Word building exercises prefix

TEST
YOUR VOCABULARY 3

17. Word
building: prefixes

A.      
Make
the opposites of these adjectives by putting the correct prefix in front of
them. Choose from un-, in-, im-.

1	___un__ attractive	7	___ healthy	13	___ polite
2	___ correct	8	___ interesting	14	___ popular
3	___ dependent	9	___ mature	15	___ possible
4	___ expensive	10	___ moral	16	___ practical
5	___ fashionable	11	___ patient	17	___ sensitive
6	___ formal	12	___ pleasant	18	___ usual

B.      
Complete
the sentences with one of the prefixed adjectives above.

1	She is so ________. She is seventeen but she acts like a six-year-old.
2	He’s very ________. He doesn’t get lonely although he lives on his own and takes all his holidays on his own.
3	The band’s last CD was very ________. Hardly anybody bought it and they never played it on the radio.
4	The total is ________. They’ve charged us £15 for the fruit salad!
5	The sunny weather is very ________. It’s normally cold and wet at this time of year.
6	Sally has been looking for a job for months. She looked miserable when Maria kept talking about her new job. Maria shouldn’t be so ________. She should think about Sally’s feelings.
7	We’re having a very ________ party on Saturday evening. Come any time after nine and there’s no need to dress up.
8	He can’t even boil an egg or make coffee. In the kitchen he’s  a very ________ person.
9	Your diet is very ________. You eat too much fat and sugar and not enough fruit and vegetables.
10	She’s always stealing from shops. In my opinion, she’s completely ________.
11	Mes Amis is an excellent restaurant. the food is delicious and it’s very ________. Even I can afford to eat there!
12	‘I’m tired of waiting for this bus. Let’s get a taxi.’ ‘Don’t be so ________. The bus will be here in another five minutes. We can’t afford a taxi.’

Answer key

dis-, in-, im-, re-, un- are the most common prefixes of the English language.

dis- means not or opposite of

in- & im- mean in

re- means again

un- means not

PS.: UN- can go before any letters. IM is used before letters m and p –other than that IN is used.

Write the right prefix on the lines:

_____able _____confortable _____certain _____like _____happy

_____secure _____invited _____open _____ adjust _____known

_____assure _____habit _____connect _____ability _____agree

_____like _____trust _____turn _____fresh _____store

_____polite _____possible _____guise _____formal _____patient

Now use some of the words in the sentences:

1. The birthday party was very __________. 2. Boy, was he _________ when he asked for help! 3. The plants that grow here are very __________ the plants where I live. 4. He was __________ to solve the problem. 5. Everybody wants him to __________ to his job. 6. I feel shy and __________ around strangers. 7. He tried to __________ his voice on the phone but I could tell it was him. 8. People have grown __________ with the numerous delays. 9. Now you must __________ the hose from the faucet. 10. You look __________ in that chair. Do you want another one? 11. I am sorry but the restaurant is closed. We will __________ tonight at 9 pm. 12. Several species of birds _________ the island. 13. I am not sure of the address. Could you __________ your memory? 14. Much is _________ about his early life in America. 15. We don’t look eye to eye on the matter. Actually we ________ very much. 16. Mary has learned to keep a positive attitude about her __________. 17. The crew is trying to __________ the old house to its original condition. 18. The heavy rain made it ____________ to see the dark road. 19. I was annoyed that he brought three ____________ guests to my party. 20. It is a very ___________ situation. I wish I could do something to change it. 21. The children need to ___________ to the new school. 22. They generally __________ dentists and doctors.

Key for the third task:

1. informal

2. impolite

3. unlike

4. unable

5. return

6. insecure

7. disguise

8. impatient

9. disconnect

10. uncomfortable

11. reopen

12. inhabit

13. refresh

14. unknown

15. disagree

16. disability

17. restore

18. impossible

19. uninvited

20. unhappy

21. readjust

22. distrust

1. Complete the text with the prefixes below.

ex      micro      multi      over      sub      under

COLLEGE drop-out

James Cameron is one of Hollywood’s most successful directors. His 1………………………-award winning films include The Terminator, Titanic and Avatar. When he isn’t directing, he works as a scientist and explores the deepest parts of the ocean in a 2………………………marine. But he 3………………………achieved as a physics student, leaving university without a degree. After working as a lorry driver, he then worked in special effects before becoming a director. Some 4………………………-colleagues describe him as a difficult person to work with. However, others say that he is just a perfectionist who tries to 5………………………manage every aspect of his films and sometimes 6………………………reacts when things go wrong.

Answer

1 multi-award   2 submarine   3 underachieved

4 ex-colleagues   5 micromanage   6 overreacts

2. Complete the sentences with the prefixes below.

co      mini      mis      multi      over      post      re      semi

1   My day is …………-retired – he still works two or three mornings a week.

2   The company lost millions because of …………management at the highest level.

3   Six of my …………-workers have lost their jobs in the past year.

4   My last proper holiday from work was four years ago, although I’ve had a few …………-breaks.

5   If we can’t find the right person for the job, we’ll just have to …………-advertise.

6   She finished her university degree and then did a …………graduate qualification.

7   She never stops for lunch: she just drinks coffee and takes …………vitamin pills!

8   I don’t want to sound …………confident, but I’m sure I’ll be good at this job.

Answer

1 semi-retired   2 mismanagement   3 co-workers

4 mini-breaks   5 re-advertise   6 postgraduate

7 multivitamin   8 overconfident

3. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use one word only, beginning with a prefix from exercise 1 or 2.

1   You cooked this meat for too long.

      You overcooked this meat.

2   Our team did not perform well enough last season.

     Our team …………………………………….. last season.

3   I met a former school friend in a café in town.

     I met an …………………………………….. in a café in town.

4   She’s an expert in history after World War II.

     She’s an expert in …………………………………….. history.

5   I’m sorry, I typed your name incorrectly.

     I’m sorry, I …………………………………….. your name.

6   They bought the house, but sold it again a year later.

      They bought the house, but …………………………………….. it a year later.

7   Ben Stiller wrote Zoolander with two other writers.

      Ben Stiller and two other writers …………………………………….. Zoolander.

Answer

2 underperformed   3 ex-girlfriend   4 post-war

5 mistyped   6 resold   7 co-wrote

VOCAB BOOST!

You can use mind maps for groups of words that are connected. Mind maps are particularly useful for people who have a visual memory.

4. Read the Vocab boost! box. Add these words and phrases to the mind-map for jobs

answer the phone      badly-paid      gardener      hairdresser

lorry driver      paramedic      programmer      receptionist

repetitive      serve customers      tiring      well-paid

Answer

indoors: programmer, hairdresser, receptionist

activities: serve customers, answer the phone

outdoors: gardener, paramedic, lorry driver

describing: badly-paid, repetitive, tiring, well-paid

5. What are the sentences about? Add a prefix to the words in bold to make one word with the same meaning as the sentence.

1   He was her husband, but now he isn’t. …………………………..

2   We are workers in the same company. …………………………..

3   We took a small bus to the hotel. …………………………..

4   There is an extremely small processor in your phone. …………………………..

5   I hope they don’t interpret what I say in the wrong way. …………………………..

6   He is a great performer. He’s talented in many ways. …………………………..

7   We need to do this again – it isn’t right. …………………………..

8   Don’t work too much! …………………………..

Answer

1 ex-husband   2 coworkers   3 mini-bus

4 microprocessor   5 misinterpret   6 multitalented

7 redo   8 overwork

Словообразование в английском — упражнения с ответами

Добрый день, читатели блога grammar-tei.com. Сегодня мы займемся словообразованием и выполним несколько упражнений на словообразование в английском языке. Все упражнения даются с ответами, поэтому Вы сможете проверить себя.

