Auxiliary (or Helping) verbs are used together with a main verb to show the verb’s tense or to form a negative or question. The most common auxiliary verbs are have, be, and do.
- Does Sam write all his own reports?
- The secretaries haven’t written all the letters yet.
- Terry is writing an e-mail to a client at the moment.
Auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs, add functional or grammatical meaning to the clauses in which they appear. They perform their functions in several different ways:
- By expressing tense ( providing a time reference, i.e. past, present, or future)
- Grammatical aspect (expresses how verb relates to the flow of time)
- Modality (quantifies verbs)
- Voice (describes the relationship between the action expressed by the verb and the participants identified by the verb’s subject, object, etc.)
- Adds emphasis to a sentence
Auxiliary verbs almost always appear together with a main verb, and though there are only a few of them, they are among the most frequently occurring verbs in the English language.
How to Identify an Auxiliary Verb
You probably know that every sentence has at least one verb in it. There are two main types of verbs. Action verbs are used to depict activities that are doable, and linking verbs are used to describe conditions. Both action verbs and linking verbs can accompany auxiliary verbs including the three main ones: do, be, and have.
Sometimes actions or conditions occur only one time and then they’re over. It’s at times like these that some of the same verbs that are used as auxiliary verbs are instead used as action or linking verbs. In this example, we see the word “is”. This is one of the most common auxiliary verbs, but because it stands alone here, it is not functioning as an auxiliary verb.
Jerry slammed the car door on his thumb. He is in horrible pain.
“Is” is a linking verb in this sentence. Because it stands alone, it is not an auxiliary verb.
At other times, an action or condition is ongoing, happening predictably, or occurring in relationship to another event or set of events. In these cases, single-word verbs like is are not accurately capable of describing what happened, so phrases that include auxiliary verbs are used instead. These can be made up of anywhere from two to four words.
A main verb, also known as a base verb, indicates the kind of action or condition taking place. An auxiliary or helping verb accompanies the main verb and conveys other nuances that help the reader gain specific insight into the event that is taking place.
Read the following sentences and explanations to gain greater insight into how auxiliary verbs work.
- Jerry caught his thumb in the car door as coffee spilled from his cup onto his favorite shirt.
- Jerry is always spilling things.
- Since Jerry is also accident prone, he should have been drinking coffee from a mug with a lid, which would not have spilled on his favorite shirt.
In sentence one, caught and spilled, single-word verbs, describe quick, one-time actions of both Jerry and his messy coffee. This sentence does not contain an auxiliary verb.
Since Jerry often has unfortunate accidents, is spilling communicates the frequency of his clumsy actions in sentence two. In sentence three, the auxiliary verbs that make up should have been drinking and would have stained express time relationships as well as an evaluation of Jerry’s actions.
Three Common Auxiliary Verbs
There are just three common auxiliary verbs:
- Have
- Do
- Be
In this section, we’ll take a closer look at how these common verbs work, plus you’ll see some examples.
Have
“Have” is a very important verb that can stand alone in all its tenses, including has, have, having, had, and hadn’t or had not. It is usually used to denote ownership, and it can also be used to discuss ability or describe appearance. “Have” is also a very popular substitute for the verbs “eat” and “drink.” For example: “Let’s have dinner.”
When used as an auxiliary verb, have is always teamed up with another verb to create a complete verb phrase, making it easy to differentiate between uses. You can see the difference in the sentences below:
- Jerry has a large coffee stain on his shirt. → Has = action verb
- Jerry has bought a new shirt to replace the one that was ruined earlier. → Has = auxiliary verb; bought is a past participle that competes the verb phrase.
- Jerry should have been more careful! → Have = auxiliary verb; phrase “should have been” expresses time and evaluates Jerry’s actions.
Do
“Do” can be used as an action verb that stands alone in all its tenses, including to do, do, does, done, did and didn’t, doesn’t or did not .
When used as an auxiliary verb, do is always paired up with another verb to create a complete verb phrase. In some cases, it is used to add emphasis: “I did put the garbage out!” Do is often used to form questions and negated clauses. It is also used in elliptical sentences, where the main verb is understood and is omitted as a result. For example: “He plays piano well, doesn’t he?” or “They all had dinner, but I didn’t.”
- Because he spills things so often, Jerry does more laundry than most people. Does = action verb
- Jerry didn’t put his coffee in a cup with a lid. Didn’t = auxiliary verb
- Jerry doesn’t always spill things, but it happens a lot. Doesn’t = auxiliary verb
Be
“Be” or “to be” is an important verb that has a multitude of uses in English. It can be used as an action verb that stands alone in all its tenses including be, to be, been, am, are, is, was, were, wasn’t, was not aren’t, are not, weren’t and were not.
When used as an auxiliary verb, be is always paired with another verb to create a complete verb phrase. It can be singular or plural, present or past. Negative sentences are formed by adding the word “not”.
- Jerry is messy. Is = action verb
- Although he is always complaining about his accidents, Jerry fails to pay attention. is = auxiliary verb
- Jerry is going to be doing extra laundry for the rest of his life. to be = auxiliary verb
Modal Auxiliary Verbs
In addition to the three main auxiliary verbs, have, do, and be, there are additional auxiliary verbs. These are called modal auxiliary verbs, and they never change form. A complete list of modal auxiliary verbs follows:
- Can
- Could
- May
- Might
- Must
- Ought to
- Shall
- Should
- Will
- Would
Auxiliary Verb Examples
Here are some examples of auxiliary verbs and verb phrases. In the examples below, the verb phrase is italicized and the auxiliary verb is in bold.
- Jessica is taking John to the airport.
- If he doesn’t arrive on time, he’ll have to take a later flight.
- Unfortunately, our dinner has been eaten by the dog.
- I have purchased a new pair of shoes to replace the ones that were lost in my luggage.
- We hope you don’t have an accident on your way to school.
- She was baking a pie for dessert.
- Dad has been working hard all day.
- The bed was made as soon as I got up.
- Sarah doesn’t ski or roller skate.
- Did Matthew bring coffee?
Auxiliary Verb Exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct auxiliary verb from the choices presented:
- What ________________ the kids doing when you last saw them? (was, were, are, did, been)
- Carla ________________ always wanted to try skydiving. (was, doesn’t, has, is, have)
- Where __________________ you go on your summer vacation? (were, been, are, did, does)
- Why do you think she __________ call you like she said she would? (didn’t, is, hasn’t, has been, have)
- Mary _____________ going to be upset when she hears what happened. (will, don’t, is, didn’t, has)
- Jeremy _____________ want to go to the movies; he wants to stay home instead. (doesn’t, isn’t, wasn’t, hasn’t, was not)
- I _________________ appreciate his jokes. They weren’t funny. (did, have, been, didn’t, haven’t)
- I really like fish but I _______________ care for meat. (weren’t, been, don’t, is, was)
- Where _____________ you going when I saw you last night? (were, was, is, do, did)
- Tara ________________ called yet; she’s late as usual. (are, were, has, hasn’t, wouldn’t)
Answers: 1 – were, 2 – has, 3 – did, 4 – didn’t, 5 – is, 6 – doesn’t, 7 – didn’t, 8 – don’t, 9 – were, 10 – hasn’t
Eduardo looked in the basement, but the puppy wasn’t there.
Sakkom hung wind chimes because she loves the sound.
Roger has never performed a solo in his life.
The leader of the troop took the scouts to the lake.
39. In the following sentence, “famous” is the complement. What kind of complement is it?
“In 1975, Margaret Thatcher became famous as the first woman leader of the British Conservative Party.»
(1 point)
predicate adjective
direct object
predicate nominative
indirect object
40. Choose the answer that correctly identifies the underlined word.
“The ice fields of the north are still relatively barren.” (1 point)
direct object
indirect object
predicate nominative
predicate adjective
41. Choose the answer that correctly identifies the underlined word.
«The grain of the western prairies is a major source of income.» (1 point)
direct object
indirect object
predicate nominative
predicate adjective
42. Choose the answer that correctly identifies the underlined word.
“Western Canada also gives us the art of the Kwakiutl Indians.” (1 point)
direct object
indirect object
predicate nominative
predicate adjective
43. In the following sentence, what kind of phrase is “to play basketball”?
“Porpoises have been trained to play basketball.”
(1 point)
prepositional
participial
infinitive
44. In the following sentence, what kind of phrase is “to the library”?
“I will be going to the library soon.”
(1 point)
prepositional
participial
infinitive
gerund
45. In the following sentence, what kind of phrase is “Moving away”?
“Moving away made my little cousin sad.”
(1 point)
prepositional
gerund
infinitive
participial
46. What is the tense of the underlined verb in the following sentence?
“I will be studying his painting techniques this summer.”
(1 point)
present emphatic
present perfect progressive
future progressive
present progressive
47. What is the verb mood of the sentence?
Wear your coat when you are in the snow. (1 point)
indicative mood
imperative mood
subjunctive mood
True or False
48. You should avoid unnecessary shifts in verb tense when writing. (1 point)
true
false
49. Passive voice adds directness to your writing. (1 point)
true
false
For questions 52–55 match the vocabulary words with the appropriate definitions.
personification
sound device
stage direction
author’s purpose
50. ways to use sounds in poetry to achieve certain effects (1 point)
51. giving human qualities to non-human subjects (1 point)
52. identified as physical movements of characters in a play (1 point)
53. reason a writer writes about a topic (1 point)
19 answers
-
Where are YOUR answers?
-
please post answers! I am desperate for them too!
-
I don’t have 38
39. a
40. d
41. a
42. b
43. a
44. a
45. b
46. c
47. b
48. a
49. b
50. Sound device
51. Personification
52. Stage direction
53. Authors purpose -
38. d
-
whats 32?
-
were these right?
-
Identify the underlined part of speech the dynamic wife of James Madison became the unofficial First Lady during Jeffersons eight years as president
-
THANK YOU THESE ANSWERS ARE CORRECT
-
Anonymous is a lier
-
Your a lier
LOVEMUFFIN IS JUST JEALOUS -
for real though are they correct?
-
Yes
-
Ok, I’m trusting these answers..
-
They are correct
-
#48 is b
#49 is a
#50 is c
#52 is d -
Jazzy is right i also found the same answers on quizlet.
-
#32 is cursory
Your welcome! -
thanks for the help for those last few questions
-
Not not for final
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Away –убежать, поспешно уйти
Down – сломать(ся)
To break into — а)внезапно начинать что-то;
б)вломится
Out — разразиться
off
Break
in; break into something
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø
Get a strong
front door lock – otherwise anybody could break in.
Ø
Thieves broken
in by smashing a window.
Ø
Then I was that
somebody had broken into my car and stolen the radio.
Ø
The hut has
been empty for a while and children have been breaking into it.
Ø
My car has been
broken into six time.
Check Use the sentences in the Study box
to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Choose
the correct words to complete the meaning of break in: to enter a building or vehicle Legally/illegally by breaking
a door or window/using a key
GRAMMAR
Only four
of these sentences are possible. Which ones?
a)
It’s
hard for anyone to break in.
b)
They
must have broken in during the night.
c) They broken in the
bank during the night.
d)
They
broken in through the door. e) They broken in into during the
night.
f)
The
bank had been broken into during the night.
Practise
1.
Match
the two halves to make complete sentences.
a) I never thought anyone
would I)been broken into, and I hope it never will.
b) He was caught on
CCTV II)ever be able to break in.
c) My flat has
never III)breaking into a parked car.
d) He’d used a
hammer IV)to break in through the window.
e) Apparently, he had
actually V)broken into his own house.
2. Why might someone
need to break into their own home?
3. Why are
ground-floor apartments sometimes considered to be more dangerous than upstairs
ones? Use break in or break into something in your answer.
Build your
vocabulary
RELATED WORDS
NOUN: a `break-in (This is a countable
noun.)
Ø Police reported a rise in the
number of break-ins over the last 12 months.
IDIOMS
Breaking and entering is the crime of entering a
building by force, especially to steal something:
Ø He was found guilty of breaking and
entering and sentenced to six months in prison.
Break up
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø It’s always hard when a marriage breaks
up, especially if there are children.
Ø After three
albums, the band broke up in order to have solo careers.
Ø He’s just broken
up with his girlfriend.
Ø `Why are you crying?` `Chris
thinks we should break up.`
Check Use the sentences in the Study box to help you do
these exercise.
MEANING GRAMMAR
Complete the meanings with a word
or phrase from the brackets:
a)If a relationship breaks up, it
……….
(is unhappy/ comes to an and)
b)if people break up, they…………( end
a relationship/ get divorced)
Which of these are
grammatically possible?
a) They broke up.
b) He broken up.
c) He broken up
with her .d)the marriage broken up.
Practise
1. Complete the
sentences with one of the subjects below, using each subject only once.
her
marriage they many bands families she
a)…………………………….
broke up in1985, leaving her to raise two children on her own.
b)…………………………….break
up because of personality clashes between members.
c) Pat was
very depressed after ……………………. broke up with John.
d) the
project will focus on why ……………………. break up and how this can be avoided.
e) They
were together for four years, but then a year ago ………………………broke up.
