Word blending meaning of

Blendings
(blends,
fusions or
portmanteau
words) may
be defined as formation that combine two words and include the
letters or sounds they have in common as a connecting element:

bio (logical) +
(electro)nic →
bionic

wash +
(caf)eteria →
washeteria

sk(ateboard) +
(s)urfing →
skurflng

slim+gymnastics →
slimnastics;

miserable+flimsy →
mimsy;

gallop+triumph →
galumph;

new+utopia →
neutopia

UA. банківський
+ автомат
→ банкомат

The process of formation is
also called telescoping.
The analysis into immediate constituents is
helpful in
so far as it permits the definition of a blend as a word with the
first constituent represented by a stem whose final part may be
missing, and the second constituent by a stem of which the initial
part is missing. The second constituent when used in a series of
similar blends may turn into a suffix. A new suffix -on
is, for
instance, well under way in such terms as nylon,
rayon, formed
from the final element of cotton.

Depending
upon the prototype phrases with which they can be correlated two
types of blends can be distinguished. One may be termed additive,
the second restrictive.
Both involve the sliding together not only of sound but of meaning as
well. Yet the semantic relations which are at work are different.

The
additive type,
is transformable into a phrase consisting of the respective complete
stems combined by the conjunction and:

smoke
and
fog
→ smog − a
mixture of smoke and fog.

The elements may be
synonymous, belong to the same semantic field or at least be members
of the same lexico-grammatical class of words:

French+English
→ Frenglish;

smoke+haze
→ smaze;

Panjab+Afghania+Kashmir+Singh+Baluchistan
→ Pakistan;

breakfast
and
lunch
→ brunch

transmitter
and
receiver
→ transceiver

The
restrictive type
is transformable into an attributive phrase where the
first element serves as modifier of the second:

cine(matographic
pano) rama
→ cinerama.

medical
care → medicare

positive
electron → positron

television
broadcast → telecast

An
interesting variation of the same type is presented by cases of
superposition,
formed by pairs of words having similar clusters of sounds which seem
to provoke blending:

motorists’
hotel →motel;

sham
bamboo (imitation
bamboo) →
shamboo;

slang
+language
→ slanguage;

spiced ham → spam.

Blends,
although not very numerous altogether, seem to be on the rise,
especially in terminology and also in trade advertisements:
Reaganomics»
Irangate, blackspiloitation, workaholic, foodoholic, scanorama etc..

7.2. Back-formation.

Back-formation
(also
called reversion)
is a term borrowed from
diachronic linguistics. It denotes the derivation of new words by
subtracting a real or supposed affix from existing words through
misinterpretation of their structure.

The earliest examples of
this type of word-building are the verb to
beg that
was made from the French borrowing beggar,
to burgle from
burglar, to
cobble from
cobbler. In
all these cases the verb was made from the noun by subtracting what
was mistakenly associated with the English suffix -er.
The
pattern of the type to
work —
worker was
firmly established in the subconscious of English-speaking people at
the time when these formations appeared, and it was taken for granted
that any noun denoting profession or occupation is certain to have a
corresponding verb of the same root. So, in the case of the verbs to
beg, to burgle, to cobble the
process was reversed: instead of a noun made from a verb by
affixation (as in
painter from
to paint),
a verb was
produced from a noun by subtraction. That is why this type of
word-building received the name of back-formation
or
reversion.

Later examples of
back-formation are to butle
from
butler, to
baby-sit from
baby-sitter,
to force-land from
forced
landing, to blood-transfuse from
blood-transfuing.

Back formation is mostly
active in compound verbs, and is combined with word-composition. The
basis of this type of word-building are compound words and
word-combinations having verbal nouns, gerunds, participles or other
derivative nouns as their second component (rush-development,
finger-printing, well-wisher).
These compounds and word-combinations are wrongly considered to be
formed from compound verbs which are nonexistent in reality. This
gives a rise to such verbs as; to
rush-develop, to finger-print, to well-wish.

Structural
changes taking place in back-formation became possible because of
semantic changes that preceded them. The change of meaning resulted
in demotivation, and this paved the way for phonic changes, i.e.
assimilation, loss of sound and the like, which in their turn led to
morphemic alternations that became meaningful. Semantic changes often
influence the morphological structure by modifying the relations
between stems and derivational affixes. Structural changes, in their
turn, depend on the combined effect of demotivation and analogy
conditioned by a higher frequency of occurrence of the pattern that
serves as model. Provided all other conditions are equal, words
following less frequent structural patterns are readily subjected to
changes on the analogy of more frequent patterns.