Тема словообразование в английском – очень сложная, поэтому практиковаться нужно много. Всем известно, что задания на словообразования есть в ЕГЭ. Не будем откладывать и выполним упражнения на словообразование в английском.

Задания на словообразование. Word building exercises.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте существительные.

1. The study calculated that replacing weekly fruit juice . with whole fruits could bring health benefits. (consume)
2. For my birthday Mother baked a cake with yellow . . (ice)
3. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are called . because they provide the fuel your body needs. (nutrition)
4. Many women have to juggle . and a full-time job. (mother)
5. . are unavoidable when three . live under one roof. (argue, generate)
6. Her deep . of her sister was evident. (hate)
7. Older people who live alone often need help with gardening and house . (maintain)
8. Positive attitude helps employees to get along with . and managers. (worker)
9. China’s air. has cut life . by an average of 5.5 years in the north of the country and caused higher rates of lung cancer. (pollute, expect)
10. It is much safer to use stainless steel or glass . instead of plastic ones. (contain)

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте прилагательные.

1. My favorite . book is “Appetite” by Nigel Slater. (cooker)
2. Eating can also make you . and so can waking up in the morning. (thirst)
3. You shouldn’t rest on your laurels but try to improve your . performance. (academy)
4. Highly . gas is naturally found in coal mines. (explode)
5. An . species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of extinction. (danger)
6. The most. earthquake struck in Shanxi, China 1556. (disaster)
7. . exploitation of nature by man has resulted in the effects we have to deal with now. (thought)
8. Laos is a landlocked . country, widely covered by tropical forest. (mountain)
9. I decided to take a walk. It would be too . to wait in the queue. (tire)

Упражнение 3. Используйте отрицательные приставки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

1. The service was slow and the waiter’s familiarity was … , so we left without paying. (accept)
2. Some children are a challenge, especially when they . in public places. (behaviour)
3. To my . , the restaurant was overbooked and we had to spend the evening at home. (appoint)
4. Michael was . about what dessert to order. (decide)
5. Parents’. of their children’s behaviour and life choices can ruin their lives. (approve)
6. There is a huge difference between . children and those merely . to listen to their parents’ advice. (obey, will)
7. Young children mustn’t be left . either at home or at public places. (attention)
8. She was frequently left alone by her . husband. (faith)
9. If you describe someone as . you are criticising them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly or are . to act in this capacity. (competence, qualifications)
10. Banks are still seen as . and many people keep their savings at home. (security)

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, образуйте глаголы.

1. Guar gum also is used in the food industry to . products like ice cream. (thick)
2. Old Manchester houses are made of red brick. by soot. (black)
3. David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would . up the room. (bright)
4. Do we ever stop to think about the importance of the air we . ? (breath)
5. I’d like to . this dress for one in a larger size. (change)
6. They . 100 dollars from a bank account an hour ago. (draw)

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

1. Sometimes one’s . are the only people one can . in. (parental, confidence)
2. Many people . that getting a spouse can put them out of their. which later. wrong, because sometimes marriage makes life more difficult. (belief, miserable, proof)
3. An . Roman . has been discovered in northwest England, (extend, settle)
4. The dining-room is elegantly . and . carpeted, (furniture, luxury)
5. Everyone is . of her having the chance to . abroad, (envy, student)
6. When employers look at. candidates, beyond skills, experience, and training, they look for those who demonstrate . (prospect, enthuse)
7. In the city the . and . were insufferable, (hot, humid)
8. Our planet’s. regions, located just north and south of the equator, are known for their. and . (tropic, warm, humid)
9. Next to Shakespeare, no . gets more love on Broadway than Tennessee Williams, (play)
10. During Elizabeth’s reign England significantly . its trade . and in 1580 Sir Francis Drake became the first Englishman to successfully . the earth, (expansion, sea, circumnavigation)

Упражнение 6. Образуйте слова от данных. Вставьте слова в текст.

A.

RESTORATION, LOOK, DEMOLITION, EXTEND, GOTH, ACCOMMODATE, PANELLING, UNEXPECTED

Located in Wiltshire, an outstanding and beautifully __________ (1), late ________ (2) style manor house was built of limestone. Originally it was a much larger property that was mostly ___________ (3). Solid in appearance and structure, it offers _________ (4) and well presented ___________ (5). As one would ___________ (6) there is a grand drawing room with oak _________ (7) walls and a large open fireplace. The large windows __________ (8) a parkland setting.

B.

FORM, ILLEGAL, EDUCATIONAL, QUALIFICATIONS, TUITION

Home education is when a child is __________ (1) at home rather than at school. It’s perfectly __________ (2) in the UK and one doesn’t need to be a __________ (3) teacher to do so. Children who are home educated receive all their education from their parents, sometimes with the help of outside __________ (4). If you decide to home educate your child you don’t have to follow __________ (5) rules about how you teach or when you teach.

C.

CHIEF, SEARCH, SCIENCE, INDUCE, COLLECT, APPLY, ADOPTION, FOUND

English philosopher, statesman, and jurist who rose to become Lei Chancellor (1618—1621) to James I but is __________ (1) remembered for the status he gave to __________ (2) research in England. Although his name is associated with the method of __________ (3) and the rejection of a priori reasoning in science, the painstaking __________ (4) of miscellaneous facts without any use of error theory which he supported in the Novum Organum has never been __________ (5) as a practical method of __________ (6). The __________ (7) of the Baconian method was, however, an important object in the __________ (8) of the Royal Society some years later.

D.

DEPTH, HARMLESS, DESIRE, MODERATE, ACCESS

We’ve all heard of emotional eating. There’s also such a thing as emotional shopping. In __________ (1), neither of these activities is __________ (2), but in excess both can have serious consequences. The __________ (3) and the affordability of goods make shopping all the more appealing. For many compulsive buyers, a big part of the appeal of shopping is the process of searching out and obtaining that new, better, __________ (4) item. This process is so mesmerising that it often ruins long-term financial plans, leaving shoppers __________ (5) in debt.

Ответы к упражнениям на словообразование. Word building exercises – answers.

1 consumption, 2 icing, 3 nutrients, 4 motherhood/maternity, 5 arguments, generations, 6 hatred, 7 maintenance, 8 co-workers, 9 pollution, expectancy

1 cookery, 2 thirsty, 3 academic, 4 explosive, 5 endangered, 6 disastrous, 7 thoughtless, 8 mountainous, 9 tiresome

1 unacceptable, 2 misbehave, 3 disappointment, 4 indecisive, 5 disapproval, 6 disobedient, unwilling, 7 unattended, 8 unfaithful, 9 incompetent, unqualified, 10 insecure

1 thicken, 2 blackened, 3 brighten, 4 breathe, 5 exchange, 6 withdrew

1 parents, confide, 2 believe, misery, proves, 3 extensive, settlement, 4 furnished, luxuriously 5 envious, study, 6 prospective, enthusiasm, 7 heat, humidity, 8 tropic (al), warmth, humidity, 9 playwright, 10 expanded, oversea (s), circumnavigate

1 restored, 2 gothic, 3 demolished, 4 extensive 5 accommodation, 6 expect, 7 panel (l) ed, 8 overlook

1 educated, 2 legal, 3 qualified, 4 tutors, 5 formal

1 chiefly, 2 scientific, 3 induction, 4 collection, 5 adopted, 6 research, 7 application, 8 foundation

1 moderation, 2 harmful, 3 accessibility, 4 desirable, 5 deeply

Надеюсь, эти упражнения на словообразование помогут Вам в изучении этого непростого раздела английского языка. Word building exercises are very useful!

Понравилось? Сохраните на будущее и поделитесь с друзьями!

