Word building is a synonym to the

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WiktionaryRate these synonyms:0.0 / 0 votes

1. building1

   The act or process of building.

   The building of the bridge will be completed in a couple of weeks.

   Synonyms:
   construction

2. building1

   A closed structure with walls and a roof.

   My sister lives in that apartment building.

   Synonyms:
   edifice

Princeton’s WordNetRate these synonyms:0.0 / 0 votes

1. building, edificenoun

   a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

   «there was a three-story building on the corner»; «it was an imposing edifice»

   Synonyms:
   construction, edifice, building

2. construction, buildingnoun

   the act of constructing something

   «during the construction we had to take a detour»; «his hobby was the building of boats»

   Synonyms:
   twist, expression, edifice, mental synthesis, construction, structure, grammatical construction, building

3. construction, buildingnoun

   the commercial activity involved in repairing old structures or constructing new ones

   «their main business is home construction»; «workers in the building trades»

   Synonyms:
   twist, expression, edifice, mental synthesis, construction, structure, grammatical construction, building

4. buildingnoun

   the occupants of a building

   «the entire building complained about the noise»

   Synonyms:
   construction, edifice

Matched Categories

1. • Creating From Raw Materials
   • Gathering
   • Structure

PPDB, the paraphrase databaseRate these paraphrases:0.0 / 0 votes

1. List of paraphrases for «building»:

   construction, buildings, build, edifice, constructing, construct, edificio, strengthening, immeuble, establishment, vessel, creation, bâtiment, creating, create, consolidation, premises, establishing, tower, establish, architectural, constructive, block, strengthen, development, chee, immovable, bldg, complex, property, built, rebuilding, enhancing, consolidating, bldg., chantiers, enhancement

How to pronounce Building?

How to say Building in sign language?

How to use Building in a sentence?

1. Ashraf Haidari:

   They are not carrying guns inside the building and one of them said we can learn from your expertise.

2. Czech Industry Minister Karel Havlicek:

   The technology which is the foundation of building 5G networks has a global character and I cannot imagine that we would have different parameters set for the approach to Huawei or any other company in the Czech Republic than in Germany or Poland.

3. Superintendent Kirk Carpenter:

   To get a project like this done in a month’s time was absolutely amazing, no one’s going to change what we do at that high school, and that’s to make sure learning takes place. Book admits demolishing Building 12, erecting a new building and implementing a memorial park on campus is a daunting task, especially with Florida’s legislative session nearing its end. Estimates for the proposal come in around $ 25 to 30 million, which would come from state appropriations. Not to mention the freshman building on Marjory Stoneman Douglas ’ campus holds about 900 students, a quarter of the school’s population. Lawmakers are pushing to demolish Building 12 and implement a memorial park in its place. ( Fox News) The school, named after a women’s suffrage advocate, opened in 1990. It’s about two hours north of Miami. Charo acknowledges it will be hard for the school to adjust without the building, saying it.

4. Felicia Anna:

   The beneficial thing for working behind the window is that it is visible, and you feel safer. In an erotic center, you don’t have the same feeling because you’re closed off in a building.

5. Mohamed Sbah:

   We are trying to force them out house by house, we advanced by about five houses this morning. We saw the snipers making holes in the wall so they could move from one building to another.

