Word building find in the story

1. Вы прочитаете краткую выдержку из книги «Мальчик» Роальда Даля. Книга о детских и школьных годах автора

1) Посмотрите на картинку, прочитайте подписи и скажите,по какому случаю одет Роальд Даль. (Предвидеть)

Я все еще чувствую себя нелепо.

Я чувствую себя учеником гробовщика в похоронном бюро.

Я буду выглядеть идиотом.

Это была самая смешная одежда, которую я когда-либо видел.

Никто не носит таких вещей.

Двести лет назад их одежда была еще более эксцентричной, чем сегодня.

Никто не обратит на тебя никакого внимания!

Он не может пойти в этом.

Он будет арестован полицией.

ГДЗ #

Не got dressed like that to go to School.

(Он так одет, чтобы пойти в школу)

2) Посмотрите на фотографии и сопоставьте русские слова с картинками и надписями. (угадывать значение)

подтяжки • оборки на рукавах • фрак соломенная шляпа с чёрно-синей лентой вокруг • парик жилет с двумя маленькими карманами • съёмный воротник брюки из ткани в тонкую светло-серую полоску • блейзер (пиджак)

ГДЗ #

A detachable collar — отстегивающийся воротничок

it — жесткая широкополая соломенная шляпа с синей и черной полосой вокруг нее

A blazer — пиджак.

Ruffles on the sleeves — оборки на рукавах.

A wig — парик.

Trousers with grey pin-striped lines — черные брюки с тонкими серыми полосками.

A stiff wide-brimmed straw hat with a blue and black band around

A tailcoat — фрак

A waistcoat with two little pockets on either side, one above one —

жилет с двенадцатью, пуговицами спереди и двумя маленькими кармашками на каждой стороне, один над другим.

Braces — подтяжки

3) Прочитайте рассказ, посмотрите на фотографии и скажите, какие предметы одежды были частью школьной формы Роальда Даля, а какие нет. (чтение для деталей)

Мне было всего тринадцать в сентябре 1929 года, когда пришло мое время идти в школу в Рептон. Прежде всего, мне пришлось одеться. Я был в Лондоне с моей матерью за неделю до этого, чтобы купить школьную одежду, и я помню, как я был шокирован, когда увидел одежду, которую я должен был носить.

И вот это удивительная причудливая форма была на моей кровати. «Надень ее, — сказала мама. «Поторопись, или ты опоздаешь на поезд». «Я буду выглядеть идиотом», — сказал я. Моя мать вышла из комнаты и оставила меня с ней.

Я начал одеваться. Сначала была белая рубашка со съемным белым воротником. Вокруг белого воротничка, я завязал черный галстук. Затем брюки и подтяжки. Брюки были черные в тонкую серую полоску. Я застегнул подтяжки на брюках, всего шесть кнопок. Затем я надел брюки с подтяжками и новую пару черных туфель.

Теперь о жилете. Он был также черным, и на нем было двенадцать пуговиц и два небольших кармана. Я надел его и застегнул пуговицы. Все это было достаточно для мальчика, который никогда прежде не носил ничего более замысловатого, чем пару шорт и блейзер. Затем я надел пиджак. Пиджак на самом деле не был пиджаком, это был своего рода фрак. Без сомнения, это была самая смешная одежда, которую я когда-либо видел.

Впереди была одна пуговица, и от этой пуговицы вниз линии пальто отделялись, образуя пару «хвостов». Я надел его и застегнул переднюю пуговицу. Чувствуя себя учеником гробовщика в похоронном бюро, я спустился вниз. Когда я появился, мои сестры падали от смеха. «Он не может выйти в этом!» — закричали они. «Он будет арестован полицией!» «Надень свою шляпу, — сказала моя мать, давая мне соломенную шляпу с синей и черной полосой вокруг нее. Я надел ее и сделал все возможное, чтобы выглядеть достойно. «Никто не обратит на тебя никакого внимания», — сказала мама, когда мы прошли через Бексли-Хай-стрит. И, к моему удивлению, так и было.

«Я кое-что узнала об Англии, — продолжала моя мать. «Это страна, в которой мужчины любят носить униформу и эксцентричную одежду. Двести лет назад их одежда была еще более эксцентричной, чем сегодня. Ты можешь считать себя счастливым, тебе не нужно носить парик на голове и оборки на рукавах.” — Я все еще чувствую себя нелепо, — сказал я.

«Каждый, кто смотрит на тебя, — сказала моя мать, — знает, что ты ходишь в государственную школу. Во всех английских государственных школах есть своя собственная модная униформа. Люди будут удивлены, как тебе повезло, что ты собираешься в одно из этих знаменитых мест».

ГДЗ #

A butterfly and a black tie, collars, brass braces with clips, a waistcoat with two pockets on either side, a tail-coat, a white shirt, black trousers with thin grey lines, a stiff wide-brimmed hat were parts of Roald’s school uniform.

(Бабочка и черный галстук, воротники, медные подтяжки с клипсами, жилет с двумя карманами с обеих сторон, фрак, белая рубашка, черные брюки с тонкими серыми линиями, жесткая широкополая шляпа были частью школьной формы Роальда).

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

a button — to button (застегивать (пуговицы)- ?

(пуговица)

a tie (галстук) — to tie (завязывать, затягивать) — ?

4) В каком порядке Роальд оделся? Выпишите названия предметов одежды в том порядке, в котором они были одеты. (чтение для конкретной информации / создание заметок)

ГДЗ #

Tied the tie, using an ordinary tie-knot; buttoned the braces on the trousers, six buttons in all; adjusted the braces: laced the shoes up; did the buttons; did up the button; put it on and did my best to look dignified.

(Завязал галстук, используя обычный узел; пристегнул подтяжки к брюкам, всего шесть пуговиц; отрегулировал длину подтяжек: зашнуровал ботинки; застегнул на все пуговицы; застегнул на пуговицу; надел и сделал все возможное, чтобы выглядеть достойно)

5) Научитесь переводить. Какие из следующих утверждений истинны и которые ложны в соответствии с текстом? Переведите предложения (понимание грамматических структур с инфинитивом цели)

I did my best to look dignified.

Я старался изо всех сил, чтобы выглядеть достойно.

1. Роальд и его мать отправились в Лондон, чтобы купить школьную одежду.

2. Мать Роальда вышла из комнаты, чтобы дать сыну возможность одеться.

3. Роальд надел рубашку и взял черный галстук, чтобы завязать его вокруг воротника.

4. Затем он взял жилет, чтобы надеть его на (поверх) рубашку.

5. Он надел пиджак, чтобы показать, насколько удивительна его новая школьная форма.

6. В своем новом наряде Роальд спустился вниз, чтобы рассмешить своих сестер.

7. Внизу мать ждала Роальда чтобы дать ему новую соломенную шляпу.

8. Роальд медленно прошел по Бексли-Хай-стрит, чтобы показать всем, что он собирается в одну из самых известных английских государственных школ.

6) Найдите в рассказе слова, которые описывают «школьную одежду». Какие эмоции предполагают слова?

ГДЗ #

All this was bad enough, elaborate, ridiculous, eccentric.

(Все это было достаточно плохим, сложным, смешным, эксцентричным)

The boy is shy to wear such clothes and he feels an ass.

(Мальчик стесняется носить такую одежду, и он чувствует себя глупо.

7) Как мать Роальда пыталась утешить своего сына? Была ли мать Роальда англичанкой по происхождению или нет? Докажите свое мнение из текста.

ГДЗ #

She says that it’s a normal outfit there and no one’s been paying attention to him.

And his mother is not native, as she says: “I have learnt one thing about England”.

(Она говорит, что это обычный наряд, и никто не обращал на него внимания.

И его мать не является англичанкой, поскольку она говорит: «Я кое-что узнала об Англии»).

1. You are going to read a short extract from the book Boy by Roald Dahl The book s about the author’s childhood and school years
1) Look at the picture, read the captions and say what occasion Roald Dahi got dressed for. (anticipating)
I still feel an ass.
I feel like an undertaker’s apprentice in a funeral parlour.
I’ll look like an idiot.
It was the most ridiculous piece of clothing I had ever seen.
Nobody wears things like that.

Two hundred years ago their clothes were even more eccentric than they are today.
Nobody’s going to pay any attention to you!
He can’t go out in those.
He’ll be arrested by the police.