Задания на словообразование в формате ЕГЭ

Данные задания на слоовообразование в английском языке составлены по материалам пособия «Сборник тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку» (М. Вербицкая, Малколм Манн и др.) и входят в цикл «Английский язык. Подготовка к ЕГЭ. СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ». Задания на словообразование рекомендуется выполнять после изучения теоретического материала, ссылки на который даны перед упражнениями.

Словообразование. Задания в формате ЕГЭ

Содержание:

Суффиксы существительного

Задание 1. Измените слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию предложения.

Слово «лексически» означает, что к слову нужно добавить суффикс или префикс.

Слово «грамматически» означает, что к преобразованному слову, возможно, нужно добавить окончание.

ПРИМЕР. Animal __________ will enjoy the performance. love

Animal lovers will enjoy the performance. — Любители животных получат удовольствие от представления.

Здесь требуется поставить существительное — lover во мн. число, исходя из контекста.

1. This __________ is passed through the generations. able
2. Stress is the ___________ with which syllables are pronounced. strong
3. His ______________led him to discovering a lot of information. curious
4. This book contains _________of the centuries. wise
5. This film takes me back to my ____________. child
6. The ___________of this corridor was surprising. long
7. It will be disastrous for the ___________. human
8. I appreciate our ___________. friend
9. I will die of ____________if I live that long. bored
10. The __________of her feelings was unexpected for me. warm
11. The____________is given to particularly bright students. scholar
12. He was famous for his ___________ . serious
13. The ___________of this song is incredible. popular
14. We were surprised at the _________in her speech. differ
15. It is easy to learn how to do this _________. active
16. The airplane started to lose __________. high

Задание 2. Form nouns from the words in bold.

1. The Hercules was famous for his _________ . strong
2. The ____________of the swimming pool was about 5 meters. wide
3. I was surprised by the ______________ of the tablecloth. white
4. The _________of the Tower and the __________ of the walls made it a perfect prison. high, thick
5. The ___________was delayed by fog for an hour. fly
6. Giving alive ___________is quite different from performing on a film. perform
7. Our ___________to predict the weather depends on the information we have. able
8. Another major ____________is the shape of the ball. different
9. The __________of the baseball is very great in America. popular
10. Much of his ________ Chekhov lived in severe poverty. child
11. The ______of London since then has been incredible. grow
12. We moved to our new ______________last spring. resident
13. Many encyclopedias state with __________that the Nile is the longest river in the world. confident
14. Her acting is closer to __________. real
15. The story of the dodo`s ___________is one example of man`s effect on the environment. disappear
16. He had ____________in finding a job. difficult
17. Each _____________is worth considering. possible

Задание 3. Form nouns from the words in bold.

1. The ______________ of this building took 20 years from start to finish. construct
2. Famous __________were held in the Tower. prison
3. Many _____________come to London each year. visit
4. Before the ____________of the hot air balloon, no human had ever successfully flown into the air. invent
5. The first successful __________was in 1783. fly
6. The ___________of the balloon depends on the wind. direct
7. The _____________and response of the audience can affect how the actor feels and performs. behave
8. They want to have the opportunity to do some real _____. act
9. London is an ideal place nightlife ____________. entertain
10. Special _____________is used to collect weather data. equip
11. He never seemed to be interested in ____________. educate
12. An _______________called Clarence went on an expedition to Canada with his family. explore
13. He is famous for his finding the __________to the problem. solve
14. His success was an remarkable_______. achieve
15. The ____________of its place is unknown. locate
16. What is your ______________of the performance? impress

Задание 4. Form nouns from the words in bold.

1. ________will find these products on sale in the supermarkets. shop
2. In New York he became a ____________at drama school. study
3. The ship left for New York with a crew of seven professional _________. sail
4. To the crew’s__________ they discovered that nobody was on the island. astonish
5. Each flag has its additional _____________. mean
6. Another ___________started at once. argue
7. Brighton is an ideal place for____________ . relax
8. There are eleven ___________in each team in cricket. play
9. They tried to persuade the ______________to introduce new laws. govern
10. The road __________must be improved. safe
11. Finding a good job is uneasy without proper ____________. qualify
12. Many people consider the ____________of moving away. possible
13. It is necessary to fill the _______________form. apply
14. The rate of _________________is very high. employ
15. You have a great _____________. imagine
16. To our great ___________, it started to rain. disappoint
17. The better your education is, the less_____________you will have in finding a job. difficult

Суффиксы и префиксы прилагательного

Задание 5. Form adjectives from the words in bold.

1. Huge ___________dinosaurs used to walk on the Earth. power
2. There are a lot of ______________courses to improve your skills. train
3. This private boat carried a cargo of _______________products. commerce
4. The dodo lived on an island where he had no ___________enemies. nature
5. There are hundreds of ______________hotels in sunny Brighton. comfort
6. Enjoy delicious dishes in ____________ restaurants. fashion
7. Taking part in this attraction can be a bit ______. risk
8. The story describes the ______________action of people. hero
9. _________plays are staged on Broadway. vary
10. The road was in ________________condition. excellence
11. The _____________method is always in great use. help
12. My father doesn’t buy _____________newspapers. expense
13. Who is _______________for making changes in our society? response
14. The Russians are considered to be very _____________. hospitality
15. The ______________equipment needs to be checked. electricity
16. I was impressed by French ______________cuisine. delicacy
17. She is not self- ________________. confidence
18. The job will give him more _______________freedom. artist
19. Paul’s Cathedral is an _________________building. impress
20. In the old days the only ___________means of transport was the horse. person
21. The trip was very ______________. benefit
22. Is your answer _______________ from mine? differ

Задание 6 . Form adjectives from the words in bold. Mind the prefix UN-

1. Two _____________brothers Montgolfier were responsible for designing the first air balloon. France
2. The design of the balloon was based on ____________________law. science
3. Some ________________flyers have had an accident. fortunate
4. The first ________________flight was in 1783. success
5. You can go on a _______________ride on a horse back. enjoy
6. He had an ____________________idea. imagine
7. More ______________visitors can try «The Vampire Ride». adventure
8. Riding fast high above the park can be a ______________experience . scare
9. Nature is so ___________________that’s why we cannot forecast more than for a few days. predict
10. _______ people or things existed in the past are considered to be a part of history. history
11. ____________baseball began in the USA in 1865. profession
12. In the USA baseball is considered as a __________sport. nation
13. It will be an ________________experience for me. forget
14. He started his own business and became ________________. wealth
15. The bridge was very ________________. use
16. It has become the place of _______________importance. globe
17. At first sight it seems _________________. believe
18. The situation is becoming more __________________. understand
19. She is a very _________________woman. effect
20. Everyone fell _____________in the room. silence
21. It was the most _________________journey I have ever had. please
22. It is ___________to drive without seatbelt. legal

Задания в формате ЕГЭ. Суффиксы и префиксы глагола

1. He _______________ and lay on the bed. dress
2. He could enter the house because the door was ___________. lock
3. The usual practice at the History lesson is to ___________texts. tell
4. The exercise must be ________________. write
5. Teachers sometimes _____________students. understand
6. When the child ______________ she was unable to cope with him. behave
7. The parents ____________ the child to go out late at night. allow
8. When the days begin to ____________then the cold begins to _____________. long/ strong
9. They’re trying to _____________our name. black
10. The snow ____________the mountain tops. white
11. He was ____________by his family to learn music at a young age. courage
12. The town is ______________by fortified walls. circle
13. The route was built to ______________trucks to get around a waterfall. able
14. No argument can __________a war. just
15. If you ____________ a substance, you make it pure by removing any dirty substances from it. pure
16. You have ______________him as an ambitious person. character
17. His mother rarely___________ him or any of her children. critic
18. I’m sure Rose will _____________many of us. live

Задание 8. Form verbs from the words in bold.

