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Words

Words are but the images of matter… to fall in love with them is all one as to fall in love with a picture. (Bacon, 1878, p. 120)

Chamberlin, Tracy, Dewey, Binet and others have shown that the child’s symbols are action-words, i.e., their content is action. There is also practically universal agreement on the fact that the first symbols of the child are in reality word-sentences designating action and object or subject, or all three at once. (Markey, 1928, p. 50)

The child can very readily learn at the age of three that «right» and «left» each refers to a side of the body-but ah me, which one?… What is set up first is a conceptual organization. By the age of six the word «right» clearly and immediately means sidedness to the child. A considerable conceptual elaboration has already occurred, and the stimulus effectively arouses that structure; but it arouses no prompt, specific response…. With such facts, it becomes nonsense to explain man’s conceptual development as exclusively consisting of verbal associations. (Hebb, 1949, p. 118)

The use of language is not confined to its being the medium through which we communicate ideas to one another…. Words are the instrument by which we form all our abstractions, by which we fashion and embody our ideas, and by which we are enabled to glide along a series of premises and conclusions with a rapidity so great as to leave in memory no trace of the successive steps of this process; and we remain unconscious of how much we owe to this. (Roget, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 197)

Any attempt at a philosophical arrangement under categories of the words of our language must reveal the fact that it is impossible to separate and circumscribe the several groups by absolutely distinct boundaries. Were we to disengage their interwoven ramifications, and seek to confine every word to its main or original meaning, we should find some secondary meaning has become so firmly associated with many words and phrases, that to sever the alliance would be to deprive our language of the richness due to an infinity of natural adaptations. (Roget, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 206)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Words

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AT

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at

e-m

, to rush at, assault;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

2) for, as;

3) by;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja

e-t

e-m

, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at

e-m

, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at leyfi

e-s

, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

B. with

acc.

, after, upon (= eptir);

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa

e-m

at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

rel. pron.

, who, which, that (= er);

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (

viz.

hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an

int. pron.

adv.

;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

and að,

prep.

, often used

ellipt.

dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the

mod.

pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in

Icel.

vellum

MSS.

of the 12th century,

e. g.

aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes,

e. g.

jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the

A. S.

þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular,

e. g.

atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with

dat.

; rarely with

acc.

; and sometimes

ellipt.

—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with

gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION;

gener.

the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus

opp.

to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival,

esp.

connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi),

e. g.

fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (

i. e.

bowed down) towards S.,

Nj.

77,

Fms.

xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A.,

Nj.

220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over,

Ld.

132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him,

Nj.

58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters,

id.

; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum,

Fms.

i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea,

Bárð.

180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land,

Ld.

38,

Fms.

viii. 358; ríða at dyrum,

Boll.

344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at,

Fms.

vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man,

Grág.

ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low,

Eg.

426,

Nj.

117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die,

Njarð.

378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander,

Nj.

87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street,

Korm.

228,

Fms.

vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice,

Skálda

198,

Fms.

vii. 19, 246, viii. 168,

Eb.

112 new

Ed.

(á is

perh.

wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge,

Fas.

i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field,

Lex. Poët.

; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth,

Grág.

ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back,

Sks.

100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn,

etc.

β.

metaph.

, kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them,

Nj.

104.

Esp.

of weather, in the

impers.

phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog,

Bárð.

171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head,

Ld.

62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves,

Bs.

i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him,

Nj.

214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags,

id.

; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose,

Eg.

602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too,

Gísl.

71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight,

Eg.

602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body,

Eg.

719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti,

Ld.

152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body,

Eb.

264,

Landn.

56,

Ld.

142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him,

Nj.

104; stefna at sér liði,

Eg.

270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste,

Ld.

64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep,

Glúm.

362,

Nj.

75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep,

Ld.

240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking,

Dropl.

10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap,

Landn.

154,

Orkn.

416 (in a verse),

Nj.

25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents,

Eg.

516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering,

Fms.

vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests,

Nj.

50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table,

Eb.

266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one,

etc.

Fms.

xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help,

Grág.

ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr,

Eb.

Ld.

70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it,

Ld.

208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him,

Eg.

210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion,

esp.

of places,

cp. Lat.

spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland,

Fms.

i. 340,

Landn.

35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea,

Fms.

viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni,

Fms.

xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church,

Fms.

vii. 251, K. f). K. 16,

Ld.

328, Ísl. ii. 270,

Sks.

36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home,

Landn.

154; at landi,

Fms.

i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard,

Grág.

i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings,

id.

; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi,

freq.

in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits,

Nj.

; at þingi, present at the parliament,

Grág.

i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17,

Nj.

; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat,

Fms.

i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials,

Nj.

51,

Ld.

70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying,

Nj.

89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in,

Fms.

iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case,

Grág.

ii. 165,

Nj.

214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered,

Fms.

i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense,

Ld.

322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now

absol.

, vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it,

Landn.

258,

Grág.

Nj.

;

cp. Vkv.

31,

Gkv.

3. 3,

Hkv.

2. 29,

etc.

: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds,

Nj.

Grág.

; at görð,

Eg.

738; at svörum,

Grág.

i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used

ellipt.

, vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present,

Skálda

162; at várum þar,

Gísl.

(in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty,

Glúm.

388; vartattu at þar,

Eg.

(in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna,

Fms.

v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot,

Rd.

313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …,

Fms.

ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very

freq.

); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come?

Nj.

68,

Fms.

iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…,

Fms.

i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13,

Landn.

25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!,

Eg.

263:

cp.

the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home,

Hkr.

i. 34; at Joini,

Fms.

xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar,

Íb.

18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome,

Fbr.

198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1,

27), the

prep.

‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore

esp.

applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at,

e. g.

at Hofi (a temple),

Landn.

198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain),

Eb.

constantly so; at Mosfelli,

Landn.

190; at Hálsi (a hill),

Fms.

xi. 22; at Bjargi,

Grett.

90; Hálsum,

Landn.

143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá,

id.

; þverá,

Glúm.

323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall),

Landn.

73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli,

Nj.

; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill),

Landn.

70: the

prep.

‘á’ is now used in most of these cases,

e. g.

á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi,

etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum,

Landn.

Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door,

Eg.

88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn,

Fms.

ix. 475.

7. used

ellipt.

with a

gen.

esp.

if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar,

Nj.

4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda,

Grág.

i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home,

Eg.

371,

K. Þ. K.

62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja,

Eg.

603; at Ránar, at Ran’s,

i. e.

at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran,

Eb.

274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church,

Fms.

vi. 63:

cp.

ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning,

Ld.

104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last,

Lex. Poët.

, more

freq.

á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last,

Band.

3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly,

Eg.

267,

D. I.

i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272,

v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule,

Nj.

46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July,

Fms.

; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in,

Grág.

1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins,

Ld.

256,

Grág.

i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide,

Eg.

3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams,

Ver.

II; at sinni, now at once,

Fms.

vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June),

Ld.

182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution,

Grág.

i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted,

Nj.

106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts,

Eg.

253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide,

Fms.

viii. 306,

Orkn.

428; at hrörum, at an inquest,

Grág.

i. 50 (

cp.

ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet,

that word.

III.

ellipt.

, or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

ellipt.

, komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year,

Fas.

i. 516; at miðjum vetri,

Fms.

iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda,

Bárð.

177; at vári er kemr,

Dipl.

iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute

dat.

and with a

pres. part.

1. with

pres. part.

; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow,

Fms.

i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time,

Grág.

ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus,

Hkr.

i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all,

Fms.

x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past

part.

(

Lat.

abl.

absol.

); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found,

Grág.

ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past,

Band.

13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (

Lat.

quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto,

etc.

those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test,

Ld.

76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

ellipt.

without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done,

Eb.

132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong,

Gþl.

387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly,

Nj.

95,

Ld.

132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition,

Eb.

38,

Nj.

55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik,

Fms.

ix. 473; at því, that granted,

Grág.

ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon,

Nj.

76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri,

Eg.

91,

Fms.

ii. 236, vi. 25,

Bs.

i. 22, 625. 80,

H. E.

i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed,

Fms.

i. 105,

Edda

Sturl.

ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake,

Fms.

xi. 158; at flugdrekum,

Gullþ.

7; urðu þau bönd at járni,

Edda

40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an

acc.

or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw,

Eg.

728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech,

Eb.

244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal,

Grág.

Nj.

; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence,

Grág.

i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation,

Fms.

i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at,

Fs.

20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news,

Nj.

14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well,

Fms.

vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death,

Nj.

223,

Eg.

21,

Grág.

ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35,

Eg.

553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box,

Eg.

516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223,

Grág.

i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171,

Hkr.

ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage,

Edda

15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb),

Nj.

77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son,

Edda

Bs.

i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn,

Fms.

vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards,

Nj.

26; var þat at erindum,

Eg.

148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from,

Fms.

iv. 275,

Eg.

647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration,

Nj.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (

viz.

the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold,

Ld.

330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði,

Fs.

97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land,

Grág.

ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm,

Fms.

x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …,

Grág.

ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210;

cp.

the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet,

Eg.

14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot,

Fms.

vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill,

Fms.

i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears,

Fas.

ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet,

Fms.

viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff,

Grág.

i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost,

Nj.

84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone,

Edda

46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side,

Grág.

i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight,

Gs.

8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods,

Nj.

16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect,

Ld.

124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face,

Nj.

30,

Bs.

i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect,

Ld.

122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood,

Eb.

30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance,

Grág.

i. 30, 50,

Nj.

(freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta,

cp. Lat.

ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together,

Hkr.

ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great,

Fms.

vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned,

Grág.

i. 322,

Eg.

309,

Fms.

iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More

gener.

, at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (

cp. Lat.

felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska),

Fms.

iv. 274,

Grág.

i. 277, 416,

N. G. L.

i. 340,

K. Þ. K.

112,

Nj.

21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either

ellipt.

or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady,

Nj.

I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39,

Ld.

124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous,

Nj.

77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198,

Fms.

i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour,

Bjarn.

55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213,

etc.

; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size,

etc.

; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…,

Jb.

346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark,

N. G. L.

1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money,

Grág.

i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β.

metaph.

of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.),

prop.

in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams,

Sturl.

ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean?

Nj.

11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark,

i. e.

however small,

Fms.

xi. 20.

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll,

Hkr.

(

pref.

); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil,

Fms.

i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands,

Nj.

51; líf, to be pardoned,

Fms.

x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from,

Landn.

72,

Íb.

II, (now af is more

freq.

in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that,

Grág.

i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything,

Nj.

73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow,

Grág.

ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399:

metaph.

to deserve of one,

Nj.

113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from,

Fms.

vi. 71,

Eg.

44,

Bárð.

174; gagn, to be of use,

Ld.

216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216,

cp. Eg.

546; ótta, awe,

Nj.

68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to,

Lat.

secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið,

Fms.

i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259,

Ld.

62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land,

Grág.

Nj.

; at líkindum, in all likelihood,

Ld.

272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner,

Grág.

i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected,

Nj.

255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave,

Eg.

35; úlofi,

Grág.

ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun),

Bs.

i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …,

Nj.

124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in,

Ld.

168,

Eg.

18,

Fms.

x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed,

Bárð.

167,

Eb.

148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare,

Fms.

xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry,

Eb.

276; at endilöngu, all along,

Fas.

ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully,

Nj.

257,

Hkr.

i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely,

Ld.

40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same,

Hom.

80,

Nj.

267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately,

Lex. Poët.

; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare),

Fms.

x. 389; at einu, yet,

Orkn.

358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in

Engl.

‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more,

Eg.

483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely,

Fms.

viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder,

Sturl.

iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær,

Grág.

ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy,

Al.

19,

Grett.

116 B; þess at meiri,

Fms.

v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri,

Sturl.

ii. 139; maðr at vaskari,

id.

; at feigri, any the more fey,

Km.

22; maðr at verri, all the worse,

Nj.

168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr,

cp. Lat.

tantum abest… ut,

Eg.

60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less,

Nj.

160,

Ld.

146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better,

Eg.

425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that,

Fms.

vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that,

Edda

(

pref.

) 146; eigi at minna,

Ld.

216,

Fms.

ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that,

Ld.

42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more,

Fas.

iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs,

esp.

those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek,

e. g.

spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention,

etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game,

cp.

the

Engl.

to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u,

above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it,

Fms.

x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at,

these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival,

etc.

; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at,

ellipt.

to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (

mod.

); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.):

metaph.

of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in;

esp.

the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected

ellipt.

with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely),

e. g.

kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m;

these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.:

Lat.

post, after, upon,

esp. freq.

in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument,

Hm.

71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde,

Fms.

x. 323,

cp. Rm.

, where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father,

Grág.

i. 170 new

Ed.

; eiga féránsdóm at e-n,

Grág.

i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G.,

Fms.

x. 382; in

Edda

(Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband

Od.

It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely

loc.

sense; at land,

Grág.

(Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd,

Grág.

(Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti,

this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to

Lat.

ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr

e. g.

denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to

Lat.

ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with

Lat.

occurrere.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject,

e. g.

at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat,

etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention,

esp.

when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the

Gr.

ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy,

Nj.

280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added,

esp.

mod.

writers, ‘svá at’ and

contr.

‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’

etc.

II. in the earlier times the

infin.

, as in Greek and

Lat.

, had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in

Icel.

as in

Engl.

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in

Engl.

to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in

North. E.

) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that,

etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in

Engl.

I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða,

Grág.

ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja,

Nj.

90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and

esp.

in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat,

above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in

Engl.

to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be:

reflex.

, hann þykist vera, sibi videtur:

impers.

, mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also

freq.

the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be,

acc.

c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go,

etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in

Engl.

I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast,

Vkv.

9; eiga,

esp.

when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa),

Grág.

i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta,

id. l.

24; ráða, nema, göra …,

freq.

in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs,

e. g.

nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum,

Skv.

3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in

Engl.

he must go), and when placed after the

infin.

of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta,

Nj.

129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú,

Fms.

1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa,

Fms.

viii. 19,

Fas.

ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal

neg.

suffix ‘-at,’

freq.

for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide

Lex. Poët.

Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either,

Grág.

i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …,

Fms.

x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out

ellipt.

;

e. g.

þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast),

Dipl.

ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

and að,

conj.

[Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In

Icel.

the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of

theol.

translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by

theol.

authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern

Icel.

preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it

freq.

mod.

writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the

prep.

þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is

freq.

in some

MS.

;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft

Engl.

th sound. It

gener.

answers to

Lat.

ut, or to the

relat. pron.

qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that,

Lat.

tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…,

Nj.

1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…,

Fms.

xi. 95,

Edda

33. Rarely and

unclass.

ellipt.

without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at),

Bær.

15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki,

Fas.

iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to

Gr.

οτι,

Lat.

quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð,

Nj.

2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti,

Fms.

ii. 244.

2. with

subj.

answering to

Lat. acc.

with

infin.

, to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb,

e. g.

vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would,

Nj.

57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…,

Fms.

xi. 94.

γ. with a

subj.

denoting design, answering to ϊνα or

Lat.

ut with

subj.

, in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis,

Stj.

; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent,

Nj.

265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand,

Gþl.

p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

esp.

þó, því, svá; þó at

freq. contr.

þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although,

Lat.

etsi, quamquam (very

freq.

); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér,

Fms.

vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.),

Stj. MS.

col. 315, are

unclass.

, and influenced by the Latin: sometimes

ellipt.

without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn,

Edda

Nj.

64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá,

Grág.

i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to

Engl.

yet—though,

Lat.

attamen —etsi,

K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because,

Lat.

nam, quia, with

indic.

; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans,

Ld.

68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr,

Sks.

16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst,

Fms.

iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …,

Ld.

68.

γ. svá at, so that,

Lat.

ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja,

Edda

37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that,

Bs.

i. 339,

etc.

2. it is

freq.

used superfluously,

esp.

after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða,

Fms.

v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin,

Fas.

i. 340.

1. temp, when,

Lat.

quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem,

Grett.

150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know,

Fms.

v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when,

Nj.

233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape,

Grág.

i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…,

Nj.

64.

V. in

mod.

writers it is also

freq.

superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper

MS.

), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt,

Lat.

an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn,

Grág.

i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an

ellipt.

nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages

Sks.

551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

and að, an

indecl. relat.

pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the

conj.

at, (

cp.

also the Old

Engl.

at, which is both a

conj.

and a pronoun,

e. g.

Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun

3. 89.) In

Icel.

‘er’ (the

relat.

pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one

MS.

reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the

MSS.

; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more

freq.

used. In

mod.

writers ‘at’ is

freq.

turned into ‘eð,’

esp.

as a superfluous particle after the relative

pron.

hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð,

etc.

), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð,

etc.

):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið,

Ld.

202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða,

Fms.

iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri,

Nj.

64,

etc. etc.

collision (

poët.

); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears,

Höfuðl.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals,

esp.

of horses,

hesta-at and etja.

the negative verbal suffix,

-a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

3
FYRIR

* * *

prep.

1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);

2) before one, in one’s presence;

hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;

hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;

4) before one, in one’s way;

5) naut. term. before, off;

6) before, at the head of, over;

7) of time, ago;

before, above, superior to;

Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;

9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;

þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;

10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;

Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;

11) because of, for;

illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;

gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;

fyrir því at, because, since, as;

mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;

minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;

14) denoting manner or quality, with;

1) before, in front of;

halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;

2) before, into the presence of;

4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;

ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;

5) round, off;

6) along, all along;

fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;

fyrir

e-s

minni, before one’s memory;

for, on behalf of;

vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;

9) for, for the benefit of;

10) for, instead of, in place of, as;

11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);

12) denoting value, price;

fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;

13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð

e-s

);

14) joined with adverbs ending in —an, governing

acc.

(fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);

fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;

III. as adverb or ellipt.

1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;

þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;

3) at hand, present, to the fore;

e-m

verðr

e-t

fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;

Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;

* * *

prep.

, in the Editions spelt differently; in

MSS.

this word is usually abbreviated either  (

i. e.

firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (

i. e.

fyrir); in some

MSS.

it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛,

e. g. Arna-Magn.

382 (Bs. i. 263

sqq.

); and even in the old Miracle-book

Arna-Magn.

645 (Bs. i. 333

sqq.

), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few

MSS.

it is written as a monosyllable fyr,

e. g. D. I.

i. 475,

Mork.

passim; in

Kb.

(Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia,

Vsp.

I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum,

Gm.

22; fyr vestan ver,

Hkv.

2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir,

e. g. Hm.

56,

Gm.

54,

Skm.

34,

Ls.

15,

Am.

64,

Hkv.

2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the

compds

, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used,

e. g.

for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in

Edd.

, are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in

MSS.

, as, fyre,

Ó. H.

(facsimile); fire,

Grág. Sb.

ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur,

Fms.

iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur,

Haustl.

1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]

WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.

A. LOCAL:

I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors,

Nj.

14,

Vsp.

53,

Hm.

69,

Edda

130; niðr

smiðju-dyrum,

Eg.

142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni,

Nj.

181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit

þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one,

Fms.

vii. 207,

Hkr.

iii. 335 (

Ó. H.

201,

l. c.

, frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum

sér, beneath in the fire before them,

Nj.

204; þeir sá

sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building,

i. e.

they came to a great house,

Eg.

546; öðrum

sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér,

Grág.

i. 5.

2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel

búum, before the neighbours,

Nj.

87; lýsi ek

búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim)

e-m,

Ld.

8; hann hermdi boð öll

Gizuri,

Nj.

78; hón nefndisk

þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G.,

Fms.

i. 8; kæra e-t

e-m,

Ó. H.

60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann

þeim,

Nj.

200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er

þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them,

i. e.

because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt)

e-m, to give a good (bad) example,

e. g.

in the presence of children; lifa vel

Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti

Guði,

Nj.

199; sem þeir sjá réttast

Guði,

Grág.

i. (

pref.

); fyrir öllum þeim,

Hom.

89; á laun

öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them,

Grág.

i. 337,

Jb.

378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill

húsfreyju minni,

i. e.

when you talk to my wife,

Nj.

265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord,

Merl.

2. 78.

3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja

þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception,

Nj.

228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki,

i. e.

to clear Valhalla for slain folk,

Em.

I; ryðja vígvöll

vegundum,

Nj.

212; ljúka upp

e-m, to open the door for one,

Fms.

xi. 323,

Stj.

5; rýma pallinn

þeim,

Eg.

304; hann lét göra eld

þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld.

sér,

Fms.

xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him,

Eg.

45.

II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð

þeim,

Eg.

530; á (fjörðr) varð

þeim, a river, fjord, was before them,

i. e.

they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi

liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð

Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V.,

Hkr.

iii. 363; þeirra manna er

honum urðu,

Eg.

92.

2. sitja

e-m, to lie in wait for one,

Ld.

218,

Nj.

107; lá

henni í skóginum,

Edda

(

pref.

); sitja

rekum, to sit watching for wrecks,

Eg.

136 (fyrir-sát).

ellipt.

, menn urðu at gæta sín er

urðu,

Nj.

100; Egill var þar

í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush,

Eg.

378; hafði sá bana er

varð, who was before (the arrow),

i. e.

he was hit,

Nj.

4. verða

e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr

drepi, if he be struck,

Grág.

ii. 19; verða

áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury,

Ld.

140; verða

reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king,

Eg.

226; verða

ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound,

Fas.

i. 130; sitja

hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame,

Nj.

71; vera eigi

sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.

III. a

naut.

term, before, off; liggja

bryggjum, to lie off the pier,

Ld.

166; skip fljóta

strengjum,

Sks.

116; þeir lágu

bænum, they lay off the town,

Bs.

i. 18; liggja úti

Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland,

Eg.

261; hann druknaði

Jaðri, off the J.,

Fms.

i. II; þeir kómu at honum

Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr

landi,

Hkr.

i. 301;

Humru-minni, off the Humber,

Orkn.

338,

cp. Km.

3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain,

Orkn.

356.

IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr

búi föður síns,

Ver.

26 (of king David); vera

liði, to be over the troops,

Eg.

292,

Nj.

7; vera

máli, to lead the case,

Band.

8; vera forstjóri

búi, to be steward over the household,

Eg.

52; ráða

landi, ríki,

etc.

, to rule, govern, Ó H. 33,

Nj.

5; hverr

eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire,

Eg.

239; ráða

e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja

svörum, to respond on one’s behalf,

Ölk.

36,

Band.

12; hafa svör

e-m, to be the chief spokesman,

Fms.

x. 101,

Dipl. v.

26.

V. special usages; friða

e-m, to make peace for one,

Fms.

vii. 16,

Bs.

i. 65; bæta

e-m, to make things good for one,

Hom.

109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.)

e-m, to plead for one,

Fms.

iii. 33,

Nj.

128,—also spilla

e-m, to disparage one,

Eg.

255; haga, ætla

e-u, to manage, arrange for one,

Ld.

208,

Sturl.

i. 14,

Boll.

356; rífka ráð

e-m, to better one’s condition,

Nj.

21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf

frændkonu sinni,

Js.

58; standa

manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy,

Eg.

357,

Grág.

ii. 13; vera skjöldr

e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað

e-u, to have the expences for a thing,

Ld.

14; vinna

e-m, to support one by one’s work,

Sks.

251; starfa

fé sínu, to manage one’s money,

Ld.

166; hyggja

e-u, to take heed for a thing,

Nj.

109; hyggja

sér,

Fs.

5; hafa forsjá

e-m, to provide for one,

Ld.

186; sjá

e-u, to see after,

Eg.

118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð

mér,

Nj.

20: ironic. to put at rest,

Háv.

40:

ellipt.

, sjá vel

, to provide well for,

Nj.

102.

B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago,

Nj.

80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago,

Fms.

i. 76,

Ld.

134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago,

Nj.

260,

Fms.

i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning,

Grág.

i. 80, ii. 323, 394,

Finnb.

342; fyrir þeim, before they were born,

Fms.

i. 57.

2. the phrase, vera

e-u, to forebode; vera

stórfundum,

Nj.

107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu

siða-skipti,

Fms.

xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera

kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum

e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá

e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one,

Nj.

171.

C. METAPH.:

I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar

öllum ungum mönnum,

Dropl.

7; þykkisk hann mjök

öðrum mönnum,

Ld.

38; ver

hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen,

Eg.

65; Hálfdan svarti var

þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers,

Fms.

i. 4; þorgrímr var

sonum Önundar,

Grett.

87; var Haraldr mest

þeim at virðingu,

Fms.

i. 47.

II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið

þeim,

Grág.

i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).

2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit

heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, =

Lat.

pro,

Fms.

vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni,

Blas.

38; gjalda önd mína

önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf

sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ),

H. E.

i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál,

Dipl.

iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir

e-m, 656 A; heita

e-m, biðja

e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro),

Fms.

iii. 48,

Bs.

i. 70; biðja

mönnum, to intercede for, 19,

Fms.

xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja

stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.

III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs,

Eg.

249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case,

Grág.

i. 36,

Dropl.

14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn

Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly,

i. e.

forsook Thorkel,

Fms.

ix. 422; kom upp grátr

henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé

öðrum, to take another’s money,

N. G. L.

i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi,

Landn.

56; ef hross verðr tekit

honum, if a horse of his be taken,

Grág.

i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all,

Ó. H.

60; e-t ferr ílla

e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór

Ólófu, so it came to pass for O.,

Vígl.

18; loka dyrr

e-m, to lock the door in one’s face,

Edda

21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn

yðr drepit, heldr

yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit,

i. e.

they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men,

Fbr.

33; tók at eyðask

henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail,

Nj.

29; rak á

þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather,

Vígl.

27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn

Jökli, V. drove the ball for J.,

i. e.

so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil

Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast

mér, my sword broke,

Korm.

98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t

e-m, to break a thing for one,

Bs.

i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn,

Nj.

167; árin brotnaði

honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.

2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja

sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour,

i. e.

to hinder one’s doing well,

Sturl.

87; mikit göri þér mér

þessu máli, you make this case sore for me,

Eb.

124; þér er mikit

máli, thy case stands ill,

Fms.

v. 325; ekki er Guði

því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið

því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily,

Grett.

III; mér er minna

því, it is easier for me,

Am.

60; þykkja mikit

e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly,

Nj.

77;

Icel.

also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal,

Ó. H.

140; sem sér muni lítið

at veiða Gunnar,

Nj.

113; fast mun

vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move,

Ld.

154; Ásgrími þótti þungt

, A. thought that things looked sad (heavy),

Nj.

185; hann var lengi

, he was long about it,

Fms.

x. 205; hann var lengi

ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf.

Karl.

388.

IV. in a causal sense, for, because of,

Lat.

per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds,

Edda

16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi

verkjum, she had no rest for pains,

Bjarn.

69; fyrir gráti, tárum, =

Lat.

prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow;

hlátri, for laughter, as in

Engl.

; þeir æddust

einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman,

Sól.

11; ílla fært

ísum, scarce passable for ice,

Fms.

xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar

Miðgarðs-ormi,

Edda

35; hann var lítt gengr

sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound,

Fbr.

178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear,

Hbl.

26; heptisk vegrinn

þeim meinvættum sem …,

Fs.

4; gáðu þeir eigi

veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay,

Landn.

30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power,

Eg.

67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna,

Grág.

i. 68; fyrir hví, for why?

Eluc.

4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar,

Eg.

375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because,

Edda

35,

Fms.

i. 22, vii. 330,

Ld.

104; en fyrir því nú at, now since,

Skálda

171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.

V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke,

Háv.

52.

2. denoting contest; falla

e-m, to fall before one,

i. e.

fighting against one,

Fms.

i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki

e-m, to be overcome in fighting one,

Ld.

146; látask

e-m, to perish by one,

Eb.

34; hafa bana

e-m, to be slain by one,

Nj.

43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa

honum, 263; mæddisk hann

þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them,

Eg.

192; láta ríki

e-m, to lose the kingdom before another,

i. e.

so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar

þér, 505; láta hlut sinn

e-m,

Fs.

47; standask

e-m, to stand one’s ground before one,

Edda

(

pref.

); hugðisk hann falla mundu

sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28,

Hým.

12; halda hlut

e-m,

Ld.

54; halda frið ok frelsi

várum óvinum,

Fms.

viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað

þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding),

Ld.

216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit

mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted,

Fær.

37; halda vöku

sér, to keep oneself awake,

Fms.

i. 216.

β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva

e-m, to fly, leap, run before one,

i. e.

to be pursued,

Bs.

i. 774,

Grág.

ii. 359; at hann rynni

þrælum hans,

Ld.

64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á

Hofsmönnum,

Landn.

178; ganga

e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing,

Fms.

i. 305, x. 292; vægja

e-m, to yield to one, give way,

Eg.

21, 187,

Nj.

57,

Ld.

234.

VI. against; verja land

e-m,

Eg.

32; verja landit

Dönum ok öðrum víkingum,

Fms.

i. 23; til landvarnar

víkingum,

Eg.

260; landvarnar-maðr

Norðmönnum,

Fms.

vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar

bergrisum,

Edda

17; gæt þín vel

konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men,

Eg.

113; góð aðstoð

tröllum ok dvergum,

Bárð.

163; beiða Baldri griða

allskonar háska,

Edda

36; auðskæðr

höggum,

Eg.

770.

VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis),

Grág.

ii. 384,

Fms.

vii. 262; halda

veðri, to stand before the wind,

Róm.

211.

2. rýrt mun verða

honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people,

Nj.

94:

ellipt.

, hafði sá bana er

varð, 8; sprakk

, 16, 91.

VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself,

esp.

of physical power; mikill

sér, strong, powerful; lítill

sér, weak, feeble,

Nj.

20, Ísl. ii. 368,

Eg.

192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann

mér,

Edda

33; minnstr

sér, smallest, weakest,

Eg.

123; gildr maðr

sér, Ísl. ii. 322,

Fms.

ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil

sér, a hardy man,

Nj.

270; hvat ert þú

þér, what kind of fellow art thou?

Clem.

33; vera einn

sér, to be a strange fellow,

Grett.

79 new

Ed.

;

Icel.

also say, göra mikið (lítið)

sér, to make oneself big ( little).

β. sjóða e-t

sér, to hesitate, saunter,

Nj.

154; mæla

munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter,

Orkn.

248,

Nj.

249.

IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr

hærum, white with hoary hairs,

Fms.

vi. 95,

Fas.

ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour,

Mag.

5; hjölt hvít

silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered,

Eb.

226.

1. ahead, in front, = á undan,

Lat.

prae,

opp.

to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded,

Nj.

34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy),

Eg.

580; Egill fór

, E. went in before,

id.

; at vér ríðim þegar

í nótt, 283.

β. first; hann stefndi

málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him,

Nj.

35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit

, I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum

, seven nights before,

Grág.

ii. 217.

2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore,

i. e.

before the bride and bridegroom came,

Nj.

11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir,

Hm.

1; skal þá lögmaðr þar

vera, he shall be there present,

Js.

3; heima í túni fyrir,

Fær.

50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir,

Eg.

98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem

eru, who are there already,

i. e.

in his charge,

Grág.

i. 286: of things, föng þau er

vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand,

Eg.

134.

3. fore,

opp.

to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar

allt gullknöppum,

Eg.

516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst,

Mar.

XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one,

i. e.

one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat

, at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …,

Grág.

i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki

, K. had no resource,

i. e.

lost his head,

Sturl.

iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir,

Nj.

117,

Sturl.

ii. 151; mun þat vel

mælask, people will like it well,

Nj.

29, Þórð. 55 new

Ed.

; ílla mun þat

mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína,

Ld.

238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel

, the people praised the poem,

Fms.

vii. 113.

XII. in special senses, either as

prep.

adv.

(vide A. V. above); segja leið

skipi, to pilot a ship,

Eg.

359; segja

skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea,

Bs.

i. 774,

Fms.

x. 480; mæla

e-u, to dictate,

Grág.

ii. 266; mæla

minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla

sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u

, to arrange, put right; ætla

e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m

e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið

e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa

e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita

sér, to enquire; biðjask

, to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja

etc.

, to order,

Nj.

103,

Js.

3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá

, at …,

Landn.

34; spyrjask

, to enquire,

Hkr.

ii. 333; búask

, to prepare, make arrangement,

Landn.

35,

Sks.

551; skipask

, to draw up,

Nj.

197; leggjask

, to lie down in despair,

Bs.

i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá

úorðna hluti,

Fms.

i. 96; segja

, to foretell, 76,

Bb.

332; Njáll hefir ok sagt

um æfi hans,

Nj.

102; vita e-t

, to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t

, to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained,

id.

WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.

A. LOCAL:

I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin,

Nj.

198; láta síga brýnn

brár,

Hkv. Hjörv.

19; halda

augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes,

Nj.

132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162,

Fs.

39.

2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m

dómstól,

Fms.

xi. 444; ganga, koma

e-n, to go, come before one,

Fms.

i. 15,

Eg.

426,

Nj.

6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes,

Stj.

611.

3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum

sik, he put the shield before him,

Nj.

97, 115; halda skildi

e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.

4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram

, forward; aptr

, backward,

etc.

; hann reiddi öxina fram

sik, a stroke forward with the axe,

Fms.

vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik,

Nj.

29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna

sik, 195; komask út

dyrr, to go outside the door,

Eg.

206:—draga ofan

brekku, to drag over the hill,

Ld.

220; hrinda

mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank,

Eg.

748; hlaupa

björg, to leap over a precipice,

Eb.

62,

Landn.

36; elta e-n

björg,

Grág.

ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta)

borð, to leap ( throw) overboard,

Fms.

i. 178,

Hkr.

iii. 391,

Ld.

226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr

borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13,

Fms.

ix. 3; hlaupa niðr

stafn,

Eg.

142; niðr

skaflinn,

Dropl.

25; fyrir brekku,

Orkn.

450,

Glúm.

395 (in a verse).

II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu

þá,

Fms.

ix. 475; ríða á leið

þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them,

Boll.

348; hlaupa ofan

þá,

Nj.

153; vóru allt komin

hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way,

Fms.

vii. 207; þeir felldu brota

hann,

viz.

they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann

skip, to lay an embargo on a ship,

Ld.

166.

III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit,

Nj.

44; út

Holm, out past the Holm,

Fms.

vii. 356:

esp.

as a

naut.

term, off a point on the shore, sigla

England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain,

Orkn.

338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar,

Fms.

vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista,

Edda

91 (in a verse); er hann kom

Elfina, when be came off the Gotha,

Eg.

80; leggja land

skut, to lay the land clear of the stern,

i. e.

to pass it,

Edda l. c.

; göra frið

land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another,

Ld.

28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river,

Fms.

iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda,

Grág.

ii. 263; girða

nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up,

cp. Lat.

praesepire, praemunire,

etc.

Grág.

ii. 263; so also binda

op, poka,

Lat.

praeligare, praestringere; hlaða

gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri

stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed,

Nj.

275; skjóta slagbrandi

dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it,

Dropl.

29; láta loku (lás)

hurð, to lock a door,

Gísl.

28; setja innsigli

bréf, to set a seal to a letter,

Dipl.

i. 3:

ellipt.

, setr hón þar lás fyrir,

Ld.

42,

Bs.

i. 512.

2. along, all along;

endilanga Danmörk,

endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other,

Fms.

iv. 319, xi. 91,

Grett.

97:—öx álnar

munn, an axe with an ell-long edge,

Ld.

276; draga ör

ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term,

Fms.

ii. 321.

IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone,

Sturl.

i. 44,

Hrafn.

13,

Fms.

ii. 131; taka

munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka

háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat,

etc.

; taka mál

munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka

hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing,

Eb.

124;

mod.

, taka fram

hendrnar á e-m.

B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day,

Eg.

80;

miðjan dag,

Ld.

14;

sól, before sunrise, 268;

sólar-lag, before sunset;

miðjan aptan,

Nj.

192;

náttmál, 197;

óttu, Sighvat;

þinglausnir,

Ölk.

37;

Jól,

Nj.

269;

fardaga,

Grág.

ii. 341; viku

sumar, 244;

mitt sumar,

Nj.

138; litlu

vetr,

Eg.

159;

vetrnætr,

Grág.

ii. 217;

e-s minni, before one’s memory,

Íb.

16.

C. METAPH.:

I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn,

Fms.

x. 372.

II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara

þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead,

Nj.

77; ganga í skuld

e-n,

Grág.

i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá

Ölvi,

Eg.

210; kaupa e-t

e-n,

Nj.

157; gjalda gjöld

e-n,

Grág.

i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir

e-n,

Eg.

504; hvárr

sik, each for oneself,

Dipl. v.

26; sættisk á öll mál

f. Björn

Nj.

266; tók sættir

f. Björn

Eg.

168; svara

e-t,

Fms.

xi. 444; hafa til varnir

sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma

; færa vörn

sik,

etc.

; verja, sækja sakir

sik, and many similar law phrases,

Grág.

passim; biðja konu

e-n, to woo a lady for another,

Fms.

x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part,

Gs.

16; lögvörn

mál, a lawful defence for a case,

Nj.

111; hafa til varnar

sök, to defend a case,

Grág.

i. 61; halda skiladómi

e-t,

Dipl.

iv. 8; festa lög

e-t, vide festa.

III. in a distributive sense; penning

mann, a penny per man,

K. Þ. K.

88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head,

Lv.

89,

Fms.

i. 153,

Ó. H.

141; hve

marga menn, for how many men,

Grág.

i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.

IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð

hungraða,

Hom.

75; þeir skáru

þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses),

Nj.

265; leggja kostnað

e-n, to defray one’s costs,

Grág.

i. 341.

V. for, instead of; hann setti sik

Guð,

Edda

(

pref.

); hafa e-n

Guð (

Lat.

pro Deo),

Stj.

73,

Barl.

131; geta, fá, kveðja mann

sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute,

Grág.

i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka

brynjur,

Fs.

17; manna-höfuð vóru

kljána,

Nj.

275; gagl

gás ok grís

gamalt svín,

Ó. H.

86; rif stór

hlunna,

Háv.

48; buðkr er

húslker er hafðr,

Vm.

171; auga

auga, tönn

tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell

skillinga,

Þkv.

32.

VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit,

Nj.

92,

Fms.

v. 162; eigi

sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi?

Nj.

101; ok urðu

þat sekir,

Landn.

323; hafa ámæli

e-t,

Nj.

65, passim.

2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra

þín orð,

Ld.

158,

Nj.

88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity,

Fms.

i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old

Engl.

‘fore God),

Karl.

241; fyrir þitt líf,

Stj.

514; ek særi þik

alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn,

Nj.

176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks,

Eg.

714; er sik leysti út

þrjú hundruð marka,

Fms.

ix. 421; ganga

hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred,

D. I.

i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða

hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks,

Ld.

30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir,

Nj.

57; bætr

víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr

mann,

Eg.

259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin,

Nj.

101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means,

Fms.

i. 9, 157,

Gþl.

531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann

sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself,

i. e.

they sold their lives dearly,

Ó. H.

217.

ellipt.

, í staðinn

, instead of,

Grág.

i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða

góð boð,

Nj.

77; taka umbun

Fms.

vii. 161; svara slíku

sem …,

Boll.

350; þér skulut öngu

týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head,

Nj.

VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð,

Stj.

; fyrir sína náttúru,

Fms.

v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd,

Pass.

19. 12; svikin

orminn, by the serpent,

Al.

63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very

freq.

eccl.

writings,

esp.

after the Reformation,

N. T.

Pass.

Vídal.

; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David,

etc.

:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu

kast ( by dice),

Sturl.

ii. 159.

IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn,

N. G. L.

i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge,

Grág.

ii. 348; kvángask (giptask)

ráð e-s, i. 177, 178,

Þiðr.

190; nú fara menn

bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli,

Gþl.

517; hann gaf henni líf

framkvæmd farar,

i. e.

although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow),

Fms.

v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that,

Grett.

80 new

Ed.

; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.

X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but

freq.

mod.

usage, thus, eigi e-n

vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n

fífl, fól, to make sport of one.

2. in old writers some phrases come near to this,

e. g.

vita

vist, to know for certain,

Dipl.

i. 3; vita

full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa

satt, to take for sooth, believe,

Nj.

135; koma

eitt, to come ( turn) all to one,

Lv.

11,

Nj.

91,

Fms.

i. 208; koma

ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way,

Nj.

93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti

varnað, to have another’s faults for warning,

Sól.

19.

XI. joined with adverbs ending in —an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following

acc.

denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell,

i. e.

on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall =

Lat.

ultra; fyrir innan fjall =

Lat.

infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard,

etc.

; vide these adverbs:—used

adverb.

, fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in

Icel.

to mark the quarters of the country,

cp.

the ditty in

Esp.

Árb. year 1530; but not

freq.

in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …,

cp. Kristni S. ch.

absol.

and

adverb.

, fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save,

Anal.

98,

Vkv.

8; fyrir fram, vide fram.

☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:

I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local,

temp.

, and

metaph.

furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini,

etc.

β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris,

etc.

2. in an

intens.

sense = before others, very, but not

freq.

; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.

II. (

cp.

fyrir,

acc.

, C. IX), in a

neg.

priv.

sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers,

e. g.

for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:

1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries,

e. g.

for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.

2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish,

e. g.

for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in

eccl.

writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in

Icel.

) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m,

etc.

; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these

compds

are due to foreign influence.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FYRIR

4
way

wei

1.

1) camino, vía; entrada, salida

2) dirección; camino

3) calle; avenida

4) distancia

5) manera, modo, forma

6) aspecto; manera (de alguna manera/forma siento pena por él)

7) maneras

camino, paso (abrirse camino/paso)

muy, mucho más; de sobra

— wayside
— be/get on one’s way
— by the way
— fall by the wayside
— get/have one’s own way
— get into / out of the way of doing something
— get into / out of the way of something
— go out of one’s way
— have a way with
— have it one’s own way
— in a bad way
— in
— out of the/someone’s way
— lose one’s way
— make one’s way
— make way for
— make way
— under way
— way of life
— ways and means

manera / modo

camino

dirección

there’s a car coming, get out of the way! viene un coche, ¡apártate!

tr[weɪ]

1 (right route, road, etc) camino

■ which is the best way to the swimming pool? ¿cómo se va a la piscina?, ¿por dónde se va a la piscina?

■ do you know the way? ¿conoces el camino?, ¿sabes cómo ir?

■ which way did he go? ¿por dónde se fue?

■ which way is the harbour from here? ¿por dónde cae el puerto desde aquí?

■ come this way, please venga por aquí, por favor

■ are you going my way? ¿vas en la misma dirección que yo?

4 (manner, method) manera, modo

■ what’s the best way to cook trout? ¿cuál es la mejor manera de guisar las truchas?

■ OK, you do it your own way vale, hazlo como quieras

5 (behaviour, custom) manera, forma, modo

■ that’s out Romford way, isn’t it? está por la zona de Romford, ¿verdad?

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

across the way / over the way enfrente

by way of (via) vía, por vía de, pasando por 2 (serving as, as a kind of) a modo de

in a big way a lo grande, a gran escala, en plan grande

in a way en cierto modo, en cierta manera

■ can I help in any way? ¿puedo ayudar de alguna manera?

in many ways desde muchos puntos de vista, en muchos aspectos

■ in many ways, this is her best book desde muchos puntos de vista, éste es su mejor libro

in no way de ninguna manera, de ningún modo

■ what would you like in the way of dessert? ¿qué quieres de postre?

no way! ¡ni hablar!, ¡de ninguna manera!

on one’s way / on the way por el camino, de camino, de paso

■ we’re on our way! ¡ya estamos en camino!

■ is it on your way? ¿te pilla de camino?

■ don’t worry, we’ll find it one way or the other no te preocupes, lo encontraremos de una manera u otra

■ you’re in the way! estás estorbando!

■ move your car, it’s in the way quita tu coche de en medio, obstruye el paso

to be under way (work) estar en marcha, estar avanzado,-a 2 (meeting, match) haber empezado

to cut both ways / cut two ways ser un arma de doble filo, tener ventajas y desventajas

to get under way (meeting, match) empezar 2 (travellers, work) ponerse en marcha

to have a way with… tener un don especial para…

to make one’s own way in life/in the world abrirse paso en la vida/el mundo

línea

de conducta, camino

manera

, modo

, forma

I weɪ

the way in/out — la entrada/salida

this style is on the way in/out — este estilo se está poniendo/pasando de moda

you’ll soon find your way around the office/system — en poco tiempo te familiarizarás con la oficina/el sistema

I don’t know the way up/down — no sé por dónde se sube/se baja

to go one’s own way: she’ll go her own way hará lo que le parezca; to go out of one’s way ( make a detour) desviarse* del camino; ( make special effort): they went out of their way to be helpful se desvivieron or hicieron lo indecible por ayudar; to go the way of something/somebody — acabar como algo/algn, correr la misma suerte de algo/algn

b) (road, path) camino m, senda f

to be/get in the way — estorbar

to stand in the way: they stood in our way nos impidieron el paso; I couldn’t see it, she was standing in my way no podía verlo, ella me tapaba (la vista); I won’t stand in your way no seré yo quien te lo impida; to stand in the way of progress obstaculizar* or entorpecer* el progreso; (get) out of the way! hazte a un lado!, quítate de en medio!; to move something out of the way quitar algo de en medio; I’d like to get this work out of the way quisiera quitar este trabajo de en medio; to keep out of somebody’s way rehuir* a algn, evitar encontrarse con algn; make way! — abran paso!

if you’re ever down our way, call in — (colloq) si algún día andas por nuestra zona, ven a vernos

whichever way you look at it, it’s a disaster — es un desastre, lo mires por donde lo mires

to split something three/five ways — dividir algo en tres/cinco partes

to go somebody’s way: are you going my way? ¿vas en mi misma dirección?; the decision went our way se decidió en nuestro favor; to put work/business somebody’s way conseguirle* trabajo/clientes a algn; way to go! — (AmE colloq) así se hace!, bien hecho!

you have to go back a long way, to the Middle Ages — hay que remontarse a la Edad Media

it’s a very long way down/up — hay una buena bajada/subida

to go all the way: do you think he might go all the way and fire them? ¿te parece que puede llegar a echarlos?; they went all the way ( had sex) tuvieron relaciones, hicieron el amor; to go some/a long way toward something — contribuir* en cierta/gran medida a algo; see also way I III

(method, means) forma

, manera

, modo

all right, we’ll do it your way — muy bien, lo haremos a tu manera or como tú quieras

to do something the hard/easy way — hacer* algo de manera difícil/fácil

( manner) manera

, modo

, forma

the way I see it — tal y como yo lo veo, a mi modo or manera de ver

the way things are o stand at the moment — tal y como están las cosas en este momento

in a big way: they let us down in a big way nos fallaron de mala manera; he fell for her in a big way quedó prendado de ella; to have a way with…: to have a way with children/people saber* cómo tratar a los niños/saber* cómo tratar a la gente, tener* don de gentes; to have a way with animals tener* mucha mano con los animales; to have a way with words — tener* mucha labia or facilidad de palabra

a) (custom, characteristic)

to get into/out of the way of something — (BrE) acostumbrarse a/perder* la costumbre de algo

b) (wish, will)

to get/have one’s (own) way — salirse* con la suya (or mía etc)

(feature, respect) sentido

, aspecto

in a way, it’s like losing an old friend — de alguna manera or en cierta forma or en cierto sentido es como perder a un viejo amigo

by the way — (indep) a propósito, por cierto

but that’s all by the way: what I really wanted to say was… — pero eso no es a lo que iba: lo que quería decir es que…

11)

a) ( via) vía, pasando por

by way of introduction/an apology — a modo or manera de introducción/disculpa

12)

13)

no way is he/she going to do it — de ninguna manera lo va a hacer (fam)

a) (break, collapse) <<ice/rope/cable>> romperse*; <<floor>> hundirse, ceder

b) (succumb, give in)

to give way (TO somebody/something) — ceder el paso (a algn/algo)

d) (be replaced, superseded by)

15)

under way: to get under way ponerse* en marcha, comenzar*; to get a meeting under way dar* comienzo a una reunión; an investigation is under way — se está llevando a cabo or se ha abierto una investigación

[weɪ]

1) camino

; calle

, avenida

• Way of the Cross — Vía Crucis, viacrucis

• across or over the way (from) — enfrente (de), frente (a)

• the public way — la vía pública

• he walked all the way here — vino todo el camino andando

• to ask one’s way to the station — preguntar el camino or cómo se va a la estación

• we came a back way — vinimos por los caminos vecinales

• she went by way of Birmingham — fue por or vía Birmingham

• if the chance comes my way — si se me presenta la oportunidad

• to take the easy way out — optar por la solución más fácil

• to feel one’s way — (lit) andar a tientas

• to find one’s way — orientarse, ubicarse (esp LAm)

• the way in — la entrada

• I don’t know the way to his house — no sé el camino a su casa, no sé cómo se va or llega a su casa

• to lead the way — (lit) ir primero; (fig) marcar la pauta, abrir el camino

• to go the long way round — ir por el camino más largo

• to lose one’s way — extraviarse

• to make one’s way to — dirigirse a

• the middle way — el camino de en medio

• on the way here — de camino hacia aquí, mientras veníamos aquí

there’s no way out — (fig) no hay salida or solución, esto no tiene solución

• to go out of one’s way — (lit) desviarse del camino

• to pay one’s way — pagar su parte

• he put me in the way of some good contracts — me conectó or enchufó para que consiguiera buenos contratos

• to see one’s way (clear) to helping sb — ver la forma de ayudar a algn

• to go the shortest way — ir por el camino más corto

• to start on one’s way — ponerse en camino

• way up — subida , ruta para subir

— go the way of all flesh

— go one’s own way

prepare 1.

• to bar the way — ponerse en medio del camino

• to clear a way for — abrir camino para

• he crawled his way to the gate — llegó arrastrándose hasta la puerta

• to elbow one’s way through the crowd — abrirse paso por la multitud a codazos

• to fight one’s way out — lograr salir luchando

• to force one’s way in — introducirse a la fuerza

• to hack one’s way through sth — abrirse paso por algo a fuerza de tajos

• to be/get in sb’s way — estorbar a algn

you can watch, but don’t get in the way — puedes mirar, pero no estorbes

to stand in sb’s way — (lit) cerrar el paso a algn; (fig) ser un obstáculo para algn

• to make way (for sth/sb) — (lit, fig) dejar paso (a algo/algn)

• to leave the way open for further talks — dejar la puerta abierta a posteriores conversaciones

• to get out of the way — quitarse de en medio

to get or move sth out of the way — quitar algo de en medio or del camino

• to push one’s way through the crowd — abrirse paso por la multitud a empujones

• to work one’s way to the front — abrirse camino hacia la primera fila

give 1., 18)

• down our way — por nuestra zona, en nuestro barrio

• are you going my way? — ¿vas por dónde voy yo?

• to look the other way — (lit) mirar para otro lado; (fig) mirar para otro lado, hacer la vista gorda

it was you who invited her, not the other way round — eres tú quien la invitaste, no al revés

• it’s out Windsor way — está cerca de Windsor

• turn the map the right way up — pon el mapa mirando hacia arriba

• to split sth three ways — dividir algo en tres partes iguales

• come this way — pase por aquí

• which way did it go? — ¿hacia dónde fue?, ¿por dónde se fue?

• a little way off — no muy lejos, a poca distancia

• it’s a long or good way away or off — está muy lejos

• I can swim quite a way now — ahora puedo nadar bastante distancia

• a short way off — no muy lejos, a poca distancia

my way is to — mi sistema consiste en

• every which way — de muchísimas maneras; por todas partes

• that’s not the right way — así no se hace

• without in any way wishing to — sin querer en lo más mínimo , sin tener intención alguna de

• you can’t have it both ways — tienes que optar por lo uno o lo otro

• each way — (Racing) (a) ganador y colocado

• either way I can’t help you — de todas formas no puedo ayudarle

• I will help you in every way possible — haré todo lo posible por ayudarte

• no way! * — ¡ni pensarlo!, ¡ni hablar!

• (in) one way or another — de una u otra manera or forma or modo

• in the ordinary way (of things) — por lo general, en general

• he has his own way of doing it — tiene su manera or forma or modo de hacerlo

• in the same way — de la misma manera or forma, del mismo modo

• we help in a small way — ayudamos un poco

• she’s clever that way — para esas cosas es muy lista

• to my way of thinking — a mi parecer, a mi manera or forma or modo de ver

• do it this way — hazlo así

in this way — así, de esta manera or forma or modo

it was this way… — pasó lo siguiente…

• that’s always the way with him — siempre le pasa igual

• to get one’s own way — salirse con la suya

• have it your own way! — ¡como quieras!

he had his wicked or evil way with her — hum se la llevó al huerto *, la sedujo

• to get into the way of doing sth — adquirir la costumbre de hacer algo

• to be/get out of the way of doing sth — haber perdido/perder la costumbre de hacer algo

— mend one’s ways

10)

• he has a way with people — tiene don de gentes

• in a way — en cierto sentido

• in many ways — en muchos sentidos

• he’s like his father in more ways than one — se parece a su padre en muchos sentidos

• in no way, not in any way — de ninguna manera, de manera alguna

• in some ways — en algunos sentidos

• things are in a bad way — las cosas van or marchan mal

• he’s in a fair way to succeed — tiene buenas posibilidades de lograrlo

• it looks that way — así parece

— be in the family way

13)

to gather way — empezar a moverse; (fig) encenderse

• by the way — a propósito, por cierto

how was your holiday, by the way? — a propósito or por cierto, ¿qué tal tus vacaciones?

Jones, which, by the way, is not his real name — Jones que, a propósito or por cierto, no es su verdadero nombre

oh, and by the way — antes que se me olvide

• by way of a warning — a modo de advertencia

• he had little in the way of formal education — tuvo poca educación formal

• to be under way — estar en marcha

to get under way — zarpar; partir, ponerse en camino; ponerse en marcha, empezar a moverse

ADV

• way down (below) — muy abajo

• it’s way out in Nevada — está allá en Nevada

• it’s way past your bedtime — hace rato que deberías estar en la cama

• it’s way too big — es demasiado grande

CPD

way station N — apeadero ; (fig) paso intermedio

* * *

I [weɪ]

the way in/out — la entrada/salida

this style is on the way in/out — este estilo se está poniendo/pasando de moda

you’ll soon find your way around the office/system — en poco tiempo te familiarizarás con la oficina/el sistema

I don’t know the way up/down — no sé por dónde se sube/se baja

b) (road, path) camino m, senda f

to be/get in the way — estorbar

if you’re ever down our way, call in — (colloq) si algún día andas por nuestra zona, ven a vernos

whichever way you look at it, it’s a disaster — es un desastre, lo mires por donde lo mires

to split something three/five ways — dividir algo en tres/cinco partes

you have to go back a long way, to the Middle Ages — hay que remontarse a la Edad Media

it’s a very long way down/up — hay una buena bajada/subida

(method, means) forma

, manera

, modo

all right, we’ll do it your way — muy bien, lo haremos a tu manera or como tú quieras

to do something the hard/easy way — hacer* algo de manera difícil/fácil

( manner) manera

, modo

, forma

the way I see it — tal y como yo lo veo, a mi modo or manera de ver

the way things are o stand at the moment — tal y como están las cosas en este momento

a) (custom, characteristic)

to get into/out of the way of something — (BrE) acostumbrarse a/perder* la costumbre de algo

b) (wish, will)

to get/have one’s (own) way — salirse* con la suya (or mía etc)

(feature, respect) sentido

, aspecto

in a way, it’s like losing an old friend — de alguna manera or en cierta forma or en cierto sentido es como perder a un viejo amigo

by the way — (indep) a propósito, por cierto

but that’s all by the way: what I really wanted to say was… — pero eso no es a lo que iba: lo que quería decir es que…

11)

a) ( via) vía, pasando por

by way of introduction/an apology — a modo or manera de introducción/disculpa

12)

13)

no way is he/she going to do it — de ninguna manera lo va a hacer (fam)

a) (break, collapse) <<ice/rope/cable>> romperse*; <<floor>> hundirse, ceder

b) (succumb, give in)

to give way (TO somebody/something) — ceder el paso (a algn/algo)

d) (be replaced, superseded by)

15)

English-spanish dictionary > way

5
play

noun

put on a play — ein Stück aufführen

2) Spielen, das; Spiel, das

say/do something in play — etwas aus od. im od. zum Spaß sagen/tun

play [up]on words — Wortspiel, das

3) Spiel, das; : Spielzug, der

be in/out of play — [Ball:] im Spiel/aus [dem Spiel] sein

make a play for somebody/something — hinter jemandem/etwas her sein ; es auf jemanden/etwas abgesehen haben

come into play, be brought or called into play — ins Spiel kommen

make [great] play with something — viel Wesen um etwas machen

5) Spiel, das ; Spielraum, der

give full play to one’s emotions/imagination — etc. seinen Gefühlen/seiner Fantasie usw. freien Lauf lassen

intransitive verb

play [up]on words — Wortspiele/ein Wortspiel machen

play safe — sichergehen; auf Nummer Sicher gehen

2) spielen (on auf +

Dat.