2) Look at the pictures and match the Russian words with the pictures and captions. (guessing meaning)
подтяжки • оборки на рукавах • фрак соломенная шляпа с чёрно-синей лентой вокруг • парик жилет с двумя маленькими карманами • съёмный воротник брюки из ткани в тонкую светло-серую полоску • блейзер (пиджак)

3) Read the story, look at the pictures again and say which pieces of clothing were parts of Roald Dahl’s school uniform and which were not. (reading for detail)
I was exactly thirteen in September 1929 when the time came for me to go to school to Repton. I had first of all to get dressed. Г had been to London with my mother the week before to buy the school clothes, and I remember how shocked I was when I saw the clothes I was expected to wear.
And now this amazing fancy dress was there on my bed. “Put it on,” my mother said. “Hurry up or you’ll miss the train.” “I’ll look like an idiot,” I said. My mother went out of the room and left me to it.
I began to dress myself. First there was a white shirt with a detachable white collar. Around the white collar. I tied a black tie. Then came the trousers and the braces. The trousers were black with thin grey pin-striped lines. I buttoned the braces on to the trousers, six buttons in all. Then I put on the trousers with the braces and a new pair of black shoes.
Now for the waistcoat. This was also black and it had twelve buttons and two little waistcoat pockets. I put it on and did up the buttons. All this was had enough for a boy who had never before worn anything more elaborate than a pair of shorts and a blazer. Then I put on the jacket. The jacket wasn’t actually s jacket, it was a sort of a tailcoat. No doubt, it was the most ridiculous piece of clothing I had ever seen. In the front there was one button and from this button downwards, the lines of the coat separated, forming a pair of “tails”. I put the thing on and did up the front button. Feeling like an undertaker’s apprentice in a funeral parlour, I walked downstairs. My sisters fell all over the room laughing when I appeared. “He can’t go out in those!” they cried. “He’ll be arrested by the police!” “Put your hat on,” my mother said, giving me a straw hat with a blue and black band around it. I put it on and did my best to look dignified. “Nobody’s going to pay any attention to you,” my mother said as we walked through Bexley High Street. And to my surprise, nobody was.
“I have learnt one thing about England,” my mother went on. “It is a country where men love to wear uniforms and eccentric clothes. Two hundred years ago their clothes were even more eccentric than they are today. You can consider yourself lucky, you don’t have to wear a wig on your head and frills on your sleeves.” “I still feel an ass,” I said.
“Everyone who looks at you,” my mother said, “know’s that you are going away to a Public School. All English public schools have their own different crazy uniforms. People will be flunking how lucky you are to be going to one of those famous places.”
Ответ
A butterfly and a black tie, collars, brass braces with clips, a waistcoat with two pockets on either side, a tail-coat, a white shirt, black trousers with thin grey lines, a stiff wide-brimmed hat were parts of Roald’s school uniform.

WORD BUILDING
a button — to button — ?
(пуговица)
a tie — to tie — ?

4) What order did Roald get dressed in? Write out the names of the pieces of clothing in the order they were put on. (reading for specific information/making notes)

5) Learning to translate. Which of the following statements are true and which are false according to the text? Translate the statements, (understanding grammar structures with the infinitive of purpose) (GS p. 191)
I did my best to look dignified.
Я старался изо всех сил, чтобы выглядеть достойно.
1. Roald and his mother went to London to buy the school clothes.
2. Roald’s mother went out of the room to give her son an opportunity to get dressed.
3. Roald put a shirt and took a black tie to tie it around the collar.
4. Then he took the waistcoat to put it on over the shirt.
5. He put on the jacket to show how amazing his new school uniform was.
6. In his new outfit Roald walked downstairs to make his sisters laugh.
7. Downstairs mother waited for Roald to give him a new straw hat.
8. Roald walked slowly through Bexley High Street to show everyone that he was going to one of the most famous English public schools.

6) Find in the story the words which describe “the school clothes”. What emotions do the words suggest?

7) How did Roald’s mother try to comfort her son? Was Roald’s mother English by origin or not? Prove your opinion from the text.

На этой странице вы сможете найти и списать готовое домешнее задание (ГДЗ) для школьников по предмету Английский язык, которые посещают 8 класс из книги или рабочей тетради под названием/издательством «Решебник ГДЗ English», которая была написана автором/авторами: Кузовлев. ГДЗ представлено для списывания совершенно бесплатно и в открытом доступе.

Данная разработка представляет собой тренировочные упражнения по слообразованию для учащихся 9-11 классов. В работе представленя два текста, заданием для которых является преобразовать данные в скобках слова таким образом, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста, и также даны три текста в формате ЕГЭ (раздел «Словообразование»). Ко всем заданиям прилагаются ключи.

Anton Chekhov

The Russian writer Anton Chekhov, who was born in 1860 and died in 1904, made

an enormous (1) to modern literature. His success was a remarkable, and came  

CONTRIBUTE

despite the fact  that Chekhov’s family lived in severe poverty for much of  (2)  

ACHIEVE

his (3). CHILD

Chekhov’s works have had a great influence on 20th century literature                      

in many ways, particularly in terms of  plot and narrative structure, and character (4) .          

DEVELOP

Even today, more than a hundred years after his (5) ,  DEAD

Chekhov’s stories are extremely popular all over the world.

The Opening Night

  The Phantom of the Opera, Cats, Mama Mia… They are all stage musicals. The opening night of a new musical is always a (1) event.      MARVEL

  After years of (2) and weeks of rehearsals the production has to be ready for the public and the critics.  PREPARE

 First nights usually start earlier than the regular (3) so that the critics can write their reviews in time to include them in the next morning’s newspapers.   PERFORM

 The critics are the most (4) people on the first night because their opinions will either help make the show a hit or force it to close.    FRIGHT

 The rest of the audience on the first night is usually made up of friends of the cast and famous celebrities. The celebrities attract newspaper (5) and help give the musical maximum publicity.   PHOTOGRAPH

 There will also be some angels there who will (6) be more nervous than the performers.  PROBABLE

 And then after the curtain has come down and the show is over, there’s the opening night party.   

Christmas (the origin)

(1) to a Roman almanac, the Christian festival of   ACCORD

Christmas (2)     in Rome by AD 336. During   CELEBRATE

the 4th century the (3) of Christ’s birth  on December 25 CELEBRATE

was (4) adopted by most Eastern churches.  GRADE

Nowadays  the (5) Orthodox Church celebrates Christmas I

n January 7.   RUSSIA

(6) like this holiday very much.  CHILD  

KEYS

Anton Chekhov

1 – CONTRIBUTION

2 – ACHIEVEMENT

3 – CHILDHOOD

4 – DEVELOPMENT

5 – DEATH

The Opening Night

1 – MAVERLOUS

2 – PREPARATION

3 – PERFORMANCES

4 – FRIGHTFUL

5 – PHOTOGRAPHERS

6 — PROBABLY

Christmas (the origin)

1 – ACCORDING

2 – CELEBRATIONS

3 – CELEBRATION

4 – GRADUALLY

5 – RUSSIAN

6 – CHILDREN

Преобразуйте слова данные в скобках таким образом, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.

LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES.

The question of (learn) languages is very (importance) today. Foreign languages (need) as the main and the (efficient) means of (inform) exchange between the people of our planet.

Today (England) is the language of the world. It is the language of (progress) (science) and technology, trade and (culture) (relate), commerce and business. It is also the major language of (diploma).

Hundreds and hundreds of books, magazines and newspapers (print) in English and (read) all over the world. Half of the world’s (science) literature (write) in English. English (speak) by more than 350 million people. (Geography), it is the (widespread) language on the earth, second only to (China) in the number of people who speak it.

It is the (office) language of the UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the USA, of Australia and New Zealand. English (use) as one of the (office) language of Canada, the Republic of South Africa and the (Ireland) Republic.

(Learn) English is important for me because I want (know) what is going on ground me in the world. Learning a foreign language you learn the (culture) and the (history) of the native (speak).

Russia is being integrated into the world (commune) and the problem of learning English for the purpose of (communicate) is (especial) urgent today. 

KEYS

LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES.

learning

important

Are needed

most efficient

information

English

progressive science

cultural relations

diplomacy

are printed

are read

scientific

is written

is spoken

Geographically

most widespread

Chinese

official

is used

official

learning

to know

culture

history

speakers

community

communication

especially

Преобразуйте слова данные в скобках таким образом, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.

YOUTH AND UNEMPLOYMENT

(Employ) is the condition of one who is capable of (work), (active) seeking work, but (able) to find it.

The problem of the youth (employ) is one of the (importance) ones. The number of the young people (look) for a job is increasing. In our country young people are looking for a job not only for the sake of (earn) money, but because they want to be (depend) from their parents. A job gives the young people a chance to adjust (they) to the real life of adults and stir their (ambit).

It’s possible for them to find a job only for a short period. They can be part-time (work), (season) (work), or casual (work). (Certain) to find a job for a student or a graduate is (easy) than foe a school-leaver. (Qualified) jobs can be good for pupils or students. But if you want to get a good job and reach (some) in this life you must continue (educate). I am going to enter the university.  

KEYS

YOUTH AND UNEMPLOYMENT

Unemployment

working

actively

unable

employment

most important

looking

earning

independent

them

ambitions

workers

seasonal workers

workers

certainly

easier

unqualified

something

education



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Word-building in Modern English



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  • Word-building in Modern English

    1 слайд

    Word-building in Modern English

  • By word-building are understood processes of producing new words from the res...

    2 слайд

    By word-building are understood processes of producing new words from the resources of this particular language. Together with borrowing, word-building provides for enlarging and enriching the vocabulary of the language.

  • Morpheme is the smallest recurrent unit of language directly related to mean...

    3 слайд

    Morpheme is the smallest recurrent unit of language directly related to meaning

  • All morphemes are subdivided into two large classes: roots (or radicals) and...

    4 слайд

    All morphemes are subdivided into two large classes: roots (or radicals) and affixes. The latter, in their turn, fall into prefixes which precede the root in the structure of the word (as in re-read, mispronounce, unwell) and suffixes which follow the root (as in teach-er, cur-able, diet-ate).

  • We can distinguish words due to a morphological structure

	Words which consi...

    5 слайд

    We can distinguish words due to a morphological structure

    Words which consist of a root are called root words:
    house, room, book, work, port, street, table, etc.

  • We can distinguish words due to a morphological structure
Words which consist...

    6 слайд

    We can distinguish words due to a morphological structure

    Words which consist of a root and an affix (or several affixes) are called derived words or derivatives and are produced by the process of word-building known as affixation (or derivation):
    re-read, mis-pronounce, un-well, teach-er.

  • We can distinguish words due to a morphological structure

A compound word is...

