Word choice что это

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

выбор слов

выбора слов

выборе слов

подбор слов

выбора слова

выборе слова

выбором слов

выбору слов

слова избранность

Tone is just as important as word choice.

Тон голоса так же важен, как и выбор слов.

Your word choice might not seem important, but it can actually help you sound more intelligence.

Ваш выбор слов может показаться не важным, но она может реально помочь вам звук больше интеллекта.

It’s an interesting word choice, since you already did.

Интересный выбор слова, так как ты уже настроила.

The right word choice can help change their perspective for better or for worse.

Правильный выбор слова может помочь изменить перспективу человека в лучшую или худшую сторону.

If you only make an occasional pronunciation mistake while having perfect grammar and word choice, you’ll be okay.

Если Вы делаете случайную ошибку произношения, имея идеальную грамматику и словарный запас, все в порядке.

However, word choice, style, syntax and narrative focus all indicate Faulkner as almost certainly being the author of this work.

Тем не менее, словарный запас, стиль, синтаксис и манера изложения указывают, что автором этого произведения почти наверняка является Фолкнер.

Additionally, poor word choice can lead to confusing sentences, decreasing the quality of your communication with site visitors.

Кроме того, неправильный выбор слов может привести к путанице в предложениях, что приведет к снижению качества общения с посетителями сайта.

Often, it’s just a case of word choice and simple formatting.

Часто это просто выбор слов и простое форматирование.

Even my word choice is different.

Because the word choice has no meaning.

Careful word choice is important in this field, as is an attention to detail.

Тщательный выбор слова имеет важное значение в этой области, как и внимание к деталям.

The tone and word choice throughout the copy should speak the brand’s language.

Тон и выбор слова в тексте должны соответствовать языку бренда.

You now have the opportunity to refine your word choice.

К счастью, у вас еще есть шанс пересмотреть свой выбор слов.

This is the same as a piece of literature or rhetoric delivering its information through word choice, layout, and structure.

Это то же самое, как часть литературы или Риторика доставки информации через выбор слов, макет и структуру.

Of course, my English teacher always taught me that word choice is key.

Конечно, мой преподаватель английского всегда учил меня, что выбор слов является ключевым.

The researchers measured parents’ vocal responses, word and sentence length, and word choice when they responded to their infants’ vocalizations.

Исследователи измерили голосовые ответы родителей, длину слова и предложения и выбор слова, когда они отвечали на слова и вопросы своих детей.

Compelling headlines often zero in on a common pain point that the product or service solves and include careful word choice that reflects the voice of the brand.

Убедительные заголовки часто указывают на общую болевую точку, которую решает продукт или услуга, и включают тщательный выбор слов, который отражает голос бренда.

Refine your spelling, grammar, and word choice to enhance your content

Улучшайте свое правописание, грамматику и выбор слов, чтобы улучшить содержание

Find out the choices that appeal most to your target audience, whether it’s with colors, fonts, offers, or word choice.

Узнайте, какие варианты больше всего подходят для вашей целевой аудитории, будь то цвета, шрифты, предложения или выбор слов.

Open word choice: Ask users to list 3 to 5 words that describe the design

Открытый выбор слов: попросите пользователей привести от З до 5 слов, описывающих конкретный дизайн

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 137. Точных совпадений: 137. Затраченное время: 113 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

All strong writers have something in common: they understand the value of word choice in writing. Strong word choice uses vocabulary and language to maximum effect, creating clear moods and images and making your stories and poems more powerful and vivid.

The meaning of “word choice” may seem self-explanatory, but to truly transform your style and writing, we need to dissect the elements of choosing the right word. This article will explore what word choice is, and offer some examples of effective word choice, before giving you 5 word choice exercises to try for yourself.

Word Choice Definition: The Four Elements of Word Choice

The definition of word choice extends far beyond the simplicity of “choosing the right words.” Choosing the right word takes into consideration many different factors, and finding the word that packs the most punch requires both a great vocabulary and a great understanding of the nuances in English.

Choosing the right word involves the following four considerations, with word choice examples.

1. Meaning

Words can be chosen for one of two meanings: the denotative meaning or the connotative meaning. Denotation refers to the word’s basic, literal dictionary definition and usage. By contrast, connotation refers to how the word is being used in its given context: which of that word’s many uses, associations, and connections are being employed.

A word’s denotative meaning is its literal dictionary definition, while its connotative meaning is the web of uses and associations it carries in context.