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Translations for Building

From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary

• gebouAfrikaans
• دار, بِنَايَةٌ, مَبنى, بناءArabic
• bina, tikmə, tikinti, inşaatAzerbaijani
• дом, буды́нак, будаўні́цтваBelarusian
• дом, изгра́ждане, къ̀ща, граде́ж, зда́ние, сгра́да, строи́телство, постро́йкаBulgarian
• ভবনBengali
• ཁང་པTibetan Standard
• construcció, edificiCatalan, Valencian
• stavba, budování, dům, výstavba, budovaCzech
• adeilad, adeiladuWelsh
• bygning, byggeri, opførelseDanish
• Bau, Bauen, GebäudeGerman
• κτίριο, κτίσμα, οικοδομή, δόμησηGreek
• konstruado, konstruaĵoEsperanto
• edificación, construcción, edificioSpanish
• ehitama, hooneEstonian
• eraikin, eraikinaBasque
• ساختمون, بنا, ساختمان, عمارتPersian
• rakennus, rakentaminen, rakennustaitoFinnish
• bâtiment, immeuble, construction, édificeFrench
• foirgneamhIrish
• togalach, togailScottish Gaelic
• edificioGalician
• મકાનGujarati
• בניין, בנייהHebrew
• निर्माण, इमारत, भवनHindi
• batiman, bildingHaitian Creole
• épület, felépítés, építés, építkezésHungarian
• շենք, շինարարությունArmenian
• konstruksi, pembangunan, bangunan, gedungIndonesian
• edificoIdo
• byggingIcelandic
• costruzione, edificazione, palazzo, edificioItalian
• ビルディング, 建築, 建設, 建造, ビル, 建物Japanese
• შენება, შენობაGeorgian
• үй, ғимаратKazakh
• អាគារKhmer
• 建設, 건물, 建物, 건설, 빌딩Korean
• بیناکردن, بیناKurdish
• куруу, конструкциялоо, үй, чогултуу, салуу, жасоо, имарат, курулуш, кураштыруу, тургузуу, конструкция, көтөрүүKyrgyz
• constructio, aedificiumLatin
• GebaiLuxembourgish, Letzeburgesch
• ຕຶກ, ການກໍ່ສ້າງLao
• pastatas, statyba, statinysLithuanian
• celšana, ēka, celtne, būvēšanaLatvian
• и́зградба, дом, ку́ќа, зда́ние, згра́даMacedonian
• барьсан зүйл, барилгаMongolian
• pembinaan, pembangunan, bangunanMalay
• biniMaltese
• တိုက်အိမ်Burmese
• भवनNepali
• bouwen, bouw, gebouwDutch
• konstruere, bygge, bygningNorwegian
• dom, budować, budynek, budowaPolish
• جوړول, ماڼۍPashto, Pushto
• edificação, prédio, edifício, construçãoPortuguese
• construire, clădire, edificiu, edificareRomanian
• зда́ние, дом, стро́йка, строе́ние, констру́кция, строи́тельство, постро́йкаRussian
• भवन, निर्माणSanskrit
• dȍm, згра̏да, zgrȁda, kȕća, izgrádnja, зда́ње, гра́дња, grádnja, ку̏ћа, изгра́дња, до̏м, zdánjeSerbo-Croatian
• stavba, dom, budovaSlovak
• hiša, stavba, zgradba, gradnjaSlovene
• ndërtesaAlbanian
• bygge, hus, byggnad, byggande, byggnation, byggnadsverksamhetSwedish
• jengo, jengaSwahili
• கட்டிடம்Tamil
• భవంతి, కట్టడము, కట్టుబడిTelugu
• бино, иморатTajik
• อาคาร, ตึกThai
• ymarat, binaTurkmen
• gusaliTagalog
• inşa, inşaat, binaTurkish
• дім, спору́да, буди́нок, будівни́цтвоUkrainian
• تعمیر, بھون, عمارتUrdu
• qirilish, binoUzbek
• toà nhàVietnamese
• bum, bumot, bumam, bumotilem, bumotem, bumotilVolapük
• 建造Chinese

Get even more translations for Building »

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• فارسی (Persian)
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• Norsk (Norwegian)
• English (English)

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Citation

Use the citation below to add these synonyms to your bibliography:

Word-building in
English, major means of WB in English:

a) affixation;

b) conversion;

c) composition; types
of compounds.

WB
is the process of creating new words in a language with the help of
its inner sources.

Two
types of WB proper :

• Word derivation when 1 stem undergoes different changes;

• Word composition when 2 or more stems are put together.

The most important means of word derivation are:

a) affixation;

b) conversion;

c) composition; types of compounds.

Affixation,
conversion, composition are the most productive or major means of WB
in modern English.

Shortening
occupies the intermediate position between major & “minor” or
less productive & unproductive means of WB.

Minor
means of word-building are:

• Back formation = reversion;

• Blending = telescoping;

• Reduplication = doubling the stem;

• Sound immitation;

• Sound interchange;

• Shift of stress, etc.

Affixation is the most productive means of word-building in English.
Affixation is the formation of new words by adding a derivational
affix to a derivational base.

Affixation is subdivided into:

• Suffixation

• Prefixation.

The essential differences between suffixes &
preffixes is that preffixes as a rule only modify the lexical meaning
of a word without changing the part of speech to which the word
belongs

e.g. to tie – to untie

However, some preffixes form new words in a
different part of speech:

e.g. friend – N., to be friend-V., adj.- little., V.-
to be little.

Suffixes do not only modify the lexical meaning of a word but also
form a word belonging to a different part of speech.

Suffixes are usually classified according to the part of speech they
form:

• Noun-forming suffixes ( to read – reader, dark – darkness);

• Adjective-forming (power-powerful);

• Verb-forming ( to organize, to purify);

• Adverbal-forming (quick-quickly).