    7 слайд

    We can distinguish words due to a morphological structure

    A compound word is made when two words are joined to form a new word:
    dining-room, bluebell (колокольчик), mother-in-law, good-for-nothing(бездельник)

  • We can distinguish words due to a morphological structureСompound-derivatives...

    8 слайд

    We can distinguish words due to a morphological structure
    Сompound-derivatives are words in which the structural integrity of the two free stems is ensured by a suffix referring to the combination as a whole, not to one of its elements:
    kind-hearted, old-timer, schoolboyishness, teenager.

  • There are the following ways of word-building:Affixation
Composition
Conversi...

    9 слайд

    There are the following ways of word-building:
    Affixation
    Composition
    Conversion
    Shortening (Contraction)
    Non-productive types of word-building:
    A) Sound-Imitation
    B) Reduplication
    C) Back-Formation (Reversion)

  • Affixation 		

	The process of affixation consists in coining a new word by...

    10 слайд

    Affixation

    The process of affixation consists in coining a new word by adding an affix or several affixes to some root morpheme.

  • The role of the affix in this procedure is very important and therefore...

    11 слайд

    The role of the affix in this procedure is very important and therefore it is necessary to consider certain facts about the main types of affixes. From the etymological point of view affixes are classified into the same two large groups as words: native and borrowed.

  • Some Native Suffixes

  • Some Native Suffixes

  • Some Native Suffixes

  • An affix of foreign origin can be regarded as borrowed only after it has...

    15 слайд

    An affix of foreign origin can be regarded as borrowed only after it has begun an independent and active life in the recipient language and it is taking part in the word-making processes of that language. This can only occur when the total of words with this affix is so great in the recipient language as to affect the native speakers’ subconscious to the extent that they no longer realize its foreign flavour and accept it as their own.

  • By productive affixes we mean the ones, which take part in deriving new wor...

    16 слайд

    By productive affixes we mean the ones, which take part in deriving new words in this particular period of language development. The best way to identify productive affixes is to look for them among neologisms and so-called nonce-words.
    The adjectives thinnish (жидковатый) and baldish (лысоватый) bring to mind dozens of other adjectives made with the same suffix: oldish (староватый), youngish (моложавый), mannish (мужеподобная), girlish (женоподобный), longish (длинноватый), yellowish (желтоватый), etc.

    The same is well illustrated by the following popular statement: «/ don’t like Sunday evenings: I feel so Mondayish». (Чу́вствующий лень по́сле воскре́сного о́тдыха)

  • One should not confuse the productivity of affixes with their frequency of...

    17 слайд

    One should not confuse the productivity of affixes with their frequency of occurrence. There are quite a number of high-frequency affixes which, nevertheless, are no longer used in word-derivation

    e. g. the adjective-forming native suffixes -ful, -ly; the adjective-forming suffixes of Latin origin -ant, -ent, -al which are quite frequent

  • Some Productive Affixes 

  •   Some Non-Productive Affixes 

    19 слайд

    Some Non-Productive Affixes

  • Composition		


		Composition is a type of word-building, in which new words...

    20 слайд

    Composition

    Composition is a type of word-building, in which new words are produced by combining two or more stems

  • Compounds are not homogeneous in structure. Traditionally three types ar...

    21 слайд

    Compounds are not homogeneous in structure. Traditionally three types are distinguished:
    neutral
    morphological
    syntactic

  • Neutral                                 
		In neutral compounds the process...

    22 слайд

    Neutral

    In neutral compounds the process of compounding is realised without any linking elements, by a mere juxtaposition of two stems, as in
    blackbird(дрозд)
    shopwindow(витрина) sunflower(подсолнух) bedroom(спальня) etc.

  • There are three subtypes of neutral compounds depending on the structure of...

    23 слайд

    There are three subtypes of neutral compounds depending on the structure of the constituent stems.

    The examples: shopwindow(витрина), sunflower(подсолнух), bedroom(спальня) represent the subtype which may be described as simple neutral compounds: they consist of simple affixless stems.

  • Compounds which have affixes in their structure are called derived or de...

    24 слайд

    Compounds which have affixes in their structure are called derived or derivational compounds.

    E.g. blue-eyed(голубоглазый),
    broad-shouldered(широкоплечий)

  • The third subtype of neutral compounds is called contracted compounds. Thes...

    25 слайд

    The third subtype of neutral compounds is called contracted compounds. These words have a shortened (contracted) stem in their structure:
    V-day (день победы) (Victory day), G-man (агент ФБР) (Government man «FBI agent»), H-bag (сумочка) (handbag), T-shirt(футболка), etc.

  • Morphological		Morphological compounds are few in number. This type is non-...

    26 слайд

    Morphological

    Morphological compounds are few in number. This type is non-productive. It is represented by words in which two compounding stems are combined by a linking vowel or consonant:
    e. g. Anglo-Saxon, Franko-Prussian, handiwork(изделие ручной работы), statesman (политический деятель/политик)

  • Syntactic 
		These words are formed from segments of speech, preserving in...

    27 слайд

    Syntactic

    These words are formed from segments of speech, preserving in their structure numerous traces of syntagmatic relations typical of speech: articles, prepositions, adverbs.
    e.g. father-in-law, mother-in-law etc.

  • Conversion

		Conversion consists in making a new word from some existing wor...

    28 слайд

    Conversion

    Conversion consists in making a new word from some existing word by changing the category of a part of speech, the morphemic shape of the original word remaining unchanged.

  • It has also a new paradigm peculiar to its new category as a part of sp...

    29 слайд

    It has also a new paradigm peculiar to its new category as a part of speech. Conversion is a convenient and «easy» way of enriching the vocabulary with new words. The two categories of parts of speech especially affected by conversion are nouns and verbs.

  • Verbs made from nouns are the most numerous amongst the words produced b...

    30 слайд

    Verbs made from nouns are the most numerous amongst the words produced by conversion:
    e. g. to hand(передавать)
    to back(поддерживать)
    to face(стоять лицом к кому-либо)
    to eye(рассматривать)
    to nose(разнюхивать)
    to dog(выслеживать)

  • Nouns are frequently made from verbs: 
   	e.g. make(марка) 
			run(бег)...

    31 слайд

    Nouns are frequently made from verbs:
    e.g. make(марка)
    run(бег)
    find(находка)
    walk(прогулка)
    worry(тревога)
    show(демонстрация)
    move(движение)

  • Verbs can also be made from adjectives: 
		e. g. to pale(побледнеть)...

    32 слайд

    Verbs can also be made from adjectives:
    e. g. to pale(побледнеть)
    to yellow(желтеть)
    to cool(охлаждать)

    Other parts of speech are not entirely unsusceptible to conversion.

  • Shortening (Contraction)
		This comparatively new way of word-building has ac...

    33 слайд

    Shortening (Contraction)

    This comparatively new way of word-building has achieved a high degree of productivity nowadays, especially in American English.
    Shortenings (or contracted words) are produced in two different ways.

  • The first way		The first is to make a new word from a syllable (rarer, two) o...

    34 слайд

    The first way
    The first is to make a new word from a syllable (rarer, two) of the original word.
    The latter may lose its beginning (as in phone made from telephone, fence from defence), its ending (as in hols from holidays, vac from vacation, props from properties, ad from advertisement) or both the beginning and ending (as in flu from influenza, fridge from refrigerator)

  • The second way		The second way of shortening is to make a new word from the i...

    35 слайд

    The second way
    The second way of shortening is to make a new word from the initial letters of a word group:
    U.N.O. from the United Nations Organisation, B.B.C. from the British Broadcasting Corporation, M.P. from Member of Parliament. This type is called initial shortenings.

  • Both types of shortenings are characteristic of informal speech in general...

    36 слайд

    Both types of shortenings are characteristic of informal speech in general and of uncultivated speech particularly:
    E. g. Movie (from moving-picture), gent (from gentleman), specs (from spectacles), circs (from circumstances, e. g. under the circs), I. O. Y. (from I owe you), lib (from liberty), cert (from certainty), exhibish (from exhibition), posish (from position)

  • Non-productive types of word-buildingSound-Imitation
		Words coined by this i...

    37 слайд

    Non-productive types of word-building
    Sound-Imitation
    Words coined by this interesting type of word-building are made by imitating different kinds of sounds that may be produced by
    human beings: to whisper (шептать), to whistle (свистеть), to sneeze (чихать), to giggle (хихикать);

  • animals, birds, insects: to hiss (шипеть), to buzz (жужжать), to bark (лаять...

    38 слайд

    animals, birds, insects: to hiss (шипеть), to buzz (жужжать), to bark (лаять), to moo (мычать);
    inanimate objects: to boom (гудеть), to ding-dong (звенеть), to splash (брызгать);

  • Reduplication
		In reduplication new words are made by doubling a stem, eithe...

    39 слайд

    Reduplication
    In reduplication new words are made by doubling a stem, either without any phonetic changes as in bye-bye (coll, for good-bye)
    or with a variation of the root-vowel or consonant as in ping-pong, chit-chat (this second type is called gradational reduplication).

  • This type of word-building is greatly facilitated in Modern English by the...

    40 слайд

    This type of word-building is greatly facilitated in Modern English by the vast number of monosyllables. Stylistically speaking, most words made by reduplication represent informal groups: colloquialisms and slang. E. g. walkie-talkie («a portable radio»), riff-raff («the worthless or disreputable element of society»; «the dregs of society»), chi-chi (sl. for chic as in a chi-chi girl)

  • In a modern novel an angry father accuses his teenager son of doing noth...