)

transitive verb

1) : spielen

play it by ear — es dem Augenblick/der Situation überlassen

2) spielen [Grammophon, Tonbandgerät]; abspielen [Schallplatte, Tonband]; spielen lassen [Radio]

3) spielen

play the fool/innocent — den Clown/Unschuldigen spielen

play a trick/joke on somebody — jemanden hereinlegen /jemandem einen Streich spielen

5) spielen [Fußball, Karten, Schach usw.]; spielen od. antreten gegen [Mannschaft, Gegner]

play a match — einen Wettkampf bestreiten; ein Spiel machen

he played me at chess/squash — er war im Schach/Squash mein Gegner

6) ausführen [Schlag]; schlagen [Ball]

Phrasal Verbs:

— academic.ru/56069/play_about»>play about

* * *

[plei]
1.

1) spielen

3) spielen

4) spielen

5) spielen

7) spielen

spielen

9) richten

10) ausspielen

1) das Spiel

2) das Schauspiel

3) das Spiel

4) der Spielraum

•

— player

— playable
— playful
— playfully
— playfulness
— playboy
— playground
— playing-card
— playing-field
— playmate
— playpen
— playschool
— plaything
— playtime
— playwright
— at play
— bring/come into play
— child’s play
— in play
— out of play
— play at
— play back
— play down
— play fair
— play for time
— play havoc with
— play into someone’s hands
— play off
— play off against
— play on
— play a
— no part in
— play safe
— play the game
— play up

* * *

[pleɪ]

to be at play beim Spiel sein, spielen

to do sth in play etw [nur] zum Spaß tun

it’s only in play es ist doch nur Spaß

rain stopped play wegen des Regens wurde das Spiel unterbrochen

the start/close of play der Beginn/das Ende des Spiels

to be in/out of play im Spiel/im Aus sein

to make a bad/good play ein schlechtes/gutes Spiel machen

a foul play ein Foul[spiel] nt

4. THEAT [Theater]stück nt

to go to see a play ins Theater gehen

one-act play Einakter m

radio play Hörspiel nt

television play Fernsehspiel nt, Fernsehfilm m

the play of emotion across his face revealed his conflict seine widerstreitenden Gefühle spiegelten sich in seinem Gesicht wider

the play of light [on sth] das Spiel des Lichts [auf etw dat]

to bring sth into play etw ins Spiel bringen, etw einsetzen

to come into play eine Rolle spielen

9. no pl (coverage) Medieninteresse nt, Aufmerksamkeit f in den Medien

to get a lot of play das Interesse der Medien auf sich akk ziehen, Thema Nummer eins sein fam

10.

▶ to make a play for sb/sth ( fam) sich akk an jdn/etw heranpirschen

▶ to make play with sth mit etw dat spielen

▶ to make great play of [or with] sth viel Aufhebens von etw dat machen

▶ play on words Wortspiel nt

▪ to play [somewhere] [irgendwo] spielen

can Jenny come out and play? kann Jenny zum Spielen rauskommen?

to play on the swings schaukeln

Leonora always plays to win Leonora will immer gewinnen

to play fair/rough fair/hart spielen

it wasn’t really playing fair not to tell her ( fig) es war nicht besonders fair, dass du ihr nichts gesagt hast

▪ to play against sb gegen jdn spielen

they’re a difficult team to play against diese Mannschaft ist ein schwieriger Gegner

to play for a city/team für eine Stadt/ein Team spielen

to play in attack/defence in der Offensive/als Verteidiger/Verteidigerin spielen

to play in goal den Torwart/die Torwartin spielen

to play in the match am Spiel teilnehmen

‘Hamlet’ is playing at the Guildhall in der Guildhall kommt zurzeit der ‚Hamlet‘

to play opposite sb mit jdm [zusammen] spielen

to play to a full house vor ausverkauftem Haus spielen

Macbeth played to full houses die Macbeth-Vorstellungen waren immer ausverkauft

the searchlights played across [or over] the facade die [Such]scheinwerfer strichen über die Fassade

we watched the light playing on the water wir beobachteten das Spiel des Lichts auf dem Wasser

she could hear the fountain playing sie hörte den Springbrunnen plätschern

a smile played across [or on] [or over] his lips ein Lächeln spielte um seine Lippen

to play for fun zum Spaß [o ohne Einsatz] spielen

to play for money um Geld spielen

how will this play with the voters? wie wird das bei den Wählern ankommen?

to play dumb sich akk taub stellen

10.

▶ to play fast and loose with sb/sth mit jdm/bei etw dat ein falsches Spiel spielen

▶ to not be playing with a full deck AM ( fam) nicht alle Tassen im Schrank haben fam

▶ to play to the gallery billige Effekthascherei betreiben pej; politician populistische Stammtischparolen ausgeben pej

▶ to play into sb’s hands jdm in die Hände arbeiten

▶ to play safe auf Nummer Sicher gehen fam

▶ to play for time versuchen, Zeit zu gewinnen, auf Zeit spielen

Luke plays centre forward/back Luke ist Mittelstürmer/Verteidiger

to play a match ein Spiel bestreiten, spielen

▪ to play sb gegen jdn spielen

James will be playing Theo James wird gegen Theo antreten

▪ to play the ball den Ball spielen; (execute)

to play a shot schießen; (in snooker) stoßen

to play a stroke schlagen

to play a part [or role] eine Rolle spielen

to play an important part in sth bei etw dat eine wichtige Rolle spielen

▪ to play sb/sth jdn/etw spielen; ( fig)

don’t play the innocent with me tu nicht so unschuldig

to play the fool [or clown] herumalbern, rumspinnen pej fam, sich akk zum Narren machen

to play host to sb jds Gastgeber/Gastgeberin sein

to play host to sth event etw ausrichten

▪ to play sth etw spielen

play us a song [or a song for us] then! spiel uns ein Lied [vor]!

to play sth by ear etw nach Gehör spielen

to play it by ear ( fig fam) improvisieren

to play an encore eine Zugabe geben

▪ to play sth etw spielen

to play the bagpipes/piano/violin Dudelsack/Klavier/Geige spielen

to play Berlin/London/San Francisco in Berlin/London/San Francisco spielen

▪ to play sth CD, tape etw [ab]spielen

to play the radio Radio hören

must you play your radio loud? musst du dein Radio so laut stellen?

to play one’s stereo seine Anlage anhaben fam

to play a video sich dat ein Video ansehen; (insert) eine Videokassette einlegen

they’re playing African music on the radio im Radio kommt gerade afrikanische Musik

to play the horses auf Pferde wetten

to play a slot machine an einem Spielautomaten spielen

to play the stock market an der Börse spekulieren

he’s always playing tricks der ist vielleicht ein Scherzkeks sl

▪ to play sth on [or onto] [or over] sth etw auf etw akk richten

the rescue team played searchlights over the area das Rettungsteam ließ Scheinwerfer über die Gegend schweifen

to play an ace/a king ein Ass/einen König [aus]spielen

to play a trump einen Trumpf spielen

▪ to play sb for sth jdn wie etw behandeln

19.

▶ to play ball [with sb] ( fam) [mit jdm] mitziehen [o mitspielen]

▶ to play [with] one’s cards close to one’s chest ( fam) seine Karten nicht offenlegen fig

▶ to play one’s cards right geschickt taktieren

▶ to play it cool ( fam) den Unbeteiligten spielen

▶ to play ducks and drakes with sb BRIT jdn schlecht behandeln

▶ to play sb false jdn hintergehen

▶ to play second fiddle [to sb] [im Verhältnis zu jdm] die zweite Geige spielen fam

▶ to play the field ( fam) sich akk umsehen

the firm continues to play the field and negotiate with other companies die Firma sondiert das Terrain und verhandelt mit weiteren Firmen

▶ to play the game BRIT sich akk an die [Spiel]regeln halten

▶ to play gooseberry BRIT ( fam) das fünfte Rad am Wagen sein fam; (chaperone) den Anstandswauwau spielen hum fam

▶ to play hard to get ( fam) sich akk unnahbar zeigen, einen auf unnahbar machen usu pej sl

▶ to play hardball esp AM ( fam) andere Saiten aufziehen fig

▶ to play havoc with sth etw durcheinanderbringen

▶ to play [merry] hell with sth ( fam) etw völlig durcheinanderbringen

▶ to play hook[e]y esp AM, AUS ( fam) blaumachen fam, schwänzen fam

▶ to play a [or one’s] hunch aus dem [hohlen] Bauch heraus agieren sl, seiner Nase folgen

▶ to play possum (sleeping) sich akk schlafend stellen; (ignorant) sich akk dumm stellen

▶ to play it safe auf Nummer Sicher gehen fam

▶ to play silly buggers BRIT (sl) sich akk wie ein Idiot aufführen

* * *

[pleɪ]

to do/say sth in play — etw aus Spaß tun/sagen

children at play —

children learn through play he lost £800 in a few hours’ play — Kinder lernen beim Spiel er hat beim Spiel innerhalb von ein paar Stunden £ 800 verloren

to be in play/out of play — im Spiel/im Aus sein

3) (TECH, MECH) Spiel

to come into play — ins Spiel kommen

1) spielen; aufstellen, einsetzen

to play shop — (Kaufmanns)laden spielen, Kaufmann spielen

to play a mean/dirty trick on sb — jdn auf gemeine/schmutzige Art hereinlegen

See:

to play it cautious/clever — vorsichtig/klug vorgehen

See:

3) spielen

to play sth through/over — etw durchspielen

4) richten

1) spielen

to go out to play —

to play at mothers and fathers/cowboys and Indians — Vater und Mutter/Cowboy und Indianer spielen

5) (

THEAT

) spielen; gespielt werden

6) (SPORT sich bespielen lassen

the pitch plays well/badly — auf dem Platz spielt es sich gut/schlecht

* * *

A s

1. (Glücks-, Wett-, Unterhaltungs) Spiel n ( auch SPORT)

2. Spiel(en) n:

a) spielen,

3. Spiel(weise) n(f):

fair play faires Spiel, a. fig Fairness f, Fairplay n, Anständigkeit f; → foul play

4. fig Spiel n, Spielerei f:

a play (up)on words ein Wortspiel

5. Kurzweil f, Vergnügen n, Zeitvertreib m

6. Scherz m, Spaß m:

7. a) Schauspiel n, (Theater-, Bühnen) Stück n

b) Vorstellung f:

8. MUS Spiel n, Vortrag m

9. (Liebes) Spiel(e) n(pl), (erotisches) Spiel

10. fig Spiel n (von Licht auf Wasser etc):

11. (flinke) Handhabung (meist in Zusammensetzungen): → swordplay

12. Tätigkeit f, Bewegung f, Gang m:

a) in Gang bringen,

b) ins Spiel oder zur Anwendung bringen, all seine Routine etc aufbieten;

a) Wirkung haben,

b) seinen Zweck erfüllen;

13. a) TECH Spiel n:

b) Bewegungsfreiheit f, fig auch Spielraum m:

14. umg Manöver n, Trick m, Schachzug m:

make a play for sich bemühen um, es abgesehen haben auf (akk)

15. US sl

a) Beachtung f

b) Publizität f, Propaganda f

B v/i

1. a) spielen ( auch MUS, SPORT, THEAT und fig)( for um Geld etc)

b) mitspielen (auch fig mitmachen):

play at Ball, Karten etc spielen; fig sich nur so nebenbei mit etwas beschäftigen;

play for time Zeit zu gewinnen suchen; SPORT auf Zeit spielen;

what do you think you are playing at? was soll denn das?;

play (up)on MUS auf einem Instrument spielen; mit Worten spielen; fig jemandes Schwächen (geschickt) ausnutzen;

play with spielen mit (a. fig einem Gedanken, jemandes Gefühlen etc; a. engS. herumfingern an);

play safe umg auf Nummer sicher gehen;

b) Schach: am Zug sein, ziehen:

3. a) herumspielen, sich amüsieren

b) Unsinn treiben

c) scherzen

4. a) sich tummeln

b) flattern, gaukeln

c) spielen (Lächeln, Licht etc) (on auf dat)

5. a) schießen

b) spritzen

c) strahlen, streichen:

play on gerichtet sein auf (akk), bespritzen (Schlauch, Wasserstrahl), anstrahlen, absuchen (Scheinwerfer)

6. TECH

a) Spiel (-raum) haben

b) sich bewegen (Kolben etc)

C v/t

1. Karten, Tennis etc, auch MUS, THEAT eine Rolle, ein Stück etc spielen, eine Nationalhymne abspielen, SPORT ein Spiel austragen:

a) erledigt‘, fertig, erschöpft,

b) verbraucht (Talent etc), abgetakelt (Schauspieler etc),

2. SPORT

a) antreten oder spielen gegen:

b) einen Spieler aufstellen, in die Mannschaft (auf)nehmen

4. spielen oder Vorstellungen geben in (dat):

5. ein Geschütz, einen Scheinwerfer, einen Licht- oder Wasserstrahl etc richten (on auf akk):

play colo(u)red lights on sth etwas bunt anstrahlen

* * *

noun

2) Spielen, das; Spiel, das

say/do something in play — etwas aus od. im od. zum Spaß sagen/tun

play [up]on words — Wortspiel, das

3) Spiel, das; : Spielzug, der

be in/out of play — [Ball:] im Spiel/aus [dem Spiel] sein

make a play for somebody/something — hinter jemandem/etwas her sein ; es auf jemanden/etwas abgesehen haben

come into play, be brought or called into play — ins Spiel kommen

make [great] play with something — viel Wesen um etwas machen

5) Spiel, das ; Spielraum, der

give full play to one’s emotions/imagination — etc. seinen Gefühlen/seiner Fantasie usw. freien Lauf lassen

intransitive verb

play [up]on words — Wortspiele/ein Wortspiel machen

play safe — sichergehen; auf Nummer Sicher gehen

2) spielen (on auf +

Dat.

)

transitive verb

play it by ear — es dem Augenblick/der Situation überlassen

2) spielen [Grammophon, Tonbandgerät]; abspielen [Schallplatte, Tonband]; spielen lassen [Radio]

3) spielen

play the fool/innocent — den Clown/Unschuldigen spielen

play a trick/joke on somebody — jemanden hereinlegen /jemandem einen Streich spielen

5) spielen [Fußball, Karten, Schach usw.]; spielen od. antreten gegen [Mannschaft, Gegner]

he played me at chess/squash — er war im Schach/Squash mein Gegner

6) ausführen [Schlag]; schlagen [Ball]

Phrasal Verbs:

* * *

(theatre) n.

Stück —e n.

Theaterstück n. n.

Schauspiel n.

Spiel —e n. (at) cards expr.

Karten spielen ausdr. v.

spielen v.

English-german dictionary > play

6
ἐν

ἐν prep. w. dat. (Hom.+). For lit. s. ἀνά and εἰς, beg. For special NT uses s. AOepke, TW II 534–39. The uses of this prep. are so many and various, and oft. so easily confused, that a strictly systematic treatment is impossible. It must suffice to list the main categories, which will help establish the usage in individual cases. The earliest auditors/readers, not being inconvenienced by grammatical and lexical debates, would readily absorb the context and experience little difficulty.

① marker of a position defined as being in a location, in, among (the basic idea, Rob. 586f)

ⓐ of the space or place within which someth. is found, in: ἐν τῇ πόλει Lk 7:37. ἐν Βηθλέεμ Mt 2:1. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 3:1 (Just., D. 19, 5, cp. A I, 12, 6 ἐν ἐρημίᾳ) ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ Ac 5:42. ἐν οἴκῳ 1 Ti 3:15 and very oft. ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house Lk 2:49 and perh. Mt 20:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302, C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός; PTebt 12, 3; POxy 523, 3; Tob 6:11 S; Goodsp., Probs. 81–83). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Mt 20:3. ἐν (τῷ) οὐρανῷ in heaven (Arat., Phaen. 10; Diod S 4, 61, 6; Plut., Mor. 359d τὰς ψυχὰς ἐν οὐρανῷ λάμπειν ἄστρα; Tat. 12, 2 τὰ ἄστρα τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ) Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3); Rv 12:1; IEph 19:2.—W. quotations and accounts of the subject matter of literary works: in (Ps.-Demetr. c. 226 ὡς ἐν τῷ Εὐθυδήμῳ; Simplicius in Epict. p. 28, 37 ἐν τῷ Φαίδωνι; Ammon. Hermiae in Aristot. De Interpret. c. 9 p. 136, 20 Busse ἐν Τιμαίῳ παρειλήφαμεν=we have received as a tradition; 2 Macc 2:4; 1 Esdr 1:40; 5:48; Sir 50:27; Just., A I, 60, 1 ἐν τῷ παρὰ Πλάτωνι Τιμαίῳ) ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9. ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Lk 24:44; J 1:45. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις Ac 13:40. ἐν Ἠλίᾳ in the story of Elijah Ro 11:2 (Just., D. 120, 3 ἐν τῷ Ἰούδα). ἐν τῷ Ὡσηέ 9:25 (Just., D. 44, 2 ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιήλ). ἐν Δαυίδ in the Psalter ( by David is also prob.: s. 6) Hb 4:7. ἐν ἑτέρῳ προφήτῃ in another prophet B 6:14. Of inner life φανεροῦσθαι ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσι be made known to (your) consciences 2 Cor 5:11. ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Mt 5:28; 13:19; 2 Cor 11:12 et al.

ⓑ on ἐν τῷ ὄρει (X., An. 4, 3, 31; Diod S 14, 16, 2 λόφος ἐν ᾧ=a hill on which; Jos., Ant. 12, 259; Just., D. 67, 9 ἐν ὄρει Χωρήβ) J 4:20f; Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ in the market Mt 20:3. ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mt 5:25. ἐν πλαξίν on tablets 2 Cor 3:3. ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν on the street corners Mt 6:5.

ⓒ within the range of, at, near (Soph., Fgm. 37 [34 N.²] ἐν παντὶ λίθῳ=near every stone; Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 19 ἐν Τύρῳ=near Tyre; Polyaenus 8, 24, 7 ἐν τῇ νησῖδι=near the island; Diog. L. 1, 34; 85; 97 τὰ ἐν ποσίν=what is before one’s feet; Jos., Vi. 227 ἐν Χαβωλώ) ἐν τῷ γαζοφυλακείῳ (q.v.) J 8:20. ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ near the pool of Siloam Lk 13:4. καθίζειν ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ τινος sit at someone’s right hand (cp. 1 Esdr 4:29) Eph 1:20; Hb 1:3; 8:1.

ⓓ among, in (Hom.+; PTebt 58, 41 [111 B.C.]; Sir 16:6; 31:9; 1 Macc 4:58; 5:2; TestAbr B 9 p. 13, 27 [Stone p. 74]; Just., A I, 5, 4 ἐν βαρβάροις) ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ in the generation now living Mk 8:38. ἐν τῷ γένει μου among my people Gal 1:14 (Just., D. 51, 1 al. ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν). ἐν ἡμῖν Hb 13:26. ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ in the crowd Mk 5:30 (cp. Sir 7:7). ἐν ἀλλήλοις mutually (Thu. 1, 24, 4; Just., D. 101, 3) Ro 1:12; 15:5. ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν (=among the commanding officers: Diod S 18, 61, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 21 §84) Ἰούδα Mt 2:6 et al. ἐν ἀνθρώποις among people (as Himerius, Or. 48 [14], 11; Just., A I, 23, 3, D. 64, 7) Lk 2:14; cp. Ac 4:12.