We play with denotations and connotations all the time in colloquial English. As a simple example, when someone says “greaaaaaat” sarcastically, we know that what they’re referring to isn’t “great” at all. In context, the word “great” connotes its opposite: something so bad that calling it “great” is intentionally ridiculous. When we use words connotatively, we’re letting context drive the meaning of the sentence.

The rich web of connotations in language are crucial to all writing, and perhaps especially so to poetry, as in the following lines from Derek Walcott’s Nobel-prize-winning epic poem Omeros:

In hill-towns, from San Fernando to Mayagüez,
the same sunrise stirred the feathered lances of cane
down the archipelago’s highways. The first breeze

rattled the spears and their noise was like distant rain
marching down from the hills, like a shell at your ears.

Sugar cane isn’t, literally, made of “feathered lances,” which would literally denote “long metal spears adorned with bird feathers”; but feathered connotes “branching out,” the way sugar cane does, and lances connotes something tall, straight, and pointy, as sugar cane is. Together, those two words create a powerfully true visual image of sugar cane—in addition to establishing the martial language (“spears,” “marching”) used elsewhere in the passage.

Whether in poetry or prose, strong word choice can unlock images, emotions, and more in the reader, and the associations and connotations that words bring with them play a crucial role in this.

2. Specificity

Use words that are both correct in meaning and specific in description.

In the sprawling English language, one word can have dozens of synonyms. That’s why it’s important to use words that are both correct in meaning and specific in description. Words like “good,” “average,” and “awful” are far less descriptive and specific than words like “liberating” (not just good but good and freeing), “C student” (not just average but academically average), and “despicable” (not just awful but morally awful). These latter words pack more meaning than their blander counterparts.

Since more precise words give the reader added context, specificity also opens the door for more poetic opportunities. Take the short poem “[You Fit Into Me]” by Margaret Atwood.

You fit into me
like a hook into an eye

A fish hook

An open eye

The first stanza feels almost romantic until we read the second stanza. By clarifying her language, Atwood creates a simple yet highly emotive duality.

This is also why writers like Stephen King advocate against the use of adverbs (adjectives that modify verbs or other adjectives, like “very”). If your language is precise, you don’t need adverbs to modify the verbs or adjectives, as those words are already doing enough work. Consider the following comparison:

Weak description with adverbs: He cooks quite badly; the food is almost always extremely overdone.

Strong description, no adverbs: He incinerates food.

Of course, non-specific words are sometimes the best word, too! These words are often colloquially used, so they’re great for writing description, writing through a first-person narrative, or for transitional passages of prose.

3. Audience

Good word choice takes the reader into consideration. You probably wouldn’t use words like “lugubrious” or “luculent” in a young adult novel, nor would you use words like “silly” or “wonky” in a legal document.

This is another way of saying that word choice conveys not only direct meaning, but also a web of associations and feelings that contribute to building the reader’s world. What world does the word “wonky” help build for your reader, and what world does the word “seditious” help build? Depending on the overall environment you’re working to create for the reader, either word could be perfect—or way out of place.

4. Style

Consider your word choice to be the fingerprint of your writing.

Consider your word choice to be the fingerprint of your writing. Every writer uses words differently, and as those words come to form poems, stories, and books, your unique grasp on the English language will be recognizable by all your readers.

Style isn’t something you can point to, but rather a way of describing how a writer writes. Ernest Hemingway, for example, is known for his terse, no-nonsense, to-the-point styles of description. Virginia Woolf, by contrast, is known for writing that’s poetic, intense, and melodramatic, and James Joyce for his lofty, superfluous writing style.

Here’s a paragraph from Joyce:

Had Pyrrhus not fallen by a beldam’s hand in Argos or Julius Caesar not been knifed to death. They are not to be thought away. Time has branded them and fettered they are lodged in the room of the infinite possibilities they have ousted.

And here’s one from Hemingway:

Bill had gone into the bar. He was standing talking with Brett, who was sitting on a high stool, her legs crossed. She had no stockings on.

Style is best observed and developed through a portfolio of writing. As you write more and form an identity as a writer, the bits of style in your writing will form constellations.

Word Choice in Writing: The Importance of Verbs

Before we offer some word choice exercises to expand your writing horizons, we first want to mention the importance of verbs. Verbs, as you may recall, are the “action” of the sentence—they describe what the subject of the sentence actually does. Unless you are intentionally breaking grammar rules, all sentences must have a verb, otherwise they don’t communicate much to the reader.

Because verbs are the most important part of the sentence, they are something you must focus on when expanding the reaches of your word choice. Verbs are the most widely variegated units of language; the more “things” you can do in the world, the more verbs there are to describe them, making them great vehicles for both figurative language and vivid description.

