Word definitions synonyms and antonyms

Antonyms and their Classification
Definition of Homonyms and their Classification

belonging to the same part of speech, possessing one or

more identical meaning, interchangeable at least in some contexts without any considerable alteration in denotational meaning, but differing in morphemic composition, phonemic shape, shades of meaning, connotation, affective value, style, and emotional coloring peculiar to one of the elements in a synonymic group.

same notion but different in shades of meaning (ex., battle/fight)
stylistic

synonyms – words differing in stylistic characteristics (ex., to put off/to postpone)
absolute synonyms – words coinciding in all their shades of meaning and stylistic characteristics (ex., pilot — airman — flyer – flyingman; screenwriter — scriptwriter — scripter – сценарист; semasiology – semantics.)

to bellow- to roar)
emotive connotation (ex., alone-single-lonely-solitary)
evaluative (ex., to sparkle

– to shine with amusement, good humour and happiness, to glitter – to shine with anger, hatred, malice)
stylistic connotations (ex., snack-refreshment-feast)
the connotation of duration (ex., to shudder – brief action, to shiver – lasting action)
causative (ex., to blush – from modesty, shame, embarrassment, to redden – from indignation)
connotation of manner (ex., to stroll-to trot-to pace-to stumble)
connotation of attendant circumstances (ex., to pip – through a hole, to peer – in darkness or through the fog)
connotation of attendant features (ex., beautiful – associated with classical features and figure, pretty – associated with some small delicate features and a fresh complexion)

the group in the most general way without contributing any

additional information to the manner or intensity of the referent (ex., to look – synonymic dominant of “pip, peer, stare”).
Characteristics of the dominant:
high frequency of usage,
broad combinability – ability to be used in combinations with various classes of words
broad general meaning
lack of connotation.

belonging to the same part of speech and to the

semantic field identical in style and nearly identical in distribution associated and used together so that their denotative meaning renders opposite notions.

express:
Contradictory antonyms express mutually opposed and denying one another notions.

(Ex. married=not single; male=not female; alive= not dead.)
Contrary antonyms are so opposed to each other that the language admits possibilities between and beyond them. The denial of one member of the contrary opposition does not necessarily imply the assertion of the other. (Ex. Old-young.)

Love-hate
Love-attachment- liking- indifference- dislike- antipathy- hate.)
Complementary antonyms imply self-denial (Ex.

Prose-poetry)
Conversives denote one and the same referent as viewed from different angles that of subject and that of the object. (Ex. To teach-to learn; to buy- to sell.)
Reversives designate the reverse or the undoing of the action expressed by one of them. (Ex. To tie-to untie; to marry-to divorce.)

both in sound and spelling or identical only in spelling

or sound.
Classification of homonyms
The most widely accepted classification of them is the following:
Homonyms proper (or perfect homonyms)
Homophones
Homographs

as a round object used in game, “ball” as a

gathering of people for dancing.

meaning, for example:
“Air” – “heir”, “arms” – “alms”, “bye” –

“buy” – “by”, “him” – “hymn”, “knight” – “night”, “rain” – “reign”, “not” – “knot”, “or” – “ore” – “oar”, “piece” – “peace”, “scent” – “cent”, “steal” – “steel” – “still”, “write” – “right”, “sea” – “see”, “son” – “sun”.
Homophonic sentences: “The sons raise meat” — “The sun’s rays meet”.

accidentally identical in spelling:
Bow [bou] – лук / [bau] – поклон

или нос корабля
Lead [li:d] – вести / [led] – свинец
Row [rou] – грести или ряд / [rau] – шум, скандал
Wind [wind] – ветер / [waind] – заводить (часы)

of wood+ a game, contest).
Partial homonyms are subdivided into 3

groups:
simple lexico-grammatical partial homonyms (ex., “found”- Past Simple of “to find”, “to found” — основывать),
complex lexico-grammatical partial homonyms (ex., maid-made)
partial lexical homonyms (ex., to hang-hung-hung-вешать, to hang-hanged-hanged-казнить, to lie-lay-lain, to lie-lied-lied).

What makes our language is rich and colorful? The use of various artistic and grammatical techniques. In this article, we consider the following definition: antonyms, synonyms, homonyms. What do they mean and why they are used in speech?

Vocabulary and lexicology

Lexis — it’s the whole vocabulary of the individual language. If we usually speak and write in Russian, we use the vocabulary of the Russian language.

A Science that studies vocabulary of language is the lexicon. The basic unit of study of this branch of knowledge is word and its value. Therefore, this science does not ignore definition: a synonym, antonym and homonym.

The Definition of the synonym

The Evil, cruel, unkind, inhumane — synonyms. And what is it? The definition of «synonym» is very simple. These are the words that have the same or almost the same meaning.

What is the synonyms have slight differences in meaning, helps to give something the most accurate definition. Using synonyms can colorful, avoiding repetition to describe any event. Synonyms you can pick up almost any word that has meaning, regardless of part of speech.

Nouns:

• Building — dwelling — house — apartment — Villa — building — shelter — shelter — a roof over my head — housing;
• Bribe — bribe — bribe — kickback;
• Eye — eyes — eyes — eyes — cataracts — balls;
• Friend — friend — friend — Kent.

Adjective:

• Old — old — old — middle-aged;
• Stupid — stupid — stupid — lame;
• Sad — sad — depressed — sad — unhappy;
• Surprised — amazed — shocked.

Verb:

• Run — to rush;
• Listen to hearken;
• To ask, to wonder — to inquire — to ask a question;
• To vanish, to disappear — to escape — to get lost.

Adverbs:

• Good — excellent — good — fine;
• Fast — fast — soon — headlong;
• Bad — bad — no matter;
• Loud — noisy.

Antonym

In addition to the definition of «synonym» in the vocabulary of the Russian language are antonyms — words with opposite meanings. By the way, the opposites belong to the same part of speech.

What do you think, are antonyms of the word delicious and lonely? No, they are not, because the language involves the juxtaposition of words is only one symptom.

Nouns:

• Health — disease;
• Man — woman;
• Love — hate;
• Heat — cold;
• Heat — cool;
• The mind — dur;
• The loss is a godsend.

Adjectives:

• Excited — calm;
• Nerve — balanced;
• Virtual — real;
• Wide — narrow;
• Rare — frequent;
• Strong — weak;
• Clever — naive.

Verbs:

• To continue — to discontinue;
• Start — finish;
• Lead — to obey;
• Sell — buy;
• Ask — to answer;
• Dig — dig;
• Earn to spend.

Adverbs:

• Good — bad;
• Deliberately — accidentally;
• Right or wrong;
• Perfectly awful;
• In person — in absentia;
• Sweet — bitter;
• Fast — slow.

Namesake

Homonyms — these are the words twins. But one should not confuse the value of this concept with the definition of synonym. Only they are written and pronounced the same but mean quite different things.

The Modern man who hears or reads the noun «the key» is likely to imagine the key from the door lock; and, for example, an old man living as a hermit somewhere in a forest hut, think that it refers to the spring from under the ground.

Compare deals

1. They noticed smoke rising over the forest. Girls go to the club after the lectures?
2. Birthday Cole was given a Dachshund. I wonder what is the fee for taxi drivers?
3. Sorry, I can’t come, this time in Turkey. I work as a vet, I treat animals.
4. Illusionist showed the trick. The photographer was not able to bring it into focus.

So, we discussed some basic lexicological concepts: synonym, antonym, homonym. They all play a significant role in the language: their use in speech and writing makes it more beautiful, richer and brighter and more eloquent than us.