Prefixes are usually classified according to their meaning:

• Negative prefixes (-un; -non; -in; -dis…);

• Reversative = privative (-un; -de; -dis..);

• Pejorative (уничижительные)
  (mis-; mal- (maltreat-дурно
  обращаться); pseudo-);

• Preffixes of time & order (fore-(foretell); pre-(prewar); post-;
  ex-(ex-wife);

• Prefixes of repetition (re- rewrite);

• Locative prefixes (super-; sub-subway; into-; trans –atlantic))

The 2 main criteria, according to which all the affixes are
subdivided are:

1)
origin;

2) productivity.

As to their origin (etymology) affixes are:

• Native;

• Borrowed.

Borrowed affixes may be classified according to the source of
borrowing (Greek, Latin, etc.) According to their productivity, i.e.
the ability to build new words at the present time, English affixes
are:

• Productive or living affixes, used to build new words now;

• Non-productive = unproductive affixes, not used in the word-building
  now, or used very rarely.

Productivity shouldn’t be confused with frequency. What is frequent
may turn out to be non-productive (-some (adj.)-handsome is very
frequent, but not productive).

Some native prefixes still productive in English
are: — fore; -out (grow); over (estimate); -un (able); -up
(bringing); -under, -mis, etc.

Productive foreign prefixes are: -dis (like); -en (close); -re(call);
-super (natural); -pre (war); -non (drinking); -anti (noise).

Native noun-forming suffixes in modern English are: -er (writer);
-ster (youngster), -ness(brightness), etc.

Adjective-forming native suffixes (productive in English) are: -y
(rocky); -ish (Turkish), ful; -ed (cultured); -less (useless), etc.

Foreign productive noun-forming suffixes are: -ee
(employee); -tion (revolution); -ism(Gr., realism); -ist, etc.

Borrowed productive verb-forming suffixes of
Romanic origin are: -ise,ize (organize), -fy, ify (signify).

Prefixation is more typical of adjectives & verbs. Suffixation is
approximately evenly used in all parts of speech.

There are 2 types of semantic relations between affixes:

• Homonymy;

• Synonymy.

Homonymous prefixes are: -in: inactive, to inform.
Homonymous suffixes are: -ful₁
(adjective-forming), -ful₂
(noun-forming-spoonful), -ly₁
(adj.-forming-friendly), -ly₂
(adverb-forming-quickly).

Some affixes make a chain of synonyms: the native
suffix –er denoting an agent, is synonymous to suffix –ist
(Gr.)-socialist & to suffix –eer – also denoting an agent
(engineer) but often having a derrogatory force (`sonneteer-
стихоплёт, profiteer –
спекулянт, etc.)

Some affixes are polysemantic: the noun-forming suffix –er has
several meanings:

• An agent or doer of the action –giver, etc.

• An instrument –boiler, trailer

• A profession, occupation –driver;

• An inhabitant of some place –londoner.

b)
Conversion
is one of the most productive word-building means in English. Words,
formed by means of conversion have identical phonetic & graphic
initial forms but belong to different parts of speech (noun –
doctor; verb –to doctor). Conversion
is a process of coining (создание)
a new word in a different part of speech & with different
distribution characteristic but without adding any derivative
elements, so that the basic form of the original & the basic form
of the derived words are homonymous (identical). (Arnold)

The
main reason for the widespread conversion in English is its
analytical character, absence of scarcity of inflections. Conversion
is treated differently in linguistic literature. Some linguists
define conversion as a non-affixal way of word-building (Marchened
defines conversion as the formation of new words with the help of a
zero morpheme, hence the term zero derivation)

Some
American & English linguists define conversioon as a functional
shift from one part of speech to another, viewing conversion as a
purely syntactical process. Accoding to this point of view, a word
may function as 2 or more different parts of speech at the same time,
which is impossible. Professor Smernitsky treats conversion as a
morphological way of word-building. According to him conversion is
the formation of a new word through the changes in its paradigm.

Some
other linguists regard conversion as a morphological syntactical way
of word-building, as it involves both a change of the paradigm &
the alterration of the syntactic function of the word.

But
we shouldn’t overlook the semantic change, in the process of
conversion. All the morphological & syntactical changes, only
accompany the semantic process in conversion. Thus, conversion may be
treated as a semantico-morphologico-syntactical process.

As a word within the conversion pair is
semantically derived from the other there are certain semantic
relationswithin a conversion pair.

