👉 Connectors Definition
Linker Words or Word Connectors are used to link large groups of words: phrases and sentences. You can also use them to connect paragraphs to give them coherence. Sentence connectors are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence and may be categorized as follows:
👉 CONTRAST
1. HOWEVER
- This restaurant has the best kitchen in town. However, their staff are quite rude.
2. IN CONTRAST
- House prices have gone up this year. In contrast, car prices seem to be stagnating.
3. NEVERTHELESS
- I was in so much pain I didn’t want to get up in the morning. Nevertheless, I went to football practice as usual.
4. NONETHELESS
- I don’t think Sean has serious behavioural problems. Nonetheless, I’ll talk to him first thing in the morning.
5. YET
- I’ve asked you a thousand times not to leave your dirty socks on the floor. Yet, you keep doing it.
6. ON THE OTHER HAND
- England has the best language schools. On the other hand, it has the worst weather.
7. BY COMPARISON
- Going out with Jim has its risks. By comparison, being with Tim is as easy as falling off a log.
8. ON THE CONTRARY
- I don’t hate Jim. On the contrary, I’m rather fond of him.
9. INSTEAD
- I didn’t want to take a side in the argument. Instead, I put my headphones on and listened to some smooth jazz.
10. IN ANY CASE
- I was thinking of going round Jim’s place. In any case, I haven’t been invited.
11. ALL THE SAME
- Yes, he’s very good-looking. All the same, I don’t think you should go out with him.
Read more:
Other ways to say ON THE OTHER HAND!
👉 SIMILARITY
1. LIKEWISE
- You can’t give your phone number to every man who asks for it. Likewise, you can’t go out with everyone who fancies you.
2. SIMILARLY
- You’re not allowed to use your phone here. Similarly, you have to switch it off when you’re in the library.
3. CORRESPONDINGLY
- She’s an excellent photographer. Correspondingly, her paintings are works of art.
4. IN THE SAME WAY
- Cutting down on sugar will help you lose weight. In the same way, doing more exercise will help you get rid of a few kilos.
5. ALSO
- I want to talk to Prince Harry when I’m in England. Also, I want to meet his sister-in-law.
Read more:
Difference between COMPARED TO and COMPARED WITH
👉 RESULT
1. AS A RESULT
- I’ve done a pranic healing course. As a result, I’ve been able to cure my neighbour’s sick cat.
2. AS A CONSEQUENCE
- Zack has skipped school on many occasions. As a consequence, he’s failed his French test.
3. THEREFORE
- We’re going to experience some meteor showers in the next few days. Therefore, the number of miraculous self-healings will rise.
4. THUS
- You didn’t tell me you wanted to come. Thus, we won’t be taking you with us.
5. ACCORDINGLY
- Plenty of tourists visit the area in summer. Accordingly, selling hand-made objects is the main source of income for locals.
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👉 SEQUENCING
1. FIRST, FIRSTLY, FIRST OF ALL, IN THE FIRST PLACE
- First of all, I’d like to talk about the benefits of having a pet pig.
2. TO BEGIN WITH
- To begin with, pet pigs are cleaner than dogs.
3. FOR ONE THING
- For one thing, they’re completely loyal to their owners.
4. SECOND, SECONDLY, IN THE SECOND PLACE
- Secondly, their impressive numeracy skills must be mentioned.
5. FOR ANOTHER THING
- For another thing, you might want to consider how cute they look in pyjamas.
6. THIRD, THIRDLY, IN THE THIRD PLACE
- In the third place, you can always count on your pet pig to perform some tricks for you when you’d like to impress a pretty girl.
7. ALSO
- Also, they don’t eat much.
8. BESIDES
- Besides not eating much, they won’t ever chew on your electric cords.
9. IN ADDITION
- In addition, they can be taught to feed themselves if you allow them access to your pantry.
10. FURTHERMORE
- Furthermore, they make wonderful walking buddies.
11. MOREOVER
- Moreover, they’ll show you the way home when you’re drunk.
12. FINALLY
- Finally, pet pigs are fantastic guards. No burglar would ever have the heart to hurt a pet pig.
13. LAST, LASTLY, LAST OF ALL
- Lastly, your reputation as an eccentric will rapidly grow in the neighbourhood if you’re seen walking a pet pig on a leash every morning.
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👉 ORDER OF IMPORTANCE
1. MOST IMPORTANTLY
- I’d like to talk to you about how to keep calm at your workplace. Most importantly, never go to the canteen while your boss is there.
2. PRIMARILY
- You’ll have to focus on your immediate surroundings. Primarily, on your computer screen.
3. ABOVE ALL
- Above all, don’t ever look up from your notes when people are around.
4. MOST SIGNIFICANTLY
- Most significantly, avoid eye-contact at all costs.
5. ESSENTIALLY, BASICALLY (usually spoken)
- How can I put this? Essentially, having an affair with one of your colleagues should be the last thing on your mind.
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👉 PARTICULARIZATION
1. IN PARTICULAR, PARTICULARLY
- Nearly a third of marriages end in divorce. In particular, it’s middle-aged couples that yearn for much more from life.
2. MORE SPECIFICALLY
- Couples tend to argue about financial issues. More specifically, they argue when one of them is out of work.
Read more:
How Many Types of Expressions there are in English?
👉 EXAMPLIFICATION
1. FOR EXAMPLE
- To solve this problem, you might want to try making small gestures. For example, making your spouse’s favourite meal for dinner or giving him a massage after a tiring day.
2. FOR INSTANCE
- Appreciate the small things your spouse does for you. For instance, leave thank-you notes for them every now and then.
3. TO ILLUSTRATE
- Misunderstandings can be highly destructive. To illustrate, if your spouse sees you with a friend of the opposite sex in a café, he might not understand why he hasn’t been invited and demand an explanation.
Read more:
Other ways to say for example?
👉 EXPLANATION
1. THAT IS TO SAY, THAT IS
- Keep romance alive. That is to say, don’t let your lovelife fall into routine.
2. NAMELY
- I have a very good reason for not trusting my ex. Namely, he’s a convicted felon.
3. IN OTHER WORDS
- Don’t be unsociable. In other words, go out and make some friends.
4. PUT DIFFERENTLY
- John has managed to get over Jane. Put differently, he’s started seeing other women.
Read more:
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👉 EMPHASISING
1. AS A MATTER OF FACT
- I love sleeping with my pet pig. As a matter of fact, I can’t fall asleep unless he’s in my bed.
2. IN FACT
- I told them not to invite Rachel to the party. In fact, I was the only person who saw what a party pooper she really was.
3. ACTUALLY
- I think it would be a good idea to send her some flowers. Actually, you should get her a hundred orchids.
4. INDEED
- He may be the best-dressed man around. Indeed, he has a really good taste in fashion.
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👉 FOCUSING AND LINKING
1. AS FOR (often suggests disinterest or dislike)
- I’m going to Janet’s party at the weekend. As for Mary’s, I think I’ll pass.
2. WITH RESPECT TO
- Starting your own IT company may be the one of the best things you can do right now. With respect to opening a pet shop, it’s hard to say the same thing.
3. REGARDING
- Start your day with making the most important phone calls. Regarding emails, you might put them off until later.
4. WITH REGARD TO
- With regard to handling complaints, you might want to keep in mind that your customers are always right.
5. AS REGARDS
- Working from home has many advantages. As regards disadvantages, it might be difficult to keep your cat off your keyboard.
6. TALKING OF
- Talking of cats, you can’t trust them to keep you company when you need it. They’re quite selfish creatures.
7. AS FAR AS … CONCERNED
- As far as dogs are concerned, they might give you a chance to get up from your desk and get some exercise during the day.
Read more:
English Grammar: Sentence Structure in English
👉 CONCLUSION
1. IN CONCLUSION
- In conclusion, it may be said that pigs make the best pets.
2. IN BRIEF
- Meeting my boss at the pub was an interesting experience. In brief, it was a disaster.
3. IN SUMMARY
- In summary, it may not be the best idea to frequent the same pubs as your boss.
4. TO SUM UP
- To sum up, some people are better suited to working from home than others.
5. ALL IN ALL
- All in all, you have to make sure both you and your customers are satisfied with your work.
Read more:
What are the other ways to say in conclusion?
👉 CORRECTION
1. RATHER
- I thought it was a good idea to get a ferret. Rather, it had always been my dream to get one.
2. TO BE MORE PRECISE
- You might want to change a few things. To be more precise, I think you should start again from scratch.
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👉 TIME
1. AT FIRST
- It wasn’t a piece of cake to learn English. At first, I couldn’t pronounce all the words correctly.
2. THEN
- Then, I couldn’t spell all the words correctly.
3. AFTERWARDS
- Afterwards, I had a hard time understanding the tenses.
4. LATER
- Later, I couldn’t memorize phrasal verbs and idioms.
5. IN THE MEANTIME
- In the meantime, I was getting some help from MyEnglishTeacher.
6. MEANWHILE
- Meanwhile, I was enjoying my skype lessons more and more.
Read more:
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👉 DISMISSAL
(of what was said before)
1. ANYWAY
- I couldn’t get my head around the Passive Voice. Anyway, I don’t think it’s important to use it all the time.
2. ANYHOW
- Anyhow, I’ve just decided to learn Russian next.
3. AT ANY RATE
- At any rate, I don’t want to become a simultaneous interpreter in five languages.
Linking Words Quiz › TEST YOURSELF
- ________________, we have to address the main issue. It’s important that we all recognize our own fault in the matter.
- So
- To begin with
- Also
- Now
- All the ballots have been accounted for. ____________, we’ve also double-checked the amount and cross-referenced the names.
- Then
- In short
- Thus
- Accordingly
- _____________ Lisa is _____________, Miranda can take over the research and development department.
- As far as / concerned
- However / asked
- As far as / thinking
- As for / treated
- This argument is not clearly formulated in your thesis. ______________, it remains unclear what your overarching goal is.
- However
- Besides
- Furthermore
- But
- You remember Sam from school? I met him just before work. ___________, we’re going to go get a drink.
- Subsequently
- Tomorrow
- Now
- Afterwards
- The doctor will be with you shortly. ______________, help yourself to some of our magazines, and there’s an activity corner for the children.
- Finally
- Later
- Meanwhile
- At last
- This is not a viable option for many reasons. _____________, we simply don’t have the budget.
- That is
- In short
- After all
- Despite this
- I would like to order a pizza. _____________, can I have a coke with that please.
- But
- Also
- Next
- Similarly
- If we expand operations in these highlighted sectors we’ll double our earnings. ____________, the company will be able to expand to other cities.
- Then
- Afterwards
- As a result
- Thus
- The bills have gone up this month considerably. __________________, I think we’ll be canceling some of the subscriptions we have.
- At any rate
- As for
- All in all
- Actually
- According to this theory, the main character can also function as the antagonist. ______________, their role is perfect for the role of antagonist in this situation.
- Nevertheless
- Indeed
- Despite this
- In fact
- His mom told him so many times not to play on ice. __________, he didn’t listen until he slipped.
- Yet
- In contrast
- And
- Instead
- If you can’t find parking here we should head into the city center. There’s a parking garage _________________ of the theater.
- Inside
- Outside
- On the other side
- Beyond
- We’re not going to get a table at the Italian place this late. ____________, we can go to the Greek place just down the street.
- Instead
- Yet
- Maybe
- All the same
- During this drill you’ll need to focus on your target. ______________, I want you to engage the enemy and secure the hostages.
- Primarily
- But
- Also
- Secondary
- _______________, I’d like to thank everyone for being here on this rainy day. ______________, I’d like to thank our sponsors for making all this possible.
- Soon / After
- Now / Later
- Firstly / Secondly
- Before / After
- You need to go down the street for three blocks, and then make a right turn at the intersection. _____________ you’ll find the Chinese restaurant you’re looking for.
- In the back
- Nearby
- There
- Now
- Bring the presents down to the car, ____________ don’t forget the flower for mom.