The
very high frequency of the pattern verb
stem+-er
(or
its equivalents) is a matter of common knowledge.

Back-formation
may be also based on the analogy of inflectional forms as testified
by the singular nouns pea
and
cherry.
Pea (the
plural of which is peas
and
also pease)
is
from ME pese<OE
pise, peose<Lat pisa, pl.
of pesum.
The
ending -s
being
the most frequent mark of the plural in English, English speakers
thought that sweet
peas(e) was
a plural and turned the combination peas(e)
soup into
pea
soup. Cherry is
from OFr cerise,
and
the -se
was
dropped for exactly the same reason.

The
most productive type of back-formation in
present-day English is
derivation of
verbs
from
compounds that have either -er
or
-ing
as
their last element:

thought-reading
n
→ thought-reader
n
→ thought-read
v;

air-conditioning
n
→ air-conditioner
n
→
air-condition
v;

turbo-supercharger
n.
→
turbo-supercharge
v

Other
examples of back-formations from compounds
are the verbs baby-sit,
beachcomb, house-break, house-clean, house-keep,
red-bait, tape-record etc.

The
semantic relationship between the prototype and the derivative is
regular. Baby-sit,
for
example, means to act or become employed as a baby-sitter, that is to
take care of children for short periods of time while the parents are
away from home.

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[‘blendɪŋ]

1) Общая лексика: купажирование, составление смесей , блендинг

2) Авиация: постановка зализа

3) Военный термин: устранение контрастности, слияние с фоном

4) Техника: блендирование, гомогенизация, добавление присадок , компаундирование, перемешивание однородных компонентов, плавный переход, размешивание, составление шихты, шихтование, шихтовка

5) Химия: введение добавок, смешивающий

6) Строительство: дозировка по зерновому составу, дозировка по фракциям, перемешивание, смешивание

7) Математика: стыковка

Лингвистика: контаминация

9) Автомобильный термин: смешивание

10) Металлургия: добавка присадок, добавление скрапа в шихту, скругление , смешивающийся, усреднение

11) Текстиль: составление смески

12) Нефть: дозирование, смесительный, смешивание

13) Иммунология: межрасовый гибрид

14) Биотехнология: измельчение

15) Пищевая промышленность: купаж

16) Машиностроение: плавное сопряжение

17) Энергетика: подмешивание горячего воздуха, подмешивание горячего воздуха от компрессора

18) Бурение: смешение

19) Нефтегазовая техника смешивание различных сортов нефти

20) Полимеры: комбинирование, меланжирование, смесь

21) Автоматика: плавный переход , плавное сопряжение

22) Пластмассы: составление смеси

23) Макаров: введение присадок, переход, переходной, переходящий, промежуточный, смешивание различных компонентов, соединение, соединительный, соединяющий, сопряжение, сочленение, стыковочный, уплотнение , добавление присадок , валка

24) Золотодобыча: шихтовка руды

25) Электрохимия: уплотнение агломератной массы

1	0   0 The skillful combining of movements in a smooth and natural manner.

2	0   0 blending Wines are blended for many reasons. To make a more harmonious or complex wine, wines with complementary attributes may be blended. For example, a wine with low acidity may be blended with a high-acid [..]

3	0   0 blending The mixing together of different batches of beer to create a final product.

4	0   0 blending Making a neologism by taking two or more existing expressions and shortening at least one of them. Examples include such as smog (from smoke and fog), motel (from motor and hotel), and brunch (from br [..]

5	0   0 blending The process of mixing lubricants or components for the purpose of obtaining the desired physical and/or chemical properties (see compounding)

6	0   0 blending n. in linguistics, refers to the process of creating a wholly-new term by combining the first part of one word with the end of a second one (e.g. brunch for breakfast and lunch) or by combining the be [..]

7	0   0 blending The process of combining 2 words to make one. See portmanteau neologism.

8	0   0 blending Preparation method that combines ingredients with a spoon, beater or liquefier to achieve a uniform mixture.

9	0   0 blending Refers to the proper positioning of adjacent veneer panels, or floor slabs, or tiles by their predominant color to achieve an overall uniform pattern.

10	0   0 blending Preparation method that combines ingredients with a spoon, beater or liquefier to achieve a uniform mixture.

11	0   0 blending (n) the act of blending components together thoroughly(n) a gradation involving small or imperceptible differences between grades

12	0   0 blending The proper positioning of adjacent floor slabs, or tiles, by their predominant color.