2. Answer the following question in
two ways, using break up.
Are
Mark and Liz still together?
No,
Yes,
Build your
vocabulary
RELATED
WORDS
NOUN: a `break-up` (This noun is
usually countable.)
Ø
He moved
away after the break-up of his marriage.
Ø
Family
break-ups are stressful and difficult.
SYNONYMS
Split up means the same as break
up and is used in the same way.
Break down
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø Why are you late? Did the bus break
down?
Ø What a terrible journey! We broke
down twice on the way home.
Ø I’m nervous about using the washing
machine in case it breaks down again.
Check Use the sentences in the Study
box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
GRAMMAR
Break
down means’ to stop Working because of a fault`. What type of things can break
down? Choose two of the following:
a)tools.
b)machines.
c)vehicles
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a) we
broken down.
b) We
broke down the car.
c)The car broke down. d)The car broke itself down.
Practise
1)Break
or break down? Use the answers to the answer to the MEANING exercise to help
you choose the best alternative.
a.
Can I borrow
your pen? Mine’s broken/ broken down.
b. If the air conditioning system
breaks/ breaks down, call the engineer.
c. I tried to cut some very thick
paper and scissors broke/ broke down.
d.
‘My new phone’s
broke/ broke down.’ ‘Did you drop it again?’
2)Answer the
following questions, using the verb break down.
a.
Why are you
washing your clothes by hand?
Because
b.
Is your car
reliable?
Yes,
Build
your vocabulary
RELATED
WORDS
NOUN: a
`breakdown
Ø
We had a breakdown
on the way home
ADJECTIVE: broken-down (This
is usually used before a noun.)
Ø
A broken-down
truck
These words are
usually used about vehicles.
SIMILAR VERBS
If a computer or a computer system
stops working suddenly, we can say it crashes.
Go down is also used
about a computer system. This verb is in Really Learn 100 More Phrasal Verbs.
If part of a machine or vehicle goes
wrong, it stops working correctly:
Ø
My watch has
gone wrong.
Break
out; break out of something
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø
Six prisoners
tried to break out but were recaptured.
Ø
Two dangerous
robbers had broken out of jail.
Ø
She wanted to
break out of her boring life and do something exciting.
Check Use the sentences in the Study box
to help you do these exercises.
MEANING GRAMMAR
GRAMMAR
If you break out, what do you do?
Choose the best meaning.
a)you escape from a place or
situation.
b)you hurt yourself.
c)you get a new job
There is a grammatical mistake in
one of these sentences. Can you find it and correct it?
a.
He broken out
of jail.
b.
He has broken
out of jail.
c.
He will break
out of jail.
d.
He broke out
the jail.
Practise
1.
Replace
the underlined verbs in the following sentences with an appropriate from of
break out.
a)
He tried to get
out of the room that he was locked in.
b)
Five prisoners
have escaped from the jail already this year.
c)
He desperately
wanted to get away from his loveless marriage.
d)
Look at the
lock. Nobody broke into this room, but somebody got out.
2.
Imagine
you are a prison governor. Think about what changes you would make to stop
prisoners wanting to escape. Write two or three sentences about it using a from
of break out.
a)
 |
||
 |
||
 |
b)
c)
Build
your vocabulary
RELATED
WORDS
NOUN: ‘breakout’ (this is a countable
noun.)
Ø
The governor
resigned after several prison breakouts.
OPPOSITES
Break in,
break into something
This verb
is in Really Learn 100 Phrasal Verbs.
OTHER
MEANINGS
Break
something out means ‘to get something ready to be used’;
Ø
Let’s break
out the food and drink and have fun!
Break off
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø
The government
broke off diplomatic relations with the country.
Ø
My girlfriend
decided to break our relationship off.
Ø
He was engaged
to Judy but she broke it of after a few months. Talks between union and management
were broken off last night.
Check Use the sentences in the Study box
to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which of these verbs most closely
match this meaning of break something off?
a.
To discuss
b. To start
c.
To end
GRAMMAR
Which of
these are grammatically possible?
a.
They broke off
the talks.
b. They broke off them.
c. They broke them off.
d.
The talks were
broken off.
Practise
1. Complete these sentences with the
correct from of break off
a. 
Her
uncle had all
contact with the family.
b. 
The
Prime
Minister
his holiday and flew home to deal with the crisis.
c. 
I
decided to our
engagement because he had an affair.
2.
Read the
text from the newspaper. Underline the word that means the same as break
something off and then rewrite the sentence using break something off.
PEACE
TALKS FAIL The future of the peace talks seemed in doubt last night after the
two sides failed to reach an agreement. Leaders decided to end discussions so
that both sides can have a chance to rethink their policies.
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
The verb terminate is a more formal
way of saying break something off:
Ø
We have
terminated our links with the company.
SIMILAR
VERBS
Breaks off
can also be used without an object with the same meaning:
Ø
We don’t
know why the talks broke off.
See also break up in REALLY LEARN
100 PHRASAL VERBS.
OTHER
MEANINGS
Break off,
break off something can also mean `to stop speaking or doing something
suddenly`
Break
out
Study read these sentences carefully.
Ø
War broke out
in 1939.
Ø
Fighting
sometimes breaks out between gangs of youths in the town.
Ø
The fire broke
out in an upstairs bedroom.
Ø
A furious
political row has broken out over the issue of ID cards.
Check Use the sentences in the Study
box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
1.
Which of the
following verbs means the came as break out?
Appear,
finish, start
2.
One of these
could not break out. Which one?
An
argument, a disease, a party, a fire, a fight.
CRAMMAR
Which of
these are grammatically possible?
a.
A fight broke
out.
b. A fight has broken out.
c. A fight has broken it out.
d. A fight was broken out.
Practise
1. Rewrite the following sentences
using a form of break out, so that the meaning stays the same.
a.
The fight
stared in the middle of the street.
 |
b.
Trouble erupted
between groups of rival football fans.
 |
c.
A dangerous
virus has started among the people living in the camps.
 |
2.
Choose two
of the words of phrases below and write a sentence using each of them and a
form of break out.
Riots, a
fierce debate, violence, flu
a.
 |
||
 |
b.
Build
your vocabulary
RELATES
WORDS
NOUN: `outbreak(this is a countable
noun.)
Ø
The outbreak
of war
Ø
There’s been
an outbreak of flu in the area.
OTHER
MEANINGS
People
sometimes use ‘peace’ as the subject of break out:
Ø
There are
signs that peace has broken out in the area.
Test yourself.
Используйте
нужное слово away, down, into, out чтобы
придать предложениям законченный смысл. После выполнения задания заполните
таблицу, как показано в примере.
0. The World War II
broken ……. In 1939.
1. We got married a
month before the war broke…..
2. The car broke…….
Just outside Winchester.
3. A house in Brecon
Place was broken….. last night.
4. The children saw
the sea and broke…. a run.
5. At that terrible
sight many people broke…..tears.
6. Anna tried to
break…..but he held he tight.
7. The fire must have
broken…..during the night.
8. Fire fighters had
to break….the flat.
9. We watched her
puzzled face break gently…..a smile.
10. I almost expected
him to break……laughter.
11. I hate it when my
old washing machine breaks….and I have to wash by hand.
12. Local wars
occasionally break…..here and there.
13. Suddenly my horse
broke….a gallop.
14. The thieves waited
until it was dark enough to break….the house.
15. You are under
arrest. Don’t even think of breaking…..
16. My coffee maker
seems ti have broken…..again.
17. Three man
broke…..of prison yesterday.
18. When I thought
that no one was coming to save me, I broke…..a cold sweat.
19. In the film the
criminal broke…..from the policemen.
20. In the Middle Ages
quite a number of terrible diseases broke….in Europe.
|
0 |
out |
7 |
14 |
||
|
1 |
8 |
15 |
|||
|
2 |
9 |
16 |
|||
|
3 |
10 |
17 |
|||
|
4 |
11 |
18 |
|||
|
5 |
12 |
19 |
|||
|
6 |
13 |
20 |
Away with
sth— покончит с чем- то.
Out— вычистить, хорошенько убрать.
To do up— 1)застегивать(ся),
2)прихорашивать(ся)
With— хотеть, нуждаться.
Do
something up
Study read these sentences carefully.
Ø
I’ve eaten so
much that I can’t do my belt up!
Ø
He couldn’t do
up the buttons on his coat.
Ø
The skirt was
far too small for her- she couldn’t even do it up.
Ø
He wore a long
coat that was done up at the neck.
Check Use the sentences in the Study box
to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
1.
Choose the best
explanation of this meaning of do something up:
a. To make something tight
b. To fasten or close something
2.
Which of these
can you do up?
a. A jacket
b. A zip
c.
socks
GRAMMAR
Which of
these are grammatically possible?
a.
He did his coat
up.
b.
He did up his
coat.
c.
He did it up.
d.
He did up it.
e.
His coat was
done up
d. A button
Practice
1.
Respond
to the following, using a form of do something up in each.
a.
Do you think
this jacket it smart enough?
Yes, if
you………………………………………
b.
Why didn’t you
buy those jeans?
They were
too small …………………………….!
c.
I just tripped
and fell.
d. I’ not surprised. Your
laces…………………….
2.
Only one of
these sentences is grammatically correct. Which one? Can you find and correct
the mistakes in the other sentences?
a.
He never do up
the top button of his shirt.
b.
The sign came
on and Paul does up John’s seat belt.
c.
Your zip’s not
done up properly. Let me help you.
d.
Can you help me
doing this dress up, please?
Build your vocabulary
OPPOSITES
The opposite of do something up is
undo something:
Ø
He undid the
top button of his shirt.
Ø
Your laces
are undone, be careful.
SIMILAR
VERBS
In
American English fasten something is more common:
Ø
Craig bent
down to fasten his shoes.
You can
also use more specific verbs: button up, zip up and tie up:
Ø
She helped
him button up his coat.
The
opposites of these verbs are unbutton, unzip and untie.
Do
away with something or somebody
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø
They decided to
do away with their garage and turn it into an office.
Ø
Computers have
done away with a lot of the repetitive work.
Ø
By bringing new
technology into schools, we are not trying to do away with teachers.
Ø
They might
change the system, or do away with it altogether.
Ø
History cannot
be done away with.
Ø
Check Use the
sentences in the Study box to help you do these exercise.
MEANING
Do away
with something or somebody means to get rid of it/them a) by deciding not to
have or do it/them any more or b) by making it no longer necessary. Say whether
a)or b) applies in the following sentences.
a.
The company has
done away with its bonus system.
b.
The new
treatment could do away with need for surgery.
GRAMMAR
Correct
the mistakes in these sentences:
a.
They did away
their garage.
b. They did it away with.
c. They did the garage away with.
d. The garage was done away.
c.
We could do
away with a lot of our paperwork.
Practise
1.
Match the
two halves to make complete sentences.
a. The invention of printing
b. Working from home
c.
Recycling
i.
Can do away
with a lot of household waste.
ii.
Did away with
the need for handwritten books.
iii.
Does away with
time wasted travelling to work.
2.
Complete
the following sentences using a form of do away with and one of the words or
phrases below.
Secrecy
it hunting these outdated laws
a.
The shed was
falling down so we decided to……………………..
b. He is against killing foxes and
thinks we should………………
c. We believe in freedom of
information and want to……………
d.
It is time
that……………..
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
To abolish
something is a more formal verb meaning ‘to get rid of something’:
Ø
These
outdated laws should be abolished.
To eliminate
or end something are more formal verbs meaning ‘to make something unnecessary’:
Ø
The software
can reduce or eliminate paperwork.
Do
without; Do without somebody or something
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø
We haven’t got
any milk. You’ll have to do without.
Ø
When there
wasn’t enough food, they simply did without.
Ø
He’s so
helpful. I couldn’t do without him.
Ø
I use my laptop
so much, I don’t know how I ever did without it!
Check Use the sentences in the Study box
to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which of
these explanations best fits the meaning of do without?
a.
To ask for
help.
b. To get rid of somebody or
something.
c.
To manage
without somebody or something.
GRAMMAR
There is a
grammatical mistake in one of these sentences. Find it and correct it.
a.
I couldn’t do
without him.
b. I couldn’t do without a secretary.
c. I couldn’t do it without.
d. You’ll have to do without.
Practise
1.
Rearrange
the words to make correct sentences.
a.
Have to enough
If without there’s not do you’ll
 |
b.
TV without
couldn’t We afford so did a we
|
c.
There without
did enough wasn’t I because
|
2.
Decide
which of the things in the box is most important to you, and then write one or
two sentences using do without, saying why you could not manage without it.
Mobile
phone/cellphone, MP3 player, washing machine, newspaper, hairdryer.
a.
 |
b.
 |
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
Go without
means the same as do without;
Ø
I’m hungry because
I went without breakfast this morning.
OTHER
MEANINGS
Can/could
do without is often used when something is annoying you because you do not want
it:
Ø
I could have
done without all this hassle.
Ø
I could
really do without my manager criticizing me all the time.
Ø
That’s the
sort of comment I can really do without!