1. The symptoms of her illness have____________. appear
2. The student__________the teacher and did the wrong exercise. hear
3. Last week the government ______________ the citizens about the political situation in the country. inform
4. His own mind was ___________and ______________by foreign travel. large/rich
5. Martin ___________all the people in the area. He died at the age of 101. live
6. The elderly are usually _______________with the young. satisfy
7. Nowadays the risk of serious illness has________. less
8. Do you mean to____________ me? threat
9. Unfortunately, the cooperation between two countries was _______________. organize
10. The line was ___________, though not dead. connect
11. I am very ________________ with you. appoint
12. The students _______________ the teacher. obey
13. What does the emblem _______________? symbol
14. If someone_________a word, they spell it wrongly. spell
15. Don’t let this ______________ you. courage
16. He recognized her voice and his face ____________. soft
17. The men tried to __________ each other in their generosity. do

ОТВЕТЫ

Для получения доступа, пожалуйста, оформите подписку «ОТВЕТЫ»

Словообразование английского языка + упражнения для тренировки
тест (10 класс) на тему

В данном файле содержится теория английского словообразования, а также тренировочные упражнения.

Скачать:

Вложение	Размер
Словообразование	134 КБ
тест по словообразованию	17.81 КБ

Предварительный просмотр:

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАК СЛОЖНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА (WORD-BUILDING)

В ходе обучения иностранному языку, в частности, английскому, у студентов возникает масса вопросов при переводе слов той или иной части речи. В связи с этим необходимо остановиться на основных способах словообразования в английском языке.

В современном английском языке имеется несколько способов словообразования:

1) конверсия ( образование новых слов без изменения их написания и произношения )

2) словосложение ( образование нового слова путем сложения двух слов в одно )

3) изменение ударения в слове (и получение нового слова другой части речи ).

4) аффиксация ( прибавление к корню суффикса или префикса )

Конверсия как способ словообразования. Словосложение. Изменение ударения.

Иногда слово может менять свое значение и выполнять новую синтаксическую функцию в предложении, не изменяя при этом написания и произношения ( конверсия ). Наиболее распространенным является образование глаголов от существительных: master (хозяин) — to master (управлять), house (дом) — to house (размещать), water (вода) — to water (поливать). Но глаголы могут быть образованы и от прилагательных: empty (пустой) — to empty (опустошать) white (белый) — to white (белить).

Словосложение — это объединение полнозначных слов или их основ в сложное слово. Вновь образованное сложное слово пишется слитно или через дефис: airfield — аэродром (air — воздух, field — поле), air-base — авиабаза (air — воздух, base — база), airman — авиатор (air — воздух, man — мужчина), schoolday — школьный день (school — школа, day — день), birthplace — место рождения (birth — рождение, place — место).

Сложные слова могут состоять из двух существительных, первое из которых приобретает значение прилагательного. В этом случае слова пишутся отдельно. Например: service dress — форменная одежда, одежда для службы (service — служба, dress — платье), shop window — витрина (shop — магазин, window — окно), skim milk — снятое молоко (to skim — снимать (накипь и т.д.), milk — молоко ).

Многие существительные совпадают по форме с глаголами, но отличаются ударением . Как правило, в существительных ударение падает на первый слог, а в соответствующих глаголах — на второй: ex port (экспорт) — to ex port (экспортировать) pre sent (подарок) — to pre sent (дарить).

Словообразование с помощью аффиксации.

Образование новых слов может происходить при помощи присоединения к основе слова суффиксов или префиксов (приставок). Префиксы присоединяются к корню слова в начале, а суффиксы — в конце. Слова, образованные с помощью префиксов или суффиксов, в отличие от простых слов, называются производными.

Самым продуктивным является этот вид словообразования. В ходе обучения английскому языку уделяется большое внимание этому способу словосложения.

Префиксы, как и суффиксы, могут присоединяться к различным частям речи, изменяя при этом значение основы слова, например: happy (счастливый) — unhappy (несчастный) — happiness (счастье) — happily (счастливо); help (помощь) — helper (помощник) — helpful (полезный) — helpless (беспомощный).

Наиболее употребительные приставки (префиксы) и их значения:

1. Префикс со значением “снова”, “заново”, “вновь”, “пере”:

to construct (строить) — to reconstruct (перестроить), to read (читать) — to reread (перечитать), to write (писать) — to rewrite (переписать)

2. Префиксы, которые придают слову противоположное значение или обозначают противоположное действие :

un- dis- de- anti- counter-

to dress (одеваться) — to undress (раздеваться), to tie (связывать) — to untie (развязывать)

to appear (появляться) — to disappear (исчезать)

formation (формирование) — deformation (деформация)

fascist (фашист) — anti-fascist (антифашист)

attack (атака) — counterattack (контратака)

to contradict (противоречить, возражать)

3. Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение :

ir- il- dis- mis- non-

amoral ( аморальный, безнравственный )

absent (отсутствующий), abnormal ( ненормальный)

kind ( добрый) — unkind ( недобрый)

possible (возможный) — impossible (невозможный)

ability (способность) — inability (неспособность)

regular (регулярный) — irregular (нерегулярный)

legal (легальный) — illegal (нелегальный)

honest (честный) — dishonest (нечестный),

to understand (понимать) — to misunderstand (неправильно понять)

interference (вмешательство) — non-interference (невмешательство)

Приставка, которая начинается на “i” изменяется в зависимости от того, какая за ней стоит буква : il + l, ir + r, im + b, m, p.

4. Префиксы, имеющие значение “сверх”, “пере”, “чрезмерно”:

over- super- ultra-

to pay (платить) — to overpay (переплатить)

human (человеческий) — superhuman (сверхчеловеческий)

short (короткий) — ultra-short (ультракороткий)

5. Префиксы со значением “между”, “взаимно ”:

existence (существование) — co-existence (сосуществование)

national (национальный) — international (интернациональный)

6. Префиксы, которые переводятся как

war (война) — pre-war (довоенный), historic (исторический) — prehistoric (доисторический)

to foresee (предвидеть)

war (война,) — post-war (послевоенный), revolutionary (революционный) — post-revolutionary (послереволюционный)

в) “недостаточно”, “недо-“:

to pay (платить) — to underpay (оплачивать низко, т.е. недостаточно оплачивать, недоплачивать), production (производство) — underproduction ( недопроизводство)

division (разделение) — subdivision (подразделение), committee (комиссия, комитет) — subcommittee (подкомиссия)

champion (чемпион) — ex-champion (бывший чемпион)

autobiography (автобиография), automatic (автоматический)

semifinal (полуфинал), semicircle ( полукруг)

и) вверх, кверху, наверху

upstairs (вверх по лестнице), upside (верхняя часть), to uproot (вырывать с корнем)

к) двойной, два, дважды

bilingual (двуязычный), bi-monthly (выходящий два раза в месяц)

л) имеющий дело с книгами

м) относящийся к жизни

н) второстепенное значение

by-street (переулок, улочка)

о) много-, мульти-, поли-

multicolored (многоцветный), multimillionaire (мультимиллионер)

polyglot (полиглот), polytechnic (политехнический)

п) второстепенное значение

by-street (переулок, улочка)

7. Префикс глагола , имеющий значение “делать”:

large (большой) — to enlarge (увеличивать, делать больше), danger ( опасность ) — to endanger (подвергать опасности), force (сила) — to enforce (принуждать, настаивать)

Основные суффиксы существительных:

1. Суффиксы, обозначающие принадлежность к

а) политическому направлению профессии или нации :

Communist (коммунист), Marxist (марксист>, materialist (материалист);

artist (художник), typist (машинистка), pianist (пианист), historian (историк), librarian (библиотекарь), musician (музыкант); Russian (русский), Bulgarian (болгарин)

