Word class exercises with answers - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Márcia Fernandes Licensed Professor in Literature

Word classes or grammatical classes are sets that serve to classify words under the morphological aspect.

There are 10 classes of words: noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, article, numeral, preposition, conjunction, interjection and adverb.

Check out the questions on this topic commented by our expert professors.

Question 1

(And either)

The world is big

The world is big and fits

In this window over the sea.

The sea is big and fits

On the bed and on the mattress to love.

Love is great and fits

In the brief space of kissing.

_{ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. Poetry and prose. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Aguilar, 1983.}

In this poem, the poet realized a stylistic option: the reiteration of certain constructions and linguistic expressions, such as the use of the same conjunction to establish the relationship between the phrases. This conjunction establishes, among the related ideas, a sense of:

a) opposition

b) comparison

c) conclusion

d) alternation

e) purpose

View Answer

Correct alternative: a) opposition

a) CORRECT. The conjunction used «e» («The world is big and fits», «The sea is big and fits», «Love is big and fits») is classified as an adversarial coordinator, because it expresses opposition. To better understand, we can rewrite the verses with another adversative coordinating conjunction, for example, «however»: «The world is big, but it fits», «The sea is big, but it fits», «Love is big, but it fits».

b) WRONG. The conjunction used «e» («The world is big and fits», «The sea is big and fits», «Love is big and fits») does not establish any idea of comparison. An example of a comparative subordinate conjunction is «than», which when replaced in verse does not make sense: «The world is big than it fits».

c) WRONG. The conjunction used «e» («The world is big and fits», «The sea is big and fits», «Love is big and fits») does not convey any idea of completion. An example of a conclusive coordinative conjunction is «therefore», which when replaced in the verses does not make sense: «The world is large, so it fits in this window over the sea.»

d) WRONG. The conjunction used «e» («The world is big and fits», «The sea is big and fits», «Love is big and fits») does not convey the idea of choice. An example of an alternative coordinative conjunction is «either… or», which cannot be replaced in the verses because it makes no sense.

e) WRONG. The conjunction used «e» («The world is big and fits», «The sea is big and fits», «Love is big and fits») does not convey an idea of purpose. An example of a final subordinate conjunction is «for what», which cannot be replaced in the verses because it makes no sense.

Question 2

(UFMG-Adapada) Expressions in bold correspond to an adjective, except in:

a) João Fanhoso is waking up without enthusiasm.

b) It took time on purpose in that complicated bath.

c) The bugs of the land fled in an unsuccessful career.

d) Night closed on those lost wastes of the endless caatinga.

e) And I still have this conversation with a man from the country.

View Answer

Correct alternative: b) He took his time on purpose in that complicated bath.

a) WRONG. The expression «without enthusiasm» has the same meaning as «discouraged», which is an adjective, because it attributes a characteristic to the noun «João Fanhoso».

b) CORRECT. The expression «on purpose» has the same meaning as «on purpose», which is an adverb of mode, because it modifies the verb «to delay».

c) WRONG. The expression «da terra» has the same meaning as «local» (local animals). Local is an adjective, because it attributes a characteristic to the noun «bichos».

d) WRONG. The expression «endless» has the same meaning as «infinite», which is an adjective, because it attributes a characteristic to the noun «caatinga».

e) WRONG. The expression «da roça» has the same meaning as «caipira», which is an adjective, because it attributes a characteristic to the noun «homem».

Question 3

(UnB) Check the item that only contains prepositions:

a) during, between, about

b) with, under, after

c) for, behind, for

d) in, case, after

e) after, about, above

View Answer

Correct alternative: a) during, between, about

a) CORRECT. «During» is an accidental preposition, that is, it is a word that in addition to preposition can also belong to other classes of words. «Between and over», in turn, are essential prepositions, because they only function as a preposition.

b) WRONG. «With and under» are essential prepositions, because they only function as a preposition. «After» is an adverb of time.

c) WRONG. «For and by» are essential prepositions, because they only function as a preposition. «Behind» is an adverb of place.

d) WRONG. «In and after» are essential prepositions, because they only function as a preposition. «Case» is a conditional subordinate conjunction.

e) WRONG. «After and about» are essential prepositions, because they only function as a preposition. «Above» is an adverb of place.

Question 4

(UMESP) In the sentence «Negotiations would be half open only after half a period of work», the highlighted words are, respectively:

a) adjective, adjective

b) adverb, adverb

c) adverb, adjective

d) numeral, adjective

e) numeral, adverb

View Answer

Correct alternative: b) adverb, adverb

a) WRONG. Adjectives assign characteristics to nouns. In this sentence, «open» is the adjective, while «medium» is the adverb in a way that modifies it. «After» is also an adverb, in this case of time.

b) CORRECT. The word «middle» in this sentence has the function of an adverb, because it is modifying the adjective «open». When this happens, the word «means» does not vary, but if, for example, «means» had the function of an adjective, it could vary in gender and / or number, as in: half a cup of tea. The word «after», in turn, is an adverb of time.

c) WRONG. The word «medium» is an adverb, because it is changing the adjective «open». «After» is also an adverb, in this case of time, because it refers to a circumstance of time.

d) WRONG. The word «medium» can be classified as numeral (for example: I gave each one half chocolate.), But in this case, the word «medium» is modifying the adjective «open», so it is classified as an adverb. «After» is an adverb of time, because it indicates a period of time.

e) WRONG. The word «medium» can be classified as a numeral when it indicates quantity (for example: I drank half a liter of water.), But in this case, the word «medium» is an adverb, because it is modifying the adjective «open». «After», in turn, is also an adverb.

