
Упражнение 12. Copy and translate all these adjectives. Learn them by heart.
B. Listen to the adjectives and translate them by ear.
На этом пока все! Буду рада, если моя статья окажется вам полезной и вы поделитесь ссылкой в соцсетях!
С уважением, автор Татьяна Н.
Источники: упражнения взяты из разных пособий, частично переделаны и и изменены. В частности использованы учебники «Английский язык 5-11 класс» авторы Афанасьева О.В., Михеева И.В.
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Суффиксы в прилагательных в английском языке: нюансы словообразования определений
Не секрет, что одно слово может являться прародителем целой ветви родственных ему выражений. Образование новых лексем осуществляется разными способами: присоединением новых частей, конверсией, то есть переходом неизменной основы в другой грамматический раздел, или слиянием двух слов в одно. Знание этих методов не только облегчает понимание контекста незнакомого слова, но и расширяет возможности лексического словаря учащегося. Сегодня мы изучим один из методов, рассмотрев его применение на популярной части речи. Итак, тема материала – суффиксы в прилагательных в английском языке. Рассмотрим способы трансформации различных частей речи в определения и приведем примеры.
Суффиксы в прилагательных в английском языке – таблица
Прилагательные призваны выражать характеристики, свойства, качества и признаки, и по своему долгу чаще всего сопутствуют именам существительным. Неудивительно, что и своим происхождением многие определения обязаны однокоренным словам класса существительных. Отметим также, что небольшой долей суффиксального образования прилагательных обладают и глаголы, но подробнее обо всем этом поведает таблица, расположенная ниже. В ней мы разместили суффиксы прилагательных в английском языке, согласно их соответствию частям речи, образовавшим новое слово. Кроме того, каждый суффикс снабжен персональным значением и примерами словообразования. Приступим к изучению.
Суффиксы английских прилагательных | |||
Класс | Суффикс | Значение | Примеры |
Существительные. |
Приведенные в данном разделе морфемы могут присоединяться только к указанной части речи.
-yОбразование качественных характеристик от исходной формы слова.cream – creamy;
ветер – ветреный; -alПередача значения в качестве признака.norm – normal;
глобус, мир – глобальный;
эмоция – эмоциональный; -enУказание на материал.wool – woolen;
дерево — деревянный; -fulВыражение полноты качеств, совершенства.skill – skilful;
успех – успешный; -ousАналог предыдущего ful, используемый только для слов французского происхождения.fame – famous;
победа – победный;— lessОтрицание наличия данного качества.use – useless;
дом – бездомный;
-an;
-ese;
-ian;
Образование определений от имен собственных, географических названий, обозначений национальностей и языков и т.п.Japan – Japanese;
Китай – Китайский (язык);
-ic;
-ical;
-tic;
Производное качество, характеристика.politics – political;
электроника – электронный; -likeПодобие, схожесть.child – childlike;
ребенок – ребяческий, детский;
жена – как жена, повадки жены;
птица – похожий на птицу;
-ite
-ate
Признак, перенесенный на предмет/лицо.fortuna – fortunate;
благосклонность – любимый, выделенный из всех; -lyХарактерность, качество.week – weekly;
жизнь, действие – деятельный;Глаголы.
Суффиксы данного раздела присущи исключительно категории глаголов.
-ing;
Характеристика выраженная, действительным причастием.to bloom – blooming;
to drive – driving;
вести машину – ведущий машину;
to write – writing;
to interest – interesting;
Прилагательные.
Здесь приведены суффиксы, помогающие образовывать степени сравнения.
-er;
-est;
Сравнение, превосходство.clever – cleverer;
simple – the simplest;
happy – the happiest;
счастливый – самый счастливый;
Сводные сочетания.
В данной группе представлены суффиксы в прилагательных в английском языке, которые могут относиться к нескольким частям речи.Гл. + сущ.