Test yourself
Используйте
нужное слово away, out, up, with, чтобы
придать предложениям законченный смысл. После выполнения задания заполните
таблицу, как это показано в примере.
0. I can do……………….a
cup of tea.
1. We had done the
house…………for the party and sat waiting for the guests.
2. Do………your jacket,
it’s freezing cold.
3. I’m hungry, I
could do……….a couple of sandwiches.
4. It’s time to
do…..with the practice of cheating at the examinations.
5. When I entered the
room Kate was doing…..in front of the mirror.
6. Jane has lost some
weight and says that she could do…..some new clothes.
7. Sooner or later
people will do….with smoking.
8. Her room is a
always clean and tidy but today it’s absolutely dome….
9. The day was windy
and Nick did……his coat and put on a woolen cap.
10. I see you’ve done
yourself……Are you waiting for anyone?
11. We have no meat in
the hours, I’m afraid. Could you do….fish.
12. You’ve done your
buttons….the wrong way.
13. This house could
do…..painting.
14. It is time to
do……with some of the old laws.
15. Mary came to the
party all done….in her best dress.
16. This dress
does….with buttons.
17. Our family decided
to do……..with our old furniture.
18. The only way to
keep the garage clean is to do it…..thoroughly once a year.
19. We can
do…….another secretary.
20. The poor woman
tried to do….. with herself by taking poison.
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In on— заглянуть к кому-то
In at-заглянуть куда-то
To drop
Off-1)выходить 2)высадить, забросить
Out-прекратить, бросит, уйти
Drop out; drop out of something
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø
Alice
was going to lead the expedition but she dropped out after two days.
Ø
Richard
started studying French but he soon dropped out of the course.
Ø
The
company is going to drop out of the deal because the costs are too high.
Ø
Higher
education is important, and we are trying to prevent students dropping out of
it.
Ø
He
left his job in New York, moved to a Pacific icland, and dropped out.
Ø
Check
Use the sentences in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which
one of these is not an answer to the question” if somebody drops our(of
something), what do they do?
a. They stop doing an
activity before it has ended.
b. They leave normal
society to lead a very different life.
c. They get angry
about something.
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. I’m going to drop
out because the course is boring.
b. They dropped him
out of the course.
c. Just finish the
course-don’t drop out!
d. The course was
dropped out of.
d.
They leave a group
or an organization.
Practice
1. Replace the words
that are underlined with an appropriate form of drop out or drop out of.
a. How many people
have left the course after the summer holidays?
b. She told me that
if the lessons get too difficult, she’s going to give up.
c. There was a
massive argument between the coach and the players and seven of them stopped
playing for the team.
d. Unfortunately we
have to withdraw the competition.
2. Write one or two
sentences in answer to this question, using forms of drop out or drop out of
something where you can.
Have you or ha
somebody you know ever dropped out of something? Why?
Build
your vocabulary
RELATED
WORDS
NOUN: ’drop-out.
This is usually a countable noun and means a person who leaves school, college
or a course before the end. In the USA, children who leave High School without
graduating are known as ‘high school drop-outs;
Drop
somebody or something off
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø Will you drop the
kids off at school on your way into way into the town?
Ø We dropped off our
bags as the hotel and went to explore the city.
Ø You can drop me
off here if you like. It’s not far to walk.
Ø Where would you
like to be dropped off?
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
1. If you drop
somebody off, what do you do?
Choose the best
meaning.
a. You take somebody
in your car and leave them somewhere
b. You make or help
somebody leave a place
2. If you drop
something off, what do you do?
Choose
the best meaning.
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. I dropped my friends
off at the hotel.
b. I dropped off my
friends at the hotel.
c. I dropped them off
at the hotel.
d. I dropped off them
at the hotel.
e. They were dropped
off at the hotel
a. You let something
fall out of your hand.
b. You deliver
something somewhere.
Practise
Complete
these sentences using an appropriate form of drop off and a suitable object (a
noun or a pronoun).
a. Could
you……………………..outside the bank, please?
b. I work near the
library. Shall I………………….for you?
c. ‘where………………..?
‘Just here will be fine, thanks.’
d. What time did
you…………………..at school this morning?
e. I ………………………..at
the cleaner’s on my way to work yesterday morning.
f.
Sue’s
driving- why don’t you ask her to ……………………?
Build
your vocabulary
RELATED
WORDS
NOUN: ‘drop-off (this
is countable and uncountable.)
Ø
It’s
often easier to get a taxi at passenger drop-off points then at flight
arrivals.
Ø
We
repair shoes by mail or drop-off.
OPPOSITES
à
PICK
SOMEBODY OR SOMETHING UP(2):
Ø
Parents
can drop off or pick up their children outside the school.
SIMILAR
VERBS
You
can also use drop somebody or something:
Ø
Can
you drop me at the hotel?
Test yourself.
Используйте
нужные слово in on/at,off,out, чтобы
придать предложениям законченный смыслю после выполнения задания заполните
таблицу как показано в примере.
0. I’m taking a
course of French now, bur I’m thinking of dropping it…………..
1. I just dropped………to
say hello.
2. What made him
drop…………….of school?
3. May I drop…………..on
you in the evening?
4. Drop me…………….at
the gate, will you?
5. Jack didn’t complete
his university course. He dropped………..in his second year.
6. I’d like you to
drop……these papers at the office, please.
7. Every evening he
gave me a lift home and dropped me ………..at the corner.
8. Liz had to
drop………………..of college as her mother was badly ill.
9. Why don’t you drop
your luggage…….at the hotel before we go to the restaurant?
10. Drop…….on us any
time you are in Moscow.
11. Look who’s just
dropped……..!
12. Thanks for the
ride. I’ll drop…… here.
13. One of the runners
has dropped…… can you replace them?
14. Let’s drop…..on
Kate. Her house is just round the corner.
15. Could you wait a
second?
16. I just want to
drop this letter……..
17. A lot of young
people are dropping……and trying to find a job.
18. Drop me…… at the
corner, and I’ll walk from here.
19. I’d like to
drop……on grandma to say hello.
20. How could Jake
drop…….of college? He was such a model student.
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Down-передавать(
из поколения в поколение)
In-сдавать
 |
To hand
Out-раздать
Over-передавать
Test yourself
Используйте
нужное слово down, in, out, over, чтобы
придать предложениям законченный смысл. После выполнение задания заполните
таблицу, как показано в примере.
0. Lizzy,
hand…..packed lunches to all the children of the group.
1. These skills have
been handed……from generation to generation.
2. All essays must be
handed…..by Tuesday.
3. He handed the car
keys……To Stella.
4. The suspects have
now been handed……to the French authorities.
5. Julia, hand….. the
crayons, please. We’e beginning the lesson.
6. The skill of
making furniture was handed……from father to son.
7. Please hand…..the
documents to the authorities.
8. Albert bowed and
handed…..the letter.
9. Shall I hand………
the candies to everyone present?
10. The students were
asked to hand……..their compositions ay 12.00
11. This custom has
been handed……since the 18th century.
12. The firm paid a
man to stand in the street handing……advertisements.
13. Could you hand
that bag….. to me please?
14. The girl was
ashamed of wearing clothes handed………….from her sister.
15. The command of the
ship was handed………….to the new captain.
16. Thee examiner
handed………..the question papers at 8 o’clock exactly.
17. The escaped
criminal was handed……..to the police.
18. Your test papers
must be handed……. By Monday.
19. This ring has been
handed………..in my family.
20. Unwanted tickets
can be handed……….at the theatre office window.
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Up-1)сочинять,придумывать2)гримироваться,
накладывать косметику 3)мириться
 |
Out-разобраться,
понять
To make
Off-быстро
уйти, убежать, сбежать
Make
something out
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
She
could just make out a dark figure by the door.
Ø
The
photo is too dark to make the faces out.
Ø
He’s
written something else at the end, but I can’t make it out.
Ø
I
can hear voice. Can you make out what they’re saying?
Ø
I
can’t make out why he’s marrying somebody like her.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
If
you can make something out, which of these might you be able to do? More than
one answer is correct.
a. See something
b. Understand
something
c. Say something
d. Hear something.
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. I could just make
it out.
b. I could just make
out it.
c. I could just make
the shape out.
d. I could just make
out the shape.
e. It was just made
out.
Practice
1. Replace the under
words with an appropriate from of make out.
a. She gradually saw
somebody walking towards her in the fog.
b. I couldn’t hear
what he was saying.
c. It all happened so
fast, he couldn’t understand what was going on.
2. Make up answer the
these questions using a form of make something out.
a. What could you see
in the dark?
 |
b. Can you see
anything without your glasses?
 |
c. What do you think
of Jake?
 |
d. How well do you
understand Japanese now?
 |
Build
your vocabulary
IDIOMS
A
very common phrase is as I can make out:
Ø
As
far as I can make out, he’s telling the truth.
Ø
The
photos were about 10 years old, as far as she could make out.
SIMILAR
VERBS
To
make out(that)….mean ‘to claim that something is true that may not be’:
Ø
She
made out that she was earning a fortune.
Make
up for something;
Make
up for doing something
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
We
made up for lost sales by increasing prices.
Ø I didn’t sleep
well last night, so I’m going to make up for it tonight and go to bed early.
Ø How are you going
to make up for what you said to me yesterday?
Ø She bought him a
special present to make up for forgetting his birthday.
Ø
The
service was awful, but this was made for by the excellent food.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Choose
the correct words in italics to make true sentences about make up for.
a. Make up for
something means to do something good/bad to balance the effects of something
good/bad.
b. If somebody or
something makes up for something, the situation becomes better/worse.
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. This doesn’t make
up for.
b. This doesn’t make
up for my mistakes.
c. You’ve got a lot
of make up for.
d. This doesn’t make
up for it.
e. This doesn’t make
it up for.
f.
Extra
costs were made up for by record sales.
Practise
1. Make sentences by
joining a phrase on the left with a suitable one from the box on the right, using
a form of make up for.
a. I didn’t eat much
during the day, but I ………………
b. The airline gave
us all a free meal at the airport as a way of…………..
c. We’ve had to
increase our prices to………….
i.
Having
such poor results in the last financial year.
ii.
It
by having a huge supper.
iii.
The
flight being delayed.
2. Rewrite the part
of the sentences in italics without changing the meaning, using a suitable form
of make up for and any other words you need.
a. The firm have paid
me some money to compensate for overcharging me.
b. 
The apartment is very small, but it’s got a lonely
garden, which I really like.
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
To
compensate (for something) is more formal:
Ø
Nothing
can compensate for the death of a loved one.
Make
up
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
I
don’t believe you! You’ve made up the whole story.
Ø He didn’t know the
facts so he made them up.
Ø It’s all true! I’m
not making it up.
Ø
The
figures are not real but have been made up as an example.
Check Use the sentences in the Study box
to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
If you make something up, which two of
these are correct?
a. It is probably
true.
b. It is probably not
true.
c. You read it in a newspaper.
d. You invented it
yourself.
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically correct?
a. He made up an
excuse.
b. He made it up.
c. He made up it.
d. It was made up.
Practice
1.
Choose
the right form of the verb for each sentences.
a. Of course it’s not
true! I made it up all/ I made it all up!
b. Most of what had
been written about her in the papers had been made up/ had made up.
c. He can’t have make
up/ made up all that stuff about the army, can he?
2. Answer the
following questions in an appropriate way, using make up and a suitable object
from the list below.
The
rules, the whole thing, an excuse, anything it all.
a. Do you believe the
things he said?
No
, I think he………………………………………..
b. Is this a true
story?
No , I ………………………………
c. What reason did
you give for being late?
Oh,
I …………………………………
d. I don’t think
you’re telling the truth.
I
promise I ………………………….
e. You can’t move
that chess piece there.
Why
not? You’re……………………..
Build
your vocabulary
RELATED
WORDS
ADJECTIVE: ‘made-up’ (=
invented; not true or real)
Ø
It
was a true story, not a made-up one.
0. His speech was
indistinct. I couldn’t make…………..a lot of words.
1. I like the melody
but can’t make………….the words. Whose song is it?
2. He said something
angrily and made………..We’ve never seen him again.
3. Actors and
actresses usually make………….before the performance.
4. The task is so
difficult that I can’t make…………what I have to do.
5. Are you still
angry with me? Please let’s make……………now.
6. –where did you
hear this story?-nowhere, I made it…………myself.
7. the their
stole the wallet and made………………with it.
8. I don’t like it
when young girls make…………heavity. It makes them look vulgar.
9. It’s easy to
quarrel with a friend but difficult to make……….your quarrel.
10. Please
make…………………two sentences with the word “perfect.
11. I tried to speak
to him but he made……in a hurry.
12. It took two hours
every morning to make…………….the actor.
13. We usually
make…………our quarrel the same day.
14. I’m afraid I can’t
make………..a new story and tell it to my little boy when he goes to bed.
15. Every evening I
make…… a new story and tell it to my little boy when he goes to bed.
16. Wait a minute
while I make………….my face.
17. I can’t make
her……….. she’s a mystery to me.
18. Don’t let him
make………..with our money.
19. Have you made it…………..with
your brother yet?