2. Суффикс, обозначающий учение, теорию, качество :

marxism (марксизм), heroism (героизм)

3. Суффиксы, обозначающие действующее лицо, его занятие или должность :

to teach ( учить) — teacher (учитель), to direct ( руководить ) — director (руководитель)

employee ( служащий), refugee (беженец, эмигрант), auctioneer (аукционер),

4. Суффикс, обозначающий результат действия :

achievement (достижение), agreement (согласие), government (правительство)

lemonade (лимонад) , blockade (блокада)

5. Суффиксы, обозначающие

brotherhood (братство), childhood (детство), manhood (мужественность)

dictatorship (диктатура), friendship (дружба), leadership (руководство)

accuracy (точность), infancy ( младенчество), supremacy ( превосходство)

б) действие, состояние :

shortage (нехватка), marriage (брак, супружество), voyage (путешествие)

hunting (охота), crossing (пересечение, перекресток), living (житье)

silence (молчание), difference (различие)

importance (важность), resistance (сопротивление)

collection (собрание, коллекция), dictation (диктант, диктовка)

competition ( соревнование), hesitation (сомнение, колебание)

removal ( удаление), arrival (прибытие), refusal (отказ), approval (одобрение)

в) качество или состояние :

freedom (свобода), kingdom (королевство), wisdom (мудрость)

coldness (холод), darkness (темнота), kindness (доброта), weakness (слабость)

activity (активность), safety (безопасность)

г) место действия, занятие или состояние

bakery (булочная), surgery (кабинет хирурга), cookery (кулинария), slavery (рабство)

д) род занятий, отрасль науки

physics (физика), politics (политика)

Основные суффиксы прилагательных:

1. Суффикс, образующий прилагательные от существительных и обозначающий национальную принадлежность или слабую степень качества :

Chinese (китаец, китайский), Japanese (японец, японский)

Pole (поляк) — Polish (польский), Scott (шотландец) — Scottish (шотландский)

red (красный) — reddish (красноватый), child (ребенок) — childish (ребячливый, детский)

2. Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от глаголов и обозначающие наличие качества :

to act (действовать) — active (активный), to talk (разговаривать) – talkative (разговорчивый)

to differ (различать) — different (различный), to insist (настаивать) — insistent (настойчивый) to observe (наблюдать, замечать) — observant (наблюдательный, внимательный)

3. Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от существительных
и обозначающие наличие качества, свойства :

base (основа) — basic (основной), economy (экономика) — economic (экономический)

centre (центр) — central (центральный)

culture (культура) — cultural (культурный), beauty (красота) — beautiful (красивый)

peace (мир) — peaceful (мирный), fame (слава) — famous (знаменитый)

cloud (облако) — cloudy (облачный), sun (солнце) — sunny (солнечный)

4. Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от различных частей
речи и обозначающие

а) качество, свойство :

element (элемент) — elementary (элементарный)

illusion (иллюзия) — illusory ( обманчивый, иллюзорный )

б) способность что-либо сделать, состояние, качество :

to change (изменить) — changeable (изменчивый)

to eat (есть) — eatable (съедобный), reason (разум) — reasonable ( разумный )

в) отсутствие качества :

useless (бесполезный), windless (безветренный)

Основные суффиксы глаголов :

active (активный) — to activate (активизировать)

short (короткий) — to shorten (укоротить)

pure (чистый) — to purify (очищать), simple (простой) — to simplify (упрощать)

character (характер) — to characterize (характеризовать)

Основные суффиксы наречий

Суффиксы, образующие наречия от

а) прилагательных, иногда — существительных, порядковых числительных и причастий:

bad (плохой) — badly (плохо), part (часть) — partly (частично), first (первый) — firstly (во-первых)

б) существительных и наречий и обозначающие направление (или направленность):

North (север) — northward(s) (к северу, на север), after (после) — afterwards (впоследствии, позже, потом), back (обратно, назад) — backward(s) (назад, в обратном направлении)

home (дом, домой) — homeward (к дому, по направлению к дому)

NOTE! В английском языке большое место занимают слова, заимствованные из других языков. Такие слова называются интернациональными . По корню этих слов легко догадаться об их значении. Например: telegram (телеграмма), orchestra (оркестр), concert (концерт) и др. Умение подмечать интернациональные слова в значительной степени облегчает работу по переводу текста.

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие слова, выделите в них суффиксы и префиксы:

Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, decompose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, reconstruct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.

Ex. 2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова. Переведите их:

Achievement — achieve, resistance — resistant, assistance — assist — assistant, celebration — celebrate, difference — different, city — citizen, nation — national — nationality, measure — measurement, develop — development, act — active — activity, contain — container, discover — discovery — discoverer, literature — literary, graduate — graduation — undergraduate — post-graduate, educate — education, progress — progressive, act — action — activity — active, govern — governor — government.

Ex. З. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ег или -or . Переведите на русский язык:

To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.

Ex. 4. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффикса -ist, -ism, -ian . Переведите на русский язык:

Special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic, mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India.

Ex. 5. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ment . Переведите на русский язык:

Develop, achieve, move, arrange, treat, state, improve, agree, equip, govern, require, measure, announce, pave.

Ex. 6. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -ful и -less , переведите их на русский язык :

Beauty, thank, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.

Ex. 7. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -able, -ible , переведите их на русский язык:

Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect.

Ex. 8. Найдите и выделите суффиксы в данных словах и определите, к какой части речи эти слова относятся:

British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experiment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, fundamental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attractive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom.

Ex. 9. Образуйте глаголы с помощью суффикса -en :

Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp, strength.

Ex. 10. Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса -1у и переведите их:

Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.

Ex. 11. Образуйте глаголы от данных существительных. Переведите их:

Turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, stay, step, stop, study, talk, visit, rest, air, paper, cover, handle, cause, watch, act, address, answer, brush, clean, cross, crowd, wave, wish, work, dance, doubt, dress, end, fight, help, hope, joke, laugh, lift, light, love, mind, paper, pencil, place, plan, play, post, reply, report, return, sail, show.

Ex. 12. Переведите на русский язык. Выделите словообразующие элементы. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова:

React, reaction, reactor, reactivity; science, scientific, scientist; industry, industrial, industrious; cold, coldly, coldness; dark, darkness, darken; happy, happily, happiness, unhappy; equal, equally, unequal, equality; free, freedom, freely; attention, attentive, attentively; sun, sunny, sunless; care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessness; to differ, different, difference, indifferent; England, English, Englishman; fame, famous.

Ex. 13. Переведите следующие сложные слова:

Airport, armchair, bathroom, bedroom, bookcase, bookshelf, classroom, custom-house, dining-room, drawing-room, fireplace, folksong, gentleman, hairbrush, icebox, newspaper, notebook, postcard, post-office, raincoat, sportsman, sunshine, writing-table.

Ex. 14. Прочтите следующие пары слов, соблюдая ударения. Переведите их:

An accent — to accent, a contract — to contract, a content — to content, a contest — to contest, a convoy — to convoy, a convict — to convict, a perfect — to perfect, a record — to record.

Ex. 15. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова:

1. Не works as a teacher. 2. I saw one of his works at the exhibition. 3. I was waiting for your report . 4. They report the results of their experiment every Monday. 5. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment. 6. You’ll make progress if you work hard. 7. He thought about his new work . 8. I have a present for you. 9. I am busy at present . 10. He presented me with a book.

Ex. 16. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов. Определите части речи. Дайте начальную форму. Переведите слова:

Powerful, inventor, high-quality, network, demoralize, profitable, dislike, disagree, movement, shorten, incorrect, electricity, fruitful, fruitless, happiness, dangerous, noisy, sunny, rainy, badly, strongly, reading, teaching, rebuild, retell, leader, teacher, unhappy, unusual, translation, cooperation, schoolboy, icebreaker.