    41 слайд

    In a modern novel an angry father accuses his teenager son of doing nothing but dilly-dallying all over the town. (dilly-dallying — wasting time, doing nothing)

  • Another example of a word made by reduplication may be found in the followi...

    42 слайд

    Another example of a word made by reduplication may be found in the following quotation from “The Importance of Being Earnest” by O. Wilde:
    Lady Bracknell: I think it is high time that Mr. Bunbury made up his mind whether he was going to live or to die. This shilly-shallying with the question is absurd. (shilly-shallying — irresolution, indecision)

  • Back-formation

		Forming the allegedly original stem from a supposed derivat...

    43 слайд

    Back-formation

    Forming the allegedly original stem from a supposed derivative on the analogy of the existing pairs, i. e. the singling-out of a stem from a word which is wrongly regarded as a derivative.

  • The earliest examples of this type of word-building are the verb to beg (по...

    44 слайд

    The earliest examples of this type of word-building are the verb to beg (попрошайничать) that was made from the French borrowing beggar (нищий, бедняк), to burgle (незаконно проникать в помещение) from burglar (вор-домушник).
    In all these cases the verb was made from the noun by subtracting what was mistakenly associated with the English suffix -er.

  • Later examples of back-formation are to blood-transfuse (делать перелива...

    45 слайд

    Later examples of back-formation are to blood-transfuse (делать переливание крови) from blood-transfuing, to force-land (совершать вынужденную посадку) from forced landing, to baby-sit (присматривать за ребенком) from baby-sitter.

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СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ (WORD-BUILDING)

В английском языке имеется несколько способов словообразования:

1) конверсия (образование новых слов без изменения их написания и произношения)

2) словосложение (образование нового слова путем сложения двух слов в одно)

3) изменение ударения в слове (и получение нового слова другой части речи).

4) аффиксация (прибавление к корню суффикса или префикса)

Конверсия. Словосложение. Изменение ударения.

Иногда слово может менять свое значение и выполнять новую синтаксическую функцию в предложении, не изменяя при этом написания и произношения (конверсия). Наиболее распространенным является образование глаголов от существительных: master (хозяин) — to master (управлять), house (дом) — to house (размещать), water (вода) — to water (поливать). Но глаголы могут быть образованы и от прилагательных: empty (пустой) — to empty (опустошать) white (белый) — to white (белить).

Словосложение — это объединение полнозначных слов или их основ в сложное слово. Вновь образованное сложное слово пишется слитно или через дефис: airfield — аэродром (air — воздух, field — поле), air-base — авиабаза (air — воздух, base — база), airman — авиатор (air — воздух, man — мужчина), schoolday — школьный день (school — школа, day — день), birthplace — место рождения (birth — рождение, place — место).

Сложные слова могут состоять из двух существительных, первое из которых приобретает значение прилагательного. В этом случае слова пишутся отдельно. Например: service dress — форменная одежда, одежда для службы (service — служба, dress — платье), shop window — витрина (shop — магазин, window — окно), skim milk — снятое молоко (to skim — снимать (накипь и т.д.), milk — молоко).

Многие существительные совпадают по форме с глаголами, но отличаются ударением. Как правило, в существительных ударение падает на первый слог, а в соответствующих глаголах — на второй: export (экспорт) — to export (экспортировать) present (подарок) — to present (дарить).

Словообразование с помощью аффиксации.

Образование новых слов может происходить при помощи присоединения к основе слова суффиксов или префиксов (приставок). Префиксы присоединяются к корню слова в начале, а суффиксы — в конце. Слова, образованные с помощью префиксов или суффиксов, в отличие от простых слов, называются производными.

Префиксы, как и суффиксы, могут присоединяться к различным частям речи, изменяя при этом значение основы слова, например: happy (счастливый) — unhappy (несчастный) — happiness (счастье) — happily (счастливо); help (помощь) — helper (помощник) — helpful (полезный) — helpless (беспомощный).

Наиболее употребительные приставки (префиксы) и их значения:

1. Префикс со значением “снова”, “заново”, “вновь”, “пере”:

re-      

to construct (строить) — to reconstruct (перестроить), to read (читать) — to reread (перечитать), to write (писать) — to rewrite (переписать)

2. Префиксы, которые придают слову противоположное значение или обозначают противоположное действие:

un-       dis-       de-       anti-     counter-

contra-      

to dress (одеваться) — to undress (раздеваться), to tie (связывать) — to untie (развязывать) 

to appear (появляться) — to disappear (исчезать)

formation (формирование) — deformation (деформация)

fascist (фашист) — anti-fascist (антифашист)

attack (атака) — counterattack (контратака)

to  contradict (противоречить, возражать)

3. Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение:

a-

ab-

un-        

im-        in-        

ir-         il-    dis-       mis-      non-    

amoral (аморальный, безнравственный)

absent (отсутствующий),  abnormal (ненормальный)

kind (добрый) — unkind (недобрый)

possible (возможный) — impossible (невозможный)

ability (способность) — inability (неспособность)

regular (регулярный) — irregular (нерегулярный) 

legal (легальный) — illegal (нелегальный) 

honest (честный) — dishonest (нечестный),

to understand (понимать) — to misunderstand (неправильно понять)

interference (вмешательство) — non-interference (невмешательство)

! NOTE !

Приставка, которая начинается на “i” изменяется в зависимости от того, какая за ней стоит буква: il + l, ir + r, im + b, m, p.

4. Префиксы, имеющие значение “сверх”, “пере”, “чрезмерно”:

over- super-  ultra-

extra-  

to pay (платить) — to overpay (переплатить)

human (человеческий) — superhuman (сверхчеловеческий) 

short (короткий) — ultra-short (ультракороткий)

extraordinary (необычный)

5.        Префиксы со значением “между”, “взаимно”:

со-      

inter-  

existence (существование) — co-existence (сосуществование)

national (национальный) — international (интернациональный)

6.        Префиксы, которые переводятся как

а)        “перед”:

рге-

fore-    

war (война) — pre-war (довоенный), historic (исторический) — prehistoric (доисторический)

to foresee (предвидеть)

б)        “после”:

post-    

war (война,) — post-war (послевоенный), revolutionary (революционный) — post-revolutionary (послереволюционный)

в)        “недостаточно”, “недо-“:

under-

to pay (платить) — to underpay (оплачивать низко, т.е. недостаточно оплачивать, недоплачивать), production (производство)  —  underproduction (недопроизводство)

г)        “под”:

sub-      

division (разделение) — subdivision (подразделение), committee (комиссия, комитет) —   subcommittee (подкомиссия)

д)        “экс”, “бывший”:

ex-      

champion (чемпион) — ex-champion (бывший чемпион)

е)        само-, авто-

auto-

autobiography (автобиография), automatic (автоматический) 

ж)        полу-

semi-

semifinal (полуфинал), semicircle (полукруг)

з)        через-, транс-

trans-

transatlantic (трансатлантический)

и)        вверх, кверху, наверху

up-

upstairs (вверх по лестнице), upside (верхняя часть), to uproot (вырывать с корнем)

к)        двойной, два, дважды

bi-

bilingual (двуязычный), bi-monthly (выходящий два раза в месяц)

л)        имеющий дело с книгами

bibli(o)-

bibliography (библиография)

м)        относящийся к жизни

bio-

biography (биография)

н)        второстепенное значение

by-

by-street (переулок, улочка)

о)        много-, мульти-, поли-

multi-

poly-

multicolored (многоцветный), multimillionaire (мультимиллионер)

polyglot (полиглот), polytechnic (политехнический)

п)        второстепенное значение

by-

by-street (переулок, улочка)

7. Префикс глагола, имеющий значение “делать”:

en-      

large (большой) — to enlarge (увеличивать, делать больше), danger (опасность) — to endanger (подвергать опасности), force (сила) — to enforce (принуждать, настаивать)

Основные суффиксы существительных:

1. Суффиксы, обозначающие принадлежность к

а)        политическому направлению профессии или нации:

-ist  

-an, -ian          

Communist (коммунист), Marxist (марксист}, materialist (материалист); 

artist (художник), typist (машинистка), pianist (пианист), historian (историк), librarian (библиотекарь), musician (музыкант); Russian (русский), Bulgarian (болгарин)

2. Суффикс, обозначающий учение, теорию, качество:

-ism      

marxism (марксизм), heroism (героизм)

3. Суффиксы, обозначающие действующее лицо, его занятие или должность:

-ег, -or

-ee, -eer        

to teach (учить) — teacher (учитель), to direct (руководить) — director (руководитель)

employee (служащий), refugee (беженец, эмигрант), auctioneer (аукционер), 

 4.        Суффикс, обозначающий результат действия:

-ment

-ade

achievement (достижение), agreement (согласие), government (правительство)

lemonade (лимонад), blockade (блокада)

5.        Суффиксы, обозначающие

а)        состояние:

-hood

-ship

-cy, -acy

brotherhood (братство), childhood (детство), manhood (мужественность)

dictatorship (диктатура), friendship (дружба), leadership (руководство)

accuracy (точность), infancy (младенчество), supremacy (превосходство)

б)        действие, состояние:

-age      

-ing    

-ence    

-ance  

-ion, -tion    

-ition, -ation

-sion    

-al  

shortage (нехватка), marriage (брак, супружество), voyage (путешествие) 

hunting (охота),  crossing (пересечение,  перекресток),  living (житье) 

silence (молчание), difference (различие)

importance (важность), resistance (сопротивление)

collection (собрание, коллекция), dictation (диктант, диктовка)

competition (соревнование), hesitation (сомнение, колебание)

decision (решение) 

removal ( удаление), arrival (прибытие), refusal (отказ), approval (одобрение) 