20. U don’t quite
understand it now but if you give me time, I’m sure I’ll make it………….
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About-принять
за что-то, начать делать что-то
 |
smb to sth/to do sth-заставить
кого-либо, приняться за дело
To set
Out/off-1)помещать, выставлять. 2)отправляться (в путешествие)
Set
out
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
She
had achieved everything she had set out to do.
Ø I’m sure john
didn’t deliberately set out to upset you.
Ø The book sets out
to make grammar easier and more enjoyable for students.
Ø
It
isn’t as if we were setting out to mislead anybody.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which
of these verbs is closest in meaning to set out?
a. To promise
b. To like
c. To intend
GRAMMAR
Which of these are grammatically possible?
a. I did everything I
set out to do.
b. I didn’t do
everything I set out to do.
c. I did everything I
was set out to do.
d. I did everything I
set it out to do
Practise
1. Match the two
halves to make complete sentences.
a. I didn’t set out
b. He’s a very
determined runner
c. Ann succeeded in
d. The court was told
that Stokes
1. What she set out
to do
2. To cause trouble
3. Had set out to
steal from the store
4. Who set out to
break the world record
2. Answer these
questions using a form of set out, the words in brackets and any other words
you need.
a. What does the test
aim to do?
(assess, ability)
b.
Why
did you open the business?
(money)
c.
What
was your purpose in writing the book?
(best-seller)
d.
What
did you want to prove?
(results,
wrong)
Build
your vocabulary
OTHER
MEANINGS
To
set out can also mean ‘to leave a place and begin a journey’:
Ø
We
set out at dawn
This
verb is in Really Learn 100 Phrasal Verbs.
Set
something out
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
The
report sets out guidelines for teachers.
Ø He set the
proposals out clearly in a document.
Ø She made several
points and had set them out very well.
Ø
The
terms and conditions will be set out fully in the contract.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Choose
the explanation that best fits this meaning of set something out.
a. To arrange text in
a computer document.
b. To give all the
details of something in a clear
c. to promise to do
something.
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. He set the plans
out in a document
b. He set out them in
a document
c. He set out the
plans in a document
d. He set them out in
a document.
e. The plans are set
out in the documents.
Practise
1. Choose the correct
form of set something out to fill the gaps in the sentences.
Are
set out, sets out, set them out, set out, sets out, setting out
a. The minister wrote
a letter……………………….clearly the government’s position on the matter.
b. The general
principles…………………….in the report.
c. The
document……………………..eight proposals for consideration.
d. If there are
terms that people need to know, you should………………..clearly.
e. There will be a
charge in a addition to the fees………………..above.
f.
A
job description…………..how an employee fits into the company.
2. Read this job
advertisement. Underline the verb that could be replaced by a form of set
something out. Then rewrite the sentences using set something out.
TEACHING
ASSISTANT 15000p.a.
We
are looking for somebody to help children reach their full potential in the
classroom. You should enjoy working with children and have previous experience
of working in a school environment. If you are interested please apply by 15
September to Mrs A Winterburn, stating clearly in writing why you would like
this job.
Test yourself.
Используйте
нужное слово about, to, out/off, чтобы
придать предложениям законченный смыслю после выполнения задания заполните
таблицу, как показано в примере.
0. I think it is
reasonable to set……………at 6 sharp.
1. To catch an early
train we set……………at seven in the morning.
2. Before leaving the
classroom, the teacher set the children…………….do a number of sums.
3. We keep these
plants in the house when it is cold, but set them………….in summer.
4. At last everything
was ready and we set …………..to the bus station.
5. That day sally
set…………cooking dinner earlier than usual.
6. How can I set
you………….clean up your rooms?
7. At what time are
you setting…………….? I’d like to join you.
8. I think it’s time
for us to set……………our Christmas shopping.
9. I’ll try to set
some of my classmates…………….make a wallpaper for the Teacher’s Day.
10. The film begins in
half an hour, let’s set………..
11. I’d like to
redecorate my room, but I don’t know how to set…………..it.
12. He set…………for work
an hour ago. Hasn’t he arrived?
13. Find your pen and
set…………..do the homework.
14. The young plants
should be set……………in May.
15. How do you
set…………building a house?
16. The children were
excited to set…………….on a camping trip.
17. That morning I
set………..writing a letter to Jim.
18. I set…………to learn
Latin but soon understood that I needed help.
19. At six I was busy
setting my little sister………..read a book.
20. In the morning
we’re going to set…………..gathering mushrooms.
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Back-отдавать
назад, возвращать
Out—
раздавать
 |
To give away—
отдавать, дарить
Up-1)отказаться,
бросить2)отказаться от мысли решить какую-либо проблему
Give
away
Study read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
I
can’t believe you just gave those books away!
Ø The magazine is
giving away CDs this month.
Ø The old computer
still words. Shall we sell it or give it away?
Ø We have five pairs
of tickets to give away.
Ø
A
selection of books will be displayed and then will be given away to the public.
Check use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Use
one the phrase below to complete the explanation of this meaning of give
something away:
To
give something to somebody…………
a. Because it is old
and broken
b. In exchange for
something else
c. As a gift
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. She gave her
clothes away
b. She gave away her clothes
c. She gave them
away.
d. She gave away
them.
e. They were given
away
Practice
Look
at these newspaper headlines and write a sentence about each, using a form of
give away and a noun or pronoun. The first one has been done for you.
a. WE HAVE FREE DVDS
FOR 1000 READERS.
We are giving away
DVDs to 1000 readers.
b. 3 LUCKY COUPLES
HAVE WON A CAR FROM THIS TV SHOW
3 cars…………………………..
c. Pop star has
donated millions of dollars to charity
A pop star………………….
d. WE HAVE 50 FREE
TICKETS FOR THE SHOW.
We
are……………………….
e. DON’T JUST ABANDON
YOUR OLD CAR. WE’LL BUY IT FROM YOU!
Don’t
just……………………….
f.
‘MY
WIFE SOLD MY SUILTS TO HER BROTHE FOR NOTHING!’, SAYS MILLIONAIRE BUSINESSMAN
The
wife of…………………….
Build
your vocabulary
RELATED
WORDS
NOUN: a giveaway
Ø
We’re
offering 15 lucky readers five CDs in our great CD giveaway
ADJECTIVE: giveaway (this
is only used before a noun.)
Ø
The
shop is closing down, so it’s selling everything at giveaway(= very low) prices
Give
something out
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
They
have booked a celebrity to give out the awards.
Ø They were standing
in the street giving leaflets out to passer-by.
Ø I had prepared
handouts and gave them out to the students.
Ø
the
papers were given out and we had an hour to do the test.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which
one of these verbs means the same as give something out?
a. To collect
b. To distribute
c. To offer
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. I gave the books
out.
b. I gave out the
books.
c. I gave them out.
d. I gave out them.
e. The books were
given out.
Practise
Complete
the following with the correct form of give out and one of the objects below.
Use each object once only.
Food,
leaflets, gifts, exam papers, invitations, handouts
a. She………………..to her
wedding to all her colleagues.
b. The tutor asked
for silence and started………………..to all the students.
c. The relief
organizations had arrived and were…………………to the refugees.
d. How is the
campaign going? Do you need any help with………….?
e. Can two of you
help me………………?
f.
Sue
stood by the door and……………..to all her friends.
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
The
verb hand something out means the same and is used in the same way:
Ø
A
free factsheet was handed out at the of the session.
OTHER
MEANINGS
Give
something out can mean:
a. To produce
something such as heat or light:
Ø That lamp doesn’t
give out a lot of light.
b. To tell people
something or broadcast something:
Ø
No
details of the accident have been given out yet
Give
up; give up something (1)
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
I
give up- tell me the answer.
Ø I tried running,
but I gave up after about ten minutes.
Ø Nick tried to fix
the car, but gave up the attempt after an hour.
Ø It was so
difficult that she was tempted to give it all up.
Ø
In
the end he gave up trying to explain it all to me.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Use
the words below to complete this meaning of give up, give up something:
Difficult,
stop, trying, usually
To……………..
To
do something, ………………..
Because
it is too ……………………
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. He gave up and
went to bed.
b. He gave up the
attempt and went home.
c. He gave it up and
went home.
d. He gave up it and
went to bed.
e. He gave up to try
and went home.
f.
He
gave up trying and went home.
Practise
1. Match the two
halves to make complete sentences.
a. They gave up the
search
b. We will not give
up
c. I was tempted to
give it up
d. Don’t give up
trying
i.
Until
the solution is found.
ii.
When
it got dark
iii.
Unless
you’re sure you won’t succeed
iv.
And
go home
2. Rewrite the
following so that the meaning stays the same, using a form of give up, give up
something.
a. Don’t stop trying-
I know you can do it!
Don’t……………………………
b. I couldn’t find
him, and in the in the end I abandoned the search.
……………………………………….
c. He was exhausted,
but he was determined to continue.
…………………………………………
Build
your vocabulary
SIMILAR
VERBS
The
verb give in (to somebody) means ‘to accept that you have been defeated or
persuaded by somebody’:
Ø
I
give in- you’ll have you tell me the answer.
This
verb is in really Learn 100 More phrasal verbs.
Give
up; give up something (2)
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
Do
you still smoke? You really should give op, you know.
Ø Try giving up
cow’s milk and drinking soya milk instead.
Ø No chocolate for
me, thanks. I’ve given it up.
Ø
I
gave up drinking coffee because it kept me awake at night.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
If
you give up something, you stop doing or having something. Why?
a. Because it is too
difficult
b. Because you
consider it unhealthy
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a.
She
gave up
b.
She
gave up coffee
c.
She
gave it up
d.
She
gave up it
e.
She
gave up to drink coffee.
f.
She
gave up drinking coffee
Practise
1. Respond to the following,
using a form of give up in each response and any other necessary information.
a. Do you still
smoke?
Yes,
I’m afraid so. I ………………..
b. Would you like a
coffee?
No
thanks……………………..
2. Are you trying to
give anything up, or have you recently given something up? Is there anything
that you think you should give up?
Build
your vocabulary
OPPOSITES
à
TAKE
UP SOMETHING
OTHER
MEANINGS
You
can also give up something not connected with health:
Ø
My
mother didn’t give up work when she had children.
Ø
He’ll
never give up the idea of being an actor.
SIMILAR
VERBS
à
CUT
DOWN, CUT DOWN ON SOMETHING
Test yourself
Используйте
нужно слово back, out, away, up, чтобы
придать предложениям законченный смыслю после выполнения задания заполните таблицу,
как показано в примере.
0. john
gave…………………smoking last summer.
1. What are you doing
with my diary? Give it………………immediately!
2. I know that
there’s very little hope left but we won’t give………………..
3. Well, don’t get
up, children, wait till I give………………your notebooks.
4. When she grew up,
Kate gave…………….. all her children’s books and toys.
5. I can’t multiply
seventeen by twenty- three in my mind, I give……………….
6. Mike, you are the
pupil on duty today, aren’t you? Will you help me to give……………these books,
please?
7. People believe
that this unusual man gave……………..all his money to the poor and buried himself
in a far-away village.
8. I’m so sorry John
has given…………….music, he has a talent for playing the piano.
9. Any plants that
were left I gave…………………to my neighbours.
10. The office
gives…………..financial advice to students who ask for it.
11. The doctor told me
to give………….sweets to lose weight.
12. I think I’ll give
this old furniture………….., it’s worthless.
13. When can you
give………….the money that you owe?
14. I shall have to
give……………….hockey when I get too old.
15. I gave……………….some
small change to the class so that the children could pay for their tickets.
16. In a few years I’m
planning to give my collection of stamps………..
17. Give the
book…………….to me when you’ve finished with it.
18. I gave…………trying
to understand John’s new ideas.
19. This is my letter.
Give it………….please.
20. The government
gives……………..payments to people out of work
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In-сдерживать
Off—
придерживать, держаться от
On— надо ждать
To hold
Out— протягивать
on( to)-
держаться за
Test yourself
Используйте
нужное слово in, off, out, on(to) чтобы
придать предложениям законченный смысл. После выполнения задания заполните
таблицу, как показано в примере.
0. Be careful and
hold………….the banisters.
1. Hold…………a second,
I’m not ready yet.
2. Please hold…….
your dog. I’m afraid of it.
3. – hello. May I
speak to Jane?
—
Hold………….
I’ll see if she is at home.
4. I could see that
Jeff was trying to hold……………his anger.
5. She
held……….calling him until the last possible moment.
6. Hold…………..your cup
for me to refill it.
7. Hold………! you
forgot your bag!
8. The boat
held……………the shore and we couldn’t see the faces of the people in it.
9. “Here’s a letter
for you,” said Jim holding the letter………….
10. It’s slippery
here. Hold……………..me.
11. Holding……………..the
enemy’s attack wasn’t easy.
12. Hold……….your
hands, I want to make sure that they have been washed.
13. I wanted to tell
them the truth but held myself…………
14. Jessie often
holds…………from other children.
15. It was impossible
for the children to hold…………their laughter any longer.
16. Hold…………. I shan’t
be a minute.
