The Word by Word Vocabulary Development Program presents vocabulary through full-color illustrations and an outstanding array of support materials. The unique conversational approach of the Word by Word Picture Dictionary gives students communication practice with every word and provides the key vocabulary students need to know in a wide range of relevant topics and situations.feature the translations printed next to the English words for both in-class and self-study use. Available in Chinese, Haitian Kreyol, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Vietnamese.
144 pages, Paperback
First published May 5, 1995
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Word by Word Basic English/Japanese Picture Dictionary, Second Edition, by Steven J. Molinsky and Bill Bliss, is the only truly communicative vocabulary development program. Word by Word Basic is famous worldwide for its ease-of-use, lively spirit, and active conversational approach. The program’s unique interactive methodology makes vocabulary learning come alive as a dynamic, communicative experience! Outstanding features of the second edition:
- Vibrant illustrations and simple accessible lesson pages with large type are designed for clarity and ease-of-use with learners at low-beginning and literacy levels. Word by Word Basic is the most learner-friendly picture dictionary.
- More than 2,500 essential words prepare students for success using English in everyday life, in the community, in school, and at work.
- A careful research-based sequence of lessons integrates students’ development of grammar and vocabulary skills through topics that begin with the immediate world of the student and progress to the world at large.
- Expanded discussion questions encourage students to relate vocabulary topics to their own lives, experiences, and opinions.
Innovative supplements provide effective instructional tools for teachers and multilevel options for students:
- The English/Japanese Edition presents the second language in blue next to each English word. A monolingual English version is also available.
- The Teacher’s Guide and Lesson Planner with CD-ROM includes lesson-planning suggestions, community tasks, Internet web links, and reproducible masters.
- A Vocabulary Workbook feature motivating vocabulary, grammar, and listening practice (Audio CDs included).
- A Lifeskills Workbook provides standards-based activities and reading tied to major curriculum frameworks.
- A Literacy Workbook offers fundamental practice with the alphabet and basic reading and writing skills for pre-Beginners (Audio CD included).
- The Audio Program includes all words and conversations for interactive practice and – as bonus material – an expanded selection of WordSongs for entertaining vocabulary practice through music.
- Color Transparencies and Vocabulary Game Cards are ideal picture resources for introducing, practicing, and reviewing vocabulary.
- The Testing Program and ExamView CD-ROM provide effective tools for assessment of student progress.
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word2word
Easy-to-use word translations for 3,564 language pairs.
This is the official code accompanying our LREC 2020 paper.
Summary
- A large collection of freely & publicly available bilingual lexicons
for 3,564 language pairs across 62 unique languages. - Easy-to-use Python interface for accessing top-k word translations and
for building a new bilingual lexicon from a custom parallel corpus. - Constructed using a simple approach that yields bilingual lexicons with
high coverage and competitive translation quality.
Usage
First, install the package using pip:
OR
git clone https://github.com/kakaobrain/word2word python setup.py install
Then, in Python, download the model and retrieve top-5 word translations
of any given word to the desired language:
from word2word import Word2word en2fr = Word2word("en", "fr") print(en2fr("apple")) # out: ['pomme', 'pommes', 'pommier', 'tartes', 'fleurs']
Supported Languages
We provide top-k word-to-word translations across all available pairs
from OpenSubtitles2018.
This amounts to a total of 3,564 language pairs across 62 unique languages.
The full list is provided here.
Methodology
Our approach computes top-k word translations based on
the co-occurrence statistics between cross-lingual word pairs in a parallel corpus.
We additionally introduce a correction term that controls for any confounding effect
coming from other source words within the same sentence.
The resulting method is an efficient and scalable approach that allows us to
construct large bilingual dictionaries from any given parallel corpus.
For more details, see the Methodology section of our paper.
Building a Bilingual Lexicon on a Custom Parallel Corpus
The word2word package also provides interface for
building a custom bilingual lexicon using a different parallel corpus.
Here, we show an example of building one from
the Medline English-French dataset:
from word2word import Word2word # custom parallel data: data/pubmed.en-fr.en, data/pubmed.en-fr.fr my_en2fr = Word2word.make("en", "fr", "data/pubmed.en-fr") # ...building... print(my_en2fr("mitochondrial")) # out: ['mitochondriale', 'mitochondriales', 'mitochondrial', # 'cytopathies', 'mitochondriaux']
When built from source, the bilingual lexicon can also be constructed from the command line as follows:
python make.py --lang1 en --lang2 fr --datapref data/pubmed.en-fr
In both cases, the custom lexicon (saved to datapref/ by default) can be re-loaded in Python:
from word2word import Word2word my_en2fr = Word2word.load("en", "fr", "data/pubmed.en-fr") # Loaded word2word custom bilingual lexicon from data/pubmed.en-fr/en-fr.pkl
Multiprocessing
In both the Python interface and the command line interface,
make uses multiprocessing with 16 CPUs by default.
The number of CPU workers can be adjusted by setting
num_workers=N (Python) or --num_workers N (command line).
References
If you use word2word for research, please cite our paper:
@inproceedings{choe2020word2word, author = {Yo Joong Choe and Kyubyong Park and Dongwoo Kim}, title = {word2word: A Collection of Bilingual Lexicons for 3,564 Language Pairs}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020)}, year = {2020} }
All of our pre-computed bilingual lexicons were constructed from the publicly available
OpenSubtitles2018 dataset:
@inproceedings{lison-etal-2018-opensubtitles2018, title = "{O}pen{S}ubtitles2018: Statistical Rescoring of Sentence Alignments in Large, Noisy Parallel Corpora", author = {Lison, Pierre and Tiedemann, J{"o}rg and Kouylekov, Milen}, booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC} 2018)", month = may, year = "2018", address = "Miyazaki, Japan", publisher = "European Language Resources Association (ELRA)", url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/L18-1275", }
Authors
Kyubyong Park,
Dongwoo Kim, and
YJ Choe
Other forms: bilinguals
Bilingual is an adjective that describes a person or community that speaks two languages. A bilingual woman might speak Spanish and English, and a part of town where people speak Mandarin and Polish is a bilingual neighborhood.
The prefix bi— means “having two,” and the Latin word lingua means “tongue, language,” so bilingual literally means “having two tongues.” It would be a mouthful to have two physical tongues, but luckily bilingual is for language tongues: the ability to speak two languages fluently. Bilingual is also a noun, and a person can be called a bilingual, like in the African country Chad, where the official languages are French and Arabic, and where many of the citizens are bilinguals.
Definitions of bilingual
-
adjective
using or knowing two languages
“bilingual education”
-
Synonyms:
-
multilingual
using or knowing more than one language
-
multilingual
-
noun
a person who speaks two languages fluently
DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘bilingual’.
Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Vocabulary.com or its editors.
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