в) качество или состояние:

-dom  

-ness  

-ty            

freedom (свобода), kingdom (королевство), wisdom (мудрость) 

coldness (холод),  darkness  (темнота),  kindness (доброта), weakness (слабость) 

activity (активность), safety (безопасность)

г) место действия, занятие или состояние

-ery

bakery (булочная), surgery (кабинет хирурга), cookery (кулинария), slavery (рабство)

д) род занятий, отрасль науки

-ics

physics (физика), politics (политика)

Основные суффиксы прилагательных:

1.        Суффикс, образующий прилагательные от существительных и обозначающий национальную принадлежность или слабую степень качества:

-ese

-ish

Chinese (китаец, китайский), Japanese (японец, японский)

Pole (поляк) — Polish (польский), Scott (шотландец) — Scottish (шотландский)

red (красный) — reddish (красноватый), child (ребенок) — childish (ребячливый, детский)

2.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от глаголов и обозначающие наличие качества:

-ive

-ent

-ant      

to act (действовать) — active (активный), to talk (разговаривать) – talkative (разговорчивый) 

to differ (различать) — different (различный), to insist (настаивать) — insistent (настойчивый) to observe (наблюдать, замечать) — observant (наблюдательный, внимательный)

3.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от существительных
и обозначающие
наличие качества, свойства:

-ic    

-al

-ful

-ous  

-у                        

base (основа) — basic (основной), economy (экономика) — economic (экономический)

centre (центр) — central (центральный)

culture (культура) — cultural (культурный), beauty (красота) — beautiful (красивый)

peace (мир) — peaceful (мирный), fame (слава) — famous (знаменитый)

cloud (облако) — cloudy (облачный), sun (солнце) — sunny (солнечный)

4.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от различных частей
речи и обозначающие

а)        качество, свойство:

-аrу

-огу          

element (элемент) — elementary (элементарный)

illusion (иллюзия) — illusory (обманчивый, иллюзорный)

б)        способность что-либо сделать, состояние, качество:

-able  

— ible        

to change (изменить) — changeable (изменчивый)

to eat (есть) — eatable (съедобный), reason (разум) — reasonable (разумный)

в)        отсутствие качества:

-less

useless (бесполезный), windless (безветренный)

Основные суффиксы глаголов:

-ate

-en      

-fy, -ify

-ize, -ise

active (активный) — to activate (активизировать)

short (короткий) — to shorten (укоротить)

pure (чистый) — to purify (очищать), simple (простой) — to simplify (упрощать)

character (характер) — to characterize (характеризовать)

Основные суффиксы наречий

Суффиксы, образующие наречия от

а) прилагательных, иногда — существительных, порядковых числительных и причастий:

-ly        

bad (плохой) — badly (плохо), part (часть) — partly (частично), first (первый) — firstly (во-первых)

б) существительных и наречий и обозначающие направление (или направленность):

-wards

-ward      

North (север) — northward(s) (к северу, на север), after (после) — afterwards (впоследствии, позже, потом), back (обратно, назад) — backward(s) (назад, в обратном направлении)

home (дом, домой) — homeward (к дому, по направлению к дому)

NOTE! В английском языке большое место занимают слова, заимствованные из других языков. Такие слова называются интернациональными. По корню этих слов легко догадаться об их значении. Например: telegram (телеграмма), orchestra (оркестр), concert (концерт) и др. Умение подмечать интернациональные слова в значительной степени облегчает работу по переводу текста.

WORD-BUILDING (exercises)

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие слова, выделите в них суффиксы и префиксы:

Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, decompose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, reconstruct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.

Ex. 2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова. Переведите их:

Achievement — achieve, resistance — resistant, assistance — assist — assistant, celebration — celebrate, difference — different, city — citizen, nation — national — nationality, measure — measurement, develop — development, act — active — activity, contain — container, discover — discovery — discoverer, literature — literary, graduate — graduation — undergraduate — post-graduate, educate — education, progress — progressive, act — action — activity — active, govern — governor — government.

Ex. З. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ег или -or. Переведите на русский язык:

To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.

Ex. 4. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффикса -ist, -ism, -ian. Переведите на русский язык:

Special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic, mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India.

Ex. 5. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ment. Переведите на русский язык:

Develop, achieve, move, arrange, treat, state, improve, agree, equip, govern, require, measure, announce, pave.

Ex. 6. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -ful и -less, переведите их на русский язык:

Beauty, thank, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.

Ex. 7. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -able, -ible, переведите их на русский язык:

Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect.

Ex. 8. Найдите и выделите суффиксы в данных словах и определите, к какой части речи эти слова относятся:

British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experiment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, fundamental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attractive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom.

Ex. 9. Образуйте глаголы с помощью суффикса -en:

Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp, strength.

Ex. 10. Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса -1у и переведите их:

Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.

Ex. 11. Образуйте глаголы от данных существительных. Переведите их:

Turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, stay, step, stop, study, talk, visit, rest, air, paper, cover, handle, cause, watch, act, address, answer, brush, clean, cross, crowd, wave, wish, work, dance, doubt, dress, end, fight, help, hope, joke, laugh, lift, light, love, mind, paper, pencil, place, plan, play, post, reply, report, return, sail, show.

Ex. 12. Переведите на русский язык. Выделите словообразующие элементы. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова:

React, reaction, reactor, reactivity; science, scientific, scientist; industry, industrial, industrious; cold, coldly, coldness; dark, darkness, darken; happy, happily, happiness, unhappy; equal, equally, unequal, equality; free, freedom, freely; attention, attentive, attentively; sun, sunny, sunless; care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessness; to differ, different, difference, indifferent; England, English, Englishman; fame, famous.

Ex. 13. Переведите следующие сложные слова:

Airport, armchair, bathroom, bedroom, bookcase, bookshelf, classroom, custom-house, dining-room, drawing-room, fireplace, folksong, gentleman, hairbrush, icebox, newspaper, notebook, postcard, post-office, raincoat, sportsman, sunshine, writing-table.

Ex. 14. Прочтите следующие пары слов, соблюдая ударения. Переведите их:

An accent — to accent, a contract — to contract, a content — to content, a contest — to contest, a convoy — to convoy, a convict — to convict, a perfect — to perfect, a record — to record.

Ex. 15. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова:

1. Не works as a teacher. 2. I saw one of his works at the exhibition. 3. I was waiting for your report. 4. They report the results of their experiment every Monday. 5. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment. 6. You’ll make progress if you work hard. 7. He thought about his new work. 8. I have a present for you. 9. I am busy at present. 10. He presented me with a book.

Ex. 16. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов. Определите части речи. Дайте начальную форму. Переведите слова:

Powerful, inventor, high-quality, network, demoralize, profitable, dislike, disagree, movement, shorten, incorrect, electricity, fruitful, fruitless, happiness, dangerous, noisy, sunny, rainy, badly, strongly, reading, teaching, rebuild, retell, leader, teacher, unhappy, unusual, translation, cooperation, schoolboy, icebreaker.

Ex. 17. Напишите сложные существительные, исходя из объяснений.

Например: A machine for drying hair – hair drier.

1. A thing for opening tins — … . 2. A machine for playing records — … . 3. A machine for mixing food — … . 4. A thing that times eggs (when they are boiling) — … . 5. Things for warming people’s legs — … . 6. Stuff that kills flies — … . 7. A liquid that removes paint — … . 8. A tool that opens bottles — … . 9. A thing for peeling potatoes — … . 10. A liquid for removing eye makeup — … . 11. Stuff for freshening the air — … .

Ex. 18. Напишите  словосочетания по модели число+ существительное+существительное (! не забывайте что число и первое существительное соединяется дефисом и что это существительное обычно стоит в единственном числе)

Например: a walk lasting for three miles – a three-mile walk.

1. A girl who has just celebrated her sixteenth birthday — … . 2. A flight lasting for ten hours — … . 3. A note that is worth twenty pounds — … . 4. A language course that lasts four weeks — … . 5. A drive that takes three hours — … .  6. A meal that consists of three courses — … . 7. A holiday that lasts two weeks — … . 8. A delay at the airport that went on for two hours — … . 9. A letter that goes on for ten pages — … . 10. A university course that takes three years — … . 11. A prison sentence of ten years — … . 12. A hotel with five stars — … . 13. A speed limit of 30 miles an hour — … . 14. A house that was built two hundred years ago — … .

Ex. 19. Распределите прилагательные по трем группам: 1) люди, 2) места, 3) вещи:

Obstinate, unspoilt, hand-made, waterproof, easy-going, breathtaking, aggressive, deserted, overgrown, overcrowded, cunning, picturesque, arrogant, long-lasting, spoilt, automatic, accurate, artificial.

Ex. 20. Выберите слово с нужным по смыслу префиксом  или суффиксом.

1. I know Jim Kerry is very popular but I find him totally childish / childlike. 2. I couldn’t work out whom the letter was from. The signature was childish / childlike. 3. Sarah is so childish / childlike. She always plays trick on her friends. 4. It was wonderful to watch the tiny lambs playing. I got such childish / childlike pleasure from the experience. 5. Sophie is extremely sensitive / sensible at the moment. Anything you say seems to upset her. 6. Karen is not a very sensitive / sensible person. She wore high-heeled shoes for our four-mile walk. 7. I’ve never known her to tell a lie. She’s a very true / truthful person. 8. I can never watch sad films that are based on true / truthful a story. They always make me cry. 9. Susan is so intolerable / intolerant of other people. She never accepts anyone else’s opinion, and she always thinks she knows best. 10. I find Mark’s behaviour intolerable / intolerant. It’s unfair to be so selfish. 11. We’re having an economic / economical crisis at the moment. James has lost his job and I don’t know how we are going to pay the rent. 12. It’s more economic  / economical to drive slowly. You can do a lot more miles to the gallop.