ⓔ before, in the presence of, etc. (cp. Od. 2, 194; Eur., Andr. 359; Pla., Leg. 9, 879b; Demosth. 24, 207; Polyb. 5, 39, 6; Epict. 3, 22, 8; Appian, Maced. 18 §2 ἐν τοῖς φίλοις=in the presence of his friends; Sir 19:8; Jdth 6:2; PPetr. II, 4 [6], 16 [255/254 B.C.] δινὸν γάρ ἐστιν ἐν ὄχλῳ ἀτιμάζεσθαι=before a crowd) σοφίαν λαλοῦμεν ἐν τοῖς τελείοις in the presence of mature (i.e. spiritually sophisticated) adults 1 Cor 2:6 (cp. Simplicius in Epict. p. 131, 20 λέγειν τὰ θεωρήματα ἐν ἰδιώταις). ἐν τ. ὠσὶν ὑμῶν in your hearing Lk 4:21 (cp. Judg 17:2; 4 Km 23:2; Bar 1:3f), where the words can go linguistically just as well w. πεπλήρωται as w. ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη (this passage of scripture read in your hearing). ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τινος in someone’s eyes, i.e. judgment (Wsd 3:2; Sir 8:16; Jdth 3:4; 12:14; 1 Macc 1:12) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:23). ἔν τινι in the same mng. as early as Trag. (Soph., Oed. C. 1213 ἐν ἐμοί=in my judgment, Ant. 925 ἐν θεοῖς καλά; also Pla., Prot. 337b; 343c) ἐν ἐμοί 1 Cor 14:11; possibly J 3:21 (s. 4c below) and Jd 1 belong here.—In the ‘forensic’ sense ἔν τινι can mean in someone’s court or forum (Soph., Ant. 459; Pla., Gorg. 464d, Leg. 11, 916b; Ael. Aristid. 38, 3 K.=7 p. 71 D.; 46 p. 283, 334 D.; Diod S 19, 51, 4; Ps.-Heraclit., Ep. 4, 6; but in several of these pass. the mng. does not go significantly beyond ‘in the presence of’ [s. above]) ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Cor 6:2 ( by you is also tenable; s. 6 below).

ⓕ esp. to describe certain processes, inward: ἐν ἑαυτῷ to himself, i.e. in silence, διαλογίζεσθαι Mk 2:8; Lk 12:17; διαπορεῖν Ac 10:17; εἰδέναι J 6:61; λέγειν Mt 3:9; 9:21; Lk 7:49; εἰπεῖν 7:39 al.; ἐμβριμᾶσθαι J 11:38.

② marker of a state or condition, in

ⓐ of being clothed and metaphors assoc. with such condition in, with (Hdt. 2, 159; X., Mem. 3, 11, 4; Diod S 1, 12, 9; Herodian 2, 13, 3; Jdth 10:3; 1 Macc 6:35; 2 Macc 3:33) ἠμφιεσμένον ἐν μαλακοῖς dressed in soft clothes Mt 11:8. περιβάλλεσθαι ἐν ἱματίοις Rv 3:5; 4:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων come in sheep’s clothing Mt 7:15. περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖς walk about in long robes Mk 12:38 (Tat. 2, 1 ἐν πορφυρίδι περιπατῶν); cp. Ac 10:30; Mt 11:21; Lk 10:13. ἐν λευκοῖς in white (Artem. 2, 3; 4, 2 ἐν λευκοῖς προϊέναι; Epict. 3, 22, 1) J 20:12; Hv 4, 2, 1. Prob. corresp. ἐν σαρκί clothed in flesh (cp. Diod S 1, 12, 9 deities appear ἐν ζῴων μορφαῖς) 1 Ti 3:16; 1J 4:2; 2J 7. ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ in all his glory Mt 6:29 (cp. 1 Macc 10:86). ἐν τ. δόξῃ τοῦ πατρός clothed in his Father’s glory 16:27; cp. 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:31.

ⓑ of other states and conditions (so freq. w. γίνομαι, εἰμί; Attic wr.; PPetr II, 11 [1], 8 [III B.C.] γράφε, ἵνα εἰδῶμεν ἐν οἷς εἶ; 39 [g], 16; UPZ 110, 176 [164 B.C.] et al.; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 2 πάλιν ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ γενέσθαι; 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι; Tat. 20, 1f οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ ἄπειρος ὁ οὐρανός, … πεπερασμένος δὲ καὶ ἐν τέρματι; Mel., HE 4, 26, 6 ἐν … λεηλασίᾳ ‘plundering’): ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις Lk 16:23. ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ 1J 3:14. ἐν ζωῇ Ro 5:10. ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς Phlm 13 (Just., A II, 2, 11 ἐν δ. γενέσθαι). ἐν πειρασμοῖς 1 Pt 1:6; ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκός Ro 8:3. ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι 1 Th 2:2. ἐν φθορᾷ in a state of corruptibility 1 Cor 15:42. ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχειν 2 Cor 10:6 (cp. PEleph 10, 7 [223/222 B.C.] τ. λοιπῶν ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ὄντων; PGen 76, 8; 3 Macc 5:8); ἐν ἐκστάσει in a state of trance Ac 11:5 (opp. Just., D, 115, 3 ἐν καταστάσει ὤν). Of qualities: ἐν πίστει κ. ἀγάπῃ κ. ἁγιασμῷ 1 Ti 2:15; ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ Tit 3:3; ἐν πανουργίᾳ 2 Cor 4:2; ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ σεμνότητι 1 Ti 2:2; ἐν τῇ ἀνοχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:26; ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7; ἐν δόξῃ Phil 4:19.

③ marker of extension toward a goal that is understood to be within an area or condition, into: ἐν is somet. used w. verbs of motion where εἰς would normally be expected (Diod S 23, 8, 1 Ἄννων ἐπέρασε ἐν Σικελίᾳ; Hero I 142, 7; 182, 4; Paus. 7, 4, 3 διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ; Epict. 1, 11, 32; 2, 20, 33; Aelian, VH 4, 18; Vett. Val. 210, 26; 212, 6 al., s. index; Pel.-Leg. 1, 4; 5; 2, 1; PParis 10, 2 [145 B.C.] ἀνακεχώρηκεν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ; POxy 294, 4; BGU 22, 13; Tob 5:5 BA; 1 Macc 10:43; TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 23=Stone p. 60 [s. on the LXX Thackeray 25]; πέμψον αὐτοὺς ἐν πολέμῳ En 10:9; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 22 [Stone p. 14] δάκρυα … ἐν τῷ νιπτῆρι πίπτοντα): εἰσέρχεσθαι Lk 9:46; Rv 11:11; ἀπάγειν GJs 6:1; ἀνάγειν 7:1; εἰσάγειν 10:1; καταβαίνειν J 5:3 (4) v.l.; ἀναβαίνειν GJs 22:13; ἀπέρχεσθαι (Diod S 23, 18, 5) Hs 1:6; ἥκειν GJs 5:1; ἀποστέλλειν 25:1. To be understood otherwise: ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λόγος ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ the word went out = spread in all Judaea Lk 7:17; likew. 1 Th 1:8. The metaphorical expr. ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous Lk 1:17 is striking but consistent w. the basic sense of ἐν. S. also γίνομαι, δίδωμι, ἵστημι, καλέω, and τίθημι. ἐν μέσῳ among somet. answers to the question ‘whither’ (B-D-F §215, 3) Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 8:7.

④ marker of close association within a limit, in

ⓐ fig., of pers., to indicate the state of being filled w. or gripped by someth.: in someone=in one’s innermost being ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα in him dwells all the fullness Col 2:9. ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα (prob. to be understood as local, not instrumental, since ἐν αὐ. would otherwise be identical w. διʼ αὐ. in the same vs.) everything was created in association with him 1:16 (cp. M. Ant. 4, 23 ἐν σοὶ πάντα; Herm. Wr. 5, 10; AFeuillet, NTS 12, ’65, 1–9). ἐν τῷ θεῷ κέκρυπται ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν your life is hid in God 3:3; cp. 2:3. Of sin in humans Ro 7:17f; cp. κατεργάζεσθαι vs. 8. Of Christ who, as a spiritual being, fills people so as to be in charge of their lives 8:10; 2 Cor 13:5, abides J 6:56, lives Gal 2:20, and takes form 4:19 in them. Of the divine word: οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν 1J 1:10; μένειν ἔν τινι J 5:38; ἐνοικεῖν Col 3:16. Of God’s spirit: οἰκεῖν (ἐνοικεῖν) ἔν τινι Ro 8:9, 11; 1 Cor 3:16; 2 Ti 1:14. Of spiritual gifts 1 Ti 4:14; 2 Ti 1:6. Of miraculous powers ἐνεργεῖν ἔν τινι be at work in someone Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; ποιεῖν ἔν τινι εὐάρεστον Hb 13:21. The same expr. of God or evil spirits, who somehow work in people: 1 Cor 12:6; Phil 2:13; Eph 2:2 al.

ⓒ esp. in Paul. or Joh. usage, to designate a close personal relation in which the referent of the ἐν-term is viewed as the controlling influence: under the control of, under the influence of, in close association with (cp. ἐν τῷ Δαυιδ εἰμί 2 Km 19:44): of Christ εἶναι, μένειν ἐν τῷ πατρί (ἐν τῷ θεῷ) J 10:38; 14:10f (difft. CGordon, ‘In’ of Predication or Equivalence: JBL 100, ’81, 612f); and of Christians 1J 3:24; 4:13, 15f; be or abide in Christ J 14:20; 15:4f; μένειν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ πατρί 1J 2:24. ἔργα ἐν θεῷ εἰργασμένα done in communion with God J 3:21 (but s. 1e above).—In Paul the relation of the individual to Christ is very oft. expressed by such phrases as ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν κυρίῳ etc., also vice versa (FNeugebauer, NTS 4, ’57/58, 124–38; AWedderburn, JSNT 25, ’85, 83–97) ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός Gal 2:20, but here in the sense of a above.—See, e.g., Dssm., D. ntl. Formel ‘in Christo Jesu’ 1892; EWeber, D. Formel ‘in Chr. Jesu’ u. d. paul. Christusmystik: NKZ 31, 1920, 213ff; LBrun, Zur Formel ‘in Chr. Jesus’ im Phil: Symbolae Arctoae 1, 1922, 19–37; MHansen, Omkring Paulus-Formeln ‘i Kristus’: TK 4/10, 1929, 135–59; HBöhlig, ʼΕν κυρίῳ: GHeinrici Festschr. 1914, 170–75; OSchmitz, D. Christusgemeinschaft d. Pls² ’56; AWikenhauser, D. Christusmystik d. Pls² ’56; KMittring, Heilswirklichkeit b. Pls; Beitrag z. Verständnis der unio cum Christo in d. Plsbriefen 1929; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik d. Ap. Pls 1930 (Eng. tr., WMontgomery, The Myst. of Paul the Ap., ’31); WSchmauch, In Christus ’35; BEaston, Pastoral Ep. ’47, 210f; FBüchsel, ‘In Chr.’ b. Pls: ZNW 42, ’49, 141–58. Also HKorn, D. Nachwirkungen d. Christusmystik d. Pls in den Apost. Vätern, diss. Berlin 1928; EAndrews, Interpretation 6, ’52, 162–77; H-LParisius, ZNW 49, ’58, 285–88 (10 ‘forensic’ passages); JAllan, NTS 5, ’58/59, 54–62 (Eph), ibid. 10, ’63, 115–21 (pastorals); FNeugebauer, In Christus, etc. ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body ( 1 Cor 15) ’62, 110–13.—Paul has the most varied expressions for this new life-principle: life in Christ Ro 6:11, 23; love in Christ 8:39; grace, which is given in Christ 1 Cor 1:4; freedom in Chr. Gal 2:4; blessing in Chr. 3:14; unity in Chr. vs. 28. στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ stand firm in the Lord Phil 4:1; εὑρεθῆναι ἐν Χ. be found in Christ 3:9; εἶναι ἐν Χ. 1 Cor 1:30; οἱ ἐν Χ. Ro 8:1.—1 Pt 5:14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χ., ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ 1 Cor 15:18.—Rv 14:13; ζῳοποιεῖσθαι 1 Cor 15:22.—The formula is esp. common w. verbs that denote a conviction, hope, etc. πεποιθέναι Gal 5:10; Phil 1:14; 2 Th 3:4. παρρησίαν ἔχειν Phlm 8. πέπεισμαι Ro 14:14. ἐλπίζειν Phil 2:19. καύχησιν ἔχειν Ro 15:17; 1 Cor 15:31. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Phil 4:2. ὑπακούειν Eph 6:1. λαλεῖν 2 Cor 2:17; 12:19. ἀλήθειαν λέγειν Ro 9:1. λέγειν καὶ μαρτύρεσθαι Eph 4:17. But also apart fr. such verbs, in numerous pass. it is used w. verbs and nouns of the most varied sort, often without special emphasis, to indicate the scope within which someth. takes place or has taken place, or to designate someth. as being in close assoc. w. Christ, and can be rendered, variously, in connection with, in intimate association with, keeping in mind ἁγιάζεσθαι 1 Cor 1:2, or ἅγιος ἐν Χ. Phil 1:1; ἀσπάζεσθαί τινα 1 Cor 16:19. δικαιοῦσθαι Gal 2:17. κοπιᾶν Ro 16:12. παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 4:1. προσδέχεσθαί τινα Ro 16:2; Phil 2:29. χαίρειν 3:1; 4:4, 10. γαμηθῆναι ἐν κυρίῳ marry in the Lord=marry a Christian 1 Cor 7:39. προϊστάμενοι ὑμῶν ἐν κυρίῳ your Christian leaders (in the church) 1 Th 5:12 (but s. προί̈στημι 1 and 2).—εὐάρεστος Col 3:20. νήπιος 1 Cor 3:1. φρόνιμος 4:10. παιδαγωγοί vs. 15. ὁδοί vs. 17. Hence used in periphrasis for ‘Christian’ οἱ ὄντες ἐν κυρίῳ Ro 16:11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Χ. 2 Cor 12:2; αἱ ἐκκλησίαι αἱ ἐν Χ. Gal 1:22; 1 Th 2:14; νεκροὶ ἐν Χ. 4:16; ἐκλεκτός Ro 16:13. δόκιμος vs. 10. δέσμιος Eph 4:1. πιστὸς διάκονος 6:21; ἐν Χ. γεννᾶν τινα become someone’s parent in the Christian life 1 Cor 4:15. τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν κυρίῳ 9:1.—The use of ἐν πνεύματι as a formulaic expression is sim.: ἐν πν. εἶναι be under the impulsion of the spirit, i.e. the new self, as opposed to ἐν σαρκί under the domination of the old self Ro 8:9; cp. ἐν νόμῳ 2:12. λαλεῖν speak under divine inspiration 1 Cor 12:3. ἐγενόμην ἐν πνεύματι I was in a state of inspiration Rv 1:10; 4:2; opp. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος came to himself Ac 12:11 (cp. X., An. 1, 5, 17 et al.).—The expr. ἐν πν. εἶναι is also used to express the idea that someone is under the special infl. of a good or even an undesirable spirit: Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; Lk 2:27; 1 Cor 12:3; Rv 17:3; 21:10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πν. ἀκαθάρτῳ (ὤν) Mk 1:23 (s. GBjörck, ConNeot 7, ’42, 1–3).—ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι be in the power of the evil one 1J 5:19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ those who are subject to the law Ro 3:19. ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ ἀποθνῄσκειν die because of a connection w. Adam 1 Cor 15:22.—On the formula ἐν ὀνόματι (Χριστοῦ) s. ὄνομα 1, esp. dγג. The OT is the source of the expr. ὀμνύναι ἔν τινι swear by someone or someth. (oft. LXX) Mt 5:34ff; 23:16, 18ff; Rv 10:6; παραγγέλλομέν σοι ἐν Ἰησοῦ Ac 19:14 v.l. The usage in ὁμολογεῖν ἔν τινι acknowledge someone Mt 10:32; Lk 12:8 (s. ὁμολογέω 4b) is Aramaic.

⑤ marker introducing means or instrument, with, a construction that begins w. Homer (many examples of instrumental ἐν in Radermacher’s edition of Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. p. 100; Reader, Polemo p. 258) but whose wide currency in our lit. is partly caused by the infl. of the LXX, and its similarity to the Hebr. constr. w. בְּ (B-D-F §219; Mlt. 104; Mlt-H. 463f; s. esp. M-M p. 210).

ⓐ it can serve to introduce persons or things that accompany someone to secure an objective: ‘along with’

α. pers., esp. of a military force, w. blending of associative (s. 4) and instrumental idea (1 Macc 1:17; 7:14, 28 al.): ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπαντῆσαι meet, w. 10,000 men Lk 14:31 (cp. 1 Macc 4:6, 29 συνήντησεν αὐτοῖς Ἰούδας ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ἀνδρῶν). ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ Jd 14 (cp. Jdth 16:3 ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ).

β. impers. (oft. LXX; PTebt 41, 5 [c. 119 B.C.]; 16, 14 [114 B.C.]; 45, 17 al., where people rush into the village or the house ἐν μαχαίρῃ, ἐν ὅπλοις). (Just., D. 86, 6 τῆς ἀξίνης, ἐν ἧ πεπορευμένοι ἦσαν … κόψαι ξύλα) ἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔρχεσθαι come with a stick (as a means of discipline) 1 Cor 4:21 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Mort. 23, 3 Ἑρμῆν καθικόμενον ἐν τῇ ῥάβδῳ; Gen 32:11; 1 Km 17:43; 1 Ch 11:23; Dssm., B 115f [BS 120]). ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας with the full blessing Ro 15:29. ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ Mt 16:28. ἐν αἵματι Hb 9:25 (cp. Mi 6:6). ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι 1J 5:6. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει τοῦ Ἠλίου equipped w. the spirit and power of Elijah Lk 1:17. φθάνειν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ come with the preaching of the gospel 2 Cor 10:14. μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ not burdened w. old leaven 1 Cor 5:8.