Consider the following three sentences:

1. The road runs through the hills.
2. The road curves through the hills.
3. The road meanders through the hills.

Which sentence is the most descriptive? Though each of them has the same subject, object, and number of words, the third sentence creates the clearest image. The reader can visualize a road curving left and right through a hilly terrain, whereas the first two sentences require more thought to see clearly.

Finally, this resource on verb usage does a great job at highlighting how to invent and expand your verb choice.

Word Choice in Writing: Economy and Concision

Strong word choice means that every word you write packs a punch. As we’ve seen with adverbs above, you may find that your writing becomes more concise and economical—delivering more impact per word. Above all, you may find that you omit needless words.

Omit needless words is, in fact, a general order issued by Strunk and White in their classic Elements of Style. As they explain it:

Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.

It’s worth repeating that this doesn’t mean your writing becomes clipped or terse, but simply that “every word tell.” As our word choice improves—as we omit needless words and express ourselves more precisely—our writing becomes richer, whether we write in long or short sentences.

As an example, here’s the opening sentence of a random personal essay from a high school test preparation handbook:

The world is filled with a numerous amount of student athletes that could somewhere down the road have a bright future.

Most words in this sentence are needless. It could be edited down to:

Many student athletes could have a bright future.

Now let’s take some famous lines from Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Can you remove a single word without sacrificing an enormous richness of meaning?

Out, out, brief candle!
Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,
And then is heard no more. It is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.

In strong writing, every single word is chosen for maximum impact. This is the true meaning of concise or economical writing.

5 Word Choice Exercises to Sharpen Your Writing

With our word choice definition in mind, as well as our discussions of verb use and concision, let’s explore the following exercises to put theory into practice. As you play around with words in the following word choice exercises, be sure to consider meaning, specificity, style, and (if applicable) audience.

1. Build Moods With Word Choice

Writers fine-tune their words because the right vocabulary will build lush, emotive worlds. As you expand your word choice and consider the weight of each word, focus on targeting precise emotions in your descriptions and figurative language.

This kind of point is best illustrated through word choice examples. An example of magnificent language is the poem “In Defense of Small Towns” by Oliver de la Paz. The poem’s ambivalent feelings toward small hometowns presents itself through the mood of the writing.

The poem is filled with tense descriptions, like “animal deaths and toughened hay” and “breeches speared with oil and diesel,” which present the small town as stoic and masculine. This, reinforced by the terse stanzas and the rare “chances for forgiveness,” offers us a bleak view of the town; yet it’s still a town where everything is important, from “the outline of every leaf” to the weightless flight of cattail seeds.

The writing’s terse, heavy mood exists because of the poem’s juxtaposition of masculine and feminine words. The challenge of building a mood produces this poem’s gravity and sincerity.

Try to write a poem, or even a sentence, that evokes a particular mood through words that bring that word to mind. Here’s an example:

1. What mood do you want to evoke? flighty
2. What words feel like they evoke that mood? not sure, whatever, maybe, perhaps, tomorrow, sometimes, sigh
3. Try it in a sentence: “Maybe tomorrow we could see about looking at the lab results.” She sighed. “Perhaps.”

2. Invent New Words and Terms

A common question writers ask is, What is one way to revise for word choice? One trick to try is to make up new language in your revisions.

If you create language at a crucial moment, you might be able to highlight something that our current language can’t.

In the same way that unusual verbs highlight the action and style of your story, inventing words that don’t exist can also create powerful diction. Of course, your writing shouldn’t overflow with made-up words and pretentious portmanteaus, but if you create language at a crucial moment, you might be able to highlight something that our current language can’t.

A great example of an invented word is the phrase “wine-dark sea.” Understanding this invention requires a bit of history; in short, Homer describes the sea as “οἶνοψ πόντος”, or “wine-faced.” “Wine-dark,” then, is a poetic translation, a kind of kenning for the sea’s mystery.

Why “wine-dark” specifically? Perhaps because, like the sea, wine changes us; maybe the eyes of the sea are dark, as eyes often darken with wine; perhaps the sea is like a face, an inversion, a reflection of the self. In its endlessness, we see what we normally cannot.

Thus, “wine-dark” is a poetic combination of words that leads to intensive literary analysis. For a less historical example, I’m currently working on my poetry thesis, with pop culture monsters being the central theme of the poems. In one poem, I describe love as being “frankensteined.” By using this monstrous made-up verb in place of “stitched,” the poem’s attitude toward love is much clearer.