17. It was so windy
that I had to hold…………my hat.
18. I’m afraid the
line is busy, would you like to hold……………?
19. Don’t tell them
what you really feel. Hold yourself……………
20. The build man was
walking along the road holding………………his companion’s shoulder.
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Away/off— убегать,
удирать
Down— 1)остановиться
2)унижать
 |
In—
заглянуть, забежать
To run
Out-1)выбежать2)иссякать
Over—
1)переехать 2)перелиться через край
Test yourself
Используйте
нужное слово away/off, down, in, out, over, чтобы
придать предложениям законченный смысл. После выполнения задания заполните
таблицу, как показано в примере.
0. Don’t run………….
I’ll be free in a minute.
1. I’ve just seen
Pauline run…………….. of the room in tears. What’s the matter?
2. The bath tub is
full. Be careful or the water may run……………
3. –where are you
going?-to the shop. We’ve run………….. of food.
4. In the Tom and
Jerry cartoon series the mouse usually runs…. From the cat.
5. The clock shows
four. It must have run…………. At least two hours ago.
6. With a shock he
realized that he had run………..a stray dog. He stopped the car and got out.
7. I’m afraid I’m
rather busy today but I promise to run……………..for a quick cup of tea at about
five o’clock.
8. Your time is running……………..
I can’t wait any longer.
9. Boiling milk
usually runs…………the brim of the saucepan.
10. It’s very wrong to
run a child………….in front of this or her friends.
11. I can’t give you
coffee, we’ve run……………of it.
12. Look, the tae in
your cup is running…………..
13. Don’t run……, I
want to talk to you.
14. I went to the shop
for some milk but they had run………….
15. I think you’re
trying to run me….again!
16. This box looks as
if it’s been run…..by a bus.
17. I want to
run…..and see my friend tonight.
18. Run…….,children.
It’s past your bedtime.
19. The cat ran…….as
soon as opened the door.
20. There’s no problem
with the radio, but the batteries have run……..
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Around-повернуться
Out—
оказаться
Over— перевернуть(ся)
To turn up— появиться,
очутиться
Into—
превратиться
inside out—
вывернуть наизнанку
upside down—
перевернуть вверх тормашками
turn
into something; turn something into something
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
The
discussion turned into a heated argument.
Ø He turned into a
very bitter man after his divorce.
Ø They turned the
spare bedroom into a study.
Ø It was originally
a book but they’ve turned it into a movie.
Ø
The
bank has been turned into a nightclub.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
If
something turns into something else, or you turn it into something else, does
it:
a. Stay the same?
b. Move to a different
place?
c. Change and become
something else?
GRAMMAR
There
is a grammatical error in one of these sentences. Find it and correct it.
a. The old library
was turned into apartments.
b. They turned it
into apartments.
c. They turned the
old library into apartments.
d. They turned
apartments into it
1. Match the two
halves to make complete sentences.
a. Our dream trip
turned into a nightmare
b. It had been a wet
morning
c. Her love for him
d. She turned into a very
greedy woman
e. After only a few
years
i.
But
it was turning into a bright, sunny afternoon.
ii.
When
we had our money and passports stolen.
iii.
After
she married him
iv.
He
had turned the company into a market leader.
v.
Was
quickly turning into hate.
2. Answer the
questions using a form of turn into something or turn something into something
and one of the nouns below.
A
parking, a prince, a bitter row
a. Do you know the
story about the princess and the frog?
Do
you mean the frog that…………………?
b. Are Jack and Helen
getting on better together now?
No, every
conversation they have…………………….
c. What has happened
to the park?
d. It’s been sold
and……………………………..
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
The
phrasal verb change into means the same as turn into and is used in the same
way:
Ø
We’ve
change the spare bedroom into a home office.
Turn out
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø The situation
looks bad but these things normally turn out OK.
Ø How do you think
the discussions will turn out?
Ø Your mother would
be proud of how you kids have turned out.
Ø
‘you’ve
done a great job on the project.’ ‘ yes, it’s turning out really well.’
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which
one of the following does not explain this meaning of turn out?
a. To speak in a
particular way
b. To happen in a
particular way
c. To end in a
particular way
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. Everything turned
out OK.
b. How will things
turn out?
c. She turned out the
discussions very well.
d. The election was
turned out to be a success
Practice
1. Match the two halves
to make complete sentences.
a. when you have
children.
b. You need to get
qualifications.
c. We all thought
we’d have a great time.
d. I hate having my
photo taken.
i.
But
it turned out better than I expected!
ii.
But
it turned out differently.
iii.
You
never know how they will turn out.
iv.
In
case your football career doesn’t turn out well
2. Write a suitable
question or comment to complete the dialogue, using a form of turn out and any
other words you need.
a.
it
was terrible. Nobody spoke to me. I wish I hadn’t taken the job now!
b.
I
hope you’re right. I won’t give up too soon anyway.
c. Did you enjoy
your leaving party at your last job?
I did! I wasn’t
expecting to, but
Build
your vocabulary
IDIOMS
Turn
out for the best. For the best here means ‘well’:
Ø
Getting
fired was hard, but I’m sure it will all turn out for the best.
OTHER
MEANINGS
When
turn out is used with that or to be/do, etc., it means’ to be discovered or to
prove to be something’”
Ø
It
turned out that Sarah was a friend of my sister.
Ø
My
decision turned out to have been a mistake.
Turn
out (2)
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
A
big crowd always turns out for the fair.
Ø The whole town
turned out to watch what was happening.
Ø The movie has been
a flop. Only about ten people have turned out to see it.
Ø
The
government are finding ways to persuade more voters to turn out.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Choose
the two best verbs to complete this meaning of turn out.
Attend,
ignore, leave, go to
To…………………………….or
to…………………………………….something, especially an event
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. Thousands of
people turned out.
b. Why didn’t anybody
turn out?
c. The game turned
out a crowd.
d. An enormous crowd
was turned out.
Practise
1. Look at the
pictures of seats in a concert hall. Black squares are occupied seats. How many
people turned out on each night of the concert? Write a sentence about each
night, using the verb turn out.
a. 
b.
c.
d.
2. complete the
following sentences in an appropriate way, using a form of turn out and any
other necessary information.
a. 
The newspapers said no on would go
to the funeral but in fact the whole town
b. 
It is the country’s first
presidential election tomorrow and I think almost everyone
c. 
when it rains at the festival,
everyone still
Build
your vocabulary
RELATED
WORDS
NOUN: ‘TURNOUT (= the
number of people who attend an event or vote in an election) (this is usually
used in the singular.)
Ø
The
turnout for the election was very high.
Turn
out in force. This emphasizes that a large number of people attend;
Ø
The
fans turned out in force to support the team.
Test yourself
Используйте
нужное слово around, out, over, up, into, inside out, upside down, чтобы
придать предложениям законченный смыслю после выполнения задания заполните
таблицу, как показано в примере.
0. Look! Why have you
turned your socks…………..?
1. Turn…………..the page
and you’ll see the information you’re looking for.
2. When little
children play together, they often turn the place………
3. Do you know that
Steve has turned …………to be a very good guitar player?
4. After these events
the fearful wolf disappeared and never turned…….again.
5. If you heat water
up to 100C, it turns……………steam.
6. At night he
couldn’t sleep and kept turning………….
7. Turn the
sweater………..: it should be ironed only on the reverse side.
8. The traveler
turned………..to look at his home for the last time.
9. How can I find my
papers in a room where everything has been turned……….?
10. The test
turned………….to be easier than we had thought.
11. The car
turned…….after the crash.
12. I heard a voice
and turned……………….
13. She tried hard to
turn everything………………a joke.
14. Turn………..the next
page and look at the picture.
15. I turned my
pockets………..but couldn’t find the coin.
16. Guess who
turned………at my place yesterday?
17. If you turn the
envelope……………,the key will fall out.
18. The boy
turned………..to be my new neighbor.
19. I just sat down and
waited for the ice to turn…………… water.
20. Gradually his
breath turned……………snoring.
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Away— убрать,
унести
Off-1)снимать
2)взлетать
Back-отнести на
место
To take
Down-1)снимать
2)записывать
Take
off
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
What
time is your flight due to take off?
Ø We were a bit late
taking off.
Ø
The
plane eventually took off at 5 p.m.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
1. Use two of the
words below to complete this meaning of take off:
Touch,
fly, leave, move
To…………….the
ground and begin to…………………
2. According to the meaning
above, which of the following can take off in this way?
a. An aircraft
GRAMMAR
Which of these are grammatically possible?
a. The plane took off
b. We took off.
c. We took off the
plane
d. The plane took off
the ground
b. a ball
c . A train
d. a train
e. bomb
Practice
1. Match the two
halves to make complete sentences.
a. In the end we
b. It was 10 p.m.
c. Apparently the
flight didn’t
d. We were a bit late
i.
Take
off at all
ii.
Took
off on time
iii.
Taking
off
iv.
When
we finally took off
2. Explain to your
friend why you were late arriving in Paris.
Build
your vocabulary
RELATED
WORDS
NOUN ‘take-off (this
noun can be countable or uncountable.)
Ø
I
hate frying, but fortunately it was a nice smooth take-off.
Ø
We
are now ready for take-off.
OPPOSITIES
The
opposite of to take is to land:
Ø
It
was raining when we look off in Paris, but sunny when we landed in London.
OTHER
MEANINGS
Take
off can also be used about in idea ,a product or somebody’s career that
suddenly becomes very successful:
Ø
Sales
of mobile phones have really taken off in recently years.
Ø
Her
career is just starting to take off.
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
Why
don’t you take your coat off?
Ø Do you mind if I
take off my shoes?
Ø Marcus gave me the
ring and I promised never to take it off.
Ø
All
jewellery must be taken off when doing sports.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
1. Circle the verb
that is closest in meaning to take off.
To
wear, to remove, to collect, to leave
2. Which of the
following can you not take off?
Gloves,
necklace, sunglasses, contact lenses.
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. He took his tie
off.
b. He took off his
tie.
c. He took it off.
d. He took off it
e. His tie was taken
off.
Practice
Respond to the following, using take something
off and the information in brackets in an appropriate way in each case. Add any
other words you think you need. The first one has been done for you.
a.
Do
you need some help?
Yes,
please. i…………………………..(my boots)
b.
It’s
so hot in here!
Why…………………………(your
sweater)?
c.
Why
aren’t you wearing your ring?
I
always……………………….(wash my hands)
d.
Is
the office warm enough for you?
No.
that’s why I ………………………….(my coat).
e.
Where
do you think you left your watch?
I
don’t know. I remember…………………………( changed my clothes).
f.
What
are looking for?
My
glasses. I’ve forgotten where I put them when……………….
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
Remove
is a more formal verb:
Ø
Please
remove your shoes before entering the temple.
OPPOSITITES
PUT
SOMETHING ON
Take
up
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
I
didn’t know you’d taken up cookery!
Ø He’s taken up
jogging in order to lose weight.
Ø She took up
languages and now speaks Chinese quite well.
Ø
I
used to do some writing and I’d like to take it up again.
Check use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Choose
three of the words below to complete this meaning of take up something.
Activity,
pleasure, star, work.
………………………to
do a new………………… ,especially for……………….
GRAMMAR
Which
of these are grammatically possible?
a. She took up
sailing
b. She took it up
c. She took up it
d. Sailing was taken
up.
Practice
1. Complete the
sentences with the correct form of take up and one of the objects below.
Baseball,
her new job, different instruments, it, painting, one, smoking
a. Tom
recently…………………. To get fit.
b. He advises parents
and children on the dangers of…………….
c. Rather than all of
us playing the flute, I think we should…………………..
d. I had never been
fishing before, but I have now…………………….and am enjoying it.
e. My art teacher
advised me……………….as a career
f.
She………………..first
thing Monday morning.
g. I never had the
time for a hobby, even if I had wanted to………………….
2. Correct any errors
in the following.
a. She decided to
take up walk to try to keep fit.
b. I believe she took
up the violin at the age of 4.
c. I was no good at
rugby so I take up rowing.
d. There are lots of
hobbies that you can take them up.
Build
your vocabulary
OPPOSITES
GIVE
UP, GIVE UP SOMETHING
take something
back
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø I
take back what I said about her being mean.
Ø He
said it was my fault, and refused to take his comments back.
Ø The
statement was taken back but the damage had already been done.
Check Use the
sentences in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which of these explanations best fits this
meaning of take something back?
a.
to admit that something you said is wrong
or that you should not have said it
b.
to say that what you said is right
c.
to accuse somebody of saying something that is not true
GRAMMAR
Which of these are grammatically
correct?
a.
I take back everything I said.
b.
I take my comments back.
c.
I take back.
d. I take it back. e It was taken back
Practise
1.
Rearrange these words to make a correct
sentence.
take said back it but
was he I unhelpful I all
2.
Write sentences using one of the nouns
below and a different form of take back in
each. One has been done for you as an
example.
allegation remark statement comment criticism a He refused to take back his remark.
c _________________________________
d _________________________________
e _________________________________
.