Ex. 17. Напишите сложные существительные, исходя из объяснений.

Например: A machine for drying hair – hair drier.

1. A thing for opening tins — . . 2. A machine for playing records — . . 3. A machine for mixing food — . . 4. A thing that times eggs (when they are boiling) — . . 5. Things for warming people’s legs — . . 6. Stuff that kills flies — . . 7. A liquid that removes paint — . . 8. A tool that opens bottles — . . 9. A thing for peeling potatoes — . . 10. A liquid for removing eye makeup — . . 11. Stuff for freshening the air — . .

Ex. 18. Напишите словосочетания по модели число+ существительное+существительное (! не забывайте что число и первое существительное соединяется дефисом и что это существительное обычно стоит в единственном числе)

Например: a walk lasting for three miles – a three-mile walk.

1. A girl who has just celebrated her sixteenth birthday — . . 2. A flight lasting for ten hours — . . 3. A note that is worth twenty pounds — . . 4. A language course that lasts four weeks — . . 5. A drive that takes three hours — . . 6. A meal that consists of three courses — . . 7. A holiday that lasts two weeks — . . 8. A delay at the airport that went on for two hours — . . 9. A letter that goes on for ten pages — . . 10. A university course that takes three years — . . 11. A prison sentence of ten years — . . 12. A hotel with five stars — . . 13. A speed limit of 30 miles an hour — . . 14. A house that was built two hundred years ago — . .

Ex. 19. Распределите прилагательные по трем группам: 1) люди, 2) места, 3) вещи:

Obstinate, unspoilt, hand-made, waterproof, easy-going, breathtaking, aggressive, deserted, overgrown, overcrowded, cunning, picturesque, arrogant, long-lasting, spoilt, automatic, accurate, artificial.

Ex. 20. Выберите слово с нужным по смыслу префиксом или суффиксом.

1. I know Jim Kerry is very popular but I find him totally childish / childlike . 2. I couldn’t work out whom the letter was from. The signature was childish / childlike. 3. Sarah is so childish / childlike . She always plays trick on her friends. 4. It was wonderful to watch the tiny lambs playing. I got such childish / childlike pleasure from the experience. 5. Sophie is extremely sensitive / sensible at the moment. Anything you say seems to upset her. 6. Karen is not a very sensitive / sensible person. She wore high-heeled shoes for our four-mile walk. 7. I’ve never known her to tell a lie. She’s a very true / truthful person. 8. I can never watch sad films that are based on true / truthful a story. They always make me cry. 9. Susan is so intolerable / intolerant of other people. She never accepts anyone else’s opinion, and she always thinks she knows best. 10. I find Mark’s behaviour intolerable / intolerant . It’s unfair to be so selfish. 11. We’re having an economic / economical crisis at the moment. James has lost his job and I don’t know how we are going to pay the rent. 12. It’s more economic / economical to drive slowly. You can do a lot more miles to the gallop.

Ex. 21. Подберите к каждой тройке слов такое, чтобы с его помощью образовать составные существительные, используйте слова: board, green, paper, book, birthday, blood, rain, site, road, sports, ice, water, day, night, hand, case, sun, bag .

Например: camp. building. bomb. – campsite, building site, bomb-site.

1. . test, . pressure, . donor. 2. . fall, . melon, . skiing. 3. . house, . grocer, . salad. 4. . club, . mare, . shift. 5. brief. suit. book. . 6. paper. plastic. shoulder. . 7. . bow, . coat, . drop. 8. . shine, . rise, . set. 9. . works, . sign, . rage. 10. black. floor. notice. . 11. . light, . break, . dream. 12. . shake, . writing, . book. 13. . cube, . berg, . rink. 14. . cake, . present, . card. 15. . scape, . lady, . slide. 16. . car, . center, . ground. 17. address. visitor’s. note. .

Ex. 22. Дополните предложения сложными существительными в скобках (это могут быть и составные существительные, и существительные в притяжательном падеже в простой или аналитической форме).

1. Your coat is on the . (back, chair). 2. You’ve just spilt the . (milk, cat). 3. Can you buy some . (paper, toilet). 4. I never listened to my . (advise, parents). 5. Can you buy a . (wine, bottle) to have with supper? 6. What did that . (road, sigh) say? Did you see it? 7. It’s such a mess in here. There are empty . (wine, bottles) everywhere. 8. The . (Prime Minister, duties) include entertaining heads of the state. 9. The . (my shoe, heel) has come off. 10. Can I borrow your . (brush, hair)? 11. What happened at the . (film, end)? 12. Here is . (today, news). 13. Where is the nearest . (Metro, station)? 14. It’s my . (anniversary, parents, wedding) next week. 15. The . (company, success) is due to its efficiency. 16. I’ve got a . (fortnight, holiday) next month. 17. The . (government, economic policy) is confusing. 18. My children go to the local . (school, state). 19. The annual . (rate, inflation) is about 4 percent. 20. Are there any . (coffee, cups) in your bedroom? There are none in the kitchen. 21. Do you want a . (coffee, cup)?

Ex. 22. Заполните пропуски глаголом или существительным: advice – to advise, use – to use, abuse – to abuse, belief – to believe, relief – to relieve, grief – grieve, excuse – to excuse, breath – to breathe, half – to halve, house – to house, safe – to save, bath – to bathe .

1. It is my personal . that this man is innocent. 2. Let me listen to your chest. Take a deep . and say “Ah”. 3. You should put your valuables in the . . 4. Drug . is a terrible problem all over the world. 5. I know it isn’t good for my skin, but I love sun . . 6. I’ve been so worried about you! It’s such a . to see you at last! 7. “What are we going to do with this cake?” “Cut it in two. You take . and I’ll take . .” 8. Can you show me how to . this new coffee machine? 9. The refugees are . in temporary accommodation. 10. She apologizes for her behavior, and said it was because she’d had a busy day, but that’s no . for breaking all the plates. 11. People need time to . after the death of someone they love. 12. Take my . . Never marry for money. Marry for love.

Ex. 22. Напишите слово противоположное по значению, используя префикс

Kind, honest, credible, appear, fair, equal, pleased, continue, fasten, normal, employed, friendly, trust, professional, known, cover, safe, use, probable, important, emotional.