- And
- So
- Too
- But
- I did feel something for Jason before we broke up. _______________, he did lie to me often.
- Instead
- On the other hand
- But
- All the same
- The fundraiser was a tremendous success because there were over a hundred people attending. _____________, we made thousands of dollars in donations.
- Subsequently
- Also
- Conversely
- On top of that
- We’ve been working on this presentation for weeks now and Mark hasn’t contributed anything. _______________, I believe he hasn’t even read the materials.
- However
- Regarding
- Namely
- In fact
- Mom said your friends can’t be in the study, since all of dad’s stuff is there. ______________, she doesn’t want you near his rifle collection.
- Ever
- Currently
- In particular
- Moreover
- We’re going to have to change your graphics card. ________________, the motherboard is incompatible with the one you currently have.
- Along those lines
- Namely
- Yet
- In other words
- He never listens to me! ________________, we have to talk about the new fiscal year.
- So
- Because
- Instead
- Nevertheless
- I’m going to go out with Jake, since he’s asked me so many times. _______________, what have I got to lose.
- Again
- Besides
- Despite
- Similarly
- I know you really liked him, but he’s a jerk. _______________, you’re better off without him.
- For one thing
- Finally
- Besides
- Lastly
- _______________ you don’t shift gears from 1st to 3rd, ____________ you can’t shift from 1st into reverse.
- Another / like
- Now / then
- Just as / so too
- Likewise / equally
- This housing project will bring so many jobs to the local community. _______________, the quality of life will also improve.
- Therefore
- However
- Despite
- Yet
- People say English is so easy to learn. _________________, most of them are not aware of the all the grammatical complexities.
- Nevertheless
- And
- But
- On the other hand
- This item is something we offer. ____________, we don’t have it in stock.
- Finally
- Here
- Meanwhile
- Currently
👉 Connectors Synonyms
Connectors are not only used in grammar. Connectors are things that are used to connect or tether two, or more, things together. There are many different synonyms for connectors:
Examples:
- Bond, coupling, joint, link, adapter, clamp, fastener, junction, tie, terminal, plug, fitting, splicing, fastener, sleeve, etc.
👉 Sentence Definition
A sentence is a set of words that forms a coherent and complete thought and message. This means that a sentence says something concrete. It has to be structured and logical in order for the sentence to be correct.
Sentences are made up of various parts, such as: nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, articles, etc. Within a sentence, there are parts that relate the thought and message, such as: subject, predicate, object, phrase, punctuation, etc. Each of these parts is important for a sentence to be complete.
Through sentences we tell other people what we think, feel, or what we want to do. In order to relate those thoughts we string together words into groups. These finally relate our message to other people and the world.
There are four different types of sentences, and each has its own specific goal and structure. These types are: declarative, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory.
What are connectors? Connectors in English grammar are basically conjunctive words that are used for connecting similar elements present in a sentence. There are different connectors in English that can be used for expressing your thoughts in a better way. Smart use of linkers can omit the requirement of single sentences and help in connecting the sentence in a more logical way.
In this article, you will not only know the various kinds of sentence connectors but will also get simple linker examples that will help you in understanding the meaning of connectors. So, let the journey begin.
Connectors in English Grammar
There are different types of connectors in English and each of those has a different use. So, how to use connectors? Let’s check all of those sentence connectors and the examples.
Also Read: Simile Figure of Speech: Examples of Simile Figure of Speech
Contrast
Logical connectors to show the contrast | Sentence Linkers example |
But | I wanted to go swimming but I am so tired. |
However | The film received good ratings; however, it was very long. |
On the other hand/ on the one hand | I was eager to join them for the vacation but on the other hand, my exam dates were getting closer. |
Otherwise | Remind them beforehand otherwise, they might leave without taking the tickets. |
Unlike | Zoey loved hot chocolate, unlike John. |
Conversely | Zoey may not perform up to the mark in science subjects, but conversely, he has an impeccable hold in literature. |
At the same time | She felt guilty and depressed at the same time. |
In spite of | In spite of heavy rainfall, he took out his scooter and headed towards the hospital. |
Despite | She kept on arguing despite her mistake. |
Even though/ Although | He could manage the cooking part even though that would not taste awesome. |
Still/ Yet/ Nevertheless | They are still present.
I have not received it yet. What you said was right but nevertheless harsh. |
Even so | He had a headache but even so, he went to pick her up. |
On the contrary | Mother thought John was studying but on the contrary, he was sleeping. |
In contrast | Rehan Infotech made a profit of Rs. 5 Crore in contrast to last financial year’s loss of Rs. 10 Lakhs. |
Whereas | All of her daughters are engineers whereas the younger one chose to be a teacher. |
Cause & Effect Connector Words
These kinds of sentence connectors are used for explaining the reasons behind something.
Cause & effect sentence connector words | Example of linkers in English grammar |
Therefore | I slept very late last night, therefore, I missed the morning prayer. |
So | The blue bag was full so he kept the packet in the yellow bag. |
Because | |
Thus | |
Hence | He is looking for a formal trouser because he has an important meeting tomorrow. |
Due to | The match got cancelled due to the heavy rain. |
As a result | As a result of the heavy rain, the match got cancelled. |
Consequently | I got stuck in the traffic consequently I missed the flight. |
Since | Since she loves ice cream so much, I decided to give her an ice-cream printed dress. |
Seeing that | Seeing that he was losing the fight, he started blaming her mother. |
On account of | Both the siblings were mentally unstable on account of their disturbed childhood. |
Connectors of Sequence and Conclusion
Sequence, conclusion and time connectors | Example of connector words in sentences |
Later | Later, it all got resolved. |
After | He also left after his wife. |
Before | You have to try before coming to a conclusion. |
Then | Once you reach the office, then make a call to the supervisor. |
Next | The next episode is going to be very interesting. |
Soon | They are soon to graduate. |
Finally | Finally, the war came to an end, |
Second/ Secondly | Secondly, you have to manage the team. |
At first sight | At first sight, he appeared to be very arrogant. |
First | First, you should go to the washroom and take a bath. |
First of all | First of all, they are not my family and I can not be held responsible for their immature behaviour. |
In the first place | In the first place, take care of the pets and then do the rest of your work. |
To start with | To start with, I asked her to tell us about her hobbies. |
Lastly | Lastly, we had our dinner and left. |
And finally | And finally, the day of the verdict came. |
In conclusion | In conclusion, it is always better to take prevention than cure. |
Advanced Connectors
Advanced connectors | Use of linkers in sentences |
In addition/ besides | The umbrella will protect you from the Sun, besides it will also come handy if rainfall starts. |
On top of that | And on top of that, you will also get incentives. |
Furthermore | He was tired and hungry furthermore he was ill. |
Moreover | You have to cook lunch and moreover that you also have to go to the market in the evening. |
What’s more | What’s more, now you have all that is required to have a wonderful vacation. |
Purpose
Most common connector words | Linkers example |
In order to | In order to prove him wrong, he started shouting. |
So as to | You have to study hard so as to improve your career. |
So that | Give me your resume so that I can forward it to the right department. |
In order that | I want to finish my work today so that I can spend my weekend relaxing. |
Also Read: Telephone Conversation in English: Formal Phone Conversation Examples for Better Understanding
Example Linkers in English Grammar
Example sentence connectors | Linkers example |
For example | For example, take the rising graph of air pollution. |
For instance | I like a few vegetables, for instance, potato, cabbage etc. |
Opinion English Connectors List
Different opinion connectors in English | Use of linker words in sentences |
To tell the truth | To tell the truth, I didn’t like the show at all. |
Personally | The show must go on, personally I think so. |
To be honest | To be honest, I don’t support the idea of destroying her career. |
I think that | He has run away, I think. |
It is true that | It is true that a lot of hard work has been put in here but I really can’t see any reflection of that. |
I agree | I agree with her decision. |
As far as I am concerned | As far as I am concerned, I am done with it. |
I disagree | I disagree with the thought of buying a new car even when we already have two. |
From my point of view | The sin is terrific from my point of view. |
Explanatory Linkers in English Grammar
Explanatory sentence connectors | Linkers example |
More or less | There will be more or less 30 guests. |
In general | Old people, in general, like to spend time with their grandkids. |
Especially | It’s tough to sleep, especially after the strong coffee we drank. |
In particular | All women, in particular, have to be strong and determined. |
Essentially | An electric kettle is useful essentially for the winter months. |
Basically | The cake is basically full of chocolates. |
In other words | The problem, In other words, is that we have to re-write the whole script. |
In short | The outing, in short, could not lift up my mood. |
Above all | The idea behind the meeting is, above all, to make the employees aware of the current financial crisis faced by the company. |
At least | At least now when you know that we are here, you can jump in any day. |
Emphasis Connector Words
English connectors list | Example |
Also | He was told to study and also to take care of the dog. |
Indeed | She was sweet indeed but needed proper grooming. |
Of course | Sportsmen have a competitive approach while playing but of course, that should not be carried off the ground, |
Certainly | Certainly, she has witnessed something cruel otherwise she would not be so nervous. |
Specifically | He specifically looked for a diamond-studded ring. |
Significantly | Her health was significantly improving. |
Notably | Her academic career has been notably amazing. |
Addition Linkers in English Grammar
Sentence connectors | Linker words example |
As well as | The sound, as well as the picture quality, is amazing. |
Further | I introduced him to the other members and that’s it, I had no further conversation. |
and then | John came from swimming and then left for basketball coaching. |
And | He and other members went to the party. |
Too | He too misbehaved with the maid. |
In addition to | In addition to the notes, the teacher also suggested some reference books for the preparation. |
Not only – but also | We are not only harming the environment but also becoming inhuman day by day. |
Or | We can go to the movies or to the park. |
Comparison
English comparison connectors list | English connectors example |
As …as | He is as good as his sister. |
Equally | Both of them are equally talented. |
As if | It seems as if they have cried a lot. |
Similarly | We have chosen our group members, similarly, you can do that too. |
Comparable | Today’s weather is comparable with that of Darjeeling. |
Like | He was determined to get a high-rank job like his cousin. |
In like manner | All responded in a like manner. |
In the same way | Now do the rest of the drawing in the same way as I did. |
Despite this | She kept on going despite this injury on her left feet. |
Alternatively | You can go to that Italian restaurant or alternatively you can even choose the Mexican food counter on the opposite side of the road. |
By the way | By the way, here is my card. |
Unless | I won’t pay you unless you drop me to the right stoppage. |
Also Read: Oxymoron Figure of Speech: How to Use Oxymorons in Common Day to Day Life?
Illustration Connectors in English Grammar
Where linkers are used? Check out the table below with examples
Connector words | Example |
Such as | There are many famous railway stations in the state of West Bengal such as Howrah, Sealdah, Ghum etc. |
In this case | In this case, emotion will matter more than logic. |
For one thing | He dedicated his entire youth for one thing only. |
Illustrated by | The entire story was illustrated by Mr Sameer in a very clear manner. |
Clause Connectors
Clause connectors are connector words used for connecting or joining clauses to create a grammatical and logical sentence.
There are three groups under clause connectors:
# Subordinator/ subordinating conjunction
# Coordinating conjunction
# Sentence connector
Subordinator/ Subordinating Conjunction
# After
# Before
# Since
# Until
# When
# While
# Because
# Since
# To make a contrast
# Even though
# Though
# Whereas
Coordinating Conjunction
# And
# But
# Yet
# Or
# Nor
# For
# And so
Sentence Connector
# Furthermore
# In addition
# Besides
# Moreover
# However
# Nevertheless
# Otherwise
# Consequently
# And therefore
Importance of Connectors in English Grammar
Connectors are important because they make any phrase more logical and understandable. As a result, any transcriptionist who is transcribing audio files or other taped materials should constantly be conscious of the use of conjunctions. Consider the existence of the coordinating conjunction to denote reason in the following sentence: “I walked to the office because my car was being repaired.”