Question 5

(Fesp) Check the option where «a» is, respectively, article, personal pronoun and preposition:

a) This is the meaning I referred to and not the one you understood.

b) The difficulty is great and I know that I will solve it in the short term.

c) The slave declared that she preferred death to slavery.

d) This is the house I bought and not the one I sold to him.

e) The one who committed the fault will receive the punishment.

View Answer

Correct alternative: b) The difficulty is great and I know that I will solve it in the short term.

a) WRONG. «A (meaning)»: article, because it precedes noun; «a (that I referred to)»: preposition, because it links the elements «meaning» and «that I referred to»; «a (that you understood)»: article, because it precedes the noun «meaning» that is hidden in the sentence «the one that you understood».

b) CORRECT. «A (difficulty»): article, because it precedes noun; «a (I will solve)»: personal pronoun, because it is replacing the personal pronoun of the straight case «she»; «a (short term)»: preposition, because it is linking the terms of the sentence «I will resolve» and «short term».

c) WRONG. The first two «a» are articles, because both precede, respectively, the nouns «slave» and «death». «À (slavery)» is the junction of an article with a preposition, since it precedes the noun «slavery», and still links the terms «death» and «slavery».

d) WRONG. The first two «a» are articles, because both precede the nouns «house», while in the second case the noun is hidden «the (house) I sold». The third «a» is a preposition «, because it links the terms» sold «and» he «.

e) WRONG. All occurrences of «a» are articles, because they all precede nouns: «The (person) who committed», «the fault», «the punishment».

Question 6

(UEPR) The forms that vividly translate the sudden, spontaneous and instinctive feelings of the speakers are called:

a) conjunctions

b) interjections

c) prepositions

d) phrases

e) coordinations

View Answer

Correct alternative: b) interjections

a) WRONG. Conjunctions have the function of linking words or sentences. Example: Ana and Maria left.

b) CORRECT. Interjections express emotions and feelings. Example: Phew!

c) WRONG. Prepositions link terms of prayer. Example: The president arrived with the first lady.

d) WRONG. Voiceovers are combinations of words that work as a unit. Example: The year’s profit did not pay for expenses. (adjective phrase that has the same meaning as «annual»).

e) WRONG. Coordination is not a grammatical class. The coordinated clauses, studied in Syntax, are independent clauses. For example: I woke up, got up and made coffee.

Question 7

(PUC-SP) «It’s kind… new… completely new! But I have a name… Batizei- the logo ‘il… you show…». Under the morphological point of view, the highlighted words correspond in order, to:

a) conjunction, preposition, article, pronoun

b) adverb, adverb, pronoun, pronoun

c) conjunction, interjection, article, adverb

d) adverb, adverb, noun, pronoun

e) conjunction, adverb, pronoun, pronoun

View Answer

Correct alternative: e) conjunction, adverb, pronoun, pronoun

But: it is a conjunction, because it is establishing a relationship between two clauses — the one that begins with «It is a species…» and the one that begins precisely with the conjunction «But already…».

In this case, the conjunction is playing the role of an adversarial coordinating conjunction, because in addition to linking independent sentences, it is also expressing opposition.

already: it is an adverb, because it is modifying the verb «has». In this case, «already» is classified as an adverb of time, because it indicates a temporal circumstance.

a: it is a pronoun, because it is replacing the noun «species» (I named the species). It is classified as the personal pronoun of the oblique case.

it: it is a pronoun, because it is completing the verb «I will». It is classified as the personal pronoun of the oblique case.

Now, let’s explain the word classes suggested in the remaining alternatives:

a) WRONG. This alternative incorrectly suggests that «already» is a preposition and «a» is an article.

The word «already» only has the function of an adverb, while «a» can be an article, but for that it has to come before a noun.

b) WRONG. This alternative incorrectly suggests that «but» is an adverb. The word «but» only serves as a conjunction.

c) WRONG. This alternative incorrectly suggests that: «already» is interjection, «a» is an article «and» him «is an adverb.

The word» already «only has the function of an adverb, while» a «can be an article, but for that it has to come before a noun. In turn, «him» only has the function of a pronoun.

d) WRONG. This alternative incorrectly suggests that: «but» is an adverb and «a» is a noun.

The word «but» only has the function of conjunction, while the word «a» only has the functions of article and pronoun. In this case, » the «is pronoun», because it is replacing the noun «species» (I named the species).

Question 8

(UFF) In “She smashed the seal and gave Seixas the paper to read”, the preposition marked introduces an idea of:

a) consequence

b) cause

c) condition

d) end

e) mode

View Answer

Correct alternative: d) end

a) WRONG. There is no type of the word class «preposition» that indicates a consequence.

b) WRONG. The preposition may indicate cause, but that is not the idea conveyed in the sentence above. Cause preposition example: The flower has withered in the sun.

c) WRONG. There is no type of the word class «preposition» that indicates condition.

d) CORRECT. The preposition «to» is conveying the idea of purpose, which can be more easily perceived if we change the order of prayer, and replace it with another preposition indicating purpose: She broke the seal and took to Seixas read the paper instead of «She broke the seal and gave to read the paper Seixas.»

e) WRONG. The preposition may indicate a mode, but that is not the idea that the sentence above conveys. Example of preposition of mode: She tore letter in pieces.

Question 9

» If I have money, I will go on vacation.»

The highlighted word is:

a) Interjection

b) Adverb

c) Conjunction

d) Preposition

e) Pronoun

View Answer

Correct alternative c) Conjunction

The «If» is a conditional subordinate conjunction that expresses a hypothesis or condition. It is worth remembering that the conjunction is a term that links two sentences or two words of the same grammatical value, establishing a relationship between them.

Question 10

Learn to Call the Police

I have a very light sleep, and one night I noticed that someone was sneaking around in the backyard.

I got up in silence and followed the light noises coming from outside, until I saw a silhouette passing through the bathroom window.

