Word combinations be famous for

to be famous for to be full of to be of great interest to be proud of to be called after continuous steel casting iron and steel works coal mining industry metal processing places of interest

славиться чем-либо быть наполненным чем-либо представлять большой интерес гордиться чем-либо, кем-либо называть, давать имя непрерывная разливка стали металлургический комбинат горнодобывающая промышленность металлообработка достопримечательности

TULA

Situated
south of Moscow in the central part of the East European plain on the
Middle Russian Hills, the Tula region covers an area of 25,700km(1.5% of Russia’s territory). The region’s territory embraces 21
cities and towns and 50 urban settlements. Total population is
1,840,000, out of which urban population accounts for 81,4%.

The
center of the region is the city of Tula with the population over
half a million. Tula, which is first mentioned in the chronicles in
1146, was founded on the banks of the Upa river.

In the
Middle Ages it was the central strategic point in the defense of
Moscow. This had a decisive influence on the specifics of the
region’s industrial development.

Tula has
long been famous for its blacksmiths and gunsmiths. The trade of the
blacksmiths began to develop in Tula in the 16^th
century. Tula blacksmiths specialized in making rifles The whole
families and even streets were engaged in making this or that part of
the rifle. That is why many streets of Tula are still called after
the parts of the rifle – Zamochnaya, Kurkovaya, Stvolnaya, etc.

By the 16^th
–17^th
century, Tula had grown into a developed center of weapon-making
crafts and metal treatment. In 1712 following a decree issued by
Peter the Great a state gun-making plant was founded in Tula.

Tula
was the first place in Russia to develop ferrous metallurgy and
metal-processing industry. In metal-processing Tula craftsmen
acquired great skill. But most of the enterprises were handicraft
artels and small plants producing samovars and different handmade
goods.

With the
development of capitalism in Russia industrial enterprises in Tula
increased in number. By the end of the 19^th
century Tula had about 200 enterprises with 13 thousand workers.

At
present there are many plants and factories in Tula.

Being
part of the Central Economic Region, the Tula region has close
economic ties with other regions of the Russian Federation.

The
basic industries are machine-building, chemical, ferrous metallurgy,
building materials industry, coal mining, light and food industries,
power engineering and electronics. Machine-building and metal-working
account for 21.9% of the total industrial output, chemistry and
petrochemistry 20.8%, metallurgy 17.1%, electric power generation
11.9%, food industry 13%, and light industry 3.9%.

The
machine-building branch is represented by large enterprises
manufacturing agricultural machinery, machine tools, equipment for
the light and food industries, units and parts for gas pipelines,
pumps, cranes, construction and transportation machinery, domestic
gas fittings, scooters etc. Chemical industry enterprises produce
fertilizers, synthetic rubber, plastics and plastic articles,
detergents, synthetic vitamins and other products. The old gun-making
plant produces hunting rifles and sport guns which help our sportsmen
to win victories at international competitions.

The
Tulachermet Concern, a leading metallurgical enterprise in Russia,
has made a great contribution to the development of world metallurgy.
The enterprise has been the first in the world to master the method
of continuous steel casting, the process of metal powder manufacture,
plasma spraying, and production of alloys with specific properties.

The
old traditions of making famous Tula rifles, samovars, bayans
(accordions) and spice cakes live on.

Primary
attention in agriculture is given to the production of grain,
potatoes, sugar beet, milk and meat.

Today’s
Tula is not only an industrial but also a cultural, scientific and
educational center of our country. Tula has many educational
establishments such as Tula State University and Tula State
Pedagogical University, many colleges and secondary schools.

Dozens
of research institutes and design bureaus concentrate a considerable
scientific potential. These institutions are engaged in long-term
research in technologies of machine-building, metallurgy, polymers,
control systems, town planning etc.

The
city has four theatres, a regional philharmonic society, some clubs,
palaces of culture, libraries, and publishing houses that issue about
a hundred newspapers and magazines.

Tula
has many places of interest, the Museum of Arms is well known not
only in our town. It was established in 1724. In the museum we can
see the products of skillful Tula gunsmiths. It has models of Russian
weapons beginning with the Kulikovo Battle in 1380 to the years of
the Great Patriotic War. There are also tiny engravings which one can
see only through a microscope. The museum of Regional Studies is of
great interest too. It presents to its visitors the heroic past of
our town. The Art Gallery has a collection of rare pictures,
sculptures and items of applied arts.