While it may be tempting to add or change terms to make a phrase appear more genuine and proper, transcriptionists must resist the temptation since some contractors are passionate about the language they record or use. What a transcriptionist can do is transmit the proposals that the contractors have in mind. Respect is noticed and rapport is developed in this manner.
Conclusion
Connectors play an important role in English grammar as these help in forming sentences logically. There are different kinds of complex sentence connectors or phrase connectors but each of those has different usage.
Hopefully, this article will help you in identifying the different connectors in English and will also make you understand the uses.
So now that you have got all the required information on connector words, how are you planning to use these? Do share your thoughts with us by commenting in the box below. Check out The Fluent Life to learn English within a month. Click on the link.
Also Read: What is the Personification Figure of Speech? Let’s Learn English Grammar to Communicate Better
Нам бывает непросто выразить свои мысли лаконично и связно, когда мы общаемся на английском, пишем электронные письма по работе, отправляем сообщения иностранным друзьям. Сегодня расскажем, какие связующие выражения и вводные слова можно использовать, чтобы сделать вашу речь красивой, понятной и логичной.
Что такое linking words
Для начала нужно разобраться, что такое linking words и зачем их нужно знать.
Linking words — это связующие элементы, которые употребляют для логического перехода от одной мысли к другой. Они сделают вашу речь или письмо понятнее для англоговорящего читателя и обеспечат более высокий балл при сдаче любого экзамена. По-другому их называют discourse markers — маркеры беседы, связующие обороты речи.
Linking words могут быть выражены отдельными словами (например, however) или фразами (например, as a result), относиться к разным частям речи и употребляться в разных частях предложения.
Часть речи | Слова-связки | Место в предложении | Пример |
---|---|---|---|
Союз | Like, because, although | В большинстве случаев ставятся в середине предложения, но могут быть и в начале, например although. | Although shopping online is quite cheap, delivery periods can be very long. — Несмотря на то, что покупать онлайн довольно дешево, сроки доставки могут быть очень долгими. |
Предлог | Due to, despite the fact that, because | Ставятся перед существительными. | Young professionals are moving abroad because of low salaries in their native country. — Молодые специалисты переезжают за границу из-за низких зарплат в их родной стране. |
Наречие | Therefore, indeed | Ставятся в начале предложения, выделяются запятыми. | The deadlines of the project are close. Therefore, we need to begin the launch of our product. — Сроки завершения проекта поджимают. Поэтому нам нужно запускать наш продукт. |
Linking words можно разделить на множество групп в зависимости от их функции (противопоставление, добавление новой информации, введение, заключение и т. д.). Давайте разберем каждую группу отдельно.
1. Purpose — цель написания
Эта группа наиболее важная, ведь в любой письменной работе мы указываем цель ее написания. Эссе, письмо другу или e-mail по работе — в большинстве случаев мы начинаем с объяснения, зачем мы пишем тот или иной текст. Например:
- in order to do smth, so as to do smth — чтобы сделать что-то;
- so that — чтобы;
- to that/this end — с этой целью.
I am writing to you so as to confirm my participation at the conference. — Я пишу вам, чтобы подтвердить свое участие в конференции.
I would like to confirm my participation at the conference so that there is no misunderstanding. — Я бы хотел подтвердить свое участие в конференции, чтобы не было недопонимания.
Zoologists are seeking to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched. — Зоологи пытаются понять, как животные общаются друг с другом. С этой целью было начато новое исследование.
Хотите как можно скорее заговорить на английском? Тогда записывайтесь на бесплатный пробный урок.
2. Opinion and emphasizing — выражать мнение и акцентировать внимание
Это также одна из наиболее полезных групп linking words, так как во многих письменных заданиях необходимо выразить свое мнение по поводу той или иной идеи. Наиболее употребляемая фраза — in my opinion (по моему мнению). Как же можно заменить это выражение?
- in my view, to my mind, to my way of thinking — на мой взгляд, по моему мнению;
- personally, I believe that — лично я думаю, что;
- I feel strongly that — я глубоко убежден, что;
- I am inclined to believe that — я склонен полагать, что;
- it strikes me that, it seems to me that — мне кажется, что;
- as far as I am concerned — насколько мне известно.
To my way of thinking, in any occupation talent is more important than skills. — На мой взгляд, в любой профессии талант важнее умений.
I am inclined to believe that the problem of malnutrition in poor countries doesn’t depend on technological development. — Я склонен полагать, что проблема недоедания в бедных странах не зависит от развития технологий.
It strikes me that there is a larger issue in the team. — Мне кажется, что в команде есть еще более весомая проблема.
Иногда хочется подчеркнуть особую важность того или иного факта. Следующие слова помогут красочно, а главное, правильно это сделать:
- clearly, obviously — определенно, очевидно, бесспорно;
- needless to say — само собой разумеется;
- significantly, importantly — что особенно важно.
Clearly, if everyone were allowed to carry a gun, the crime rate would rise. — Бесспорно, если бы каждому было позволено носить оружие, уровень преступности возрос бы.
Importantly, the writer was being employed by the leading party when he wrote this work, and was therefore under pressure. — Что особенно важно, писатель работал на ведущую партию, когда написал данную работу, и поэтому был под давлением.
3. Listing facts and addition — перечисление фактов и добавление новой информации
В подтверждение вашему мнению зачастую необходимо привести ряд доказательств. Правильно и логично их выразить помогут следующие связующие слова и фразы, они всегда на письме выделяются запятой.
- firstly, first of all — во-первых;
- first — для начала;
- to start with, to begin with — прежде всего;
- in the first place — в первую очередь;
- secondly — во-вторых;
- thirdly — в-третьих;
- then, next — затем;
- afterwards, after that — после этого;
- finally — наконец;
- lastly — в заключение;
- last but not the least — последнее, но не менее важное.
To begin with, you should wash the wound in the cold water. Next, wrap a bandage around the cut. Lastly, put the patient in a comfortable position. — Прежде всего, вам следует промыть рану холодной водой. Затем обмотайте рану бинтом. В заключение, положите пациента в удобное положение.
Если вы хотите добавить какую-либо информацию к своему высказыванию, используйте подходящие слова-связки. Одна из типичных ошибок — это постоянное использование союза and (и) и also (также). В английском языке существует множество альтернативных слов и фраз:
- moreover, furthermore, in addition — более того (используются в начале предложения);
- besides — кроме того;
- as well as — так же, как и;
- coupled with — наряду с;
- not only … but also — не только …, а также и;
- not to mention, to say nothing of — не говоря уже о (используется, чтобы подчеркнуть новый аргумент);
- on top of that — сверх всего прочего, вдобавок ко всему;
- not only that, but — при этом.
That war caused suffering to millions of people worldwide, not to mention its impact on countries’ economy. — Эта война обрекла на страдания миллионы людей по всему миру, не говоря уже о ее влиянии на экономику стран.
The characters of the novel missed their train, and on top of that they were alone in the middle of nowhere. — Герои романа опоздали на поезд, и вдобавок ко всему они остались одни в глуши.
4. Contrast — противопоставление
Уметь правильно высказать противоположные мнения или факты также важно. Вместо обычного but (но) употребляйте следующие linking words:
- however — однако;
- on the one hand — с одной стороны;
- on the other hand — с другой стороны;
- having said that — вместе с тем, при этом;
- then again, that said — впрочем, хотя;
- yet — тем не менее (если стоит в начале предложения);
- despite smth, in spite of smth, notwithstanding smth — несмотря на что-либо;
- nonetheless, nevertheless — несмотря на это, все равно.
It is well known that the first landing on the Moon took place on July 20, 1969. Having said that, some people assert that it is a hoax. — Всем хорошо известно, что первая высадка на Луну была 20 июля 1969 года. При этом некоторые утверждают, что это ложь.
The manager says that a fire was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was paid to say this. — Менеджер утверждает, что причиной случившегося стал пожар. Впрочем, возможно, что ему заплатили, чтобы он так сказал.
Ann was not doing well in her physics course. Yet, she managed to get a high grade in the final exam. — Анна не очень хорошо училась по физике. Тем не менее ей удалось получить высокую оценку за итоговый экзамен.
Notwithstanding some members’ objections, the company went ahead with the plan. — Несмотря на возражения некоторых членов, компания продолжила идти по намеченному плану.
The research had its limitations, but it was important for us nevertheless. — В исследовании были свои ограничения, но оно все равно было важным для нас.
5. Comparing — сравнение
При сравнении двух точек зрения можно использовать следующие linking words:
- likewise, similarly — равно как и, таким же образом, аналогично;
- whereas — тогда как;
- conversely — и наоборот, в свою очередь;
- by contrast, in comparison — напротив, зато, в противоположность;
- although, even though — хотя;
- unlike — в отличие от.
Cars must stop at red traffic lights. Likewise, bicycles have to stop too. — Машины должна останавливаться на красный свет. Таким же образом должны поступать и велосипедисты.
People who aim to climb corporate ladders develop this trait while growing up. Conversely, people who search for stability acquire these values in their childhood. — Люди, которые стремятся идти по карьерной лестнице, приобретают эту черту характера пока взрослеют. В свою очередь, люди, которые ищут стабильность, получают эти ценности в детстве.
The marketing department suffers from absenteeism. By contrast, the call center employees are performing very well. — В отделе маркетинга наблюдается проблема отсутствия работников без уважительной причины. Зато сотрудники колл-центра работают очень хорошо.
The village festival went well, unlike the previous year when very few people came. — Сельский праздник прошел хорошо, в отличие от предыдущего года, когда собралось совсем мало людей.
6. Cause and consequence — причина и следствие
Важно уметь не только выражать свое мнение, но и аргументировать его. Многие изучающие английский язык делают ошибку, используя только because (потому что) и so (поэтому), тогда как существует множество синонимичных слов и фраз для выражения причин или следствий:
- Cause — причина
- since, as — так как;
- owing to the fact that, due to the fact that — в связи с тем, что;
- on the grounds that — исходя из того, что;
- in view of, in light of — принимая во внимание, исходя из;
- because of — из-за.
Since they had to wait for the train, they decided to have a cup of coffee. — Так как им нужно было ждать поезд, они решили выпить по чашке кофе.
Many members have objected to the proposal on the grounds that it would be too costly. — Многие члены не одобрили предложение исходя из того, что оно может быть слишком затратным.
In view of the late hour, the chairman decided to put off that discussion until the next meeting. — Принимая во внимание позднее время, председатель решил отложить обсуждение до следующего собрания. - Consequence — следствие
- consequently — следовательно;
- as a result — в результате этого;
- as a consequence — вследствие этого, как следствие;
- therefore — поэтому;
- for this reason — по этой причине, в силу вышесказанного;
- thus — так, таким образом.
Nowadays young adults receive a lot of help from their parents. As a consequence, they are remain unemployed longer than previous generations did. — Сегодня молодые люди получают много помощи со стороны родителей. Вследствие этого они остаются безработными дольше, чем представители предыдущих поколений.
We were unable to get funding. For this reason, we had to abandon that idea. — Нам не удалось получить финансирование. По этой причине нам пришлось оставить эту идею.
This plan will reduce waste, and thus cut costs. — Благодаря этому плану мы сможем сократить количество отходов и таким образом снизить расходы.
7. Example — пример
Помимо всем известного выражения for example (например) есть и несколько других вариантов linking words, позволяющих привести пример:
- for instance — например;
- to give an illustration — наглядно показать;
- such as — такой как, а именно;
- particularly, in particular, especially — в особенности.
Some birds migrate to avoid harsh winter climates. Swallows, for instance, leave the UK in early winter and fly south. — Некоторые птицы мигрируют, чтобы избежать суровых зим. Ласточки, например, ранней зимой улетают из Великобритании на юг.
To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of obesity. — Для наглядности давайте рассмотрим проблему ожирения.
If you want to decrease your chances of having a heart attack, you should reduce your intake of meat, in particular red meat. — Если хотите уменьшить вероятность инфаркта, вы должны сократить потребление мяса, в особенности красного.