Try inventing a word or phrase whose meaning will be as clear to the reader as “wine-dark sea.” Here’s an example:

1. What do you want to describe? feeling sorry for yourself because you’ve been stressed out for a long time
2. What are some words that this feeling brings up? self-pity, sympathy, sadness, stress, compassion, busyness, love, anxiety, pity party, feeling sorry for yourself
3. What are some fun ways to combine these words? sadxiety, stresslove
4. Try it in a sentence: As all-nighter wore on, my anxiety softened into sadxiety: still edgy, but soft in the middle.

3. Only Use Words of Certain Etymologies

One of the reasons that the English language is so large and inconsistent is that it borrows words from every language. When you dig back into the history of loanwords, the English language is incredibly interesting!

(For example, many of our legal terms, such as judge, jury, and plaintiff, come from French. When the Normans [old French-speakers from Northern France] conquered England, their language became the language of power and nobility, so we retained many of our legal terms from when the French ruled the British Isles.)

Nerdy linguistics aside, etymologies also make for a fun word choice exercise. Try forcing yourself to write a poem or a story only using words of certain etymologies and avoiding others. For example, if you’re only allowed to use nouns and verbs that we borrowed from the French, then you can’t use Anglo-Saxon nouns like “cow,” “swine,” or “chicken,” but you can use French loanwords like “beef,” “pork,” and “poultry.”

Experiment with word etymologies and see how they affect the mood of your writing. You might find this to be an impactful facet of your word choice. You can Google “__ etymology” for any word to see its origin, and “__ synonym” to see synonyms.

Try writing a sentence only with roots from a single origin. (You can ignore common words like “the,” “a,” “of,” and so on.)

1. What do you want to write? The apple rolled off the table.
2. Try a first etymology: German: The apple wobbled off the bench.
3. Try a second: Latin: The russet fruit rolled off the table.

4. Write in E-Prime

E-Prime Writing describes a writing style where you only write using the active voice. By eschewing all forms of the verb “to be”—using words such as “is,” “am,” “are,” “was,” and other “being” verbs—your writing should feel more clear, active, and precise!

E-Prime not only removes the passive voice (“The bottle was picked up by James”), but it gets at the reality that many sentences using to be are weakly constructed, even if they’re technically in the active voice.

Of course, E-Prime writing isn’t the best type of writing for every project. The above paragraph is written in E-Prime, but stretching it out across this entire article would be tricky. The intent of E-Prime writing is to make all of your subjects active and to make your verbs more impactful. While this is a fun word choice exercise and a great way to create memorable language, it probably isn’t sustainable for a long writing project.

Try writing a paragraph in E-Prime:

1. What do you want to write? Of course, E-Prime writing isn’t the best type of writing for every project. The above paragraph is written in E-Prime, but stretching it out across this entire article would be tricky. The intent of E-Prime writing is to make all of your subjects active and to make your verbs more impactful. While this is a fun word choice exercise and a great way to create memorable language, it probably isn’t sustainable for a long writing project.
2. Converted to E-Prime: Of course, E-Prime writing won’t best suit every project. The above paragraph uses E-Prime, but stretching it out across this entire article would carry challenges. E-Prime writing endeavors to make all of your subjects active, and your verbs more impactful. While this word choice exercise can bring enjoyment and create memorable language, you probably can’t sustain it over a long writing project.

5. Write Blackout Poetry

Blackout poetry, also known as Found Poetry, is a visual creative writing project. You take a page from a published source and create a poem by blacking out other words until your circled words create a new poem. The challenge is that you’re limited to the words on a page, so you need a charged use of both space and language to make a compelling blackout poem.

Blackout poetry bottoms out our list of great word choice exercises because it forces you to consider the elements of word choice. With blackout poems, certain words might be read connotatively rather than denotatively, or you might change the meaning and specificity of a word by using other words nearby. Language is at its most fluid and interpretive in blackout poems!

For a great word choice example using blackout poetry, read “The Author Writes the First Draft of His Wedding Vows” by Hanif Willis-Abdurraqib. Here it is visually:

Pick a favorite poem of your own and make something completely new out of it using blackout poetry.

How to Expand Your Vocabulary

Vocabulary is a last topic in word choice. The more words in your arsenal, the better. Great word choice doesn’t rely on a large vocabulary, but knowing more words will always help! So, how do you expand your vocabulary?

The simplest way to expand your vocabulary is by reading.