ⓑ it can serve to express means or instrumentality in terms of location for a specific action (cp. TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 5f [Stone p. 30] κρατῶν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ζυγόν; Tat. 9, 2 οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεσσοῖς ἀθύροντες ‘those who play w. gaming pieces’ [as, e.g., in backgammon]): κατακαίειν ἐν πυρί Rv 17:16 (cp. Bar 1:2; 1 Esdr 1:52; 1 Macc 5:5 al.; as early as Il. 24, 38; cp. POxy 2747, 74; Aelian, HA 14, 15. Further, the ἐν Rv 17:16 is not textually certain). ἐν ἅλατι ἁλίζειν, ἀρτύειν Mt 5:13; Mk 9:50; Lk 14:34 (s. M-M p. 210; WHutton, ET 58, ’46/47, 166–68). ἐν τῷ αἵματι λευκαίνειν Rv 7:14. ἐν αἵματι καθαρίζειν Hb 9:22. ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἀποκτείνειν kill with the sword Rv 6:8 (1 Esdr 1:50; 1 Macc 2:9; cp. 3:3; Jdth 16:4; ἀπολεῖ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ En 99:16; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] ἐν ῥ. πεσῇ … πεσοῦνται ἐν μαχαίρῃ; cp. Lucian, Hist. Conscrib. 12 ἐν ἀκοντίῳ φονεύειν). ἐν μαχαίρῃ πατάσσειν Lk 22:49 (διχοτομήσατε … ἐν μ. GrBar 16:3); ἐν μ. ἀπόλλυσθαι perish by the sword Mt 26:52. ποιμαίνειν ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ Rv 2:27; 12:5; 19:15 (s. ποιμαίνω 2aγ and cp. PGM 36, 109). καταπατεῖν τι ἐν τοῖς ποσίν tread someth. w. the feet Mt 7:6 (cp. Sir 38:29). δύο λαοὺς βλέπω ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου I see two peoples with my eyes GJs 17:2 (ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὀρᾶν=see with the eyes: cp. Il. 1, 587; Od. 8, 459; Callinus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 1, 20 Diehl²). ποιεῖν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι do a mighty deed w. one’s arm Lk 1:51 (cp. Sir 38:30); cp. 11:20. δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν τῷ αἵματι be justified by the blood Ro 5:9. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2; ἐν τ. παρακλήσει 2 Cor 7:7. εὐλογεῖν ἐν εὐλογίᾳ Eph 1:3. λαλοῦντες ἑαυτοῖς ἐν ψάλμοις 5:19. ἀσπάσασθαι … ἐν εὐχῇ greet w. prayer GJs 24:1. Of intellectual process γινώσκειν ἔν τινι know or recognize by someth. (cp. Thuc. 7, 11, 1 ἐν ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε; Sir 4:24; 11:28; 26:29) J 13:35; 1J 3:19; cp. ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου in the breaking of bread Lk 24:35 (s. 10c).—The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).—ἐν ᾧ whereby Ro 14:21.—The idiom ἀλλάσσειν, μεταλλάσσειν τι ἔν τινι exchange someth. for someth. else Ro 1:23, 25 (cp. Ps 105:20) is not un-Greek (Soph., Ant. 945 Danaë had to οὐράνιον φῶς ἀλλάξαι ἐν χαλκοδέτοις αὐλαῖς=change the heavenly light for brass-bound chambers).

⑥ marker of agency: with the help of (Diod S 19, 46, 4 ἐν τοῖς μετέχουσι τοῦ συνεδρίου=with the help of the members of the council; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 7, 9 p. 259, 31 ἐν ἐκείνῳ ἑαλωκότες) ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια Mt 9:34. ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις λαλεῖν 1 Cor 14:21. κρίνειν τ. οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρί Ac 17:31 (cp. SIG² 850, 8 [173/172 B.C.] κριθέντω ἐν ἄνδροις τρίοις; Synes., Ep. 91 p. 231b ἐν ἀνδρί); perh. 1 Cor 6:2 (s. 1e); ἀπολύτρωσις ἐν Χρ. redemption through Christ Ro 3:24 (cp. ἐν αὐτῷ σωθήσεσθε Just., A I, 60, 3).

⑦ marker of circumstance or condition under which someth. takes place: ἐν ᾧ κρίνεις Ro 2:1 (but s. B-D-F §219, 2); ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει 14:22; ἐν ᾧ καυχῶνται 2 Cor 11:12; ἐν ᾧ τις τολμᾷ 11:21; ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν whereas they slander 1 Pt 2:12, cp. 3:16 (on these Petrine pass. s. also ὅς 1k); ἐν ᾧ ξενίζονται in view of your changed attitude they consider it odd 4:4. ἐν ᾧ in 3:19 may similarly refer to a changed circumstance, i.e. from death to life (WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits, ’65, esp. 135–42: ‘in this sphere, under this influence’ [of the spirit]). Other possibilities: as far as this is concerned: πνεῦμα• ἐν ᾧ spirit; as which (FZimmermann, APF 11, ’35, 174 ‘meanwhile’ [indessen]; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism, ’46, 108–15: ‘on that occasion’=when he died).—Before a substantive inf. (oft. LXX; s. KHuber, Unters. über den Sprachchar. des griech. Lev., diss. Zürich 1916, 83): in that w. pres. inf. (POxy 743, 35 [2 B.C.] ἐν τῷ δέ με περισπᾶσθαι οὐκ ἠδυνάσθην συντυχεῖν Ἀπολλωνίῳ; Just., D. 10, 3 ἐν τῷ μήτε σάββατα τηρεῖν μήτε …) βασανιζομένους ἐν τῷ ἐλαύνειν as they were having rough going in the waves=having a difficult time making headway Mk 6:48. ἐθαύμαζον ἐν τῷ χρονίζειν … αὐτόν they marveled over his delay Lk 1:21. ἐν τῷ τὴν χεῖρα ἐκτείνειν σε in that you extend your hand Ac 4:30; cp. 3:26; Hb 8:13. W. aor. inf. ἐν τῷ ὑποτάξαι αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα Hb 2:8. Somet. the circumstantial and temporal (s. 7 and 10) uses are so intermingled that it is difficult to decide between them; so in some of the pass. cited above, and also Hv 1, 1, 8 et al. (B-D-F §404, 3; Rob. 1073).—WHutton, Considerations for the Translation of ἐν, Bible Translator 9, ’58, 163–70; response by NTurner, ibid. 10, ’59, 113–20.—On ἐν w. article and inf. s. ISoisalon-Soininen, Die Infinitive in der LXX, ’65, 80ff.

⑧ marker denoting the object to which someth. happens or in which someth. shows itself, or by which someth. is recognized, to, by, in connection with: ζητεῖν τι ἔν τινι require someth. in the case of someone 1 Cor 4:2; cp. ἐν ἡμῖν μάθητε so that you might learn in connection w. us vs. 6. Cp. Phil 1:30. ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί that this may be done in my case 1 Cor 9:15 (Just., D. 77, 3 τοῦτο γενόμενον ἐν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ Χριστῷ). ἐδόξαζον ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν θεόν perh. they glorified God in my case Gal 1:24, though because of me and for me are also possible. μήτι ἐν ἐμοὶ ἀνεκεφαλαιώθη ἡ ἱστορία GJs 13:1 (s. ἀνακεφαλαιόω 1). ποιεῖν τι ἔν τινι do someth. to (with) someone (Epict., Ench. 33, 12; Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 18 μὴ ἑτεροῖόν τι ποιήσῃς ἐν ἐμοί; Gen 40:14; Jdth 7:24; 1 Macc 7:23) Mt 17:12; Lk 23:31. ἐργάζεσθαί τι ἔν τινι Mk 14:6. ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι have someth. in someone J 3:15 (but ἐν αὐτῷ is oft. constr. w. πιστεύων, cp. v.l.); cp. 14:30 (s. BNoack, Satanas u. Soteria ’48, 92). ἵνα δικαιοσύνης ναὸν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ σώματι ἀναδείξῃ AcPlCor 2:17 (s. ἀναδείκνυμι 1).—For the ordinary dat. (Diod S 3, 51, 4 ἐν ἀψύχῳ ἀδύνατον=it is impossible for a lifeless thing; Ael. Aristid. 49, 15 K.=25 p. 492 D.: ἐν Νηρίτῳ θαυμαστὰ ἐνεδείξατο=[God] showed wonderful things to N.; 53 p. 629 D.: οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς βελτίστοις εἰσὶ παῖδες, ἐν δὲ πονηροτάτοις οὐκέτι=it is not the case that the very good have children, and the very bad have none [datives of possession]; 54 p. 653 D.: ἐν τ. φαύλοις θετέον=to the bad; EpJer 66 ἐν ἔθνεσιν; Aesop, Fab. 19, 8 and 348a, 5 v.l. Ch.) ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοί Gal 1:16. φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς Ro 1:19 (Aesop 15c, 11 Ch. τ. φανερὸν ἐν πᾶσιν=evident to all). ἐν ἐμοὶ βάρβαρος (corresp. to τῷ λαλοῦντι βάρβ.) 1 Cor 14:11 (Amphis Com. [IV B.C.] 21 μάταιός ἐστιν ἐν ἐμοί). δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις Ac 4:12. θεῷ … ἐν ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:14.—Esp. w. verbs of striking against: προσκόπτω, πταίω, σκανδαλίζομαι; s. these entries.

⑨ marker of cause or reason, because of, on account of (PParis 28, 13=UPZ 48, 12f [162/161 B.C.] διαλυόμενοι ἐν τῷ λιμῷ; Ps 30:11; 1 Macc 16:3 ἐν τῷ ἐλέει; 2 Macc 7:29; Sir 33:17)

ⓐ gener. ἁγιάζεσθαι ἔν τινι Hb 10:10; 1 Cor 7:14. ἐν τ. ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν Ro 1:24; perh. ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα 9:7; Hb 11:18 (both Gen 21:12). ἐν τῇ πολυλογίᾳ αὐτῶν because of their many words Mt 6:7. ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν this is the reason why we believe J 16:30; cp. Ac 24:16; 1 Cor 4:4 (Just., D. 68, 7 οὐχὶ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δυσωπήσω ὑμᾶς μὴ πείθεσθαι τοῖς διδασκάλοις ὑμῶν=‘surely you will be convinced by this [argument] to lose confidence in your teachers, won’t you?’); perh. 2 Cor 5:2. Sim., of the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ at this statement Ac 7:29; cp. 8:6. W. attraction ἐν ᾧ = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that = because Ro 8:3; Hb 2:18; 6:17.

ⓑ w. verbs that express feeling or emotion, to denote that toward which the feeling is directed; so: εὐδοκεῖν (εὐδοκία), εὐφραίνεσθαι, καυχᾶσθαι, χαίρειν et al.

⑩ marker of a period of time, in, while, when

ⓐ indicating an occurrence or action within which, at a certain point, someth. occurs Mt 2:1. ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις 3:1. ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς afterward Lk 7:11. ἐν τῷ μεταξύ meanwhile (PTebt 72, 190; PFlor 36, 5) J 4:31. in the course of, within ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις (X., Ages. 1, 34; Diod S 13, 14, 2; 20, 83, 4; Arrian, Anab. 4, 6, 4 ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις; Aelian, VH 1, 6; IPriene 9, 29; GDI 1222, 4 [Arcadia] ἰν ἁμέραις τρισί; EpArist 24; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1:3 Jac.) Mt 27:40; J 2:19f.

ⓑ point of time when someth. occurs ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως Mt 11:22 (En 10:6; Just., D. 38, 2; Tat. 12, 4). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ J 6:44; 11:24; 12:48; cp. 7:37. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ Mt 8:13; 10:19; cp. 7:22; J 4:53. ἐν σαββάτῳ 12:2; J 7:23. ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ J 11:9 (opp. ἐν τῇ νυκτί vs. 10). ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ on the second visit Ac 7:13. ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ in the new age Mt 19:28. ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ 1 Cor 15:23; 1 Th 2:19; 3:13; Phil 2:12 (here, in contrast to the other pass., there is no reference to the second coming of Christ.—Just., D. 31, 1 ἐν τῇ ἐνδόξῳ γινομένῃ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ; 35, 8; 54, 1 al.); 1J 2:28. ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει in the resurrection Mt 22:28; Mk 12:23; Lk 14:14; 20:33; J 11:24 (Just., D. 45, 2 ἐν τῇ τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσει). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι at the last trumpet-call 1 Cor 15:52. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει at the appearance of Jesus/Christ (in the last days) 2 Th 1:7; 1 Pt 1:7, 13; 4:13.

ⓒ to introduce an activity whose time is given when, while, during (Diod S 23, 12, 1 ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις=in the case of this kind of behavior) ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ when (you) pray Mt 21:22. ἐν τῇ στάσει during the revolt Mk 15:7. ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ in the course of his teaching Mk 4:2; 12:38. If Lk 24:35 belongs here, the sense would be on the occasion of, when (but s. 5b). ἐν αὐτῷ in it (the preaching of the gospel) Eph 6:20. γρηγοροῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ (τῇ προσευχῇ) while you are watchful in it Col 4:2. Esp. w. the pres. inf. used substantively: ἐν τῷ σπείρειν while (he) sowed Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; cp. 6:48 (s. 7 above and βασανίζω); ἐν τῷ καθεύδειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους while people were asleep Mt 13:25; ἐν τῷ κατηγορεῖσθαι αὐτόν during the accusations against him 27:12. W. the aor. inf. the meaning is likewise when. Owing to the fundamental significance of the aor. the action is the focal point (s. Rob. 1073, opp. B-D-F §404) ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι τὴν φωνήν Lk 9:36. ἐν τῷ ἐπανελθεῖν αὐτόν 19:15. ἐν τῷ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτούς 9:34.—W. ἐν ᾦ while, as long as (Soph., Trach. 929; Cleanthes [IV/III B.C.] Stoic. I p. 135, 1 [Diog. L. 7, 171]; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 11 Jac.; Plut., Mor. 356c; Arrian, Anab. 6, 12, 1; Pamprepios of Panopolis [V A.D.] 1, 22 [ed. HGerstinger, SBWienAk 208/3, 1928]) Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34; 24:44 D; J 5:7.

⑪ marker denoting kind and manner, esp. functioning as an auxiliary in periphrasis for adverbs (Kühner-G. I 466): ἐν δυνάμει w. power, powerfully Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ justly Ac 17:31; Rv 19:11 (cp. Just., A II, 4, 3 and D. 16, 3; 19, 2 ἐν δίκῃ). ἐν χαρᾷ joyfully Ro 15:32. ἐν ἐκτενείᾳ earnestly Ac 26:7. ἐν σπουδῇ zealously Ro 12:8. ἐν χάριτι graciously Gal 1:6; 2 Th 2:16. ἐν (πάσῃ) παρρησίᾳ freely, openly J 7:4; 16:29; Phil 1:20. ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ Ac 5:23. ἐν τάχει (PHib 47, 35 [256 B.C.] ἀπόστειλον ἐν τάχει) Lk 18:8; Ro 16:20; Rv 1:1; 22:6. ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7 (belongs prob. not to σοφία, but to λαλοῦμεν: in the form of a secret; cp. Polyb. 23, 3, 4; 26, 7, 5; Just., D. 63, 2 Μωυσῆς … ἐν παραβολῇ λέγων; 68, 6 εἰρήμενον … ἐν μυστηρίῳ; Diod S 17, 8, 5 ἐν δωρεαῖς λαβόντες=as gifts; 2 Macc 4:30 ἐν δωρεᾷ=as a gift; Sir 26:3; Polyb. 28, 17, 9 λαμβάνειν τι ἐν φερνῇ). Of the norm: ἐν μέτρῳ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου μέρους acc. to the measure of each individual part Eph 4:16. On 1 Cor 1:21 s. AWedderburn, ZNW 64, ’73, 132–34.

⑫ marker of specification or substance: w. adj. πλούσιος ἐν ἐλέει Eph 2:4; cp. Tit 2:3; Js 1:8.—of substance consisting in (BGU 72, 11 [191 A.D.] ἐξέκοψαν πλεῖστον τόπον ἐν ἀρούραις πέντε) τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν Eph 2:15. ἐν μηδενὶ λειπόμενοι Js 1:4 (contrast Just., A I, 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι). Hb 13:21a.— amounting to (BGU 970, 14=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 242, 14f [177 A.D.] προσηνενκάμην αὐτῷ προοῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις) πᾶσαν τὴν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε Ac 7:14.—Very rarely for the genitive (Philo Mech. 75, 29 τὸ ἐν τῷ κυλίνδρῳ κοίλασμα; EpArist 31 ἡ ἐν αὐτοῖς θεωρία = ἡ αὐτῶν θ.; cp. 29; Tat. 18, 1 πᾶν τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ εἶδος) ἡ δωρεὰ ἐν χάριτι the free gift in beneficence or grace Ro 5:15.—DELG. LfgrE s.v. ἐν col. 569 (lit. esp. early Greek). M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐν

7
say

[seɪ] vt <said, said>

to say sth etw sagen;

how do you say your name in Japanese? wie spricht man deinen Namen auf Japanisch aus?;

I’m sorry, what did you say? Entschuldigung, was hast du gesagt?;

to say sth to sb’s face jdm etw ins Gesicht sagen;

when all is said and done, you can only do your best letzten Endes kann man sich nur bemühen, sein Bestes zu geben

to say sth etw sagen;

what did they say about the house? was haben sie über das Haus gesagt?;

what did you say to him? was hast du ihm gesagt?;

‘the department manager is at lunch,’ he said apologetically „der Abteilungsleiter ist beim Mittagessen“, meinte er bedauernd;

another cup of tea? — I wouldn’t say no ( fam) noch eine Tasse Tee? — da würde ich nicht Nein sagen;

to say goodbye to sb jdm auf Wiedersehen sagen, sich akk von jdm verabschieden;

if Europe fails to agree on this, we can say goodbye to any common foreign policy ( fam) wenn Europa sich hierauf nicht einigen kann, können wir jegliche gemeinsame Außenpolitik vergessen;

to say the least um es [einmal] milde auszudrücken;

he’s rather unreliable to say the least er ist ziemlich unzuverlässig, und das ist noch schmeichelhaft ausgedrückt;

you can say that again! ( fam) das kannst du laut sagen ( fam)

to have anything/ nothing/something to say [to sb] [jdm] irgendetwas/nichts/etwas zu sagen haben;

I’ve got something to say to you ich muss Ihnen etwas sagen;

to say yes/ no to sth etw annehmen/ablehnen;

having said that,… abgesehen davon…

to say sth etw sagen;

what are you saying, exactly? was willst du eigentlich sagen?;

say what? echt? ( fam)

he talked for nearly an hour, but actually he said very little er redete beinahe eine Stunde lang, aber eigentlich sagte er sehr wenig;

needless to say [that] he disagreed with all the suggestions, as usual natürlich war er, wie immer, mit keinem der Vorschläge einverstanden;

to have a lot/nothing to say for oneself viel/nicht viel reden;

what have you got to say for yourself? was hast du zu deiner Rechtfertigung zu sagen?;

say no more! alles klar!;

to say nothing of sth ganz zu schweigen von etw dat;

it would be an enormous amount of work, to say nothing of the cost es wäre ein enormer Arbeitsaufwand, ganz abgesehen von den Kosten

it is said [that] he’s over 100 er soll über 100 Jahre alt sein;

she is a firm leader, too firm, some might say sie ist eine strenge Führungskraft, zu streng, wie manche vielleicht sagen würden;

say what you like, I still can’t believe it du kannst sagen, was du willst, aber ich kann es noch immer nicht glauben;

to say sth to oneself sich dat etw sagen;

she said to herself, ‘what a fool I am!’ „was bin ich doch für eine Idiotin“, sagte sie zu sich selbst

to say sth etw aufsagen;

to say a prayer ein Gebet sprechen

to say sth etw sagen;

the sign says… auf dem Schild steht…;

can you read what that notice says? kannst du lesen, was auf der Mitteilung steht?;

it says on the bottle to take three tablets a day auf der Flasche heißt es, man soll drei Tabletten täglich einnehmen;

my watch says 3 o’clock auf meiner Uhr ist es 3 [Uhr]

to say something/ a lot about sb/ sth etwas/eine Menge über jdn/etw aussagen;

the way he drives says a lot about his character sein Fahrstil sagt eine Menge über seinen Charakter aus;

to say something for sb/ sth für jdn/etw sprechen;

it says a lot for her determination that she practises her cello so often dass sie so oft Cello übt, zeigt ihre Entschlossenheit;

to say sth etw ausdrücken;

to say sth etw vorschlagen;

I say we start looking for a hotel now ich schlage vor, wir suchen uns jetzt ein Hotel;

what do you say we sell the car? was hältst du davon, wenn wir das Auto verkaufen?