As my house was very safe, with bars on the windows and internal locks on the doors, I was not too concerned, but it was clear that I would not leave a thief there, peeking calmly.

_{(Luís Fernando Veríssimo)}

The words highlighted above are, respectively:

a) pronoun; adjective; adverb

b) adverb; noun; adjective

c) conjunction; adverb; noun

d) noun; conjunction; pronoun

e) adjective; pronoun; conjunction

View Answer

Correct alternative: a) pronoun; adjective; adverb

The grammatical class of the highlighted terms are:

someone: indefinite pronoun that vaguely refers to the 3rd person in the speech.
lightweight: adjective that attributes a quality to the noun “noise”.
quietly: adverb in a way that means quietly.

Question 11

Check the correct alternative on the classification of highlighted words.

a) I didn’t like pie or cake. (interjection)

b) One day we will meet. (article)

c) Norma is getting healthier every day. (noun)

d) In the morning I had coffee with milk. (conjunction)

e) I bought my computer a year ago. (preposition)

View Answer

Correct alternative: b) One day we will meet. (article)

“Um” is an indefinite article that vaguely or imprecisely indicates something, in this case: “day”. Thus, it is not known for certain which day it will be.

In the other alternatives, we have:

a) nor — additive coordinative conjunction that expresses sum.

c) healthy — adjective that attributes quality to the proper noun “Norma”.

d) with — preposition that links the two terms of the sentence: coffee + milk.

e) my — possessive pronoun that indicates possession of something, in this case, the «computer».

Question 12

All highlighted words are pronouns, except:

a) That avenue is the widest in the city.

b) Mariana dropped the documents.

c) We will have other opportunities.

d) We visited the place where they filmed.

e) Who was in line at the bank?

View Answer

Correct alternative: b) Mariana dropped the documents.

The word highlighted in option b) is a proper noun that distinguishes the noun, always spelled in capital letters.

In the other alternatives, we have:

a) That one — demonstrative pronoun

c) others — undefined pronoun

d) where — relative pronoun

e) Who — interrogative pronoun

Question 13

I. Superinteressante is a compound adjective

II. Pure is a primitive adjective

III. Sculptor is a derived adjective

From the above statements, they are correct:

a) only I

b) I and II

c) I and III

d) II and III

e) I, II and III

View Answer

Correct alternative: e) I, II and III

All of the above statements are correct:

Superinteressante — compound adjective that presents more than one super + interesting radical.
Pure — primitive adjective that does not derive from any word.
Sculptor — adjective derived from the verb sculpt.

Question 14

All of the alternatives below have multiplicative numerals, except:

a) double

b) double

c) quadruple

d) half

e) triple

View Answer

Correct alternative: d) medium

Half (½) is a fractional numeral that indicates half of something. Remember that fractional numbers always represent the part of a whole.

Multiplicative numbers are those that refer to a quantity that has been multiplied:

double or double: 2 times
triple or triple: 3 times
quadruple: 4 times

Question 15

The sentence containing an adverb of intensity is:

a) This morning we will have a meeting.

b) I would never do that to anyone.

c) We eat a lot on Sunday.

d) I will probably be late for the parent meeting.

e) Juliana’s house is there.

View Answer

Correct alternative: c) We eat a lot on Sunday.

«Much» is an adverb of intensity that indicates the excessive amount of something.

In the other alternatives, we have:

a) Today — adverb of time

b) Never — adverb of negation

d) Probably — adverb of doubt

e) ali — adverb of place

A. Find examples of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in the following sentences and write them below.

1 The alphabet has 26 letters.

2 750,000,000 people use the language.

3 It has five vowels: a, e, i, o and u.

4 The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

5 He studied the new words very carefully.

Nouns: alphabet, letters, …………………………………

Pronouns: ……………………………………………

Adjectives: ……………………………………………

Verbs: has, ……………………………………………

Adverbs: ……………………………………………

Answers

Nouns: people, language, vowels, fox, dog, words

Pronouns: it, he

Adjectives: quick, brown, lazy, new

Verbs: use, has, jumps, studied

Adverbs: very carefully

B. What is the subject in each of the sentences in Exercise A?

1 the alphabet

2 ………………………….

3 ………………………….

4 ………………………….

5 ………………………….

Answers

2 750,000,000 people 3 It

4 The quick brown fox 5 He

C. Complete the sentences with an appropriate word. Use the part of speech in brackets.

1 He’s a …happy…… child – he’s always smiling. (adjective)

2 ………………… loves her. (pronoun)

3 She ………………… to the pool every Saturday. (verb)

4 Can you speak more …………………? I can’t understand you. (adverb)

5 They’re both very ………………… and thin. (adjective)

6 Luckily, the weather is ………………… good. It has been sunny all week. (adverb)

7 I study at school. I’m a ………………… . (noun)

8 My teacher ………………… really good stories. (verb)

9 They work at the ………………… . They’re nurses. (noun)

10 My cousins live in Brazil. ………………… speak Portuguese. (pronoun)

Answers

Possible answers

2 He 3 goes/comes 4 slowly

5 tall 6 very 7 student 8 tells

9 hospital 10 They

D. Make sentences by putting the words in the correct order.

1 walks / he / quickly ………He walks quickly. ………….

2 we / speak / Russian ……………………………………

3 a / woman / strange / is / she ……………………………………

4 very badly / drives / my aunt ……………………………………

5 they / live / in this street ……………………………………

6 he / two brothers / has ……………………………………

7 the dog / my sandwich / ate ……………………………………

8 we / film / the / new / saw ……………………………………

Answers

2 We speak Russian.

3 She is (‘s) a strange woman.

4 My aunt drives very badly.

5 They live in this street.

6 He has two brothers.

7 The dog ate my sandwich.

8 We saw the new film.

E. Use the words in the box to complete the table below.

adjectives adverbs nouns pronouns verbs

1	……nouns…….	bee country game giraffe leaves man moon Morocco pizza spider station tennis match woman
2	…………………..	I they we
3	…………………..	beautiful crazy purple small stripy tall ugly wonderful young
4	…………………..	be dance eat go have watch win
5	…………………..	angrily happily quickly quietly sadly slowly

Now use the words from the table to make ten or more sentences and write them in your notebook. Use the verb in any appropriate tense. Your sentences must be correct but they can by crazy!