8. Condition — условие
Следующая группа linking words позволит добавить уточнение к уже сказанному или сделать оговорку:
- provided that, providing that, providing, on the condition that — при условии, что;
- in the event of, in case of — при возникновении, на случай (после ставится существительное);
- in the event that, in case — в случае, если.
He can borrow my car providing he doesn’t drive too fast. — Он может взять мою машину при условии, что не будет ехать слишком быстро.
It’s better to take an umbrella in case of rain. — Лучше взять зонтик на случай дождя.
In the event that trouble starts, lock all the doors! — В случае если начнутся волнения, закрой все двери!
Если вы хотите говорить грамотно, свободно выражать свои мысли и не делать ошибок на письме, запишитесь на курс «Практическая грамматика».
9. Introduction and conclusion — введение и заключение
В этой части разберем, какие слова-связки подходят для введения и заключения:
- Introduction — введение
Зачастую в начале письменных работ можно привести какое-то общеизвестное мнение или факт, таким образом представив тему, о которой пойдет речь. Употребляйте следующие фразы:
- it is widely believed that — многие считают, что / повсеместно считается, что;
- people often claim that — люди часто утверждают, что;
- some people argue that — некоторые люди приводят аргументы, что / утверждают, что;
- as a general rule, generally — как правило, обычно;
- on the whole, in general — в целом, в общем.
It is widely believed that the Earth is the only planet in our solar system where life is possible. — Считается, что Земля — это единственная планета в нашей солнечной системе, где возможна жизнь.
As a general rule, people who exercise regularly do not suffer from stress. But some people argue that they are still exposed to stress-related problems. — Как правило, люди, которые регулярно делают физические упражнения, не страдают от стресса. Но некоторые утверждают, что они все равно подвержены проблемам, вызванным стрессом. - Conclusion — заключение
- taking everything into account, all things considered — принимая все во внимание;
- as was previously stated — как уже отмечалось ранее;
- in conclusion — в заключение;
- to sum up — подводя итог;
- above all — главным образом, а главное;
- all in all — подводя итог изложенному выше, отметим.
All things considered, we can state that the general situation in the region is improving. — Принимая все во внимание, можно заявить, что общая ситуация в регионе улучшается.
To sum up, it is unlikely that mankind will ever bring an end to all wars. — Подводя итог, маловероятно, что человечество когда-либо положит конец войнам.
Above all, it is important to remember that natural resources are depleting. — Главное, важно помнить, что природные богатства истощаются.
All in all, the problem of civil war victims in these countries still remains. — Подводя итог изложенному выше, отметим, что проблема жертв гражданской войны в этих странах по-прежнему существует.
Теперь вы сможете более уверенно высказывать свое мнение, выражать несогласие или наоборот поддерживать точку зрения своего собеседника. Предлагаем вам повторить пройденный материал и пройти тест.
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English Words Connectors. Connetctors for English and Linking Words. English grammar with exercises. Free eBook and Free printable PDF. English ESL Worksheets
English Words Connectors
Connectors in English grammar are basically conjunctive words that are used for connecting similar elements present in a sentence. There are different connectors in English that can be used for expressing your thoughts in a better way.
There are different types of connectors in English and each of those has a different use.
Linking Words
Contrast
Logical connectors to show the contrast | Sentence Linkers example |
But | I wanted to go swimming but I am so tired. |
However | The film received good ratings; however, it was very long. |
On the other hand/ on the one hand | I was eager to join them for the vacation but on the other hand, my exam dates were getting closer. |
Otherwise | Remind them beforehand otherwise, they might leave without taking the tickets. |
Unlike | Zoey loved hot chocolate, unlike John. |
Conversely | Zoey may not perform up to the mark in science subjects, but conversely, he has an impeccable hold in literature. |
At the same time | She felt guilty and depressed at the same time. |
In spite of | In spite of heavy rainfall, he took out his scooter and headed towards the hospital. |
Despite | She kept on arguing despite her mistake. |
Even though/ Although | He could manage the cooking part even though that would not taste awesome. |
Still/ Yet/ Nevertheless | They are still present. I have not received it yet. What you said was right but nevertheless harsh. |
Even so | He had a headache but even so, he went to pick her up. |
On the contrary | Mother thought John was studying but on the contrary, he was sleeping. |
In contrast | Rehan Infotech made a profit of Rs. 5 Crore in contrast to last financial year’s loss of Rs. 10 Lakhs. |
Whereas | All of her daughters are engineers whereas the younger one chose to be a teacher. |
Cause & Effect Connector Words
These kinds of sentence connectors are used for explaining the reasons behind something.
Cause & effect sentence connector words | Example of linkers in English grammar |
Therefore | I slept very late last night, therefore, I missed the morning prayer. |
So | The blue bag was full so he kept the packet in the yellow bag. |
Because | |
Thus | |
Hence | He is looking for a formal trouser because he has an important meeting tomorrow. |
Due to | The match got cancelled due to the heavy rain. |
As a result | As a result of the heavy rain, the match got cancelled. |
Consequently | I got stuck in the traffic consequently I missed the flight. |
Since | Since she loves ice cream so much, I decided to give her an ice-cream printed dress. |
Seeing that | Seeing that he was losing the fight, he started blaming her mother. |
On account of | Both the siblings were mentally unstable on account of their disturbed childhood. |
Connectors of Sequence and Conclusion
Sequence, conclusion and time connectors | Example of connector words in sentences |
Later | Later, it all got resolved. |
After | He also left after his wife. |
Before | You have to try before coming to a conclusion. |
Then | Once you reach the office, then make a call to the supervisor. |
Next | The next episode is going to be very interesting. |
Soon | They are soon to graduate. |
Finally | Finally, the war came to an end, |
Second/ Secondly | Secondly, you have to manage the team. |
At first sight | At first sight, he appeared to be very arrogant. |
First | First, you should go to the washroom and take a bath. |
First of all | First of all, they are not my family and I can not be held responsible for their immature behaviour. |
In the first place | In the first place, take care of the pets and then do the rest of your work. |
To start with | To start with, I asked her to tell us about her hobbies. |
Lastly | Lastly, we had our dinner and left. |
And finally | And finally, the day of the verdict came. |
In conclusion | In conclusion, it is always better to take prevention than cure. |
Clause Connectors
Clause connectors are connector words used for connecting or joining clauses to create a grammatical and logical sentence.
There are three groups under clause connectors:
- # Subordinator/ subordinating conjunction
- # Coordinating conjunction
- # Sentence connector
English Words Connectors
CONNECTORS FOR CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
EXERCISE 1.
Complete the following sentences using even if/ otherwise/ provided that/ whether…or.
e.g. I have to go to work…even if… I’d rather stay home.
- Children are allowed to enter…………………………………they are with an adult.
- I like hot weather…………………………………I don’t have to work.
- …………………………………it rains tomorrow, we will climb up to the top.
- You can choose…………………………………to come with me…………………………………to stay here.
- You have to study hard, …………………………………you will fail the exam.
- I will drive you to the station, …………………………………you’re ready in 5 minutes.
- I still don’t know…………………………………I go abroad…………………………………I spend a week at the seaside next Summer.
- I won’t help her…………………………………she begs me.
- You mustn’t shout at her, …………………………………she will start crying.
EXERCISE 2.
Rewrite each sentence so that you add if only/I wish followed by a suitable verb tense.
e.g. I feel sick. I’ve eaten too much cake.
I wish I hadn’t eaten so much cake.
- John doesn’t speak very clearly; that’s why people don’t understand him.
- Those shoes are too expensive, so I’m not going to buy them.
- It’s too cold today, so I won’t go out.
- Mary has to work on Friday night, so she can’t come to the party.
- It’s raining: we can’t go to the park.
- I wasn’t able to leave on time because Paul couldn’t give me a lift.
- I went home by bus, but the traffic was very bad. I should have gone on foot: it would have been quicker.
- I didn’t know Mary was ill, so I didn’t go to visit her.
- I was thirsty, but I hadn’t any money with me, so I couldn’t buy anything.
- I had to leave the party, I am so tired.
CONNECTORS – MODIFIERS
EXERCISE 1.
Read the following passage and fill in the gaps using the suitable linking words. Choose among the words in he box below:
In my opinion As a matter of fact Secondly After all
Besides Therefore But First….secondly On the other hand
John is very fond of Mary. Mary,……however…, is in love with Peter. ……………………………, Mary’s fancied him since they were at high-school. ……………………………Mary asked him out for dinner on Friday, but he turned her down. …………………………… she decided to go to Paris for a week-end with her friend Jane.
……………………………, they booked a fantastic suite in the most expensive hotel in town. ……………………………, they reserved a table in an amazing restaurant and had a full-course meal.
During the dinner, Jane gave Mary her point of view on Mary’s love story with Peter.“ ……………………………”, she said, “you’d better give up. ……………………………John is so in love with you. Why don’t you give him a chance? ……………………………he’s a very nice guy.”
“……………………………, I don’t give a damn about his feelings!” Mary replied “……………………………, he’s nothing but a pain in the neck to me”. ……………………………, he doesn’t seem to pay attention to a word I say. I told him to leave me alone hundreds of times!”. “He may be annoying sometimes”, Jane admitted, “ ……………………………he’s still such a gentleman! Do you remember when…”
“……when he took me to the worst restaurant I’ve ever been to in all my life and, ……………………………, made me pay the bill!”, was Mary’s reply “Yes, I do remember! ……………………………, I’ll never forget this experience!”
EXERCISE 2.
Complete the following sentences using the suggested linking words.
E.g.: John’s made a lot of money. (therefore)
Therefore, he can afford whatever he wants.
- I don’t like her. (In my view)
- Mary’s so lazy. (However)
- We should plan out trip in details. (First of all….secondly…,lastly)
- He’s such a pleasant man. (Besides)
- I don’t know him. (Actually)
- I don’t believe the story about Paul hitting his wife. (After all)
- They failed the exam. (As a result)
- It was a great film. (Anyway)
- She was born in London. (Therefore)
- That’s a fantastic idea. (But)
LINK WORDS TO EXPRESS CONTRAST
EXERCISE 1.
Rewrite the sentences using the given link word.
E,g It rained all day. We went to the football match. (Despite)
Despite the rain, we went to the football match.
- The doctor told me to stop smoking. I still smoke two packets a day. (Although)
- Nobody in my house watches television. We have a T.V. in every room at home. (Even though)
- I don’t know anything about cars. I’m going to become a mechanic. (However)
- I’m an only child. My parents don’t spoil me. (Although)
- My girlfriend left me for another man. I still love her. (In spite of)
- I’ve never been to America. I’m sure I wouldn’t like it. (Even though)
- I haven’t studied for the exam. I’m going to pass. (However)
- I love this city. I want to leave so I can see the word. (But)
- I eat chocolate everyday. I’m supposed to be on a diet. (In spite of)
- Although I am a Chelsea supporter, I think that Manchester United will win the Championship. (Despite)
- I think dogs are the best pets to have despite not having one. (However)
- Rome may be the Capital of Italy but many people consider Milan to be more important. (In spite of)
- 13. Even though I was the best student in the class, I didn’t get the highest marks in the exam. (Despite)
- Despite the fact that I woke up late, I was still on time for work. (However)
CLAUSES OF REASON
EXERCISE 1.
Link the two sentences (CAUSE and CONSEQUENCE) to form a clause of reason using the conjunctions AS, SINCE or BECAUSE
e.g. I’ve put on a few kilos over Christmas (CAUSE). I’m trying to lose some weight at the moment (CONSEQUENCE).
I’m trying to lose some weight at the moment because I’ve put on a few kilos over Christmas.
- You have come to see me. You might as well help me in the kitchen.
- I have arranged to go to a restaurant with my boyfriend. I’m not coming to the cinema.
- You have been working on your computer all day long. Your eyes are red.
- You said you were free. I have cancelled my business dinner.
- I have broken my leg. I can’t walk.
- John doesn’t love me anymore. I’m going to look for a new boyfriend.
EXERCISE 2.