10) (tell, command)

to say when/where etc. sagen, wann/wo usw.;

to say when sagen, wenn es genug ist [o reicht];

[let’s] say… sagen wir [mal]…;

( assuming) nehmen wir an, angenommen;

try and finish the work by, let’s say, Friday versuchen Sie die Arbeit bis, sagen wir mal, Freitag fertig zu machen;

[let’s] say [that] the journey takes three hours, that means you’ll arrive at 2 o’clock angenommen die Reise dauert drei Stunden, das heißt, du kommst um 2 Uhr an

PHRASES:

to say amen to sth Amen zu etw dat sagen;

I’ll say amen to that ich bin dafür;

to say cheese ‚cheese‘ sagen;

to be unable to say boo to a goose ein Hasenfuß sein (iron, pej) ( fam)

he’s so shy he couldn’t say boo to a goose er ist so schüchtern, er könnte keiner Fliege etwas zuleide tun;

before sb could say Jack Robinson bevor jd bis drei zählen konnte;

to say uncle (Am) ( esp childspeak) sich akk geschlagen geben, aufgeben;

to say the word Bescheid geben;

just say the word, and I’ll come and help sag nur ein Wort und ich komme zu Hilfe;

you don’t say [so]! was du nicht sagst!;

you said it! ( fam) du sagst es! vi <said, said>

where was he going? — he didn’t say wo wollte er hin? — das hat er nicht gesagt;

is it possible? — who can say? ist das möglich? — wer kann das schon sagen?;

I appreciate the gesture more than I can say ich kann gar nicht sagen, wie ich die Geste schätze;

I can’t say for certain, but… ich kann es nicht mit Sicherheit behaupten, aber…;

hard to say schwer zu sagen;

I can’t say das kann ich nicht sagen [o weiß ich nicht];

it’s not for sb to say es ist nicht an jdm, etw zu sagen;

I think we should delay the introduction, but of course it’s not for me to say ich denke, wir sollten die Einführung hinausschieben, aber es steht mir natürlich nicht zu, das zu entscheiden;

not to say… um nicht zu sagen…

is Spanish a difficult language to learn? — they say not ist Spanisch schwer zu lernen? — angeblich nicht

… that is to say…… das heißt…;

our friends, that is to say our son’s friends, will meet us at the airport unsere Freunde, genauer gesagt, die Freunde unseres Sohnes, werden uns am Flughafen treffen;

that is not to say das soll nicht heißen;

he’s so gullible, but that is not to say that he is stupid er ist so leichtgläubig, aber das soll nicht heißen, dass er dumm ist

PHRASES:

how say you? law wie lautet Ihr Urteil? n

to have one’s say seine Meinung sagen;

can’t you keep quiet for a minute and let me have my say? könnt ihr mal eine Minute ruhig sein, damit ich auch mal zu Wort kommen kann? ( fam)

to have a/no say in sth bei etw dat ein/kein Mitspracherecht haben adj

attr, inv ( form);

the said… der/die/das erwähnte [o genannte]… interj

say, how about going out tonight? sag mal, was hältst du davon, wenn wir heute Abend ausgehen? ( fam)

I say, what a splendid hat you’re wearing! Donnerwetter, das ist ja ein toller Hut, den du da trägst! ( fam)

2) (to show surprise, doubt etc)

I [mean to [or must]] say! [also,] ich muss [schon] sagen!; (fam: for emphasis)

says you! das glaubst aber auch nur du! ( fam)

says who? wer sagt das?

say, that’s really a great idea! Mensch, das ist ja echt eine tolle Idee! ( fam)

English-German students dictionary > say

8
to

[tu:, tu, tə] prep

she walked over to the window sie ging [hinüber] zum Fenster [o ans Fenster];

to the right/ left nach rechts/links;

there to the right dort rechts;

he’s standing to the left of Adrian er steht links neben Adrian;

to the north/ south nördlich/südlich;

twenty miles to the north of the city zwanzig Meilen nördlich der Stadt;

the suburbs are to the west of the city die Vororte liegen im Westen der Stadt;

parallel to the x axis parallel zur x-Achse;

we’re going to town wir gehen/fahren in die Stadt;

to the mountains in die Berge;

to the sea ans Meer;

to the park in den Park;

from here to the station von hier [bis] zum Bahnhof;

the way to the town centre der Weg ins Stadtzentrum;

they go to work on the bus sie fahren mit dem Bus zur Arbeit;

I’m going to a party/ concert ich gehe auf eine Party/ein Konzert;

she has to go to a meeting now sie muss jetzt zu einem Meeting [gehen];

we moved to Germany last year wir sind letztes Jahr nach Deutschland gezogen;

he flew to the US er flog in die USA;

she’s never been to Mexico before sie ist noch nie [zuvor] in Mexiko gewesen;

my first visit to Africa mein erster Aufenthalt in Afrika;

this is a road to nowhere! diese Straße führt nirgendwohin!

she goes to kindergarten sie geht in den Kindergarten;

he goes to college er geht zur Hochschule [o studiert an der Hochschule];

do you go to church? gehst du in die Kirche?;

I go to the gym twice a week ich gehe zweimal wöchentlich in die Turnhalle

an invitation to a wedding eine Einladung zu einer Hochzeit;

I’ve asked them to dinner ich habe sie zum Essen eingeladen;

she took me out to lunch yesterday sie hat mich gestern zum Abendessen ausgeführt [o eingeladen];

she pointed to a distant spot on the horizon sie zeigte auf einen fernen Punkt am Horizont;

to have one’s back to sth/sb etw/jdm den Rücken zudrehen;

back to front verkehrt herum

they were dancing cheek to cheek sie tanzten Wange an Wange;

she put her hand to his breast sie legte die Hand auf seine Brust;

she clasped the letter to her bosom sie drückte den Brief an ihren Busen

tie the lead to the fence mache die Leine am Zaun fest;

they fixed the bookshelves to the wall sie brachten die Bücherregale an der Wand an;

stick the ads to some paper klebe die Anzeigen auf ein Blatt Papier

I lent my bike to my brother ich habe meinem Bruder mein Fahrrad geliehen;

give that gun to me gib mir das Gewehr;

he is married to his cousin Emma er ist mit seiner Kusine Emma verheiratet;

I told that to Glyn ich habe das Glyn erzählt;

you should show that rash to the doctor du solltest den Ausschlag dem Arzt zeigen;

what have they done to you? was haben sie dir [an]getan?;

children are often cruel to each other Kinder sind oft grausam zueinander;

who’s the letter addressed to? an wen ist der Brief gerichtet [o adressiert] ?;

her knowledge proved useful to him ihr Wissen erwies sich als hilfreich für ihn;

I am deeply grateful to my parents ich bin meinen Eltern zutiefst dankbar;

a threat to world peace eine Bedrohung des Weltfriedens [o für den Weltfrieden];

they made a complaint to the manager sie reichten beim Geschäftsleiter eine Beschwerde ein

and what did you say to that? und was hast du dazu gesagt?;

he finally confessed to the crime er gestand schließlich das Verbrechen;

this is essential to our strategy dies ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil unserer Strategie;

a reference to Psalm 22:18 ein Verweis auf Psalm 22:18;

her reply to the question ihre Antwort auf die Frage;

and what was her response to that? und wie lautete ihr Antwort darauf?

the keys to his car seine Autoschlüssel;

the top to this pen die Kappe zu diesem Stift;

she has a mean side to her sie kann auch sehr gemein sein;

there is a very moral tone to this book dieses Buch hat einen sehr moralischer Ton;

there’s a funny side to everything alles hat auch seine komische Seite

I prefer beef to seafood ich ziehe Rindfleisch Meeresfrüchten vor;

frogs’ legs are comparable to chicken Froschschenkel sind mit Hühnerfleisch vergleichbar;

a colonel is superior to a sergeant ein Oberst ist ein höherer Dienstgrad als ein Unteroffizier;

she looked about thirty to his sixty gegenüber seinen sechzig Jahren wirkte sie wie dreißig;

[to be] nothing to sth nichts im Vergleich zu etw dat [sein];

her wage is nothing to what she could earn ihr Einkommen steht in keinem Vergleich zu dem, was sie verdienen könnte

Paul beat me by three games to two Paul hat im Spiel drei zu zwei gegen mich gewonnen;

Manchester won three to to one Manchester hat drei zu eins gewonnen

I read up to page 100 ich habe bis Seite 100 gelesen;

unemployment has risen to almost 8 million die Arbeitslosigkeit ist auf fast 8 Millionen angestiegen;

count to 20 bis 20 zählen;

it’s about fifty miles to New York es sind [noch] etwa fünfzig Meilen bis New York

he converted to Islam er ist zum Islam übergetreten;

his expression changed from amazement to joy sein Ausdruck wechselte von Erstaunen zu Freude;

the change to the metric system der Wechsel zum metrischen System;

her promotion to department manager ihre Beförderung zur Abteilungsleiterin;

the meat was cooked to perfection das Fleisch war perfekt zubereitet [worden];

he drank himself to death er trank sich zu Tode;

she nursed me back to health sie hat mich [wieder] gesund gepflegt;

smashed to pieces in tausend Stücke geschlagen;

she was close to tears sie war den Tränen nahe;

he was thrilled to bits er freute sich wahnsinnig

the shop is open to 8.00 p.m. der Laden hat bis 20 Uhr geöffnet;

we’re in this to the end wir führen dies bis zum Ende;

and to this day… und bis auf den heutigen Tag…;

it’s only two weeks to your birthday! es sind nur noch zwei Wochen bis zu deinem Geburtstag!

from… to… von… bis…;

from beginning to end von Anfang bis Ende;

from morning to night von Kopf bis Fuß;

front to back von vorne bis hinten, von allen Seiten;

I read the document front to back ich habe das Dokument von vorne bis hinten gelesen;

he’s done everything from snowboarding to windsurfing er hat von Snowboarden bis Windsurfen alles [mal] gemacht;

from simple theft to cold-blooded murder vom einfachen Diebstahl bis zum kaltblütigen Mord

it’s twenty to six es ist zwanzig vor sechs

to my relief/ horror/ astonishment zu meiner Erleichterung/meinem Entsetzen/meinem Erstaunen;

much to her surprise zu ihrer großen Überraschung

to me, it sounds like he’s ending the relationship für mich hört sich das an, als ob er die Beziehung beenden wollte;

that outfit looks good to me das Outfit gefällt mir gut;

if it’s acceptable to you wenn Sie einverstanden sind;

this would be to your advantage das wäre zu deinem Vorteil, das wäre für dich von Vorteil;

does this make any sense to you? findest du das auf irgendeine Weise einleuchtend?;

fifty pounds is nothing to him fünfzig Pfund bedeuten ihm nichts;

what’s it to you? ( fam) was geht dich das an?

as a personal trainer to the rich and famous als persönlicher Trainer der Reichen und Berühmten;

they are hat makers to Her Majesty the Queen sie sind Hutmacher Ihrer Majestät, der Königin;

economic adviser to the president Wirtschaftsberater des Präsidenten; film ( next to)

she was Ophelia to Olivier’s Hamlet sie spielte die Ophelia neben Oliviers Hamlet

here’s to you! auf dein/Ihr Wohl!;

to the cook! auf den Koch/die Köchin!;

the record is dedicated to her mother die Schallplatte ist ihrer Mutter gewidmet;

I propose a toast to the bride and groom ich bringe einen Toast auf die Braut und den Bräutigam aus;

a memorial to all the soldiers who died in Vietnam ein Denkmal für alle im Vietnamkrieg gefallenen Soldaten

the car gets 25 miles to the gallon das Auto verbraucht eine Gallone auf 25 Meilen;

three parts oil to one part vinegar drei Teile Öl auf einen Teil Essig;

the odds are 2 to 1 that you’ll lose die Chancen stehen 2 zu 1, dass du verlierst

she awoke to the sound of screaming sie erwachte von lautem Geschrei;

he left the stage to the sound of booing er ging unter den Buhrufen von der Bühne;

I like exercising to music ich trainiere gern zu [o mit] Musik;

I can’t dance to this sort of music ich kann zu dieser Art Musik nicht tanzen;

the band walked on stage to rapturous applause die Band zog unter tosendem Applaus auf die Bühne

thirty to thirty-five people dreißig bis fünfunddreißig Leute

ten to the power of three zehn hoch drei

PHRASES:

that’s all there is to it das ist schon alles;

there’s not much [or nothing] to it das ist nichts Besonderes, da ist nichts Besonderes dabei in forming infinitives

she agreed to help sie erklärte sich bereit zu helfen;

I’ll have to tell him ich werde es ihm sagen müssen;

I don’t expect to be finished any later than seven ich denke, dass ich spätestens um sieben fertig sein werde;

sadly she didn’t live to see her grandchildren leider war es ihr nicht vergönnt, ihre Enkel noch zu erleben;

I have to go on a business trip ich muss auf eine Geschäftsreise;

the company is to pay over £500,000 die Firma muss über £500.000 bezahlen;

he’s going to write his memoirs er wird seine Memoiren schreiben;

I have some things to be fixed ich habe einige Dinge zu reparieren;

Blair to meet with Putin Blair trifft Putin;

be about to do sth gerade etw tun wollen, im Begriff sein etw zu tun

she was told to have the report finished by Friday sie wurde gebeten, den Bericht bis Freitag fertig zu stellen;

he told me to wait er sagte mir, ich solle warten;

I asked her to give me a call ich bat sie, mich anzurufen;

we asked her to explain wir baten sie, es uns zu erklären;

you’ve not to do that du sollst das nicht tun;

that man is not to come here again der Mann darf dieses Haus nicht mehr betreten;

young man, you’re to go to your room right now junger Mann, du gehst jetzt auf dein Zimmer

I need to eat something first ich muss zuerst etwas essen;

I’d love to live in New York ich würde liebend [o nur zu] gern in New York leben;

would you like to dance? möchten Sie tanzen?;

that child ought to be in bed das Kind sollte [schon] im Bett sein;

I want to go now ich möchte jetzt gehen;

I need to go to the bathroom ich muss noch einmal zur [o auf die] Toilette;

do you want to come with us? willst du [mit uns] mitkommen?;

I’d love to go to France this summer ich würde diesen Sommer gern nach Frankreich fahren

are you going tonight? — I’m certainly hoping to gehst du heute Abend? — das hoffe ich sehr;

would you like to go and see the Russian clowns? — yes, I’d love to möchtest du gern die russischen Clowns sehen? — ja, sehr gern;

can you drive? — yes I’m able to but I prefer not to kannst du Auto fahren? — ja, das kann ich, aber ich fahre nicht gern

it’s not likely to happen es ist unwahrscheinlich, dass das geschieht, das wird wohl kaum geschehen;

I was afraid to tell her ich hatte Angst, es ihr zu sagen;

he’s able to speak four languages er spricht vier Sprachen;

she’s due to have her baby sie soll bald ihr Baby bekommen;

I’m afraid to fly ich habe Angst vorm Fliegen;

she’s happy to see you back sie ist froh, dass du wieder zurück bist;

I’m sorry to hear that es ist tut mir leid, das zu hören;

easy to use leicht zu bedienen;

languages are fun to learn Sprachenlernen macht Spaß;

it is interesting to know that es ist interessant, das zu wissen;

three months is too long to wait drei Monate zu warten ist zu lang;

I’m too nervous to talk right now ich bin zu nervös, um jetzt zu sprechen

I’m going there to see my sister ich gehe dort hin, um meine Schwester zu treffen;

she’s gone to pick Jean up sie ist Jean abholen gegangen;

my second attempt to make flaky pastry mein zweiter Versuch, einen Blätterteig zu machen;

they have no reason to lie sie haben keinerlei Grund zu lügen;

I have the chance to buy a house cheaply ich habe die Gelegenheit, billig ein Haus zu kaufen;

something to eat etwas zu essen;

the first person to arrive die erste Person, die ankam [o eintraf];

Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon Armstrong war der erste Mann, der je den Mond betrat

we tried to help wir versuchten zu helfen;

to make this cake, you’ll need… für diesen Kuchen braucht man…;

he managed to escape es gelang ihm zu entkommen

I don’t know what to do ich weiß nicht, was ich tun soll;

I don’t know where to begin ich weiß nicht, wo ich anfangen soll;

she was wondering whether to ask David about it sie fragte sich, ob sie David deswegen fragen sollte;

can you tell me how to get there? könne Sie mir sagen, wie ich dort hinkomme?

to tell the truth [or to be truthful] um die Wahrheit zu sagen;

to be quite truthful with you, Dave, I never really liked the man ich muss dir ehrlich sagen, Dave, ich konnte diesen Mann noch nie leiden;

to be honest um ehrlich zu sein

he looked up to greet his guests er blickte auf, um seine Gäste zu begrüßen;

she reached out to take his hand sie griff nach seiner Hand;

they turned around to find their car gone sie drehten sich um und bemerkten, dass ihr Auto verschwunden war adv

to push [or pull] the door to die Tür zuschlagen;

to come to zu sich dat kommen;

to set to sich akk daranmachen ( fam)

they set to with a will, determined to finish the job sie machten sich mit Nachdruck daran, entschlossen, die Arbeit zu Ende zu bringen

English-German students dictionary > to

9
line

1) ( mark) Linie f;

dividing line Trennungslinie f;

straight line gerade Linie;

to draw a line eine Linie ziehen

straight line Gerade f

6) mus Tonfolge f

the Lline die Linie, der Äquator

( boundary) Grenze f, Grenzlinie f;

the thin line between love and hate der schmale Grat zwischen Liebe und Hass;

to cross the line die Grenze überschreiten ( fig), zu weit gehen

[clothes] line Wäscheleine f;

[fishing] line Angelschnur f

lines will be open from eight o’clock die Leitungen werden ab acht Uhr frei[geschaltet] sein;

can you get me a line to New York? können Sie mir bitte eine Verbindung nach New York geben?;

the line is engaged/ busy die Leitung ist besetzt;

please hold the line! bitte bleiben Sie am Apparat!;

get off the line! geh aus der Leitung!;

bad line schlechte Verbindung;

to be/stay on the line am Apparat sein/bleiben;

to come [or go] on line ans Netz gehen; comput online gehen

the end of the line die Endstation;

rail line Eisenbahnlinie f;

shipping line Schifffahrtslinie f; ( company) Reederei f

13) (row of words, also in poem) Zeile f;

to drop sb a line jdm ein paar Zeilen schreiben;

to read between the lines ( fig) zwischen den Zeilen lesen

lines pl Text m;

to forget/learn one’s lines seinen Text lernen/vergessen

to get a line on sb/ sth etwas über jdn/etw herausfinden;

to give sb a line about sth jdm einen Hinweis auf etw akk geben;

to give sb a line on sb jdm Informationen über jdn besorgen

16) (false account, talk)

he keeps giving me that line about his computer not working properly er kommt mir immer wieder mit dem Spruch, dass sein Computer nicht richtig funktioniere;

I’ve heard that line before die Platte kenne ich schon in- und auswendig! ( fam)

lines pl Strafarbeit f;

she got 100 lines for swearing at her teacher da sie ihren Lehrer beschimpft hatte, musste sie zur Strafe 100 Mal… schreiben

to be first in line an erster Stelle stehen; ( fig) ganz vorne dabei sein;

to be next in line als Nächster/Nächste dran sein;

to be in a line in einer Reihe stehen;

the cans on the shelf were in a line die Büchsen waren im Regal aufgereiht;

to be in line for sth mit etw dat an der Reihe sein;

to form a line sich akk in einer Reihe aufstellen;

to get into line sich akk hintereinander aufstellen;

to move into line sich akk einreihen

I want to have children to prevent the family line dying out ich möchte Kinder, damit die Familie nicht ausstirbt;

this institute has had a long line of prestigious physicists working here dieses Institut kann auf eine lange Tradition angesehener Physiker zurückblicken;

he is the latest in a long line of Nobel Prize winners to come from that country er ist der jüngste einer ganzen Reihe von Nobelpreisträgern aus diesem Land

to get in line sich akk anstellen;

to stand in line anstehen

they are thinking about a new line of vehicles sie denken über eine neue Kraftfahrzeugserie nach;