Build your
vocabulary
synonyms
The verbs retract and withdraw mean the same
as take
something back, but they are formal words:
Ø
He made a false confession which he later
retracted.
Ø The newspaper withdrew the allegations the next day.
Take something
in
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø She took in the situation at a glance and ran for help.
Ø It’s incredible news. I really can’t take it in. Are you
sure it’s true?
Ø I’ve been reading for hours. I’m so tired that I’m not
taking anything in any more.
Ø The lecturer spoke really fast and it was quite difficult
to take it all in.
Ø She found it hard to take in what he had told her.
Check Use the sentences in the Study box to help you do these
exercises.
MEANING
True of false?
a.
Take in can mean ‘to understand, remember or believe new information’.
b.
Take in is usually used when it is easy to
understand, remember or believe something.
GRAMMAR
Which of these are grammatically possible?
a. I really can’t
take it in.
b. At
first, he couldn’t take in.
c. It’s hard to take it in.
d. He was unable to take in it.
Practise
1.
Choose the right phrase to make a sentence.
a.
There was so much information taking in/to
take in that I didn’t learn much.
b.
Do you think you took in/take in much
of what they were telling us?
c.
It’s been a real shock — I haven’t taken
it all in/been taken in yet.
d.
I don’t think I’ll ever really be able to
take in/can take in the news.
2.
Rewrite these sentences using a suitable form
of take something in. The first one has been done for you.
a.
A lot of the lecture this morning was too
difficult for me to understand. A lot of
the . lecture was too difficult to take in.
b.
She did tell me her name, but I didn’t really
pay attention to what she was saying.
She did tell me her name, but I_____________________________________
c.
I was shocked and at first I didn’t realize
what had happened.
I was shocked_______________________________________
Build
your vocabulary
similar verbs
Sink in has a similar meaning but is used in
a different way:
Ø
We’re getting married! I don’t think I’ve
taken it yet!
Ø
We’re getting married! I don’t think it’s
sunk in yet!
Notice that it is the news or the information
that is the subject of the verb.
take something Out,
take something Out of something
Study Read these sentences carefully,
Ø He
felt in his pocket and took out his keys.
Ø It
won’t work if you take the batteries out.
Ø He
was caught taking money out of the till.
Ø »• That’s my phone! Did you take it out of my drawer?
Ø You
can take three books out at a time.
Ø These
books cannot be taken out of the library.
Check Use the sentences in
the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which of these sentences best explains
this meaning of take something out?
a. To borrow something from somewhere
b. To remove something from somewhere.
c. To show something to somebody.
GRAMMAR
There
is a grammatical mistake in one of the
following sentences. Find it and
correct it.
a.
She took out her keys.
b.
She took out her keys of her pocket.
c.
She took them out.
d.
She took £200 out of the bank.
e.
She took £200 out.
.
Practise
Use the correct form of take out or take out of and
one of the nouns or pronouns below to
complete these sentences.
libraries
the
laptop
a.
I had a long wait at the airport, so I
my report.
b.
Too many books are______
c.
If you___________ with a credit card, you’ll have to pay interest.
d.
Keep fireworks in a metal box and
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMS You
can also use withdraw when talking about taking money out
of a bank. It is slightly more formal: »
Ø He withdrew $450 from the bank.
OPPOSITES If you put money into your bank account, you can use the verb
pay in:
Ø I paid in £500 this morning.
Use take back or return to refer to library books:
Ø I need to take these books back to the library.
other MEANINGS You can also use take out when you arrange a
loan, insurance or a mortgage:
Ø He had to take out a huge loan to repay his debts
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø Take down this telephone number.
Ø The secretary took some details down and said her boss
would call me back.
Ø I read out the numbers and Julie took them down.
Ø My address had been taken down wrongly.
Check Use the sentences in the Study box to help you do these
exercises.
MEANING
Which of the following is closest in meaning to take
something down?
a to move something to a lower
position
b to make something shorter c to write something
Now check your answers in the key.
GRAMMAR
Which of the following are grammatically possible?
a He took down her phone
number. b He took
her phone number
down.
c He took it down. d He took down it. e Her phone number was
taken down.
Practise
1 Match
the two halves to make complete sentences.
a.
I didn’t know which member of staff
I had spoken to
b.
I couldn’t return her phone call c
c.
One of the cars sped away from the
crash scene
d.
He took out a notebook
i. and took down my name and
address.
ii because I’d forgotten
to take down her
name.
iii because I’d taken down her number
wrongly.
iv so I took down its registration number.
2 Rewrite the following sentences, using a form of take something down in each.
a.
The police officer wrote down my address in
his notebook.
b.
The reporters were recording every word she
said.
c.
The official sat at a table, making a note of the information
Mike was giving him.
Build your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
note
something down:
Ø noted down all my friends’ email addresses.
See also write something down in Really Learn 100 Phrasal Verbs
Take to somebody
or something
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø She never takes to her son’s girlfriends.
Ø He’s taken to his new school very quickly.
Ø Jack is a great coach and I’ll be amazed if the team
doesn’t take to him at once.
Ø I tried to learn the
piano, but I never really took to it.
Check Use the sentences in
the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which of the following is closest in meaning
to take to somebody or something?
a.
start disliking somebody or
something
b. steal somebody or something
c.
start liking somebody or something
GRAMMAR
Which of these are grammatically possible?
a.
She took to Peter at once.
b.
She took to him at once.
c.
She took Peter to at once.
d.
She took him to very quickly.
e.
Peter was taken to very quickly.
Practise
1. Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of take
to.
a.
At first Max didn’t__________ his new teacher.
b.
She has really___________ science.
c.
Give it a go and see if you__________ it.
d.
She seems to be___________ the new job.
e.
I’m sorry the baby’s crying so much. She
just doesn’t_______
strangers.
2. Complete the sentences by using the correct form of take
to and one of the three possible
nouns or pronouns.
her school/studying/ teachers, offices/boss/emails straight
a.
She didn’t like school and never__
b.
Most of the team___________ th
away.
c.
I thought the two kids would get on well, but
they didn’t___
themselves/
him/ each other at all.
.
Build
your vocabulary
idioms Not take kindly to something means ‘to not like something’:
Ø She didn’t take kindly to being told what to do.
opposites To take against
somebody or something:
Ø Why have you suddenly taken against Laura?
other meanings To take to something also means ‘to develop an ability
for something’:
Ø If you take to the work, we’ll give you a job here.
take something back
Study Read these sentences
carefully.
Ø I take back what I said about her being mean.
Ø He said it was my fault, and refused to take his comments
back.
Ø The statement was taken back but the damage had already
been done.
Check Use the sentences in
the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which of
these explanations best fits this meaning of take something back?
a.
to admit that something you said is wrong
or that you should not have said it
b.
to say that what you said is right
c.
c to accuse somebody of saying something that is not true
GRAMMAR
Which of
these are grammatically
correct?
a.
I take back everything I said.
b.
I take my comments back.
c.
I take back.
d.
I take it back.
e.
It was taken back.
Practise
1.
Rearrange these words to make a correct
sentence.
take
said back it but was he I unhelpful I all
2.
Write sentences using one of the nouns
below and a different form of take back in
each. One has been done for you as an
example.
allegation remark
statement comment criticism a He
refused to take back his remark.
c ________________________________
d ________________________________
e ________________________________
Build your vocabulary
synonyms
The verbs
retract and withdraw mean the same as take
something
back, but they are formal words:
Ø
He made a false confession which he later
retracted.
Ø The newspaper withdrew the allegations the next day.
Take up something
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø
The
equipment is expensive and takes up a lot of space.
Ø
I’m
sorry to take up so much of your time.
Ø
Looking
for a place to live has been taking up all my recently.
Ø
The
whole day has been taken up with making phone calls.
Check Use the sentences in the Study box
to help you do these exercises
.
MEANING
Choose the best verb to complete this
meaning of take something up.
Arrange, be, fill, organize.
To……………..a particular amount of space or
time
GRAMMAR
Which of these are grammatically possible?
a. The table takes up
a lot of room.
b. The table takes a
lot of room up.
c. A lot of room is
taken up.
d. The table takes it
up.
Practice
1. Complete these
sentences with either a positive or negative from of take up in a suitable
tense.
a. This sleeping bag
rolls up really small so it…………………much space in my rucksack.
b. I wish you didn’t
have to work so much. It………………to much of your time.
c. I’m sure he won’t
mind helping you, as long as you…………….too much of his time.
d. He found that most
of his time……………..with looking after the children.
e. Once we folded the
chairs up, they hardly…………..any room
2. In one of these
sentences the verbs take up is not used correctly. Can you find and correct the
mistake?
a. The annual report
takes up nearly thirty pages.
b. The new flat
screen monitors are very popular as they take up so little space.
c. What space there
was had been took up by two long tables.
d. The main problem
with this software is that it takes up too much disk space.
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
To
occupy something is a more formal verb with a similar meaning:
Ø
Worrying
about the kids occupies all my time!
Ø
A
single picture occupied the whole screen.
Takes
after
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
I
take after my mother in looks, but people say I’ve got my father’s character.
Ø He’s very musical.
He takes after his grandfather in that respect.
Ø Who do you take
after- your mother or your father?
Ø
Jack
is so sporty- he doesn’t take after me!
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
To
take after somebody means ‘to look like or behave like an older member of your
family’. Which of these people can you take after?
a. Your son
b. Your father
c. Your younger
sister
d. Your grandmother
GRAMMAR
Which of these are grammatically possible?
a. He takes his
mother after.
b. He takes after his
mother.
c. He takes after her
d. He is taking after
his mother
e. His mother is
taken after
f. Your friend
e. Your aunt
Practice
1. March the two
halves to make complete sentences.
a. I take after my
mother
b. I don’t think I
take after
c. I am told I take
after my father
d. My father and both
love climbing
e. I must take after
my grandmother
f.
Both
children were small and took after
i.
As
we are both very impatient.
ii.
Because
I’ve got green eyes like her.
iii.
Their
mother.
iv.
But
I don’t think we are very similar.
v.
My
mother or my father.
vi.
So
I like after him in that respect.
2.who
do you take after? Write some sentences about yourself, using the verb take
after. Use the complete sentences from the last exercise as examples to follow.
Build
your vocabulary
SIMILAR
VERBS
Resemble
somebody can be used when somebody looks like or is similar to another person:
Ø
She
closely resembles her sister.
At-посмотреть
на кого-то, что-то
For-искать
Through-посмотреть
To look
After-присматривать
up(in)-посмотреть
Look
for doing something
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø I’m
looking for my watch. Have you seen it?
Ø Jack
looked for his name on the list but couldn’t find it.
Ø Where
have you been? We’ve been looking for you everywhere.
Ø He’d
lost some files, and we spent over an hour looking for them.
Ø What
are you looking for?
Ø I’m
looking for a job at the moment.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to you help you do these exercises.
MEANING GRAMMAR
Which
of the following means Which of these
are grammatically
the
same as look for somebody or possible?
something? а.
He
is looking for his brother.
a. to
watch somebody or something b. He is looking his
brother for.
b. to
search for somebody or something c. He is looking for him.
c. to
take care of somebody or d He is looking him for.
something e
A job is being looked for.
Practise
1
Complete the following with the correct form of look
for and one of the phrases below.
Her son her contact lenses a
blue shirt it an apartment
a
(In
a store) ‘Can I help you?’
‘Yes,
I________________________________________________.’
b
Have
you seen my black scarf?
I’ve
______________________________________everywhere.
c
Clare
was on her hands and knees, ________________________________________________.
d
She
was frantically _____________________________________, who had run off
somewhere.
e
My
journey to work takes too long. I’m going _______________________________________
in the centre of town.
2
There is a grammatical mistake in one of these
sentences. Can you find the mistake and correct it?
a
If
you’re looking for a cheap second-hand car, you’ve come to the right place!
b
Is
this the book you were looking for?
c
Sarah
lost her keys, so we spent ages looking for all over the house.
Build your vocabulary
OTHER
MEANING
To
look for something can also mean ‘to expert or hope for something’:
—
The
examiners will be looking for good grammar and spelling.
—
What
do you look for in an assistant manager?
SIMILAR
VERBS
To
have a look (for somebody or something), especially whn you are trying to find
something quickly or in
one
place:
—
‘Have
you seen my keys?’ “Have a look in the kitchen.’
Look forward to doing something
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
Are
you looking forward to the weddings?
Ø
I’m
looking forward to seeing Jane and Peter again. Aren’t you?
Ø
We’re
going to France next week. I’m really looking forward to it.
Ø
I
wasn’t looking forward to going to the dentist again!
Ø
I’ve
nothing much to look forward to now.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING GRAMMAR
Choose
the best explanation of Which of these
are
the meaning of
look forward to grammatically possible?
something: a
She’s
looking forward to
a.
to look at something that is in the
party.
front of you b She’s looking
forward to it.
b.
to feel excited about something c
She’s looking forward to leave.
that is going to happen in the d She’s looking forward
to leaving.
future
c.
to think about something that
might happen in the future
Practise
1.