Complete the following sentences adding the missing part (either the cause or the consequence). Use the phrases in the box.
HE LEFT HER | I’LL RESIGN NOW | BECAUSE I CAN’T SWIM |
I DON’T LOOK AFTER THEM AS I USED TO | I CAN’T BUY THAT DRESS | BECAUSE I HAVEN’T PASSED MY EXAM |
e.g. Since my children are nearly adults now,
Since my children are nearly adults now, I don’t look after them as I used to.
- I am very sad today __________________________________________
- As you think I’m not good enough for this job, ________________________
- I don’t want to go to the sea side __________________________________
- __________________________________ because I haven’t got any money.
- As he discovered that she was cheating on him, _______________________
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By
Last updated:
February 1, 2023
Are your essays in English marked poorly despite all your grammatically correct sentences?
Have you been told that your paragraphs often have no link to each other even if they discuss the same topic?
This is where English connectors come in (aka, the words I’ve marked in bold!).
And today, I’m here to share their magic with you!
Contents
- What Are English Connectors?
- 38 Common Connectors in English
-
- English Connectors for Cause and Effect
-
- 1. Because
- 2. Due to
- 3. As a result
- 4. Therefore
- 5. Thus
- 6. Consequently
- English Connectors for Illustration
-
- 7. For instance; For example
- 8. Such as; Like
- 9. As an example
- English Connectors for Emphasis
-
- 10. Actually
- 11. As a matter of fact
- 12. In fact
- 13. Most importantly
- 14. Especially
- 15. Most notably
- 16. Of particular significance
- English Connectors for Comparison
-
- 17. Similarly
- 18. In the same way; In the same manner
- 19. Additionally; Moreover
- 20. As well as
- 21. Like
- 22. Likewise
- English Connectors for Contrast
-
- 23. Whereas
- 24. Although; Even though
- 25. However
- 26. On the other hand
- 27. In spite of
- 28. Despite
- 29. On the contrary
- English Connectors for Sequence
-
- 30. Firstly… Secondly…
- 31. First of all… Second of all…
- 32. In the first place
- 33. Lastly
- 34. Finally
- English Connectors for Conclusion
-
- 35. In conclusion
- 36. To summarize
- 37. To sum up
- 38. All in all
- Tips for Practicing English Connectors
-
- Make Your Own Sentences
- Write a Short Story or Essay
- Learn English with Authentic Content
- Do Online Exercises
Download:
This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you
can take anywhere.
Click here to get a copy. (Download)
What Are English Connectors?
English connectors are little words and phrases that help you connect sentences and even paragraphs.
They’re used both in conversations and in writing. With the help of connectors, your essays automatically become more logical and structured.
One sentence automatically leads up to the next. As a result, your writing and speech become clearer and easier to understand.
In other words, if your sentences were the beads of a necklace, then connectors would be the thread that holds them together.
We use connectors all the time in everyday conversations, too.
You probably use some of them (because, for instance, despite, actually, whereas and so on) without even realizing.
To help you understand, I’ve bolded some of the connectors I’ve already used while writing this article.
Can you spot some more?
Each of these connectors has a specific purpose—some are used formally, while others are more casual. Some are even interchangeable!
38 Common Connectors in English
Below are some frequently-used English connectors and how they’re used.
Study each of the examples regularly and try to come up with sentences on your own. While most of these can be used in both speech and writing, some sound more formal than others and are typically only used in writing.
But no worries!
I’ll make it crystal-clear which connectors should be used for writing, conversations and both.
English Connectors for Cause and Effect
In many of our everyday conversations, we need to explain things.
Perhaps you were late for school and you explain to your teacher that it’s because your car ran out of gas.
Or the reason why you want to buy chocolates is that you want to surprise your mother on her birthday.
Explaining things will be much easier if you throw in these important English connectors.
Let’s take a look at them!
1. Because
The word “because” is used in both casual and formal contexts. You’ll definitely hear this word used in both writing and speaking! In fact, “because” might just be one of the most common English connectors out there.
Sheila was late for school because her car ran out of gas.
I’m hungry because I didn’t eat breakfast.
2. Due to
The phrase “due to” is used most commonly in writing or formal situations. For example, you’re more likely to say “due to” when sending your boss an email than when speaking to your best friend.
Unlike “because,” the connector “due to” is most commonly placed at the beginning of sentences rather than in the middle.
Due to Jack’s sickness, he missed two weeks of work.
Due to our budget, we can’t go on vacation this year.
3. As a result
This English connector can be used in all kinds of situations! It can be casual or formal and is commonly used in both writing and conversations.
Use this phrase when you want to explain what caused something.
For example:
As a result of her bad behavior, she wasn’t allowed to go to the party.
We didn’t sell many products last month. As a result, our profit was less than normal.
4. Therefore
The connector “therefore” is typically used in writing, and mostly in a formal context. It’s often used at the end or beginning of new paragraphs to explain what the outcome or conclusion is.
Apples are red and bananas are yellow. Therefore, they aren’t the same.
Julia tries a new recipe every day. Therefore, she’s had lots of practice cooking.
5. Thus
Similar to “therefore,” “thus” is also used in writing, either at the ending or beginning of new paragraphs.
Learning a new language takes time. Thus, you have to be consistent.
Bob was extremely good at baseball in high school. Thus, he continued to play in college.
6. Consequently
“Consequently” is typically used in writing, usually in a formal context.
Ben didn’t study for his exam. Consequently, he received a bad grade.
Anna has only cooked once in her life. Consequently, she’s very bad at it.
English Connectors for Illustration
Giving illustrations or examples helps us prove our point and can sometimes convince other people to believe us. These help people understand what you’re trying to say and can help them see why you believe what you believe.
7. For instance; For example
Both of these phrases are used in everyday conversations and in writing. In fact, they’re probably the most popular way to give examples in both formal and casual situations!
English is one of the most-spoken languages in the world. For example, there are over 1.50 billion English speakers as of 2022.
Learning grammar is hard sometimes. For instance, I spent four hours trying to learn how to use the conditional.
8. Such as; Like
The English connectors “such as” and “like” are both used very often in writing and casual conversations. Unlike the previous two phrases, these two can also be used to list things.
If you learn English, there are many career options open to you, such as teaching, journalism, advertising and so on.
My father loves Italian food, like pizza, pasta and ravioli.
9. As an example
This phrase is very similar to “for example,” but is more commonly found in writing.
He’s a dangerous criminal. As an example, he killed six women before being tracked down by the police.
English Connectors for Emphasis
Often while discussing an issue, we want to focus on a particular point or example. To make the listener understand the importance of that specific idea, we can use the following connectors.
10. Actually
The word “actually” is used quite often. As an English connector, you can use it at the beginning, middle or even the end of your sentences! Plus, you can use this connector in casual, formal, writing and conversational situations.
Actually, I think learning English was one of the best decisions I’ve ever made.
Using English connectors isn’t new. Actually, it’s more common than you think.
11. As a matter of fact
You’ll hear this phrase in everyday conversations and see it in writing. Whether you’re in a business setting or you’re chatting with a friend, you can use this helpful connector to prove your point!
Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the United States. As a matter of fact, there are 53 million speakers!
Going vegan is actually pretty easy. As a matter of fact, I don’t miss meat at all!
12. In fact
This is a phrase you’ll hear quite a lot in writing and conversation! It can also be used in both, formal and informal settings. It’s typically used after you state your opinion or a fact to support it with another.
We haven’t had any success using this method in the past. In fact, I don’t think it’ll work this time either.
I love chocolate chip cookies. In fact, I make them every day.
13. Most importantly
This is used most commonly in written and formal contexts, especially in essays and reports. However, you might hear it in everyday conversation from time to time, too!
Most importantly, without sunlight, there would be no life on this planet.
When writing an essay, you have to be organized. Most importantly, you have to be clear about what you want to say.
14. Especially
“Especially” can be spoken or written in both formal and informal contexts.
Leila needs some new paints, especially for her hand-drawn comics.
I love listening to music, especially rock and roll!
15. Most notably
This connector is used in a formal scenario, usually in writing.
Thomas Edison is credited with many discoveries, most notably the invention of the light bulb.
Mark Twain is a famous writer, most notably for his book “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.”
16. Of particular significance
This phrase is only used in writing, especially in reports and essays.
Of particular significance is his work on child psychology.
Anna’s baking skills are of particular significance.
English Connectors for Comparison
Sometimes we need to draw attention to certain similarities in order to make a point or explain something. This is especially important in writing!
To make better comparisons, use the following English connectors.
17. Similarly
“Similarly” is regularly used formally and informally, both in speech and writing.
You’re pretty good at math. Similarly, you’re a genius in science!
John is a hard worker. Similarly, he’s consistent and never gives up.
18. In the same way; In the same manner
These phrases can be spoken or written in any context.
The detective solved this mystery in the same manner: by careful observation and investigating.
I learned English on my own. In the same way, I’m learning Russian.
19. Additionally; Moreover
These words are usually used in written assignments, often at the beginning of new paragraphs to ensure they’re connected to the overall topic. Plus, these also work great as transitions. In other words, you can use these words to make new sentences and paragraphs flow with others.
Additionally, the novel also explores racism in America in the twentieth century.
Learning a language with flashcards is a method used by lots of people for many years. Moreover, it’s great for remembering everything you’ve learned!
20. As well as
Another useful phrase that can be applied in any context is “as well as.”
My sister is a painter as well as an excellent dancer.
Physics contains a lot of science as well as math.
21. Like
Aside from giving examples, “like” can also be used to show similarity.
Andrea often goes to concerts, like her cousin.
He talks to me like we’re strangers.
22. Likewise
The word “likewise” is used mostly in formal settings, and is used similarly to the word “also.”
Organize the papers in this drawer and, likewise, the ones on his desk.
My friend Emily likewise studied English.
English Connectors for Contrast
Sometimes we need to express different or contradicting ideas side-by-side. Doing this helps the listener or reader focus on important differences and makes them aware of the many sides of a topic. These connectors also help to connect different sentences into a single sentence.
23. Whereas
This is used both formally and casually, both in writing and in conversations.
Bill is good at writing, whereas Maria is good at speaking.
Spanish has verb conjugations, whereas Chinese doesn’t.
24. Although; Even though
Another popular connector, “although” can be used in any context.
Although Rose was a hard-working student, she failed the entrance exam.
Even though you’re young, you’re very mature.
25. However
The word “however” is very similar to “whereas,” “although” and “even though.” But it’s especially useful in connecting different paragraphs and sentences.
You can think of it as meaning the same thing as the word “but.”
You’re very healthy! However, you still need to exercise.
Salads are good for you. However, sometimes they’re expensive.
26. On the other hand
This connector can be spoken or written in any context.
Those shoes look good on you! On the other hand, do you have enough money for them?
Eating chocolate every once in a while is okay. On the other hand, eating chocolate every day is bad for your health.
27. In spite of
“In spite of” is a great phrase to know and is similar to “even though” or “although.”
In spite of the bitterness, I still like black coffee.
Kate and Mary are good friends, in spite of their different personalities.
28. Despite
This is a more common way to say “in spite of” and can be used in every situation.
Despite warning her, she still went into the scary woods.
I want to get more work done, despite being tired.
29. On the contrary
This phrase is usually used in written formal contexts, especially in essays.
On the contrary, I think he’s quite innocent and deserves a chance to explain himself.
Many people believe that Earth is the only planet with living creatures. On the contrary, I believe in aliens.
English Connectors for Sequence
These connectors are useful when you’re giving step-by-step instructions or you’re listing points.
30. Firstly… Secondly…
These are spoken and written in both casual and formal contexts.
Firstly, you need to mix the flour, baking soda and cocoa powder together. Secondly, you need to carefully add the milk.
31. First of all… Second of all…
This is another great way to introduce your points and list them chronologically.
First of all, I think learning another language is easy. Second of all, it only takes a few minutes a day.
32. In the first place
This connector is used commonly in speech, writing, formal and informal contexts.