Ex. 21. Подберите к каждой тройке слов такое, чтобы с его помощью образовать составные существительные, используйте слова: board, green, paper, book, birthday, blood, rain, site, road, sports, ice, water, day, night, hand, case, sun, bag.

Например: camp…, building…, bomb… – campsite, building site, bomb-site.

1. …test, …pressure, …donor. 2. …fall, …melon, …skiing. 3. …house, …grocer, …salad. 4. …club, …mare, …shift. 5. brief…, suit…, book… . 6. paper…, plastic…, shoulder… . 7. …bow, …coat, …drop. 8. …shine, …rise, …set. 9. …works, …sign, …rage. 10. black…, floor…, notice… . 11. …light, …break, …dream. 12. …shake, …writing, …book. 13. …cube, …berg, …rink. 14. …cake, …present, …card. 15. …scape, …lady, …slide. 16. …car, …center, …ground. 17. address…, visitor’s…, note… .

Ex. 22. Дополните предложения сложными существительными в скобках (это могут быть и составные существительные, и существительные в притяжательном падеже в простой или аналитической форме).

1. Your coat is on the … (back, chair). 2. You’ve just spilt the … (milk, cat). 3. Can you buy some … (paper, toilet). 4. I never listened to my … (advise, parents). 5. Can you buy a … (wine, bottle) to have with supper? 6. What did that … (road, sigh) say? Did you see it? 7. It’s such a mess in here. There are empty … (wine, bottles) everywhere. 8. The … (Prime Minister, duties) include entertaining heads of the state. 9. The … (my shoe, heel) has come off. 10. Can I borrow your … (brush, hair)? 11. What happened at the … (film, end)? 12. Here is … (today, news). 13. Where is the nearest … (Metro, station)? 14. It’s my … (anniversary, parents, wedding) next week. 15. The … (company, success) is due to its efficiency. 16. I’ve got a … (fortnight, holiday) next month. 17. The … (government, economic policy) is confusing. 18. My children go to the local … (school, state). 19. The annual … (rate, inflation) is about 4 percent. 20. Are there any … (coffee, cups) in your bedroom? There are none in the kitchen. 21. Do you want a … (coffee, cup)?

Ex. 22. Заполните пропуски глаголом или существительным: advice – to advise, use – to use, abuse – to abuse, belief – to believe, relief – to relieve, grief – grieve, excuse – to excuse, breath – to breathe, half – to halve, house – to house, safe – to save, bath – to bathe.

1. It is my personal … that this man is innocent. 2. Let me listen to your chest. Take a deep … and say “Ah”. 3. You should put your valuables in the … .  4. Drug … is a terrible problem all over the world. 5. I know it isn’t good for my skin, but I love sun … . 6. I’ve been so worried about you! It’s such a … to see you at last! 7. “What are we going to do with this cake?” “Cut it in two. You take … and I’ll take … .” 8. Can you show me how to … this new coffee machine? 9. The refugees are … in temporary accommodation. 10. She apologizes for her behavior, and said it was because she’d had a busy day, but that’s no … for breaking all the plates. 11. People need time to … after the death of someone they love. 12. Take my … . Never marry for money. Marry for love.

Ex. 22. Напишите слово противоположное по значению, используя префикс

Kind, honest, credible, appear, fair, equal, pleased, continue, fasten, normal, employed, friendly, trust, professional, known, cover, safe, use, probable, important, emotional.

WORD-BUILDING (Test)

1. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова. Переведите их:

Beautiful, function, artist, musician, heartless, economic, worker, badly, act, action, active, basic, fruitless, population, movement, historic, democratic, work, daily, literature, picture, organization, friendship, highly, leader, fight, fighter, national, impressive, hopeful, hopeless, beautiful, special, specialist, define, definition, humanism, humanist, humanistic, use, useful, useless.

2. Переведите слова на русский язык. Определите префикс и его значение:

Coauthor, undress, disarm, postwar, illegal, unkind, reconstruct, deformation, prewar, antibody, ex-champion, superhuman, ultrashort.

3. Образуйте прилагательные от существительных при  помощи следующих  суффиксов: -al, -ful, -ous, -у,  -able, -ible, -ic, -less, -ish. Переведите пары слов.

Reason, beauty, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, desire, boy, success, heart, experiment, form, office, danger, fame, electron, base, nature, cloud, sun, child, Scott, history, home.

4. Переведите предложения. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова. Назовите сложные слова:

1. Many pupils study English. 2. My grandfather has a large study. 3. Who ruled this country? 4. All sportsmen must obey the rules of the game. 5. The Soviet Union is tied by friendship with India in their work for peace. 6. All peace-loving people work for peace for the whole of mankind.

5. Назовите глаголы, от которых образованы следующие существительные:

Protection, show, writer, worker, movement, investigation, achievement, statement, reader, department, equipment, construction, organization, reporter, arrival, improvement, conductor, establishment, development, education, definition, regulation, assistance, agreement.

6. Переведите без словаря. Определите, к какой части речи относятся слова:

a) Specialist, institute, university, culture, central, national, nation, international, organization, Soviet, minister, nature, natural, traditional, progressive, moral, social, socialist, public, programmer, popular, modern, revolution, revolutionary, final, talent, continent, festival, political, experiment, experimentation, electricity, technical, transformation, system, systematically, practice, practical, seminar, lecture, lecturer, period, historic, history, professor, complex, form, acceleration, instrument, philosopher, idea, basic, fundamental, conceptions, mass, class, element, motor, method, problem, energy, radio, text, material, temperature, progress, television.

b) 1. France and England are European countries. 2. In the evening we like to listen to classical music. 3. We saw a comedy at the Drama Theatre last night. 4. Your train leaves from platform two. 5. This jazz orchestra gave several concerts in our town. 6. In 1610 Galileo constructed the first telescope in the world. 7. This was a dangerous experiment.

7. Проанализируйте следующие слова, какие они? Определите их составляющие. Переведите на русский язык:

Ice-hockey, world-wide, bedroom, newspaper, long-term, birthplace, sportsman, apple-pie, peace-loving, schoolchildren, football, highland, television, underground, north-west, sometimes, lowland, landscape, well-known, multinational, network, vice-president.

8. Поставьте слово, указанное в скобках, в нужную форму.

1. My father is very … (act) even though he’s seventy. 2. I’ve always wanted to work in the theatre, but … (act) it isn’t a very secure profession. 3. I … (hope), we’ll soon find a solution to the problem. 4. Look … (care) to the left and to the right before crossing the road. 5. It was very … (care) of you to lose my watch. 6. I take two … (day) newspapers and three Sunday papers. 7. You’ve broken my camera! Look at it! It’s … (use)! 8. Thanks for the advice. It was really … (use). 9. I have some very … (noise) neighbours. 10. She became … (fame) as a result of her invention.

6 Выполните задания:

a)
проанализируйте модели образования
слов, прочтите и переведите слова и
словосочетания, созданные на их

основе.

Модель 1

Основа
прилагательного +
(
i)
ty
существительное

regular

регулярный

regularity

регулярность

human

человеческий

humanity

intense

напряженный

intensity

individual

индивидуальный

individuality

dense

густой,
плотный

densily

formal

формальный

formality

loyal

верный,
лояльный

loyality

mental

умственный

mantality

local

местный

locality

possible

возможный

pssibility

Модель 2

Основа
глагола + ive
→прилагательное

to
attract

привлекать

attractive

привлекательный

to
compare

сравнивать

comparative

to
restrict

сокращать

restrictive

to
talk

разговаривать

talkative

to
collect

собирать

collective

to
creat

создавать

Creative

to
decorate

украшать

decorative

to
discribe

описывать

discriptive

to
impress

производить
впечатление

impressive

Модель
3

Основа
существительного + al

прилагательное

centre

Центр

central

cultural

центральный

culture

Культура

post

Почта

postal

logic

Логика

logical

industry

Промышленность

undustrial

b)
переведите словосочетания:

Intensity
of
traffic

Local
train

Industrial
centre

Discriptive
geometry

Restrictive
measures

Attractive
person

Density
of population

Cultural
life

Impressive
view

Rare
possibility

to
decide Решать
decisive influence

to
exclude Исключать exclusive material

orbit
Орбита orbital laboratory

stable
Устойчивый industrial stability

inconvertible
Необратимый inconvertibility of processes

to
add Добавлять additional measures

season
Сезон seasonal work

Grammar review

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Тренировочные упражнения по английскому языку, раздел «Словообразование» для учащихся 9-11 классов.

WORD-BUILDING (exercises)

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие слова, выделите в них суффиксы и префиксы:

Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, de­ compose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, re­construct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.

Ex. 2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова. Переведите их:

Achievement — achieve, resistance — resistant, assistance — assist — assistant, celebration — celebrate, difference — different, city — citizen, na­tion — national — nationality, measure — measurement, develop — develop­ment, act — active — activity, contain — container, discover — discovery — dis­coverer, literature — literary, graduate — graduation — undergraduate — post-graduate, educate — education, progress — progressive, act — action — activity — active, govern — governor — government.