Not
far from Tula is Yasnaya Polyana. Here the great Russian writer Leo
Tolstoy lived and worked for almost all his life. Now it is a museum.
Many people not only from our country but also abroad visit Yasnaya
Polyana every day.

The
Kremlin, the Victory Square with its eternal flame, the monument to
the defenders of Tula, the vast central park belong to the sights of
Tula. The picture will not be complete if we forget our central
stadium with its sports play grounds, the indoor stadium and the
famous cycle-drome.

The
appearance of our city has greatly changed. From a dirty provincial
town with wooden houses and narrow streets it has turned into a
modern city. The main street of our city and many other tree-lined
streets are always full of people and the traffic is rather heavy
(busy). In the streets we can see many cars, buses, trolleybuses,
trams, taxis.

Tula
grows from day to day. Old houses and back-yards have almost
completely disappeared giving way to new high buildings. New
modern-style districts have appeared in the former suburbs of Tula.

The
citizens of Tula are proud of their city which is becoming more
beautiful from day to day.

1. Read
   the text ‘Tula’. Find the sentences that might be the answers to the
   questions below:

1. When
   was Tula founded?

2. What
   river is Tula situated on?

3. What
   is the population of Tula at present?

4. What
   had a decisive influence on the industrial development of Tula?

5. Who
   founded a state gun-making plant in Tula?

6. What
   are the basic industries in Tula?

7. What
   is Tula famous for?

8. What
   sights are there in Tula?

1. Write
   the following words in transcription. Translate them:

acquire,
appearance, area, artel, avenue, blacksmith, circus, craftsman,
cycle, enterprise, eternal, issue, model, museum, provincial, region,
sculpture, sightseeing, society, specialize, square, suburb.

1. Translate
   the following a)word combinations; b)sentences:

1. 1.
   the central part of Russia;

2.
to cover an area;

3.
on the banks of the Upa river;

4.
the parts of the rifle;

5.
a decree issued by Peter the Great;

6.
a state gun-making plant;

7.
ferrous metallurgy;

8.
metal processing industry;

9.
handmade goods;

10. to
master the method of continuous steel casting;

11.
machine tools;

12. metal
powder manufacture.

1. 1.
   Tula was founded in 1146.

2.
Tula has long been famous for its blacksmiths and gunsmiths.

3.
Tula blacksmiths specialized in making rifles.

4.
The whole families were engaged in making this or that part of a
rifle.

5.
Many streets in Tula are called after the parts of a rifle.

6. Tula
craftsmen acquired great skill.

7.
At present there are many plants and factories in Tula.

8.
The old gun-making plant produces hunting rifles and sport guns.

9. The
machine-building plants produce various machine tools.

10. In the
Tula region there are many coal mining enterprises.

1. Complete
   the sentences:

The streets of Tula are full of	людей; автобусов; троллейбусов; автомобилей.
Many streets of my city are called after	писателей; выдающихся людей; ученых.
This city is famous for	памятниками; площадями; музеями; театрами.
Moscovites are proud of	своим городом; метро; новыми торговыми центрами.
Have you ever been to	новом районе? Москве? Третьяковской галерее?
What places of interest	Вы посетили в Санкт-Петербурге? Вы видели в Москве? в Вашем городе Вам нравятся больше всего?
Это предприятие Этот район Это ружье	is of great interest.

V. Fill in the missing
words.

1. Many
   streets of Tula /называются
   по/
   the parts of a rifle.

2. The
   citizens of Tula /гордятся/
   their city which becomes more /красивым/
   from day to day.

3. Tula
   is a modern city with many industrial /предприятиями/
   such as /машиностроительные,
   металлообрабатывающие,
   горнодобыва—ющие,
   химические/
   and others.

4. /Памятник
   защитникам/
   of Tula with its eternal flame stands in the Victory Square.

5. The
   Kremlin, the vast central park, /цирк/
   and many monuments belong to the /достопримечательностям/
   of our city.

6. The
   Arms Museum /известен/
   not only in our city.

7. /Уличное
   движение/
   in our city is rather /оживленное/.

8. There
   are many /высоких/
   buildings in the new districts of our city.

VI.
Say in English. Use the given word combinations:

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