De-nominal words (от
глагола) make up the largest group &
display the following semantic relations with the nouns:

1. action characteristic of the thing: -a butcher; to butcher

2. instrumental use of the thing: -a whip; to wheep

3. acquisition of a thing: a coat; to coat

4. deprivation of a thing: skin – to skin.

Deverbal substantives (отглаг.сущ)they
may denote:

• instance of the action: to move – a move;

• agent of the action: to switch – a switch;

• place of the action: to walk- a walk;

• object or result of the action: to find – a find.

The English vocabulary abounds mostly in verbs,
converted from nouns( or denominal verbs) & nouns, converted from
verbs (deverbal substances): pin –to pin; honeymoon-to honeymoon.
There are also some other cases of conversion: batter-to batter, up –
to up, etc.

c)
Composition is one of the most productive word-building
means in modern English. Composition is the production of a new word
by means of uniting 2 or more stems which occur in the language as
free forms (bluebells, ice-cream).

According
to the type of composition & the linking element, there are
following types of compounds:

• neutral compounds; (1)

• morphological compounds; (2)

• syntactical compounds. (3)

(1)
Compounds built by means of stem junction (juxt – opposition)
without any morpheme as a link, are called neutral compounds. The
subtypes of neutral compounds according to the structure of immediate
constituents:

a)
simple neutral compounds (neutral compounds proper) consisting of 2
elements (2 simple stems): sky –blue;film-star.

b) derived compounds (derivational compounds) –
include at least one derived stem: looking-glass, music-lover,
film-goer, mill-owner derived compounds or derivational should be
distinguished from compound derivatives, formed by means of a suffix,
which reffers to the combination of stems as a whole. Compound
derivatives (сложно-произв.слова)
are the result of 2 acts of word-building composition &
derivation. ( golden-haired, broad-shouldered, honey-mooner,
first-nighter).

c)
contracted compounds which have a shortened stem or a simple stem in
their structure, as “V-day” (victory), G-man (goverment), H-bag
(hand-bag).

d)
compounds, in which at least 1 stem is compound (waterpaper(comp)
–basket(simple))

(2)
Compounds with a specific morpheme as a link (comp-s with a linking
element = morphological compounds). E.g. Anglo-Saxon, Franko-German,
speedometer, statesman, tradespeople, handicraft, handiwork.

(3)
Compounds formed from segments of speech by way of isolating speech
sintagmas are sometimes called syntactic compounds, or compounds with
the linking element(s) represented as a rule by the stems of
form-words (brother-in-law, forget-me-not, good-in-nothing).

II.
Compounds may be classified according to a part of speech they belong
& within each part of speech according to their structural
pattern (structural types of compound-nouns):

• compounds nouns formed of an adjectival stem + a noun stem A+N.

e.g.blackberry, gold fish

• compound nouns formed of a noun-stem +a noun stem N+N

e.g. waterfall, backbone, homestead, calhurd

III.
Semantically compounds may be: idiomatic (non-motivated),
non-idiomatic

(motivated).
The compounds whose meanings can be derived from the meanings of
their component stems, are called non-idiomatic, e.g. classroom,
handcuff, handbag, smoking-car.

The
compounds whose meanings cannot be derived from the meanings of their
component stems are called idiomatic, e.g. lady-bird, man of war,
mother-of-pearls.

The
critiria applied for distinguishing compounds from word combinations
are:

• graphic;

• phonetic;

• grammatical (morphological, syntactic);

• semantic.

The graphic criteria can be relied on when
compounds are spelled either sollidly, or with or with a hyphen, but
it fails when the compound is spelled as 2 separate words,

e.g.
blood(-)vessel
(крово-сосудистый)

The phonetic criterium is applied to comp-s which
have either a high stress on the first component as in “hothead”
(буйная голова),
or a double stress “ `washing-ma`chine”, but it’s useless when
a compound has a level stress on both components, as in “
`arm-chair, `ice-cream” etc.

If we apply morphological & syntactical
criterium, we’ll see that compounds consisting of stems, possess
their structural integrity. The components of a compound are
grammatically invariable. No word can be inserted between the
components, while the components of a word-group, being independant
words, have the opposite features (tall-boy(высокий
комод), tall boy (taller&
cleverer,tallest)).

One of the most reliable criteria is the semantic
one. Compounds generally possess the higher degree of semantic
cohesion (слияние) of its elements
than word-groups. Compounds usually convey (передавать)
1 concep. (compare: a tall boy – 2 concepts, & a tallboy – 1
concept). In most cases only a combination of different criteria can
serve to distinguish a compound word from a word combination.