Ex. З. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с по­мощью суффикса -ег или or. Переведите на русский язык:

To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.

Ex. 4. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффикса ist, —ism, —ian. Переведите на русский язык:

Special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic, ma­thematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, In­dia.

are, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.

Ex. 5. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса ment. Переведите на русский язык:

Develop, achieve, move, arrange, treat, state, improve, agree, equip, govern, require, measure, announce, pave,amuse,argue,advertise,invest.

Ex. 6. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов ful и less, переведите их на русский язык:

Beauty, thank, hope, doubt, c

Ex. 7. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов able, —ible, переведите их на русский язык:

Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect,fashion,flex.

Ex. 8. Найдите и выделите суффиксы в данных словах и определите, к ка­ кой части речи эти слова относятся:

British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experi­ment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, funda­mental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attrac­tive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom.

Ex. 9. Образуйте глаголы с помощью суффикса en:

Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp,

Strong, long.

Ex. 10. Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса -1у и переведи­те их:

Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.

Ex. 11. Образуйте глаголы от данных существительных. Переве­ дите их:

Turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, stay, step, stop, study, talk, visit, rest, air, paper, cover, handle, cause, watch, act, address, answer, brush, clean, cross, crowd, wave, wish, work, dance, doubt, dress, end, fight, help, hope, joke, laugh, lift, light, love, mind, paper, pencil, place, plan, play, post, re­ply, report, return, sail, show.

Ex. 12. Переведите на русский язык. Выделите словообразу­ ющие элементы. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова:

React, reaction, reactor, reactivity; science, scientific, scientist; indust­ry, industrial, industrious; cold, coldly, coldness; dark, darkness, darken; happy, happily, happiness, unhappy; equal, equally, unequal, equality; free, freedom, freely; attention, attentive, attentively; sun, sunny, sunless; care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessness; to differ, different, difference, indifferent; England, English, Englishman; poison,poisonous,extreme,extremely,extremity,extremist,friend,friendship,friendly,unfriendly.

Ex. 13. Переведите следующие сложные слова:

Aircraft,airspace,Air Force , summer-resort,rest-house, custom-house, dining-room,dining car,living-room , fireplace, nightlife,newsagent,sunglasses,popstar,snowboarding,bungee jumping,

earthquake,greenhouse,laptop,software,science-fiction,solar system,so-called, haircut , hairbrush, icebox, newspaper, notebook,rain forest ,lifetime , raincoat, sportsman, sunshine,sunrise,sunset,sunflower,body-piercing.

Ex. 14. Прочтите следующие пары слов, соблюдая ударения. Переведите их:

An accent — to accent, a contract — to contract, a content — to content, a contest — to contest,an increase-to increase, a convict — to convict, a perfect — to perfect, a record — to record,refuse-to refuse,a refugee-to refuge.

Ex. 15. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделен­ные слова:

1. Не works as a teacher. 2. I saw one of his works at the exhibition. 3. I was waiting for your report. 4. They report the results of their experi­ment every Monday. 5. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment. 6. You’ll make progress if you work hard. 7. He thought about his new work. 8. I have a present for you. 9. I am busy at pre­ sent. 10. He presented me with a book.

Ex. 16. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов. Определите части речи. Дайте начальную форму. Переведите слова:

Powerful, inventor, high-quality, network, demoralize, profitable, dis­like, disagree, movement, shorten, incorrect, electricity, fruitful, fruitless, happiness, dangerous, noisy, sunny, rainy, badly, strongly, reading, teach­ing, rebuild, retell, leader, teacher, unhappy, unusual, translation, coopera­tion, schoolboy, icebreaker.

Ex. 17. Напишите сложные существительные, исходя из объяснений.

Например: A machine for drying hair – hair drier.

1. A thing for opening tins — … . 2. A machine for playing records — … . 3. A machine for mixing food — … . 4. A thing that times eggs (when they are boiling) — … . 5. Things for warming people’s legs — … . 6. Stuff that kills flies — … . 7. A liquid that removes paint — … . 8. A tool that opens bottles — … . 9. A thing for peeling potatoes — … . 10. A liquid for removing eye makeup — … . 11. Stuff for freshening the air — … .

Ex. 18. Распределите прилагательные по трем группам: 1) люди, 2) места, 3) вещи:

Obstinate, unspoilt, hand-made, waterproof, easy-going, breathtaking, aggressive, deserted, overgrown, overcrowded, cunning, picturesque, arrogant, long-lasting, spoilt, automatic, accurate, artificial.

Ex. 19Выберите слово с нужным по смыслу префиксом или суффиксом.

1. I know Jim Kerry is very popular but I find him totally childish / childlike. 2. I couldn’t work out whom the letter was from. The signature was childish / childlike. 3. Sarah is so childish / childlike. She always plays trick on her friends. 4. It was wonderful to watch the tiny lambs playing. I got such childish / childlike pleasure from the experience. 5. Sophie is extremely sensitive / sensible at the moment. Anything you say seems to upset her. 6. Karen is not a very sensitive / sensible person. She wore high-heeled shoes for our four-mile walk. 7. I’ve never known her to tell a lie. She’s a very true / truthful person. 8. I can never watch sad films that are based on true / truthful a story. They always make me cry. 9. Susan is so intolerable / intolerant of other people. She never accepts anyone else’s opinion, and she always thinks she knows best. 10. I find Mark’s behaviour intolerable / intolerant. It’s unfair to be so selfish. 11. We’re having an economic / economical crisis at the moment. James has lost his job and I don’t know how we are going to pay the rent. 12. It’s more economic / economical to drive slowly. You can do a lot more miles to the gallop.

Ex.19 Подберите к каждой тройке слов такое, чтобы с его помощью образовать составные существительные, используйте слова: board, green, paper, book, birthday, blood, rain, site, road, sports, ice, water, day, night, hand, case, sun, bag.

Например: camp…, building…, bomb… – campsite, building site, bomb-site.

1. …test, …pressure, …donor. 2. …fall, …melon, …skiing. 3. …house, …grocer, …salad. 4. …club, …mare, …shift. 5. brief…, suit…, book… . 6. paper…, plastic…, shoulder… . 7. …bow, …coat, …drop. 8. …shine, …rise, …set. 9. …works, …sign, …rage. 10. black…, floor…, notice… . 11. …light, …break, …dream. 12. …shake, …writing, …book. 13. …cube, …berg, …rink. 14. …cake, …present, …card. 15. …scape, …lady, …slide. 16. …car, …center, …ground. 17. address…, visitor’s…, note… .

Ex. 20Дополните предложения сложными существительными в скобках (это могут быть и составные существительные, и существительные в притяжательном падеже в простой или аналитической форме).

1. Your coat is on the … (back, chair). 2. You’ve just spilt the … (milk, cat). 3. Can you buy some … (paper, toilet). 4. I never listened to my … (advise, parents). 5. Can you buy a … (wine, bottle) to have with supper? 6. What did that … (road, sigh) say? Did you see it? 7. It’s such a mess in here. There are empty … (wine, bottles) everywhere. 8. The … (Prime Minister, duties) include entertaining heads of the state. 9. The … (my shoe, heel) has come off. 10. Can I borrow your … (brush, hair)? 11. What happened at the … (film, end)? 12. Here is … (today, news). 13. Where is the nearest … (Metro, station)? 14. It’s my … (anniversary, parents, wedding) next week. 15. The … (company, success) is due to its efficiency. 16. I’ve got a … (fortnight, holiday) next month. 17. The … (government, economic policy) is confusing. 18. My children go to the local … (school, state). 19. The annual … (rate, inflation) is about 4 percent. 20. Are there any … (coffee, cups) in your bedroom? There are none in the kitchen. 21. Do you want a … (coffee, cup)?

Ex.21. Заполните пропуски глаголом или существительным: advice – to advise, use – to use, abuse – to abuse, belief – to believe, relief – to relieve, grief – grieve, excuse – to excuse, breath – to breathe, half – to halve, house – to house, safe – to save, bath – to bathe.

1. It is my personal … that this man is innocent. 2. Let me listen to your chest. Take a deep … and say “Ah”. 3. You should put your valuables in the … . 4. Drug … is a terrible problem all over the world. 5. I know it isn’t good for my skin, but I love sun … . 6. I’ve been so worried about you! It’s such a … to see you at last! 7. “What are we going to do with this cake?” “Cut it in two. You take … and I’ll take … .” 8. Can you show me how to … this new coffee machine? 9. The refugees are … in temporary accommodation. 10. She apologizes for her behavior, and said it was because she’d had a busy day, but that’s no … for breaking all the plates. 11. People need time to … after the death of someone they love. 12. Take my … . Never marry for money. Marry for love.

Ex. 22. Напишите слово противоположное по значению, используя префикс

Kind, honest, credible, appear, fair, equal, pleased, continue, fasten, normal, employed, friendly, trust, professional, known, cover, safe, use, probable, important, emotional.

WORD-BUILDING (Test)

1. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова. Переведите их:

Beautiful, function, artist, musician, heartless, economic, worker, badly, act, action, active, basic, fruitless, population, movement, historic, democratic, work, daily, literature, pic­ture, organization, friendship, highly, leader, fight, fighter, national, im­pressive, hopeful, hopeless, beautiful, special, specialist, define, definition, humanism, humanist, humanistic, use, useful, useless.