The simplest answer, and the one you’ll hear the most often, is by reading. The more literature you consume, the more examples you’ll see of great words using the four elements of word choice.

Of course, there are also some great programs for expanding your vocabulary as well. If you’re looking to use words like “lachrymose” in a sentence, take a look at the following vocab builders:

• Dictionary.com’s Word-of-the-Day
• Vocabulary.com Games
• Merriam Webster’s Vocab Quizzes

Improve Your Word Choice With Writers.com’s Online Writing Courses

Looking for more writing exercises? Need more help choosing the right words? The instructors at Writers.com are masters of the craft. Take a look at our upcoming course offerings and join our community!

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Основа любого языка — лексика. Можно плохо знать грамматику, но если не знаешь слов, то не сможешь сказать ничего! Именно поэтому работа над пополнением словарного запаса занимает значительную часть времени в изучении языка. В продолжение нашей статьи об ошибках сегодня расскажем о проблемах начинающих учеников в использовании слов, а также предложим варианты их решения.

Поскольку именно лексических ошибок в речи начинающих (и не только) может быть бесконечное множество, решили поделить их по группам, приведя несколько типичных примеров для каждой.

Wrong Word Choice

Самая распространенная ошибка неносителей любого уровня, но особенно новичков — это неправильный выбор слов. Такая ошибка случается, когда ученики пытаются перевести слова с родного языка сами, используя словарь. К сожалению, не все сразу умеют различать виды слов, и не знают, какое именно значение выбрать, выбирая первое попавшееся в словаре .
Например, один из моих учеников должен был в качестве домашнего задания написать небольшой текст о характере человека и затем рассказать об этом на уроке, используя свои заметки. Ученик старался использовать как можно больше “сложных” слов, и подсмотрев в словаре слово “стеснительный”, он выбрал наиболее длинное (и, как ему показалось, сложное и красивое) слово “embarassing” вместо простого, короткого, но точного “shy”, просто потому, что это слово в словаре было первым. В итоге получилось: “I am embarrassing to talk to new people”.
Чтобы избежать такой проблемы необходимо для начала научить новичков пользоваться словарем (да, это отдельный навык!), смотреть не только на первое слово, но и на другие, и что самое главное — на примеры!

Literal Translation

Другая беда начинающих учеников — буквальный перевод фраз, слов и выражений, что приводит к появлению в английской речи русизмов (и других -измов), а также забавных ситуаций.
В преддверии праздников все без исключения мои ученики (от мала до велика, от A2 до C1) рассказывали мне, как они собираются “meet the New Year”, потому что мы же “встречаем Новый год”, так почему бы его не “meet” на английском. Проблема в том, что выражения в родном и английском языке в 90% случаев не совпадают, поэтому важно учить не просто слова, но и выражения, коллокации, words chunks, чтобы не делать таких ошибок в будущем.
Другие вариации на тему: мой испаноязычный студент говорил “I have 25 years” в ответ на “How old are you?”, потому что именно так в испанском отвечают на этот вопрос. И любимое всеми русскоязычными студентами (и даже моими школьными и университетскими преподавателями) “How do you think?” 😉

Prepositions

Пропуск предлогов во фразовых глаголах и verbs with dependent prepositions, а также подстановка неверного предлога (по аналогии с родным языком) — еще один бич всех начинающих и продолжающих студентов. Предлоги для меня лично вообще — самая сложная тема в любом языке, который я изучала (кроме английского). А все потому, что в каждом языке помимо прямого значения предлога учитывается еще и его использование с определенными словами и выражениями. В английском это фразовые глаголы и verbs with dependent prepositions.
Например, от учеников можно часто услышать “listen music” без “to” (ошибка в предлоге с verbs with dependent prepositions), “on the picture” вместо “in the picture” (подстановка неверного предлога по аналогии с родным языком). Иногда ученики пропускают нужный предлог в устойчивых выражениях, которые они где-то услышали, но запомнили не до конца, например, ученица мне рассказывала о Праге и описала свои впечатления так: “I fell in love the place”, пропустив важную часть выражения в виде предлога “with”.

Misspelling

В письменной речи часто страдает правописание, а именно, ученики пишут одно слово, имея в виду другое, или просто делают ошибки в написании. Пример первой проблемы: ученики путают на письме “than” и “then”, “its” и “it’s”, “witch” и “which”, “where” и “were” и т.д., потому что для них эти слова звучат одинаково (что в случае с “witch” и “which” действительно так). Решить эту проблему можно, работая над произношением и письмом. В современном мире (особенно в онлайн обучении) правописанию уделяется мало времени, даже носители языка делают ошибки. Тем не менее, если ученикам необходима будет в дальнейшем переписка на английском языке, в их же интересах сразу учиться писать грамотно. Проводите словарные диктанты (короткие, в начале урока), просите учеников записывать свои мысли (вести краткий дневник), заметки. Это поможет им запомнить написание повторяющихся слов и избежать глупых орфографических ошибок.