Example: The tall man ate his pizza slowly.

Answers

2 pronouns 3 adjectives 4 verbs 5 adverbs

Possible answers

The ugly giraffe danced happily.

The beautiful woman watched the purple moon sadly.

The stripy spider went to Morocco slowly.

We won a crazy tennis match quickly.

F. Circle the correct option.

1 My sister and I love computer games. ………… all the time.

a We play them

b Them play we

c Play we them

2 My uncle speaks four ………… .

a different languages

b languages differents

c differents languages

3 My mother is Spanish and my father is Japanese, but ………… both speak English with me.

a we b them c they

4 I like the book and my friend likes ………… too.

a book b him c it

5 Cat, rabbit, dog and snake are ………… .

a adverbs

b nouns

c pronouns

Answers

1 a 2 a 3 c 4 c 5 b

English Grammar Exercises for A1 A2 – Word order
English Grammar Exercises for A1 A2 – Both, either, neither
English Grammar Exercises for A1 A2 – Time and sequence adverbs: first, then, afterwards
English Grammar Exercises for A1 A2 – Linking words: and, but, or, so, because
English Grammar Exercises for A1 A2 – Defining relative clauses
English Grammar Exercises for A1 A2 – Say and tell

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WORD-BUILDING (exercises)

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие слова, выделите в них суффиксы и префиксы:

Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, de compose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, reconstruct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.

Ex. 2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова. Переведите их:

Achievement — achieve, resistance — resistant, assistance — assist — assistant, celebration — celebrate, difference — different, city — citizen, nation — national — nationality, measure — measurement, develop — development, act — active — activity, contain — container, discover — discovery — discoverer, literature — literary, graduate — graduation — undergraduate — post-graduate, educate — education, progress — progressive, act — action — activity — active, govern — governor — government.

Ex. З. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ег или —or. Переведите на русский язык:

To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.

Ex. 4. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффикса —ist, —ism, —ian. Переведите на русский язык:

Special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic, mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India.

are, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.

Ex. 5. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса —ment. Переведите на русский язык:

Develop, achieve, move, arrange, treat, state, improve, agree, equip, govern, require, measure, announce, pave,amuse,argue,advertise,invest.

Ex. 6. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов —ful и —less, переведите их на русский язык:

Beauty, thank, hope, doubt, c

Ex. 7. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов —able, —ible, переведите их на русский язык:

Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect,fashion,flex.

Ex. 8. Найдите и выделите суффиксы в данных словах и определите, к ка кой части речи эти слова относятся:

British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experiment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, fundamental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attractive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom.

Ex. 9. Образуйте глаголы с помощью суффикса —en:

Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp,

Strong, long.

Ex. 10. Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса -1у и переведите их:

Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.

Ex. 11. Образуйте глаголы от данных существительных. Переве дите их:

Turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, stay, step, stop, study, talk, visit, rest, air, paper, cover, handle, cause, watch, act, address, answer, brush, clean, cross, crowd, wave, wish, work, dance, doubt, dress, end, fight, help, hope, joke, laugh, lift, light, love, mind, paper, pencil, place, plan, play, post, reply, report, return, sail, show.

Ex. 12. Переведите на русский язык. Выделите словообразу ющие элементы. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова:

React, reaction, reactor, reactivity; science, scientific, scientist; industry, industrial, industrious; cold, coldly, coldness; dark, darkness, darken; happy, happily, happiness, unhappy; equal, equally, unequal, equality; free, freedom, freely; attention, attentive, attentively; sun, sunny, sunless; care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessness; to differ, different, difference, indifferent; England, English, Englishman; poison,poisonous,extreme,extremely,extremity,extremist,friend,friendship,friendly,unfriendly.

Ex. 13. Переведите следующие сложные слова:

Aircraft,airspace,Air Force , summer-resort,rest-house, custom-house, dining-room,dining car,living-room , fireplace, nightlife,newsagent,sunglasses,popstar,snowboarding,bungee jumping,

earthquake,greenhouse,laptop,software,science-fiction,solar system,so-called, haircut , hairbrush, icebox, newspaper, notebook,rain forest ,lifetime , raincoat, sportsman, sunshine,sunrise,sunset,sunflower,body-piercing.

Ex. 14. Прочтите следующие пары слов, соблюдая ударения. Переведите их:

An accent — to accent, a contract — to contract, a content — to content, a contest — to contest,an increase-to increase, a convict — to convict, a perfect — to perfect, a record — to record,refuse-to refuse,a refugee-to refuge.

Ex. 15. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова:

1. Не works as a teacher. 2. I saw one of his works at the exhibition. 3. I was waiting for your report. 4. They report the results of their experiment every Monday. 5. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment. 6. You’ll make progress if you work hard. 7. He thought about his new work. 8. I have a present for you. 9. I am busy at pre sent. 10. He presented me with a book.

Ex. 16. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов. Определите части речи. Дайте начальную форму. Переведите слова:

Powerful, inventor, high-quality, network, demoralize, profitable, dislike, disagree, movement, shorten, incorrect, electricity, fruitful, fruitless, happiness, dangerous, noisy, sunny, rainy, badly, strongly, reading, teaching, rebuild, retell, leader, teacher, unhappy, unusual, translation, cooperation, schoolboy, icebreaker.