(Brit, Aus)

they do an excellent line in TVs and videos sie stellen erstklassige Fernseher und Videogeräte her;

spring/ summer/ fall/winter line Frühjahrs-/Sommer-/Herbst-/Winterkollektion f;

to have a good line in [or (Am) of] sth ( fig) einen großen Vorrat an etw dat haben

football’s never really been my line mit Fußball konnte ich noch nie besonders viel anfangen;

what’s your line? was machen Sie beruflich?;

line of business Branche f;

line of research Forschungsgebiet nt;

line of work Arbeitsgebiet nt;

to be in sb’s line jdm liegen

line of argument Argumentation f;

to be in the line of duty zu jds Pflichten pl gehören;

line of reasoning Gedankengang m;

to take a strong line with sb jdm gegenüber sehr bestimmt auftreten;

to take a strong line with sth gegen etw akk energisch vorgehen;

they did not reveal their line of inquiry sie teilten nicht mit, in welcher Richtung sie ermittelten;

what line shall we take? wie sollen wir vorgehen?

along the lines of…;

she said something along the lines that he would lose his job if he didn’t work harder sie sagte irgendetwas in der Richtung davon, dass er seine Stelle verlieren würde, wenn er nicht härter arbeiten würde;

my sister works in publishing and I’m hoping to do something along the same lines meine Schwester arbeitet im Verlagswesen und ich würde gerne etwas Ähnliches tun;

to try a new line of approach to sth versuchen, etw anders anzugehen;

the line of least resistance der Weg des geringsten Widerstandes;

line of vision Blickrichtung f;

to be on the right lines auf dem richtigen Weg sein;

do you think his approach to the problem is on the right lines? glauben Sie, dass er das Problem richtig angeht?

party line Parteilinie f;

to bring sb/sth into line [with sth] jdn/etw auf gleiche Linie [wie etw akk] bringen;

to fall into line with sth mit etw dat konform gehen;

to keep sb in line dafür sorgen, dass jd nicht aus der Reihe tanzt;

to move into line sich akk anpassen;

to step out of line aus der Reihe tanzen

line of battle Kampflinie f;

behind enemy lines hinter den feindlichen Stellungen;

front line Front f

to do a line of cocaine [or coke], to do lines koksen ( fam)

PHRASES:

all along the line auf der ganzen Linie;

right down the line ( esp Am) voll und ganz;

to bring sb into line jdn in seine Schranken weisen;

to lay it on the line die Karten offen auf den Tisch legen;

to put sth on the line etw aufs Spiel setzen;

it was stepping out of line to tell him that es stand dir nicht zu, ihm das zu sagen;

in/out of line with sb/ sth mit jdm/etw im/nicht im Einklang;

to be on the line auf dem Spiel stehen vt

to line sth paper etw linieren;

her face was lined with agony ihr Gesicht war von tiefem Schmerz gezeichnet

to line the streets die Straßen säumen ( geh)

the streets were lined with cheering people jubelnde Menschenmengen säumten die Straßen

2. line [laɪn] vt

to line sth clothing etw füttern; drawers etw von innen auslegen; pipes etw auskleiden

to line one’s pockets [or purse] [with sth] sich dat die Taschen [mit etw dat] füllen;

to line shelves Regale füllen;

to line one’s stomach sich dat den Magen vollschlagen ( fam)

English-German students dictionary > line

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The seller has left feedback for your or
она его и съела
The seller has left feedback for your or
ты говоришь быстро
Расскажите нам о нем
Hello !Nice to meet you.How are you toda
когда мы поедим домой и я привезу много
Warehouse
Read the fable The country mouse and the
уже
Dear friend: Thank you for supporting ou
Организация»Спасайте детей» зародилась в
Лампу получили, всем довольны!Возможно в
печальных мыслей
Dear friend: Thank you for supporting ou
your current default speech engine does
my house is small and a little bit shabb
Қанағаттандандырылмағандықтарыңыздан
Рядом с креслом стоит стол
на кухне стоит холодильник и плита
askim menim
I’m not receiving a Steam Guard code
Она знаменита своими магазинами
Лампу получили, всем довольны!Возможно в

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На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

изучать слова и

выучить слова и

учить слова и

We — my brother and I — had to learn words and grammar rules, which didnt.

Мы — мой брат и я — должны были изучать слова и грамматические правила, которые, казалось, не имеют смысла для нас в то время.

These exercises help to learn words and phrases in English with the help of video fragments.

Эти упражнения помогают с помощью отрывков видео изучать слова и фразы английского языка.

That means you can learn words and phrases from each show depending on your interest.

Иными словами, что вы сможете выучить слова и фразы из каждого шоу — все зависит лишь от ваших интересов.

RankBrain has helped Hummingbird provide more accurate results because it can learn words and phrases it may not know.

RankBrain помог Hummingbird (алгоритм поисковой системы Google) предоставить более точные результаты, потому что он может выучить слова и фразы, которые он может не знать.

Doing this, you use the best way to learn words and expressions — in context.

При этом вы используете оптимальный способ изучения слов и выражений — в контексте.

Pick your topic of interest and learn words and phrases related to that topic until you master it.

Выберите интересующую вас тему и изучите слова и фразы, относящиеся к этой теме, пока не усвоите их.

During this period the children learn words and expressions in foreign language in parallel with their native language and without any worries.

В этот период дети изучают слова и выражения на иностранном языке параллельно с их родным языком и без каких-либо притеснений.

They learn words and colors faster.

Students not only learn words and rules, but first of all they learn to understand and speak Russian.

Студенты не просто запоминают слова и правила, а учатся общаться на русском языке.

There have been documented cases of parrots having the ability to not just mindlessly repeat sounds they hear, but actually learn words and hold conversations.

Есть документально подтвержденные случаи того, что попугаи могут не просто бездумно повторять звуки, которые они слышат, но на самом деле распознавать слова и вести беседу.

You can learn words and their definitions, but how do you connect them?

Вы можете узнать термины, определения, но как они взаимосвязаны между собой?

It has a faster pace in some areas, but still keeps with the easy to learn words and a fairly repetitive lyrical structure.

Этот хит имеет более быстрый темп в некоторых местах, но все еще содержит возможность с легкостью узнавать слова и довольно простую повторяющуюся лирическую структуру.

This is why you need to zoom out, you can’t just learn words and hope you’ll eventually end up speaking idiomatically correct Chinese.

Вот почему Вам нужно уменьшить масштаб, Вы не можете просто учить слова и надеяться, что в конце концов, Вы будете использовать правильные идиомы на китайском.

You should also learn words and vocabulary that pertain specifically to you, so you’re able to talk about your life and your background to people you meet.

Также необходимо выучить слова, относящиеся лично к вам, чтобы вы могли рассказывать о себе, о своей жизни и о людях, с которыми вы знакомы.

Translating is an important part of learning any language as that is how we learn words and phrases in the early stages of acquiring the English language of study.

Перевод является еще одной важной частью изучения любого языка, так как это способ, с помощью которого мы изучаем слова и фразы на ранних этапах обучения.

The English language is considered to be accessible and relatively easy toTo learn about 750 yew. learn words and spelling, which can very quickly be used wisely.

Английский язык считается доступным и относительно легким для того, чтобы узнать около 750 тис. слов и выучить правописания, которые можно очень быстро грамотно использовать.

The researchers analyzed videos of children playing in their homes with their caregivers to understand how children communicate before they learn words and how they make the transition to speaking.

Исследователи проанализировали видео детей, играющих дома с родителями, чтобы понять, как они общаются до того, как выучат слова, и как переходят к разговору.

Furbies can learn words and phrases and then they will speak them at random.

Забавные уточки умеют запоминать фразы и мелодии, а затем исполнять их на свой лад.

This means you either have to read (reading), or write (writing), or listen to (listening), or to say (speaking), or to learn words and phrases (learning words and phrases) in a foreign language.

Это означает, вы должны либо читать (reading), либо писать (writing), либо слушать (listening), либо говорить (speaking), либо учить слова и фразы (learning words and phrases) на английском языке.

Learn words and expressions from any of the lesson and replay the scene with dialogue.

Выучите слова и выражения из какого-либо урока и разыграйте сценку с диалогами.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 20. Точных совпадений: 20. Затраченное время: 86 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Источник

Предложения с «learn the words»

In other words , when kids get outside and practice bravery, they learn valuable life lessons.	Другими словами , когда дети выходят на улицу и тренируют смелость, они получают ценные жизненные уроки.
We learn new words and write exercises.	Мы учим новые слова , делаем упражнения и учим правила.
I like to learn new words , to dramatize texts and dialogues, discuss interesting things.	Я хотел бы учить новые слова , разыгрывать тексты и диалоги, обсуждать интересные вещи.
Studying the English language under the guidance of the University teachers I want to learn much about the history of words , their origin and usage in ancient times.	Изучая английский язык под руководством преподавателей университета, я хочу многое узнать о происхождении слов и их употреблении в давние времена.
I learn new words by heart, work at grammar doing innumerable exercises and listen to foreign speech, trying to answer the questions.	Я изучаю новые слова наизусть , работа над грамматикой, делающей неисчислимые упражнения и слушаю иностранную речь, пробуя ответить на вопросы.
On the English lessons we read and translate the text and learn new words .	На английских уроках мы читаем и переводим текст и изучаем новые слова .
You learn the alphabet and you have all the tools you need to spell any word that exists.	Ты выучиваешь азбуку, и обретаешь средство передать любое существующее слово .
Each word was something I had to learn and memorize separately from the handtalk spelling.	Мне приходилось выучивать и запоминать каждое слово безотносительно к его записи на языке жестов.
Learn to preserve their timelessness amid the routine of everyday actions, amid the numbness of banal words .	Научиться сберегать их вечность в рутине повседневных действий, в тупости расхожих слов.
Yes, when you learn you’re alone and live in despair Then words don’t come easily.	Да, когда учишься жить в одиночестве и страдании, слова выходят с трудом.
We know that dogs can learn words , so this is a possibility.	Мы знаем, что собаки способны учить слова , так что это возможно.
To learn more, see Research for your paper easily within Word.	Дополнительные сведения см. в статье Удобная работа с источниками в Word.
Your desire to learn is admirable, but, if you were to put the loop of the P at the top, like a head rather than a foot, you’d have much more success with the word play.	Ваше желание учиться вызывает уважение, но если бы вы нарисовали петельку буквы Р наверху, а не внизу, вы бы уже написали слово игра.
I learn lots of new words , like tedious.	Я учу много новых слов, таких как утомительно.
For fear the letter might be some day lost or stolen, he compelled Dantes to learn it by heart; and Dantes knew it from the first to the last word.	Опасаясь, как бы записка как — нибудь не затерялась или не пропала, он заставил Дантеса выучить ее наизусть, и Дантес знал ее на память от первого слова до последнего.
Like basically your entire ability to learn is wrapped up in how many words you hear in your first years of life.	То есть твои способности обучаться в основном зависят от того, какое количество слов ты слышишь в первые годы своей жизни.
You will learn to savour words and language.	Вы научитесь ценить слова и язык.
Words, my dear boy, are like leaves on a tree. If we want to find out why the leaves take one form instead of another, we must learn how the tree grows. We must study books, my dear boy.	Слова, дружище, это — как листья на дереве, и, чтобы понять, почему лист таков, а не иной, нужно знать, как растёт дерево, — нужно учиться!
He was a stool-strange words for a professor of agronomics to use in writing, but a professor of agronomics may well learn strange words when pent in prison for the term of his natural life.	Изящные слова , не правда ли, в устах профессора агрономии? Но и профессор агрономии может научиться дурным словам , если запереть его в тюрьму на всю жизнь.
Funny thing is, once we grow up, learn our words , and really start talking, the harder it becomes to know what to say.	Забавно, мы взрослеем, узнаем слова , начинаем говорить, и нам всё сложнее понять, что именно сказать.
Family, friends, colleagues, but in Solly’s case we have the added benefit of being able to learn about him from his own words .	Семья, друзья, коллеги, но в случае Солли у нас вдобавок есть и роскошь узнать о нём из его же слов.
Let him realize the significance of the written word so that he may learn of your glory, and in turn, may spread your word.	Да осознает он важность слова письменного, дабы постичь славу Твою, и самому нести слово божье.
I don’t have to tell you every community has a different part, so I’ve had to learn it piece by piece… Every sacred site, every ceremony, every word.	Не мне тебе говорить, что у каждой общины всё по — своему, так что мне пришлось учиться шаг за шагом… каждое священное место, каждая церемония, каждое слово .
But at least he had managed to learn a few local words , which came in handy at the next filling station.	Но по крайней мере ему удалось узнать Несколько местных слов, которые очень пригодились на следующей заправочной станции.
Yes, when you learn you’re alone and live in despair Then words don’t come easily.	Да, когда учишься жить в одиночестве и страдании, слова выходят с трудом.
Most of us learn to talk by our first birthday but by 2 years old, we’re learning 10 new words a day	Большинство из нас начинает говорить первые слова уже к первому дню рождения, а в возрасте 2 — х мы выучиваем около 10 новых слов каждый день.
Stunned and grieved by these cold words in black and white, she was still relieved to learn that he was to be at the hotel instead of his home.	Ошеломленная, расстроенная холодными словами газетного сообщения, Беренис все же облегченно вздохнула, узнав, что Каупервуд в отеле, а не у себя дома.
In Years 7 and 8, boys learn the basics of word processing, spreadsheet software, web design and simple programming.	В 7 и 8 лет мальчики изучают основы обработки текстов, электронных таблиц, веб — дизайна и простого программирования.
I now learn from you that the attempt to change the embarrassing words ‘Krishna Costume’ was tackled twice , once by you and then Ruminton. Fine.	Теперь я узнаю от вас , что попытка изменить неловкие слова костюм Кришны была предпринята дважды, один раз Вами, а затем Руминтоном. Хорошо.
Infants are able to apply this to larger words and sentences as they learn to process language.	Младенцы могут применять это к более крупным словам и предложениям, когда они учатся обрабатывать язык.
When the difficult sound is mastered, the child will then learn to say the sound in syllables, then words , then phrases and then sentences.	Когда трудный звук будет освоен, ребенок научится произносить его слогами, затем словами , затем фразами и затем предложениями.
Users were not awarded for labeling images by any means other than points but they may learn new English language words slowly.	Пользователи не были награждены за маркировку изображений никакими другими средствами, кроме очков, но они могут медленно изучать новые слова английского языка.
While this is understood by English speaking toddlers, it is not applicable with Dutch toddlers as they learn that elongated vowels reference different words .	Хотя это понимают англоговорящие малыши, это не применимо к голландским малышам, поскольку они узнают, что удлиненные гласные ссылаются на разные слова .
In addition to the root words and the rules for combining them, a learner of Esperanto must learn some idiomatic compounds that are not entirely straightforward.	В дополнение к корневым словам и правилам их сочетания, изучающий эсперанто должен изучить некоторые идиоматические соединения, которые не совсем просты.
She can read newspapers, find and correct misspelled words , learn about banks like Barclays, and understand that some restaurants are better places to eat than others.	Она может читать газеты, находить и исправлять неправильно написанные слова , узнавать о таких банках, как Barclays, и понимать, что некоторые рестораны являются лучшими местами для еды, чем другие.
In 1982, Gudrun was the subject of an experiment in two-communications, designed to see if she could learn new words and incorporate them into her vocabulary.	В 1982 году Гудрун стала объектом эксперимента по двусторонней коммуникации, целью которого было выяснить, сможет ли она выучить новые слова и включить их в свой словарный запас.
Noob is a word used to insult or deride novices who are disrespectful, uninterested, or unwilling to learn .	Нуб — это слово , используемое для оскорбления или высмеивания новичков, которые неуважительны, не заинтересованы или не желают учиться.
Another words , lots of students learn language in half the time.	Другими словами , многие студенты изучают язык в два раза быстрее.
One other chimpanzee, Gussie, was trained along with Sarah but failed to learn a single word.	Еще один шимпанзе, Гасси, был обучен вместе с Сарой, но не смог выучить ни одного слова .
think of all the new words we could learn .	подумайте обо всех новых словах , которые мы могли бы выучить .
They don’t want to learn Bosnian words .	Они не хотят учить боснийские слова .
They, like me, want to learn more english words … as opposed to you i assume?	Они, как и я, хотят выучить больше английских слов… в отличие от вас, я полагаю?
Together, the two help each other with reading and write all the words they learn on a wall in the basement.	Вместе они помогают друг другу читать и писать все слова , которые они выучили на стене в подвале.
While Alan is treating him, Joe learn’s from Alan’s words that the Devil Star girl he killed earlier was Alan’s fiancé.	Пока Алан лечит его, Джо узнает из слов Алана, что девушка — звезда дьявола, которую он убил ранее, была невестой Алана.
Children need unstructured, creative playtime; in other words , children need time to learn through their play.	Детям нужно неструктурированное, творческое игровое время; другими словами , детям нужно время, чтобы учиться через свою игру.
And if they learn another application of a perfectly serviceable English word, then so much the better.	А если они выучат еще одно применение совершенно исправного английского слова , то тем лучше.
An even more serious reader will quickly learn how to find out exactly where any wording in the article came from.	Еще более серьезный читатель быстро научится узнавать, откуда именно взялась та или иная формулировка в статье.
If you learn something, know it, and then explain it to someone else in your own words then you’re not violating copyright.	Если вы что — то узнали, знаете это, а затем объясняете это кому — то другим своими словами , то вы не нарушаете авторское право.
It is not always possible to just look at the world and learn a word from the situation.	Не всегда можно просто посмотреть на мир и извлечь из ситуации какое — то слово .
If children only learned words based on what they saw in the world they would not be able to learn the meanings of these words .	Если бы дети учили только слова , основанные на том, что они видели в мире, они не смогли бы узнать значения этих слов.
One can only hope you learn the proper meaning of two words eventually.	Остается только надеяться, что в конце концов вы научитесь правильно понимать два слова .
You will learn to savor language and words because they are the stepping stones to everything you might endeavor to do in life and do well.	Вы научитесь наслаждаться языком и словами , потому что они являются ступеньками ко всему, что вы могли бы попытаться сделать в жизни и сделать хорошо.
Through the efforts of Pepperberg, Alex has been able to learn a large vocabulary of English words and phrases.	Благодаря усилиям Пепперберга Алекс смог выучить большой словарь английских слов и фраз.

Источник

Student’s Book, Part 1, pages 4-5 1 Words to learn. Write translations and try to remember these words, (CHOBB DI123 Напиши перевод этих слов и выучи их.) Word Pronunciation Transla O an adventure ləd’ventſəl TUKUHULL 1 an article /’a:tikəll 2 a competition /kpmpə’tiſn/ 3 a language /’længwidz/ 4 a magazine magazin/ 5 science /saiəns/ Complete the words. Then mark the words and phrases of agreement by hrases of disagreement by 8. (Допиши слова. Затем отметь слова и фр:

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