Redundancy

Помимо пропуска важных элементов выражений, некоторые учащиеся пытаются добавить что-то, часто лишнее, по аналогии с родным языком. Например, наверное, это боль всех преподавателей, когда студент говорит “I feel myself well”. Конкретно с этой проблемой бороться сравнительно легко. Как только ученики понимают, что они сейчас сказали, им сразу становиться стыдно, и через чувство (стыд) запоминается правильный вариант. С другими выражениями, типа “I want to take a look on/to” и др., работаем также, как и с пропуском таких важных слов — учим слова не в изоляции, а в контексте, учим полные выражения, word chunks.

False Friends

Ложные друзья переводчика также проблема, происходящая из-за любви к переводу всего и вся. Ученики пытаются использовать слова “accurate” в значении “аккуратный”, “biscuit” в значении “бисквит”, “salute” в значении “фейерверк”, “intelligent” в значении “интеллигентный” и т.д. Другая сторона медали — использование слова лишь в одном из его значений и непонимание других. Например, “diet” в английском языке не только диета, но и рацион, т.е. То, чем человек в принципе питается. Ученики воспринимают его только как “диета”, поэтому на вопрос: “Let’s talk about your diet. What do you eat?”, — отвечают: “I don’t have a diet”, что довольно забавно.
Выйти из этой ситуации можно, объяснив ученикам, что далеко не все слова, которые одинаково звучат, означают то же самое в английском и их родном языке.

Collocation and idiom breaker

Когда ученики на начальном уровне и еще не знают полных коллокаций и идиом, но пытаются их использовать, получается коверканье идиомы или устойчивого выражения. Причина — дословный перевод, упущение некоторые слов, использование не тех слов, что нужно. В итоге получаем, “on another hand”, “love from the first sight”, “make homework”, “do mistakes” и т.д. Бороться с этим нужно в первую очередь, объяснив студентам, что не стоит сначала усложнять речь выражениями, в которых они не уверены. При этом важно обучать их не просто словам, но и интересным выражениям, фразам и идиомам (самым простым) уже с самого начала. Обращайте особое внимание на то, что в них нельзя менять слова на другие, похожие, иначе получится ерунда.

Word Formation

Особо смелые студенты, не зная правил словообразования, пытаются их придумать сами, что приводит к различным перлам в стиле: “different thinks and ideas” (существительное от глагола “to think”), “Japan food” (использование существительного вместо прилагательного, которого студент не знает) и т.д.
Чтобы это предотвратить важно при введении новой лексики иногда давать студенту еще и однокоренные слова, представляющие другие части речи, особенно для самых распространенных слов. Это не только поможет им не делать такие ошибки, но и быстрее будет развивать их словарный запас.

Wrong register

Еще одной проблемой, часто пренебрегаемой, является использование слов неформальных в формальных ситуациях и наоборот. Однажды мой студент в небольшом сочинении написал, что у него болел “tummy”, поскольку это слово он знал, а вот слово “stomach” казалось ему слишком научным. Проблема в том, что сочинение в английском языке — формальный стиль, а потому просторечия или “детские” слова типа “tummy” в нем использовать нельзя.
Для работы над этой ошибкой важно обозначать для студентов степень формальности слова на этапе его первого введения.

Inappropriate synonyms

Мы говорим студентам, что необходимо разнообразить речь, особенно на письме, используя синонимы. Ученики рады стараться, тщательно их ищут в словарях, пишут или запоминают и потом используют в речи, но почему-то не всегда попадают в точку. Почему? Дело в том, что как и в других языках, в английском синонимы не всегда полностью совпадают по значению — это еще и близкие по значению слова. Часто бывает, что близкие по значению слова оказываются из разного register, не используются в каких-то ситуациях и т.д.
Например, “handsome” и “beautiful” вроде бы синонимы, но используются по-разному, причем, сказать “a handsome woman” можно, но значение такой фразы будет совсем другое. Важно научить студентов различать эти смыслы, проверять по примерам в словаре, когда что использовать, и при введении новой лексики оговаривать эти нюансы.