Ex. 17. Напишите сложные существительные, исходя из объяснений.

Например: A machine for drying hair – hair drier.

1. A thing for opening tins — … . 2. A machine for playing records — … . 3. A machine for mixing food — … . 4. A thing that times eggs (when they are boiling) — … . 5. Things for warming people’s legs — … . 6. Stuff that kills flies — … . 7. A liquid that removes paint — … . 8. A tool that opens bottles — … . 9. A thing for peeling potatoes — … . 10. A liquid for removing eye makeup — … . 11. Stuff for freshening the air — … .

Ex. 18. Распределите прилагательные по трем группам: 1) люди, 2) места, 3) вещи:

Obstinate, unspoilt, hand-made, waterproof, easy-going, breathtaking, aggressive, deserted, overgrown, overcrowded, cunning, picturesque, arrogant, long-lasting, spoilt, automatic, accurate, artificial.

Ex. 19Выберите слово с нужным по смыслу префиксом или суффиксом.

1. I know Jim Kerry is very popular but I find him totally childish / childlike. 2. I couldn’t work out whom the letter was from. The signature was childish / childlike. 3. Sarah is so childish / childlike. She always plays trick on her friends. 4. It was wonderful to watch the tiny lambs playing. I got such childish / childlike pleasure from the experience. 5. Sophie is extremely sensitive / sensible at the moment. Anything you say seems to upset her. 6. Karen is not a very sensitive / sensible person. She wore high-heeled shoes for our four-mile walk. 7. I’ve never known her to tell a lie. She’s a very true / truthful person. 8. I can never watch sad films that are based on true / truthful a story. They always make me cry. 9. Susan is so intolerable / intolerant of other people. She never accepts anyone else’s opinion, and she always thinks she knows best. 10. I find Mark’s behaviour intolerable / intolerant. It’s unfair to be so selfish. 11. We’re having an economic / economical crisis at the moment. James has lost his job and I don’t know how we are going to pay the rent. 12. It’s more economic / economical to drive slowly. You can do a lot more miles to the gallop.

Ex.19 Подберите к каждой тройке слов такое, чтобы с его помощью образовать составные существительные, используйте слова: board, green, paper, book, birthday, blood, rain, site, road, sports, ice, water, day, night, hand, case, sun, bag.

Например: camp…, building…, bomb… – campsite, building site, bomb-site.

1. …test, …pressure, …donor. 2. …fall, …melon, …skiing. 3. …house, …grocer, …salad. 4. …club, …mare, …shift. 5. brief…, suit…, book… . 6. paper…, plastic…, shoulder… . 7. …bow, …coat, …drop. 8. …shine, …rise, …set. 9. …works, …sign, …rage. 10. black…, floor…, notice… . 11. …light, …break, …dream. 12. …shake, …writing, …book. 13. …cube, …berg, …rink. 14. …cake, …present, …card. 15. …scape, …lady, …slide. 16. …car, …center, …ground. 17. address…, visitor’s…, note… .

Ex. 20Дополните предложения сложными существительными в скобках (это могут быть и составные существительные, и существительные в притяжательном падеже в простой или аналитической форме).

1. Your coat is on the … (back, chair). 2. You’ve just spilt the … (milk, cat). 3. Can you buy some … (paper, toilet). 4. I never listened to my … (advise, parents). 5. Can you buy a … (wine, bottle) to have with supper? 6. What did that … (road, sigh) say? Did you see it? 7. It’s such a mess in here. There are empty … (wine, bottles) everywhere. 8. The … (Prime Minister, duties) include entertaining heads of the state. 9. The … (my shoe, heel) has come off. 10. Can I borrow your … (brush, hair)? 11. What happened at the … (film, end)? 12. Here is … (today, news). 13. Where is the nearest … (Metro, station)? 14. It’s my … (anniversary, parents, wedding) next week. 15. The … (company, success) is due to its efficiency. 16. I’ve got a … (fortnight, holiday) next month. 17. The … (government, economic policy) is confusing. 18. My children go to the local … (school, state). 19. The annual … (rate, inflation) is about 4 percent. 20. Are there any … (coffee, cups) in your bedroom? There are none in the kitchen. 21. Do you want a … (coffee, cup)?

Ex.21. Заполните пропуски глаголом или существительным: advice – to advise, use – to use, abuse – to abuse, belief – to believe, relief – to relieve, grief – grieve, excuse – to excuse, breath – to breathe, half – to halve, house – to house, safe – to save, bath – to bathe.

1. It is my personal … that this man is innocent. 2. Let me listen to your chest. Take a deep … and say “Ah”. 3. You should put your valuables in the … . 4. Drug … is a terrible problem all over the world. 5. I know it isn’t good for my skin, but I love sun … . 6. I’ve been so worried about you! It’s such a … to see you at last! 7. “What are we going to do with this cake?” “Cut it in two. You take … and I’ll take … .” 8. Can you show me how to … this new coffee machine? 9. The refugees are … in temporary accommodation. 10. She apologizes for her behavior, and said it was because she’d had a busy day, but that’s no … for breaking all the plates. 11. People need time to … after the death of someone they love. 12. Take my … . Never marry for money. Marry for love.

Ex. 22. Напишите слово противоположное по значению, используя префикс

Kind, honest, credible, appear, fair, equal, pleased, continue, fasten, normal, employed, friendly, trust, professional, known, cover, safe, use, probable, important, emotional.

WORD-BUILDING (Test)

1. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова. Переведите их:

Beautiful, function, artist, musician, heartless, economic, worker, badly, act, action, active, basic, fruitless, population, movement, historic, democratic, work, daily, literature, picture, organization, friendship, highly, leader, fight, fighter, national, impressive, hopeful, hopeless, beautiful, special, specialist, define, definition, humanism, humanist, humanistic, use, useful, useless.