He isn’t qualified to talk about the fight. He wasn’t even there in the first place.
33. Lastly
“Lastly” can be used in any context to state the “last” point of a topic. It’s a great way to conclude your thoughts!
Lastly, the effects of the chemicals must be taken into consideration.
34. Finally
This word can be used both formally and informally. When used in writing, it’s an excellent way to begin the last or the second-last paragraph. When used in speech, you can use it to give the final instructions or end a conversation.
Finally, mix all the ingredients well.
English Connectors for Conclusion
Finally, how do you let your reader know that you’ve reached the end?
There are certain connectors that we usually use during conclusions or when we’ve reached the end of what we wanted to say. When writing or stating conclusions, you usually repeat the most important points.
35. In conclusion
This phrase is used in formal writing as a way to begin the last or “concluding” paragraph in an essay or report.
In conclusion, we can’t ignore the role modern science plays in our everyday lives.
36. To summarize
This phrase is used both in speech and writing.
To summarize, you need to directly confront Kevin about the matter we’ve just discussed.
37. To sum up
“Sum up” can be used casually, formally, in writing or in conversations!
To sum up, I think Kayla should go to the party.
38. All in all
This phrase is used in conversations as well as in writing, but mostly in a casual way.
All in all, organizing a surprise birthday party for Josh was certainly worth it.
Tips for Practicing English Connectors
Here are some quick tips that’ll help you learn English connectors more efficiently.
Make Your Own Sentences
To explain the meanings and uses of different connectors, I’ve provided example sentences for each. However, you’ll remember them much better if you come up with your own examples!
You can start by using connectors in your diary entries, notebooks, essay paragraphs and more! Soon, you’ll find yourself using these connectors in everyday speech as well.
Write a Short Story or Essay
To see the huge difference English connectors can make, try writing a paragraph without any connectors and then rewrite it using some of the connectors above.
You’ll quickly realize that your sentences flow better, sound more logical and are easier to understand when using connectors.
Learn English with Authentic Content
You probably want to speak English like a native (or at least try to). So why not learn from natives? Try watching a speech in English to get a good idea of how these fit together. Look for ones with transcripts that you can annotate, maybe even circling all the connecting terms as you see them.
You could also try a virtual immersion program. FluentU, for example, has a wide variety of videos on all kinds of topics. There is a search feature to find videos with specific words or phrases as well.
Do Online Exercises
Finally, to find out whether you’ve understood how to use connectors correctly, you can check out these online exercises.
The ones on English Exercises, English Daily and English Grammar are pretty short and can be completed in a few minutes.
There’s also ToLearnEnglish, which provides a brief list of common connectors before you solve the exercise, making it a great resource for revision.
Now that you know the most commonly-used English connectors, you can use them in sentences and paragraphs with great confidence. Try your hand at some of the exercises I’ve suggested for practice.
So what are you waiting for?
Get out there and start incorporating these useful English connectors into your everyday life!
Download:
This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you
can take anywhere.
Click here to get a copy. (Download)
Содержание:
- Что такое слова-связки
- Виды слов-связок для письма и говорения
- Советы по использованию linking words
Основная цель нашей речи – и устной, и письменной – состоит в том, чтобы четко и ясно изложить информацию, донести мысль до слушателя или читателя, убедить его в своей правоте. Для достижения этой цели нужно последовательно излагать идеи, логически выстраивать свое повествование и выделять главные мысли. Слова-связки в английском языке предназначены именно для этого: они помогают показать связи между идеями, упорядочить высказывание, сделать его цельным и понятным аудитории.
Что такое слова-связки
Слова-связки (linking words) – это слова, которые используются для объединения частей высказывания, связи идей и создания логичного перехода от одной мысли к другой. Связующие слова и фразы могут соединять части сложного предложения или части текста. Они помогают автору речи делать акценты, выводить одну мысль из другой и шаг за шагом излагать свои мысли, как бы проводя аудиторию за руку от одной идеи к другой. Связки важны как для говорения, так и для письма.
Связки могут принадлежать разным частям речи. Самые простые примеры связок – and (и), but (но), so (таким образом), because (потому что). Они часто используются в повседневной речи и знакомы даже начинающим. В статье мы приведем примеры более сложных слов и фраз, которые могут пригодиться в деловых переговорах, публичных выступлениях, а также в написании текстов для ОГЭ и эссе для ЕГЭ.
Виды слов-связок для письма и говорения
Рассмотрим разные виды связующих слов в зависимости от их значения и роли в тексте.
- Sequence (последовательность)
Следующие слова помогут вам организовать логическую последовательность в тексте, упорядочить мысли. Их можно разделить на три группы: начало речи, продолжение, подведение итогов.
Beginning (начало) |
||
first/firstly |
[fɜːst] / [ˈfɜːstli] |
во-первых |
first of all |
[fɜːst ɒv ɔːl] |
прежде всего |
the first point is… |
[ðə fɜːst pɔɪnt ɪz] |
первый пункт |
to begin/start with |
[tuː bɪˈgɪn wɪð] / [tuː stɑːt wɪð] |
для начала |
first and most importantly |
[fɜːst ænd məʊst ɪmˈpɔːtəntli] |
первое и самое главное |
first and foremost |
[fɜːst ænd ˈfɔːməʊst] |
в первую очередь |
let us begin/start with… |
[lɛt ʌs bɪˈgɪn wɪð] / [lɛt ʌs stɑːt wɪð] |
начнем с… |
initially |
[ɪˈnɪʃəli] |
первоначально |
at the beginning |
[æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ] |
вначале |
Going further (продолжение) |
||
second/secondly |
[ˈsɛkənd] / [ˈsɛkəndli] |
во-вторых |
third/thirdly, etc |
[θɜːd] / [ˈθɜːdli] |
в-третьих, и т. д. |
the second/third point is… |
[ðə ˈsɛkənd pɔɪnt ɪz] / [ðə θɜːd pɔɪnt ɪz] |
второй/третий пункт |
next |
[nɛkst] |
следующий |
and then |
[ænd ðɛn] |
затем |
also |
[ˈɔːlsəʊ] |
также |
another |
[əˈnʌðə] |
следующий |
in addition |
[ɪn əˈdɪʃ(ə)n] |
в дополнение |
moreover |
[mɔːˈrəʊvə] |
более того |
further/furthermore |
[ˈfɜːðə] / [ˈfɜːðəˈmɔː] |
далее |
subsequently |
[ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli] |
впоследствии |
simultaneously |
[ˌsɪməlˈteɪniəsli] |
одновременно |
formerly |
[ˈfɔːməli] |
прежде |
previously |
[ˈpriːviəsli] |
ранее |
Concluding (заключение, подведение итогов) |
||
last/lastly |
[lɑːst] / [ˈlɑːstli] |
последний |
last but not the least |
[lɑːst bʌt nɒt ðə liːst] |
последнее, но не по значению |
finally |
[ˈfaɪnəli] |
наконец |
in conclusion |
[ɪn kənˈkluːʒən] |
в заключение |
to summarise |
[tuː ˈsʌməraɪz] |
подводя итог |
to sum up/summing up |
[tuː sʌm ʌp] / [ˈsʌmɪŋ ʌp] |
резюмируя/подводя итоги |
ultimately |
[ˈʌltɪmɪtli] |
в конце концов |
Приведем примеры предложений для эссе или устной речи, где вы можете использовать эти связующие слова:
To begin with, there are many causes of cultural differences. |
Начнем с того, что существует множество причин культурных различий. |
Firstly, there is the history of the people. |
Во-первых, это история народа. |
Secondly, geographical location and climate conditions. |
Во-вторых, географическое положение и климатические условия. |
Furthermore, religion plays an important part in national culture. |
Кроме того, религия играет важную роль в национальной культуре. |
In addition, there is also the economy and politics of the country. |
К тому же есть еще экономика и политика страны. |
- Result (результат)
Следующие слова и фразы указывают на следствие или результат того, что было сказано в предыдущих предложениях. С их помощью вы можете выразить причинно-следственные связи.
so |
[səʊ] |
таким образом |
as a result |
[æz ə rɪˈzʌlt] |
так |
as a consequence (of) |
[æz ə ˈkɒnsɪkwəns ɒv] |
вследствие этого |
consequently |
[ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli] |
вследствие |
due to |
[djuː tuː] |
ввиду |
because/because of |
[bɪˈkɒz] / [bɪˈkɒz ɒv] |
по причине |
since |
[sɪns] |
поскольку |
therefore |
[ˈðeəfɔː] |
следовательно/по причине |
thus |
[ðʌs] |
таким образом |
hence |
[hɛns] |
следовательно |
accordingly |
[əˈkɔːdɪŋli] |
соответственно |
for this reason |
[fɔː ðɪs ˈriːzn] |
по этой причине |
for that reason |
[fɔː ðæt ˈriːzn] |
по этой причине |
on account of this |
[ɒn əˈkaʊnt ɒv ðɪs] |
в связи с этим |
- Emphasis (акцентирование внимания)
Слова и фразы этого типа используются, чтобы выделить особо важную мысль, подчеркнуть ключевые моменты речи, усилить определенную идею.
undoubtedly/no doubt |
[ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli] / [nəʊ daʊt] |
без сомнения |
indeed |
[ɪnˈdiːd] |
действительно |
obviously |
[ˈɒbvɪəsli] |
очевидно |
admittedly |
[ədˈmɪtɪdli] |
по общему признанию |
particularly/in particular |
[pəˈtɪkjʊləli] / [ɪn pəˈtɪkjʊlə] |
в частности |
generally |
[ˈʤɛnərəli] |
обычно |
especially |
[ɪsˈpɛʃəli] |
особенно |
specifically |
[spəˈsɪfɪk(ə)li] |
конкретно |
in fact |
[ɪn fækt] |
на самом деле |
clearly |
[ˈklɪəli] |
безусловно |
especially |
[ɪsˈpɛʃəli] |
особенно |
mainly |
[ˈmeɪnli] |
главным образом |
notably |
[ˈnəʊtəbli] |
в особенности, заметно |
needless to say |
[ˈniːdlɪs tuː seɪ] |
само собой разумеется |
indeed |
[ɪnˈdiːd] |
действительно |
truly |
[ˈtruːli] |
истинно |
certainly |
[ˈsɜːtnli] |
определенно |
surely |
[ˈʃʊəli] |
несомненно |
Перечисленные выше выражения могут встретиться как в личном письме, так и в официальной речи, например:
It is mainly used in questions and negative statements. |
Он в основном используется в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях. |
Needless to say that literature is a very important part of human culture. |
Излишне говорить, что литература – очень важная часть человеческой культуры. |
Undoubtedly they are both excellent engineers. |
Несомненно, они оба отличные инженеры. |
Obviously you didn’t read it. |
Очевидно, вы не читали это. |
Surely, this question is very important. |
Без сомнения, этот вопрос очень важен. |
- Example (пример)
Приведенные ниже слова для связки предложений используются, чтобы уточнить свои идеи и проиллюстрировать их примерами.
for example |
[fɔːr ɪgˈzɑːmpl] |
например |
for instance |
[fɔːr ˈɪnstəns] |
к примеру |
that is |
[ðæt ɪz ] |
то есть |
such as |
[sʌʧ æz] |
такие как |
namely |
[ˈneɪmli] |
именно |
proof of this |
[pruːf ɒv ðɪs] |
доказательство этому |
like |
[laɪk] |
подобно, такие как |
including |
[ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ] |
включая |
to demonstrate |
[tuː ˈdɛmənstreɪt] |
чтобы продемонстрировать |
to clarify |
[tuː ˈklærɪfaɪ] |
чтобы внести ясность |
in this case |
[ɪn ðɪs keɪs] |
в данном случае |
В учебниках и научной литературе часто используются латинские фразы или аббревиатуры:
e.g. (exempli gratia) |
[ig’zempli ‘grætiə] / [‘i’ʤi] |
например |
i.e. (id est) |
[‘id æst] |
то есть |
- Addition (дополнение)
При изложении основных тезисов иногда требуется ввести в речь дополнительную информацию или побочные идеи. Ниже представлен список слов и выражений, которые помогут вам в этом.