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Какие бы ошибки в использовании слов и выражений ни делали студенты, решение всех проблем одно — изучать лексику в контексте, вводить не только слова, но и word chunks, обращать внимание не только на значение слова, но и на произношение, написание, register, форму, синонимы, однокоренные слова и т.д.

А как вы работаете с такими ошибками? Какие лексические ошибки наиболее часто встречаются у ваших учеников?

Ждем ваших историй и идей в комментариях!

Inside the house lived a malevolent phantom. People said he existed, but Jem and I had never seen him. People said he went out at night when the moon was down, and peeped in windows. When people’s azaleas froze in a cold snap, it was because he had breathed on them. Any stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb were his work. Once the town was terrorized by a series of morbid nocturnal events: people’s chickens and household pets were found mutilated; although the culprit was Crazy Addie, who eventually drowned himself in Barker’s Eddy, people still looked at the Radley Place, unwilling to discard their initial suspicions.²

In this excerpt from Chapter 1 of To Kill a Mockingbird, descriptive words help to create a foreboding tone. Words like «morbid,» «mutilated,» «terrorized,» and «malevolent phantom» reveal Scout’s sense of fear and apprehension.

Перевод по словам

Предложения с «word choice»

I just, um… helped him with punctuation and word choice and stuff like that.	Я просто помогал ему с пунктуацией, подбором слов и всем таким.
Perhaps my word choice was a little… treacherous.	Возможно, мой подбор слов был несколько… коварен.
And diabolical would not be an inappropriate word choice for her.	Её даже злобной будет неуместно назвать.
Even text communication can have patterns of grammar or word choice, known to the agent and his original service, that can hide a warning of capture.	Даже текстовая коммуникация может иметь шаблоны грамматики или выбора слов, известные агенту и его первоначальной службе, которые могут скрывать предупреждение о захвате.
The quoted article by Reinhart Hummel is not well translated, the word choice is poor and slanted, the last paragraph makes little sense.	Цитируемая статья Райнхарта Хаммеля не очень хорошо переведена, выбор слов скуден и скошен, последний абзац имеет мало смысла.
This includes vocal tone/volume, word choice, etc.	Это включает в себя вокальный тон/громкость, выбор слов и т. д.
Regardless of what the meaning of the sentence is, the word choice just doesn’t fit.	Независимо от того, что означает предложение, выбор слова просто не подходит.
Brown’s prose style has been criticized as clumsy, with The Da Vinci Code being described as ‘committing style and word choice blunders in almost every paragraph’.	Стиль прозы Брауна критиковали как неуклюжий, а Код Да Винчи описывали как совершающий ошибки стиля и выбора слов почти в каждом абзаце.
Maybe a better word choice might be in order.	Может быть, более удачный выбор слов был бы уместен.
The word choice represents a shift from Keats’s early reliance on Latinate polysyllabic words to shorter, Germanic words.	Выбор слов представляет собой сдвиг от ранней опоры Китса на латинские многосложные слова к более коротким, германским словам .
Click on a word is used to measure knowledge of vocabulary; in the paper-based test this language skill is examined by the multiple choice questions.	Тип вопроса click on a word может использоваться для проверки знания лексики; в письменном варианте TOEFL данный языковой навык проверялся с помощью вопросов multiple choice.
Maybe caveman wasn’t the right choice of word (!	Возможно, я не так выразилась, когда говорила о пещерных людях.
If you have to ask why a 12-time Teen Choice Award nominee is a celebrity judge, then you don’t really understand what the word celebrity means.	Если ты спрашиваешь, почему 12 — кратная номинантка Teen Choice Award стала звездной судьей, значит, ты не понимаешь смысл слова звезда.
And word of advice, it’s always lady’s choice.	И дам совет, право выбора всегда за леди.
Have your boys put the word out on the street that you found me. Dominic will have no choice but to reach out to make a deal.	Если вы пустите слух, что нашли меня, у Доминика не останется вариантов, кроме как пойти на сделку.
But the Hebrew word, the word timshel-‘Thou mayest’-that gives a choice.	Но древнееврейское слово тимшел — можешь господствовать — дает человеку выбор .
Yeah, society may have neglected him, yes, but it didn’t force him to do meth. That was a choice, and I’m sorry, but when you use the word victim, I think of Mariana.	Да, общество, может, и пренебрегло им, да, но оно не заставляло его принимать наркотики это был выбор , и, я прошу прощения, но когда вы говорите слово жертва, я думаю о Мариане,
It is the word of choice by the Chinese Communist Party, used to hide the persecution.	Это слово было выбрано Коммунистической партией Китая, чтобы скрыть преследование.
Lorenz’s explanation for his choice of the English word Mobbing was omitted in the English translation by Marjorie Kerr Wilson.	Объяснение Лоренца по поводу его выбора английского слова моббинг было опущено в английском переводе Марджори Керр Уилсон.
That means that most suffixes have two or three different forms, and the choice between them depends on the vowels of the head word.	Это означает, что большинство суффиксов имеют две или три различные формы, и выбор между ними зависит от гласных главного слова .
The Law Society found the use of the word, though an extremely poor choice, did not rise to the level of professional misconduct.	Правовое общество сочло, что использование этого слова , хотя и было крайне неудачным выбором , не поднялось до уровня профессионального проступка.
In it, I saw neither the word ‘unconscionable’, nor any reference to Cho; hence my choice of wording.	В нем я не увидел ни слова бессовестный, ни какой — либо ссылки на Чо; отсюда и мой выбор формулировки.