Correct the errors in these sentences.
a I’m looking forward to the party very much – all my
friends are coming.
b What time is your brother arriving? I’m
already looking forward to meet him.
c Finally the day of the game arrived. I’d
been looking forward to for ages.
d The mail only came once a week, so we
always looked forward.
e It’s nearly the weekend, so that’s something
to look forward to it!
2. Is
there anything that you are looking forward to? What are you not looking
forward to? Write some sentences about yourself, using this verb.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Build
your vocabulary
OTHER
MEANINGS
Look
forward to is used very often at the end of more formal letters:
Ø I
look forward to hearing from you son.
Ø Looking
forward to meeting you next week.
Look
after somebody, something or yourself
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø
She
found that looking after two young children on her own not easy.
Ø
Who’s
looking after the apartment while you are away?
Ø
That
MP3 player was expensive. You should look after it.
Ø
She’s
sixteen, and feels that she is old enough to look after herself.
Ø
My
sister is still very sick and is being looked after by our parents.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING GRAMMAR
Choose the best answer to complete Which
of these are
each part of this meaning of look grammatically
possible?
after somebody or something: a
I
looking my brother after.
a not alone d happy b
I looked after my brother.
b dry e in good
condition c I looked him after.
c safe d
I looked after him.
e
My brother was looked after.
If you look after somebody you make sure
that they are ___________. If you look after
something you make sure that it is _______________.
Practise
1.
Read this hotel review. Underline the 3 verbs that
could be replaced with a form of look after. Rewrite the sentences underneath.
The Beach Hotel
If you want to be
taken care of very well, this is the hotel for you. The team of staff are all
very professional and really enjoy caring for their guests. On our final day,
the receptionist booked a car to take us to the airport in the evening and kept
our suitcases so that we go out for the day.
2.
In one of these sentences the verb
look after is not used correctly. Can you find which one and correct the
mistake?
a She runs her own
business, as well as looking after four children.
b The animals will
get sick if you don’t look after them properly.
c Jimmy will be well
looking after here with us.
d Make sure you look
after yourself by eating well and getting regular exercuse.
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
Care
for is more formal. Look after is used more in British English and take care of
in American
English:
Ø She
has a new job, caring for elderly patients.
Ø Who’s
going to take care of the kids while you’re at work?
Test yourself.
Используйте нужное
слово at, for, through, after,up, чтобы
придать предложениям законченный смыслю после выполнения задания заполните
таблицу, как показано в примере.
0.
I’d
like to look ___the latest issue of Mary Glasgow magazine.
1.
–
What are you looking_____?
—
My
glasses. I can’t read the newspaper without them.
2.
If
you don’t know some of the dates, look them ____ in the history book.
3.
Jake
seldom reads his magazines, he just looks ____ them.
4.
Go
and find a taxi and I’ll look ____ the suitcases.
5.
Look
____ the picture. What’s in it?
6.
The
child is still very young and must be looked ____ .
7.
Please
look ____ the papers before I give them to the boss. There may be mistakes in
them.
8.
Look
____ me, Look ____ me! I’m wearing my new dress!
9.
The
best way to find out what a word means is to look it ____ in a dictionary.
10.
Mary
spends a lot of time in bookshops looking ____ rare editions.
11.
I
looked ____ the test again but couldn’t find any mistakes.
12.
Mary
and I are looking ____ a new house for our family.
13.
A
cat may look ____ a king.
14.
Don’t
worry, I’ll look ____ your pets while you’re away.
15.
You
can look ____ her telephone number in the book.
16.
I’ve
spent hours in the shops looking ____ a suitable dress.
17.
In
hospital I was very well looked ____ .
18.
In
the new school he spent a lot of time looking ____ the right classroom.
19.
I
looked this information ____ in a number of books.
20. Looking
____ the newspaper I saw my friend’s name in one of the articles.
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17 |
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20 |
On-1)сесть
на велосипед 2)делать успехи
Off-сойти с
велосипеда
Along-ухаживать
Out-выйти
наружу
Back— вернуться
To get
Up-подниматься
Away-удрать
Over-справиться
с чем-то
Down-приняться за работу
Get
off; get off something
Study Read these sentences
carefully.
Ø Is this where we
get off?
Ø Your bike’s got
flat tyre. You’d better get off and walk.
Ø The teenager was
last seen getting off a train in Liverpool.
Ø The bus stopped
and three got off
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING GRAMMAR
1. Which one of the
following means Which of these are grammatically possible?
the
same as to get off a train? a He got off at the
last stop.
а. to leave a train b
He got the train off at the last stop.
b
. to
board a train c He got off the train at the
last stop.
c
. .to
travel on a train d He got himself off
quichly.
e
He got off in quickly.
2.
Which
of the following can you get off?
a a horse e
a bicycle
b a train f
a ship
c a car g
a truck
d a plane h
a cab
Practise
1.
Complete
these sentences with the correct form of get off and an object (a noun or a
pronoun).
a There was a
problem at the airport when we landed, and they wouldn’t let us _____________________________________________.
b Sorry I’m late. I
______________________________at the wrong stop, and had to walk.
c You can’t cycle
here! ______________________________at once!
2. Complete this
dialogue, using a form get off, get off something in your answers.
a
‘____________________________ the bus?’
‘Outside
the school.’
b
‘How
will I know when get there?’
‘Lots
of people _______________ or you can ask the driver where___________.’
Build
your vocabulary
SYNONYMAS
There
are more formal verbs with the same meaning. You can alight from a bus or train
and
disembark
from a ship or plane:
Ø Visitors should
alight at the Fort Road stop.
Ø Passengers were
waiting to disembark.
Get
on
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø Do you get on with
all the people you work with?
Ø Sarah and I go to
on well, and I missed her when she left.
Ø She’s not getting
on very well with her parents at the moment.
Ø How are you and
Peter getting on?
Ø We all get on really
well together.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING GRAMMAR
Use one of the words below to Which
of these are grammatically
complete this meaning of get on: possible?
bad friendly family difficult a
They get on.
to have a ___________________ b
They get on well.
relationship with somebody c
They get on their colleagues.
d
They get on with their colleagues.
Practise
1. Match the two
halves to make complete sentences.
a My neighbour and I I
but we’re very different.
b My brother and I
get on fairly well ii with my mother than my father.
c I’ve always got on
very well iii with my sister-in-law.
d I used to get on
better iv don’t get on at all.
2.
Who
do you get on with? Who don’t you get on very well with? Write some sentences
about yourself, using this verb. Use the complete sentences from the last exercise
as example to follow.
Build your
vocabulary
IDIOMS
get
on/along like a house on fire. This is an informal expression meaning ‘to
become friends quickly and
have
a very friendly relationship’:
Ø I was worried that
they wouldn’t like each other, but they’re getting on like a house on fire!
SYNONYMS
You
can use the particle along instead of on, especially in American English:
Ø Russ and I have
always got along really well.
get on, get on something
study Use these
sentences carefully.
Ø The bus stopped to
let more people get on.
Ø No one got on at
the next station.
Ø Her cellphone rang
just as she getting on the train.
Ø The bus was so
full that we couldn’t even get on it.
Check Use the sentences
in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING GRAMMAR
1.
Which
of the following means the same Which of these are grammatically
possible?
as to get on a
train? a. We got on outside the school.
a. to leave a
train b. We got on the bus outside the
school.
b. to board a
train c. We got it on outside the school.
c. to travel on a
train d. We got on it outside the school.
2.
a.
a horse e. a bicycle
b. a train f.
a ship
c. a car g.
a truck
d. a plane h.
a tram
Practise
Complete
the postcard with the correct forms of get on and an object (a noun or a
pronoun) if necessary.
Well,
here we are in Majorca! We had to wait for three hours at the airport before
they let us ________________________ when we arrived in Palma, we went outside
the airport and ________________________________ to the hotel, but it was very
full and Jack didn’t manage ____________________________. We were worried about
him, but you know Jack – he always finds a solution. He wasn’t worried about
not ____________________. He hired a motorbike, ______________________ with all
his luggage and got to the hotel before we did!
Build your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
Board
something or board is a more formal verb:
Ø We boarded the bus
and chose seats at the front.
Ø
The
flight is now boarding at Gate 12.
get something Over,
get something Over With
Study Read these sentences carefully.
Ø
Go to the
doctor and get the blood test over.
Ø
Let’s start the job today and then we’ll
get it over quickly.
Ø I’m just pleased that I have got the exam over with!
Ø I told him the bad news immediately and got it over
with.
Check
Use the sentences in the Study box to help
you do these exercises.
MEANING
If you get something over or get something over with, do you:
a.
start something new?
b.
do something unpleasant and finish it?
c.
do something pleasant and finish it?
d. recover
from something?
GRAMMAR
Which of these are grammatically possible?
a.
I’m pleased I’ve got the test over.
b. I’m pleased I’ve got the test over
with.
c.
I’m pleased I’ve got over the test.
d.
Tell him
and get it over with.
e. Tell him now and then it is got
over with.
Practise
Match the two halves to make complete sentences.
.
2 Rewrite the words in italics in the
following sentences, using the correct form of get over with and any other words you need.
a. The
doctor always gives the painful injections first to finish them at the beginning.
b. 
Do
the housework this morning and then you can relax this afternoon.
c. 
Tara
and Will agreed to be the first people on the list because they wanted to do
the test and finish it quickly.
d. Hurry up!
Tell me my results and finish it!
Build your vocabulary
IDIOMS
get something over and done with. This is a
common idiom:
Ø Do the test as soon as possible and get it over and
done with.
get by
Study Read
these sentences carefully.
Ø
We’re just getting by and don’t have any
money to spare.
I couldn’t cook but I got by by getting takeaways.
Ø
Some people can get by on less than five
hours’ sleep.
Ø He’s
so helpful, I couldn’t get by without him.
Ø I
don’t know much Japanese, but I can get by.
Check Use the
sentences in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which of these explanations best fits this
meaning of get by?
a to ask somebody to come and help
you do something b to borrow
some money in order to
buy things c
to manage to live or do something
using just what you have
GRAMMAR
There is a grammatical mistake in of the
following sentences. Find it correct it.
a She earns such a small salary. H
does she get by? b How do they
get by on such a si
salary? c How do
they get by to such a sn
salary? d They got by on her small salary.
Practise
Fill the gaps in these sentences with the correct form of get
by and, if necessary one of the
prepositions in the box.
on
with without
until he finds another job.
__ state benefits.
a He hopes his family will___
b Many families are struggling
to
c I don’t know how they____
d I couldn’t_______________
e We________________ no
car for years.
2. Look at the things below and write a
sentence for each of them, using a form of get by, to say
whether you could live without them or not.
MP3 player washing machine computer
mobile phone/cellphone diary/calenc
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Build your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
The verb survive means almost the same as get
by:
Ø Some
people have to sell possessions just to survive.
get around to something;
get around to doing something
Study Read
these sentences carefully.
Ø Now I’m finally getting around to the point of my
article.
Ø I keep meaning to put the picture up in my office, but I
haven’t got around to it yet.
Ø She had to wait
three hours before the doctor got around to her.
Ø When were you going to get around to telling me you were
leaving?
Check Use the
sentences in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
When you get around to something, do you:
a go and visit somebody?
b write the final paragraph of a
report? c find
time to do something?
.
GRAMMAR
Which of these are grammatically
possible?
a.
I haven’t got around to it yet.
b.
I haven’t got around to doing it yet.
c.
I
haven’t got around to do it yet.
d.
I haven’t got around it to yet.
e.
It hasn’t been got around to yet.
Practise
1 Make five sentences by joining two parts with a
suitable form of get around to.
a It’s time to get rid of our old car, but we
b I should have done the report last week and
I’m only just
c My sister hasn’t been in touch for ages,
but I expect she
d When are you going to
e I really enjoyed her first novel, but I
don’t think she
I writing a second.
!l writing it now.
iii selling it yet.
iv telling him the truth?
v calling me soon.
2 Write two
or three sentences about things you should have done but haven’t had time to do yet, using a form of get around to in
each.
Build your vocabulary
SYNONYMS
Ø In British English, get round to is more common.
get
away with something
Study Read these
sentences carefully.
Ø Some drivers still think they can get away with
drinking and driving.
Ø The new law means that employers can no longer get away
with underpaying
employees.
Ø
I know what you’ve done. You’re not
getting away with this.
Ø I can’t believe he insulted the boss and got away with
it.
Check Use the sentences in the Study box to help you do
these exercises.
MEANING
Which of
these explanations best fits this meaning of get away with?
a.
to
escape from somewhere
b.
to, not be punished for something wrong that
you have done
c.
to be punished because you have
done something wrong
GRAMMAR
Which of
these are grammatically possible?
a.
He gets away with everything.
b.
He got away with everything.
c.
He got it away with.
d.
He got away with it.
Practise
1.
Fill the gaps in the sentences with the
correct form of get away with.
a. Don’t be tempted to cheat — you won’t_______ it.
b. He
1. everything
and his wife never complains.
i.
it if his brother hadn’t told his parents.
d. I wouldn’t pay if I thought I could it.
2.
Read each sentence and then write a sentence
saying whether somebody got away with something or not.
a.