and |
[ænd] |
и |
also |
[ˈɔːlsəʊ] |
также |
too |
[tuː] |
тоже |
as well as |
[æz wɛl æz] |
и, а также |
along with |
[əˈlɒŋ wɪð] |
наряду с |
besides |
[bɪˈsaɪdz] |
кроме того |
in addition |
[ɪn əˈdɪʃ(ə)n] |
в дополнение |
additionally |
[əˈdɪʃənli] |
дополнительно, вдобавок |
equally important |
[ˈiːkwəli ɪmˈpɔːtənt] |
не менее важно |
not to mention |
[nɒt tuː ˈmɛnʃən] |
не говоря уже о |
Not only… but also… |
[nɒt ˈəʊnli]… [bʌt ˈɔːlsəʊ]… |
Не только… но и… |
What is more… |
[wɒt ɪz mɔː]… |
Более того… |
One could also say… |
[wʌn kʊd ˈɔːlsəʊ seɪ]… |
Можно также сказать… |
- Contrast (противопоставление)
Иногда вам нужно сравнить идеи или явления и подчеркнуть их разницу. Таблица ниже содержит примеры слов-связок, которые выражают противопоставление.
however |
[haʊˈɛvə] |
однако |
nevertheless |
[ˌnɛvəðəˈlɛs] |
тем не менее |
nonetheless |
[ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs] |
несмотря на |
still |
[stɪl] |
все же |
but |
[bʌt] |
но |
yet |
[jɛt] |
хотя/но |
though |
[ðəʊ] |
хотя, впрочем |
while |
[waɪl] |
пока/несмотря на то |
whereas |
[weərˈæz] |
между тем как |
in contrast (to) |
[ɪn ˈkɒntrɑːst tuː] |
в противоположность |
on the contrary |
[ɒn ðə ˈkɒntrəri] |
напротив |
on the other hand |
[ɒn ði ˈʌðə hænd] |
с другой стороны |
unlike |
[ʌnˈlaɪk] |
в отличие от |
despite |
[dɪsˈpaɪt] |
несмотря на |
in spite of |
[ɪn spaɪt ɒv] |
вопреки |
alternatively |
[ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪvli] |
в качестве альтернативы |
conversely |
[ˈkɒnvɜːsli] |
наоборот/напротив |
even though |
[ˈiːvən ðəʊ] |
хотя/даже если |
although |
[ɔːlˈðəʊ] |
однако/несмотря на |
still |
[stɪl] |
все же/однако |
- Comparison (сопоставление)
Следующие слова можно использовать для выражения сходства идей или явлений, о которых вы говорите.
similarly |
[ˈsɪmɪləli] |
аналогично |
likewise |
[ˈlaɪkwaɪz] |
также |
like |
[laɪk] |
как |
also |
[ˈɔːlsəʊ] |
тоже |
same as |
[seɪm æz] |
такой же как |
similar to |
[ˈsɪmɪlə tuː] |
подобный |
analogously |
[əˈnæləgəsli] |
аналогично |
equally |
[ˈiːkwəli] |
в равной степени |
just as/just like |
[ʤʌst æz] / [ʤʌst laɪk] |
такой же/одинаковый |
in the same way/in the same manner |
[ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ] / [ɪn ðə seɪm ˈmænə] |
таким же образом/способом |
by the same token |
[baɪ ðə seɪm ˈtəʊkən] |
по той же причине |
Both… and… |
[bəʊθ]… [ænd]… |
Как… так и… |
- Generalization (обобщение)
В письменных работах для ОГЭ часто требуется ввести общеизвестную мысль или обобщить идеи. Для этого используются следующие слова:
generally |
[ˈʤɛnərəli] |
главным образом |
in general |
[ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl] |
в основном |
as a rule |
[æz ə ruːl] |
как правило |
in most cases |
[ɪn məʊst ˈkeɪsɪz] |
в большинстве случаев |
on the whole |
[ɒn ðə həʊl] |
в целом |
Советы по использованию linking words
Уместное употребление слов-связок поможет выстроить структуру текста и логически связать ваши мысли. Это особенно важно для сочинения на экзамене и выступления перед аудиторией. Запомните следующие правила:
- Не злоупотребляйте связками. Используйте их разумно там, где они необходимы.
- Используйте только те фразы, значение которых вам точно известно. В противном случае вы рискуете исказить свою же мысль или быть неправильно понятым аудиторией.
- Будьте разнообразны, не используйте одни и те же фразы. Постарайтесь запомнить несколько вариантов связок для разных случаев.
- Помните о пунктуации. Если связка стоит в начале предложения, после нее обычно ставится запятая. Если она используется для соединения двух предложений, обычно в конце первого предложения ставится точка с запятой, а после связки – запятая.
Репетиторы по английскому языку на Study.ru.
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Когда мы общаемся с людьми, то наша основная цель — передать информацию и быть правильно понятыми. Достичь этого будет гораздо проще с помощью специальных слов–связок – «linking words» или «linkers» – которые не просто украшают речь, но и помогают собеседнику понять сюжет вашего сообщения.
В русском языке мы также используем подобные слова: «например», «поэтому», «прежде всего», «в общем», «кроме того», «несмотря на это», «очевидно» и т.д. Давайте разберемся, какие английские эквиваленты таких слов и выражений входят в необходимый минимум для свободного общения
Пройдите тему в онлайн тренажере:
- Топ 100 слов уровня Pre-Intermediate
- Топ 100 слов уровня upper-intermediate
- Топ 100 слов уровня Intermediate
- Топ 100 фразовых глаголов
- Топ 100 слов уровня Elementary
Одной из основных целей каждого человека, изучающего иностранный язык, является сделать свою речь как можно более богатой, непринуждённой и приближённой к оригинальному варианту разговора.
Самый простой пример это слово and (и). Да, это союз, но в сложных предложениях он выступает связующим звеном между простыми предложениями.
Связующие слова нельзя отнести к определённой части речи, так как словом-связкой может быть и союз, и наречие, и предлог, и частица и так далее. Но основная функция этих помошников заключается в том, что они придают нашим высказываниям логически завершённую форму, такой себе четкий контур, к которому стремилась наша мысль.
Категория | Слова и выражения | Пример |
Причина и эффект | because (of) — потому что; так как; затем что; ибо; ввиду того, что; so — же; насколько; чтобы, таким способом, указанным образом, с тем чтобы; так; accordingly — соответственно; таким образом; следовательно; поэтому; в соответствии; thus — следственно, таким образом, в силу этого, так что, благодаря этому; consequently — следовательно; в результате; поэтому; вследствие этого; hence — следовательно; в результате; отсюда; therefore — по этой причине; вследствие этого; следовательно; потому; as – так как, ; оттого что; в связи с тем что; в силу того, что; due to (the fact that) – в связи с, согласно (тому что), по причине, исходя из, из-за, вследствие; owing to – по; из-за; вследствие; по причине; благодаря; since – по той причине что, учитывая, что. |
We had to wait because, it was raining. — Нам пришлось подождать, потому что шел дождь. |
Акцентирование внимания | typically – как правило, типично, по большей части, как обычно, в большинстве случаев; as a general rule – как правило; обычно; в общем и целом; surprisingly – поразительно; на удивление; как ни странно; неожиданно; obviously – очевидно; безусловно; конечно; чересчур открыто; разумеется; in fact – собственно; фактически; более того; кстати; вообще; вообще-то; especially – в особенности; главным образом; в частности; особенно; clearly – бесспорно, прямо, разумеется, явно, четко, понятно; importantly – что немаловажно, важно; значительно; |
I don’t want to talk about this, especially with her. – Я не хочу говорить об этом, особенно с ней. |
Сравнение | similarly — подобным образом; так же; аналогично; подобно; сходно; точно так ж; likewise — также; более того; тоже; так же, таким же образом; whereas — исходя из того, что; с учётом того, что; в связи с тем, что; on the other hand — зато; с другой стороны; но с другой стороны; впрочем; однако; except — за вычетом/исключением; кроме как; не говоря о; помимо; by comparison — для сравнения, в то время как; сравнительно; when compared to — по сравнению с; equally — в равной степени; одинаково; равно; наравне; in the same way — точно таким же образом; подобным образом; |
Life is difficult in extreme polls; similarly, it is horrible near the Equatorial regions. |
Контраст | however — однако; yet — при этом, с другой стороны, впрочем, в то же время; still — при этом; even though — но хотя; несмотря на то,что; и хотя; даром что; on the other hand — хотя, с другой стороны, что же касается; otherwise — без этого, в противном/ином случае; after all — ведь, как-никак, не стоит забывать что, к тому же, напоследок; on the contrary — как раз наоборот, совсем наоборот, на самом деле, напротив; in contrast — в отличие от этого; для сравнения; напротив; unlike — в отличие; instead of — взамен; чем (вместо чего-л.); вместо; alternatively — или же; вперемежку; поочерёдно; иначе; наоборот; although, even – даже если; but – но, ведь; всего; исключая; хотя; |
Simon did not pass the exam then; nevertheless, he got high skills in English now. — Саймон не справился с экзаменом тогда, как бы то ни было, у него все отлично с английским сейчас. |
Дополнение | and — и, причем, а не, при этом, а также, тогда как; also — тоже; притом; при этом, а еще, также, в том числе, кроме того; even — вровень; даже; точно; хоть; на одном уровне; ровно; again — снова, опять же, вновь; ещё раз; к тому же; кроме того; вдвое; further — к тому же, также, еще; к тому же; similarly — подобным образом; так же; аналогично; подобно; сходно; точно так же; as well as — а также; а также и; так же как; также; заодно и; apart from – кроме. исключая; наряду; не говоря о; независимо; оставляя в стороне; besides – кроме того; помимо того; также; вдобавок к тому; кроме; помимо; кстати; in addition – к тому же; moreover – кроме того; более того; сверх того; к тому; мало того; too – очень; крайне; также; тоже; к тому же. |
It is very hot today; moreover, there is a power outage. — Сегодня очень жарко, кроме того, произошел перебой питания. |
Пример, подтверждение | for instance — например; in this case — в этом случае; in another case — в другом случае; in this situation — в данной ситуации; in this manner — таким образом, таким способом, эдак (этак); to illustrate — для иллюстрации / наглядного примера; to my mind — на мой взгляд, по моему мнению; in my opinion – по моему мнению, на мой взгляд; from my point of view – с моей точки зрения; for example – например; as follows – следующий; such as – такой как; |
I think he is very rich; for example, he gave a hundred bucks to a hobo. — Я думаю, он очень богат, например, он дал 100 баксов бомжу. |
Последовательность | first — в первую очередь, во-первых, первоначально; second — во вторую очередь, во-вторых, в следующих, далее; third — в-третьих, в третью очередь, третье; next — далее, следующим шагом, потом; затем; после; then — затем, позже; после чего, то время; в дальнейшем; following — исходя из этого, в результате, вследствие; now — теперь, нынче, вот, итак, в настоящее время; at this point — на данный момент, на этой стадии; на этом месте, пока что; after — после; eventually — в конечном счёте; в итоге; со временем; однажды; finally — наконец, в конце; в заключение; под конец; в конце концов; в конечном счёте; lastly — на последнем месте, в конце; в заключение; под конец, наконец; previously — предварительно; заранее; ранее; прежде; раньше; уже; |
First, I’d like to get to know you. — Сперва, я бы хотел познакомиться с тобой. |
Подведение итогов | on the whole — в целом; учитывая все обстоятельства; в итоге; вообще; в среднем; in sum, to sum up, in summary – подводя итог; thus — таким образом, отсюда и; as a consequence – как результат, в результате, соответственно, и, как следствие; as a result – в результате; hence – таким образом, исходя из этого, получается, следственно; in brief, in short – коротко, вкратце; in conclusion – в заключение, в завершении, напоследок, подводя итоги; so – итак, therefore – таким образом, по этой причине; вследствие этого; следовательно; потому; to conclude – делая выводы; |
In brief, it is a good film. — Короче, это хороший фильм. |
Читай также
Текст и перевод песни Call Me by Your Name (Lil Nas X — MONTERO)
Время и последовательность
Если мы рассказываем о каком-то процессе, например, приготовлении салата или строительстве дома, и хотим логически выделить его этапы, то нам пригодятся такие слова-связки:
- firstly, to begin with, for a start, first of all — начало процесса;
- after that, next, secondly, subsequently — продолжение;
- to conclude, finally, last of all — завершение.