-ent;
-ant;
Наличие перенесенных с основного слова качеств.to differ – different;
to please – pleasant;
интеллигенция – интеллигент;
-able;
-ible;
Признак передает способность выполнения действия; наличие качеств и свойств.response – responsible;
to predict – predictable;
to read – readable;
мода – соответствующий моде;
to convert – convertible;
конвертировать – конвертируемый;Сущ. + прил. -ish;Существительные выражают принадлежность, а прилагательные уменьшительную степень качеств.child – childish;
глупый – глуповатый;Гл.+сущ.+прил.
-ary;
-ory;
Характерные качества.imagine – imaginary;
to advise – advisory;
рекомендовать – рекомендательный; -ed;Возможность восприятия определенных действий или свойств (страдательное причастие).to educate well – well-educated;
давать хорошее образование – хорошо-образованный;
талант – талантливый;
-ive;
-ative;
Наличие определенного признака.to talk – talkative;
импульс – импульсивный;
Мы изучили все возможные суффиксы в различных прилагательных в английском языке! До новых встреч!
источники:
http://englishinn.ru/slovoobrazovanie-suffiksyi-prilagatelnyih-v-angliyskom-yazyike.html
http://speakenglishwell.ru/suffiksy-v-prilagatelnyh-v-anglijskom-yazyke/
Page 1: family, Day, Thursday, Tuesday, thirty, ay, happy, sixty, country, fifty, party, Monday, Kelly, city, Wednesday, twenty, key, Friday, seventy, lady, poetry, away, money, ally, forty, Sunday, Mary, body, birthday, baby, way, journey, energy, history, sky, oy, ray, monkey, story, January, boy, today, ninety, my, glory, Disney, candy, holiday, puppy, and many
Word | Length | Consonants | Vowels | Syllables | Origin | Favourite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | Latin | |
Day | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
Thursday | 8 | 6 | 2 | 2 | Middle English | |
Tuesday | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | Middle English | |
Thirty | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | Middle English | |
Ay | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Old Turkic | |
Happy | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | Middle English | |
Sixty | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | Old English | |
Country | 7 | 5 | 2 | 2 | Middle English | |
Fifty | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | Old English | |
Party | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | Anglo Norman | |
Monday | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | Old English | |
Kelly | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | Irish | |
City | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | Middle English | |
Wednesday | 9 | 6 | 3 | 3 | Middle English | |
Twenty | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | Middle English | |
Key | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Middle English | |
Friday | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | Old English | |
Seventy | 7 | 5 | 2 | 3 | ||
Lady | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | Middle English | |
Poetry | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | French | |
Away | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Old English | |
Money | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | Middle English | |
Ally | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | Middle English | |
Forty | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | ||
Sunday | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | Middle English | |
Mary | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | Old French | |
Body | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | Middle English | |
Birthday | 8 | 6 | 2 | 2 | ||
Baby | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | Middle English | |
Way | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Middle English | |
Journey | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | Middle English | |
Energy | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | Middle French | |
History | 7 | 5 | 2 | 3 | Middle English | |
Sky | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | Middle English | |
Oy | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Yiddish | |
Ray | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Middle English | |
Monkey | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | Middle Low German | |
Story | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | Anglo Norman | |
January | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | Middle English | |
Boy | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Middle English | |
Today | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | Middle English | |
Ninety | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | ||
My | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | Middle English | |
Glory | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | Middle English | |
Disney | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | Old French | |
Candy | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | Old French | |
Holiday | 7 | 4 | 3 | 3 | Middle English | |
Puppy | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | ||
Many | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | Middle English |
Suffix: -y. List of words that end in y.
-
#1
Why is it towie and not towy?
Why is it turkey and not turkie?
What are the rules?
-
#2
English and «spelling rules» don’t usually go together in the same sentence!
-
#3
Where have you seen ‘towie’? If it’s the UK TV series, it’s an acronym of The Only Way Is Essex.
There are no rules. You just have to learn the spellings. We (well, most of us) do.
-
#4
I thought I might go through the spelling rules and give a thorough survey, though it might get a little tough. Then I realised that my post would get deleted for being off topic.
-
#5
Things are generally spelled the way they are for historical reasons — when and where the word originated. Since every word has its own history, each has its own spelling history. There are some general patterns, but no fixed rules.