When writing academically, the most precise choice is most often the right one. When two words can convey the same idea, the shortest and clearest option is usually the wisest. 

The process of choosing what to write involves a lot of consideration. Writing a paper requires choosing a topic, selecting a method, selecting resources, and setting up the main idea; then, when it’s time to write, selecting the words and structuring them.

Choosing the right words seems obvious, but selecting the right words will change your writing tone and content. There are several approaches to consciously choosing words, and we will explore them in this article.

Why is it important to choose the right words when writing?

There are two types of meanings for words: denotative and connotative. Definition and usage are referred to as denotation. Associating, connecting, and using words are described by their connotations. When it comes to using words in academia, these factors can be very important.

When writing a publication, using the right words is essential to its effectiveness. It is imperative to make choices when writing academically, just as when writing in other forms. The phrase, sentence, or even paragraph that most accurately conveys your argument is the first thing you should choose when you’re writing. 

Readers are more likely to understand a concept when the word choice is meaningful or striking. The purpose of it is to provide clarity, convey, and enhance concepts. There are several factors that can limit an author’s ability to convey accurate information through their word choice.

Use the right words and the right images together to boost your paper’s potential

Using the right images is just as important as the right words. Beautiful designs and scientifically accurate images can also be decisive when it comes to publishing a successful science paper. Try using Mind the Graph to easily create your visuals and take your work to another level.

The best ways to avoid making mistakes with your word choice

Your reader will have difficulty understanding what you meant when you use misused words or grammar structures. If there is “ambiguity”, “vagueness” or “Unclarity” in these words, they may be ineffective. Writers know what they intend to say, but readers know only what they actually said. Therefore, it is very important to avoid making such mistakes. 

Your word choice should always be based on your audience’s understanding. Thus, it is unsuitable to use slang, geographical terms, endearments, and jargon in academic writing. Avoid any phrase that is uncertain about the audience’s understanding. 

When proofreading your work, keep your readers’ perspective in mind. Matching the terminology of your subject matter is also important. Clarity and concision are only part of establishing your credibility as an author.

Words can often obscure your meaning if you use too many. A larger amount of material to read and analyze makes it more difficult to read and understand your writing. If your writing has extra words, try to eliminate them.

Keep your tone positive without sounding overly assertive. If you want to brainstorm while you write, you can use the slash/option technique. If you’re stuck on a word or a sentence, write out two or more alternatives. Getting a sense of the right tone of wording for your paper is best done by writing it in at least two ways.

Word choice examples and guide

Jargon

Jargon is an unintuitive, sometimes deliberate way of confusing words or expressions in order to influence a reader’s interpretation. Example: Patients suffered from high fevers and many side effects due to diseases, which they could not handle. (too many words describing the same idea when it could just be a simple sentence,” The disease caused severe symptoms in patients.)

Clichés

When a phrase becomes so common that its meaning is lost, it is called a cliché. A very typical example is “the grass is always greener on the other side” or “last but not least”, do not use it in academic writing.

Big Words

Using big words might sound fancy, but they don’t add meaning rather lead to an inability to comprehend a subject.

Generally used adjectives and adverbs

Appropriate adjectives and adverbs hold quantifiable meanings. Therefore, it is best to use words that describe the context and are accurate.

Wordiness

If your text is too wordy, the reader has to skim through more text to find the main implications of the paper.

Bring words to life with the power of visual

Exactly, we have many templates for every type of science visual communication. Save time by working smarter. The illustrations we offer can be customized to meet your specific needs, and we have a wide range of categories to choose from. With Mind the Graph, science communication is easier than ever before.