13	0   0 blending Mixing aged wines with more mature wines.

14

0   0 blending When you put 2 or more different batches of beer to create a final product.  Rarely done in mass production as it all tastes the same but when a brewer is using the raw ingredients the end product varies because the ingredients vary e.g. a crop of hops may taste different from one month to the next.

15	0   0 blending The mixing of two or more different parcels of wine together by winemakers to produce a consistent finished wine that is ready for bottling. Laws generally dictate what wines can be blended together, [..]

16	0   0 blending see CO-MINGLING .

17	0   0 blending Combining parts of a spoken word into a whole representation of the word. For example, /p/ /oo/ /l/ can be blended together to form the word POOL.

18	0   0 blending a painting method used to disperse color to adjacent panels in such a way that a mis-match in color is undectable. Once the color has been blended to adjacent panels, a clear coat is applied to the panel.

19	0   0 blending Culinary Uses Blending is a mixing method of two or more ingredients are combined just until fully incorporated.

20	0   0 blending the mixing together of different batches of beer to create a final product

21	0   0 blending  – Mixing of several products to form one product.

22

0   0 blending A process by which component and balance gases of a gas mixture are metered into a container. Blending process measurements (i.e. scale resolution, actual weight data, partial pressures, ACUBLEND™ response data) have sufficient resolution and accuracy to assure that components are in the required ratio to meet customer and Air Liquide specificati [..]

23	0   0 blending Synthetic phonics teaches children to blend independent sounds in order to arrive at the pronunciation for a printed word. The teacher does not pronounce the word because the point of blending is to a [..]

24

0   0 blending A process by which component and balance gases of a gas mixture are metered into a container. Blending process measurements (i.e. scale resolution, actual weight data, partial pressures, ACUBLEND™ response data) have sufficient resolution and accuracy to assure that components are in the required ratio to meet customer and Air Liquide specificati [..]

25	0   0 blending Smoothing the edges of two colors together so that they have a smooth gradation where they meet.

26	0   0 blending The mixing of two or more different wines together by winemakers to produce a consistent finished wine that is ready for bottling. Laws generally dictate what wines can be blended together, and what i [..]

27	0   0 blending The process of mixing two or more oils having different properties to obtain a product of intermediate properties.

28	0   0 blending Blending is most commonly used with reference to academic painting to mean the blending together of separate touches of color for half tones until the graduations of tone and the marks of the brush ar [..]

29	0   0 blending physical joining, combining neighbouring colours on canvas to reach escalation among single colours.

30	0   0 blending To merge one with an other in such a way that one is indistinguishable from the other.

31	0   0 blending Blending is the art of mixing different wines together so that their combination is more harmonious, interesting or attractive than any of the individual components. Blending may be carried out for di [..]

32	0   0 blending 1) A condition where two signals mix together to form one sound or to give the sound of one sound source or one performance. 2) Mixing the left and right signal together slightly which makes the instr [..]

33	0   0 blending thorough mixing of two compatible fuels having different properties to produce an intermediate fuel of certain properties

34	0   0 blending Blending may refer to: The process of mixing in process engineering Mixing paints to achieve a greater range of colors Blending (alcohol production), a technique to produce alcoholic beverages by mix [..]

35	0   0 blending Blending is a technique to produce wine or other alcoholic beverages such as gueuze consisting in mixing different brews. In the case of rosé wine production, it is one of the techniques used, consis [..]

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Learn More With These Definitions and Examples

Updated on February 05, 2020

A word blend is formed by combining two separate words with different meanings to form a new one. These words are often created to describe a new invention or phenomenon that combines the definitions or traits of two existing things. 

Word Blends and Their Parts

Word blends are also known as portmanteau (pronunciation port-MAN-toe), a French word meaning «trunk» or «suitcase.» Author Lewis Carroll is credited with coining this term in «Through the Looking-Glass,» published in 1871. In that book, Humpty Dumpty tells Alice about making up new words from parts of existing ones:

«You see it’s like a portmanteau—there are two meanings packed up into one word.»

There are different ways of creating word blends. One way is to combine portions of two other words to make a new one. These word fragments are called morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in a language. The word «camcorder,» for example,» combines parts of «camera» and «recorder.» Word blends can also be created by joining a full word with a portion of another word (called a splinter). For example, the word «motorcade» combines «motor» plus a portion of «cavalcade.»