2. Переведите слова на русский язык. Определите префикс и его значение:

Coauthor, undress, disarm, postwar, illegal, unkind, reconstruct, deformation, prewar,antihero , ex-champion, superhuman,disagreement,

3. Образуйте прилагательные от существительных при помощи следующих суффиксов: —al, —ful, —ous, -у, —able, —ible, —ic, —less, —ish. Переведите пары слов.

Reason, beauty, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, desire, boy, success, heart, experiment, form, office, danger, fame, electron, base, nature, cloud, sun, child, Scott, history, home.

4. Переведите предложения. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова. Назовите сложные слова:

1. Many pupils study English. 2. My grandfather has a large study. 3. Who ruled this country? 4. All sportsmen must obey the rules of the game. 5. The Soviet Union is tied by friendship with India in their work for peace. 6. All peace-loving people work for peace for the whole of mankind.

5. Назовите глаголы, от которых образованы следующие существительные:

Protection, show, writer, worker, movement, investigation, achieve ment, statement, reader, department, equipment, construction, organization, reporter, arrival, improvement, conductor, establishment, development, education, definition, regulation, assistance, agreement.

6. Переведите без словаря. Определите, к какой части речи относятся слова:

a) Specialist, institute, university, culture,cultural,centre, central, nation,national, international, organization, minister, nature, natural, traditional, progressive, moral, social, socialist, public, programmer, popular, modern, revolution, revolutionary, final, talent, continent, festival, political, experiment, experimentation, electricity, technical, transformation, system, systematically, practice, practical, seminar, lecture, lecturer, period, historic, history, professor, complex, form, acceleration, instrument, philosopher, idea, basic, fundamental, conceptions, mass, class, element, motor, method, problem, energy, radio, text, material, temperature, progress, television.

b) 1. France and England are European countries. 2. In the evening we like to listen to classical music. 3. We saw a comedy at the Drama Theatre last night. 4. Your train leaves from platform two. 5. This jazz orchestra gave several concerts in our town. 6. In 1610 Galileo constructed the first tele scope in the world. 7. This was a dangerous experiment.

7. Проанализируйте следующие слова, какие они? Определите их составляющие. Переведите на русский язык:

Ice-hockey, world-wide, bedroom, newspaper, long-term, birthplace, sportsman, apple-juice, peace-loving, schoolchildren, football, highland, television, underground, north-west, sometimes, lowland, landscape, well-known, multinational, network, vice-president.

8. Поставьте слово, указанное в скобках, в нужную форму.

1. My father is very … (act) even though he’s seventy. 2. I’ve always wanted to work in the theatre, but … (act) it isn’t a very secure profession. 3. I … (hope), we’ll soon find a solution to the problem. 4. Look … (care) to the left and to the right before crossing the road. 5. It was very … (care) of you to lose my watch. 6. I take two … (day) newspapers and three Sunday papers. 7. You’ve broken my camera! Look at it! It’s … (use)! 8. Thanks for the advice. It was really … (use). 9. I have some very … (noise) neighbours. 10. She became … (fame) as a result of her invention.

Тренировочные тесты.

Test 1.

This is the most . . . . . . concert I‘ve ever been to. (Expense)
Her husband’s not a very……person. (Patience)
Susan is very……and wants to do well. (Ambition)
Show some……. Don’t you like the idea? (Enthuse)
Her problem is that she has not enough……in herself. (Confide)
Dan is really very……, even rude sometimes. (Polite)
I haven’t been to the cinema…… . (Recent)
Mary…… and they never s aw her again. (Appear)

Test 2.

Most people have no real…… in ghosts.(Believe)
Mark Twain wrote many…… stories. (Humour)
The children’s…… at the concert was excellent. (Behave)
Rita asked for a …… and cashier gave her one. (Receive)
Do you think you have the…… to pass the exam? (Able)
You need a lot of …… to write a good story. (Imagine)
I read an interesting …… in the newspaper. (Advertise)
Their friendship began in their …… . (Child)

Test 3.

I’m telling you the ……! I swear! (True)
Your composition isn’t good enough. You’ll have to …… it. (Write)
Did you know Ann used to work as a …… when she was younger? (Wait)
They need your …… before they can do it. (Sign)
It all happened quite…… . I didn’t have time to think. (Sudden)
I’m sure his new film is going to be a huge…… .(Succeed)
Did Paul give an …… for his actions? (Explain)
The …… of the village are all very kind. (Inhabit)

Test 4.

The leaflet gives a brief…… of each place. (Describe)
Can you give us a quick …… of how it works? (Explain)
Olga broke the vase during an …… with her husband. (Argue)
Gold is a very …… metal. (Value)
Peter began to feel depressed and …… . (Help)
His book is the result of years of …… research. (Care)
This snake is not …… at all. (Danger)
The bright flowers make the room look….. . (Cheer)

Test 5.

1. Teenagers nowadays are more interested in ……. problems. (Globe)

2. Have you seen the new Levi …… on TV? (Advertise)

3. I looked everywhere but I couldn’t find him. He’s …… (Appear)

4. It’s very…… to drink and drive. (Danger)

5. Can you give me some more …… about this adventure holiday? (Inform)

6. We need to put up some …… for tonight’s party. (Decorate)

7. The weather today will be cold and…… . (Wind)

8. Margarita was very …… with the service. (Satisfy)

Test 6.

They put a lot of …… on him to agree to their demands. (Press)
I’ve had three…… nights and l feel exhausted. (Sleep)
If you have problems with your ……, see a doctor. (Circulate)
I’m feeling very …… today. I think I’ll go for a run. (Energy)
Remember that …… are also human. (Examine)
His nose was quite …… for days after he’d it pierced. ( Pain)
There are a lot of …… restaurants in this area. (Fashion)
Although she isn’t beautiful, most men find her quite…… (Attract).