She was fined £1000 for not paying her taxes.
b.
He stole some money but no one discovered it.
c.
The kids drew all over the walls and their mother should at them
d.
He touched the ball with his hand, but the referee didn’t notice.
Build
your vocabulary
IDIOMS
get away
with murder. To do whatever you want without being
stopped
or punished:
Ø She lets the kids get away with murder.
get over something
Study Read
these sentences carefully.
Ø If you want to be a singer, you have to get over your
shyness.
Ø We couldn’t find anywhere to live, but we got over that
by staying with relatives.
Ø This problem can be
got over without too much difficulty.
Check Use
the sentences in the Study box to help you do these exercises.
MEANING
Which of the following is closest in
meaning to get over something?
a climb over something
b deal with something
c run away from something
GRAMMAR
Which of these are grammatically possible?
a We got over the problem.
b We got over it.
c We got the problem over.
d We got it over.
e The problem was got over.
Practise
1 Sarah needs to hand in her homework
tomorrow morning. Her computer has broken and she cannot use it
to finish her work. Which of the following are ways of getting over her
problem?
a.
She does not do her homework.
b.
She uses her friend’s computer to do her
homework.
c.
She writes her homework on paper.
d.
She stops worrying about not being able to do
her homework.
2 Complete
the following sentences using a form of get
over and one of the words or expressions below.
his fear of heights bad driving
habits your nerves it
a.
A large part of the advanced driving test is_______________________
b.
If you get anxious before an exam, deep
breathing exercises can help you
__________________________________________________________
c.
At first he found talking about his feelings difficult, but he
soon________
d.
He will not be a firefighter until he__________________________
Build
your vocabulary
synonyms
To overcome something is more formal:
Ø It was a very difficult problem to overcome.
other MEANINGS
Phrases like / can’t get over it! are
used when you are very surprised or shocked about something: >• I can’t get over how much she’s changed.
-»
GET SOMETHING OVER, GET SOMETHING OVER
WITH
See also get over
somebody or something in Really Learn 100 Phrasal Verbs.
Get
Some verbs can be used in combination with
a variety of verbs and prepositions. In this book you have met get in
combination with:
off on out over up
Exercise 1 –Meaning
Match each sentence with an
explanation of the meaning in the box.
a. I’m
still getting over my cold.
b. They
were locked in the building and couldn’t get out
c. It’s
6.30! You should be getting up now.
d. I ran
to the station and got on die train just before it left.
e. Do
you get on well with your teachers?
f. I
said I would go shopping with him, so I can’t get out of it now.
g.
Anna got off the bus and sorted to walk along the road.
i.
to board a bus, train, plane, etc
ii.
have a friendly relationship with somebody
iii.
to manage to find a way out of a place
iv.
to return to your usual state of health or happiness after an
illness, a shock, etc
v.
to get out of bed
vi.
to leave a bus, train or plane
vii.
to avoid are responsibility or duty
Exercise 2 -Test Yourself
Complete the sentences with
the correct form of a suitable phrasal verb with get
a. My
parents don’t……………….with their neighbours very well.
b. Don’t
leave your bags on the tram when you …………………it.
c. You
promised to help me! You can’t …………….. it now.
d. I
watched him …………….his bike and ride away.
e. Come
on, lazy! It’s time to……………….
f. She
tripped and fell after……………….the car.
g.
I was very angry with him, but I’ll…………….it.
Test yourself
Используйте
нужное слово on, off, along, out, up, away, over, down, back,чтобы придать
предложениям законченный смысл. После выполнения задания заполните таблицу, как
показано в примере.
0. How
are you getting ……….dear?
1. Rose
says she is afraid of dogs and she can’t get ………….this fear.
2. It’s
seven o’clock. Time to get…………..
3. Here’s
our bus, let’s get…………….
4. Well,
boys and girls, the bell has gone, let’s get………….to work.
5. How
are you getting ………….with your English?
6. We’ll
be in trouble if the secret information gets
7. We
have a new secretary. She’s a nice girl and we get …………..very well.
8. Follow
that man! He’s a criminal and is trying to get………..with our money!
9. Ann is
still weak, she hasn’t got……….her disease yet.
10. When I
saw Boris at about five yesterday, he was talking to the postman without
getting……….his bike.
11. How
are you and your neighbour getting……………?
12. I
caught a very big fish but it got……………..
13. I
really must get………..to my studies, I’ve been lazy too long.
14. Excuse
me, I have to get……….at the next stop.
15. Does
she get…………well with her cousin?
16. We
can’t get any more people……….. , you’ll have to wait for the next bus.
17. The
door is locked and I can’t get……….!
18. We’ll
do our best to get………..this difficulty, I promise.
19.
Get, when the queen enters the room.
20.
I hate getting………..early.
|
0 |
7 |
14 |
|||
|
1 |
8 |
15 |
|||
|
2 |
9 |
16 |
|||
|
3 |
10 |
17 |
|||
|
4 |
11 |
18 |
|||
|
5 |
12 |
19 |
|||
|
6 |
13 |
20 |
TEST
YOURSELF
Выберите
для каждого из предложений подходящий по смыслу глагол. После выполнения
задания заполните таблицу, как показано в таблице.
0.She promised to………
up early tomorrow.
a) do b) get c)look
1.That day we were late and ………down to
work only by noon.
a) get h) run
2. this is our station,…………..off quickly
a) make b) take
c)get
3. I’m so sorry I have………up sport
a)turned b) done
4. The pancake is burning!……..it over
now!
a) Run b) Turn
c)get
5. I never sell my books, I………them away.
a) give b)
run c)do
6. the story………out to be so
boring that I couldn’t read it to the end.
a)set
b)turned c)gave
7. never………….up hope!
a)do
b)give c)turn
8. in the film the hero
easily…………..away from his enemies.
a)runs
b)gives c)does
9……………the picture down and
look closer at it.
a)get
b)run c)take
10. I’ll………..out some paper
for you to write on.
a)turn
b)give c)set
|
0 |
get |
6 |
|
|
1 |
7 |
||
|
2 |
8 |
||
|
3 |
9 |
||
|
4 |
10 |
||
|
5 |
0. It’s time to _ off to the station.
a) get b) set
1 . It all _ out to be a misunderstanding.
a) turned b) set
2. _away, children. My eyes are
tired from reading. We’ll finish the story tomorrow.
a) Take b) Run
3. The book was _ down to him by his ancesstors.
a) run b)
handed
4. _ up from your books and listen to me.
a) look b) make
5. 1 hate the look of raw meat. Please _
it away.
a) take b) give
6. _ out of this room now!
a)get b)got
7. Have! you hoard about houses being _
into in the neighbourhood?
a) turned b) broken
8. When shall we _ away with crime and
violence?
a) do b) get’
9. What’s there on your desk, Peter? Will
you _ it over to me?
a) get b) hand
10. 10.if you………..out of money just let me
know, I’ll lend you some
a)run b)make
|
0 |
set |
6 |
|
|
1 |
7 |
||
|
2 |
8 |
||
|
3 |
9 |
||
|
4 |
10 |
||
|
5 |
Did you know that you can own a leopard in some states? It is true and has been for a while! It might sound fun to own a big cat but you may want to think twice about it. After all, you would need a lot of money and a lot of animal knowledge to properly care for one. To keep the leopards happy, we should let them roam free in the wild or live in a zoo where experts can take care of them.
In our discussion about leopards, we used a verb in every sentence. As you may know, a verb is a word that we use to describe actions and states of being. While there are many types of verbs that we can use in a sentence or clause, the italicized words above are members of a particularly helpful kind of verb called a helping verb or an auxiliary verb.
What is a helping or auxiliary verb?
A helping verb (also known as an auxiliary verb, with auxiliary coming from a Latin root meaning “helping”) is “a word used in construction with and preceding certain forms of other verbs, as infinitives or participles, to express distinctions of tense, aspect, mood, etc.”
So what does this mean? To simplify our definition a bit, a helping verb works together with the main verb to form a verb phrase that has a certain tense, mood, voice, or other grammatical aspect. Not every sentence or clause uses a verb phrase, so you can easily have a sentence without helping verbs. For example, the sentence Ducks quack uses a verb by itself to say what ducks do. However, the sentence The ducks have been quacking all morning uses a verb phrase (have been quacking) in order to form the present perfect continuous verb tense. We will exclusively use the term helping verb here, but in general usage the names helping verb and auxiliary verb can be used interchangeably.
When we use helping verbs, we place them in front of the main verb of the sentence. The main verb is the final verb in a verb phrase that actually says what action something is doing or describes a state of being. For example, in the sentence We might leave tomorrow, the main verb is leave and the helping verb is might.
There aren’t that many helping verbs, but the roster of helping verbs includes some of the most commonly used words in English. These include:
- The verb be and its forms: be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being
- The verb have and its forms: have, has, had, having
- The verb do and its forms: do, does, did
- can
- could
- might
- may
- must
- ought to
- shall
- should
- will
- would
Let’s look closer at these helping verbs to figure out why we actually use them.
The verb be
As a helping verb, the verb be is used with a main verb and, potentially, other helping verbs to form the continuous and perfect continuous verb tenses:
- She walks. (no helping verb)
- She is walking. (present continuous tense)
- She was walking. (past continuous tense)
- She will be walking. (future continuous tense)
- She has been walking. (present perfect continuous tense)
- She had been walking. (past perfect continuous tense)
- She will have been walking. (future perfect continuous tense)
The verb be can also be used as a helping verb with the passive voice. For example,
- Joey was rescued by a firefighter.
It is important to remember that the verb be can also be used by itself in a sentence. If it is, it acts as a linking verb and not a helping verb. For example, Mateo is a police officer.
The verb have
As a helping verb, have (and its forms) is mainly used to form the perfect and perfect continuous verb tenses. You can see examples of the perfect continuous tenses above. Here are examples of have used as a helping verb to form the perfect tenses:
- She has walked. (present perfect tense)
- She had walked. (past perfect tense)
- She will have walked. (future perfect tense)
Just like the verb be, have can also be used alone in a sentence to refer to ownership. If it is used this way, it is a stative verb and not a helping verb: Fish have gills.
Get a close-up look at how to use this helping verb correctly with our article on has vs. have!
The verb do
In grammar, mood (from a variant of the word mode) is a category that shows if a verb is expressing fact (known as indicative mood), command (imperative mood), question (interrogative mood), wish (optative mood), or conditionality (subjunctive mood). For example, the indicative mood is used to state facts as in Mice like cheese, and the imperative mood is used to give commands as in Bring me that book. In practice, modal verbs are used to alter the meaning of a sentence or clause in some way. The following two sentences have different meanings:
- Do cats chase mice? (Interrogative mood)
- Do not touch the glass! (Imperative mood)
As with the other two main helping verbs, do can also be used alone in a sentence, usually as an action verb. For example, The sergeant watched as the recruits did push-ups.
The modal auxiliary verbs
The subgroup of auxiliary verbs known as modal auxiliary verbs, or modal verbs, include words such as can, could, should, might, must, may, will, and shall. Generally speaking, these words are used as helping verbs to establish the mood of a verb. In practice, this includes sentences that indicate:
- Possibility: It might rain tomorrow. She may ask me to dance.
- Ability: Parrots can imitate human speech. He could beat anyone in a race.
- Necessity: You must clean your room. According to the law, we should report this crime to the police.
- Intention: We will buy more clothes if we can afford them. Malia said she shall visit her parents next month.
Helping verb examples
The following sentences all have examples of helping verbs. Keep in mind that a word is only a helping verb if it is not the main verb in a sentence. It is also possible to use more than one helping verb in a single verb phrase and to make a verb phrase negative by using the word not or a contraction.
- Jack and Jill were walking up a hill.
- The workers had been building the garage all morning.
- I heard that some insects can breathe underwater.
- Does she know that the store opens in an hour?
- Luckily, we had locked the door, so the robbers couldn’t enter the house.
Helping verbs make all the difference for verb tenses. How familiar are you with all of the tenses though? Let’s find out.
Helping verb rules & best practices
The most important thing to remember about helping verbs is that they are not the main verb of a sentence. As their name suggests, they help the main verb in a sentence by expressing a mood, tense, voice etc. When we use helping verbs in English, we typically put them in front of the main verb in a verb phrase.
Generally speaking, we typically do not use more than three helping verbs in a single verb phrase. For example, we would say I may have been eating at that time but we wouldn’t say I could may have been eating at that time.
Although they are not used as the main verb, it is possible for a linking verb to be used alone in a sentence or clause if the main verb has been omitted. Here are some examples:
- Madeline didn’t buy any gifts, but Elijah did.
- I can’t whistle, but my sister can.
- We never recycle even though we know that we really should.
- Ben didn’t know the answer, but Abby might.
- Cats can climb trees and monkeys can, too.
It is important to note that in each of the above sentences, it is easy to tell which verb was omitted in the sentence. When using a linking verb alone in a sentence, it is crucial that a listener or reader understands the meaning of what you are trying to say. It is a good idea to not omit the main verb from a sentence if a sentence is unclear or doesn’t make sense without it.
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