Word blends can also be formed by overlapping or combining phonemes, which are parts of two words that sound alike. One example of an overlapping word blend is «Spanglish,» which is an informal mix of spoken English and Spanish. Blends can also be formed through the omission of phonemes. Geographers sometimes refer to «Eurasia,» the landmass that combines Europe and Asia. This blend is formed by taking the first syllable of «Europe» and adding it to the word «Asia.»

The Blend Trend

English is a dynamic language that is constantly evolving. Many of the words in the English language are derived from ancient Latin and Greek or from other European languages such as German or French. But starting in the 20th century, blended words began to emerge to describe new technologies or cultural phenomena. For instance, as dining out became more popular, many restaurants began serving a new weekend meal in the late morning. It was too late for breakfast and too early for lunch, so someone decided to make a new word that described a meal that was a little bit of both. Thus, «brunch» was born.

As new inventions changed the way people lived and worked, the practice of combining parts of words to make new ones became popular. In the 1920s, as traveling by car became more common, a new kind of hotel that catered to drivers emerged. These «motor hotels» quickly proliferated and became known as «motels.» In 1994, when a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel opened, connecting France and Great Britain, it quickly became known as the «Chunnel,» a word blend of «Channel» and «tunnel.»

New word blends are being created all the time as cultural and technological trends emerge. In 2018, Merriam-Webster added the word «mansplaining» to their dictionary. This blended word, which combines «man» and «explaining,» was coined to describe the habit that some men have of explaining things in a condescending manner.  

Examples

Here are some examples of word blends and their roots:

Blended word	Root word 1	Root word 2
agitprop	agitation	propaganda
bash	bat	mash
biopic	biography	picture
Breathalyzer	breath	analyzer
clash	clap	crash
docudrama	documentary	drama
electrocute	electricity	execute
emoticon	emotion	icon
fanzine	fan	magazine
frenemy	friend	enemy
Globish	global	English
infotainment	information	entertainment
moped	motor	pedal
pulsar	pulse	quasar
sitcom	situation	comedy
sportscast	sports	broadcast
staycation	stay	vacation
telegenic	television	photogenic
workaholic	work	alcoholic

В свое время мир потрясли новости о Brexit — выходе Великобритании из Европейского союза, и о распаде Brangelina – именно так называли одну из самых ярких голливудских пар, Брэда Питта и Анджелину Джоли.

События по своей сути схожие, а в чём же схожесть слов Brexit и Brangelina?

Оба слова образованы с помощью blending, т.е. комбинирования. Чаще всего берётся начальная часть первого слова, и к ней прибавляется конец второго. Таким образом, Brexit =Britain + Exit, Brangelina = Brad + Angelina.

Результат такого словослияния также называют словом-бумажником (portmanteau word). Самыми простыми образцами blend words являются, к примеру, brunch (breakfast + lunch), motel (motor + hotel), smog (smoke + fog), spork (spoon + fork), Internet (international + network).

Подобных слов в английском языке много, и количество их постоянно растёт, в частности, благодаря техническому прогрессу. Например, emoticon (emotion+icon), telethon (telephone+marathon), webinar (web+seminar), widget (window+gadget).

Также blending используется для названий различных вариантов английского языка: Runglish (Russian+English), Spanglish (Spanish+English), Globish (Global+English).

Иногда соединяются синонимы: mayhaps (maybe+perhaps), сhillax (chill+relax), humongous (huge+monstrous).

В общем, коротко и ясно, да и придумать такое слово может каждый, не нужно быть для этого Толстоевским. Кроме того, blending позволяет дать меткое название какому-либо явлению или событию. Мы подготовили для вас небольшой список из blend words с объяснением их значений:

 Beaulicious (beautiful+delicious) – что-то и вкусное, и красивое на вид

 Blook (book+blog) – книга, написанная блогером

 Docusoap (documentary+soap) – реалити шоу в стиле документальных фильмов

 Falloween (fall + Halloween) – первая часть осени, когда в магазинах полно товаров, связанных с Хэллоуином

 Flightmare (flight+nightmare) – неприятный полёт на самолёте

 Floordrobe (floor+wardrobe) – куча одежды на полу

 Frenemy (friend+enemy) – враг, притворяющийся другом

 Funemployed (fun+unemployed) – безработный, наслаждающийся своим положением и весело проводящий время

 Jumbrella (jumbo+umbrella) – зонт, устанавливающийся над столиками в кафе

 Staycation (stay home + vacation) – проведение отпуска дома

 Trashion (trash+fashion) – модные вещи, сделанные из чего-то старого, использованного, переработанного