Test 7.

1.The food was completely …… ; he was a useless cook .(Taste)

2. There were over 500 ……to the temple every day .(Visit )

3. You can’t hope to win the race without any …… .(Train)

4. In spite of her ……,Jane continued her journey .(Hungry )

5.Hard as he tried , he was unable to find …… .(Solve )

6.I …… speaking , I don’t think Latin is a useful subject .(Person)

7.You need to organize your time more …… (Efficient )

Test 8.

Stories are more ……. than lists of words .(Memory )
His exam results were very …… . (Please )
Passing exams will help you to get a ……job .(Good )
You should revise on a regular …… (Base )
There are books that are specially …….for foreign learners.(Simple )
A degree is a very useful…….to have .(Qualify )
I hope you will take into …… what I have just said to you .(Consider )
This new book had many beautiful ……in it .(ILLUSTRATE)

Test 9.

1.My aunt became …….when she went to America.

(Fame)

2.Paul sings …….; I’m surprised he isn’t a professional singer. (Beauty)

3.I was …….to see all my old friends again. (Delight )

4.They bought some …… for their new house. (Furnish )

5. She lives in a really ……mansion in the suburbs. (Luxury )

6. Are you sitting ……. in that chair ? (Comfort )

7.Everyone was nervous about the ……’s visit. (Inspector)

8.Our teacher has a really strong ……. . (Person)

9.His father has the best …… of ancient coins. (Collect)

Test 10.

1.The teacher wanted to know what my greatest …….(Ambitious)

2.I……ever go to the theatre. I don’t like it .(Hard )

3.Marina has a very …… manner , which I appreciate .(Relax)

4.Her son took part in the world ……last year .(Champion)

5.I was …….when victor said I was beautiful.(Flatter)

6. Julia got a ……for best leading actress .(Nominate )

7.She’s a very ……thinker .(Origin)

8.Her friend is very …….! You can trust him .(Rely)

Ответы к тренировочным тестам.

Test 1.

1. Expensive

2. Patient

3.Ambitious

4.Enthusiasm

5. Confidence

6.Impolite

7.Recently

8.Disappeared

Test 2.

Belief
Humorous
Behaviour
Receipt
Ability
Success
Advertisement
Childhood

Test 3.

1. Truth

2. Rewrite

3. Waitress

4. Signature

5. Suddenly

6. Success

7.Explanation

8. Inhabitants

Test 4.

Description
Explanation
Argument
Valuable
Helpless
Careful
Dangerous
Cheerful

Test 5.

1. Global

2. Advertisement

3. Disappeared

4. Dangerous

5. Information

6. Decorations

7. Windy

8. Satisfied

Test 6.

1. Pressure

2. Sleepless

3. Circulation

4. Energetic

5. Examiners

6.Painful

Test 7.

1.Tasteless

2. Visitors

3.Training

4 . Hunger

5. Solution

6. Personally

7. Efficiently

Test 8.

1. Memorable

2. Pleasant

3. Better

4. Basis

5. Simplified

6. Qualification

7. Consideration

8. ILLustrations

Test 9.

Famous
Beautifully
Delighted
Furniture
Luxurious
Comfortably
Inspector
Personality
Collection

Test 10.

Ambition
Hardly
Relaxed
Championship
Flattered
Nomination
Original
Reliable

Источник

Добрый день, читатели блога grammar-tei.com. Сегодня мы займемся словообразованием и выполним несколько упражнений на словообразование в английском языке. Все упражнения даются с ответами, поэтому Вы сможете проверить себя.

Тема словообразование в английском – очень сложная, поэтому практиковаться нужно много. Всем известно, что задания на словообразования есть в ЕГЭ. Не будем откладывать и выполним упражнения на словообразование в английском.

Задания на словообразование. Word building exercises.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте существительные.

The study calculated that replacing weekly fruit juice … with whole fruits could bring health benefits. (consume)
For my birthday Mother baked a cake with yellow … . (ice)
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are called … because they provide the fuel your body needs. (nutrition)
Many women have to juggle … and a full-time job. (mother)
… are unavoidable when three … live under one roof. (argue, generate)
Her deep … of her sister was evident. (hate)
Older people who live alone often need help with gardening and house … (maintain)
Positive attitude helps employees to get along with … and managers. (worker)
China’s air… has cut life … by an average of 5.5 years in the north of the country and caused higher rates of lung cancer. (pollute, expect)
It is much safer to use stainless steel or glass … instead of plastic ones. (contain)

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте прилагательные.

My favorite … book is “Appetite” by Nigel Slater. (cooker)
Eating can also make you …, and so can waking up in the morning. (thirst)
You shouldn’t rest on your laurels but try to improve your … performance. (academy)
Highly … gas is naturally found in coal mines. (explode)
An … species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of extinction. (danger)
The most… earthquake struck in Shanxi, China 1556. (disaster)
… exploitation of nature by man has resulted in the effects we have to deal with now. (thought)
Laos is a landlocked … country, widely covered by tropical forest. (mountain)
I decided to take a walk. It would be too … to wait in the queue. (tire)

Упражнение 3. Используйте отрицательные приставки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

The service was slow and the waiter’s familiarity was … , so we left without paying. (accept)
Some children are a challenge, especially when they … in public places. (behaviour)
To my … , the restaurant was overbooked and we had to spend the evening at home. (appoint)
Michael was … about what dessert to order. (decide)
Parents’… of their children’s behaviour and life choices can ruin their lives. (approve)
There is a huge difference between … children and those merely … to listen to their parents’ advice. (obey, will)
Young children mustn’t be left … either at home or at public places. (attention)
She was frequently left alone by her … husband. (faith)
If you describe someone as …, you are criticising them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly or are … to act in this capacity. (competence, qualifications)
Banks are still seen as … and many people keep their savings at home. (security)

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, образуйте глаголы.