8th grade — Prefix and Suffix Grade/level: Grade 8 by ryro97	5th Prefixes — Suffixes ok II Grade/level: 5th by CarlosSparedes	Exercises prefix- suffix Grade/level: pre-intermediate by RodolfoDaniel
Affixes Grade/level: B2 by alvarols2203	Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: preintermediate by missangelesi	Prefix and suffix Grade/level: pre-intermediate by RodolfoDaniel
Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: pre — intermediate by natippers	B1 PREFIXES and SUFFIXES Grade/level: B1 intermediate by florenceconrard	Prefix& suffix Grade/level: 5 by LUBNA_HUSSAIN
5th Prefixes — Suffixes OK Grade/level: 5th by CarlosSparedes	Prefixes and suffixes listening Grade/level: Pre intermediate by sdperezr27	B2 Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: B2 ADVANCED by florenceconrard
C1 Word Formation Prefix and Suffix Grade/level: C1 by mayumeche	Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: PRE-INTERMEDIATE by jfasilveira	Prefixes and suffixes 2 Grade/level: 7th by AbbyCuamatzi
Prefixes and Suffixes Grade/level: Grade 3 by karun	Preffixes and Suffixes Grade/level: 8th grade by pedrosa_arthurb	Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: Pre-Intermediate, Intermediate by Aureliana
Negative suffixes Grade/level: quinto de primaria by Miss_Monica_Salcedo	Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: grade 3 by karun	Word formation exercise Grade/level: LEVEL 8 by JessKatsu
Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: PRE-INTERMEDIATE by jfasilveira	Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: Grade 3 by karun	Skills 4 page 133 Grade/level: Skills 4 by sabreenNasir
prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: 9 by AbbyCuamatzi	Vocabulary Grade/level: 7 by VennilaRajendran	The Entrance exam Vocabulary section Grade/level: 12th grade by bujidmaa
Prefixes and Suffixes Grade/level: Upper by SolomiyaHumetska	Prefix and suffix Grade/level: pre-entermidiate by rizza2022	SUFFIXES Grade/level: CAE 3 by Marverar_
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES Grade/level: CAE 3 by Marverar_	Prefixes and Suffixes Grade/level: Grade 7 by CHOODESH	Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: 6 by Yolanda_Frutos
Prefixes and Suffixes Grade/level: 5 by lmcg89	Page 75 Grade/level: 6 by Yolanda_Frutos	Unit 2a The eyes have it , class 7 from English textbook DAHLIA JCERTComprehension check Grade/level: class 7 by MdEjazulHaque
Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: Tercero Primaria by MarthaFL	Prefixes and Suffixes tree Grade/level: Pre- Intermediate by sdperezr27	Prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: Hich school by mirandella
Suffixes and prefixes Grade/level: 6to by Unaepracticum	Word formation Grade/level: Grade 6 by Carnation112	Word formation Grade/level: Intermediate by StudyRoom
Final quiz Grade/level: CAE 3 by Marverar_	Prefixes and Suffixes Grade/level: 5th-8th by Melspati	Prefix and suffix Grade/level: Grade-9 by Divyakumaran
Fifth GTA 2. II-2021 Grade/level: 5 by jonnathanem	B2-C1 prefixes and suffixes Grade/level: B2/C1 ADVANCED by florenceconrard	Prefixes and Suffixes Grade/level: Bachillerato by ccgt09

Саюкова Наталья Александровна
учитель английского языка
НОУ ООЦ «Школа» г. Тольятти

В последнее время перед учителями российских школ возникла необходимость эффективной подготовки к ЕГЭ. Все языковые экзамены направлены на контроль эффективности коммуникации в устной и письменной речи. Это предполагает наличие в них заданий на контроль навыков аудирования, чтения, говорения, письма и лексико-грамматических заданий. Особую сложность у выпускников наших школ вызывает раздел по словообразованию.В своей педагогической практике при подготовке к ЕГЭ я использовала следующие таблицы с прификсами и суффиксами для определенных частей речи, упражнения и тестовые задания. Я надеюсь, что учителям английского языка, работающим в выпускных классах эти материалы окажутся полезными при подготовке к ЕГЭ и к другим существующим международным и национальным экзаменам по иностранному языку.

WORD FORMATION
PREFIXES

(1) PREFIXES WITH NEGATIVE MEANING

These prefixes change the meaning of the word from positive to negative:

Un –	equal fair important official	unequal unfair unimportant unofficial
In —	ability adequate capable comparable	in ability in adequate in capable in comparable
Im – (before -m and -p)	mobile measurable patient possible	immobile immeasurable impatient impossible
Dis —	order advantage honest	disorder disadvantage dishonest
il – (before l)	legal logical BUT! limited likable	illegal illogical unlimited unlikable
Ir – (before r)	regular resolute	irregular irresolute
Mis —	fortune trust	misfortune mistrust
Non —	sense resistance	nonsense nonresistance

PRACTICE

Exercise 1. PREFIXES WITH NEGATIVE MEANING.

Complete each word with prefixes in-, un-,ir-,il-,dis.

1. I am afraid that the world is full of ___ justice.

2. ___ agreements about causes of this disease seem likely to continue for many years.

3. Discrimination in hiring is ___ legal.

4. Thank you for your help. It was ___ valuable.

5. The ___ armament Conference will be held in Geneva.

6. The amount of food aid the country received is quite ___ sufficient.

7. The garden is divided into ___ equal parts.

8. Your passport is ___ valid. The date expired two month ago.

9. Why are you so ___ sensitive to other people’s problems?

10. One ___ advantage of city living is high cost.

11. I can’t believe this is happening. This is so ___ fair.

12. The newspapers depicted her as a greedy,___ responsible betrayer of the truth.

13. The teacher expressed ___ satisfaction with the work of our committee.

14. Everything is possible. The ___ possible just takes longer.

15. Good answers don’t always come quickly. So don’t be too ___ patient.

16. I was so frustrated because my dad was ___ willing to see my problems through my eyes.

(2) OTHER PREFIXES

Mis – (со значением неправильно, неверно)	misinterpretation misunderstanding misusage misuse	неверное истолкование недоразумение плохое обращение неправильное использование
Under – (со значением недостаточно)	undernutrition underproduction undersupply undereducated	недостаточное питание недопроизводство недостаточное снабжение не имеющий достаточного образования
Pre – (со значением перед, ранее; соответствует в русском языке приставке пред-)	precaution predecessor prediction preface prehistoric	предосторожность предшественник предсказание предисловие доисторический
Post – (со значением после; соответствует в русском языке приставке после-, пост-)	postglacial postwar Post-impressionism	послеледниковый период послевоенный постимпрессионизм
Anti – (соответствует в русском языке приставке анти-)	anticyclone antioxidant antidepressant antipode	антициклон антиоксидант антидепрессант антипод
Counter – (соответствует в русском языке приставке проти-, контр-, противо- )	counterforce countermeasure counterpropaganda counterclockwise	сила противодействия контрмера контрпропаганда против часовой стрелки
Co – (обозначает сотрудничество)	co-education cooperation coexistence	совместное обучение сотрудничество сосуществование
Inter – (со значением между-, взаимо-)	interaction interdependence/cy international interdisciplinary	взаимодействие взаимозависимость международный междисциплинарный
Ex – (соответствует приставке экс -, бывший)	ex-husband ex-wife ex-champion ex-president	бывший (экс-) муж бывшая (экс-) жена бывший (экс-) чемпион бывший (экс-) президент
Ultra – (со значением ультра-, сверх-)	ultrasound ultramodern ultraviolet ultrasonic	ультразвук ультрасовременный ультрафиолетовый сверхзвуковой, ультразвуковой
Sub – (соответствует в русском языке приставке под-, суб-)	subcommittee subconsciousness subculture submarine	подкомитет подсознание субкультура подводная лодка
Over – (со значением сверх-, чрезмерно-)	overproduction overestimate overcharge	перепроизводство слишком высокая оценка слишком высокая цена

SUFFIXES

(1) NOUN-building suffixes:

-ty (образует существительные от прилагательных)	social (общественный) stupid (глупый) certain (определенный) able (способный) equal (равный)	society (общество) stupidity (глупость) certainty (определенность) ability (способность) equality (равенство)
-ion (-ation, -tion, -sion, -ssion) (образует существительные от глаголов)	suggest (предлагать) combine (комбинировать) elect (избирать) include (включать) transmit (передавать)	suggestion (предложение) combination (комбинация) election (выборы) inclusion (включение) transmission (передача)
-er,-or (присоединяется к глаголам для обозначения действующего лица)	produce (производить) lead (вести) build (строить) govern (управлять) direct (направлять)	producer (производитель) leader (ведущий, лидер) builder (строитель) governor (губернатор) director (директор)
-ee (служит для обозначения лица, на которое направлено действие)	train (тренировать(ся), обучать(ся)) address (адресовать) employ (нанимать)	trainee (практикант, стажер) addressee (адресат) employee (служащий)
-ness (образует существительное от прилагательных)	bitter (горький) sick (больной) aware (осведомленный) near (близкий) weak (слабый)	bitterness (горечь) sickness (болезнь) awareness (осведомленность) nearness (близость) weakness (слабость)
-ian, -an, -n (для обозначения профессии, национальной принадлежности)	history (история) library (библиотека) Canada (Канада)	historian (историк) librarian (библиотекарь) Canadian (канадец)
-ist (как и в русском языке для обозначения принадлежности к политическому или научному направлению и др.)	social (социальный) science (наука) method (метод) tour (тур)	socialist (социалист) scientist (ученый) methodist (методист) tourist (турист)
-ment (образует существительные от глаголов)	announce (объявлять) advertise (рекламировать) place (размещать) arrange (организовывать) require (требовать)	announcement (объявление) advertisement (реклама) placement (размещение) arrangement (мероприятие) requirement (требование)
-ance or ence (образует существительные от глаголов)	occur (случаться) exist (существовать) persist (настаивать) assure (уверять) appear (появляться)	occurrence (случай) existence (существование) persistence (настойчивость) assurance (заверение) appearance (появление)
-age (обычно образует существительные от глаголов)	marry (жениться) pass (проходить)	marriage (брак) passage (проход)
-ure (образует существительные от глаголов)	depart (уезжать) please (доставлять удовольствие) press (давить)	departure (отъезд) pleasure (удовольствие) pressure (давление)
-dom (образует существительные от прилагательных и существительных)	free (свободный) wise (мудрый) king (король) bore (скучный человек)	freedom (свобода) wisdom (мудрость) kingdom (королевство) boredom (скука)
-hood м(обычно образует существительные от других существительных)	brother (брат) man (мужчина) mother (мать) neighbor (сосед) adult (взрослый)	brotherhood (братство) manhood (мужественность) motherhood (материнство) neighborhood (соседство) adulthood (зрелость)
-ship (образует существительные от других существительных)	citizen (гражданин) dictator (диктатор) owner (владелец)	citizenship (гражданство) dictatorship (диктатура) ownership (собственность, право собственности)
-ism (образует абстрактные имена существительные, ср. –изм в русском языке)	profession (профессия) individuality (индивидуальность) journalist (журналист)	professionalism (профессионализм) individualism (индивидуализм) journalism (журнализм)
-th образует сущ. от прилагательных)	warm (теплый) long (длинный) wide (широкий) young (молодой)	warmth (теплота) length (длина) width (ширина) youth (молодость)

PRACTICE

Exercise 2. NOUN-building suffixes.
Complete each sentence with the words which end in –ance, -ence, -ment, -tion, -ness.

1. Dan continued to write the essay after midnight. This ___ of writing was necessary for him.

2. Schools usually place new students in different English classes depending on their English abilities. The students’ ___ depends on the scores they get on an English test.

3. President Abraham Lincoln declared Thanksgiving a national holyday. He made this happy ___ in 1864.

4. Television stations announce news. They interrupt programs to make important ___ as soon as they receive the news.

5. Winnie and Loretta are good friends. They are very close and tell each other everything. Their ___ will continue for many years.

6. Scientists are working to develop a cure for all kinds of cancer. The ___ of a cure will be welcome all around the world.

7. There were several ___ of Janet’s illness before she began to get well. Then her illness occurred again, and she was very unhappy.

8. Jason is my best friend. He always encourages me when I have a difficult problem. In fact, his ___ has helped me to succeed many times.

9. For centuries no one could prove the ___ of the ninth planet. Then in 1930 Clyde Tombaugh proved that Plato existed when he located it through a telescope.

10. Edward assured me enough that the plane travel was safe. In spite of all his ___ , I was very frightened on my first plane trip.

11. Alice went to doctor because she had ___ in her leg. The doctor told her that she felt weak because she didn’t exercise enough.

12. My dad wanted me to be aware of the heavy traffic on the highway. My ___ of driving conditions saved me a lot of times.

Exercise 3. NOUN-building suffixes.

Complete each word so that it ends in -hood, -ship, -dom, -ness, -ty.

1. A true friend ___ lasts throughout life.

2. After ten years in prison Paul was given his free ___.

3. Repetition of ads on TV has an incredible effect on the popular ___ of the product.

4. I spend most of my child ___ playing computer games.

5. It is very unlikely that someone could penetrate the U.S. military secure ___ system.

(2) ADJECTIVE-building suffixes:

Many adjectives do not have particular endings (young, old, pretty, etc.). However, there are some common endings for adjectives formed from nouns and verbs.

-able, -ible	changeable acceptable horrible responsible	-ar	popular regular similar
-ent, -ant	consistent confident distant resistant	-ate	passionate literate (illiterate) obstinate
-like	businesslike ladylike	-ist	racist journalist
-al	central cultural natural	-ary	imaginary legendary revolutionary
-esque	picturesque grotesque	-ive	attentive sensitive competitive
-ious, -ous	victorious dangerous glorious spacious	-some	troublesome lonesome tiresome
-ly	friendly timely dailyм weakly	-ic/-ical	heroic tragic historical economical
-y	lucky dirty cloudy healthy	-ish	boyish reddish Swedish foolish
-ful	successful useful purposeful doubtful	-ory	contradictory compulsory introductory
-less	jobless hopeless careless useless	-an, -ian	Mexican Russian Indian Scandinavian

Exercise 4. ADJACTIVE-building suffixes.
Fill in an appropriate adjective derived from the given word.

1. He had a very ___ career. success

2. He is quite ___ when making up his mind. decide

3. The solution was positively ___ . ingenuity

4. The ___ burden of running a place like this is really great. finance

5. Windsor Castle is a ___ residence, situated not far from London. luxury

6. The Castle is located in a very ___ place. picture

7. ___ chatting with a friend is not the best way to prepare for the examination. Mind

8. It is ___ inviting Barry to the party as he is so busy. worth

9. Can’t you see she is ___ after being up all night. edge

10. His words were ___ but his look became grave. play

11. Ghana is a ___ country of thick ___ forests and great beaches. color, tropics

12. The person I’m thinking of is ___ , ___ and accurate. observe, inquire

PROGRESS TEST (Word Formation)

Choose the correct item.

1. The Roosevelts spent a year in Europe traveling about, seeing ___ sights, visiting museums. (history)

2. If Teddy wanted a ___ career, he would have to go abroad for three years of study. (science)

3. He learned that ___ is a matter of give and take. (policy)

4. The Labor Party had nominated a popular and ___ leader. (power)

5. While running for presidency he made three to five ___ every day. (speak)

6. People loved their new president for his ___ . (young)

7. He started on his biggest and most ___ project. (success)

8. He described ___ deeds of American people. (hero)

9. They were ideal parents because they had ___ patience, love for children and the home life. (end)

10. In the 19th century there was ___ in London, homelessness and all attendant problems associated with big cities. (poor)

11. He had come to England shortly after the ___ of his mother. (dead)

12. This new CD tower system is attractive and ___ . (style)

13. Each evening Julia would surf through the World Wide Web in at all the information available. (amaze)

14. When a boy found a lizard he measured the total ___ of its tail with his ruler. (long)

15. We found the script ___ , and we enjoyed the dialogue between the main characters very much. (fascinate)

16. The water in many lakes and rivers is ___ . As a result, it needs to be cleaned before people can drink it. (pure)

17. ___ in large multinational companies have excellent career opportunities if they are willing to travel. (employ)

18. From this spot, we travel through ___ , rolling country to Gettysburg, a town of historic interest. (picture)

19. His dream was to become the world’s greatest ___ . (biology)

20. The lack of knowledge or reliance upon ___ is harmful. (information)

21. The population ___ in this area is very low. (dense)

22. Such kind of behavior only seems ___ . (logical)

23. The theme of his report was ___ for war. (ready)

24. On the yacht we’ve often seen passengers talking in whispers and exchanging packages. (mystery)