Советуем к прочтению: Чем отличается Start от Begin?
First of all, choose the place where you would like to spend your holidays. After that, you should book tickets and a hotel room. Finally, you can start packing suitcases.
Дополнение
Когда мы дополняем сказанное новыми фактами, можно использовать следующие фразы:
in addition to, apart from, besides, moreover, as well as, also.
Apart from the budget, we discussed new marketing strategies.
Высказывание своей точки зрения
Иногда нужно подчеркнуть, что какая-то идея — это именно ваше мнение. С одной стороны, вы можете выделить оригинальность вашей мысли, с другой стороны, такое высказывание звучит менее категорично и более вежливо. Вот некоторые связующие слова для выражения ваших собственных суждений:
- to my mind, it seems to me;
- inclined to think, strongly believe.
I am inclined to think that our government should take more effective steps to protect the environment.
Ссылка на других
Это очень даже по-английски — преподносить какой–либо факт, ссылаясь на общественное мнение. Как и в случае с собственной точкой зрения, это помогает избежать категоричности и делает любое заявление более лояльным:
- it is said that, it is usually believed, it is claimed that;
- people often think, some people argue that.
It is usually believed that black cats bring bad luck.
Пример и подтверждение
Чтобы убедиться, что вас поняли правильно, можно повторить основные моменты другими словами или с использованием конкретных примеров:
- in other words, for example, to illustrate;
- namely, one example of this.
Nowadays, healthy lifestyle is becoming really popular. For exampe, the fact that more and more people stop smoking.
Сравнения и контраст
Иногда нам нужно показать контраст между несколькими явлениями или фактами, иногда мы хотим найти сходство между ними. В обоих случаях можно использовать соответствующие слова–связки:
- in contrast, in spite of, however, in comparison with, unlike — эти слова показывают различия;
- similarly, just like, likewise, in the same way, equally — способы передачи сходства.
I have always liked reading books, unlike my brother, who really hates it. However, we enjoy watching movies together.
Причина и эффект
Если мы хотим донести до собеседника логическую структуру каких-то событий, показать, что именно привело к таким последствиям, то нам помогут такие фразы:
- because of, due to, since, as;
- therefore, consequently, as a result, so.
Yesterday he was stuck in a traffic jam. Because of that he was late for the meeting.
Акцентирование внимания
Чтобы подчеркнуть значимость своих слов, обратить на них внимание собеседника, возьмите себе на вооружение некоторые из этих слов:
- indeed, in fact, particularly, no doubt, obviously,
- needless to say, as a matter of fact, surely, certainly.
Needless to say, I was really glad to receive such a nice present.
Предложение альтернативы
Если у нас есть возможность рассмотреть другие варианты развития событий, почему бы не показать это? Всегда приятно иметь выбор, поэтому берите любое словосочетание из этой подборки:
- on the other hand, alternatively;
- the alternative is, another possibility would be.
Not everyone can find enough free time for attending English courses. The alternative is to study English via Skype.
Подведение итогов
Когда вы делаете выводы, нелишним будет повторить основные пункты с помощью определенных связующих слов:
- as has been noted, finally, in brief, in short,
- to summarise, in conclusion.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that this contract is extremely important for our company.
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Michael Jackson и его песни на английском
Заключение
Мы надеемся, что отныне ваша речь станет более красивой, благодаря данной статье. To summarize, хотелось бы добавить 3 общих совета по использованию слов-связок. Помните, что:
- все хорошо в меру, поэтому не стоит переусердствовать с количеством;
- лучше освоить 10 простых linking words, чем быть непонятым из-за употребления сложных;
- даже если какое-то выражение вам очень нравится, не стоит начинать с него каждое предложение.
Студенты, которые занимаются на наших занятиях по Скайпу, так любят фразу «I think», котора легко заменяется на «I believe» или «I suppose». Keep that in mind and be creative!
Спасибо за внимание и до скорой встречи!
Большая и дружная семья EnglishDom
Connectors are semantic unit of a text. In other words that contribute to give meaning and cohesion in a text, they help to structure the beginning, middle and end between sentences and paragraphs; make the text and speech more refined. Imagine you read a text where the ideas of ‘ addition ‘ are all expressed with and (She bought a house and before she moved she demolished some walls. And when she did so she found a giant termite mound. So she had to hire someone to remove it and build new walls). In this article we will elaborate you the Connectors in English grammar.
Well, today’s article we will see the connectives , how to efficiently connect our ideas, concepts, thoughts within the same text or speech. To use connectors , we need to think of a logical order of facts and events to make the text easier to understand.
Connector classification
Now look at the classification of Connectors in English grammar
1-Add-on connectors
They are connectors used to add information to the text. In addition, they allow you to continue with the same topic or add new related data.
Examples
- In addition.
- Also.
- On the other hand.
- What’s more.
- Even.
- Above all.
- In fact.
- In the same way.
- On the other hand
- At the same time.
- It’s more.
- By the way.
- Should be added.
- By the way.
- In addition.
- Y.
- And if that was not enough.
- It’s more.
- In the same way.
- To top.
- Besides.
2-Comparison connectors
This type of connector is used to compare ideas, characteristics, or objects, and indicate similarities.
Examples
- Similarly.
- Equally.
- Such as.
- Likewise.
- In the same way.
- Identically.
- In the same way.
- Equivalent to.
- As with.
- Like.
- In the same way.
- Similarly
- What.
- Compared to.
- While.
- Something similar happens with.
- Instead.
- Unlike.
- At the same time.
3-Order connectors
The order connectors are used to be placed in the text in an orderly way. They indicate when the described begins, ends or develops. Grammar connectors for good writing
Examples
- First of all.
- First.
- Finally.
- Previously.
- In another order of ideas.
- Then.
- Later.
- Definitely.
- At the moment.
- Anyway.
- From.
- By last
- To get started.
- For these reasons.
- On one side.
- An element.
- A second aspect.
- The other part.
- As to.
- After.
4-Exemplification and Explain Connectors
In this case, the connectors work to give another point of view or way of understanding a previous text.
Examples
- Namely.
- In other words.
- Globally.
- On the whole.
- For example.
- As well as.
- I mean.
- Rather.
- In other words.
- Specifically.
- In summary.
- Indeed.
- Such as.
- The same happens with.
- It is the case of.
- Let’s say.
5-Causal connectors
Also called casual connectors, they are those used to offer a cause or reason for what is raised.
Examples
- For this reason.
- Whereby.
- Due.
- Given the.
- In consecuense.
- So that.
- Because of.
- As.
- Because.
- By the fact of.
- It is just that.
- The result of.
- Thanks to.
- Therefore.
- For this reason.
- For.
- By the way of.
- In view of.
- The result of.
- Since.
- As.
- So.
- Whereby.
6-Conditional connectors
These types of connectors are used for the union of two related actions or circumstances. One of the actions must be fulfilled in order for the other to exist.
Examples
- In case of.
- Unless.
- As long as.
- As long as.
- Yes.
- Assuming that.
- Unless.
- With the condition of.
- Taking into account that.
- Because.
- Like.
- Supposing that.
- Provided that.
7-Purpose connectors
These connectors are used to express the purpose or end of an action.
Examples
- With the intention of.
- With the objective of.
- For the purpose of.
- In such a way that.
- So that.
- To what.
- With the purpose of.
8-Consequence or consecutive connectors
They are used to indicate a consequence of the above. They can also indicate an obstacle to taking such action. Grammar connectors for good writing
Examples
- Although.
- Despite.
- So that.
- Although.
- As a result of.
- Then.
- For this reason.
- Therefore.
- So that.
- Even so.
- Anyway.
- Yes OK.
- Even so.
- With everything.
- Either way.
- So that.
- The reason for.
- Being so
- Therefore.
- What affects.
- So.
9-Opposing or contrast connectors
In this case, the connectors are used to indicate an obstacle or difference to what is stated.
Examples
- Conversely.
- Nevertheless.
- Instead.
- Even if.
- Despite.
- However.
- In contrast with.
- Although.
- Quite the contrary.
- On the other hand.
- Otherwise.
- Nevertheless.
- Otherwise.
- Opposite to that.
- However.
- Even so.
- Anyway.
- After all.
- In any case.
- In any case.
- However.
- Rather well.
- Even so.
- With everything and that.
10-Time connectors
They are used to express a chronology of time in the text about the actions or events that are presented. They can refer to the past, present or future. Grammar connectors for good writing
Examples
- In the morning.
- At dusk.
- Later.
- As soon as.
- Once Upon a time.
- Long time.
- Over time.
- At the moment.
- Parallel.
- At that time.
- Today.
- At that time.
- In our days.
- In this decade.
- For now.
- Later.
- At this time.
- At the same time.
- Previously.
- Later.
- At this precise moment.
- In the meantime.
- Simultaneously.
- Finally.
11-Spatial or locative connectors
These connectors are used to indicate or detail the space in the writing.
Examples
- There.
- In front of.
- Behind of.
- That place.
- Between.
- Above.
- Under.
- On the left.
- In the background.
- Next to.
- Near.
- Far from.
- Beyond.
- To the right of.
12-Synthetic or conclusive connectors
These are connectors used to lead to the completion of an idea.
Examples
- In consequence.
- Therefore.
- In summary.
- So that.
- In conclusion.
- Summarizing.
- Synthesizing.
- In a nutshell.
- From which it is concluded that.
- Hence.
- To close the idea.
- Thus.
- Definitely.
- In such a way.
- By last.
- In sum.
- Ultimately.
- I said.
- In one word.
- In short.
- Anyway.
13-Emphasis connectors
They are connectors used to highlight an idea. Grammar connectors for good writing
Examples
- It should be noted.
- In fact.
- Of utmost importance.
- Of course.
- For sure.
- It is necessary to underline.
- It should be noted that.
- Undoubtedly.
- It should be emphasized.
- Definitely.
- It is important to highlight.
- In fact.
- We repeat.
- Or what is more.
- Namely.
- Indeed.
- It is obvious that.
- Naturally.
- It should be noted that.
- We must not forget that the most important thing.
14-Disjunctive connectors
In this case the connectors are used to separate the new phrases from the previous sentence.
Examples
- Whether.
- Among other.
- OR.
- OR.
- Whatever.
- Other
- Already.
15-Subtraction connectors
They are used to delete or remove an item or fact. Grammar connectors for good writing
Examples
- Except.
- Unless.
- Unless.
- Except.
- Outside.
Examples of using grammar connectors
Below are the examples of Connectors in English grammar
- We should go to the doctor because I see you really sick. (Of cause).
- I had very good grades, for that reason I deserve an award. (Of cause).
- Mariana is very pretty, as well as intelligent. (Of addition).
- Lunch is very tasty, but the juice is lacking. (Opposition).
- Tomorrow I will start yoga classes. (Of time).
- I want to see a movie, but I also want to sleep. (Of opposition and extension).
- It’s too late, of course I’m hungry. (Of emphasis)
- First , we will explain what natural numbers are. (Of order).
- We will not laugh at the beach, unless you eat all your food. (Of condition).
- There are several colors of carriage available, including green, blue and black. (As an example).
- In short, it is time to be at home and avoid going out. (Synthesis).
- Currently there is a great variety of media. (Of order).
- I’m already less hot, but I need a lemonade to cool me down. (Opposition).
We hope that you have understood the concept of Connectors in English grammar.