Guar gum also is used in the food industry to … products like ice cream. (thick)
Old Manchester houses are made of red brick… by soot. (black)
David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would … up the room. (bright)
Do we ever stop to think about the importance of the air we … ? (breath)
I’d like to … this dress for one in a larger size. (change)
They … 100 dollars from a bank account an hour ago. (draw)

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

Sometimes one’s … are the only people one can … in. (parental, confidence)
Many people … that getting a spouse can put them out of their…, which later… wrong, because sometimes marriage makes life more difficult. (belief, miserable, proof)
An … Roman … has been discovered in northwest England, (extend, settle)
The dining-room is elegantly … and … carpeted, (furniture, luxury)
Everyone is … of her having the chance to … abroad, (envy, student)
When employers look at… candidates, beyond skills, experience, and training, they look for those who demonstrate … (prospect, enthuse)
In the city the … and … were insufferable, (hot, humid)
Our planet’s… regions, located just north and south of the equator, are known for their… and … (tropic, warm, humid)
Next to Shakespeare, no … gets more love on Broadway than Tennessee Williams, (play)
During Elizabeth’s reign England significantly … its trade … and in 1580 Sir Francis Drake became the first Englishman to successfully … the earth, (expansion, sea, circumnavigation)

Упражнение 6. Образуйте слова от данных. Вставьте слова в текст.

RESTORATION, LOOK, DEMOLITION, EXTEND, GOTH, ACCOMMODATE, PANELLING, UNEXPECTED

Located in Wiltshire, an outstanding and beautifully __________ (1), late ________ (2) style manor house was built of limestone. Originally it was a much larger property that was mostly ___________ (3). Solid in appearance and structure, it offers _________ (4) and well presented ___________ (5). As one would ___________ (6) there is a grand drawing room with oak _________ (7) walls and a large open fireplace. The large windows __________ (8) a parkland setting.

FORM, ILLEGAL, EDUCATIONAL, QUALIFICATIONS, TUITION

Home education is when a child is __________ (1) at home rather than at school. It’s perfectly __________ (2) in the UK and one doesn’t need to be a __________ (3) teacher to do so. Children who are home educated receive all their education from their parents, sometimes with the help of outside __________ (4). If you decide to home educate your child you don’t have to follow __________ (5) rules about how you teach or when you teach.

CHIEF, SEARCH, SCIENCE, INDUCE, COLLECT, APPLY, ADOPTION, FOUND

English philosopher, statesman, and jurist who rose to become Lei Chancellor (1618—1621) to James I but is __________ (1) remembered for the status he gave to __________ (2) research in England. Although his name is associated with the method of __________ (3) and the rejection of a priori reasoning in science, the painstaking __________ (4) of miscellaneous facts without any use of error theory which he supported in the Novum Organum has never been __________ (5) as a practical method of __________ (6). The __________ (7) of the Baconian method was, however, an important object in the __________ (8) of the Royal Society some years later.

DEPTH, HARMLESS, DESIRE, MODERATE, ACCESS

We’ve all heard of emotional eating. There’s also such a thing as emotional shopping. In __________ (1), neither of these activities is __________ (2), but in excess both can have serious consequences. The __________ (3) and the affordability of goods make shopping all the more appealing. For many compulsive buyers, a big part of the appeal of shopping is the process of searching out and obtaining that new, better, __________ (4) item. This process is so mesmerising that it often ruins long-term financial plans, leaving shoppers __________ (5) in debt.

Ответы к упражнениям на словообразование. Word building exercises – answers.

Exercise 1.

1 consumption, 2 icing, 3 nutrients, 4 motherhood/maternity, 5 arguments, generations, 6 hatred, 7 maintenance, 8 co-workers, 9 pollution, expectancy

Exercise 2.

1 cookery, 2 thirsty, 3 academic, 4 explosive, 5 endangered, 6 disastrous, 7 thoughtless, 8 mountainous, 9 tiresome

Exercise 3.

1 unacceptable, 2 misbehave, 3 disappointment, 4 indecisive, 5 disapproval, 6 disobedient, unwilling, 7 unattended, 8 unfaithful, 9 incompetent, unqualified, 10 insecure

Exercise 4.

1 thicken, 2 blackened, 3 brighten, 4 breathe, 5 exchange, 6 withdrew

Exercise 5.

1 parents, confide, 2 believe, misery, proves, 3 extensive, settlement, 4 furnished, luxuriously 5 envious, study, 6 prospective, enthusiasm, 7 heat, humidity, 8 tropic (al), warmth, humidity, 9 playwright, 10 expanded, oversea (s), circumnavigate

Exercise 6.

1 restored, 2 gothic, 3 demolished, 4 extensive 5 accommodation, 6 expect, 7 panel (l) ed, 8 overlook

1 educated, 2 legal, 3 qualified, 4 tutors, 5 formal

1 chiefly, 2 scientific, 3 induction, 4 collection, 5 adopted, 6 research, 7 application, 8 foundation

1 moderation, 2 harmful, 3 accessibility, 4 desirable, 5 deeply

Надеюсь, эти упражнения на словообразование помогут Вам в изучении этого непростого раздела английского языка. Word building exercises are very useful!

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Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

A. Find examples of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in the following sentences and write them below.

Answers

B. What is the subject in each of the sentences in Exercise A?

Answers

C. Complete the sentences with an appropriate word. Use the part of speech in brackets.

Answers

D. Make sentences by putting the words in the correct order.

Answers

E. Use the words in the box to complete the table below.

Answers

F. Circle the correct option.

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Задания на словообразование. Word building exercises.

Ответы к упражнениям на словообразование. Word building exercises – answers.