2. Переведите слова на русский язык. Определите префикс и его значение:

Coauthor, undress, disarm, postwar, illegal, unkind, reconstruct, defor­mation, prewar,antihero , ex-champion, superhuman,disagreement,

3. Образуйте прилагательные от существительных при помощи следующих суффиксов: al, —ful, —ous, -у, —able, —ible, —ic, —less, —ish. Переведите пары слов.

Reason, beauty, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, desire, boy, success, heart, experiment, form, office, danger, fame, electron, base, nature, cloud, sun, child, Scott, history, home.

4. Переведите предложения. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова. Назовите сложные слова:

1. Many pupils study English. 2. My grandfather has a large study. 3. Who ruled this country? 4. All sportsmen must obey the rules of the game. 5. The Soviet Union is tied by friend­ship with India in their work for peace. 6. All peace-loving people work for peace for the whole of mankind.

5. Назовите глаголы, от которых образованы следующие сущест­вительные:

Protection, show, writer, worker, movement, investigation, achieve­ ment, statement, reader, department, equipment, construction, organiza­tion, reporter, arrival, improvement, conductor, establishment, develop­ment, education, definition, regulation, assistance, agreement.

6. Переведите без словаря. Определите, к какой части речи относятся слова:

a) Specialist, institute, university, culture,cultural,centre, central, nation,national, international, orga­nization, minister, na­ture, natural, traditional, progressive, moral, social, socialist, public, programmer, popular, modern, revolution, revolutionary, final, talent, continent, festival, political, experiment, experimentation, electricity, technical, transformation, system, systematically, practice, practical, seminar, lecture, lecturer, period, historic, history, professor, complex, form, acceleration, instrument, philosopher, idea, basic, fundamental, conceptions, mass, class, element, motor, method, problem, energy, radio, text, material, temperature, progress, television.

b) 1. France and England are European countries. 2. In the evening we like to listen to classical music. 3. We saw a comedy at the Drama Theatre last night. 4. Your train leaves from platform two. 5. This jazz orchestra gave several concerts in our town. 6. In 1610 Galileo constructed the first tele­ scope in the world. 7. This was a dangerous experiment.

7. Проанализируйте следующие слова, какие они? Определите их сос­тавляющие. Переведите на русский язык:

Ice-hockey, world-wide, bedroom, newspaper, long-term, birthplace, sportsman, apple-juice, peace-loving, schoolchildren, football, highland, te­levision, underground, north-west, sometimes, lowland, landscape, well-known, multinational, network, vice-president.

8. Поставьте слово, указанное в скобках, в нужную форму.

1. My father is very … (act) even though he’s seventy. 2. I’ve always wanted to work in the theatre, but … (act) it isn’t a very secure profession. 3. I … (hope), we’ll soon find a solution to the problem. 4. Look … (care) to the left and to the right before crossing the road. 5. It was very … (care) of you to lose my watch. 6. I take two … (day) newspapers and three Sunday papers. 7. You’ve broken my camera! Look at it! It’s … (use)! 8. Thanks for the advice. It was really … (use). 9. I have some very … (noise) neighbours. 10. She became … (fame) as a result of her invention.

Тренировочные тесты.

Test 1.

  1. This is the most . . . . . . concert I‘ve ever been to. (Expense)

  2. Her husband’s not a very……person. (Patience)

  3. Susan is very……and wants to do well. (Ambition)

  4. Show some……. Don’t you like the idea? (Enthuse)

  5. Her problem is that she has not enough……in herself. (Confide)

  6. Dan is really very……, even rude sometimes. (Polite)

  7. I haven’t been to the cinema…… . (Recent)

  8. Mary…… and they never s aw her again. (Appear)

Test 2.

  1. Most people have no real…… in ghosts.(Believe)

  2. Mark Twain wrote many…… stories. (Humour)

  3. The children’s…… at the concert was excellent. (Behave)

  4. Rita asked for a …… and cashier gave her one. (Receive)

  5. Do you think you have the…… to pass the exam? (Able)

  6. You need a lot of …… to write a good story. (Imagine)

  7. I read an interesting …… in the newspaper. (Advertise)

  8. Their friendship began in their …… . (Child)

Test 3.

  1. I’m telling you the ……! I swear! (True)

  2. Your composition isn’t good enough. You’ll have to …… it. (Write)

  3. Did you know Ann used to work as a …… when she was younger? (Wait)

  4. They need your …… before they can do it. (Sign)

  5. It all happened quite…… . I didn’t have time to think. (Sudden)

  6. I’m sure his new film is going to be a huge…… .(Succeed)

  7. Did Paul give an …… for his actions? (Explain)

  8. The …… of the village are all very kind. (Inhabit)

Test 4.

  1. The leaflet gives a brief…… of each place. (Describe)

  2. Can you give us a quick …… of how it works? (Explain)

  3. Olga broke the vase during an …… with her husband. (Argue)

  4. Gold is a very …… metal. (Value)

  5. Peter began to feel depressed and …… . (Help)

  6. His book is the result of years of …… research. (Care)

  7. This snake is not …… at all. (Danger)

  8. The bright flowers make the room look….. . (Cheer)

Test 5.

1. Teenagers nowadays are more interested in ……. problems. (Globe)

2. Have you seen the new Levi …… on TV? (Advertise)

3. I looked everywhere but I couldn’t find him. He’s …… (Appear)

4. It’s very…… to drink and drive. (Danger)

5. Can you give me some more …… about this adventure holiday? (Inform)

6. We need to put up some …… for tonight’s party. (Decorate)

7. The weather today will be cold and…… . (Wind)

8. Margarita was very …… with the service. (Satisfy)

Test 6.

  1. They put a lot of …… on him to agree to their demands. (Press)

  2. I’ve had three…… nights and l feel exhausted. (Sleep)

  3. If you have problems with your ……, see a doctor. (Circulate)

  4. I’m feeling very …… today. I think I’ll go for a run. (Energy)

  5. Remember that …… are also human. (Examine)

  6. His nose was quite …… for days after he’d it pierced. ( Pain)

  7. There are a lot of …… restaurants in this area. (Fashion)

  8. Although she isn’t beautiful, most men find her quite…… (Attract).

Test 7.

1.The food was completely …… ; he was a useless cook .(Taste)

2. There were over 500 ……to the temple every day .(Visit )

3. You can’t hope to win the race without any …… .(Train)

4. In spite of her ……,Jane continued her journey .(Hungry )

5.Hard as he tried , he was unable to find …… .(Solve )

6.I …… speaking , I don’t think Latin is a useful subject .(Person)

7.You need to organize your time more …… (Efficient )

Test 8.

    1. Stories are more ……. than lists of words .(Memory )

    2. His exam results were very …… . (Please )

    3. Passing exams will help you to get a ……job .(Good )

    4. You should revise on a regular …… (Base )

    5. There are books that are specially …….for foreign learners.(Simple )

    6. A degree is a very useful…….to have .(Qualify )

    7. I hope you will take into …… what I have just said to you .(Consider )

    8. This new book had many beautiful ……in it .(ILLUSTRATE)

Test 9.

1.My aunt became …….when she went to America.

(Fame)

2.Paul sings …….; I’m surprised he isn’t a professional singer. (Beauty)

3.I was …….to see all my old friends again. (Delight )

4.They bought some …… for their new house. (Furnish )

5. She lives in a really ……mansion in the suburbs. (Luxury )

6. Are you sitting ……. in that chair ? (Comfort )

7.Everyone was nervous about the ……’s visit. (Inspector)

8.Our teacher has a really strong ……. . (Person)

9.His father has the best …… of ancient coins. (Collect)

Test 10.

1.The teacher wanted to know what my greatest …….(Ambitious)

2.I……ever go to the theatre. I don’t like it .(Hard )

3.Marina has a very …… manner , which I appreciate .(Relax)

4.Her son took part in the world ……last year .(Champion)

5.I was …….when victor said I was beautiful.(Flatter)

6. Julia got a ……for best leading actress .(Nominate )

7.She’s a very ……thinker .(Origin)

8.Her friend is very …….! You can trust him .(Rely)

Ответы к тренировочным тестам.

Test 1.

1. Expensive

2. Patient

3.Ambitious

4.Enthusiasm

5. Confidence

6.Impolite

7.Recently

8.Disappeared

Test 2.

    1. Belief

    2. Humorous

    3. Behaviour

    4. Receipt

    5. Ability

    6. Success

    7. Advertisement

    8. Childhood

Test 3.

1. Truth

2. Rewrite

3. Waitress

4. Signature

5. Suddenly

6. Success

7.Explanation

8. Inhabitants

Test 4.

    1. Description

    2. Explanation

    3. Argument

    4. Valuable

    5. Helpless

    6. Careful

    7. Dangerous

    8. Cheerful

Test 5.

1. Global

2. Advertisement

3. Disappeared

4. Dangerous

5. Information

6. Decorations

7. Windy

8. Satisfied

Test 6.

1. Pressure

2. Sleepless

3. Circulation

4. Energetic

5. Examiners

6.Painful

Test 7.

1.Tasteless

2. Visitors

3.Training

4 . Hunger

5. Solution

6. Personally

7. Efficiently

Test 8.

1. Memorable

2. Pleasant

3. Better

4. Basis

5. Simplified

6. Qualification

7. Consideration

8. ILLustrations

Test 9.

  1. Famous

  2. Beautifully

  3. Delighted

  4. Furniture

  5. Luxurious

  6. Comfortably

  7. Inspector

  8. Personality

  9. Collection

Test 10.

  1. Ambition

  2. Hardly

  3. Relaxed

  4. Championship

  5. Flattered

  6. Nomination

  7. Original

  8. Reliable

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