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#6
See my signature…
-
#7
Where have you seen ‘towie’? If it’s the UK TV series, it’s an acronym of The Only Way Is Essex.
There are no rules. You just have to learn the spellings. We (well, most of us) do.
Goalie
Auntie
Etc
Why do they end with ie and not y? I’ve read that -ie is a variant of -y.
-
#8
Where have you seen ‘towie’?
And what is a towy?
Goalie should be Goaly
Auntie
Aunty
The «y» is an affectionate dimiunutive.
«There are no rules in English, only guidance. Some guidance looks like a rule; it probably isn’t.»
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#9
Aunty is a less common (I believe) but acceptable alternative to ‘auntie’.
Baddie/baddy are alternatives. As are ‘hankie/hanky’ and ‘hippie/hippy’,
I don’t think ‘goaly’ exists.
But we can’t go through every word ending in ‘ie’ and/or ‘y’.
They just have to be learnt.
-
#10
Aunty is a less common (I believe) but acceptable alternative to ‘auntie’.
Baddie/baddy are alternatives. As are ‘hankie/hanky’ and ‘hippie/hippy’,
I don’t think ‘goaly’ exists.
But we can’t go through every word ending in ‘ie’ and/or ‘y’.
They just have to be learnt.
Are there any guidelines for the suffix ending? I’ve read that -ie is just a variant of -y.
Paul, I have never seen goalie spelt like ‘goaly’. Can you provide a source please?
[Typo corrected. DonnyB — moderator]
Last edited by a moderator: Nov 14, 2019
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#11
Are there any guidelines for the suffix ending? I’ve read that -ie is just a variant of -y.
No. Some words are spelt with ‘ie’ (my Chambers Dictionary lists 867 of these) and some with ‘y’ (10,000 of these), and some can be spelt both ways. As I’ve said, you just have to learn them. Or, of course, if you are in doubt, look in a dictionary.
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#12
[Reference to now-deleted posts(s) removed. DonnyB — moderator]
The «y» (pronounced «wye») produces the same sound as «ie» at the end of a word. As has been explained,when added to nouns, the «y/ie» has the effect of an affectionate diminutive. I have explained that above.
If you read what I wrote, I said «
I did not say «The correct/earlier form of Goalie was Goaly»
The «[e]y/ie» started off as a way for forming an adjective from a noun and was
OE -ig, ME -i, ME–15 -ye, ME–16 -ie, ME– -y, 15– now only in certain cases –ey. The general sense of this suffix is ‘having the qualities of’ or ‘full of’ that which is denoted by the noun to which it is added, as icy = (1) of the nature of, having the appearance, hardness, coldness, slipperiness, transparency, etc. of ice; (2) full of or covered with ice. (OED)
This form of «affectionate diminutive» is relatively recent. It arises from colloquial use and has been determined not by the application of any «rule» but by how people thought it should be spelled. As you see from the OED, it should be «[e]y» but that is not a «rule» that is followed.
You still have not explained «towie».
Last edited by a moderator: Nov 14, 2019
-
#13
I thought I might go through the spelling rules and give a thorough survey, though it might get a little tough. Then I realised that my post would get deleted for being off topic.
The tough coughs and hiccoughs as he ploughs thoroughly through the dough.
-
#14
This is what the Guardian style (Guardian and Observer style guide: Y) guide says:
As a general rule: -y is an English suffix, whose function is to create an adjective (usually from a noun, eg creamy); —ie was originally a Scottish suffix, whose function is to add the meaning of “diminutive” (usually from a noun, eg beastie).
So in most cases, where there is dispute over whether a noun takes a -y or an -ie ending, the correct answer is -ie: she’s a girly girl, but she’s no helpless girlie. Think also scrunchie, beanie, nightie, meanie … There are exceptions (a hippy, an indie band), but where specific examples are not given, use -ie for nouns and -y for adjectives
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#15
Why do they end with ie and not y? I’ve read that -ie is a variant of -y.
Both are correct. I assume the choice (for each word) has historical reasons. English comes from several languages, and English spelling rules often imitate those languages.
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